1
|
Pollard AE. New concepts in the roles of AMPK in adipocyte stem cell biology. Essays Biochem 2024:EBC20240008. [PMID: 39175418 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20240008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for many life-threatening diseases. Adipose tissue dysfunction is emerging as a driving factor in the transition from excess adiposity to comorbidities such as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and cancer. However, the transition from healthy adipose expansion to the development of these conditions is poorly understood. Adipose stem cells, residing in the vasculature and stromal regions of subcutaneous and visceral depots, are responsible for the expansion and maintenance of organ function, and are now recognised as key mediators of pathological transformation. Impaired tissue expansion drives inflammation, dysregulation of endocrine function and the deposition of lipids in the liver, muscle and around vital organs, where it is toxic. Contrary to previous hypotheses, it is the promotion of healthy adipose tissue expansion and function, not inhibition of adipogenesis, that presents the most attractive therapeutic strategy in the treatment of metabolic disease. AMP-activated protein kinase, a master regulator of energy homeostasis, has been regarded as one such target, due to its central role in adipose tissue lipid metabolism, and its apparent inhibition of adipogenesis. However, recent studies utilising AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-specific compounds highlight a more subtle, time-dependent role for AMPK in the process of adipogenesis, and in a previously unexplored repression of leptin, independent of adipocyte maturity. In this article, I discuss historic evidence for AMPK-mediated adipogenesis inhibition and the multi-faceted roles for AMPK in adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Pollard
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hong C, Li X, Zhang K, Huang Q, Li B, Xin H, Hu B, Meng F, Zhu X, Tang D, Hu C, Tao C, Li J, Cao Y, Wang H, Deng B, Wang S. Novel perspectives on autophagy-oxidative stress-inflammation axis in the orchestration of adipogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1404697. [PMID: 38982993 PMCID: PMC11232368 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1404697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, an indispensable organ, fulfils the pivotal role of energy storage and metabolism and is instrumental in maintaining the dynamic equilibrium of energy and health of the organism. Adipocyte hypertrophy and adipocyte hyperplasia (adipogenesis) are the two primary mechanisms of fat deposition. Mature adipocytes are obtained by differentiating mesenchymal stem cells into preadipocytes and redifferentiation. However, the mechanisms orchestrating adipogenesis remain unclear. Autophagy, an alternative cell death pathway that sustains intracellular energy homeostasis through the degradation of cellular components, is implicated in regulating adipogenesis. Furthermore, adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ, producing various cytokines, and certain inflammatory factors, in turn, modulate autophagy and adipogenesis. Additionally, autophagy influences intracellular redox homeostasis by regulating reactive oxygen species, which play pivotal roles in adipogenesis. There is a growing interest in exploring the involvement of autophagy, inflammation, and oxidative stress in adipogenesis. The present manuscript reviews the impact of autophagy, oxidative stress, and inflammation on the regulation of adipogenesis and, for the first time, discusses their interactions during adipogenesis. An integrated analysis of the role of autophagy, inflammation and oxidative stress will contribute to elucidating the mechanisms of adipogenesis and expediting the exploration of molecular targets for treating obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Baohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyun Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangxing Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Dongsheng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Chuanhuo Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chenyu Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health- Hong Kong University (GIBH-HKU) Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sutian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li S, Xu R, Yao Y, Rousseau D. ATAD3 is a limiting factor in mitochondrial biogenesis and adipogenesis of white adipocyte-like 3T3-L1 cells. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 38923254 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
ATAD3 is a vital ATPase of the inner mitochondrial membrane of pluri-cellular eukaryotes, with largely unknown functions but early required for organism development as necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis. ATAD3 knock-down in C. elegans inhibits at first the development of adipocyte-like intestinal tissue so we used mouse adipocyte model 3T3-L1 cells to analyze ATAD3 functions during adipogenesis and lipogenesis in a mammalian model. ATAD3 function was studied by stable and transient modulation of ATAD3 expression in adipogenesis- induced 3T3-L1 cells using Knock-Down and overexpression strategies, exploring different steps of adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. We show that (i) an increase in ATAD3 is preceding differentiation-induced mitochondrial biogenesis; (ii) downregulation of ATAD3 inhibits adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and impedes overexpression of many mitochondrial proteins; (iii) ATAD3 re-expression rescues the phenotype of ATAD3 KD, and (iv) differentiation and lipogenesis are accelerated by ATAD3 overexpression, but inhibited by expression of a dominant-negative mutant. We further show that the ATAD3 KD phenotype is not due to altered insulin signal but involves a limitation of mitochondrial biogenesis linked to Drp1. These results demonstrate that ATAD3 is limiting for in vitro mitochondrial biogenesis and adipogenesis/lipogenesis and therefore that ATAD3 mutation/over- or under-expression could be involved in adipogenic and lipogenic pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuijie Li
- Department of Biology, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Rui Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Denis Rousseau
- Department of Biology, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique-Interfaces entre Matériaux et Matière Biologique -Institut National Polytechnique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité Mixte de Recherche, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han HS, Soundharrajan I, Valan Arasu M, Kim D, Choi KC. Leuconostoc Citreum Inhibits Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis by Inhibiting p38 MAPK/Erk 44/42 and Stimulating AMPKα Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7367. [PMID: 37108530 PMCID: PMC10138540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics provide a range of health benefits. Several studies have shown that using probiotics in obesity treatment can reduce bodyweight. However, such treatments are still restricted. Leuconostoc citreum, an epiphytic bacterium, is widely used in a variety of biological applications. However, few studies have investigated the role of Leuconostoc spp. in adipocyte differentiation and its molecular mechanisms. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of cell-free metabolites of L. citreum (LSC) on adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results showed that LSC treatment reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets and expression levels of CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein-α & β (C/EBP-α & β), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), serum regulatory binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), resistin, pp38MAPK, and pErk 44/42. However, compared to control cells, adiponectin, an insulin sensitizer, was elevated in adipocytes treated with LSC. In addition, LSC treatment increased lipolysis by increasing pAMPK-α and suppressing FAS, ACC, and PPAR-γ expression, similarly to the effects of AICAR, an AMPK agonist. In conclusion, L. citreum is a novel probiotic strain that can be used to treat obesity and its associated metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Shim Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Sunchon University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ilavenil Soundharrajan
- Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dahye Kim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang AJT, Mohammad A, Tsiani E, Necakov A, MacPherson REK. Chronic AMPK Activation Reduces the Expression and Alters Distribution of Synaptic Proteins in Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152354. [PMID: 35954198 PMCID: PMC9367429 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal growth and synaptic function are dependent on precise protein production and turnover at the synapse. AMPK-activated protein kinase (AMPK) represents a metabolic node involved in energy sensing and in regulating synaptic protein homeostasis. However, there is ambiguity surrounding the role of AMPK in regulating neuronal growth and health. This study examined the effect of chronic AMPK activation on markers of synaptic function and growth. Retinoic-acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were treated with A-769662 (100 nM) or Compound C (30 nM) for 1, 3, or 5 days before AMPK, mTORC1, and markers for synapse function were examined. Cell morphology, neuronal marker content, and location were quantified after 5 days of treatment. AMPK phosphorylation was maintained throughout all 5 days of treatment with A-769662 and resulted in chronic mTORC1 inhibition. Lower total, soma, and neuritic neuronal marker contents were observed following 5 d of AMPK activation. Neurite protein abundance and distribution was lower following 5 days of A-769662 treatment. Our data suggest that chronic AMPK activation impacts synaptic protein content and reduces neurite protein abundance and distribution. These results highlight a distinct role that metabolism plays on markers of synapse health and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. T. Yang
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (A.J.T.Y.); (A.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Ahmad Mohammad
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (A.J.T.Y.); (A.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (A.J.T.Y.); (A.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Aleksandar Necakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Rebecca E. K. MacPherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (A.J.T.Y.); (A.M.); (E.T.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bhandari C, Agnihotr N. Pine nut oil supplementation alleviates the obesogenic effects in high-fat diet induced obese rats: A comparative study between epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Nutr Res 2022; 106:85-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
The Potential to Fight Obesity with Adipogenesis Modulating Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042299. [PMID: 35216415 PMCID: PMC8879274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an increasingly severe public health problem, which brings huge social and economic burdens. Increased body adiposity in obesity is not only tightly associated with type 2 diabetes, but also significantly increases the risks of other chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, fatty liver diseases and cancers. Adipogenesis describes the process of the differentiation and maturation of adipocytes, which accumulate in distributed adipose tissue at various sites in the body. The major functions of white adipocytes are to store energy as fat during periods when energy intake exceeds expenditure and to mobilize this stored fuel when energy expenditure exceeds intake. Brown/beige adipocytes contribute to non-shivering thermogenesis upon cold exposure and adrenergic stimulation, and thereby promote energy consumption. The imbalance of energy intake and expenditure causes obesity. Recent interest in epigenetics and signaling pathways has utilized small molecule tools aimed at modifying obesity-specific gene expression. In this review, we discuss compounds with adipogenesis-related signaling pathways and epigenetic modulating properties that have been identified as potential therapeutic agents which cast some light on the future treatment of obesity.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee HY, Lee GH, Yoon Y, Hoang TH, Chae HJ. IBF-R Regulates IRE1α Post-Translational Modifications and ER Stress in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010217. [PMID: 35011092 PMCID: PMC8746979 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health issue linked to the heightened risk of several chronic diseases. Rhus verniciflua (RV) is a traditional food supplement used for a range of pharmacological effects such as antitumor, antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, hepatitis, and arthritis. Despite the traditional medicinal values, scientific evidence for its application in obesity is inadequate and unclear. Thus, this investigation was designed to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of IBF-R, an RV extract, using a high-fat diet (HFD) model. The study has six groups: chow diet group; chow diet with 80 mg/kg IBF-R; HFD group; IBF-R group with 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg. IBF-R supplementation significantly regulated the weight gain than the HFD fed mice. Further, IBF-R supplementation lowered the expressions of adipogenic transcription factors such as SREBP-1c, C/EBPα, FAS, and PPAR-γ in white adipose tissue (WAT) of diet-induced obese mice. In addition, IBF-R supplementation reduced the lipogenic gene expression while enhancing genes was related to fatty acid oxidation. Obesity is linked to redox-based post-translational modifications (PTMs) of IRE1α such as S-nitrosylation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and chronic metabolic inflammation. The administration of IBF-R inhibits these PTMs. Notably, IBF-R administration significantly enhanced the expression of AMPK and sirtuin 1 in WAT of HFD-fed mice. Together, these findings reveal the IRE1α S-nitrosylation-inflammation axis as a novel mechanism behind the positive implications of IBF-R on obesity. In addition, it lays a firm foundation for the development of Rhus verniciflua extract as a functional ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of New Drug Development, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (G.-H.L.); (T.-H.H.)
| | - Geum-Hwa Lee
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (G.-H.L.); (T.-H.H.)
| | - Young Yoon
- Imsil Cheese & Food Research Institute, Doin 2-gil, Seongsu-myeon, Imsil-gun 55918, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
| | - The-Hiep Hoang
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (G.-H.L.); (T.-H.H.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (G.-H.L.); (T.-H.H.)
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3092
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abdallah BM, Alzahrani AM. A-769662 stimulates the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts via AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. J Appl Biomed 2021; 19:159-169. [PMID: 34907759 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2021.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling shows an important role in energy metabolism and has recently been involved in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. In this study we aimed to investigate the role of AMPK activator, A-769662, in regulating the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (BMSCs) into osteoblastic and adipocytic cell lineage. The effect of A-769662 on osteogenesis was assessed by quantitative alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, matrix mineralization stained with Alizarin red, and gene expression analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Adipogenesis was determined by Oil Red O staining for fat droplets and qPCR analysis of adipogenic markers. A-769662 activated the phosphorylation of AMPKα1 during the osteogenesis of mBMSCs as revealed by western blot analysis. A-769662 promoted the early stage of the commitment of mouse (m) BMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts, while inhibiting their differentiation into adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of A-769662 on stimulating osteogenesis and inhibiting adipogenesis of mBMSCs were significantly eliminated in the presence of either AMPKα1 siRNA or Compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK pathway. In conclusion, we identified A-769662 as a new compound that promotes the commitment of BMSCs into osteoblasts versus adipocytes via AMPK-dependent mechanism. Thus our data show A-769662 as a potential osteo-anabolic drug for treatment of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah M Alzahrani
- King Faisal University, College of Science, Biological Sciences Department, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hoang TH, Yoon Y, Park SA, Lee HY, Peng C, Kim JH, Lee GH, Chae HJ. IBF-R, a botanical extract of Rhus verniciflua controls obesity in which AMPK-SIRT1 axis and ROS regulatory mechanism are involved in mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
11
|
Choi E, Baek S, Baek K, Kim HK. Psidium guajava L. leaf extract inhibits adipocyte differentiation and improves insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells. Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:568-578. [PMID: 34603605 PMCID: PMC8446691 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.5.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves have been shown to exhibit hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects in rodents. This study investigated the effects of guava leaf extract on adipogenesis, glucose uptake, and lipolysis of adipocytes to examine whether the antidiabetic properties are mediated through direct effects on adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS 3T3-L1 cells were treated with 25, 50, 100 µg/mL of methanol extract from guava leaf extract (GLE) or 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide as a control. Lipid accumulation was evaluated with Oil Red O Staining and AdipoRed assay. Immunoblotting was performed to measure the expression of adipogenic transcription factors, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Glucose uptake under basal or insulin-stimulated condition was measured using a glucose analog 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Lipolysis from fully differentiated adipocytes was measured by free fatty acids release into the culture medium in the presence or absence of epinephrine. RESULTS Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay have shown that GLE treatment reduced lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. Mitotic clonal expansion, an early essential event for adipocyte differentiation, was inhibited by GLE treatment. GLE inhibited the expression of transcription factors involved in adipocyte differentiation, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). FAS expression was also decreased while the phosphorylation of AMPK was increased by GLE treatment. In addition, GLE increased insulin-induced glucose uptake into adipocytes. In lipid-filled mature adipocytes, GLE enhanced epinephrine-induced lipolysis but reduced basal lipolysis dose-dependently. CONCLUSIONS The results show that GLE inhibits adipogenesis and improves adipocyte function by reducing basal lipolysis and increasing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes, which can be partly associated with antidiabetic effects of guava leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
| | - Seoyoung Baek
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
| | - Kuanglim Baek
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Zengin G, Negrut N, Nistor-Cseppento DC, Pavel FM, Corb Aron RA, Bungau S. Exploring the Genetic Conception of Obesity via the Dual Role of FoxO. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity or overweight are not superficial problems, constituting a pressing issue. The obesity index has almost tripled since 1975, which is an alarming state. Most of the individuals are currently becoming overweight or have inappropriate body mass index (BMI) conditions. Obesity is characterized by increased fat accumulation and thus poses a higher health risk. There is increased size and volume of fat cells in the body, which usually accounts for obesity. Many investigations have been carried out in this area, such as behavioral improvements, dietary changes, chemical involvements, etc., but presently no such goals are established to manage these health concerns. Based on previous literature reports and our interpretation, the current review indicates the involvement of various transcriptional and transporter functions in modifying the above-mentioned health conditions. Various transcriptional factors such as Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) impart a significant effect on the physiology and pathology of metabolic dysfunction such as obesity. FoxO1 plays a dual role whether in the progression or suppression of metabolic processes depending on its targets. Thus, in the current study, will be discussed the dual role of FoxO1 in metabolic conditions (such as obesity), also summarizing the role of various other transcriptional factors involved in obesity.
Collapse
|
13
|
Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Zengin G, Negrut N, Nistor-Cseppento DC, Pavel FM, Corb Aron RA, Bungau S. Exploring the Genetic Conception of Obesity via the Dual Role of FoxO. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063179. [PMID: 33804729 PMCID: PMC8003860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity or overweight are not superficial problems, constituting a pressing issue. The obesity index has almost tripled since 1975, which is an alarming state. Most of the individuals are currently becoming overweight or have inappropriate body mass index (BMI) conditions. Obesity is characterized by increased fat accumulation and thus poses a higher health risk. There is increased size and volume of fat cells in the body, which usually accounts for obesity. Many investigations have been carried out in this area, such as behavioral improvements, dietary changes, chemical involvements, etc., but presently no such goals are established to manage these health concerns. Based on previous literature reports and our interpretation, the current review indicates the involvement of various transcriptional and transporter functions in modifying the above-mentioned health conditions. Various transcriptional factors such as Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) impart a significant effect on the physiology and pathology of metabolic dysfunction such as obesity. FoxO1 plays a dual role whether in the progression or suppression of metabolic processes depending on its targets. Thus, in the current study, will be discussed the dual role of FoxO1 in metabolic conditions (such as obesity), also summarizing the role of various other transcriptional factors involved in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.); Tel.: +40-726-776-588 (S.B.)
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Nicoleta Negrut
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (N.N.); (D.C.N.-C.)
| | - Delia Carmen Nistor-Cseppento
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (N.N.); (D.C.N.-C.)
| | - Flavia Maria Pavel
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.P.); (R.A.C.A.)
| | - Raluca Anca Corb Aron
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.P.); (R.A.C.A.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.); Tel.: +40-726-776-588 (S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ahmad B, Serpell CJ, Fong IL, Wong EH. Molecular Mechanisms of Adipogenesis: The Anti-adipogenic Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:76. [PMID: 32457917 PMCID: PMC7226927 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now a widespread disorder, and its prevalence has become a critical concern worldwide, due to its association with common co-morbidities like cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and therefore plays a critical role in the survival of an individual, but its dysfunction or excess is directly linked to obesity. The journey from multipotent mesenchymal stem cells to the formation of mature adipocytes is a well-orchestrated program which requires the expression of several genes, their transcriptional factors, and signaling intermediates from numerous pathways. Understanding all the intricacies of adipogenesis is vital if we are to counter the current epidemic of obesity because the limited understanding of these intricacies is the main barrier to the development of potent therapeutic strategies against obesity. In particular, AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) plays a crucial role in regulating adipogenesis – it is arguably the central cellular energy regulation protein of the body. Since AMPK promotes the development of brown adipose tissue over that of white adipose tissue, special attention has been given to its role in adipose tissue development in recent years. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms involved in adipogenesis, the role of signaling pathways and the substantial role of activated AMPK in the inhibition of adiposity, concluding with observations which will support the development of novel chemotherapies against obesity epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Isabel Lim Fong
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Eng Hwa Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cheng YH, Dong JC, Bian Q. Small molecules for mesenchymal stem cell fate determination. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:1084-1103. [PMID: 31875870 PMCID: PMC6904864 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i12.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells harboring self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential that are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, adipocytes, or chondrocytes in vitro, and regulating the bone marrow microenvironment and adipose tissue remodeling in vivo. The process of fate determination is initiated by signaling molecules that drive MSCs into a specific lineage. Impairment of MSC fate determination leads to different bone and adipose tissue-related diseases, including aging, osteoporosis, and insulin resistance. Much progress has been made in recent years in discovering small molecules and their underlying mechanisms control the cell fate of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarize recent findings in applying small molecules to the trilineage commitment of MSCs, for instance, genistein, medicarpin, and icariin for the osteogenic cell fate commitment; isorhamnetin, risedronate, and arctigenin for pro-adipogenesis; and atractylenolides and dihydroartemisinin for chondrogenic fate determination. We highlight the underlying mechanisms, including direct regulation, epigenetic modification, and post-translational modification of signaling molecules in the AMPK, MAPK, Notch, PI3K/AKT, Hedgehog signaling pathways etc. and discuss the small molecules that are currently being studied in clinical trials. The target-based manipulation of lineage-specific commitment by small molecules offers substantial insights into bone marrow microenvironment regulation, adipose tissue homeostasis, and therapeutic strategies for MSC-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Cheng
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Jing-Cheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qin Bian
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jung TW, Kim HC, Shin YK, Min H, Cho SW, Kim ZS, Han SM, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacımüftüoğlu A, Jeong JH. Humulus japonicus stimulates thermogenesis and ameliorates oxidative stress in mouse adipocytes. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 63:1-9. [PMID: 30978698 DOI: 10.1530/jme-19-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An aqueous extract of Humulus japonicus (AH) has been documented to ameliorate hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we investigated the effects of an aqueous extract of AH on thermogenesis and palmitate-induced oxidative stress in adipocytes. To verify the effect of AH on browning, we measured the expression levels of specific markers in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. To assess the role of oxidative stress, cells were stained with DCFDA and observed by fluorescence microscopy. AH increased the expression of brown adipose tissue-specific markers. Additionally, it induced fatty acid oxidation and lipolysis and suppressed both lipogenic markers and lipid accumulation. Furthermore, AH ameliorated hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Enhanced expression of these markers contributed to fat browning, fatty acid oxidation and lipolysis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) signaling pathways. Moreover, AMPK and PPARδ resulting in protective effects of AH against oxidative stress. In sum, AH could promote the browning, lipolysis and thermogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and would suppress the hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and lipogenesis during differentiation. We therefore suggest that AH could be used as a potential candidate for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyoo Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Min
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Wan Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Biotechnology, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zi Soo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Mi Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
AMP-activated protein kinase complexes containing the β2 regulatory subunit are up-regulated during and contribute to adipogenesis. Biochem J 2019; 476:1725-1740. [PMID: 31189568 PMCID: PMC6595317 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimer of α-catalytic and β- and γ-regulatory subunits that acts to regulate cellular and whole-body nutrient metabolism. The key role of AMPK in sensing energy status has led to significant interest in AMPK as a therapeutic target for dysfunctional metabolism in type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and obesity. Despite the actions of AMPK in the liver and skeletal muscle being extensively studied, the role of AMPK in adipose tissue and adipocytes remains less well characterised. Small molecules that selectively influence AMPK heterotrimers containing specific AMPKβ subunit isoforms have been developed, including MT47-100, which selectively inhibits complexes containing AMPKβ2. AMPKβ1 and AMPKβ2 are the principal AMPKβ subunit isoforms in rodent liver and skeletal muscle, respectively, yet the contribution of specific AMPKβ isoforms to adipose tissue function, however, remains largely unknown. This study therefore sought to determine the contribution of AMPKβ subunit isoforms to adipocyte biology, focussing on adipogenesis. AMPKβ2 was the principal AMPKβ isoform in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, isolated rodent adipocytes and human subcutaneous adipose tissue, as assessed by the contribution to total cellular AMPK activity. Down-regulation of AMPKβ2 with siRNA inhibited lipid accumulation, cellular adiponectin levels and adiponectin secretion during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis, whereas down-regulation of AMPKβ1 had no effect. Incubation of 3T3-L1 cells with MT47-100 selectively inhibited AMPK complexes containing AMPKβ2 whilst simultaneously inhibiting cellular lipid accumulation as well as cellular levels and secretion of adiponectin. Taken together, these data indicate that increased expression of AMPKβ2 is an important feature of efficient adipogenesis.
Collapse
|
18
|
Xie J, Wang Y, Jiang WW, Luo XF, Dai TY, Peng L, Song S, Li LF, Tao L, Shi CY, Hao RS, Xiao R, Tian Y, Sheng J. Moringa oleifera Leaf Petroleum Ether Extract Inhibits Lipogenesis by Activating the AMPK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1447. [PMID: 30618744 PMCID: PMC6305553 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, obesity has become a key factor affecting human health. Moringa oleifera Lam. is a perennial tropical deciduous tree, which is widely used in human medicine due to its nutritional and unique medicinal value. It has a cholesterol-lowering effect, but its mechanism of action is unclear. In this study, we elucidated the inhibitory effect of M. oleifera leaf petroleum ether extract (MOPEE) on lipid accumulation by in vitro and in vivo experiments, and we described its mechanism of action. MOPEE suppressed adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner and had no effect on cell viability at doses up to 400 μg/ml. Furthermore, MOPEE (400 μg/ml) significantly downregulated the expression of adipogenesis-associated proteins [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins α and β (C/EBPα and C/EBPβ), and fatty acid synthase (FAS)] and upregulated the expression of a lipolysis-associated protein [hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)] in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Additionally, MOPEE (400 μg/ml) significantly increased the degree of phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). An AMPK inhibitor reversed the MOPEE-induced activation of AMPKα and ACC in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Animal experiments showed that, in high-fat diet (HFD) mice, MOPEE [0.5 g/kg body weight (BW)] effectively decreased BW; relative epididymal, perirenal, and mesenteric fat weight and fat tissue size; and hepatic fat accumulation. Furthermore, MOPEE markedly reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Moreover, MOPEE significantly downregulated the expression of adipogenesis-associated proteins (PPARγ and FAS) and upregulated the expression of a lipolysis-associated protein [adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)] in HFD mice hepatic and epididymal fat tissue. Additionally, MOPEE markedly increased the degree of phosphorylation of AMPKα and ACC in HFD mice hepatic and epididymal fat tissue. Following ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) analysis, three phytocompounds (isoquercitrin, chrysin-7-glucoside, and quercitrin) were identified as compounds with relatively high levels in MOPEE. Among them, quercitrin showed excellent fat accumulation inhibitory activity, and the three compounds had synergistic effects in inhibiting adipogenesis. Taken together, MOPEE inhibits fat accumulation by inhibiting the adipogenesis and promoting the lipolysis, and this process is related to AMPK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei-Wei Jiang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuan-Fei Luo
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tian-Yi Dai
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Research Institute of Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry, Kunming, China
| | - Shuang Song
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling-Fei Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chong-Ying Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruo-Shi Hao
- Research Institute of Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Research Institute of Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li CC, Yen CC, Fan CT, Chuang WT, Huang CS, Chen HW, Lii CK. 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide suppresses adipogenesis of 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes by inhibiting CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β activation and AMPK-mediated mitotic clonal expansion. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 359:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
20
|
Seo YJ, Kim KJ, Choi J, Koh EJ, Lee BY. Spirulina maxima Extract Reduces Obesity through Suppression of Adipogenesis and Activation of Browning in 3T3-L1 Cells and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060712. [PMID: 29865208 PMCID: PMC6024816 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity predisposes animals towards the metabolic syndrome and diseases such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Spirulina maxima is a microalga with anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective activities, but the anti-obesity effect of Spirulina maxima 70% ethanol extract (SM70EE) has not yet been fully established. We investigated the effect of SM70EE on adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and browning using in vitro and in vivo obesity models. SM70EE treatment reduced lipid droplet accumulation by the oil red O staining method and downregulated the adipogenic proteins C/EBPα, PPARγ, and aP2, and the lipogenic proteins SREBP1, ACC, FAS, LPAATβ, Lipin1, and DGAT1 by western blot analysis. In addition, the index components of SM70EE, chlorophyll a, and C-phycocyanin, reduced adipogenesis and lipogenesis protein levels in 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 cells. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice administered with SM70EE demonstrated smaller adipose depots and lower blood lipid concentrations than control HFD-fed mice. The lower body mass gain in treated SM70EE-administrated mice was associated with lower protein expression of adipogenesis factors and higher expression of AMPKα-induced adipose browning proteins PRDM16, PGC1α, and UCP1. SM70EE administration ameliorates obesity, likely by reducing adipogenesis and activating the thermogenic program, in 3T3-L1 cells and HFD-induced obese mice.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipocytes, Brown/drug effects
- Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
- Adipocytes, Brown/pathology
- Adipocytes, White/drug effects
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/pathology
- Adipogenesis/drug effects
- Adiposity/drug effects
- Animals
- Anti-Obesity Agents/isolation & purification
- Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Lipid Droplets/drug effects
- Lipid Droplets/metabolism
- Lipid Droplets/pathology
- Lipids/blood
- Lipogenesis/drug effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Obesity/blood
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Obesity/prevention & control
- Spirulina/chemistry
- Thermogenesis/drug effects
- Time Factors
- Weight Gain/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi 463-400, Korea.
| | - Kui-Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi 463-400, Korea.
| | - Jia Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi 463-400, Korea.
| | - Eun-Jeong Koh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi 463-400, Korea.
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi 463-400, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu L, Zhang L, Li B, Jiang H, Duan Y, Xie Z, Shuai L, Li J, Li J. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Regulates Energy Metabolism through Modulating Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29515462 PMCID: PMC5826329 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity occurs when excess energy accumulates in white adipose tissue (WAT), whereas brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is specialized in dissipating energy through thermogenesis, potently counteracts obesity. White adipocytes can be converted to thermogenic "brown-like" cells (beige cells; WAT browning) under various stimuli, such as cold exposure. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial energy sensor that regulates energy metabolism in multiple tissues. However, the role of AMPK in adipose tissue function, especially in the WAT browning process, is not fully understood. To illuminate the effect of adipocyte AMPK on energy metabolism, we generated Adiponectin-Cre-driven adipose tissue-specific AMPK α1/α2 KO mice (AKO). These AKO mice were cold intolerant and their inguinal WAT displayed impaired mitochondrial integrity and biogenesis, and reduced expression of thermogenic markers upon cold exposure. High-fat-diet (HFD)-fed AKO mice exhibited increased adiposity and exacerbated hepatic steatosis and fibrosis and impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Meanwhile, energy expenditure and oxygen consumption were markedly decreased in the AKO mice both in basal conditions and after stimulation with a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, CL 316,243. In contrast, we found that in HFD-fed obese mouse model, chronic AMPK activation by A-769662 protected against obesity and related metabolic dysfunction. A-769662 alleviated HFD-induced glucose intolerance and reduced body weight gain and WAT expansion. Notably, A-769662 increased energy expenditure and cold tolerance in HFD-fed mice. A-769662 treatment also induced the browning process in the inguinal fat depot of HFD-fed mice. Likewise, A-769662 enhanced thermogenesis in differentiated inguinal stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells via AMPK signaling pathway. In summary, a lack of adipocyte AMPKα induced thermogenic impairment and obesity in response to cold and nutrient-overload, respectively, whereas chronic AMPK activation by A-769662 promoted WAT browning in inguinal WAT and protected against HFD-induced obesity and related metabolic dysfunction. These findings reveal a vital role for adipocyte AMPK in regulating the browning process in inguinal WAT and in maintaining energy homeostasis, which suggests that the targeted activation of adipocyte AMPK may be a promising strategy for anti-obesity therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Duan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ruegsegger GN, Sevage JA, Childs TE, Grigsby KB, Booth FW. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide prevents fat gain following the cessation of voluntary physical activity. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:1474-1485. [PMID: 28786140 DOI: 10.1113/ep086335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? We investigated whether 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) could prevent acute increases in body fat and changes in omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue following the sudden transition from physical activity to physical inactivity. What is the main finding and its importance? AICAR prevented fat gains following the transition from physical activity to inactivity to levels comparable to rats that remained physically active. AICAR and continuous physical activity produced depot-specific changes in cyclin A1 mRNA and protein that were associated with the prevention of fat gain. These findings suggest that targeting AMP-activated protein kinase signalling could oppose rapid adipose mass growth. The transition from physical activity to inactivity is associated with drastic increases in 'catch-up' fat that in turn foster the development of many obesity-associated maladies. We tested whether 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) treatment would prevent gains in body fat following the sudden transition from a physically active state to an inactive state by locking a voluntary running wheel. Male Wistar rats were either sedentary (SED) or given wheel access for 4 weeks, at which time rats with wheels continued running (RUN), had their wheel locked (WL) or had WL with daily AICAR injection (WL + AICAR) for 1 week. RUN and WL + AICAR prevented gains in body fat compared with SED and WL (P < 0.001). Cyclin A1 mRNA, a marker of cell proliferation, was decreased in omental, but not subcutaneous adipose tissue, in RUN and WL + AICAR compared with SED and WL groups (P < 0.05). Both cyclin A1 mRNA and protein were positively associated with gains in fat mass (P < 0.05). Cyclin A1 mRNA in omental, but not subcutaneous, adipose tissue was negatively correlated with p-AMPK levels (P < 0.05). Differences in fat gain and omental mRNA and protein levels were independent of changes in food intake and in differences in select hypothalamic mRNAs. These findings suggest that AICAR treatment prevents acute gains in adipose tissue following physical inactivity to levels of rats that continuously run, and that together, continuous physical activity and AICAR could, at least initially in these conditions, exert similar inhibitory effects on adipogenesis in a depot-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph A Sevage
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Thomas E Childs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kolter B Grigsby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xu Z, Liu J, Shan T. New Roles of Lkb1 in Regulating Adipose Tissue Development and Thermogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2296-2298. [PMID: 27731500 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissues regulate energy metabolism and reproduction. There are three types of adipocytes (brown, white, and beige adipocytes) in mammals. White adipocytes store energy and are closely associated with obesity and other metabolic diseases. The beige and brown adipocytes have numerous mitochondria and high levels of UCP1 that dissipates lipid to generate heat and defend against obesity. The global epidemic of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases urge an imperative need for understating the regulation of adipogenesis. Liver kinase B1 (Lkb1), also called STK11, is a master kinase of the AMPK subfamily and plays crucial roles in regulating glucose and energy homeostasis in various metabolic tissues. In this review, we focus on the regulatory roles of Lkb1 in regulating preadipocyte differentiation, adipose tissue development, and thermogenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2296-2298, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lim H, Park J, Kim HL, Kang J, Jeong MY, Youn DH, Jung Y, Kim YI, Kim HJ, Ahn KS, Kim SJ, Choe SK, Hong SH, Um JY. Chrysophanic Acid Suppresses Adipogenesis and Induces Thermogenesis by Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Alpha In vivo and In vitro. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:476. [PMID: 28008317 PMCID: PMC5143616 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysophanic acid (CA) is a member of the anthraquinone family abundant in rhubarb, a widely used herb for obesity treatment in Traditional Korean Medicine. Though several studies have indicated numerous features of CA, no study has yet reported the effect of CA on obesity. In this study, we tried to identify the anti-obesity effects of CA. By using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and primary cultured brown adipocytes as in vitro models, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, and zebrafish as in vivo models, we determined the anti-obesity effects of CA. CA reduced weight gain in HFD-induced obese mice. They also decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of adipogenesis factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), the brown fat specific thermogenic genes, were up-regulated in brown adipocytes by CA treatment. Furthermore, when co-treated with Compound C, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, the action of CA on AMPKα was nullified in both types of adipocytes, indicating the multi-controlling effect of CA was partially via the AMPKα pathway. Given all together, these results indicate that CA can ameliorate obesity by controlling the adipogenic and thermogenic pathway at the same time. On these bases, we suggest the new potential of CA as an anti-obese pharmacotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hara Lim
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Lin Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JongWook Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Jeong
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Youn
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yunu Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University Iksan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Haany University Kyungsan, South Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University Iksan, South Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University Iksan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cheng J, Zhang T, Ji H, Tao K, Guo J, Wei W. Functional characterization of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:232-251. [PMID: 27681874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a ubiquitously expressed metabolic sensor among various species. Specifically, cellular AMPK is phosphorylated and activated under certain stressful conditions, such as energy deprivation, in turn to activate diversified downstream substrates to modulate the adaptive changes and maintain metabolic homeostasis. Recently, emerging evidences have implicated the potential roles of AMPK signaling in tumor initiation and progression. Nevertheless, a comprehensive description on such topic is still in scarcity, especially in combination of its biochemical features with mouse modeling results to elucidate the physiological role of AMPK signaling in tumorigenesis. Hence, we performed this thorough review by summarizing the tumorigenic role of each component along the AMPK signaling, comprising of both its upstream and downstream effectors. Moreover, their functional interplay with the AMPK heterotrimer and exclusive efficacies in carcinogenesis were chiefly explained among genetically altered mice models. Importantly, the pharmaceutical investigations of AMPK relevant medications have also been highlighted. In summary, in this review, we not only elucidate the potential functions of AMPK signaling pathway in governing tumorigenesis, but also potentiate the future targeted strategy aiming for better treatment of aberrant metabolism-associated diseases, including cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hongbin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Udalamaththa VL, Jayasinghe CD, Udagama PV. Potential role of herbal remedies in stem cell therapy: proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:110. [PMID: 27515026 PMCID: PMC4982011 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has revolutionized modern clinical therapy with the potential of stem cells to differentiate into many different cell types which may help to replace different cell lines of an organism. Innumerous trials are carried out to merge new scientific knowledge and techniques with traditional herbal extracts that may result in less toxic, affordable, and highly available natural alternative therapeutics. Currently, mesenchyamal stromal cell (MSC) lines are treated with individual and mixtures of crude herbal extracts, as well as with purified compounds from herbal extracts, to investigate the mechanisms and effects of these on stem cell growth and differentiation. Human MSCs (hMSCs) possess multilineage, i.e., osteogenic, neurogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic, differentiation abilities. The proliferative and differentiation properties of hMSCs treated with herbal extracts have shown promise in diseases such as osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders, and other tissue degenerative disorders. Well characterized herbal extracts that result in increased rates of tissue regeneration may be used in both stem cell therapy and tissue engineering for replacement therapy, where the use of scaffolds and vesicles with enhanced attaching and proliferative properties could be highly advantageous in the latter. Although the clinical application of herbal extracts is still in progress due to the variability and complexity of bioactive constituents, standardized herbal preparations will strengthen their application in the clinical context. We have critically reviewed the proliferative and differentiation effects of individual herbal extracts on hMSCs mainly derived from bone marrow and elaborated on the plausible underlying mechanisms of action. To be fruitfully used in reparative and regenerative therapy, future directions in this area of study should (i) make use of hMSCs derived from different non-traditional sources, including medical waste material (umbilical cord, Wharton's jelly, and placenta), (ii) take account of the vast numbers of herbal extracts used in traditional medicine globally, and (iii) investigate the mechanisms and pathways of their effects on hMSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chanika Dilumi Jayasinghe
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, P.O. Box 1490, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Preethi Vidya Udagama
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, P.O. Box 1490, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Choi JW, Kim M, Song H, Lee CS, Oh WK, Mook-Jung I, Chung SS, Park KS. DMC (2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone) improves glucose tolerance as a potent AMPK activator. Metabolism 2016; 65:533-42. [PMID: 26975545 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect and regulatory mechanism of 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC) isolated from Cleistocalyx operculatus on metabolic parameters in myotubes, adipocytes and an obese mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Myotubes and adipocytes were incubated with or without DMC. Glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, AMPK activation and adipocytes differentiation were investigated. To examine in vivo effect of DMC, 30mg/kg/day DMC was administered by oral gavage for 2weeks in high fat fed C57BL/6 male mice and intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test was performed. In order to examine whether DMC directly activates AMPK, we performed cell free AMPK assay and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy analysis. RESULT DMC increases glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in myotubes. Also, DMC inhibits adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Interestingly, DMC stimulates phosphorylation of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) alpha subunit (T172) by directly binding to AMPK, which results in the activation of AMPK. Furthermore, DMC binds AMPK with a higher affinity than AMP. When AMPK was knocked down, the stimulatory effect of DMC on FAO and its inhibitory effect on adipogenesis were abolished. These results suggest that the effects of DMC were primarily mediated by AMPK activation. In addition, treating mice fed a high fat diet with DMC improved glucose tolerance and significantly increased FAO of the muscles. CONCLUSION DMC, as a novel AMPK activator, shows anti-diabetic effects in cell culture systems, such as myotubes and adipocytes, and in a diet-induced obese mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyundong Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soon Lee
- Nanomol Inc. and Gil Hospital, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sung YY, Kim DS, Kim HK. Akebia quinata extract exerts anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects in high-fat diet-fed mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 168:17-24. [PMID: 25835369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dry ripe fruit of the Akebia quinata (A. quinata) plant is used as an analgesic, an antiphlogistic, and a diuretic in traditional medicine. A. quinata has also been used in Korea as a crude drug for treating obesity. The aim of the study was to determine the anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of A. quinata extract (AQE) in mice consuming a high-fat diet and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured obesity-related physiological parameters, gene expression, and protein phosphorylation in mice consuming a high-fat diet supplemented with AQE (400mg/kg/day) for 6.5 weeks. RESULTS AQE reduced gain in body weight, adipose tissue weight, and serum lipid levels in mice consuming a high-fat diet. AQE supplementation reduced expression of genes related to adipogenesis and increased expression of PPARα, acetyl-CoA oxidase, and adiponectin in the epididymal adipose tissue. Furthermore, AQE increased phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, both of which are related to fatty acid oxidation, in vivo. HPLC analysis revealed that AQE contained chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, and isochlorogenic acid C. AQE and all of these constituents inhibited differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and enhanced AMPK phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the AQE exerted anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects in mice consuming a high-fat diet by regulating adipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation via AMPK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Young Sung
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Seon Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Kyoung Kim
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Di Giacomo C, Vanella L, Sorrenti V, Santangelo R, Barbagallo I, Calabrese G, Genovese C, Mastrojeni S, Ragusa S, Acquaviva R. Effects of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray extract on adipocyte differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122320. [PMID: 25848759 PMCID: PMC4388505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (Asteraceae) is widely used in traditional medicine. There is increasing interest on the in vivo protective effects of natural compounds contained in plants against oxidative damage caused from reactive oxygen species. In the present study the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of aqueous, methanol and dichloromethane extracts of leaves of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray were determined; furthermore, free radical scavenging capacity of each extract and the ability of these extracts to inhibit in vitro plasma lipid peroxidation were also evaluated. Since oxidative stress may be involved in trasformation of pre-adipocytes into adipocytes, to test the hypothesis that Tithonia extract may also affect adipocyte differentiation, human mesenchymal stem cell cultures were treated with Tithonia diversifolia aqueous extract and cell viability, free radical levels, Oil-Red O staining and western bolt analysis for heme oxygenase and 5'-adenosine monophoshate-activated protein kinase were carried out. Results obtained in the present study provide evidence that Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray exhibits interesting health promoting properties, resulting both from its free radical scavenger capacity and also by induction of protective cellular systems involved in cellular stress defenses and in adipogenesis of mesenchymal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Giacomo
- Dept. of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Dept. of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Dept. of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa Santangelo
- Dept. of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Dept. of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Genovese
- Dept. of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvana Mastrojeni
- Dept. of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ragusa
- Dept. of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosaria Acquaviva
- Dept. of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gormand A, Berggreen C, Amar L, Henriksson E, Lund I, Albinsson S, Göransson O. LKB1 signalling attenuates early events of adipogenesis and responds to adipogenic cues. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 53:117-30. [PMID: 24859970 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) is required for the induction of adipogenic transcription factors such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs). Interestingly, it is known from studies in other tissues that LKB1 and its substrates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) negatively regulate gene expression by phosphorylating the CREB co-activator CRTC2 and class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs), which results in their exclusion from the nucleus where they co-activate or inhibit their targets. In this study, we show that AMPK/SIK signalling is acutely attenuated during adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which coincides with the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of CRTC2 and HDAC4. When subjected to differentiation, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in which the expression of LKB1 was stably reduced using shRNA (Lkb1-shRNA), as well as Lkb1-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (Lkb1(-/-) MEFs), differentiated more readily into adipocyte-like cells and accumulated more triglycerides compared with scrambled-shRNA-expressing 3T3-L1 cells or Wt MEFs. In addition, the phosphorylation of CRTC2 and HDAC4 was reduced, and the mRNA expression of adipogenic transcription factors Cebpa, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparg) and adipocyte-specific proteins such as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), fatty acid synthase (FAS), aP2, GLUT4 and adiponectin was increased in the absence of LKB1. The mRNA and protein expression of Ddit3/CHOP10, a dominant-negative member of the C/EBP family, was reduced in Lkb1-shRNA-expressing cells, providing a potential mechanism for the up-regulation of Pparg and Cebpa expression. These results support the hypothesis that LKB1 signalling keeps preadipocytes in their non-differentiated form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Gormand
- Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund University, BMC C11, 221 84 Lund, SwedenDepartment of BiomedicineKarolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine Berggreen
- Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund University, BMC C11, 221 84 Lund, SwedenDepartment of BiomedicineKarolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lahouari Amar
- Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund University, BMC C11, 221 84 Lund, SwedenDepartment of BiomedicineKarolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Henriksson
- Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund University, BMC C11, 221 84 Lund, SwedenDepartment of BiomedicineKarolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Lund
- Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund University, BMC C11, 221 84 Lund, SwedenDepartment of BiomedicineKarolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Albinsson
- Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund University, BMC C11, 221 84 Lund, SwedenDepartment of BiomedicineKarolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Göransson
- Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund University, BMC C11, 221 84 Lund, SwedenDepartment of BiomedicineKarolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yasui N, Nishiyama E, Juman S, Negishi H, Miki T, Yamori Y, Ikeda K. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester suppresses oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2013; 15:1189-1196. [PMID: 23927014 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.825609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The generation of oxidative stress, characterized by enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, has been found in obesity. ROS production was increased during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes. We previously reported that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) suppresses 3T3-L1 differentiation to adipocytes through the inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. In this study, the preventive effect of CAPE on oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 cells was observed. The results were as follows: (1) ROS production during 3T3-L1 cell differentiation to adipocytes was significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed by CAPE treatment in a concentration-dependent manner, (2) with CAPE treatment, the extracellular superoxide dismutase mRNA expression level significantly increased, but the NOX4 mRNA expression level did not change, and (3) CAPE treatment significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in 3T3-L1 cells. From these results, we suggest that the increased oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 differentiation to adipocytes is attenuated by CAPE treatment. This attenuation may be partly caused by increased SOD production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Yasui
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , Nishinomiya , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rubi Fructus (Rubus coreanus) Inhibits Differentiation to Adipocytes in 3T3-L1 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:475386. [PMID: 24288561 PMCID: PMC3832965 DOI: 10.1155/2013/475386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rubi Fructus (RF) is known to exert several pharmacological effects including antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its antiobesity effect has not been reported yet. This study was focused on the antidifferentiation effect of RF extract on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. When 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiating into adipocytes, 10-100 μ g/mL of RF was added. Next, the lipid contents were quantified by Oil Red O staining. RF significantly reduced lipid accumulation and downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ ), CCAAT0-enhancer-binding proteins α (C/EBP α ), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 2 (aP2), resistin, and adiponectin in ways that were concentration dependent. Moreover, RF markedly upregulated liver kinase B1 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Interestingly, pretreatment with AMPK α siRNA and RF downregulated the expression of PPAR γ and C/EBP α protein as well as the adipocyte differentiation. Our study shows that RF is capable of inhibiting the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the modulation of PPAR γ , C/EBP α , and AMPK, suggesting that it has a potential for therapeutic application in the treatment or prevention of obesity.
Collapse
|
33
|
Corni Fructus Containing Formulation Attenuates Weight Gain in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity and Regulates Adipogenesis through AMPK. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:423741. [PMID: 24171041 PMCID: PMC3792538 DOI: 10.1155/2013/423741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and dyslipidemia and is a strong predictor for the development of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. This study examined the antiobesity effect of an ethanol extract of Corni Fructus containing formulation (CDAP), which is a combination of four natural components: Corni Fructus, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, and Platycodonis Radix. The cellular lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was assessed by Oil Red O staining. Expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), and lipin-1 were determined by real-time RT-PCR. Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, and AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPK-α). The CDAP extract suppressed the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes by downregulating cellular induction of PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, and lipin-1. The CDAP extract also significantly upregulated phosphorylation of AMPK-α. An in vivo study showed that CDAP induced weight loss in mice with high-fat-diet-induced obesity. These results indicate that CDAP has a potent anti-obesity effect due to the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis.
Collapse
|
34
|
Su SH, Shyu HW, Yeh YT, Chen KM, Yeh H, Su SJ. Caffeine inhibits adipogenic differentiation of primary adipose-derived stem cells and bone marrow stromal cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1830-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
35
|
Bijland S, Mancini SJ, Salt IP. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 124:491-507. [PMID: 23298225 DOI: 10.1042/cs20120536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a key regulator of cellular and whole-body energy balance. AMPK phosphorylates and regulates many proteins concerned with nutrient metabolism, largely acting to suppress anabolic ATP-consuming pathways while stimulating catabolic ATP-generating pathways. This has led to considerable interest in AMPK as a therapeutic target for the metabolic dysfunction observed in obesity and insulin resistance. The role of AMPK in skeletal muscle and the liver has been extensively studied, such that AMPK has been demonstrated to inhibit synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol and isoprenoids, hepatic gluconeogenesis and translation while increasing fatty acid oxidation, muscle glucose transport, mitochondrial biogenesis and caloric intake. The role of AMPK in the other principal metabolic and insulin-sensitive tissue, adipose, remains poorly characterized in comparison, yet increasing evidence supports an important role for AMPK in adipose tissue function. Obesity is characterized by hypertrophy of adipocytes and the development of a chronic sub-clinical pro-inflammatory environment in adipose tissue, leading to increased infiltration of immune cells. This combination of dysfunctional hypertrophic adipocytes and a pro-inflammatory environment contributes to insulin resistance and the development of Type 2 diabetes. Exciting recent studies indicate that AMPK may not only influence metabolism in adipocytes, but also act to suppress this pro-inflammatory environment, such that targeting AMPK in adipose tissue may be desirable to normalize adipose dysfunction and inflammation. In the present review, we discuss the role of AMPK in adipose tissue, focussing on the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, adipogenesis and pro-inflammatory pathways in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bijland
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Figarola JL, Rahbar S. Small‑molecule COH-SR4 inhibits adipocyte differentiation via AMPK activation. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:1166-76. [PMID: 23525347 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. It is one of the principal causative factors involved in the development of metabolic syndrome and cancer. Inhibition of adipocyte differentiation has often been a target of anti-obesity strategies since obesity is caused not only by hypertrophy but also by adipocyte hyperplasia. In this study, we investigated the effects of COH-SR4, a novel compound with anticancer properties, on the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Treatment with COH-SR4 significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect mainly occurred at the early phase of differentiation through inhibition of mitotic clonal expansion and cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase transition. In differentiating adipocytes, COH-SR4 significantly reduced intracellular lipid accumulation and downregulated the expression of key adipogenesis-related transcription factors and lipogenic proteins. COH-SR4 exhibited no cytotoxic effects in 3T3-L1 cells, but indirectly activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK activation by COH-SR4 also resulted in the phosphorylation of raptor and tuberous sclerosis protein 2 (TSC2), two proteins involved in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. Additionally, COH-SR4 decreased the phosphorylation of p70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) and initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binding protein 1 (4EB‑P1), two downstream effectors of mTOR that regulate protein synthesis. Interestingly, knockdown of AMPKα1/α2 prevented the ability of COH-SR4 to inhibit cell cycle arrest and overall adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in the differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that COH-SR4 inhibits 3T3-L1 adipogenesis via AMPK activation. COH-SR4 may be a promising compound for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James L Figarola
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ceddia RB. The role of AMP-activated protein kinase in regulating white adipose tissue metabolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 366:194-203. [PMID: 22750051 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric enzyme that plays a major role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis in various organs and tissues. When activated, AMPK can induce substrate catabolism and shut down energy-consuming anabolic pathways to increase intracellular ATP availability. Even though most of these effects have been described in muscle and liver, several studies have provided compelling evidence that AMPK also plays an important role in the regulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) glucose and lipid metabolism. In fact, the effects of acute and chronic AMPK activation in the WAT induce profound changes in adiposity with important implications for the treatment of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. This review discusses the role of AMPK in the regulation of white adipocyte metabolism with respect to energy storage and release, gene expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative capacity, cell differentiation, and the potential impact on whole-body adiposity and energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R B Ceddia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
O'Neill HM, Holloway GP, Steinberg GR. AMPK regulation of fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis: implications for obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 366:135-51. [PMID: 22750049 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays an important role in regulating whole-body energy expenditure given it is a major site for glucose and lipid oxidation. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are causally linked through their association with skeletal muscle insulin resistance, while conversely exercise is known to improve whole body glucose homeostasis simultaneously with muscle insulin sensitivity. Exercise activates skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK plays a role in regulating exercise capacity, skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake. Skeletal muscle AMPK is also thought to be important for regulating fatty acid metabolism; however, direct genetic evidence in this area is currently lacking. This review will discuss the current paradigms regarding the influence of AMPK in regulating skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis at rest and during exercise, and highlight the potential implications in the development of insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley M O'Neill
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lee SK, Lee JO, Kim JH, Kim N, You GY, Moon JW, Sha J, Kim SJ, Lee YW, Kang HJ, Park SH, Kim HS. Coenzyme Q10 increases the fatty acid oxidation through AMPK-mediated PPARα induction in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Cell Signal 2012; 24:2329-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
40
|
Giordanetto F, Karis D. Direct AMP-activated protein kinase activators: a review of evidence from the patent literature. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:1467-77. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.743994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
41
|
Choi Y, Kim Y, Ham H, Park Y, Jeong HS, Lee J. Nobiletin suppresses adipogenesis by regulating the expression of adipogenic transcription factors and the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:12843-12849. [PMID: 22088202 DOI: 10.1021/jf2033208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of nobiletin (5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. To determine the effect of nobiletin on adipogenesis, preadipocyte differentiation was induced in the presence or absence of nobiletin (10-100 μM) for 4 days. The results revealed that nobiletin markedly inhibited lipid accumulation and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity and blocked the expression of adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPα). Moreover, nobiletin significantly increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a major regulator of cellular energy balance, phosphorylation, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This study also investigated the involvement of AMPK in the expression of a major transcription factor, PPARγ. It was found that pretreatment with compound C, a cell permeable inhibitor of AMPK, abolished the inhibitory effects of nobiletin on PPARγ expression. The results suggest that nobiletin exerts antiadipogenic effects through modulation of the PPARγ and AMPK signaling pathway and, therefore, may be a promising antiobesity agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gaidhu MP, Frontini A, Hung S, Pistor K, Cinti S, Ceddia RB. Chronic AMP-kinase activation with AICAR reduces adiposity by remodeling adipocyte metabolism and increasing leptin sensitivity. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:1702-11. [PMID: 21737753 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m015354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of chronic AMP-kinase (AMPK) activation with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) on white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolism and the implications for visceral (VC) and subcutaneous (SC) adiposity, whole body-energy homeostasis, and hypothalamic leptin sensitivity. Male Wistar rats received daily single intraperitoneal injections of either saline or AICAR (0.7g/kg body weight) for 4 and 8 weeks and were pair-fed throughout the study. AICAR-treated rats had reduced adiposity with increased mitochondrial density in VC and SC fat pads, which was accompanied by reduced circulating leptin and time-dependent and depot-specific regulation of AMPK phosphorylation and FA oxidation. Interestingly, the anorectic effect to exogenous leptin was more pronounced in AICAR-treated animals than controls. This corresponded to reductions in hypothalamic AMPK phosphorylation and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 content, whereas signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation was either unchanged or increased at 4 and 8 weeks in AICAR-treated rats. Ambulatory activity and whole-body energy expenditure (EE) were also increased with AICAR treatment. Altogether, chronic AICAR-induced AMPK activation increased WAT oxidative machinery, whole-body EE, and hypothalamic leptin sensitivity. This led to significant reductions in VC and SC adiposity without inducing energy-sparing mechanisms that oppose long-term fat loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep P Gaidhu
- Muscle Health Research Centre-School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Vingtdeux V, Chandakkar P, Zhao H, Davies P, Marambaud P. Small-molecule activators of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), RSVA314 and RSVA405, inhibit adipogenesis. Mol Med 2011; 17:1022-30. [PMID: 21647536 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor and regulator of cellular energy metabolism potentially implicated in a broad range of conditions, including obesity and Alzheimer's disease. Its role in the control of key metabolic enzymes makes this kinase a central player in glucose and lipid homeostasis. Recently, by screening a library of synthetic small molecules selected for their structural similarity with the natural polyphenol resveratrol, we identified RSVA314 and RSVA405 as potent indirect activators of AMPK (half-maximal effective concentration [EC₅₀] = 1 μmol/L in cell-based assays). Here we show that RSVA314 and RSVA405 can significantly activate AMPK and inhibit acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), one target of AMPK and a key regulator of fatty acid biogenesis, in nondifferentiated and proliferating 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that RSVA314 and RSVA405 treatments inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation by interfering with mitotic clonal expansion during preadipocyte proliferation (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC₅₀] = 0.5 μmol/L). RSVA314 and RSVA405 prevented the adipogenesis-dependent transcriptional changes of multiple gene products involved in the adipogenic process, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), fatty acid synthase, fatty acid binding protein 4 (aP2), RANTES or resistin. Furthermore, orally administered RSVA405 at 20 and 100 mg/kg/d significantly reduced the body weight gain of mice fed a high-fat diet. This work shows that the novel small-molecule activators of AMPK (RSVA314 and RSVA405) are potent inhibitors of adipogenesis and thus may have therapeutic potential against obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Vingtdeux
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Or-Tzadikario S, Sopher R, Gefen A. Quantitative monitoring of lipid accumulation over time in cultured adipocytes as function of culture conditions: toward controlled adipose tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 16:1167-81. [PMID: 20163242 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue engineering is investigated for native fat substitutes and wound healing model systems. Research and clinical applications of bioartificial fat require a quantitative and objective method to continuously measure adipogenesis in living cultures as opposed to currently used culture-destructive techniques that stain lipid droplet (LD) accumulation. To allow standardization, automatic quantification of LD size is further needed, but currently LD size is measured mostly manually. We developed an image processing-based method that does not require staining to monitor adipose cell maturation in vitro nondestructively using optical micrographs taken consecutively during culturing. We employed our method to monitor LD accumulation in 3T3-L1 and mesenchymal stem cells over 37 days. For each cell type, percentage of lipid area, number of droplets per cell, and droplet diameter were obtained every 2-3 days. In 3T3-L1 cultures, high insulin concentration (10 microg/mL) yielded a significantly different (p < 0.01) time course of all three outcome measures. In mesenchymal stem cell cultures, high fetal bovine serum concentration (12.5%) produced significantly more lipid area (p < 0.01). Our method was able to successfully characterize time courses and extents of adipogenesis and is useful for a wide range of applications testing the effects of biochemical, mechanical, and thermal stimulations in tissue engineering of bioartificial fat constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shira Or-Tzadikario
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Juman S, Yasui N, Okuda H, Ueda A, Negishi H, Miki T, Ikeda K. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Suppresses the Production of Adipocytokines, Leptin, Tumor Necrosis Factor -Alpha and Resistin, during Differentiation to Adipocytes in 3T3-L1 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:490-4. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Juman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Naomi Yasui
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Hiroto Okuda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Ai Ueda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Hiroko Negishi
- Graduated School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University
| | - Tomohiro Miki
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Katsumi Ikeda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cottom J, Hofmann G, Siegfried B, Yang J, Zhang H, Yi T, Ho TF, Quinn C, Wang DY, Johanson K, Ames RS, Li H. Assay development and high-throughput screening of small molecular c-Abl kinase activators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 16:53-64. [PMID: 20938045 DOI: 10.1177/1087057110384133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A 2-step kinase assay was developed and used in a high-throughput screen (HTS) of more than 1 million compounds in an effort to identify c-Abl tyrosine kinase activators. This assay employed a 2-step phosphorylation reaction: in the first step, purified recombinant c-Abl was activated by incubating with compound in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In the second step, the TAMRA-labeled IMAP Abltide substrate was added to allow phosphorylation of the substrate to occur. The assay was calibrated such that inactive c-Abl protein was activated by ATP alone to a degree that it not only demonstrated a measurable c-Abl activity but also maintained a robust assay window for screening. The screen resulted in 8624 primary hits with >30% response. Further analysis showed that 1024 had EC(50) <10 µM with a max % response of >50%. These hits were structurally and chemically diverse with possibly different mechanisms for activating c-Abl. In addition, selective hits were shown to be cell permeable and were able to induce c-Abl activation as determined by In-Cell Western (ICW) analysis of HEK-MSRII cells transduced with BacMam virus expressing full-length c-Abl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Cottom
- Biological Reagents and Assay Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Juman S, Yasui N, Okuda H, Ueda A, Negishi H, Miki T, Ikeda K. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Inhibits Differentiation to Adipocytes in 3T3-L1 Mouse Fibroblasts. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1484-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Juman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Naomi Yasui
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Hiroto Okuda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Ai Ueda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Hiroko Negishi
- Graduated School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University
| | - Tomohiro Miki
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Katsumi Ikeda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| |
Collapse
|