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Huang J, Zeng X, Ning H, Peng R, Guo Y, Hu M, Feng H. Development and validation of prediction model for older adults with cognitive frailty. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:8. [PMID: 38281238 PMCID: PMC10822804 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02647-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to develop and validate a 6-year risk prediction model in older adults with cognitive frailty (CF). METHODS In the secondary analysis of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), participants from the 2011-2018 cohort were included to develop the prediction model. The CF was assessed by the Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Exam (CMMSE) and the modified Fried criteria. The stepwise regression was used to select predictors, and the logistic regression analysis was conducted to construct the model. The model was externally validated using the temporal validation method via the 2005-2011 cohort. The discrimination was measured by the area under the curve (AUC), and the calibration was measured by the calibration plot. A nomogram was conducted to vividly present the prediction model. RESULTS The development dataset included 2420 participants aged 60 years or above, and 243 participants suffered from CF during a median follow-up period of 6.91 years (interquartile range 5.47-7.10 years). Six predictors, namely, age, sex, residence, body mass index (BMI), exercise, and physical disability, were finally used to develop the model. The model performed well with the AUC of 0.830 and 0.840 in the development and external validation datasets, respectively. CONCLUSION The study could provide a practical tool to identify older adults with a high risk of CF early. Furthermore, targeting modifiable factors could prevent about half of the new-onset CF during a 6-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jundan Huang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xianmei Zeng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hongting Ning
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ruotong Peng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yongzhen Guo
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyue Hu
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Hui Feng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Oceanwide Health Management Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Yokote T, Yatsugi H, Chu T, Liu X, Kishimoto H. Associations between various types of activity and physical frailty in older Japanese: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:785. [PMID: 38030967 PMCID: PMC10685653 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is known to help prevent physical frailty, but it is not clear which physical activities practiced alone or in combination are most closely associated with a lower risk of physical frailty. We investigated differences in the associations of exercise habit, social participation, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with physical frailty and its components among community-dwelling older Japanese adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 831 older adults participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical frailty was defined based on the Fried et al. criteria. Exercise habit was defined as exercising ≥ 30 min per day for ≥ 2 days per week for ≥ 1 year. Social participation was defined as participating in community activities ≥ 1/week. MVPA was defined as ≥ 300 min/week of moderate physical activity (MPA) or 150 min/week of vigorous physical activity (VPA). We classified the participants into eight groups according to the presence/absence of these activities, and we performed a logistic regression analysis to investigate the association between different activities, both alone and in combination, and physical frailty. RESULTS The prevalence of physical pre-frailty + frailty was 74.8% in the None group, 65.0% in the Exercise habit group, 76.3% in the Social participation group, 56.5% in the MVPA group, 58.7% in the Exercise habit + Social participation group, 44.0% in the Exercise habit + MVPA group, 41.3% in the Social participation + MVPA group, and 38.0% in the All group. Compared to the None group, the groups in which participants were engaged in any combination of two or more types of activity, as well as the MVPA-alone group had significantly lower risks of physical pre-frailty + frailty. CONCLUSION Community-dwelling older Japanese adults who engaged in MVPA or any combination of two or more types of physical activity as defined herein had lower risks of physical pre-frailty and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Yokote
- Department of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Harukaze Yatsugi
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tianshu Chu
- Department of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Xin Liu
- Epidemiological Study Group, Medical Evidence Division, Intage Healthcare Inc., Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hiro Kishimoto
- Department of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
- Center for Health Science and Counseling, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Wei X, Xin J, Chen W, Wang J, Lv Y, Wei Y, Li Z, Ding Q, Shen Y, Xu X, Zhang X, Zhang W, Zu X. Astragalus polysaccharide ameliorated complex factor-induced chronic fatigue syndrome by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114862. [PMID: 37167729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a debilitating disease with no symptomatic treatment. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), a component derived from the traditional Chinese medicine A. membranaceus, has significant anti-fatigue activity. However, the mechanisms underlying the potential beneficial effects of APS on CFS remain poorly understood. A CFS model of 6-week-old C57BL/6 male mice was established using the multiple-factor method. These mice underwent examinations for behavior, oxidative stress and inflammatory indicators in brain and intestinal tissues, and ileum histomorphology. 16 S rDNA sequencing analysis indicated that APS regulated the abundance of gut microbiota and increased production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and anti-inflammatory bacteria. In addition, APS reversed the abnormal expression of Nrf2, NF-κB, and their downstream factors in the brain-gut axis and alleviated the reduction in SCFAs in the cecal content caused by CFS. Further, APS modulated the changes in serum metabolic pathways induced by CFS. Finally, it was verified that butyrate exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in neuronal cells. In conclusion, APS could increase the SCFAs content by regulating the gut microbiota, and SCFAs (especially butyrate) can further regulate the oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain, thus alleviating CFS. This study explored the efficacy and mechanism of APS for CFS from the perspective of gut-brain axis and provides a reference to further explore the efficacy of APS and the role of SCFAs in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jiayun Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yanhui Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yanping Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhanhong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qianqian Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yunheng Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xike Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Puciato D, Bączkowicz D, Rozpara M. Correlations between physical activity and quality of life in entrepreneurs from Wrocław, Poland. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:13. [PMID: 36732780 PMCID: PMC9893583 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited physical activity is one of the main reasons for the rapid increase in the prevalence of diseases of affluence, which can lead to premature deaths in adults. Quality of life may be one of potential determinants of physical activity. The aim of this article is to identify the relationships between physical activity and quality of life in entrepreneurs from Wroclaw, Poland. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of 616 entrepreneurs (216 women and 400 men). A diagnostic survey method was used with a direct interview technique. The research tools included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire. RESULTS Among the studied entrepreneurs, along with their higher ratings of overall quality of life, the odds of high rather than low levels of physical activity increased nearly fivefold (OR 4.86, CI 3.34-7.07). Entrepreneurs with higher assessment levels of their perceived health condition were nearly twice as likely to report high rather than low physical activity levels (OR 1.92, CI 1.42-2.59). The conditional probability of high rather than low levels of physical activity also increased in the entrepreneurs with higher assessments of quality of life in the physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains, by 34%, 11%, 5%, and 6%, respectively. CONCLUSION Programs promoting physical activity among entrepreneurs, which focus on moderate and high intensity exercise, should be considered desirable in the context of the study findings. Activities aimed at improving quality of life in the physical and psychological domains as a potential determinant of the level of physical activity of entrepreneurs are also worth recommending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Puciato
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, al. Ignacego Jana Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dawid Bączkowicz
- grid.440608.e0000 0000 9187 132XFaculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Prószkowska 76, 45-578 Opole, Poland
| | - Michał Rozpara
- grid.445174.7Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
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Yang Y, Chen Z, Huang Z, Tao J, Li X, Zhou X, Du Q. Risk factors associated with low bone mineral density in children with idiopathic scoliosis: a scoping review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:48. [PMID: 36670417 PMCID: PMC9854192 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) have a high risk of osteoporosis and IS with low bone mineral density (BMD) are susceptible to curve progression. This review aims to explore the risk factors of low BMD in children with IS. METHODS Studies were retrieved from 5 databases that were published up to January 2022. Search terms are keywords in titles or abstracts, including subject headings related to "Scoliosis", "Bone Mineral Density", and "Risk Factors". Observational studies on risk factors of low BMD in children with IS were enrolled in this review. The number of studies, sample size, outcome measures, research type, endocrine, and lifestyle-related factors, gene/signal pathway, and other contents were extracted for qualitative analysis. RESULTS A total of 56 studies were included in this scoping review. Thirty studies involved genetic factors that may affect BMD, including the Vitamin-D receptor gene, RANK/RANKL signal pathway, the function of mesenchymal stem cells, Runx2, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and miR-145/β-catenin pathway. Eight studies mentioned the influence of endocrine factors on BMD, and the results showed that serum levels of IL-6, leptin and its metabolites, and ghrelin in children with IS were different from the age-matched controls. In addition, there were 18 articles on lifestyle-related factors related to low BMD in children with IS, consisting of physical activity, calcium intake, Vitamin D level, and body composition. CONCLUSIONS Genetic, endocrine, and lifestyle-related factors might relate to low BMD and even osteoporosis in IS. To prevent osteoporosis, the effectiveness of regular screening for low BMD risk factors in children with IS needs to be investigated. Additionally, clear risk factors suggest strategies for bone intervention. Future studies should consider the effectiveness of calcium and vitamin D supplements and physical activity in BMD improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Yang
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Zhengquan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zefan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Qing Du
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Chongming Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 202150, China.
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Evenson KR, Scherer E, Peter KM, Cuthbertson CC, Eckman S. Historical development of accelerometry measures and methods for physical activity and sedentary behavior research worldwide: A scoping review of observational studies of adults. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276890. [PMID: 36409738 PMCID: PMC9678297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This scoping review identified observational studies of adults that utilized accelerometry to assess physical activity and sedentary behavior. Key elements on accelerometry data collection were abstracted to describe current practices and completeness of reporting. We searched three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) on June 1, 2021 for articles published up to that date. We included studies of non-institutionalized adults with an analytic sample size of at least 500. The search returned 5686 unique records. After reviewing 1027 full-text publications, we identified and abstracted accelerometry characteristics on 155 unique observational studies (154 cross-sectional/cohort studies and 1 case control study). The countries with the highest number of studies included the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan. Fewer studies were identified from the continent of Africa. Five of these studies were distributed donor studies, where participants connected their devices to an application and voluntarily shared data with researchers. Data collection occurred between 1999 to 2019. Most studies used one accelerometer (94.2%), but 8 studies (5.2%) used 2 accelerometers and 1 study (0.6%) used 4 accelerometers. Accelerometers were more commonly worn on the hip (48.4%) as compared to the wrist (22.3%), thigh (5.4%), other locations (14.9%), or not reported (9.0%). Overall, 12.7% of the accelerometers collected raw accelerations and 44.6% were worn for 24 hours/day throughout the collection period. The review identified 155 observational studies of adults that collected accelerometry, utilizing a wide range of accelerometer data processing methods. Researchers inconsistently reported key aspects of the process from collection to analysis, which needs addressing to support accurate comparisons across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R. Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elissa Scherer
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kennedy M. Peter
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carmen C. Cuthbertson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Eckman
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
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Lu Y, Wiltshire HD, Baker JS, Wang Q. Effects of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Exercise on 24 h Movement Behaviors in Inactive Female University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127177. [PMID: 35742425 PMCID: PMC9223473 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine if low-volume, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) was associated with changes in 24-h movement behaviors. A quasi-experimental study design was used. We collected accelerometry data from 21 eligible participants who consistently wore an ActiGraph for a period of two-weeks. Differences in behaviors were analyzed using a paired t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance. Regression analysis was used to explore relationships with factors that impacted changes. The results indicated a compensatory increase in sedentary time (ST) (4.4 ± 6.0%, p < 0.01) and a decrease in light-intensity physical activity (LPA) (−7.3 ± 16.7%, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA), vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA), and total physical activity (TPA) increased following exercise (p < 0.001). Sleep duration and prolonged sedentary time were reduced (p < 0.05). Exercise intensity and aerobic capacity were associated with changes in ST. The results from the study indicate that participating in a low-volume HIIE encouraged participants who were previously inactive to become more active. The observations of increases in ST may have displaced a prolonged sitting time. The decrease in sleeping time observed may be reflecting an increased sleep quality in connection with increased higher-intensity PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Lu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China;
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK;
| | - Huw D. Wiltshire
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK;
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong;
| | - Qiaojun Wang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13805885586
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Mascaró CM, Bouzas C, Montemayor S, Casares M, Gómez C, Ugarriza L, Borràs PA, Martínez JA, Tur JA. Association between Stages of Hepatic Steatosis and Physical Activity Performance in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in FLIPAN Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091790. [PMID: 35565758 PMCID: PMC9105320 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease. The best treatment now is a healthy lifestyle with a Mediterranean diet and physical activity (PA). Objective: To assess the association between stages of hepatic steatosis and physical activity performance in adults with metabolic syndrome. Design: Cross-sectional study in 155 participants (40–60 years old) with MetS, a diagnosis of NAFLD by magnetic resonance imaging and BMI (body mass index) between 27 and 40 kg/m2. Methods: Stages of hepatic steatosis were assessed and defined according to the percentage of intrahepatic fat contents: stage 0 ≤ 6.4% (control group); stage 1 = 6.4–17.4%; stage 2 ≥ 17.4%. Fitness was assessed through ALPHA-FIT test battery for adults, aerobic capacity by Chester-step test and PA by accelerometry and Minnesota questionnaire. Results: Participants without NAFLD reported more years of education and major socioeconomic status than participants with NAFLD. A higher percentage of people in the most advanced stage of NAFLD were no smokers and no alcohol consumers. They also had higher stages of steatosis, lower sitting handgrip, standing handgrip, Chester step test values, sleep efficiency, and energy expenditure, and higher intensity of light and moderate physical activity, and self-reported physical activity. Conclusions: NAFLD patients showed lower fitness status, aerobic capacity, sleep efficiency and energy expenditure than non-NAFLD participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina M. Mascaró
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (C.M.M.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (C.G.); (L.U.)
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (C.M.M.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (C.G.); (L.U.)
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Montemayor
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (C.M.M.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (C.G.); (L.U.)
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Casares
- Radiodiagnosis Service, Red Asistencial Juaneda, 07011 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Cristina Gómez
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (C.M.M.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (C.G.); (L.U.)
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lucía Ugarriza
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (C.M.M.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (C.G.); (L.U.)
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Camp Redó Primary Health Care Center, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pere-Antoni Borràs
- Area of Physical Education and Sports, Department of Pedagogy and Specific Didactics, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Cardiometabolics Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (C.M.M.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (C.G.); (L.U.)
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-971-1731; Fax: +34-971-173184
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Ortolá R, García-Esquinas E, Buño-Soto A, Cabanas-Sánchez V, Martínez-Gómez D, Sotos-Prieto M, Struijk EA, Caballero FF, Lopez-Garcia E, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F. Associations of device-measured sleep, sedentariness and physical activity with growth differentiation factor 15 in older adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1003-1012. [PMID: 35132822 PMCID: PMC8977966 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a biomarker for chronic disease burden that might explain the health effects of sedentary behaviours (SBs) and physical activity (PA). We examined associations of device-measured sleep, SB and PA, and time reallocations among them, with GDF-15 in older adults. METHODS We used data from 2245 older adults participating in the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study. Wrist-worn accelerometers were employed to ascertain total time in sleep, SB, light PA (LPA) and moderate-to vigorous PA (MVPA). Associations between these activities and serum GDF-15 levels were analysed using linear regression, including isotemporal substitution models for time reallocations among activities, and adjusted for potential confounders. Analyses were conducted separately in two groups (less active and more active individuals) according to the median total PA time. RESULTS In the less active participants, 30 min/day more of MVPA were related to lower levels of GDF-15 when replacing sleep (fully adjusted mean percentage differences [95% confidence interval] in GDF-15 of -9.2% [-13.2, -5.0]), SB (-9.8% [-13.6, -5.8]) and LPA (-5.8% [-11.1, -0.3]), whereas 30 min/day more of LPA were related to lower GDF-15 when replacing both sleep (-3.6% [-6.1, -1.0]) and SB (-4.2% [-6.7, -1.7]). In the more active participants, 30 min/day more of MVPA were also associated with lower GDF-15 when replacing sleep (-2.9% [-5.3, -0.3]), SB (-2.4% [-4.6, -0.2]) and LPA (-3.5% [-6.6, -0.3]), but no associations were found for more time in LPA. Spending more time in SB was associated with higher GDF-15 levels only among those less active (1.9% [0.9, 2.9] per 30 min/day increment). Sleep time did not appear to be associated with GDF-15. CONCLUSIONS The MVPA was inversely associated with GDF-15, with stronger associations at lower PA volumes. Also, more LPA and less SB time were linked to lower GDF-15 in the less active individuals. This suggests that simply moving more and sitting less may reduce chronic disease burden in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Ortolá
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Buño-Soto
- Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute. CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Sotos-Prieto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Environmental Health and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ellen A Struijk
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Félix Caballero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute. CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José R Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute. CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Dempsey PC, Aadland E, Strain T, Kvalheim OM, Westgate K, Lindsay T, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Brage S, Wijndaele K. Physical activity intensity profiles associated with cardiometabolic risk in middle-aged to older men and women. Prev Med 2022; 156:106977. [PMID: 35131206 PMCID: PMC8907866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.106977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accelerometers provide detailed data about physical activity (PA) across the full intensity spectrum. However, when examining associations with health, results are often aggregated to only a few summary measures [e.g. time spent "sedentary" or "moderate-to-vigorous" intensity PA]. Using multivariate pattern analysis, which can handle collinear exposure variables, we examined associations between the full PA intensity spectrum and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in a population-based sample of middle-aged to older adults. Participants (n = 3660; mean ± SD age = 69 ± 8y and BMI = 26.7 ± 4.2 kg/m2; 55% female) from the EPIC-Norfolk study (UK) with valid accelerometry (ActiGraph-GT1M) data were included. We used multivariate pattern analysis with partial least squares regression to examine cross-sectional multivariate associations (r) across the full PA intensity spectrum [minutes/day at 0-5000 counts-per-minute (cpm); 5 s epoch] with a continuous CMR score (reflecting waist, blood pressure, lipid, and glucose metabolism). Models were sex-stratified and adjusted for potential confounders. There was a positive (detrimental) association between PA and CMR at 0-12 cpm (maximally-adjusted r = 0.08 (95%CI 0.06-0.10). PA was negatively (favourably) associated with CMR at all intensities above 13 cpm ranging between r = -0.09 (0.07-0.12) at 800-999 cpm and r = -0.14 (0.11-0.16) at 75-99 and 4000-4999 cpm. The strongest favourable associations were from 50 to 800 cpm (r = 0.10-0.12) in men, but from ≥2500 cpm (r = 0.18-0.20) in women; with higher proportions of model explained variance for women (R2 = 7.4% vs. 2.3%). Most of the PA intensity spectrum was beneficially associated with CMR in middle-aged to older adults, even at intensities lower than what has traditionally been considered "sedentary" or "light-intensity" activity. This supports encouragement of PA at almost any intensity in this age-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paddy C Dempsey
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Physical Activity & Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratories, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Tessa Strain
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olav M Kvalheim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kate Westgate
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Lindsay
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Søren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katrien Wijndaele
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Qi G, Dutta D, Leroux A, Ray D, Muschelli J, Crainiceanu C, Chatterjee N. Genome-wide association studies of 27 accelerometry-derived physical activity measurements identified novel loci and genetic mechanisms. Genet Epidemiol 2022; 46:122-138. [PMID: 35043453 PMCID: PMC8863635 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity (PA) is an important risk factor for a wide range of diseases. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS), based on self-reported data or a small number of phenotypes derived from accelerometry, have identified a limited number of genetic loci associated with habitual PA and provided evidence for involvement of central nervous system in mediating genetic effects. In this study, we derived 27 PA phenotypes from wrist accelerometry data obtained from 88,411 UK Biobank study participants. Single-variant association analysis based on mixed-effects models and transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) together identified 5 novel loci that were not detected by previous studies of PA, sleep duration and self-reported chronotype. For both novel and previously known loci, we discovered associations with novel phenotypes including active-to-sedentary transition probability, light-intensity PA, activity during different times of the day and proxy phenotypes to sleep and circadian patterns. Follow-up studies including TWAS, colocalization, tissue-specific heritability enrichment, gene-set enrichment and genetic correlation analyses indicated the role of the blood and immune system in modulating the genetic effects and a secondary role of the digestive and endocrine systems. Our findings provided important insights into the genetic architecture of PA and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Qi
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Diptavo Dutta
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew Leroux
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Debashree Ray
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John Muschelli
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ciprian Crainiceanu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Corresponding author: Nilanjan Chatterjee, Bloomberg Distinguished Professor, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E3612, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, , Phone: 410-955-3067
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12
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Ferreira JP, Duarte-Mendes P, Teixeira AM, Silva FM. Effects of combined training on metabolic profile, lung function, stress and quality of life in sedentary adults: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263455. [PMID: 35113957 PMCID: PMC8812960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Both physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are considered modifiable risk factors for chronic diseases and all-cause mortality. Adult office-workers spend most of their working day in sedentary behaviors, so they are particularly at high risk of developed chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders like diabetes mellitus, …). It seems important to promote behavioral changes that could prevent or delay metabolic disease development. Evidence supports the use of exercise programs, however, to date there are several knowledge gaps and inconsistencies in the literature regarding the effects of Combined Training (i.e., aerobic plus resistance training) in sedentary healthy adults. This paper outlines an RCT designed to evaluate the effects of a 16-week combined training program on biochemical and immune markers of metabolic disease, lung function, salivary stress hormones and subjective quality of life (primary outcomes), as well as on body composition and physical fitness (secondary outcomes) in sedentary middle-aged office-workers. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the associations between the changes promoted by the exercise program and the different variables studied.
Methods and design
This is a single-blinded two-arm RCT with parallel groups. A minimum of healthy 40 office-workers aged 40–64 years will be recruited to engage in a 16-week intervention study. After baseline assessments, participants will be randomized to one of the two groups: (1) combined training group or (2) control group. Baseline assessments will be repeated after 8 weeks of intervention (mid-testing) and upon completion of the intervention (post-testing).
Discussion
This RCT involves a multi-disciplinary approach and seems to be a relevant contribution to understanding the potential role of combined training in improving the metabolic profile, lung function, stress, and quality of life in adults. The results can provide important insights for clinical recommendations and for the optimization of strategies to prevent metabolic disorders in adults with sedentary jobs.
Trial registration
This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT04868240; date of registration April 30, 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Ferreira
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Duarte-Mendes
- Department of Sports and Well-Being, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Teixeira
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernanda M. Silva
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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13
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Impact of Physical Activity Intensity Levels on the Cardiometabolic Risk Status of Children: The Genobox Study. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2021; 32:102-110. [PMID: 34853181 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity has been related to metabolic syndrome and low-grade chronic inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of physical activity intensities and practice on inflammation, endothelial damage, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children. There were 513 participants, aged 6-14 years, recruited for the study. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry, and the children were classified into four groups according to quartiles of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) practice as very low active, low active, moderate active, and high active. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and plasma metabolic and proinflammatory parameters were analyzed. Very low active group presented a worse lipid profile and higher insulin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, matrix metallopeptidase-9, and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, while lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Type 1 macrophages, and interleukin 8 than high-active children. Regression analyses showed that a higher MVPA practice was associated with lower levels of triacylglycerols (β: -0.118; p = .008), resistin (β: -0.151; p = .005), tPAI (β: -0.105; p = .046), and P-selectin (β: -0.160; p = .006), independently of sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). In contrast, a higher BMI was associated with higher levels of insulin (β: 0.370; p < .001), Homeostasis Model Assessment (β: 0.352; p < .001), triacylglycerols (β: 0.209; p < .001), leptin (β: 0.654; p < .001), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (β: 0.182; p < .001), Type 1macrophages (β: 0.181; p < .001), and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor (β: 0.240; p < .001), independently of sex, age, and MVPA. A better anthropometric, metabolic, and inflammatory profile was detected in the most active children; however, these differences were partly due to BMI. These results suggest that a higher MVPA practice and a lower BMI in children may lead to a better cardiometabolic status.
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14
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Oda K, Kawate H, Ishibashi A, Imamura H. Insulin resistance and the adiponectin/leptin ratio as a surrogate measure of insulin resistance in Japanese collegiate baseball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:1661-1667. [PMID: 33480516 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No study has previously investigated insulin resistance in collegiate baseball players. The purposes of this study were to examine: 1) the insulin resistance; and 2) the usefulness of the adiponectin/leptin (A/L) ratio compared with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) for assessing insulin resistance in collegiate baseball players. METHODS Twenty collegiate baseball players with abdominal obesity (AO group) defined by a waist circumference (WC) ≥85 cm, 65 lean baseball players with a WC<85 cm (L group), and 20 controls who were sedentary for at least 1 year (C group) were compared. The Body Mass Index, WC, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. RESULTS The AO group had a significantly higher insulin level, HOMA-IR, and leptin level, and lower A/L ratio than the L and C groups. The AO group had a significantly higher prevalence of insulin resistance (50%) than the L (14%) group. The A/L ratio was significantly negatively correlated with body weight, Body Mass Index, WC, triglycerides, triglycerides/HDL-C ratio, apolipoprotein B, hs-CRP, insulin, HOMA-IR, and leptin, and positively correlated with HDL-C, whereas HOMA-IR was significantly positively correlated with body weight, Body Mass Index, WC, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin, and negatively correlated with adiponectin and the A/L ratio. In the forward stepwise multiple regression analysis, WC, triglycerides, and hs-CRP were the significant determinants for the A/L ratio, whereas diastolic blood pressure and WC were the significant determinants for HOMA-IR. This model explained 53.7% of the variance in the A/L ratio and 13.6% of the variance in HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that the baseball players with abdominal obesity had a significantly higher prevalence of insulin resistance than the lean baseball group. The A/L ratio may be more useful than HOMA-IR to accurately assess insulin resistance in male collegiate baseball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Oda
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki, Japan - .,Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan -
| | - Hisaya Kawate
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aya Ishibashi
- Faculty of Human Sociology, Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Imamura
- Graduate School of Health Management, Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki, Japan
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15
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Fuentes GC, Castañer O, Warnberg J, Subirana I, Buil-Cosiales P, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Serra-Majem L, Romaguera D, Estruch R, Martínez JA, Pintó X, Vázquez C, Vidal J, Tur JA, Arós F, Bullo M, Fitó M, Schröder H. Prospective association of physical activity and inflammatory biomarkers in older adults from the PREDIMED-Plus study with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3092-3098. [PMID: 32063406 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Pano-Rodriguez A, Beltran-Garrido JV, Hernandez-Gonzalez V, Reverter-Masia J. Effects of Whole Body Electromyostimulation on Physical Fitness and Health in Postmenopausal Women: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Public Health 2020; 8:313. [PMID: 32793536 PMCID: PMC7391420 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Age-related problems such as chronic diseases, functional limitation and dependence, reduce the quality of life in the elderly, and increase public spending in health. It has been established that physical activity plays a fundamental role in the health of the elderly. The whole body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) could be a successful methodology as high-intensity training to improve the physical fitness of older people. Methods: A minimum of 13 women between 55 and 70 years old will be randomized in two groups. The exercise with WB-EMS group (EX + WB-EMS) will conduct a resistance strength training program with superimposed WB-EMS while the exercise group (EX) will perform only resistance strength and aerobic training. Balance, strength, flexibility, agility, speed, and aerobic performance (EXERNET battery and progressive resistance test), as well as body composition, blood parameters and physical activity reporting (IPAQ-E) will be assessed to analyze the effects of whole body electromyostimulation in the physical fitness and the health in postmenopausal women. Discussion: Innovative and scientifically well-designed protocols are needed to enhance the knowledge of the body's responses within this training methodology which is being used by a big quantity of population. This trial will provide evidence on the effectiveness of whole-body electromyostimulation in physical fitness and health in elderly women. Trial Registration: ISRCTN15558857 registration data: 27/11/2019 (retrospectively registered).
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17
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Sternfeld B, Gabriel KP, Jiang SF, Whitaker KM, Jacobs DR, Quesenberry CP, Carnethon M, Sidney S. Risk Estimates for Diabetes and Hypertension with Different Physical Activity Methods. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 51:2498-2505. [PMID: 31274682 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate risks of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and stage 2 and greater hypertension associated with self-reported and accelerometer-determined moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) separately and adjusted for each other. METHODS The sample included 2291 black and white men and women, ages 38-50 yr, in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) fitness study, conducted during the year 20 core CARDIA examination. Accelerometer-determined (Actigraph, LLC. model 7164) MVPA (MVPA-Acc), assessed at year 20, was defined as minutes per day of counts ≥2020 min. Self-reported MVPA (MVPA-SR) was assessed at year 20 using the CARDIA Physical Activity History. Incident T2D was ascertained at years 25 and 30 from fasting glucose, 2 h glucose tolerance test, HbA1c, or diabetes medication; incident hypertension was ascertained at those same times from measured blood pressure or use of antihypertensive medications. Modified Poisson regression models estimated relative risk (RR) of incident (years 25 and 30) T2D or hypertension, associated with middle and high tertiles of year 20 MVPA-Acc alone, year 20 MVPA-SR alone, and both, adjusted for each other, relative to bottom tertile. RESULTS In men, MVPA-Acc, but not MVPA-SR, was associated with a 37% to 67% decreased risk of incident T2D in a dose-response relation that persisted with adjustment for BMI, Similar associations were observed in women, although the risk reduction was similar in the second and third tertiles, relative to the bottom tertile. In both men and women, MVPA-Acc was marginally associated with reduced risk of incident stage 2 and greater hypertension, but only after adjustment for BMI, whereas MVPA-SR was not associated in either sex. CONCLUSIONS Accelerometer-determined MVPA may provide more consistent risk estimates for incident diabetes than self-reported MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, TX.,Department of Women's Health, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX
| | | | - Kara M Whitaker
- Department of Health and Human Physiology and Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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18
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Rossen J, Von Rosen P, Johansson UB, Brismar K, Hagströmer M. Associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with cardiometabolic biomarkers in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a compositional data analysis. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2020; 48:222-228. [PMID: 31663410 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2019.1684811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the associations between objectively measured sedentary behavior (SB), light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiometabolic and endocrine biomarkers, and to estimate the associations of reallocating time from one behavior to another with cardiometabolic and endocrine biomarkers.Methods: Baseline data from participants diagnosed with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, n = 175, 58% men, mean (SD) age = 64.4 (7.7), recruited to a physical activity intervention was used. Time spent in SB, LIPA and MVPA was measured by accelerometer and transformed into isometric log-ratio coordinates. The associations between time spent in SB, LIPA and MVPA and biomarkers were examined by linear regression models. The change in each outcome of reallocating time between the three behaviors was estimated.Results: The findings show strong positive associations of time spent in MVPA and negative associations of time spent in SB relative to time spent in the other behaviors with sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and negative associations of time spent in SB with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Theoretically, reallocation of 19 minutes MVPA to SB or to LIPA was associated with a 17% and 17% larger SAD, 39% and 36% larger HOMA-IR values and 3.3% and 2.3% lower levels of HDL, respectively.Conclusion: In conclusion, our analysis from a time-use perspective supports the current evidence that sedentary time is devastating for the cardiometabolic health. While LIPA probably requires more time, maintaining or increasing time in MVPA are the most important features of the time use behaviors when promoting a favorable cardiometabolic risk profile in adults with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02374788. Registered 2 March 2015 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02374788.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Rossen
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Von Rosen
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Unn-Britt Johansson
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Hagströmer
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Functional Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Abou-Samra M, Selvais CM, Dubuisson N, Brichard SM. Adiponectin and Its Mimics on Skeletal Muscle: Insulin Sensitizers, Fat Burners, Exercise Mimickers, Muscling Pills … or Everything Together? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072620. [PMID: 32283840 PMCID: PMC7178193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (ApN) is a hormone abundantly secreted by adipocytes and it is known to be tightly linked to the metabolic syndrome. It promotes insulin-sensitizing, fat-burning, and anti-atherosclerotic actions, thereby effectively counteracting several metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. ApN is also known today to possess powerful anti-inflammatory/oxidative and pro-myogenic effects on skeletal muscles exposed to acute or chronic inflammation and injury, mainly through AdipoR1 (ApN specific muscle receptor) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, but also via T-cadherin. In this review, we will report all the beneficial and protective properties that ApN can exert, specifically on the skeletal muscle as a target tissue. We will highlight its effects and mechanisms of action, first in healthy skeletal muscle including exercised muscle, and second in diseased muscle from a variety of pathological conditions. In the end, we will go over some of AdipoRs agonists that can be easily produced and administered, and which can greatly mimic ApN. These interesting and newly identified molecules could pave the way towards future therapeutic approaches to potentially prevent or combat not only skeletal muscle disorders but also a plethora of other diseases with sterile inflammation or metabolic dysfunction.
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Rava A, Pihlak A, Kums T, Purge P, Pääsuke M, Jürimäe J. Resistin concentration is inversely associated with objectively measured physical activity in healthy older women. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:475-481. [PMID: 31115876 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity (PA) has been associated with decreased risk of many chronic diseases and increased longevity among older adults. In addition, ageing has been associated with higher levels of different inflammatory biomarkers while the association between inflammatory biomarkers and PA has remained controversial. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the association between blood biomarkers and objectively assessed PA among a sample of healthy older women with different levels of PA engagement. A total of 81 healthy women were recruited. Study participants were allocated to three groups according to accelerometer-obtained PA data. Body composition was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fasting blood samples were collected for the measurement of resistin, leptin, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. There were no significant differences between groups for resistin, leptin, TNFα and for CRP concentrations; however, higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) groups tended to have lower level of blood biomarker concentrations. There was a significant negative relationship between resistin and steps per day. Inverse association between leptin and MVPA was significant after controlling for age. In multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis, steps per day were the strongest independent predictor for resistin, whereas for leptin, TNFα and CRP the strongest independent predictor was whole body fat mass. In conclusion, this study demonstrated negative association between resistin concentration and steps per day. Sedentary time and light PA had no relationship with resistin, leptin, TNFα or CRP concentrations.
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21
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Temple KA, Tjaden AH, Atkinson KM, Barengolts E, Hannon TS, Mather KJ, Utzschneider KM, Edelstein SL, Ehrmann DA, Mokhlesi B. Association of Habitual Daily Physical Activity With Glucose Tolerance and β-Cell Function in Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes From the Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) Study. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:1521-1529. [PMID: 31177181 PMCID: PMC6647043 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the relationship between habitual daily physical activity and measures of glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell responses in adults with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or drug-naive, recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants included 230 adults (mean ± SD age 54.5 ± 8.5 years, BMI 35 ± 5.5 kg/m2; 42.6% women) who underwent a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and hyperglycemic clamp. Wrist accelerometers worn for 7 consecutive days measured total physical activity counts (TAC) (daily mean 233,460 [∼50th percentile for age]). We evaluated whether TAC was associated with fasting plasma glucose, OGTT 2-h plasma glucose or glucose incremental area under the curve (G-iAUC), hyperglycemic clamp measures of insulin sensitivity (steady-state glucose infusion rate/insulin [M/I]) and β-cell responses (acute C-peptide response to glucose, steady-state C-peptide, and maximal β-cell response), and OGTT C-peptide index (ΔC-peptide0-30/Δglucose0-30). RESULTS After adjustments for confounders, there was no association of TAC with fasting plasma glucose, 2-h glucose, or G-iAUC. Higher TAC was associated with higher insulin sensitivity (M/I). After adjusting for M/I, higher TAC was not associated with measures of β-cell response. CONCLUSIONS In adults with IGT or drug-naive, recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes, higher levels of habitual physical activity are associated with higher insulin sensitivity. Further studies are needed to understand why higher levels of physical activity are not associated with better β-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley H Tjaden
- George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Rockville, MD
| | - Karen M Atkinson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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22
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Krause MP, Milne KJ, Hawke TJ. Adiponectin-Consideration for its Role in Skeletal Muscle Health. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071528. [PMID: 30934678 PMCID: PMC6480271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin regulates metabolism through blood glucose control and fatty acid oxidation, partly mediated by downstream effects of adiponectin signaling in skeletal muscle. More recently, skeletal muscle has been identified as a source of adiponectin expression, fueling interest in the role of adiponectin as both a circulating adipokine and a locally expressed paracrine/autocrine factor. In addition to being metabolically responsive, skeletal muscle functional capacity, calcium handling, growth and maintenance, regenerative capacity, and susceptibility to chronic inflammation are all strongly influenced by adiponectin stimulation. Furthermore, physical exercise has clear links to adiponectin expression and circulating concentrations in healthy and diseased populations. Greater physical activity is generally related to higher adiponectin expression while lower adiponectin levels are found in inactive obese, pre-diabetic, and diabetic populations. Exercise training typically restores plasma adiponectin and is associated with improved insulin sensitivity. Thus, the role of adiponectin signaling in skeletal muscle has expanded beyond that of a metabolic regulator to include several aspects of skeletal muscle function and maintenance critical to muscle health, many of which are responsive to, and mediated by, physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Krause
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Kevin J Milne
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
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23
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Tan MKH, Wong JKL, Bakrania K, Abdullahi Y, Harling L, Casula R, Rowlands AV, Athanasiou T, Jarral OA. Can activity monitors predict outcomes in patients with heart failure? A systematic review. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. QUALITY OF CARE & CLINICAL OUTCOMES 2019; 5:11-21. [PMID: 30215706 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcy038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Actigraphy is increasingly incorporated into clinical practice to monitor intervention effectiveness and patient health in congestive heart failure (CHF). We explored the prognostic impact of actigraphy-quantified physical activity (AQPA) on CHF outcomes. PubMed and Medline databases were systematically searched for cross-sectional studies, cohort studies or randomised controlled trials from January 2007 to December 2017. We included studies that used validated actigraphs to predict outcomes in adult HF patients. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. A total of 17 studies (15 cohort, 1 cross-sectional, 1 randomised controlled trial) were included, reporting on 2,759 CHF patients (22-89 years, 27.7% female). Overall, AQPA showed a strong inverse relationship with mortality and predictive utility when combined with established risk scores, and prognostic roles in morbidity, predicting cognitive function, New York Heart Association functional class and intercurrent events (e.g. hospitalisation), but weak relationships with health-related quality of life scores. Studies lacked consensus regarding device choice, time points and thresholds of PA measurement, which rendered quantitative comparisons between studies difficult. AQPA has a strong prognostic role in CHF. Multiple sampling time points would allow calculation of AQPA changes for incorporation into risk models. Consensus is needed regarding device choice and AQPA thresholds, while data management strategies are required to fully utilise generated data. Big data and machine learning strategies will potentially yield better predictive value of AQPA in CHF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K H Tan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joanna K L Wong
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kishan Bakrania
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leceister, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK
| | - Yusuf Abdullahi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Leanne Harling
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leceister, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK.,Division of Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Roberto Casula
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leceister, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK.,Division of Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Alex V Rowlands
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leceister, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK.,Division of Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Thanos Athanasiou
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Omar A Jarral
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Lee DH, de Rezende LFM, Eluf-Neto J, Wu K, Tabung FK, Giovannucci EL. Association of type and intensity of physical activity with plasma biomarkers of inflammation and insulin response. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:360-369. [PMID: 30614528 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several biological mechanisms linking physical activity with cancer have been proposed. However, the influence of specific components of physical activity (volume, type and intensity), and their interaction with adiposity and diet, on cancer-related biomarkers remain unclear. We used cross-sectional data on 7,219 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1992-1994) with C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 2 (TNFαR2), adiponectin, C-peptide and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL). Details on physical activity, diet and adiposity were assessed by questionnaires. We used multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses to estimate relative concentrations of biomarkers by physical activity. Total physical activity was favorably associated with all biomarkers in a fairly linear manner. Comparing the highest (63+ metabolic equivalent (MET)-hr/week) to the lowest (0-8.9 MET-hr/week) physical activity groups, the percent relative difference in concentration of biomarkers was -31% for CRP, -22% for IL6, -8% for TNFαR2, +9% for adiponectin, -22% for C-peptide, and -20% for TG/HDL. These differences were modestly attenuated after adjustment for adiposity. For the same total MET-hours of physical activity, the association was stronger for men engaging in both aerobic and resistance exercises compared to those engaging in aerobic only. However, no difference was found between those engaging in vigorous activities (≥20% of total MET-hours) compared to those who did smaller amount of vigorous activities. Physical activity showed similar associations for these biomarkers regardless of adiposity and dietary pattern. In conclusion, high physical activity, preferably aerobic plus resistance training, was associated with favorable cancer-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leandro Fórnias Machado de Rezende
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Eluf-Neto
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fred K Tabung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Telschow A, Ferrari N, Deibert C, Flöck A, Merz WM, Gembruch U, Ehrhardt C, Dötsch J, Graf C. High Maternal and Low Cord Blood Leptin Are Associated with BMI-SDS Gain in the First Year of Life. Obes Facts 2019; 12:575-585. [PMID: 31593957 PMCID: PMC6876596 DOI: 10.1159/000502421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early infant weight development influences metabolic regulation later in life. For the prevention of obesity and metabolic diseases, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms in detail. OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the effects of maternal anthropometric, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors on maternal and cord blood leptin levels at birth and on the development of body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores (SDS) in offspring up to 1 year of age. METHODS Seventy-six mother-child pairs were enrolled in this follow-up analysis in a cross-sectional design. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect information regarding maternal anthropometrics, lifestyle habits, and sociodemographic conditions, and newborn weight, or, rather, BMI-SDS, development during the first year of life. RESULTS Cord blood leptin (β = -0.222, p = 0.074), maternal leptin (β = 0.414, p = 0.001), and female sex of the offspring (β = 0.385, p = 0.003) explained 29.0% of the variance in BMI-SDS changes in the first year of life. Cord blood leptin was influenced by newborn sex (male; β = -0.220, p = 0.025) and maternal moderate-intensity physical activity in the third trimester (β = 0.265, p = 0.007, corr. R2 = 9.2%); maternal leptin was influenced by maternal prepregnancy BMI (β = 0.602, p < 0.001) and weight gain during pregnancy (β = 0.247, p = 0.004, corr. R2 = 35.5%). CONCLUSIONS Higher maternal and lower cord blood leptin levels are associated with a higher BMI-SDS increase during the first year of life. Maternal leptin is influenced by maternal BMI and weight gain during pregnancy, and cord blood leptin is influenced by maternal physical activity; therefore, it can be suggested that an active and healthy maternal lifestyle may play a pivotal and beneficial role in the offspring's weight development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Ferrari
- Cologne Center for Prevention in Childhood and Youth/Heart Center Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Anne Flöck
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Waltraut M Merz
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gembruch
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Ehrhardt
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine Graf
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Laboratory-Assessed Markers of Cardiometabolic Health and Associations with GIS-Based Measures of Active-Living Environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102079. [PMID: 30248924 PMCID: PMC6211066 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Active-living-friendly environments have been linked to physical activity, but their relationships with specific markers of cardiometabolic health remain unclear. We estimated the associations between active-living environments and markers of cardiometabolic health, and explored the potential mediating role of physical activity in these associations. We used data collected on 2809 middle-aged adults who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007⁻2009; 41.5 years, SD = 15.1). Environments were assessed using an index that combined GIS-derived measures of street connectivity, land use mix, and population density. Body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), hemoglobin A1c, and cholesterol were assessed in a laboratory setting. Daily step counts and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) were assessed for seven days using accelerometers. Associations were estimated using robust multivariable linear regressions adjusted for sociodemographic factors that were assessed via questionnaire. BMI was 0.79 kg/m² lower (95% confidence interval (CI) -1.31, -0.27) and SBP was 1.65 mmHg lower (95% CI -3.10, -0.20) in participants living in the most active-living-friendly environments compared to the least, independent of daily step counts or MVPA. A 35.4 min/week difference in MPVA (95% CI 24.2, 46.6) was observed between residents of neighborhoods in the highest compared to the lowest active-living-environment quartiles. Cycling to work rates were also the highest in participants living in the highest living-environment quartiles (e.g., Q4 vs. Q1: 10.4% vs. 4.9%). Although active-living environments are associated with lower BMI and SBP, and higher MVPA and cycling rates, neither daily step counts nor MVPA appear to account for environment⁻BMI/SBP relationships. This suggests that other factors not assessed in this study (e.g., food environment or unmeasured features of the social environment) may explain this relationship.
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Using Devices to Assess Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in a Large Cohort Study, the Women's Health Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 1:60-69. [PMID: 30666321 DOI: 10.1123/jmpb.2018-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, it has become feasible to use devices for assessing physical activity and sedentary behavior among large numbers of participants in epidemiologic studies, allowing for more precise assessments of these behaviors and quantification of their associations with health outcomes. Between 2011 and 2015, the Women's Health Study (WHS) used the Actigraph GT3X+ device to measure physical activity and sedentary behavior over 7 days, during waking hours, among 17,708 women (mean age, 72 years) living throughout the United States. Devices were sent to and returned by participants via mail. We describe here the methods used to collect and process the accelerometer data for epidemiologic data analyses. We also provide metrics that describe the quality of the accelerometer data collected, as well as expanded findings regarding previously published associations of physical activity or sedentary behavior with all-cause mortality during an average follow-up of 2.3 years (207 deaths). The WHS is one of the earliest "next generation" epidemiologic studies of physical activity, utilizing wearable devices, in which long-term follow-up of participants for various health outcomes is anticipated. It therefore serves as a useful case study in which to discuss unique challenges and issues faced.
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