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Benyamini P. Phylogenetic Tracing of Evolutionarily Conserved Zonula Occludens Toxin Reveals a "High Value" Vaccine Candidate Specific for Treating Multi-Strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:271. [PMID: 38922165 PMCID: PMC11209546 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16060271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are emerging as a significant threat associated with adverse patient outcomes. Due to this organism's inherent properties of developing antibiotic resistance, we sought to investigate alternative strategies such as identifying "high value" antigens for immunotherapy-based purposes. Through extensive database mining, we discovered that numerous Gram-negative bacterial (GNB) genomes, many of which are known multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, including P. aeruginosa, horizontally acquired the evolutionarily conserved gene encoding Zonula occludens toxin (Zot) with a substantial degree of homology. The toxin's genomic footprint among so many different GNB stresses its evolutionary importance. By employing in silico techniques such as proteomic-based phylogenetic tracing, in conjunction with comparative structural modeling, we discovered a highly conserved intermembrane associated stretch of 70 amino acids shared among all the GNB strains analyzed. The characterization of our newly identified antigen reveals it to be a "high value" vaccine candidate specific for P. aeruginosa. This newly identified antigen harbors multiple non-overlapping B- and T-cell epitopes exhibiting very high binding affinities and can adopt identical tertiary structures among the least genetically homologous P. aeruginosa strains. Taken together, using proteomic-driven reverse vaccinology techniques, we identified multiple "high value" vaccine candidates capable of eliciting a polarized immune response against all the P. aeruginosa genetic variants tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Benyamini
- Department of Health Sciences at Extension, University of California Los Angeles, 1145 Gayley Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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Huang ZQ, Liu J, Sun LY, Ong HH, Ye J, Xu Y, Wang DY. Updated epithelial barrier dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis: Targeting pathophysiology and treatment response of tight junctions. Allergy 2024; 79:1146-1165. [PMID: 38372149 DOI: 10.1111/all.16064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) proteins establish a physical barrier between epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by safeguarding host tissues against pathogens, allergens, antigens, irritants, etc. Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that abnormal expression of TJs plays an essential role in the development and progression of inflammatory airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyps. Among them, CRS with nasal polyps is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that affects the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, leading to a poor prognosis and significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Its pathogenesis primarily involves dysfunction of the nasal epithelial barrier, impaired mucociliary clearance, disordered immune response, and excessive tissue remodeling. Numerous studies have elucidated the pivotal role of TJs in both the pathogenesis and response to traditional therapies in CRS. We therefore to review and discuss potential factors contributing to impair and repair of TJs in the nasal epithelium based on their structure, function, and formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Huang ZQ, Zhou XM, Yuan T, Liu J, Ong HH, Sun LY, Tu JH, Li MY, Thong KTM, Ye J, Shi L, Wang DY, Xu Y. Epithelial Tight Junction Anomalies in Nasal Inverted Papilloma. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:552-561. [PMID: 37345652 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As a critical component of the epithelial barrier, tight junctions (TJs) are essential in nasal mucosa against pathogen invasion. However, the function of TJs has rarely been reported in nasal inverted papilloma (NIP). This study aims to investigate the potential factors of TJs' abnormality in NIP. METHODS We assessed the expression of ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1, claudin-3, and claudin-7 in healthy controls and NIP by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescent staining. The correlation between TJs expression and neutrophil count, TH 1/TH 2/TH 17 and regulatory T cell biomarkers, and the proportion of nasal epithelial cells was investigated. RESULTS Upregulation of ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-7, along with downregulation of claudin-3, was found in NIP compared to control (all p < 0.05). An abnormal proportion with a lower number of ciliated cells (control vs. NIP: 37.60 vs. 8.67) and goblet cells (12.52 vs. 0.33) together with a higher number of basal cells (45.58 vs. 124.00) in NIP. Meanwhile, claudin-3 was positively correlated with ciliated and goblet cells (all p < 0.01). Additionally, neutrophils were excessively infiltrated in NIP, negatively correlated with ZO-1, but positively with claudin-3 (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, FOXP3, IL-10, TGF-β1, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-22 levels were induced in NIP (all p < 0.01). Occludin level was negatively correlated with IL-10, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-22, whereas ZO-1 was positively with TGF-β1 (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nasal epithelial barrier dysfunction with TJs anomalies is commonly associated with abnormal proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells and imbalance of immune and inflammatory patterns in NIP. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 134:552-561, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiang-Min Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hsiao H Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Hao Tu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meng-Yue Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Changji Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Changji, China
| | - Kim T M Thong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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4
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Rademeyer KM, R Nass S, Jones AM, Ohene-Nyako M, Hauser KF, McRae M. Fentanyl dysregulates neuroinflammation and disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity in HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice. J Neurovirol 2024; 30:1-21. [PMID: 38280928 PMCID: PMC11232468 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Opioid overdose deaths have dramatically increased by 781% from 1999 to 2021. In the setting of HIV, opioid drug abuse exacerbates neurotoxic effects of HIV in the brain, as opioids enhance viral replication, promote neuronal dysfunction and injury, and dysregulate an already compromised inflammatory response. Despite the rise in fentanyl abuse and the close association between opioid abuse and HIV infection, the interactive comorbidity between fentanyl abuse and HIV has yet to be examined in vivo. The HIV-1 Tat-transgenic mouse model was used to understand the interactive effects between fentanyl and HIV. Tat is an essential protein produced during HIV that drives the transcription of new virions and exerts neurotoxic effects within the brain. The Tat-transgenic mouse model uses a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-driven tetracycline promoter which limits Tat production to the brain and this model is well used for examining mechanisms related to neuroHIV. After 7 days of fentanyl exposure, brains were harvested. Tight junction proteins, the vascular cell adhesion molecule, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β were measured to examine the integrity of the blood brain barrier. The immune response was assessed using a mouse-specific multiplex chemokine assay. For the first time in vivo, we demonstrate that fentanyl by itself can severely disrupt the blood-brain barrier and dysregulate the immune response. In addition, we reveal associations between inflammatory markers and tight junction proteins at the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M Rademeyer
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, U.S.A
| | - Sara R Nass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, U.S.A
| | - Austin M Jones
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, U.S.A
| | - Michael Ohene-Nyako
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, U.S.A
| | - Kurt F Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, U.S.A
| | - MaryPeace McRae
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, U.S.A..
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5
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Wibbe N, Ebnet K. Cell Adhesion at the Tight Junctions: New Aspects and New Functions. Cells 2023; 12:2701. [PMID: 38067129 PMCID: PMC10706136 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJ) are cell-cell adhesive structures that define the permeability of barrier-forming epithelia and endothelia. In contrast to this seemingly static function, TJs display a surprisingly high molecular complexity and unexpected dynamic regulation, which allows the TJs to maintain a barrier in the presence of physiological forces and in response to perturbations. Cell-cell adhesion receptors play key roles during the dynamic regulation of TJs. They connect individual cells within cellular sheets and link sites of cell-cell contacts to the underlying actin cytoskeleton. Recent findings support the roles of adhesion receptors in transmitting mechanical forces and promoting phase separation. In this review, we discuss the newly discovered functions of cell adhesion receptors localized at the TJs and their role in the regulation of the barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolina Wibbe
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, D-48419 Münster, Germany
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6
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Vaswani CM, Varkouhi AK, Gupta S, Ektesabi AM, Tsoporis JN, Yousef S, Plant PJ, da Silva AL, Cen Y, Tseng YC, Batah SS, Fabro AT, Advani SL, Advani A, Leong-Poi H, Marshall JC, Garcia CC, Rocco PRM, Albaiceta GM, Sebastian-Bolz S, Watts TH, Moraes TJ, Capelozzi VL, Dos Santos CC. Preventing occludin tight-junction disruption via inhibition of microRNA-193b-5p attenuates viral load and influenza-induced lung injury. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2681-2701. [PMID: 37340634 PMCID: PMC10491994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-induced lung injury is associated with loss of pulmonary epithelial-endothelial tight junction integrity. While the alveolar-capillary membrane may be an indirect target of injury, viruses may interact directly and/or indirectly with miRs to augment their replication potential and evade the host antiviral defense system. Here, we expose how the influenza virus (H1N1) capitalizes on host-derived interferon-induced, microRNA (miR)-193b-5p to target occludin and compromise antiviral defenses. Lung biopsies from patients infected with H1N1 revealed increased miR-193b-5p levels, marked reduction in occludin protein, and disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier. In C57BL/6 mice, the expression of miR-193b-5p increased, and occludin decreased, 5-6 days post-infection with influenza (PR8). Inhibition of miR-193b-5p in primary human bronchial, pulmonary microvascular, and nasal epithelial cells enhanced antiviral responses. miR-193b-deficient mice were resistant to PR8. Knockdown of occludin, both in vitro and in vivo, and overexpression of miR-193b-5p reconstituted susceptibility to viral infection. miR-193b-5p inhibitor mitigated loss of occludin, improved viral clearance, reduced lung edema, and augmented survival in infected mice. Our results elucidate how the innate immune system may be exploited by the influenza virus and how strategies that prevent loss of occludin and preserve tight junction function may limit susceptibility to virus-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag M Vaswani
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amir K Varkouhi
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sahil Gupta
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Amin M Ektesabi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James N Tsoporis
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sadiya Yousef
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela J Plant
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adriana L da Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; COVID-19 Virus Network from Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development, and Foundation Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yuchen Cen
- Program in Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yi-Chieh Tseng
- Program in Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sabrina S Batah
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre T Fabro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzanne L Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Howard Leong-Poi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John C Marshall
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cristiana C Garcia
- Laboratory of Respiratory, Exanthematic Viruses, Enterovirus and Viral Emergencies, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Integrated Research Group on Biomarkers. René Rachou Institute, FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; COVID-19 Virus Network from Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development, and Foundation Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guillermo M Albaiceta
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Steffen Sebastian-Bolz
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tania H Watts
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Program in Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics University of Toronto and Respirology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vera L Capelozzi
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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7
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Nyimanu D, Behm C, Choudhury S, Yu ASL. The role of claudin-2 in kidney function and dysfunction. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1437-1445. [PMID: 37387353 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-2 is a tight junction protein expressed in leaky epithelia where it forms paracellular pores permeable to cations and water. The paracellular pore formed by claudin-2 is important in energy-efficient cation and water transport in the proximal tubules of the kidneys. Mounting evidence now suggests that claudin-2 may modulate cellular processes often altered in disease, including cellular proliferation. Also, dysregulation of claudin-2 expression has been linked to various diseases, including kidney stone disease and renal cell carcinoma. However, the mechanisms linking altered claudin-2 expression and function to disease are poorly understood and require further investigation. The aim of this review is to discuss the current understanding of the role of claudin-2 in kidney function and dysfunction. We provide a general overview of the claudins and their organization in the tight junction, the expression, and function of claudin-2 in the kidney, and the evolving evidence for its role in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duuamene Nyimanu
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Christine Behm
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Sonali Choudhury
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Alan S L Yu
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
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Arabi TZ, Algheryafi LA, Alodah NA, Enabi HMK, Alshehry AA, Ouban A. Aberrant Expression of Claudins in Head and Neck Carcinomas and Their Prognostic and Therapeutic Value: A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4208. [PMID: 37686483 PMCID: PMC10486703 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck carcinomas have been associated with poor prognosis. Recent studies have highlighted the role of claudins' expression in tumors throughout the body, and their prognostic and therapeutic role. Understanding the role of claudins and how their expression affects the progression of carcinomas in the head and neck region may allow for advances in the prognosis and management of this type of cancer. Several studies have highlighted the aberrant expression of the proteins in carcinomas in this region. Specifically, the overexpression of claudin-1 and downregulation of claudins-4, -7, and -17 have been linked with poor survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. In laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, increased levels of claudins-1 and reduced levels of claudins-3, -8, and -11 have been linked with poor outcomes. Targeting these proteins has shown promising outcomes as therapeutic in preclinical studies. However, studies remain extremely limited in nasal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas. In this review, we survey the available literature describing the aberrant expression of various claudins in carcinomas in this region, while highlighting their potential prognostic and therapeutic value. Then, we describe some molecular mechanisms involved in the aberrant expression of claudins and how they can be utilized as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Ziad Arabi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nora A Alodah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Abderrahman Ouban
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Ouban A, Arabi TZ. Expression of Claudins in Preneoplastic Conditions of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4095. [PMID: 37627123 PMCID: PMC10452390 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Premalignant lesions of the gastrointestinal tract are a group of disorders which act as the harbinger of malignant tumors. They are the ground-zero of neoplastic transformation, and their identification and management offer patients the best opportunity of blocking the progress of cancer. However, diagnoses of some of these conditions are hard to make, and their clinical importance is difficult to assess. Recent reports indicated that several claudin proteins have altered expressions in many cancers, including esophageal, gastric, colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers. The early identification of the aberrant expression of these proteins could lead to the early diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal tumors. Specifically, claudins -1, -2, -3, -4, and -18 are frequently overexpressed in gastrointestinal preneoplastic lesions. These altered expressions have shown clinical value in several tumors, providing diagnostic and prognostic information. In this article, we review the literature on the aberrant expression of claudins in preneoplastic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, we summarize their diagnostic and prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahman Ouban
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tarek Ziad Arabi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
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10
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CZUBAK-PROWIZOR KAMILA, SWIATKOWSKA MARIA. Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) in gynecological cancers: Current state of knowledge. BIOCELL 2023. [DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2023.025677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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11
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Kohno T, Kojima T. Atypical Macropinocytosis Contributes to Malignant Progression: A Review of Recent Evidence in Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205056. [PMID: 36291839 PMCID: PMC9599675 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A novel type of macropinocytosis has been identified as a trigger for the malignant progression of endometrial cancer. Transiently reducing epithelial barrier homeostasis leads to macropinocytosis by splitting between adjacent cells in endometrioid endometrial cancer. Macropinocytosis causes morphological changes in well-differentiated to poorly differentiated cancer cells. Inhibition of macropinocytosis promotes a persistent dormant state in the intrinsic KRAS-mutated cancer cell line Sawano. This review focuses on the mechanisms of atypical macropinocytosis and its effects on cellular function, and it describes the physiological processes involved in inducing resting conditions in endometrioid endometrial cancer cells. Abstract Macropinocytosis is an essential mechanism for the non-specific uptake of extracellular fluids and solutes. In recent years, additional functions have been identified in macropinocytosis, such as the intracellular introduction pathway of drugs, bacterial and viral infection pathways, and nutritional supplement pathway of cancer cells. However, little is known about the changes in cell function after macropinocytosis. Recently, it has been reported that macropinocytosis is essential for endometrial cancer cells to initiate malignant progression in a dormant state. Macropinocytosis is formed by a temporary split of adjacent bicellular junctions of epithelial sheets, rather than from the apical surface or basal membrane, as a result of the transient reduction of tight junction homeostasis. This novel type of macropinocytosis has been suggested to be associated with the malignant pathology of endometriosis and endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. This review outlines the induction of malignant progression of endometrial cancer cells by macropinocytosis based on a new mechanism and the potential preventive mechanism of its malignant progression.
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12
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Yao W, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Wen Y, Yang R, Dong J, Zhang X, Hua Y, Ji P, Wei Y. Pathological mechanism of intestinal mucosal barrier injury of large intestine dampness-heat syndrome rats and the protective effect of Yujin powder. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:485-496. [PMID: 36156378 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Large intestine dampness-heat syndrome (LIDHS) is frequently-occurring in the inflammatory intestinal disease of animals and human. Yujin powder (YJP) is a classical prescription for treating LIDHS. To explore the pathological mechanism of intestinal mucosal barrier injury of LIDHS and the protection of YJP, the LIDHS rat model was established through imitating the inducing conditions of LIDHS and treated with YJP. The integrity of ileal and colonic mucosa was detected through histopathological examination. The serum DAO, D-LA and ET levels were detected by ELISA. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Occludin, ZO-1 and MUC2 in ileum and colon were detected using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry methods, respectively. The results showed that the ileal and colonic epithelium of LIDHS rats were destroyed; the serum DAO, D-LA and ET levels were significantly increased; the mRNA and protein expression levels of Occludin, ZO-1 and MUC2 in ileum and colon were all abnormally expressed. After treatment with YJP, the mucosal integrity was restored; the levels of serum DAO, D-LA and ET, mRNA and protein levels of Occludin and ZO-1 in ileum and colon and MUC2 in ileum were back-regulated; however, MUC2 level in colon was further increased. The results demonstrated that the intestinal mucosal barrier was damaged in LIDHS rats and Occludin, ZO-1 and MUC2 were abnormally expressed, and YJP could repair the intestinal mucosal barrier through up-regulating the expression of Occludin and ZO-1 in ileum and colon as well as MUC2 in colon and down-regulating MUC2 in ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Wangdong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Yanqiao Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Rong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Jiaqi Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Yongli Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Peng Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Yanming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China.
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13
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Wang MY, Zhang Y, Tong YX, Guo PT, Zhang J, Wang CK, Gao YY. Effects of lutein on jejunal mucosal barrier function and inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-challenged yellow-feather broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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14
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Zhao X, Sun P, Liu M, Liu S, Huo L, Ding Z, Liu M, Wang S, Lv C, Wu H, Yang L, Liang A. Deoxynivalenol exposure inhibits biosynthesis of milk fat and protein by impairing tight junction in bovine mammary epithelial cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 237:113504. [PMID: 35447471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common feed contaminants, and it poses a serious threat to the health of dairy cows. The existing studies of biological toxicity of DON mainly focus on the proliferation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells, while its toxicity on the biosynthesis of milk components has not been well documented. Hence, we investigated the toxic effects and the underlying mechanism of DON on the bovine mammary alveolar cells (MAC-T). Our results showed that exposure to various concentrations of DON significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and altered the cell morphology which was manifested by cell distortion and shrinkage. Moreover, the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values of MAC-T cells exposed to DON were gradually decreased in a time- and concentration- dependent manner, but lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was significantly increased with the maximum increase of 2.4-fold, indicating the cell membrane and tight junctions were damaged by DON. Importantly, DON significantly reduced the synthesis of β-casein and lipid droplets, along with the significantly decreases of phospho-mTOR, phospho-4EBP1, phospho-JAK2, and phospho-STAT5. Gene expression profiles showed that the expressions of several genes related to lipid synthesis and metabolism were changed, including acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2), fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1), and insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in ribosome, glutathione metabolism, and lipid biosynthetic process, which play important roles in the toxicological process induced by DON. Taken together, DON affects the proliferation and functional differentiation of MAC-T cells, which might be related to the cell junction disruption and morphological alteration. Our data provide new insights into functional differentiation and transcriptomic alterations of MAC-T cells after DON exposure, which contributes to a comprehensive understanding of DON-induced toxicity mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Peihao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Mingxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shuanghang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Lijun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhiming Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ce Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hanxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Liguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Aixin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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15
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Simonin JL, Luscher A, Losa D, Badaoui M, van Delden C, Köhler T, Chanson M. Surface Hydration Protects Cystic Fibrosis Airways from Infection by Restoring Junctional Networks. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091587. [PMID: 35563895 PMCID: PMC9105190 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective hydration of airway surface mucosa is associated with recurrent lung infection in cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease caused by CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations. Whether the composition and/or presence of an airway surface liquid (ASL) is sufficient to prevent infection remains unclear. The susceptibility to infection of polarized wild type and CFTR knockdown (CFTR-KD) airway epithelial cells was determined in the presence or absence of a healthy ASL or physiological saline. CFTR-KD epithelia exhibited strong ASL volume reduction, enhanced susceptibility to infection, and reduced junctional integrity. Interestingly, the presence of an apical physiological saline alleviated disruption of the airway epithelial barrier by stimulating essential junctional protein expression. Thus, rehydrated CFTR-KD cells were protected from infection despite normally intense bacterial growth. This study indicates that an epithelial integrity gatekeeper is modulated by the presence of an apical liquid volume, irrespective of the liquid's composition and of expression of a functional CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette L. Simonin
- Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.L.S.); (D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Alexandre Luscher
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.v.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Davide Losa
- Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.L.S.); (D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Mehdi Badaoui
- Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.L.S.); (D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Christian van Delden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.v.D.); (T.K.)
- Department of Medicine Specialties, Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Köhler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.v.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Marc Chanson
- Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.L.S.); (D.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +41-22-37-95-206
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16
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Xu H, Lin C, Li T, Zhu Y, Yang J, Chen S, Chen J, Chen X, Chen Y, Guo A, Hu C. N 6-Methyladenosine-Modified circRNA in the Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Injured by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Front Immunol 2022; 13:873330. [PMID: 35444650 PMCID: PMC9014013 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a common disease that hinders the development of dairy industry and animal husbandry. It leads to the abuse of antibiotics and the emergence of super drug-resistant bacteria, and poses a great threat to human food health and safety. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are the most common pathogens of mastitis in dairy cows and usually cause subclinical or clinical mastitis. CircRNAs and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) play important roles in immunological diseases. However, the mechanisms by which m6A modifies circRNA in bovine mammary epithelial cells remain poorly understood. The aim of our study was to investigate m6A-modified circRNAs in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T cells) injured by S. aureus and E. coli. The profile of m6A-modified circRNA showed a total of 1,599 m6A peaks within 1,035 circRNAs in the control group, 35 peaks within 32 circRNAs in the S. aureus group, and 1,016 peaks within 728 circRNAs in the E. coli group. Compared with the control group, 67 peaks within 63 circRNAs were significantly different in the S. aureus group, and 192 peaks within 137 circRNAs were significantly different in the E. coli group. Furthermore, we found the source genes of these differentially m6A-modified circRNAs in the S. aureus and E. coli groups with similar functions according to GO and KEGG analyses, which were mainly associated with cell injury, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. CircRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction networks predicted the potential circRNA regulation mechanism in S. aureus- and E. coli-induced cell injury. We found that the mRNAs in the networks, such as BCL2, MIF, and TNFAIP8L2, greatly participated in the MAPK, WNT, and inflammation pathways. This is the first report on m6A-modified circRNA regulation of cells under S. aureus and E. coli treatment, and sheds new light on potential mechanisms and targets from the perspective of epigenetic modification in mastitis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changjie Lin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Li
- The Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention in Wuhan, Wuhan Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Bureau Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghan Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sijie Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Ueda M, Kobayashi H, Seike S, Takahashi E, Okamoto K, Yamanaka H. Aeromonas sobria Serine Protease Degrades Several Protein Components of Tight Junctions and Assists Bacterial Translocation Across the T84 Monolayer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:824547. [PMID: 35273923 PMCID: PMC8902146 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.824547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas sobria is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes food-borne illness. In immunocompromised patients and the elderly, A. sobria opportunistically leads to severe extraintestinal diseases including sepsis, peritonitis, and meningitis. If A. sobria that infects the intestinal tract causes such an extraintestinal infection, the pathogen must pass through the intestinal epithelial barrier. In our earlier study using intestinal cultured cells (T84 cells), we observed that an A. sobria strain with higher A. sobria serine protease (ASP) production caused a marked level of bacterial translocation across the T84 intestinal epithelial monolayer. Herein, we investigated the effect of ASP on tight junctions (TJs) in T84 cells. We observed that ASP acts on TJs and causes the destruction of ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, and claudin-7 (i.e., some of the protein components constituting TJs), especially in the strains with high ASP productivity. Based on the present results together with those of our earlier study, we propose that ASP may cause a disruption of the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium as a whole due to the destruction of TJs (in addition to the destruction of adherens junctions) and that ASP may assist invasion of the pathogens from the intestinal epithelium into deep sites in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunobu Ueda
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiological Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiological Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Japan
| | - Soshi Seike
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiological Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Japan
| | - Eizo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keinosuke Okamoto
- Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, National Institute of Cholera Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Hiroyasu Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiological Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroyasu Yamanaka,
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18
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The ACE2 Receptor for Coronavirus Entry Is Localized at Apical Cell—Cell Junctions of Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040627. [PMID: 35203278 PMCID: PMC8870730 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins of adherens and tight junctions are known targets for viruses and bacterial toxins. The coronavirus receptor ACE2 has been localized at the apical surface of epithelial cells, but it is not clear whether ACE2 is localized at apical Cell—Cell junctions and whether it associates with junctional proteins. Here we explored the expression and localization of ACE2 and its association with transmembrane and tight junction proteins in epithelial tissues and cultured cells by data mining, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence microscopy, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. ACE2 mRNA is abundant in epithelial tissues, where its expression correlates with the expression of the tight junction proteins cingulin and occludin. In cultured epithelial cells ACE2 mRNA is upregulated upon differentiation and ACE2 protein is widely expressed and co-immunoprecipitates with the transmembrane proteins ADAM17 and CD9. We show by immunofluorescence microscopy that ACE2 colocalizes with ADAM17 and CD9 and the tight junction protein cingulin at apical junctions of intestinal (Caco-2), mammary (Eph4) and kidney (mCCD) epithelial cells. These observations identify ACE2, ADAM17 and CD9 as new epithelial junctional transmembrane proteins and suggest that the cytokine-enhanced endocytic internalization of junction-associated protein complexes comprising ACE2 may promote coronavirus entry.
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19
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Anwar MN, Akhtar R, Abid M, Khan SA, Rehman ZU, Tayyub M, Malik MI, Shahzad MK, Mubeen H, Qadir MS, Hameed M, Wahaab A, Li Z, Liu K, Li B, Qiu Y, Ma Z, Wei J. The interactions of flaviviruses with cellular receptors: Implications for virus entry. Virology 2022; 568:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Woodward AM, Feeley MN, Rinaldi J, Argüeso P. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing reveals an essential role for basigin in maintaining a nonkeratinized squamous epithelium in cornea. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:897-908. [PMID: 34761172 PMCID: PMC8565198 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the primary functions of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelia is to protect underlying tissues against chemical, microbial, and mechanical insult. Basigin is a transmembrane matrix metalloproteinase inducer commonly overexpressed during epithelial wound repair and cancer but whose physiological significance in normal epithelial tissue has not been fully explored. Here we used a CRISPR/Cas9 system to study the effect of basigin loss in a human cornea model of squamous epithelial differentiation. We find that epithelial cell cultures lacking basigin change shape and fail to produce a flattened squamous layer on the apical surface. This process is associated with the abnormal expression of the transcription factor SPDEF and the decreased biosynthesis of MUC16 and involucrin necessary for maintaining apical barrier function and structural integrity, respectively. Expression analysis of genes encoding tight junction proteins identified a role for basigin in promoting physiological expression of occludin and members of the claudin family. Functionally, disruption of basigin expression led to increased epithelial cell permeability as evidenced by the decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and increase in rose bengal flux. Overall, these results suggest that basigin plays a distinct role in maintaining the normal differentiation of stratified squamous human corneal epithelium and could have potential implications to therapies targeting basigin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Woodward
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and EarDepartment of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Marissa N. Feeley
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and EarDepartment of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jamie Rinaldi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and EarDepartment of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and EarDepartment of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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21
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Tocan V, Hayase J, Kamakura S, Kohda A, Ohga S, Kohjima M, Sumimoto H. Hepatocyte polarity establishment and apical lumen formation are organized by Par3, Cdc42, and aPKC in conjunction with Lgl. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101354. [PMID: 34717957 PMCID: PMC8637150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes differ from columnar epithelial cells by their multipolar organization, which follows the initial formation of central lumen-sharing clusters of polarized cells as observed during liver development and regeneration. The molecular mechanism for hepatocyte polarity establishment, however, has been comparatively less studied than those for other epithelial cell types. Here, we show that the tight junction protein Par3 organizes hepatocyte polarization via cooperating with the small GTPase Cdc42 to target atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) to a cortical site near the center of cell-cell contacts. In 3D Matrigel culture of human hepatocytic HepG2 cells, which mimics a process of liver development and regeneration, depletion of Par3, Cdc42, or aPKC results in an impaired establishment of apicobasolateral polarity and a loss of subsequent apical lumen formation. The aPKC activity is also required for bile canalicular (apical) elongation in mouse primary hepatocytes. The lateral membrane-associated proteins Lgl1 and Lgl2, major substrates of aPKC, seem to be dispensable for hepatocyte polarity establishment because Lgl-depleted HepG2 cells are able to form a single apical lumen in 3D culture. On the other hand, Lgl depletion leads to lateral invasion of aPKC, and overexpression of Lgl1 or Lgl2 prevents apical lumen formation, indicating that they maintain proper lateral integrity. Thus, hepatocyte polarity establishment and apical lumen formation are organized by Par3, Cdc42, and aPKC; Par3 cooperates with Cdc42 to recruit aPKC, which plays a crucial role in apical membrane development and regulation of the lateral maintainer Lgl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Tocan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junya Hayase
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kamakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Kohda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Kohjima
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Medicine and Regulatory Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Sumimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Footprints of microRNAs in Cancer Biology. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101494. [PMID: 34680611 PMCID: PMC8533183 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Over the past years, various studies have demonstrated the role of aberrant miRNA expression in the onset of cancer. The mechanisms by which miRNA exerts its cancer-promoting or inhibitory effects are apparent through the various cancer hallmarks, which include selective proliferative advantage, altered stress response, vascularization, invasion and metastasis, metabolic rewiring, the tumor microenvironment and immune modulation; therefore, this review aims to highlight the association between miRNAs and the various cancer hallmarks by dissecting the mechanisms of miRNA regulation in each hallmark separately. It is hoped that the information presented herein will provide further insights regarding the role of cancer and serve as a guideline to evaluate the potential of microRNAs to be utilized as biomarkers and therapeutic targets on a larger scale in cancer research.
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Skamrahl M, Pang H, Ferle M, Gottwald J, Rübeling A, Maraspini R, Honigmann A, Oswald TA, Janshoff A. Tight Junction ZO Proteins Maintain Tissue Fluidity, Ensuring Efficient Collective Cell Migration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100478. [PMID: 34382375 PMCID: PMC8498871 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are essential components of epithelial tissues connecting neighboring cells to provide protective barriers. While their general function to seal compartments is well understood, their role in collective cell migration is largely unexplored. Here, the importance of the TJ zonula occludens (ZO) proteins ZO1 and ZO2 for epithelial migration is investigated employing video microscopy in conjunction with velocimetry, segmentation, cell tracking, and atomic force microscopy/spectroscopy. The results indicate that ZO proteins are necessary for fast and coherent migration. In particular, ZO1 and 2 loss (dKD) induces actomyosin remodeling away from the central cortex towards the periphery of individual cells, resulting in altered viscoelastic properties. A tug-of-war emerges between two subpopulations of cells with distinct morphological and mechanical properties: 1) smaller and highly contractile cells with an outward bulging apical membrane, and 2) larger, flattened cells, which, due to tensile stress, display a higher proliferation rate. In response, the cell density increases, leading to crowding-induced jamming and more small cells over time. Co-cultures comprising wildtype and dKD cells migrate inefficiently due to phase separation based on differences in contractility rather than differential adhesion. This study shows that ZO proteins are necessary for efficient collective cell migration by maintaining tissue fluidity and controlling proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Skamrahl
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 6Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Hongtao Pang
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 6Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Maximilian Ferle
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 6Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Jannis Gottwald
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 6Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Angela Rübeling
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 2Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Riccardo Maraspini
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsPfotenhauerstraße 108Dresden01307Germany
| | - Alf Honigmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsPfotenhauerstraße 108Dresden01307Germany
| | - Tabea A. Oswald
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 2Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstr. 6Göttingen37077Germany
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Czubak-Prowizor K, Babinska A, Swiatkowska M. The F11 Receptor (F11R)/Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A (JAM-A) (F11R/JAM-A) in cancer progression. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:79-98. [PMID: 34533648 PMCID: PMC8755661 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The F11 Receptor (F11R), also called Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A (JAM-A) (F11R/JAM-A), is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which is mainly located in epithelial and endothelial cell tight junctions and also expressed on circulating platelets and leukocytes. It participates in the regulation of various biological processes, as diverse as paracellular permeability, tight junction formation and maintenance, leukocyte transendothelial migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, reovirus binding, and platelet activation. Dysregulation of F11R/JAM-A may result in pathological consequences and disorders in normal cell function. A growing body of evidence points to its role in carcinogenesis and invasiveness, but its tissue-specific pro- or anti-tumorigenic role remains a debated issue. The following review focuses on the F11R/JAM-A tissue-dependent manner in tumorigenesis and metastasis and also discusses the correlation between poor patient clinical outcomes and its aberrant expression. In the future, it will be required to clarify the signaling pathways that are activated or suppressed via the F11R/JAM-A protein in various cancer types to understand its multiple roles in cancer progression and further use it as a novel direct target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Czubak-Prowizor
- Department of Cytobiology and Proteomics, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Babinska
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Maria Swiatkowska
- Department of Cytobiology and Proteomics, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215, Lodz, Poland
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Karoor V, Strassheim D, Sullivan T, Verin A, Umapathy NS, Dempsey EC, Frank DN, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya E. The Short-Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Attenuates Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and Inflammation in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9916. [PMID: 34576081 PMCID: PMC8467617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive cardiovascular disorder in which local vascular inflammation leads to increased pulmonary vascular remodeling and ultimately to right heart failure. The HDAC inhibitor butyrate, a product of microbial fermentation, is protective in inflammatory intestinal diseases, but little is known regarding its effect on extraintestinal diseases, such as PH. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that butyrate is protective in a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of hypoxic PH. Treatment with butyrate (220 mg/kg intake) prevented hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), hypoxia-induced increases in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), pulmonary vascular remodeling, and permeability. A reversal effect of butyrate (2200 mg/kg intake) was observed on elevated RVH. Butyrate treatment also increased the acetylation of histone H3, 25-34 kDa, and 34-50 kDa proteins in the total lung lysates of butyrate-treated animals. In addition, butyrate decreased hypoxia-induced accumulation of alveolar (mostly CD68+) and interstitial (CD68+ and CD163+) lung macrophages. Analysis of cytokine profiles in lung tissue lysates showed a hypoxia-induced upregulation of TIMP-1, CINC-1, and Fractalkine and downregulation of soluble ICAM (sICAM). The expression of Fractalkine and VEGFα, but not CINC-1, TIMP-1, and sICAM was downregulated by butyrate. In rat microvascular endothelial cells (RMVEC), butyrate (1 mM, 2 and 24 h) exhibited a protective effect against TNFα- and LPS-induced barrier disruption. Butyrate (1 mM, 24 h) also upregulated tight junctional proteins (occludin, cingulin, claudin-1) and increased the acetylation of histone H3 but not α-tubulin. These findings provide evidence of the protective effect of butyrate on hypoxic PH and suggest its potential use as a complementary treatment for PH and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Derek Strassheim
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (N.S.U.)
| | - Nagavedi S. Umapathy
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (N.S.U.)
- Center for Blood Disorders, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Edward C. Dempsey
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA;
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
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Kohno T, Konno T, Kikuchi S, Kondoh M, Kojima T. Translocation of LSR from tricellular corners causes macropinocytosis at cell-cell interface as a trigger for breaking out of contact inhibition. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21742. [PMID: 34403506 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100299r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Withdrawal from contact inhibition is necessary for epithelial cancer precursor cells to initiate cell growth and motility. Nevertheless, little is understood about the mechanism for the sudden initiation of cell growth under static conditions. We focused on cellular junctions as one region where breaking out of contact inhibition occurs. In well-differentiated endometrial cancer cells, Sawano, the ligand administration for tricellular tight junction protein LSR, which transiently decreased the robust junction property, caused an abrupt increase in cell motility and consequent excessive multilayered cell growth despite being under contact inhibition conditions. We observed that macropinocytosis essentially and temporarily occurred as an antecedent event for the above process at intercellular junctions without disruption of the junction apparatus but not at the apical plasma membrane. Collectively, we concluded that the formation of macropinocytosis, which is derived from tight junction-mediated signaling, was triggered for the initiation of cell growth in static precancerous epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kohno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shin Kikuchi
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Drug Innovation Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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27
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Heymans C, Delcorte O, Spourquet C, Villacorte-Tabelin M, Dupasquier S, Achouri Y, Mahibullah S, Lemoine P, Balda MS, Matter K, Pierreux CE. Spatio-temporal expression pattern and role of the tight junction protein MarvelD3 in pancreas development and function. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14519. [PMID: 34267243 PMCID: PMC8282860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junction complexes are involved in the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity and the regulation of signalling pathways, controlling biological processes such as cell differentiation and cell proliferation. MarvelD3 is a tight junction protein expressed in adult epithelial and endothelial cells. In Xenopus laevis, MarvelD3 morphants present differentiation defects of several ectodermal derivatives. In vitro experiments further revealed that MarvelD3 couples tight junctions to the MEKK1-JNK pathway to regulate cell behaviour and survival. In this work, we found that MarvelD3 is expressed from early developmental stages in the exocrine and endocrine compartments of the pancreas, as well as in endothelial cells of this organ. We thoroughly characterized MarvelD3 expression pattern in developing pancreas and evaluated its function by genetic ablation. Surprisingly, inactivation of MarvelD3 in mice did not alter development and differentiation of the pancreatic tissue. Moreover, tight junction formation and organization, cell polarization, and activity of the JNK-pathway were not impacted by the deletion of MarvelD3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ophélie Delcorte
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Woluwe, Belgium
| | | | - Mylah Villacorte-Tabelin
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Woluwe, Belgium
- PRISM, MSU-IIT, Iligan City, Philippines
| | | | | | - Siam Mahibullah
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Woluwe, Belgium
| | - Pascale Lemoine
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Woluwe, Belgium
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28
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Porcine Sapovirus-Induced Tight Junction Dissociation via Activation of RhoA/ROCK/MLC Signaling Pathway. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00051-21. [PMID: 33692204 PMCID: PMC8139687 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00051-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are a major barrier and also an important portal of entry for different pathogens. Porcine sapovirus (PSaV) induces early disruption of the TJ integrity of polarized LLC-PK cells, allowing it to bind to the buried occludin co-receptors hidden beneath the TJs on the basolateral surface. However, the signaling pathways involved in the PSaV-induced TJ dissociation are not yet known. Here, we found that the RhoA/ROCK/MLC signaling pathway was activated in polarized LLC-PK cells during the early infection of PSaV Cowden strain in the presence of bile acid. Specific inhibitors of RhoA, ROCK, and MLC restored PSaV-induced reduction of transepithelial resistance, increase of paracellular flux, intracellular translocation of occludin, and lateral membrane lipid diffusion. Moreover, each inhibitor significantly reduced PSaV replication, as evidenced by a reduction in viral protein synthesis, genome copy number, and progeny viruses. The PKC/MLCK and RhoA/ROCK/MYPT signaling pathways, known to dissociate TJs, were not activated during early PSaV infection. Among the above signaling pathways, the RhoA/ROCK/MLC signaling pathway was only activated by PSaV in the absence of bile acid, and specific inhibitors of this signaling pathway restored early TJ dissociation. Our findings demonstrate that PSaV binding to cell surface receptors activates the RhoA/ROCK/MLC signaling pathway, which in turn disrupts TJ integrity via the contraction of the actomyosin ring. Our study contributes to understanding how PSaV enters the cells and will aid in developing efficient and affordable therapies against PSaV and other calicivirus infections.IMPORTANCEPorcine sapovirus (PSaV), one of the most important enteric pathogens, is known to disrupt tight junction (TJ) integrity to expose its buried co-receptor occludin in polarized LLC-PK cells. However, the cellular signaling pathways that facilitate TJ dissociation are not yet completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that early infection of PSaV in polarized LLC-PK cells in either the presence or absence of bile acids activates the RhoA/ROCK/MLC signaling pathway, whose inhibitors reverse the early PSaV infection-induced early dissociation of TJs and reduce PSaV replication. However, early PSaV infection did not activate the PKC/MLCK and RhoA/ROCK/MYPT signaling pathways, which are also known to dissociate TJs. This study provides a better understanding of the mechanism involved in early PSaV infection-induced disruption of TJs, which is important for controlling or preventing PSaV and other calicivirus infections.
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29
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Bhat SV, Price JDW, Dahms TES. AFM-Based Correlative Microscopy Illuminates Human Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:655501. [PMID: 34026660 PMCID: PMC8138568 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.655501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes have an arsenal of virulence factors that contribute to their pathogenicity. A number of challenges remain to fully understand disease transmission, fitness landscape, antimicrobial resistance and host heterogeneity. A variety of tools have been used to address diverse aspects of pathogenicity, from molecular host-pathogen interactions to the mechanisms of disease acquisition and transmission. Current gaps in our knowledge include a more direct understanding of host-pathogen interactions, including signaling at interfaces, and direct phenotypic confirmation of pathogenicity. Correlative microscopy has been gaining traction to address the many challenges currently faced in biomedicine, in particular the combination of optical and atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM, generates high-resolution surface topographical images, and quantifies mechanical properties at the pN scale under physiologically relevant conditions. When combined with optical microscopy, AFM probes pathogen surfaces and their physical and molecular interaction with host cells, while the various modes of optical microscopy view internal cellular responses of the pathogen and host. Here we review the most recent advances in our understanding of pathogens, recent applications of AFM to the field, how correlative AFM-optical microspectroscopy and microscopy have been used to illuminate pathogenicity and how these methods can reach their full potential for studying host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya V Bhat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Jared D W Price
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Tanya E S Dahms
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
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30
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Zaman R, Lombardo A, Sauvanet C, Viswanatha R, Awad V, Bonomo LER, McDermitt D, Bretscher A. Effector-mediated ERM activation locally inhibits RhoA activity to shape the apical cell domain. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211973. [PMID: 33836044 PMCID: PMC8185690 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins link the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton to generate apical structures, including microvilli. Among many kinases implicated in ERM activation are the homologues LOK and SLK. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to knock out all ERM proteins or LOK/SLK in human cells. LOK/SLK knockout eliminates all ERM-activating phosphorylation. The apical domains of cells lacking LOK/SLK or ERMs are strikingly similar and selectively altered, with loss of microvilli and with junctional actin replaced by ectopic myosin-II–containing apical contractile structures. Constitutively active ezrin can reverse the phenotypes of either ERM or LOK/SLK knockouts, indicating that a central function of LOK/SLK is to activate ERMs. Both knockout lines have elevated active RhoA with concomitant enhanced myosin light chain phosphorylation, revealing that active ERMs are negative regulators of RhoA. As RhoA-GTP activates LOK/SLK to activate ERM proteins, the ability of active ERMs to negatively regulate RhoA-GTP represents a novel local feedback loop necessary for the proper apical morphology of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riasat Zaman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Andrew Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Cécile Sauvanet
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Raghuvir Viswanatha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Valerie Awad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Locke Ezra-Ros Bonomo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - David McDermitt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Anthony Bretscher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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Liu F, Peng S, Adelman RA, Rizzolo LJ. Knockdown of Claudin-19 in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Is Accompanied by Slowed Phagocytosis and Increased Expression of SQSTM1. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:14. [PMID: 33591357 PMCID: PMC7900869 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.2.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Besides regulating paracellular diffusion, claudin-19 modulates the expression of proteins essential for the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This study asks how RPE responds when the expression of claudin-19 is reduced. Methods In stem cell-derived RPE, claudin-19 and sequestosome-1/p62 (SQSTM1) were knocked down with siRNAs. Expression was monitored by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. Morphology and function were monitored by immunocytochemistry and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments (POSs) was followed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and western blotting. Pharmacology was used to assess the effects of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and SQSTM1 on phagocytosis. Enzymatic activity was measured using commercial assay kits. Results Knockdown of claudin-19 reduced the TER without affecting the integrity of the apical junctional complex, as assessed by the distribution of zonula occludens-1 and filamentous actin. AMPK was activated without apparent effect on autophagy. Activation of AMPK alone had little effect on phagocytosis. Without affecting ingestion, knockdown reduced the rate of POS degradation and increased the steady-state levels of LC3B and SQSTM1. Proteasome inhibitors also retarded degradation, as did knockdown of SQSTM1. The expression of metallothioneins and the activity of superoxide dismutase increased. Conclusions Knockdown of claudin-19 slowed the degradation of internalized POSs. The study questions the role of activated AMPK in phagocytosis and suggests a role for SQSTM1. Further, knockdown was associated with a partial oxidative stress response. The study opens new avenues of experimentation to explore these essential RPE functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfei Liu
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Deparment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Shaomin Peng
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ron A. Adelman
- Deparment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Rizzolo
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Deparment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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Hui W, Feng Y, Baoqi Y, Shuwei D, Ruihua X, Jiongjie H, Dongan C, Yan S, Shidong Z, Zuoting Y. Comparative proteomics analysis indicates that palmatine contributes to transepithelial migration by regulating cellular adhesion. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:646-654. [PMID: 32658562 PMCID: PMC7470081 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1784961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Palmatine, a biologically active isoquinoline alkaloid, possesses multiple pharmaceutical activities against mucosal infection and inflammation. OBJECTIVE There are no reports about the influence of palmatine on uterine mucosal epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used proteomics to analyse differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in goat endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 μg/mL, the dosage can induce inflammatory response, according to our previous study) for 12 h and then treated with palmatine (80 μg/mL) for 8 h; the dosage was selected based on MTT assay. The EECs without any treatment were used as controls. Every group was treated in triplicate. RESULTS A total of 428 DEPs in LPS-stimulated group and 486 DEPs in the palmatine-treated group were identified. Functional annotation analysis showed that palmatine mainly regulated the protein expression of structural molecules involved in the response to stimuli. Pathway analysis showed that cell adhesion molecule (CaM) pathways were most significant enriched due to palmatine treatment. Junction adhesion molecule 1 (JAM1), nectin 1 (NECT1) and cadherin 5 (CDH5), which play important roles in the transepithelial migration (TEpM) of leukocytes, were significantly downregulated by palmatine. Meanwhile, other proteins essential to the maintenance of cell adhesion and those that facilitate leukocyte migration were upregulated after palmatine treatment. Discussion and conclusions: The results suggested that palmatine regulates the expression of CaMs to affect TEpM during uterine mucosal inflammation and provides novel insight to understanding and developing palmatine pharmacology. Palmatine is a promising drug for treatment of mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hui
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Baoqi
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dong Shuwei
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Ruihua
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - He Jiongjie
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cui Dongan
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sun Yan
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
- CONTACT Zhang Shidong
| | - Zhang Shidong
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
- CONTACT Zhang Shidong
| | - Yan Zuoting
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
- Yan Zuoting Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou730050, China
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Jauregi-Miguel A. The tight junction and the epithelial barrier in coeliac disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 358:105-132. [PMID: 33707052 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial barriers are essential to maintain multicellular organisms well compartmentalized and protected from external environment. In the intestine, the epithelial layer orchestrates a dynamic balance between nutrient absorption and prevention of microorganisms, and antigen intrusion. Intestinal barrier function has been shown to be altered in coeliac disease but whether it contributes to the pathogenesis development or if it is merely a phenomenon secondary to the aberrant immune response is still unknown. The tight junction complexes are multiprotein cell-cell adhesions that seal the epithelial intercellular space and regulate the paracellular permeability of ions and solutes. These structures have a fundamental role in epithelial barrier integrity as well as in signaling mechanisms that control epithelial-cell polarization, the formation of apical domains and cellular processes such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival. In coeliac disease, the molecular structures and function of tight junctions appear disrupted and are not completely recovered after treatment with gluten-free diet. Moreover, zonulin, the only known physiological regulator of the tight junction permeability, appears augmented in autoimmune conditions associated with TJ dysfunction, including coeliac disease. This chapter will examine recent discoveries about the molecular architecture of tight junctions and their functions. We will discuss how different factors contribute to tight junction disruption and intestinal barrier impairment in coeliac disease. To conclude, new insights into zonulin-driven disruption of tight junction structures and barrier integrity in coeliac disease are presented together with the advancements in novel therapy to treat the barrier defect seen in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Jauregi-Miguel
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Huang ZQ, Liu J, Ong HH, Yuan T, Zhou XM, Wang J, Tan KS, Chow VT, Yang QT, Shi L, Ye J, Wang DY. Interleukin-13 Alters Tight Junction Proteins Expression Thereby Compromising Barrier Function and Dampens Rhinovirus Induced Immune Responses in Nasal Epithelium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:572749. [PMID: 33102478 PMCID: PMC7546404 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.572749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are intercellular structures which are essential for epithelial barrier function and play an important role in antimicrobial defense. Epithelium dysfunction and type-2-skewed inflammation are two main pathological phenomena of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, the effect of pro-inflammatory type-2 cytokine IL-13 on TJs in CRSwNP is poorly understood. Nasal biopsies of CRSwNP patients and in vitro IL-13-matured human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) were used to analyze epithelial markers and TJ proteins. Epithelium permeability, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), expression of TJs were quantified for IL-13-matured hNECs and that with RV infection. The expression of occludin, claudin-3, and ZO-1 were significantly decreased in CRSwNP biopsies and in hNECs after IL-13 treatment. IL-13 treatment increased epithelium permeability, decreased TEER and altered hNECs composition resulting in lesser ciliated cells and mucus over-secretion. Interestingly, claudin-3 is selectively expressed on ciliated cells. While RV infection induced minimal changes to TJs, the IL-13-matured hNECs has reduced capacity for upregulation of IFN-λ1 and CXCL10 but further increased the expression of TSLP upon RV infection. These findings suggested that IL-13-mediated dysfunction of TJs and compromised epithelial barrier. IL-13-induced cilia loss conferred lowered viral replication and impaired antiviral responses of nasal epithelium against RV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tian Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Min Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Otolaryngology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincent T Chow
- NUHS Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qin-Tai Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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Ryan H, Simmons CS. Potential Applications of Microfluidics to Acute Kidney Injury Associated with Viral Infection. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:305-311. [PMID: 32904757 PMCID: PMC7457440 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidneys are susceptible to adverse effects from many diseases, including several that are not tissue-specific. Acute kidney injury is a common complication of systemic diseases such as diabetes, lupus, and certain infections including the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Microfluidic devices are an attractive option for disease modeling, offering the opportunity to utilize human cells, control experimental and environmental conditions, and combine with other on-chip devices. For researchers with expertise in microfluidics, this brief perspective highlights potential applications of such devices to studying SARS-CoV-2-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Ryan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Chelsey S. Simmons
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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Stolte KN, Pelz C, Yapto CV, Raguse JD, Dommisch H, Danker K. IL-1β strengthens the physical barrier in gingival epithelial cells. Tissue Barriers 2020; 8:1804249. [PMID: 32835592 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2020.1804249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases worldwide and is caused by a variety of interactions between oral bacteria and the host. Here, pathogens induce inflammatory host responses that cause the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 by oral epithelial cells. In various systems, it has been shown that inflammation compromises physical barriers, which enables bacteria to invade the tissue. In this study, we investigated the barrier properties of the oral mucosa under physiological and inflamed conditions. For this purpose, we assessed the influence of IL-1β on the transepithelial electrical resistance and in particular on tight junctions in vitro in human stratified squamous epithelium models. Indirect immunofluorescence and western blot analyses were performed to investigate localization and expression of tight junction proteins in primary gingival cells, immortalized gingival cells and native gingiva. Furthermore, the TEER of gingival keratinocytes was assessed. The results showed that IL-1β led to strengthening of the gingival keratinocyte barrier. This was demonstrated by an increase in TEER, the upregulation of TJ proteins, and an increase in the formation of TJ strands. The IL-1β-mediated upregulation of occludin was prevented by the NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7085. These observations provide insights into host responses in the early stages of periodontal disease and offer information about TJ formation in human gingival epithelial cells under physiological and inflammatory conditions. Comprehensive knowledge of the physical barrier during inflammation may help in developing strategies to effectively target the inflammatory barrier to improve the bioavailability of drugs for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Natalie Stolte
- Charitá - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health.,Institute for Biochemistry , Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Pelz
- Charitá - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health.,Institute for Biochemistry , Berlin, Germany
| | - Cynthia V Yapto
- Charitá - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health.,Institute for Biochemistry , Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Dirk Raguse
- Charitá - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Dommisch
- Charitá - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health.,Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Periodontics, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kerstin Danker
- Charitá - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health.,Institute for Biochemistry , Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Epithelial cells form highly organized polarized sheets with characteristic cell morphologies and tissue architecture. Cell–cell adhesion and intercellular communication are prerequisites of such cohesive sheets of cells, and cell connectivity is mediated through several junctional assemblies, namely desmosomes, adherens, tight and gap junctions. These cell–cell junctions form signalling hubs that not only mediate cell–cell adhesion but impact on multiple aspects of cell behaviour, helping to coordinate epithelial cell shape, polarity and function. This review will focus on the tight and adherens junctions, constituents of the apical junctional complex, and aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the complex signalling that underlies junction assembly, integrity and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Rusu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Marios Georgiou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Occludin protects secretory cells from ER stress by facilitating SNARE-dependent apical protein exocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:4758-4769. [PMID: 32051248 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909731117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are fundamental features of both epithelium and endothelium and are indispensable for vertebrate organ formation and homeostasis. However, mice lacking Occludin (Ocln) develop relatively normally to term. Here we show that Ocln is essential for mammary gland physiology, as mutant mice fail to produce milk. Surprisingly, Ocln null mammary glands showed intact TJ function and normal epithelial morphogenesis, cell differentiation, and tissue polarity, suggesting that Ocln is not required for these processes. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we identified milk-producing cells (MPCs) and found they were progressively more prone to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as protein production increased exponentially during late pregnancy and lactation. Importantly, Ocln loss in MPCs resulted in greatly heightened ER stress; this in turn led to increased apoptosis and acute shutdown of protein expression, ultimately leading to lactation failure in the mutant mice. We show that the increased ER stress was caused by a secretory failure of milk proteins in Ocln null cells. Consistent with an essential role in protein secretion, Occludin was seen to reside on secretory vesicles and to be bound to SNARE proteins. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Ocln protects MPCs from ER stress by facilitating SNARE-dependent protein secretion and raise the possibility that other TJ components may participate in functions similar to Ocln.
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Dong D, Xie W, Liu M. Alteration of cell junctions during viral infection. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:519-525. [PMID: 32017415 PMCID: PMC7049484 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell junctions serve as a protective barrier for cells and provide an important channel for information transmission between cells and the surrounding environment. Viruses are parasites that invade and commandeer components of host cells in order to survive and replicate, and they have evolved various mechanisms to alter cell junctions to facilitate viral infection. In this review, we examined the current state of knowledge on the action of viruses on host cell junctions. The existing evidence suggests that targeting the molecules involved in the virus-cell junction interaction can prevent the spread of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dong
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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40
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The Kiwifruit Allergen Act d 1 Activates NF-κB Signaling and Affects mRNA Expression of TJ Proteins and Innate Pro-Allergenic Cytokines. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120816. [PMID: 31810340 PMCID: PMC6995561 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of the intestinal barrier is one of the key events in the initiation of the sensitization process in food allergy. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of kiwifruit allergen Act d 1 on intestinal permeability and tight junction protein (TJP) gene expression in vivo and to explore its potential to activate the NF-ĸB signaling pathway and to regulate expression of epithelial pro-allergenic cytokines. Influences of Act d 1 on TJP gene expression and pro-allergenic cytokines in the mouse intestine was analyzed by qPCR upon allergen administration by oral gavage. The effect on the in vivo intestinal permeability was assessed in ELISA by measuring the translocation of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) into circulation. The capacity of Act d 1 to activate the NF-ĸB pathway was tested in HEK293 cells by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. Administration of Actinidin (Act d 1) increased intestinal permeability to the BLG. This was accompanied by changes in gene expression of TJP mRNA and pro-allergenic cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) compared to the control. Act d 1 reduced TEER of the HEK293 monolayer, was positive in an NF-ĸB-reporter HEK293 cell assay, and induced secretion of TSLP. These findings shed more light on the molecular events in the sensitization process of kiwifruit but possibly also of other protease food allergens.
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Heinemann U, Schuetz A. Structural Features of Tight-Junction Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6020. [PMID: 31795346 PMCID: PMC6928914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions are complex supramolecular entities composed of integral membrane proteins, membrane-associated and soluble cytoplasmic proteins engaging in an intricate and dynamic system of protein-protein interactions. Three-dimensional structures of several tight-junction proteins or their isolated domains have been determined by X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy. These structures provide direct insight into molecular interactions that contribute to the formation, integrity, or function of tight junctions. In addition, the known experimental structures have allowed the modeling of ligand-binding events involving tight-junction proteins. Here, we review the published structures of tight-junction proteins. We show that these proteins are composed of a limited set of structural motifs and highlight common types of interactions between tight-junction proteins and their ligands involving these motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Heinemann
- Macromolecular Structure and Interaction Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schuetz
- Protein Production & Characterization Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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42
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Ng Ang A PN, Ebner JK, Plessner M, Aktories K, Schmidt G. Engineering Photorhabdus luminescens toxin complex (PTC) into a recombinant injection nanomachine. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201900485. [PMID: 31540947 PMCID: PMC6756610 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering delivery systems for proteins and peptides into mammalian cells is an ongoing challenge for cell biological studies as well as for therapeutic approaches. Photorhabdus luminescens toxin complex (PTC) is a heterotrimeric protein complex able to deliver diverse protein toxins into mammalian cells. We engineered the syringe-like nanomachine for delivery of protein toxins from different species. In addition, we loaded the highly active copepod luciferase Metridia longa M-Luc7 for accurate quantification of injected molecules. We suggest that besides the probable size limitation, the charge of the cargo also influences the efficiency of packing and transport into mammalian cells. Our data show that the PTC constitutes a powerful system to inject recombinant proteins, peptides, and potentially, other molecules into mammalian cells. In addition, in contrast to other protein transporters based on pore formation, the closed, compact structure of the PTC may protect cargo from degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Njenga Ng Ang A
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School for Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia K Ebner
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School for Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Plessner
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Aktories
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gudula Schmidt
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Apoptotic Fragmentation of Tricellulin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194882. [PMID: 31581480 PMCID: PMC6801678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic extrusion of cells from epithelial cell layers is of central importance for epithelial homeostasis. As a prerequisite cell-cell contacts between apoptotic cells and their neighbors have to be dissociated. Tricellular tight junctions (tTJs) represent specialized structures that seal polarized epithelial cells at sites where three cells meet and are characterized by the specific expression of tricellulin and angulins. Here, we specifically addressed the fate of tricellulin in apoptotic cells. METHODS Apoptosis was induced by staurosporine or camptothecin in MDCKII and RT-112 cells. The fate of tricellulin was analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Caspase activity was inhibited by Z-VAD-FMK or Z-DEVD-FMK. RESULTS Induction of apoptosis induces the degradation of tricellulin with time. Aspartate residues 487 and 441 were identified as caspase cleavage-sites in the C-terminal coiled-coil domain of human tricellulin. Fragmentation of tricellulin was inhibited in the presence of caspase inhibitors or when Asp487 or Asp441 were mutated to asparagine. Deletion of the tricellulin C-terminal amino acids prevented binding to lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR)/angulin-1 and thus should impair specific localization of tricellulin to tTJs. CONCLUSIONS Tricellulin is a substrate of caspases and its cleavage in consequence contributes to the dissolution of tTJs during apoptosis.
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He J, Ma L, Qiu J, Lu X, Hou C, Liu B, Yu D. Effects of compound organic acid calcium on growth performance, hepatic antioxidation and intestinal barrier of male broilers under heat stress. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:1156-1166. [PMID: 31480143 PMCID: PMC7322655 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of compound organic acid calcium (COAC) on growth performance, hepatic antioxidant status and intestinal barrier of male broilers under high ambient temperature (32.7°C). Methods Nine hundred healthy one-d-old Cobb-500 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned into three groups with six replicates of 50 birds each. A basal diet supplemented with 0% (control), 0.4% and 0.8% COAC, respectively were fed to birds for 6 weeks. All treatments were under high ambient indoor temperature of 32.7°C, and had a constant calcium and available phosphorus ratio. Results The results showed that, compared with control, the average daily gain of broilers in 0.4% and 0.8% was significantly increased and the ratio of feed to gain in in 0.4% and 0.8% was significantly decreased at 1 to 21, 22 to 42 and 1 to 42 days of age (p<0.05). Compared with control, 0.8% COAC slightly decreased (p = 0.093) the content of malondialdehyde in liver at 42 days of age while 0.4% COAC significantly decreased (p<0.05) the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, 0.4% COAC significantly enhanced the intestinal barrier function via increasing jejunal and ileal ocln transcription, promoting jejunal mucin 2 transcription at 42 days of age (p<0.05), and decreasing jejunal toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and ileal TLR-15, inducible nitric oxide synthase compared with control group (p<0.05). Whereas, no significant differences on the transcription of interleukin-1β in jejunum and ileum were observed among three treatments (p>0.05). Overall, heat stress caused by high natural environment temperature may induce the damage to hepatic antioxidation and intestinal barrier. Conclusion Dietary inclusion of COAC can improve the tolerance of broilers to thermal environment through the modification of antioxidative parameters in liver and the mRNA expression of genes in intestinal barrier, resulting in an optimal inclusion level of 0.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junna He
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lianxiang Ma
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jialing Qiu
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xintao Lu
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chuanchuan Hou
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dongyou Yu
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Burge KY, Hannah L, Eckert JV, Gunasekaran A, Chaaban H. The Protective Influence of Chondroitin Sulfate, a Component of Human Milk, on Intestinal Bacterial Invasion and Translocation. J Hum Lact 2019; 35:538-549. [PMID: 31051086 PMCID: PMC6615959 DOI: 10.1177/0890334419845338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk is known to be protective against necrotizing enterocolitis, a devastating intestinal inflammatory disease affecting the preterm population. Although the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis is yet to be solidified, intestinal integrity dysfunction, bacterial invasion and/or translocation, and inflammation may play important roles. Glycosaminoglycans, compounds naturally prevalent in both human milk and the intestine, are thought to be anti-inflammatory and capable of altering bacterial interactions within the gut. RESEARCH AIM In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of chondroitin sulfate, the most prominent class of glycosaminoglycans in human milk, to protect against bacterial infection in an intestinal in vitro model. METHODS T84 cell monolayers were treated with chondroitin sulfate and cell viability was assessed across a number of doses. Monolayers were then pretreated with chondroitin sulfate and subsequently challenged with E. coli invasion and translocation to evaluate any protective role of the compound against infection. Tight junction barrier function was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance, and cytokine levels were evaluated. RESULTS Chondroitin sulfate at any dose up to 750 μg/ml was not associated with any statistically significant decrease in cell viability. Additionally, chondroitin sulfate at 750 μg/ml was associated with a 75% decrease in both bacterial invasion and translocation compared to control. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest chondroitin sulfate may protect against bacterial infection through a reduction in both invasion and translocation, importantly without attendant reduction in cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Y Burge
- 1 Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lindsey Hannah
- 1 Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jeffrey V Eckert
- 1 Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Aarthi Gunasekaran
- 1 Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hala Chaaban
- 1 Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Wang J, Wang C, Xu N, Liu ZF, Pang DW, Zhang ZL. A virus-induced kidney disease model based on organ-on-a-chip: Pathogenesis exploration of virus-related renal dysfunctions. Biomaterials 2019; 219:119367. [PMID: 31344514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Renal dysfunctions usually happen in viral infections and many viruses specially infect distal renal tubules, however the pathogenesis remains unknown. Here, in order to explore the pathogenesis of virus-related renal dysfunctions, a Pseudorabies Virus (PrV) induced kidney disease model was built on a distal tubule-on-a-chip (DTC), for the first time. The barrier structure and Na reabsorption of distal renal tubules were successfully reconstituted in DTCs. After PrV infection, results showed electrolyte regulation dysfunction in Na reabsorption for the disordered Na transporters, the broken reabsorption barrier, and the transformed microvilli. And it would lead to virus induced serum electrolyte abnormalities. This work brought us a new cognition about the advantages of organ-on-a-chip (OOC) in virus research, for it had given us a better insight into the pathogenesis of virus induced dysfunctions, based on its unique ability in function reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Na Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Zheng-Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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Dolat L, Valdivia RH. A renewed tool kit to explore Chlamydia pathogenesis: from molecular genetics to new infection models. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31249676 PMCID: PMC6589931 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.18832.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen and the leading cause of preventable blindness in the developing world.
C. trachomatis invades the epithelium of the conjunctiva and genital tract and replicates within an intracellular membrane-bound compartment termed the inclusion. To invade and replicate in mammalian cells,
Chlamydia remodels epithelial surfaces by reorganizing the cytoskeleton and cell–cell adhesions, reprograms membrane trafficking, and modulates cell signaling to dampen innate immune responses. If the infection ascends to the upper female genital tract, it can result in pelvic inflammatory disease and tissue scarring.
C. trachomatis infections are associated with infertility, ectopic pregnancies, the fibrotic disorder endometriosis, and potentially cancers of the cervix and uterus. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms by which this clinically important human pathogen subverts host cellular functions and causes disease have remained relatively poorly understood because of the dearth of molecular genetic tools to study
Chlamydiae and limitations of both
in vivo and
in vitro infection models. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the experimental molecular tool kit available to dissect
C. trachomatis infections with a special focus on
Chlamydia-induced epithelial barrier disruption by regulating the structure, function, and dynamics of epithelial cell–cell junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Dolat
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Raphael H Valdivia
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
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Jiao H, Zang Y, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang K, Price RA, Li WD. Genome-Wide Interaction and Pathway Association Studies for Body Mass Index. Front Genet 2019; 10:404. [PMID: 31118946 PMCID: PMC6504780 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We investigated gene interactions (epistasis) for body mass index (BMI) in a European-American adult female cohort via genome-wide interaction analyses (GWIA) and pathway association analyses. Methods: Genome-wide pairwise interaction analyses were carried out for BMI in 493 extremely obese cases (BMI > 35 kg/m2) and 537 never-overweight controls (BMI < 25 kg/m2). To further validate the results, specific SNPs were selected based on the GWIA results for haplotype-based association studies. Pathway-based association analyses were performed using a modified Gene Set Enrichment Algorithm (GSEA) (GenGen program) to further explore BMI-related pathways using our genome wide association study (GWAS) data set, GIANT, ENGAGE, and DIAGRAM Consortia. Results: The EXOC4-1q23.1 interaction was associated with BMI, with the most significant epistasis between rs7800006 and rs10797020 (P = 2.63 × 10-11). In the pathway-based association analysis, Tob1 pathway showed the most significant association with BMI (empirical P < 0.001, FDR = 0.044, FWER = 0.040). These findings were further validated in different populations. Conclusion: Genome-wide pairwise SNP-SNP interaction and pathway analyses suggest that EXOC4 and TOB1-related pathways may contribute to the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiao Jiao
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Zang
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- College of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - R. Arlen Price
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Early Porcine Sapovirus Infection Disrupts Tight Junctions and Uses Occludin as a Coreceptor. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01773-18. [PMID: 30463963 PMCID: PMC6364031 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01773-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Sapovirus belongs to the family Caliciviridae, and its members are common causative agents of severe acute gastroenteritis in both humans and animals. Some caliciviruses are known to use either terminal sialic acids or histo-blood group antigens as attachment factors and/or cell surface proteins, such as CD300lf, CD300ld, and junctional adhesion molecule 1 of tight junctions (TJs), as receptors. However, the roles of TJs and their proteins in sapovirus entry have not been examined. In this study, we found that porcine sapovirus (PSaV) significantly decreased transepithelial electrical resistance and increased paracellular permeability early in infection of LLC-PK cells, suggesting that PSaV dissociates TJs of cells. This led to the interaction between PSaV particles and occludin, which traveled in a complex into late endosomes via Rab5- and Rab7-dependent trafficking. Inhibition of occludin using small interfering RNA (siRNA), a specific antibody, or a dominant-negative mutant significantly blocked the entry of PSaV. Transient expression of occludin in nonpermissive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells conferred susceptibility to PSaV, but only for a limited time. Although claudin-1, another TJ protein, neither directly interacted nor was internalized with PSaV particles, it facilitated PSaV entry and replication in the LLC-PK cells. We conclude that PSaV particles enter LLC-PK cells by binding to occludin as a coreceptor in PSaV-dissociated TJs. PSaV and occludin then form a complex that moves to late endosomes via Rab5- and Rab7-dependent trafficking. In addition, claudin-1 in the TJs opened by PSaV infection facilitates PSaV entry and infection as an entry factor.IMPORTANCE Sapoviruses (SaVs) cause severe acute gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Although they replicate in intestinal epithelial cells, which are tightly sealed by apical-junctional complexes, such as tight junctions (TJs), the mechanisms by which SaVs hijack TJs and their proteins for successful entry and infection remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that porcine SaVs (PSaVs) induce early dissociation of TJs, allowing them to bind to the TJ protein occludin as a functional coreceptor. PSaVs then travel in a complex with occludin into late endosomes through Rab5- and Rab7-dependent trafficking. Claudin-1, another TJ protein, does not directly interact with PSaV but facilitates the entry of PSaV into cells as an entry factor. This work contributes to our understanding of the entry of SaV and other caliciviruses into cells and may aid in the development of efficient and affordable drugs to treat SaV infections.
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Bhat AA, Uppada S, Achkar IW, Hashem S, Yadav SK, Shanmugakonar M, Al-Naemi HA, Haris M, Uddin S. Tight Junction Proteins and Signaling Pathways in Cancer and Inflammation: A Functional Crosstalk. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1942. [PMID: 30728783 PMCID: PMC6351700 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of epithelial cells to organize through cell–cell adhesion into a functioning epithelium serves the purpose of a tight epithelial protective barrier. Contacts between adjacent cells are made up of tight junctions (TJ), adherens junctions (AJ), and desmosomes with unique cellular functions and a complex molecular composition. These proteins mediate firm mechanical stability, serves as a gatekeeper for the paracellular pathway, and helps in preserving tissue homeostasis. TJ proteins are involved in maintaining cell polarity, in establishing organ-specific apical domains and also in recruiting signaling proteins involved in the regulation of various important cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, and migration. As a vital component of the epithelial barrier, TJs are under a constant threat from proinflammatory mediators, pathogenic viruses and bacteria, aiding inflammation and the development of disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients reveal loss of TJ barrier function, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and immune dysregulation; yet, the relationship between these events is partly understood. Although TJ barrier defects are inadequate to cause experimental IBD, mucosal immune activation is changed in response to augmented epithelial permeability. Thus, the current studies suggest that altered barrier function may predispose or increase disease progression and therapies targeted to specifically restore the barrier function may provide a substitute or supplement to immunologic-based therapies. This review provides a brief introduction about the TJs, AJs, structure and function of TJ proteins. The link between TJ proteins and key signaling pathways in cell proliferation, transformation, and metastasis is discussed thoroughly. We also discuss the compromised intestinal TJ integrity under inflammatory conditions, and the signaling mechanisms involved that bridge inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Srijayaprakash Uppada
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Iman W Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Santosh K Yadav
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hamda A Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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