1
|
Cheng J, Wang J, Bi S, Li M, Wang L, Wang L, Li T, Zhang X, Gao Y, Zhu L, Wang C. GLABRA 2 regulates ETHYLENE OVERPRODUCER 1 accumulation during nutrient deficiency-induced root hair growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1906-1924. [PMID: 38497551 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Root hairs (RHs), extensive structures of root epidermal cells, are important for plant nutrient acquisition, soil anchorage, and environmental interactions. Excessive production of the phytohormone ethylene (ET) leads to substantial root hair growth, manifested as tolerance to plant nutrient deficiencies. However, the molecular basis of ET production during root hair growth in response to nutrient starvation remains unknown. Herein, we found that a critical transcription factor, GLABRA 2 (GL2), inhibits ET production during root hair growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). GL2 directly binds to the promoter of the gene encoding ET OVERPRODUCER 1 (ETO1), one of the most important ET-production-regulation factors, in vitro and in vivo, and then regulates the accumulation and function of ETO1 in root hair growth. The GL2-regulated-ETO1 module is required for promoting root hair growth under nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium deficiency. Genome-wide analysis revealed numerous genes, such as ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6-LIKE 4, ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 2, ROOT HAIR SPECIFIC 13, are involved in the GL2-regulated-ETO1 module. Our work reveals a key transcription mechanism in the control of ET production during root hair growth under three major nutrient deficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Cheng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jinshu Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shuangtian Bi
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Germplasm Resource and Biotechnology; Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Tong Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Che Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Zhang C. Unveiling key mechanisms: Transcriptomic meta-analysis of diverse nanomaterial applications addressing biotic and abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis Thaliana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172476. [PMID: 38621536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The potential applications of nanomaterials in agriculture for alleviating diverse biotic and abiotic stresses have garnered significant attention. The reported mechanisms encompass promoting plant growth and development, alleviating oxidative stress, inducing defense responses, modulating plant-microbe interactions, and more. However, individual studies may not fully uncover the common pathways or distinguish the effects of different nanostructures. We examined Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptomes exposed to biotic, abiotic, and metal or carbon-based nanomaterials, utilizing 24 microarray chipsets and 17 RNA-seq sets. The results showed that: 1) from the perspective of different nanostructures, all metal nanomaterials relieved biotic/abiotic stresses via boosting metal homeostasis, particularly zinc and iron. Carbon nanomaterials induce hormone-related immune responses in the presence of both biotic and abiotic stressors. 2) Considering the distinct features of various nanostructures, metal nanomaterials displayed unique characteristics in seed priming for combating abiotic stresses. In contrast, carbon nanomaterials exhibited attractive features in alleviating water deprivation and acting as signaling amplifiers during biotic stress. 3) For shared pathway analysis, response to hypoxia emerges as the predominant and widely shared regulatory mechanism governing diverse stress responses, including those induced by nanomaterials. By deciphering shared and specific pathways and responses, this research opens new avenues for precision nano-agriculture, offering innovative strategies to optimize plant resilience, improve stress management, and advance sustainable crop production practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yining Wu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yvjie Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu B, Wang S, Feng H, Wang J, Zhang K, Li Y, Wu P, Zhang M, Xia Y, Peng C, Li C. FERONIA-mediated TIR1/AFB2 oxidation stimulates auxin signaling in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:772-787. [PMID: 38581129 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin plays a pivotal role in governing plant growth and development. Although the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (TIR1/AFB) receptors function in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, the mechanism governing the distribution of TIR1/AFBs between these cellular compartments remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that auxin-mediated oxidation of TIR1/AFB2 is essential for their targeting to the nucleus. We showed that small active molecules, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), are indispensable for the nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of TIR1/AFB2 in trichoblasts and root hairs. Further studies revealed that this process is regulated by the FERONIA receptor kinase-NADPH oxidase signaling pathway. Interestingly, ROS and NO initiate oxidative modifications in TIR1C140/516 and AFB2C135/511, facilitating their subsequent nuclear import. The oxidized forms of TIR1C140/516 and AFB2C135/511 play a crucial role in enhancing the function of TIR1 and AFB2 in transcriptional auxin responses. Collectively, our study reveals a novel mechanism by which auxin stimulates the transport of TIR1/AFB2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, orchestrated by the FERONIA-ROS signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baiyan Lu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hanqian Feng
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kaixing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yilin Li
- National Facility for Protein Science Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ping Wu
- National Facility for Protein Science Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanshu Xia
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Voothuluru P, Wu Y, Sharp RE. Not so hidden anymore: Advances and challenges in understanding root growth under water deficits. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1377-1409. [PMID: 38382086 PMCID: PMC11062450 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Limited water availability is a major environmental factor constraining plant development and crop yields. One of the prominent adaptations of plants to water deficits is the maintenance of root growth that enables sustained access to soil water. Despite early recognition of the adaptive significance of root growth maintenance under water deficits, progress in understanding has been hampered by the inherent complexity of root systems and their interactions with the soil environment. We highlight selected milestones in the understanding of root growth responses to water deficits, with emphasis on founding studies that have shaped current knowledge and set the stage for further investigation. We revisit the concept of integrated biophysical and metabolic regulation of plant growth and use this framework to review central growth-regulatory processes occurring within root growth zones under water stress at subcellular to organ scales. Key topics include the primary processes of modifications of cell wall-yielding properties and osmotic adjustment, as well as regulatory roles of abscisic acid and its interactions with other hormones. We include consideration of long-recognized responses for which detailed mechanistic understanding has been elusive until recently, for example hydrotropism, and identify gaps in knowledge, ongoing challenges, and opportunities for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Voothuluru
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Yajun Wu
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Robert E Sharp
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bakala HS, Devi J, Singh G, Singh I. Drought and heat stress: insights into tolerance mechanisms and breeding strategies for pigeonpea improvement. PLANTA 2024; 259:123. [PMID: 38622376 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Pigeonpea has potential to foster sustainable agriculture and resilience in evolving climate change; understanding bio-physiological and molecular mechanisms of heat and drought stress tolerance is imperative to developing resilience cultivars. Pigeonpea is an important legume crop that has potential resilience in the face of evolving climate scenarios. However, compared to other legumes, there has been limited research on abiotic stress tolerance in pigeonpea, particularly towards drought stress (DS) and heat stress (HS). To address this gap, this review delves into the genetic, physiological, and molecular mechanisms that govern pigeonpea's response to DS and HS. It emphasizes the need to understand how this crop combats these stresses and exhibits different types of tolerance and adaptation mechanisms through component traits. The current article provides a comprehensive overview of the complex interplay of factors contributing to the resilience of pigeonpea under adverse environmental conditions. Furthermore, the review synthesizes information on major breeding techniques, encompassing both conventional methods and modern molecular omics-assisted tools and techniques. It highlights the potential of genomics and phenomics tools and their pivotal role in enhancing adaptability and resilience in pigeonpea. Despite the progress made in genomics, phenomics and big data analytics, the complexity of drought and heat tolerance in pigeonpea necessitate continuous exploration at multi-omic levels. High-throughput phenotyping (HTP) is crucial for gaining insights into perplexed interactions among genotype, environment, and management practices (GxExM). Thus, integration of advanced technologies in breeding programs is critical for developing pigeonpea varieties that can withstand the challenges posed by climate change. This review is expected to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, providing a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying abiotic stress tolerance in pigeonpea and offering insights into modern breeding strategies that can contribute to the development of resilient varieties suited for changing environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harmeet Singh Bakala
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Jomika Devi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Gurjeet Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
- Texas A&M University, AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, TX, 77713, USA.
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mutanwad KV, Debreczeny M, Lucyshyn D. Root Hair Imaging Using Confocal Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2787:81-94. [PMID: 38656483 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3778-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Plant genetics plays a key role in determining root hair initiation and development. A complex network of genetic interactions therefore closely monitors and influences root hair phenotype and morphology. The significance of these genes can be studied by employing, for instance, loss-of-function mutants, overexpression plant lines, and fluorescently labeled constructs. Confocal laser scanning microscopy is a great tool to visually observe and document these morphological features. This chapter elaborates the techniques involved in handling of microscopic setup to acquire images displaying root hair distribution along the fully elongated zone of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Additionally, we illustrate an approach to visualize early fate determination of epidermal cells in the root apical meristem, by describing a method for imaging YFP tagged transgenic plant lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Vasant Mutanwad
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Debreczeny
- Core Facility Multiscale Imaging, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kumar V, Wegener M, Knieper M, Kaya A, Viehhauser A, Dietz KJ. Strategies of Molecular Signal Integration for Optimized Plant Acclimation to Stress Combinations. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2832:3-29. [PMID: 38869784 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3973-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth and survival in their natural environment require versatile mitigation of diverse threats. The task is especially challenging due to the largely unpredictable interaction of countless abiotic and biotic factors. To resist an unfavorable environment, plants have evolved diverse sensing, signaling, and adaptive molecular mechanisms. Recent stress studies have identified molecular elements like secondary messengers (ROS, Ca2+, etc.), hormones (ABA, JA, etc.), and signaling proteins (SnRK, MAPK, etc.). However, major gaps remain in understanding the interaction between these pathways, and in particular under conditions of stress combinations. Here, we highlight the challenge of defining "stress" in such complex natural scenarios. Therefore, defining stress hallmarks for different combinations is crucial. We discuss three examples of robust and dynamic plant acclimation systems, outlining specific plant responses to complex stress overlaps. (a) The high plasticity of root system architecture is a decisive feature in sustainable crop development in times of global climate change. (b) Similarly, broad sensory abilities and apparent control of cellular metabolism under adverse conditions through retrograde signaling make chloroplasts an ideal hub. Functional specificity of the chloroplast-associated molecular patterns (ChAMPs) under combined stresses needs further focus. (c) The molecular integration of several hormonal signaling pathways, which bring together all cellular information to initiate the adaptive changes, needs resolving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Melanie Wegener
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Madita Knieper
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Armağan Kaya
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andrea Viehhauser
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu B, Wang T, Liu L, Xiao D, Yang Y, Yuan L, Zhang A, Xu K, Liu S, Liu K, Chen L. MYB6/bHLH13-AbSUS2 involved in sugar metabolism regulates root hair initiation of Abies beshanzuensis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2386-2403. [PMID: 37817383 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Root hair is regarded as a pivotal complementary survival tactic for mycorrhizal plant like Abies beshanzuensis when symbiosis is disrupted. Relatively little is known about the mechanism underlying root hair morphogenesis in plant species that are strongly dependent on mycorrhizal symbiosis. Many of these species are endangered, and this knowledge is critical for ensuring their survival. Here, a MYB6/bHLH13-sucrose synthase 2 (AbSUS2) module was newly identified and characterized in A. beshanzuensis using bioinformatics, histochemistry, molecular biology, and transgenesis. Functional, expression pattern, and localization analysis showed that AbSUS2 participated in sucrose synthesis and was involved in root hair initiation in A. beshanzuensis. Additionally, the major enzymatic product of AbSUS2 was found to suppress root hair initiation in vitro. Our data further showed that a complex involving the transcription factors AbMYB6 and AbbHLH13 directly interacted with the promoter of AbSUS2 and strengthened its expression, thereby inhibiting root hair initiation in response to exogenous sucrose. Our findings offer novel insights into how root hair morphogenesis is regulated in mycorrhizal plants and also provide a new strategy for the preservation of endangered mycorrhizal plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Tingjin Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Longquan Preserve Center of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Longquan, Zhejiang, 323714, China
| | - Duohong Xiao
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lu Yuan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Shenglong Liu
- Longquan Preserve Center of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Longquan, Zhejiang, 323714, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baiyin B, Xiang Y, Hu J, Tagawa K, Son JE, Yamada S, Yang Q. Nutrient Solution Flowing Environment Affects Metabolite Synthesis Inducing Root Thigmomorphogenesis of Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) in Hydroponics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16616. [PMID: 38068940 PMCID: PMC10706437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal difference between hydroponics and other substrate cultivation methods is the flowing liquid hydroponic cultivation substrate. Our previous studies have revealed that a suitable flowing environment of nutrient solution promoted root development and plant growth, while an excess flow environment was unfavorable for plants. To explain the thigmomorphogenetic response of excess flow-induced metabolic changes, six groups of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), including two flow conditions and three time periods, were grown. Compared with the plants without flow, the plants with flow showed decreased root fresh weight, total root length, root surface area, and root volume but increased average root diameter and root density. The roots with flow had more upregulated metabolites than those without flow, suggesting that the flow may trigger metabolic synthesis and activity. Seventy-nine common differential metabolites among six groups were screened, and enrichment analysis showed the most significant enrichment in the arginine biosynthesis pathway. Arginine was present in all the groups and exhibited greater concentrations in roots with flow than without flow. It can be speculated from the results that a high-flowing environment of nutrient solution promotes arginine synthesis, resulting in changes in root morphology. The findings provide insights on root thigmomorphogenesis affected by its growing conditions and help understand how plants respond to environmental mechanical forces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bateer Baiyin
- Research Center for Smart Horticulture Engineering, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; (B.B.); (Y.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Yue Xiang
- Research Center for Smart Horticulture Engineering, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; (B.B.); (Y.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiangtao Hu
- Research Center for Smart Horticulture Engineering, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; (B.B.); (Y.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Kotaro Tagawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.T.); (S.Y.)
| | - Jung Eek Son
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.T.); (S.Y.)
| | - Qichang Yang
- Research Center for Smart Horticulture Engineering, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; (B.B.); (Y.X.); (J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moon S, Derakhshani B, Gho YS, Kim EJ, Lee SK, Jiang X, Lee C, Jung KH. PRX102 Participates in Root Hairs Tip Growth of Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:51. [PMID: 37971600 PMCID: PMC10654324 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are extensions of epidermal cells on the root tips that increase the root contract surface area with the soil. For polar tip growth, newly synthesized proteins and other materials must be incorporated into the tips of root hairs. Here, we report the characterization of PRX102, a root hair preferential endoplasmic reticulum peroxidase. During root hair growth, PRX102 has a polar localization pattern within the tip regions of root hairs but it loses this polarity after growth termination. Moreover, PRX102 participates in root hair outgrowth by regulating dense cytoplasmic streaming toward the tip. This role is distinct from those of other peroxidases playing roles in the root hairs and regulating reactive oxygen species homeostasis. RNA-seq analysis using prx102 root hairs revealed that 87 genes including glutathione S-transferase were downregulated. Our results therefore suggest a new function of peroxidase as a player in the delivery of substances to the tips of growing root hairs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunok Moon
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Behnam Derakhshani
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Yun Shil Gho
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Eui-Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Lee
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Xu Jiang
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Choonseok Lee
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li P, Ma X, Wang J, Yao L, Li B, Meng Y, Si E, Yang K, Shang X, Zhang X, Wang H. Integrated Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals Insights for Low Phosphorus Tolerance in Wheat Seedling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14840. [PMID: 37834288 PMCID: PMC10573437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Low phosphorus (LP) stress leads to a significant reduction in wheat yield, primarily in the reduction of biomass, the number of tillers and spike grains, the delay in heading and flowering, and the inhibition of starch synthesis and grouting. However, the differences in regulatory pathway responses to low phosphorus stress among different wheat genotypes are still largely unknown. In this study, metabolome and transcriptome analyses of G28 (LP-tolerant) and L143 (LP-sensitive) wheat varieties after 72 h of normal phosphorus (CK) and LP stress were performed. A total of 181 and 163 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected for G28CK vs. G28LP and L143CK vs. L143LP, respectively. Notably, the expression of pilocarpine (C07474) in G28CK vs. G28LP was significantly downregulated 4.77-fold, while the expression of neochlorogenic acid (C17147) in L143CK vs. L143LP was significantly upregulated 2.34-fold. A total of 4023 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired between G28 and L143, of which 1120 DEGs were considered as the core DEGs of LP tolerance of wheat after LP treatment. The integration of metabolomics and transcriptomic data further revealed that the LP tolerance of wheat was closely related to 15 metabolites and 18 key genes in the sugar and amino acid metabolism pathway. The oxidative phosphorylation pathway was enriched to four ATPases, two cytochrome c reductase genes, and fumaric acid under LP treatment. Moreover, PHT1;1, TFs (ARFA, WRKY40, MYB4, MYB85), and IAA20 genes were related to the Pi starvation stress of wheat roots. Therefore, the differences in LP tolerance of different wheat varieties were related to energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, phytohormones, and PHT proteins, and precisely regulated by the levels of various molecular pathways to adapt to Pi starvation stress. Taken together, this study may help to reveal the complex regulatory process of wheat adaptation to Pi starvation and provide new genetic clues for further study on improving plant Pi utilization efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Li
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science / Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, 730070, China; (P.L.); (X.M.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaole Ma
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science / Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, 730070, China; (P.L.); (X.M.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science / Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, 730070, China; (P.L.); (X.M.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lirong Yao
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science / Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, 730070, China; (P.L.); (X.M.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Baochun Li
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science / Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, 730070, China; (P.L.); (X.M.)
- Department of Botany, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yaxiong Meng
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science / Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, 730070, China; (P.L.); (X.M.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Erjing Si
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science / Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, 730070, China; (P.L.); (X.M.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ke Yang
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science / Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, 730070, China; (P.L.); (X.M.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xunwu Shang
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xueyong Zhang
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science / Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, 730070, China; (P.L.); (X.M.)
| | - Huajun Wang
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science / Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, 730070, China; (P.L.); (X.M.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang L, Wang X, Yu XX, Yang L, Zhou BC, Yang J, Xu CR. The default and directed pathways of hepatoblast differentiation involve distinct epigenomic mechanisms. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1688-1700.e6. [PMID: 37490911 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of multiomics analyses in defining cell differentiation pathways during development is ambiguous. During liver development, hepatoblasts follow a default or directed pathway to differentiate into hepatocytes or cholangiocytes, respectively, and this provides a practical model to address this issue. Our study discovered that promoter-associated histone modifications and chromatin accessibility dynamics, rather than enhancer-associated histone modifications, effectively delineated the "default vs. directed" process of hepatoblast differentiation. Histone H3K27me3 on bivalent promoters is associated with this asymmetric differentiation strategy in mice and humans. We demonstrated that Ezh2 and Jmjd3 exert opposing regulatory roles in hepatoblast-cholangiocyte differentiation. Additionally, active enhancers, regulated by P300, correlate with the development of both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. This research proposes a model highlighting the division of labor between promoters and enhancers, with promoter-associated chromatin modifications governing the "default vs. directed" differentiation mode of hepatoblasts, whereas enhancer-associated modifications primarily dictate the progressive development processes of hepatobiliary lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin-Xin Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bi-Chen Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Siddiqui N, Gabi MT, Kamruzzaman M, Ambaw AM, Teferi TJ, Dadshani S, Léon J, Ballvora A. Genetic dissection of root architectural plasticity and identification of candidate loci in response to drought stress in bread wheat. BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:38. [PMID: 37495985 PMCID: PMC10373353 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of droughts has dramatically increased over the last 50 years, causing yield declines in cereals, including wheat. Crop varieties with efficient root systems show great potential for plant adaptation to drought stress, however; genetic control of root systems in wheat under field conditions is not yet well understood. RESULTS Natural variation in root architecture plasticity (phenotypic alteration due to changing environments) was dissected under field-based control (well-irrigated) and drought (rain-out shelter) conditions by a genome-wide association study using 200 diverse wheat cultivars. Our results revealed root architecture and plasticity traits were differentially responded to drought stress. A total of 25 marker-trait associations (MTAs) underlying natural variations in root architectural plasticity were identified in response to drought stress. They were abundantly distributed on chromosomes 1 A, 1B, 2 A, 2B, 3 A, 3B, 4B, 5 A, 5D, 7 A and 7B of the wheat genome. Gene ontology annotation showed that many candidate genes associated with plasticity were involved in water-transport and water channel activity, cellular response to water deprivation, scavenging reactive oxygen species, root growth and development and hormone-activated signaling pathway-transmembrane transport, indicating their response to drought stress. Further, in silico transcript abundance analysis demonstrated that root plasticity-associated candidate genes were highly expressed in roots across different root growth stages and under drought treatments. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that root phenotypic plasticity is highly quantitative, and the corresponding loci are associated with drought stress that may provide novel ways to enable root trait breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurealam Siddiqui
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Melesech T Gabi
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mohammad Kamruzzaman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Abebaw M Ambaw
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tesfaye J Teferi
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Said Dadshani
- INRES-Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Léon
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 2, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Agim Ballvora
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lehman TA, Rosas MA, Brew-Appiah RAT, Solanki S, York ZB, Dannay R, Wu Y, Roalson EH, Zheng P, Main D, Baskin TI, Sanguinet KA. BUZZ: an essential gene for postinitiation root hair growth and a mediator of root architecture in Brachypodium distachyon. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37421201 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we discover a player in root development. Recovered from a forward-genetic screen in Brachypodium distachyon, the buzz mutant initiates root hairs but they fail to elongate. In addition, buzz roots grow twice as fast as wild-type roots. Also, lateral roots show increased sensitivity to nitrate, whereas primary roots are less sensitive to nitrate. Using whole-genome resequencing, we identified the causal single nucleotide polymorphism as occurring in a conserved but previously uncharacterized cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-like gene. The buzz mutant phenotypes are rescued by the wild-type B. distachyon BUZZ coding sequence and by an apparent homolog in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, T-DNA mutants in A. thaliana BUZZ have shorter root hairs. BUZZ mRNA localizes to epidermal cells and develops root hairs and, in the latter, partially colocalizes with the NRT1.1A nitrate transporter. Based on qPCR and RNA-Seq, buzz overexpresses ROOT HAIRLESS LIKE SIX-1 and -2 and misregulates genes related to hormone signaling, RNA processing, cytoskeletal, and cell wall organization, and to the assimilation of nitrate. Overall, these data demonstrate that BUZZ is required for tip growth after root hair initiation and root architectural responses to nitrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiel A Lehman
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Miguel A Rosas
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Rhoda A T Brew-Appiah
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Shyam Solanki
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Zara B York
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Rachel Dannay
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Eric H Roalson
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Dorrie Main
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Tobias I Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Karen A Sanguinet
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Luo R, Yang K, Xiao W. Plant deubiquitinases: from structure and activity to biological functions. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:469-486. [PMID: 36567335 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article attempts to provide comprehensive review of plant deubiquitinases, paying special attention to recent advances in their biochemical activities and biological functions. Proteins in eukaryotes are subjected to post-translational modifications, in which ubiquitination is regarded as a reversible process. Cellular deubiquitinases (DUBs) are a key component of the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system responsible for cellular protein homeostasis. DUBs recycle Ub by hydrolyzing poly-Ub chains on target proteins, and maintain a balance of the cellular Ub pool. In addition, some DUBs prefer to cleave poly-Ub chains not linked through the conventional K48 residue, which often alter the substrate activity instead of its stability. In plants, all seven known DUB subfamilies have been identified, namely Ub-binding protease/Ub-specific protease (UBP/USP), Ub C-terminal hydrolase (UCH), Machado-Joseph domain-containing protease (MJD), ovarian-tumor domain-containing protease (OTU), zinc finger with UFM1-specific peptidase domain protease (ZUFSP), motif interacting with Ub-containing novel DUB family (MINDY), and JAB1/MPN/MOV34 protease (JAMM). This review focuses on recent advances in the structure, activity, and biological functions of plant DUBs, particularly in the model plant Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runbang Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Kun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Wei Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shelden MC, Munns R. Crop root system plasticity for improved yields in saline soils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1120583. [PMID: 36909408 PMCID: PMC9999379 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1120583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Crop yields must increase to meet the demands of a growing world population. Soil salinization is increasing due to the impacts of climate change, reducing the area of arable land for crop production. Plant root systems are plastic, and their architecture can be modulated to (1) acquire nutrients and water for growth, and (2) respond to hostile soil environments. Saline soils inhibit primary root growth and alter root system architecture (RSA) of crop plants. In this review, we explore how crop root systems respond and adapt to salinity, focusing predominately on the staple cereal crops wheat, maize, rice, and barley, that all play a major role in global food security. Cereal crops are classified as glycophytes (salt-sensitive) however salt-tolerance can differ both between species and within a species. In the past, due to the inherent difficulties associated with visualising and measuring root traits, crop breeding strategies have tended to focus on optimising shoot traits. High-resolution phenotyping techniques now make it possible to visualise and measure root traits in soil systems. A steep, deep and cheap root ideotype has been proposed for water and nitrogen capture. Changes in RSA can be an adaptive strategy to avoid saline soils whilst optimising nutrient and water acquisition. In this review we propose a new model for designing crops with a salt-tolerant root ideotype. The proposed root ideotype would exhibit root plasticity to adapt to saline soils, root anatomical changes to conserve energy and restrict sodium (Na+) uptake, and transport mechanisms to reduce the amount of Na+ transported to leaves. In the future, combining high-resolution root phenotyping with advances in crop genetics will allow us to uncover root traits in complex crop species such as wheat, that can be incorporated into crop breeding programs for yield stability in saline soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan C. Shelden
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Rana Munns
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Meng F, Zhang T, Yin D. The effects of soil drought stress on growth characteristics, root system, and tissue anatomy of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14578. [PMID: 36643639 PMCID: PMC9835711 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to study the changes in growth, root system, and tissue anatomical structure of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica under soil drought conditions. In this study, the growth indexes and photosynthesis of P. sylvestris var. mongolica seedlings under soil drought stress were studied by pot cultivation. Continuous pot water control experiment of the indoor culture of P. sylvestris var. mongolica was carried out, ensuring that the soil water content of each treatment reached 80%, 40%, and 20% of the field moisture capacity as control, moderate drought and severe drought, respectively. The submicroscopic structures of the needles and roots were observed using a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope. The response of soil roots to drought stress was studied by root scanning. Moderate drought stress increased needle stomatal density, while under severe drought stress, stomatal density decreased. At the same time, the total number of root tips, total root length, root surface area, and root volume of seedlings decreased with the deepening of the drought. Furthermore, moderate drought and severe drought stress significantly reduced the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content in P. sylvestris var. mongolica seedlings compared to the control group. The needle cells were deformed and damaged, and chloroplasts and mitochondria were damaged, gradually disintegrated, and the number of osmiophiles increased. There was also an increase in nuclear vacuolation.
Collapse
|
18
|
Rajendran S, Kim CM. OsCSLD1 Mediates NH 4+-Dependent Root Hair Growth Suppression and AMT1;2 Expression in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3580. [PMID: 36559692 PMCID: PMC9788582 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs play crucial roles in the roots, including nutrient uptake, water assimilation, and anchorage with soil, along with supporting rhizospheric microorganisms. In rice, ammonia uptake is mediated by a specialized ammonium transporter (AMT). AMT1;1, AMT1;2, and AMT1;3 have been extensively studied in relation to nitrogen signaling. Cellulose synthase-like D1 (CSLD1) is essential for cell expansion and is highly specific to root hair cells. csld1 mutants showed successful initiation but failed to elongate. However, when nitrogen was depleted, csld1 root hairs resumed elongation. Further experiments revealed that in the presence of ammonium (NH4+), csld1 roots failed to elongate. csld1 elongated normally in the presence of nitrate (NO3−). Expression analysis showed an increase in root hair-specific AMT1;2 expression in csld1. CSLD1 was positively co-expressed with AMT1;2 changing nitrogen concentration in the growth media. CSLD1 showed increased expression in the presence of both ammonium and nitrate. Methylammonium (MeA) treatment of CSLD1 overexpression lines suggests that CSLD1 does not directly participate in nitrogen transport. Further studies on the root hair elongation mutant sndp1 showed that nitrogen assimilation is unlikely to depend on root hair length. Therefore, these results suggest that CSLD1 is closely involved in nitrogen-dependent root hair elongation and regulation of AMT1;2 expression in rice roots.
Collapse
|
19
|
Üstüner S, Schäfer P, Eichmann R. Development specifies, diversifies and empowers root immunity. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55631. [PMID: 36330761 PMCID: PMC9724680 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Roots are a highly organised plant tissue consisting of different cell types with distinct developmental functions defined by cell identity networks. Roots are the target of some of the most devastating diseases and possess a highly effective immune system. The recognition of microbe- or plant-derived molecules released in response to microbial attack is highly important in the activation of complex immunity gene networks. Development and immunity are intertwined, and immunity activation can result in growth inhibition. In turn, by connecting immunity and cell identity regulators, cell types are able to launch a cell type-specific immunity based on the developmental function of each cell type. By this strategy, fundamental developmental processes of each cell type contribute their most basic functions to drive cost-effective but highly diverse and, thus, efficient immune responses. This review highlights the interdependence of root development and immunity and how the developmental age of root cells contributes to positive and negative outcomes of development-immunity cross-talk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sim Üstüner
- Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Patrick Schäfer
- Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Ruth Eichmann
- Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ke D, Guo J, Li K, Wang Y, Han X, Fu W, Miao Y, Jia KP. Carotenoid-derived bioactive metabolites shape plant root architecture to adapt to the rhizospheric environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:986414. [PMID: 36388571 PMCID: PMC9643742 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.986414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Roots are important plant organs for the uptake of water and nutrient elements. Plant root development is finely regulated by endogenous signals and environmental cues, which shapes the root system architecture to optimize the plant growth and adapt to the rhizospheric environments. Carotenoids are precursors of plant hormones strigolactones (SLs) and ABA, as well as multiple bioactive molecules. Numerous studies have demonstrated SLs and ABA as essential regulators of plant root growth and development. In addition, a lot carotenoid-derived bioactive metabolites are recently identified as plant root growth regulators, such as anchorene, β-cyclocitral, retinal and zaxinone. However, our knowledge on how these metabolites affect the root architecture to cope with various stressors and how they interact with each other during these processes is still quite limited. In the present review, we will briefly introduce the biosynthesis of carotenoid-derived root regulators and elaborate their biological functions on root development and architecture, focusing on their contribution to the rhizospheric environmental adaption of plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danping Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jinggong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaomeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kun-Peng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kohli PS, Pazhamala LT, Mani B, Thakur JK, Giri J. Root hair-specific transcriptome reveals response to low phosphorus in Cicer arietinum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:983969. [PMID: 36267945 PMCID: PMC9577374 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.983969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs (RH) are a single-cell extension of root epidermal cells. In low phosphorus (LP) availability, RH length and density increase thus expanding the total root surface area for phosphate (Pi) acquisition. However, details on genes involved in RH development and response to LP are missing in an agronomically important leguminous crop, chickpea. To elucidate this response in chickpea, we performed tissue-specific RNA-sequencing and analyzed the transcriptome modulation for RH and root without RH (Root-RH) under LP. Root hair initiation and cellular differentiation genes like RSL TFs and ROPGEFs are upregulated in Root-RH, explaining denser, and ectopic RH in LP. In RH, genes involved in tip growth processes and phytohormonal biosynthesis like cell wall synthesis and loosening (cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit, CaEXPA2, CaGRP2, and CaXTH2), cytoskeleton/vesicle transport, and ethylene biosynthesis are upregulated. Besides RH development, genes involved in LP responses like lipid and/or pectin P remobilization and acid phosphatases are induced in these tissues summarizing a complete molecular response to LP. Further, RH displayed preferential enrichment of processes involved in symbiotic interactions, which provide an additional benefit during LP. In conclusion, RH shows a multi-faceted response that starts with molecular changes for epidermal cell differentiation and RH initiation in Root-RH and later induction of tip growth and various LP responses in elongated RH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Balaji Mani
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
- International Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Martin RE, Postiglione AE, Muday GK. Reactive oxygen species function as signaling molecules in controlling plant development and hormonal responses. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102293. [PMID: 36099672 PMCID: PMC10475289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as second messengers in plant signaling pathways to remodel plant growth and development. New insights into how enzymatic ROS-producing machinery is regulated by hormones or localized during development have provided a framework for understanding the mechanisms that control ROS accumulation patterns. Signaling-mediated increases in ROS can then modulate the activity of proteins through reversible oxidative modification of specific cysteine residues. Plants also control the synthesis of antioxidants, including plant-specialized metabolites, to further define when, where, and how much ROS accumulate. The availability of sophisticated imaging capabilities, combined with a growing tool kit of ROS detection technologies, particularly genetically encoded biosensors, sets the stage for improved understanding of ROS as signaling molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Emily Martin
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA; Department of Biology and the Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Anthony E Postiglione
- Department of Biology and the Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Gloria K Muday
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA; Department of Biology and the Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shibata M, Favero DS, Takebayashi R, Takebayashi A, Kawamura A, Rymen B, Hosokawa Y, Sugimoto K. Trihelix transcription factors GTL1 and DF1 prevent aberrant root hair formation in an excess nutrient condition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1426-1441. [PMID: 35713645 PMCID: PMC9544051 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Root hair growth is tuned in response to the environment surrounding plants. While most previous studies focused on the enhancement of root hair growth during nutrient starvation, few studies investigated the root hair response in the presence of excess nutrients. We report that the post-embryonic growth of wild-type Arabidopsis plants is strongly suppressed with increasing nutrient availability, particularly in the case of root hair growth. We further used gene expression profiling to analyze how excess nutrient availability affects root hair growth, and found that RHD6 subfamily genes, which are positive regulators of root hair growth, are downregulated in this condition. However, defects in GTL1 and DF1, which are negative regulators of root hair growth, cause frail and swollen root hairs to form when excess nutrients are supplied. Additionally, we observed that the RHD6 subfamily genes are mis-expressed in gtl1-1 df1-1. Furthermore, overexpression of RSL4, an RHD6 subfamily gene, induces swollen root hairs in the face of a nutrient overload, while mutation of RSL4 in gtl1-1 df1-1 restore root hair swelling phenotype. In conclusion, our data suggest that GTL1 and DF1 prevent unnecessary root hair formation by repressing RSL4 under excess nutrient conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David S. Favero
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama230‐0045Japan
| | - Ryu Takebayashi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and TechnologyNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkoma630‐0192Japan
| | | | - Ayako Kawamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama230‐0045Japan
| | - Bart Rymen
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama230‐0045Japan
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI)KU LeuvenKasteelpark Arenberg 31LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and TechnologyNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkoma630‐0192Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama230‐0045Japan
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyo119‐0033Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Martin RE, Marzol E, Estevez JM, Muday GK. Ethylene signaling increases reactive oxygen species accumulation to drive root hair initiation in Arabidopsis. Development 2022; 149:275731. [PMID: 35713303 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Root hair initiation is a highly regulated aspect of root development. The plant hormone ethylene and its precursor, 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, induce formation and elongation of root hairs. Using confocal microscopy paired with redox biosensors and dyes, we demonstrated that treatments that elevate ethylene levels lead to increased hydrogen peroxide accumulation in hair cells prior to root hair formation. In the ethylene-insensitive receptor mutant, etr1-3, and the signaling double mutant, ein3eil1, the increase in root hair number or reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation after ACC and ethylene treatment was lost. Conversely, etr1-7, a constitutive ethylene signaling receptor mutant, has increased root hair formation and ROS accumulation, similar to ethylene-treated Col-0 seedlings. The caprice and werewolf transcription factor mutants have decreased and elevated ROS levels, respectively, which are correlated with levels of root hair initiation. The rhd2-6 mutant, with a defect in the gene encoding the ROS-synthesizing RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG C (RBOHC), and the prx44-2 mutant, which is defective in a class III peroxidase, showed impaired ethylene-dependent ROS synthesis and root hair formation via EIN3EIL1-dependent transcriptional regulation. Together, these results indicate that ethylene increases ROS accumulation through RBOHC and PRX44 to drive root hair formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Emily Martin
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry and the Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Road, Winston-Salem, NC 27109,USA
| | - Eliana Marzol
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, Argentina, C1405BWE
| | - Jose M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, Argentina, C1405BWE.,Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello Santiago, Santiago, Chile and ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio) and Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago, Chile, 8370146
| | - Gloria K Muday
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry and the Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Road, Winston-Salem, NC 27109,USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jin Z, Li T, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Ning C, Xu J, Hicks G, Raikhel N, Xiang Y, Li R. Small molecule RHP1 promotes root hair tip growth by acting upstream of the RHD6-RSL4-dependent transcriptional pathway and ROP signaling in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1636-1650. [PMID: 35388535 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are single-cell projections in the root epidermis. The presence of root hairs greatly expands the root surface, which facilitates soil anchorage and the absorption of water and nutrients. Root hairs are also the ideal system to study the mechanism of polar growth. Previous research has identified many important factors that control different stages of root hair development. Using a chemical genetics screen, in this study we report the identification of a steroid molecule, RHP1, which promotes root hair growth at nanomolar concentrations without obvious change of other developmental processes. We further demonstrate that RHP1 specifically affects tip growth with no significant influence on cell fate or planar polarity. We also show that RHP1 promotes root hair tip growth via acting upstream of the RHD6-RSL4-dependent transcriptional pathway and ROP GTPase-guided local signaling. Finally, we demonstrate that RHP1 exhibits a wide range of effects on different plant species in both monocots and dicots. This study of RHP1 will not only help to dissect the mechanism of root hair tip growth, but also provide a new tool to modify root hair growth in different plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcai Jin
- Harbin institute of Technology, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuelong Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuanzhi Huang
- Harbin institute of Technology, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Chengqing Ning
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Glenn Hicks
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Natasha Raikhel
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Yun Xiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ruixi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lou H, Tucker MR, Shirley NJ, Lahnstein J, Yang X, Ma C, Schwerdt J, Fusi R, Burton RA, Band LR, Bennett MJ, Bulone V. The cellulose synthase-like F3 (CslF3) gene mediates cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and affects root growth and differentiation in barley. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1681-1699. [PMID: 35395116 PMCID: PMC9324092 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The barley cellulose synthase-like F (CslF) genes encode putative cell wall polysaccharide synthases. They are related to the cellulose synthase (CesA) genes involved in cellulose biosynthesis, and the CslD genes that influence root hair development. Although CslD genes are implicated in callose, mannan and cellulose biosynthesis, and are found in both monocots and eudicots, CslF genes are specific to the Poaceae. Recently the barley CslF3 (HvCslF3) gene was shown to be involved in the synthesis of a novel (1,4)-β-linked glucoxylan, but it remains unclear whether this gene contributes to plant growth and development. Here, expression profiling using qRT-PCR and mRNA in situ hybridization revealed that HvCslF3 accumulates in the root elongation zone. Silencing HvCslF3 by RNAi was accompanied by slower root growth, linked with a shorter elongation zone and a significant reduction in root system size. Polymer profiling of the RNAi lines revealed a significant reduction in (1,4)-β-linked glucoxylan levels. Remarkably, the heterologous expression of HvCslF3 in wild-type (Col-0) and root hair-deficient Arabidopsis mutants (csld3 and csld5) complemented the csld5 mutant phenotype, in addition to altering epidermal cell fate. Our results reveal a key role for HvCslF3 during barley root development and suggest that members of the CslD and CslF gene families have similar functions during root growth regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Lou
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of BioscienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Matthew R. Tucker
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
| | - Neil J. Shirley
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
| | - Jelle Lahnstein
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- Adelaide Glycomics, School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
| | - Chao Ma
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
| | - Julian Schwerdt
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- Adelaide Glycomics, School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
| | - Riccardo Fusi
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of BioscienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Rachel A. Burton
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
| | - Leah R. Band
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of BioscienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
- School of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Malcolm J. Bennett
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of BioscienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Vincent Bulone
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- Adelaide Glycomics, School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusUrrbraeSouth Australia5064Australia
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthRoyal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University CentreStockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Priatama RA, Heo J, Kim SH, Rajendran S, Yoon S, Jeong DH, Choo YK, Bae JH, Kim CM, Lee YH, Demura T, Lee YK, Choi EY, Han CD, Park SJ. Narrow lpa1 Metaxylems Enhance Drought Tolerance and Optimize Water Use for Grain Filling in Dwarf Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:894545. [PMID: 35620680 PMCID: PMC9127761 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.894545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Rice cultivation needs extensive amounts of water. Moreover, increased frequency of droughts and water scarcity has become a global concern for rice cultivation. Hence, optimization of water use is crucial for sustainable agriculture. Here, we characterized Loose Plant Architecture 1 (LPA1) in vasculature development, water transport, drought resistance, and grain yield. We performed genetic combination of lpa1 with semi-dwarf mutant to offer the optimum rice architecture for more efficient water use. LPA1 expressed in pre-vascular cells of leaf primordia regulates genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism and cell enlargement. Thus, it plays a role in metaxylem enlargement of the aerial organs. Narrow metaxylem of lpa1 exhibit leaves curling on sunny day and convey drought tolerance but reduce grain yield in mature plants. However, the genetic combination of lpa1 with semi-dwarf mutant (dep1-ko or d2) offer optimal water supply and drought resistance without impacting grain-filling rates. Our results show that water use, and transports can be genetically controlled by optimizing metaxylem vessel size and plant height, which may be utilized for enhancing drought tolerance and offers the potential solution to face the more frequent harsh climate condition in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryza A. Priatama
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Institute of Plasma Technology, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Gunsan, South Korea
| | - Jung Heo
- Division of Biological Sciences and Research Institute for Basic Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sujeevan Rajendran
- Division of Biological Sciences and Research Institute for Basic Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Seoa Yoon
- Department of Horticulture Industry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Life Science and Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Young-Kug Choo
- Division of Biological Sciences and Research Institute for Basic Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Jong Hyang Bae
- Department of Horticulture Industry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Chul Min Kim
- Department of Horticulture Industry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Taku Demura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Young Koung Lee
- Institute of Plasma Technology, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Gunsan, South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Choi
- Department of Agricultural Science, Korea National Open University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-deok Han
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Soon Ju Park
- Division of Biological Sciences and Research Institute for Basic Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Melkikh AV, Sutormina MI. From leaves to roots: Biophysical models of transport of substances in plants. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 169-170:53-83. [PMID: 35114180 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The transport processes of substances in various plant tissues are extremely diverse. However, models aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of such processes are almost absent in the literature. A unified view of all these transport processes is necessary, considering the laws of statistical physics and thermodynamics. A model of active ion transport was constructed based on the laws of statistical physics. Using this model, we traced the entire pathway of substances and energy in a plant. The pathway included aspects of the production of energy in the process of photosynthesis, consumption of energy to obtain nutrients from the soil, transport of such substances to the main organelles of all types of plant cells, the rise of water with dissolved substances along the trunk to the leaves, and the evaporation of water, accompanied by a change in the percentage of isotopes caused by different rates of evaporation. Models of ion transport in the chloroplasts and mitochondria of plant cells have been constructed. A generalized model comprising plant cells and their vacuoles was analyzed. A model of the transport of substances in the roots of plants was also developed. Based on this model, the problem of transport of substances in tall trees has been considered. The calculated concentrations of ions in the vacuoles of cells and resting potentials agreed well with the experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Melkikh
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zou Y, Zhang Y, Testerink C. Root dynamic growth strategies in response to salinity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:695-704. [PMID: 34716934 PMCID: PMC9298695 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing soil salinization largely impacts crop yield worldwide. To deal with salinity stress, plants exhibit an array of responses, including root system architecture remodelling. Here, we review recent progress in physiological, developmental and cellular mechanisms of root growth responses to salinity. Most recent research in modulation of root branching, root tropisms, as well as in root cell wall modifications under salinity stress, is discussed in the context of the contribution of these responses to overall plant performance. We highlight the power of natural variation approaches revealing novel potential pathways responsible for differences in root salt stress responses. Together, these new findings promote our understanding of how salt shapes the root phenotype, which may provide potential avenues for engineering crops with better yield and survival in saline soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Zou
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kohli PS, Maurya K, Thakur JK, Bhosale R, Giri J. Significance of root hairs in developing stress-resilient plants for sustainable crop production. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:677-694. [PMID: 34854103 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs represent a beneficial agronomic trait to potentially reduce fertilizer and irrigation inputs. Over the past decades, research in the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana has provided insights into root hair development, the underlying genetic framework and the integration of environmental cues within this framework. Recent years have seen a paradigm shift, where studies are now highlighting conservation and diversification of root hair developmental programs in other plant species and the agronomic relevance of root hairs in a wider ecological context. In this review, we specifically discuss the molecular evolution of the RSL (RHD Six-Like) pathway that controls root hair development and growth in land plants. We also discuss how root hairs contribute to plant performance as an active physiological rooting structure by performing resource acquisition, providing anchorage and constructing the rhizosphere with desirable physical, chemical and biological properties. Finally, we outline future research directions that can help achieve the potential of root hairs in developing sustainable agroecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanika Maurya
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Jitendra K Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- International Centre of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Bhosale
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Templalexis D, Tsitsekian D, Liu C, Daras G, Šimura J, Moschou P, Ljung K, Hatzopoulos P, Rigas S. Potassium transporter TRH1/KUP4 contributes to distinct auxin-mediated root system architecture responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1043-1060. [PMID: 34633458 PMCID: PMC8825323 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In plants, auxin transport and development are tightly coupled, just as hormone and growth responses are intimately linked in multicellular systems. Here we provide insights into uncoupling this tight control by specifically targeting the expression of TINY ROOT HAIR 1 (TRH1), a member of plant high-affinity potassium (K+)/K+ uptake/K+ transporter (HAK/KUP/KT) transporters that facilitate K+ uptake by co-transporting protons, in Arabidopsis root cell files. Use of this system pinpointed specific root developmental responses to acropetal versus basipetal auxin transport. Loss of TRH1 function shows TRHs and defective root gravitropism, associated with auxin imbalance in the root apex. Cell file-specific expression of TRH1 in the central cylinder rescued trh1 root agravitropism, whereas positional TRH1 expression in peripheral cell layers, including epidermis and cortex, restored trh1 defects. Applying a system-level approach, the role of RAP2.11 and ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE-LIKE 5 transcription factors (TFs) in root hair development was verified. Furthermore, ERF53 and WRKY51 TFs were overrepresented upon restoration of root gravitropism supporting involvement in gravitropic control. Auxin has a central role in shaping root system architecture by regulating multiple developmental processes. We reveal that TRH1 jointly modulates intracellular ionic gradients and cell-to-cell polar auxin transport to drive root epidermal cell differentiation and gravitropic response. Our results indicate the developmental importance of HAK/KUP/KT proton-coupled K+ transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Templalexis
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Dikran Tsitsekian
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala SE-756 61, Sweden
| | - Gerasimos Daras
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Jan Šimura
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Panagiotis Moschou
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala SE-756 61, Sweden
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion GR 70 013, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion GR 71 500, Greece
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå SE-901 83, Sweden
| | | | - Stamatis Rigas
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 118 55, Greece
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu Y, von Wirén N. Integration of nutrient and water availabilities via auxin into the root developmental program. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 65:102117. [PMID: 34624806 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In most soils, the spatial distribution of nutrients and water in the rooting zone of plants is heterogeneous and changes over time. To access localized resources more efficiently, plants induce foraging responses by modulating individual morphological root traits, such as the length of the primary root or the number and length of lateral roots. These adaptive responses require the integration of exogenous and endogenous nutrient- or water-related signals into the root developmental program. Recent studies corroborated a central role of auxin in shaping root architectural traits in response to fluctuating nutrient and water availabilities. In this review, we highlight current knowledge on nutrient- and water-related developmental processes that impact root foraging and involve auxin as a central player. A deeper understanding and exploitation of these auxin-related processes and mechanisms promises advances in crop breeding for higher resource efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ying S, Blancaflor EB, Liao F, Scheible W. A phosphorus-limitation induced, functionally conserved DUF506 protein is a repressor of root hair elongation in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1153-1171. [PMID: 34775627 PMCID: PMC9300206 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs (RHs) function in nutrient and water acquisition, root metabolite exudation, soil anchorage and plant-microbe interactions. Longer or more abundant RHs are potential breeding traits for developing crops that are more resource-use efficient and can improve soil health. While many genes are known to promote RH elongation, relatively little is known about genes and mechanisms that constrain RH growth. Here we demonstrate that a DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION 506 (DUF506) protein, AT3G25240, negatively regulates Arabidopsis thaliana RH growth. The AT3G25240 gene is strongly and specifically induced during phosphorus (P)-limitation. Mutants of this gene, which we call REPRESSOR OF EXCESSIVE ROOT HAIR ELONGATION 1 (RXR1), have much longer RHs, higher phosphate content and seedling biomass, while overexpression of the gene exhibits opposite phenotypes. Co-immunoprecipitation, pull-down and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analyses reveal that RXR1 physically interacts with a RabD2c GTPase in nucleus, and a rabd2c mutant phenocopies the rxr1 mutant. Furthermore, N-terminal variable region of RXR1 is crucial for inhibiting RH growth. Overexpression of a Brachypodium distachyon RXR1 homolog results in repression of RH elongation in Brachypodium. Taken together, our results reveal a novel DUF506-GTPase module with a prominent role in repression of plant RH elongation especially under P stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ying
- Noble Research Institute LLCArdmoreOK73401USA
- Present address:
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA
| | | | - Fuqi Liao
- Noble Research Institute LLCArdmoreOK73401USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
EIN3 and RSL4 interfere with an MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex to mediate ethylene-induced ectopic root hair formation in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2110004118. [PMID: 34916289 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110004118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The alternating cell specifications of root epidermis to form hair cells or nonhair cells in Arabidopsis are determined by the expression level of GL2, which is activated by an MYB-bHLH-WD40 (WER-GL3-TTG1) transcriptional complex. The phytohormone ethylene (ET) has a unique effect of inducing N-position epidermal cells to form root hairs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ET-induced ectopic root hair development remain enigmatic. Here, we show that ET promotes ectopic root hair formation through down-regulation of GL2 expression. ET-activated transcription factors EIN3 and its homolog EIL1 mediate this regulation. Molecular and biochemical analyses further revealed that EIN3 physically interacts with TTG1 and interferes with the interaction between TTG1 and GL3, resulting in reduced activation of GL2 by the WER-GL3-TTG1 complex. Furthermore, we found through genetic analysis that the master regulator of root hair elongation, RSL4, which is directly activated by EIN3, also participates in ET-induced ectopic root hair development. RSL4 negatively regulates the expression of GL2, likely through a mechanism similar to that of EIN3. Therefore, our work reveals that EIN3 may inhibit gene expression by affecting the formation of transcription-activating protein complexes and suggests an unexpected mutual inhibition between the hair elongation factor, RSL4, and the hair specification factor, GL2. Overall, this study provides a molecular framework for the integration of ET signaling and intrinsic root hair development pathway in modulating root epidermal cell specification.
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhao H, Wang Y, Zhao S, Fu Y, Zhu L. HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 24 mediates the conversion of indole-3-butyric acid to indole-3-acetic acid to promote root hair elongation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2057-2070. [PMID: 34480752 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a predominant form of active auxin in plants. In addition to de novo biosynthesis and release from its conjugate forms, IAA can be converted from its precursor indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The IBA-derived IAA may help drive root hair elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, but how the IBA-to-IAA conversion is regulated and affects IAA function requires further investigation. In this study, HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 24 (HB24), a transcription factor in the zinc finger-homeodomain family (ZF-HD family) of proteins, was identified. With loss of HB24 function, defective growth occurred in root hairs. INDOLE-3-BUTYRIC ACID RESPONSE 1 (IBR1), which encodes an enzyme involved in the IBA-to-IAA conversion, was identified as a direct target of HB24 for the control of root hair elongation. The exogenous IAA or auxin analogue 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) both rescued the root hair growth phenotype of hb24 mutants, but IBA did not, suggesting a role for HB24 in the IBA-to-IAA conversion. Therefore, HB24 participates in root hair elongation by upregulating the expression of IBR1 and subsequently promoting the IBA-to-IAA conversion. Moreover, IAA also elevated the expression of HB24, suggesting a feedback loop is involved in IBA-to-IAA conversion-mediated root hair elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Karlova R, Boer D, Hayes S, Testerink C. Root plasticity under abiotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1057-1070. [PMID: 34734279 PMCID: PMC8566202 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses increasingly threaten existing ecological and agricultural systems across the globe. Plant roots perceive these stresses in the soil and adapt their architecture accordingly. This review provides insights into recent discoveries showing the importance of root system architecture (RSA) and plasticity for the survival and development of plants under heat, cold, drought, salt, and flooding stress. In addition, we review the molecular regulation and hormonal pathways involved in controlling RSA plasticity, main root growth, branching and lateral root growth, root hair development, and formation of adventitious roots. Several stresses affect root anatomy by causing aerenchyma formation, lignin and suberin deposition, and Casparian strip modulation. Roots can also actively grow toward favorable soil conditions and avoid environments detrimental to their development. Recent advances in understanding the cellular mechanisms behind these different root tropisms are discussed. Understanding root plasticity will be instrumental for the development of crops that are resilient in the face of abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rumyana Karlova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Damian Boer
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Scott Hayes
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Han G, Li Y, Qiao Z, Wang C, Zhao Y, Guo J, Chen M, Wang B. Advances in the Regulation of Epidermal Cell Development by C2H2 Zinc Finger Proteins in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:754512. [PMID: 34630497 PMCID: PMC8497795 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.754512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant epidermal cells, such as trichomes, root hairs, salt glands, and stomata, play pivotal roles in the growth, development, and environmental adaptation of terrestrial plants. Cell fate determination, differentiation, and the formation of epidermal structures represent basic developmental processes in multicellular organisms. Increasing evidence indicates that C2H2 zinc finger proteins play important roles in regulating the development of epidermal structures in plants and plant adaptation to unfavorable environments. Here, we systematically summarize the molecular mechanism underlying the roles of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in controlling epidermal cell formation in plants, with an emphasis on trichomes, root hairs, and salt glands and their roles in plant adaptation to environmental stress. In addition, we discuss the possible roles of homologous C2H2 zinc finger proteins in trichome development in non-halophytes and salt gland development in halophytes based on bioinformatic analysis. This review provides a foundation for further study of epidermal cell development and abiotic stress responses in plants.
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu L, Jiang LG, Luo JH, Xia AA, Chen LQ, He Y. Genome-wide association study reveals the genetic architecture of root hair length in maize. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:664. [PMID: 34521344 PMCID: PMC8442424 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Root hair, a special type of tubular-shaped cell, outgrows from root epidermal cell and plays important roles in the acquisition of nutrients and water, as well as interactions with biotic and abiotic stress. Although many genes involved in root hair development have been identified, genetic basis of natural variation in root hair growth has never been explored. Results Here, we utilized a maize association panel including 281 inbred lines with tropical, subtropical, and temperate origins to decipher the phenotypic diversity and genetic basis of root hair length. We demonstrated significant associations of root hair length with many metabolic pathways and other agronomic traits. Combining root hair phenotypes with 1.25 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) via genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed several candidate genes implicated in cellular signaling, polar growth, disease resistance and various metabolic pathways. Conclusions These results illustrate the genetic basis of root hair length in maize, offering a list of candidate genes predictably contributing to root hair growth, which are invaluable resource for the future functional investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07961-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lu-Guang Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin-Hong Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ai-Ai Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li-Qun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Thibivilliers S, Libault M. Enhancing Our Understanding of Plant Cell-to-Cell Interactions Using Single-Cell Omics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:696811. [PMID: 34421948 PMCID: PMC8375048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.696811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants are composed of cells that physically interact and constantly adapt to their environment. To reveal the contribution of each plant cells to the biology of the entire organism, their molecular, morphological, and physiological attributes must be quantified and analyzed in the context of the morphology of the plant organs. The emergence of single-cell/nucleus omics technologies now allows plant biologists to access different modalities of individual cells including their epigenome and transcriptome to reveal the unique molecular properties of each cell composing the plant and their dynamic regulation during cell differentiation and in response to their environment. In this manuscript, we provide a perspective regarding the challenges and strategies to collect plant single-cell biological datasets and their analysis in the context of cellular interactions. As an example, we provide an analysis of the transcriptional regulation of the Arabidopsis genes controlling the differentiation of the root hair cells at the single-cell level. We also discuss the perspective of the use of spatial profiling to complement existing plant single-cell omics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Libault
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ye R, Wu Y, Gao Z, Chen H, Jia L, Li D, Li X, Qian Q, Qi Y. Primary root and root hair development regulation by OsAUX4 and its participation in the phosphate starvation response. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1555-1567. [PMID: 34110093 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Among the five members of AUX1/LAX genes coding for auxin carriers in rice, only OsAUX1 and OsAUX3 have been reported. To understand the function of the other AUX1/LAX genes, two independent alleles of osaux4 mutants, osaux4-1 and osaux4-2, were constructed using the CRISPR/Cas9 editing system. Homozygous osaux4-1 or osaux4-2 exhibited shorter primary root (PR) and longer root hair (RH) compared to the wild-type Dongjin (WT/DJ), and lost response to indoleacetic acid (IAA) treatment. OsAUX4 is intensively expressed in roots and localized on the plasma membrane, suggesting that OsAUX4 might function in the regulation of root development. The decreased meristem cell division activity and the downregulated expression of cell cycle genes in root apices of osaux4 mutants supported the hypothesis that OsAUX4 positively regulates PR elongation. OsAUX4 is expressed in RH, and osaux4 mutants showing longer RH compared to WT/DJ implies that OsAUX4 negatively regulates RH development. Furthermore, osaux4 mutants are insensitive to Pi starvation (-Pi) and OsAUX4 effects on the -Pi response is associated with altered expression levels of Pi starvation-regulated genes, and auxin distribution/contents. This study revealed that OsAUX4 not only regulates PR and RH development but also plays a regulatory role in crosstalk between auxin and -Pi signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rigui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Yunrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lixia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Xugang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong, Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kaufmann C, Stührwohldt N, Sauter M. Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-dependent and -independent regulation of root development and signaling by PSK LRR receptor kinases in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5508-5521. [PMID: 34028532 PMCID: PMC8318253 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine-sulfated peptides are key regulators of plant growth and development. The disulfated pentapeptide phytosulfokine (PSK) mediates growth via leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases, PSKR1 and PSKR2. PSK receptors (PSKRs) are part of a response module at the plasma membrane that mediates short-term growth responses, but downstream signaling of transcriptional regulation remains unexplored. In Arabidopsis, tyrosine sulfation is catalyzed by a single-copy gene (TPST; encoding tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase). We performed a microarray-based transcriptome analysis in the tpst-1 mutant background that lacks sulfated peptides to identify PSK-regulated genes and genes that are regulated by other sulfated peptides. Of the 169 PSK-regulated genes, several had functions in root growth and development, in agreement with shorter roots and a higher lateral root density in tpst-1. Further, tpst-1 roots developed higher numbers of root hairs, and PSK induced expression of WEREWOLF (WER), its paralog MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN 23 (MYB23), and At1g66800 that maintain non-hair cell fate. The tpst-1 pskr1-3 pskr2-1 mutant showed even shorter roots, and higher lateral root and root hair density than tpst-1, revealing unexpected synergistic effects of ligand and PSKR deficiencies. While residual activities may exist, overexpression of PSKR1 in the tpst-1 background induced root growth, suggesting that PSKR1 may be active in the absence of sulfated ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kaufmann
- Plant Developmental Biology and Physiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nils Stührwohldt
- Plant Developmental Biology and Physiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Margret Sauter
- Plant Developmental Biology and Physiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu Y, Yu LL, Peng Y, Geng XX, Xu F. Alternative Oxidase Inhibition Impairs Tobacco Root Development and Root Hair Formation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:664792. [PMID: 34249036 PMCID: PMC8264555 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.664792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) is the terminal oxidase of the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain in plant cells and is critical for the balance of mitochondrial hemostasis. In this study, the effect of inhibition of AOX with different concentrations of salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) on the tobacco root development was investigated. We show here that AOX inhibition significantly impaired the development of the main root and root hair formation of tobacco. The length of the main root of SHAM-treated tobacco was significantly shorter than that of the control, and no root hairs were formed after treatment with a concentration of 1 mM SHAM or more. The transcriptome analysis showed that AOX inhibition by 1 mM SHAM involved in the regulation of gene expression related to root architecture. A total of 5,855 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by comparing SHAM-treated roots with control. Of these, the gene expression related to auxin biosynthesis and perception were significantly downregulated by 1 mM SHAM. Similarly, genes related to cell wall loosening, cell cycle, and root meristem growth factor 1 (RGF1) also showed downregulation on SHAM treatment. Moreover, combined with the results of physiological measurements, the transcriptome analysis demonstrated that AOX inhibition resulted in excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species in roots, which further induced oxidative damage and cell apoptosis. It is worth noting that when indoleacetic acid (20 nM) and dimethylthiourea (10 mM) were added to the medium containing SHAM, the defects of tobacco root development were alleviated, but to a limited extent. Together, these findings indicated that AOX-mediated respiratory pathway plays a crucial role in the tobacco root development, including root hair formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Applied Biotechnology Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Lu Yu
- Applied Biotechnology Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Applied Biotechnology Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
- Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xin-Xin Geng
- Applied Biotechnology Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Applied Biotechnology Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hendel E, Bacher H, Oksenberg A, Walia H, Schwartz N, Peleg Z. Deciphering the genetic basis of wheat seminal root anatomy uncovers ancestral axial conductance alleles. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1921-1934. [PMID: 33629405 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Root axial conductance, which describes the ability of water to move through the xylem, contributes to the rate of water uptake from the soil throughout the whole plant lifecycle. Under the rainfed wheat agro-system, grain-filling is typically occurring during declining water availability (i.e., terminal drought). Therefore, preserving soil water moisture during grain filling could serve as a key adaptive trait. We hypothesized that lower wheat root axial conductance can promote higher yields under terminal drought. A segregating population derived from a cross between durum wheat and its direct progenitor wild emmer wheat was used to underpin the genetic basis of seminal root architectural and functional traits. We detected 75 QTL associated with seminal roots morphological, anatomical and physiological traits, with several hotspots harbouring co-localized QTL. We further validated the axial conductance and central metaxylem QTL using wild introgression lines. Field-based characterization of genotypes with contrasting axial conductance suggested the contribution of low axial conductance as a mechanism for water conservation during grain filling and consequent increase in grain size and yield. Our findings underscore the potential of harnessing wild alleles to reshape the wheat root system architecture and associated hydraulic properties for greater adaptability under changing climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisha Hendel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- The Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Harel Bacher
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Adi Oksenberg
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Harkamal Walia
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Nimrod Schwartz
- The Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zvi Peleg
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xu X, Smaczniak C, Muino JM, Kaufmann K. Cell identity specification in plants: lessons from flower development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4202-4217. [PMID: 33865238 PMCID: PMC8163053 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms display a fascinating complexity of cellular identities and patterns of diversification. The concept of 'cell type' aims to describe and categorize this complexity. In this review, we discuss the traditional concept of cell types and highlight the impact of single-cell technologies and spatial omics on the understanding of cellular differentiation in plants. We summarize and compare position-based and lineage-based mechanisms of cell identity specification using flower development as a model system. More than understanding ontogenetic origins of differentiated cells, an important question in plant science is to understand their position- and developmental stage-specific heterogeneity. Combinatorial action and crosstalk of external and internal signals is the key to cellular heterogeneity, often converging on transcription factors that orchestrate gene expression programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocai Xu
- Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cezary Smaczniak
- Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jose M Muino
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulation, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kaufmann
- Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xiao F, Gong Q, Zhao S, Lin H, Zhou H. MYB30 and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 antagonistically modulate root hair growth in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:480-492. [PMID: 33529413 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Root hair (RH) is essential for plant nutrient acquisition and the plant-environment communication. Here we report that transcription factors MYB30 and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) modulate RH growth/elongation in Arabidopsis in an antagonistic way. The MYB30 loss-of-function mutant displays enhanced RH length, whereas the RH elongation in MYB30-overexpressing plants is highly repressed. MYB30 physically interacts with EIN3, a master transcription factor in ethylene signaling. MYB30 directly binds the promoter region of ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE SIX-LIKE4 (RSL4) and represses its transcription. RSL4 loss-of-function suppresses the enhanced RH growth in myb30 mutant plants. Ethylene enhances MYB30-EIN3 complex formation, and reduces the association between MYB30 and RSL4 promotor via the action of EIN3. MYB30 and EIN3 antagonistically regulate the expression of RSL4 and a subset of core RH genes in a genome-wide way. Taken together, our work revealed a novel transcriptional network that modulates RH growth in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Qianyuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Huapeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Farmer A, Thibivilliers S, Ryu KH, Schiefelbein J, Libault M. Single-nucleus RNA and ATAC sequencing reveals the impact of chromatin accessibility on gene expression in Arabidopsis roots at the single-cell level. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:372-383. [PMID: 33422696 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Similar to other complex organisms, plants consist of diverse and specialized cell types. The gain of unique biological functions of these different cell types is the consequence of the establishment of cell-type-specific transcriptional programs. As a necessary step in gaining a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling plant gene expression, we report the use of single-nucleus RNA sequencing (sNucRNA-seq) and single-nucleus assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (sNucATAC-seq) technologies on Arabidopsis roots. The comparison of our single-nucleus transcriptomes to the published protoplast transcriptomes validated the use of nuclei as biological entities to establish plant cell-type-specific transcriptomes. Furthermore, our sNucRNA-seq results uncovered the transcriptomes of additional cell subtypes not identified by single-cell RNA-seq. Similar to our transcriptomic approach, the sNucATAC-seq approach led to the distribution of the Arabidopsis nuclei into distinct clusters, suggesting the differential accessibility of chromatin between groups of cells according to their identity. To reveal the impact of chromatin accessibility on gene expression, we integrated sNucRNA-seq and sNucATAC-seq data and demonstrated that cell-type-specific marker genes display cell-type-specific patterns of chromatin accessibility. Our data suggest that the differential chromatin accessibility is a critical mechanism to regulate gene activity at the cell-type level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA
| | - Sandra Thibivilliers
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA
| | - Kook Hui Ryu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John Schiefelbein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marc Libault
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Okada K, Kubota Y, Hirase T, Otani K, Goh T, Hiruma K, Saijo Y. Uncoupling root hair formation and defence activation from growth inhibition in response to damage-associated Pep peptides in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2844-2858. [PMID: 33131060 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, PROPEPs and their derived elicitor-active Pep epitopes provide damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which trigger defence responses through cell-surface receptors PEPR1 and PEPR2. In addition, Pep peptides induce root growth inhibition and root hair formation, however their relationships and coordinating mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we reveal that Pep1-mediated root hair formation requires PEPR-associated kinases BAK1/BKK1 and BIK1/PBL1, ethylene, auxin and root hair differentiation regulators, in addition to PEPR2. Our analysis on 69 accessions unravels intraspecies variations in Pep1-induced root hair formation and growth inhibition. The absence of a positive correlation between the two traits suggests their separate regulation and diversification in natural populations of A. thaliana. Restricted PEPR2 expression to certain root tissues is sufficient to induce root hair formation and growth inhibition in response to Pep1, indicating the capacity of non-cell-autonomous receptor signalling in different root tissues. Of particular note, root hair cell-specific PEPR2 expression uncouples defence activation from root growth inhibition and root hair formation, suggesting a unique property of root hairs in root defence activation following Pep1 recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Okada
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yuki Kubota
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Taishi Hirase
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Koichi Otani
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Goh
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kei Hiruma
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saijo
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Siddiqui MN, Léon J, Naz AA, Ballvora A. Genetics and genomics of root system variation in adaptation to drought stress in cereal crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1007-1019. [PMID: 33096558 PMCID: PMC7904151 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cereals are important crops worldwide that help meet food demands and nutritional needs. In recent years, cereal production has been challenged globally by frequent droughts and hot spells. A plant's root is the most relevant organ for the plant adaptation to stress conditions, playing pivotal roles in anchorage and the acquisition of soil-based resources. Thus, dissecting root system variations and trait selection for enhancing yield and sustainability under drought stress conditions should aid in future global food security. This review highlights the variations in root system attributes and their interplay with shoot architecture features to face water scarcity and maintain thus yield of major cereal crops. Further, we compile the root-related drought responsive quantitative trait loci/genes in cereal crops including their interspecies relationships using microsynteny to facilitate comparative genomic analyses. We then discuss the potential of an integrated strategy combining genomics and phenomics at genetic and epigenetic levels to explore natural genetic diversity as a basis for knowledge-based genome editing. Finally, we present an outline to establish innovative breeding leads for the rapid and optimized selection of root traits necessary to develop resilient crop varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Nurealam Siddiqui
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) – Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Jens Léon
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) – Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ali A Naz
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) – Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Agim Ballvora
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) – Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Retzer K, Weckwerth W. The TOR-Auxin Connection Upstream of Root Hair Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:150. [PMID: 33451169 PMCID: PMC7828656 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth and productivity are orchestrated by a network of signaling cascades involved in balancing responses to perceived environmental changes with resource availability. Vascular plants are divided into the shoot, an aboveground organ where sugar is synthesized, and the underground located root. Continuous growth requires the generation of energy in the form of carbohydrates in the leaves upon photosynthesis and uptake of nutrients and water through root hairs. Root hair outgrowth depends on the overall condition of the plant and its energy level must be high enough to maintain root growth. TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR)-mediated signaling cascades serve as a hub to evaluate which resources are needed to respond to external stimuli and which are available to maintain proper plant adaptation. Root hair growth further requires appropriate distribution of the phytohormone auxin, which primes root hair cell fate and triggers root hair elongation. Auxin is transported in an active, directed manner by a plasma membrane located carrier. The auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED 2 is necessary to transport auxin to root hair cells, followed by subcellular rearrangements involved in root hair outgrowth. This review presents an overview of events upstream and downstream of PIN2 action, which are involved in root hair growth control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Retzer
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria;
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Quandahor P, Gou Y, Lin C, Coulter JA, Liu C. Comparison of root tolerance to drought and aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) resistance among different potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars. Sci Rep 2021; 11:628. [PMID: 33436688 PMCID: PMC7804153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the root system architecture and biochemical responses of three potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars to drought and aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation under greenhouse conditions. A factorial experiment comprising three potato cultivars (Qingshu 9, Longshu 3, and Atlantic), two levels of water (Well watered and drought) application and aphid infestation (Aphids and no aphids) was conducted. The results show that drought stress and aphid infestation significantly increased the root-projected area, root surface area, number of root tips, and number of root forks of all cultivars, relative to their corresponding control plants. The least root projected area, root surface area, number of root tips, and number of root forks occurred on DXY under both drought and aphid infestation. Nevertheless, the greatest root projected area, root surface area, number of root tips and number of root forks occurred on QS9 plants. Moreover, increased SOD, CAT, and POD activities were observed across all cultivars, under drought and aphid stress. The highest SOD, POD, and CAT activities occurred in QS9; under drought and aphid stress, while the least SOD, POD, and CAT activities was observed in DXY. The Atlantic cultivar, which possesses a root system sensitive to water deficit, demonstrated greater resistance to aphid infestation under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. Conversely, Qingshu 9, which possesses a root system tolerant to water deficit, was highly susceptible to aphids. This study shows that the root architectural and biochemical traits that enhance potato tolerance to drought do not necessarily correlate to a plant's tolerance to aphids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Quandahor
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Gou
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jeffrey A Coulter
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Changzhong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|