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de Assis GG, Murawska-Ciałowicz E. Exercise and Weight Management: The Role of Leptin-A Systematic Review and Update of Clinical Data from 2000-2022. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4490. [PMID: 37445524 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A well-balanced metabolism means a lower risk for metabolism-related neuropsychiatric disorders. Leptin is a secretory adipokine involved in the central control of appetite that appears to play a role in the etiology of feeding-related disorders. Additionally, the influence of exercise on feeding behaviors potentially modulates the circulation of metabolites that signal through the central nervous system. In this systematic review, we collected the recent clinical evidence on the effect of exercise on leptin concentrations in health individuals published from 2000 to 20 September 2022, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA 2020 statement). Six hundred and thirty-eight papers were retrieved and forty-eight papers were included in the qualitative synthesis. Data supports that exercise positively influences appetite via enhancing peripheral and central leptin signaling (reuptake), especially during weight loss. Exercise modulation of leptin signaling through leptin receptors helps to stabilize increases in food intake during periods of negative energy balance, prior to a decrease in the body fat tissue content. At a high intensity, exercise appears to counteract leptin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmara Gomes de Assis
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Araraquara 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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Fico BG, Maharaj A, Pena GS, Huang CJ. The Effects of Obesity on the Inflammatory, Cardiovascular, and Neurobiological Responses to Exercise in Older Adults. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:865. [PMID: 37372149 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity with advancing age leads to increased health complications that are involved in various complex physiological processes. For example, inflammation is a critical cardiovascular disease risk factor that plays a role in the stages of atherosclerosis in both aging and obesity. Obesity can also induce profound changes to the neural circuitry that regulates food intake and energy homeostasis with advancing age. Here we discuss how obesity in older adults impacts inflammatory, cardiovascular, and neurobiological functions with an emphasis on how exercise mediates each topic. Although obesity is a reversible disorder through lifestyle changes, it is important to note that early interventions are crucial to prevent pathological changes seen in the aging obese population. Lifestyle modifications such as physical activity (including aerobic and resistance training) should be considered as a main intervention to minimize the synergistic effect of obesity on age-related conditions, such as cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Fico
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Arun Maharaj
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Gabriel S Pena
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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Swain CT, Drummond AE, Milne RL, English DR, Brown KA, Lou MW, Boing L, Bageley A, Skinner TL, van Roekel EH, Moore MM, Gaunt TR, Martin RM, Lewis SJ, Lynch BM. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Inflammation, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Inflammation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:588-596. [PMID: 36867865 PMCID: PMC10150243 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of physical activity on breast cancer incidence may partially be mediated by inflammation. Systematic searches of Medline, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus were performed to identify intervention studies, Mendelian randomization studies, and prospective cohort studies that examined the effects of physical activity on circulating inflammatory biomarkers in adult women. Meta-analyses were performed to generate effect estimates. Risk of bias was assessed, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was used to determine the overall quality of the evidence. Thirty-five intervention studies and one observational study met the criteria for inclusion. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCT) indicated that, compared with control groups, exercise interventions reduced levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.62 to 0.08), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα, SMD = -0.63, 95% CI = -1.04 to -0.22), interleukin-6 (IL6, SMD = -0.55, 95% CI = -0.97 to -0.13) and leptin (SMD = -0.50, 95% CI = -1.10 to 0.09). Owing to heterogeneity in effect estimates and imprecision, evidence strength was graded as low (CRP, leptin) or moderate (TNFα and IL6). High-quality evidence indicated that exercise did not change adiponectin levels (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.14 to 0.17). These findings provide support for the biological plausibility of the first part of the physical activity-inflammation-breast cancer pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann E. Drummond
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dallas R. English
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristy A. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Makayla W.C. Lou
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leonessa Boing
- Laboratory of Research in Leisure and Physical Activity, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Amy Bageley
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tina L. Skinner
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Eline H. van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa M. Moore
- Medical Oncology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tom R. Gaunt
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah J. Lewis
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Brigid M. Lynch
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Soman A, Chandy S, Alkhathami K, Ramamoorthy B, Alqahtani B. Retro walking treadmill training reduces C-reactive protein levels in overweight and obese young adults: A randomized comparative study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1169. [PMID: 37008812 PMCID: PMC10062441 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Retro walking has been shown to acquire a greater metabolic cost, placing a higher cardiopulmonary demand on the body, when compared with forward walking at a similar speed. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of retro walking with that of forward walking on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) and to understand the influence of independent factors namely systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and BMI on CRP in untrained overweight and obese young adults. Methods This was a randomised controlled trial whereby 106 participants underwent either retro walking (n = 53) or forward walking (n = 53) treadmill training four times a week for 12 weeks before and after which CRP, BMI, and BP levels were measured. Comparison of the measured values before and after intervention and between the groups was done and influence of BMI and BP on CRP levels was determined. Results Both groups recorded a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in CRP, BMI, and BP levels postintervention. The participants who underwent retro walking training showed a significantly (p < 0.001) higher decrease in all the outcomes as compared with the forward walking group. C-reactive protein levels were seen to be influenced by BMI and DBP. Conclusion Retro-walking training leads to greater decrease in CRP, BMI, and BP when compared with forward walking, and CRP levels are influenced by BMI and DBP. Retro walking treadmill training can be used preferentially to bring about reduction in cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Soman
- Department of Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences Shaqra University Shaqra Saudi Arabia
| | - Sunil Chandy
- Department of Clinical Lab Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences Shaqra University Shaqra Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alkhathami
- Department of Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences Shaqra University Shaqra Saudi Arabia
| | - Baranitharan Ramamoorthy
- Department of Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences Shaqra University Shaqra Saudi Arabia
| | - Bijad Alqahtani
- Department of Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences Shaqra University Shaqra Saudi Arabia
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Elsayed MM, Abdallah GA, Hassan SS, Nagy EN. Effect of exercise training with laser phototherapy on homeostasis balance resistant to hypercoagulability in seniors with obesity: a randomized trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3592. [PMID: 36869148 PMCID: PMC9984371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased the incidence of obesity-related coagulation disorders. The current study assessed the effectiveness of combined aerobic exercise and laser phototherapy on the coagulation profile and body measurements in older adults with obesity compared to aerobic exercise alone, which has not been adequately explored. We included 76 obese people (50% women and 50% men) with a mean age of 67.83 ± 4.84 years and a body mass index of 34.55 ± 2.67 kg/m2. The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (which received aerobic training with laser phototherapy) and the control group (which received aerobic training alone) for three months. From the baseline to the final analysis, the absolute changes in specific coagulation biomarker levels (fibrinogen, fibrin fragment D, prothrombin time, Kaolin-Cephalin Coagulation Time), and contributing parameters (C-reactive protein and total cholesterol), were assessed. In comparison to the control group, the experimental group showed significant improvements in all evaluated measures (p < 0.001). So, in comparison to aerobic exercise alone, combined aerobic exercise and laser phototherapy had superior positive effects on coagulation biomarkers and decreased the risk of thromboembolism throughout a three-month intervention period in senior obese persons. Therefore, we suggest adopting laser phototherapy for individuals with a greater risk of hypercoagulability.The research was entered into the database of clinical trials under the identification NCT04503317.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Elsayed
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Ahmed El Zyat St., P.O.11432, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ghada A Abdallah
- Department of Physical Therapy for Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Safaa S Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ebtesam N Nagy
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Ahmed El Zyat St., P.O.11432, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Hejazi K, Wong A. Effects of exercise training on inflammatory and cardiometabolic health markers in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:345-359. [PMID: 35816146 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.14103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The improvements in inflammation and cardiometabolic health play an important role in the prevention and treatment of obesity. However, the interactions between different exercise training (ET) modalities with inflammatory and cardiometabolic biomarkers are not completely understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of ET on inflammatory and cardiometabolic health markers in overweight and obese adults. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science up to December 15, 2021. Thirty-five studies including 2752 participants were included and analyzed using a random-effects model to estimate weighted mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The meta-analysis found that ET significantly (P<0.05) increased adiponectin (WMD: 0.72 µg/mL; 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.84; SMD=0.65) and maximal oxygen consumption levels (WMD: 5.26 mL.kg.min; 95% CI: 3.84, 6.69; SMD=1.21). Moreover, ET significantly (P<0.05) reduced fasting insulin (WMD: -2.40 μIU/mL; 95% CI: -3.43 to -1.37; SMD=-0.87), fasting blood glucose (WMD: -5.41 mg/dL; 95% CI: -7.91, -2.91; SMD=-0.66), insulin resistance (WMD: -0.66; 95% CI: -1.08, -0.24; SMD=-0.66) and triglyceride levels (WMD: -10.88 mg/dL; 95% CI: -17.61, -4.15; SMD=-0.91). No significant changes were observed in interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, leptin, C-reactive protein and cholesterol concentrations. Subgroup analysis by type of training indicated that aerobic and resistance exercise had the most consistent beneficial effects as compared to other modalities. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ET may improve inflammation and cardiometabolic health in overweight and obese adults. Aerobic and resistance training appear to be more beneficial for improving adiponectin, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance index and triglyceride levels as compared to other exercise modalities. Further long-term studies are required to confirm and expand on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Hejazi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran -
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, USA
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Tartibian B, Khayat SMA, Maleki BH, Chehrazi M. The Effects of Exercise Training on Recovery of Biochemical and Hematological Outcomes in Patients Surviving COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Assessor-Blinded Trial. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:152. [PMID: 36562867 PMCID: PMC9782268 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No previous research has investigated the direct effects of exercise interventions on COVID-19 outcomes. The aim is to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of home-based moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), resistance training (RT), and combined aerobic and resistance training (CET) on biochemical and hematologic markers associated with COVID-19 symptoms and severity in COVID-19 survivors. METHODS A total of 547 male and female COVID-19 survivors were screened, and 296 (aged 20-93 years) were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to one of four groups: MICT (n = 74), RT (n = 74), CET (n = 74), or non-exercise (NON-EX, n = 74). Blood samples were taken at baseline, at week 4, and week 8 after training. RESULTS After the intervention, compared with the NON-EX group, all 3 MICT, RT, and CET interventions caused significant improvements in the levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), troponin-I, d-dimer, creatinine, urea, potassium (K), sodium (Na), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, red blood cells (RBC), platelets, hemoglobin, and hematocrit concentrations (P < 0.05). CET was effectively superior to MICT and RT in the improvements in the biochemical and hematological variables studied (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the present study demonstrates that long-term MICT plus RT interventions have a synergistic effect in accelerating and enhancing the recovery in patients surviving COVID-19. Trial registration IRCT20160605028270N3, 6 September 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhtyar Tartibian
- grid.444893.60000 0001 0701 9423Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirwan Mohammad Amini Khayat
- grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Behzad Hajizadeh Maleki
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University, Kugelberg 62, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Chehrazi
- grid.411495.c0000 0004 0421 4102Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Nicolau J, Rodríguez I, Dotres K, Ayala L, Sanchís P, Tamayo MI, Pascual S, Cifuentes A, Masmiquel L. Long-term chronic joint pain after sleeve gastrectomy and its influence on clinical and psychological outcomes. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022; 69:401-408. [PMID: 35817545 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bariatric surgery (BS) is effective in improving chronic joint pain (CJP). However, the long-term effects on this comorbidity are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of CJP in a sample of patients who had undergone BS with a minimum follow-up of 18 months. To determine whether or not there was any relationship between CJP and clinical or psychological outcomes after BS. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional study. The Lattinen index (LI) was used to evaluate CJP, using the cut-off point of 10 to define significant CJP (SCJP). RESULTS Of the 110 subjects assessed, 31.2% (35/110) had SCJP. The patients with SCJP were older (57.4±13 vs 47.8±11.6 years; p<0.0001) and more time had elapsed since their BS (105.6±54.3 vs 78.5±39 months; p=0.023). The last BMI was higher in subjects with SCJP (35±5 vs 33.3±6.9kg/m2; p=0.05) and the percentage of patients who took significant regular exercise was lower (2.9% vs 68%; p<0.0001). Trauma problems after BS were more common in subjects with SCJP (61.8% vs 22.7%; p<0.0001). More patients with SCJP met depression criteria (47.1% vs 5.3%; p<0.0001) and/or were treated with antidepressants (38.2% vs 17.3%; p=0.003). Patients with SCJP reported fewer hours of sleep (6±1.4 vs 6.8±1.2h; p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS SCJP is highly prevalent in patients who have had BS once they reach the weight plateau phase. There is an association between having SCJP and worse psychological and functional status, with potential detrimental metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Nicolau
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Baleares (IdISBA), Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain.
| | - Irene Rodríguez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Baleares (IdISBA), Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain; Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer [Son Llàtzer University Hospital], Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Keyla Dotres
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Baleares (IdISBA), Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Luisa Ayala
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Baleares (IdISBA), Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Pilar Sanchís
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Baleares (IdISBA), Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - María Isabel Tamayo
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Baleares (IdISBA), Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Salvador Pascual
- Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer [Son Llàtzer University Hospital], Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Andrés Cifuentes
- Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer [Son Llàtzer University Hospital], Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Lluís Masmiquel
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Baleares (IdISBA), Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
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Long-term chronic joint pain after sleeve gastrectomy and its influence on clinical and psychological outcomes. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Boyer AL, Arikawa AY, Schmitz KH, Sturgeon KM. Association of Inflammatory Diets with Inflammatory Biomarkers in Women at High Genetic Risk for Breast Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:816-819. [PMID: 34615429 PMCID: PMC8957580 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1986554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronically elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers may contribute to the development of cancer and diet may be an important factor in the interplay between inflammation and cancer. We examined associations between glycemic load (GL), glycemic index (GI), and adapted dietary inflammatory index (ADII) and markers of inflammation and adipokines in 135 premenopausal women at high genetic risk for breast cancer (NCT00892515). We assessed body mass index (BMI), 3-day food records, and blood biomarkers TNF-α, IL-12, CCL2, IL-10, leptin, and adiponectin. Regression models assessed associations between dietary variables and biomarkers, adjusted for caloric intake and BMI. Participants were on average 34.2 years old with mean BMI of 26.8 kg/m2. Significantly higher levels of IL-10 and leptin were observed in participants with higher GI. Leptin and adiponectin were significantly associated with ADII. Leptin remained associated with ADII after adjustment for caloric intake and BMI. There were no associations between inflammatory biomarkers of interest and GL, GI, and ADII, after adjusting for caloric intake and BMI. Elevated leptin levels were observed with higher ADII independent of caloric intake and BMI. The relationship between carbohydrate quality and inflammatory potential of the diet and markers of inflammation may be modulated by leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Boyer
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Y. Arikawa
- University of North Florida, Brooks College of Health, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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The Role of Exercise Training on Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413258. [PMID: 34948868 PMCID: PMC8703787 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade systemic inflammation leads to critical alterations of several tissues and organs that can promote the appearance of non-communicable diseases, a risk that is increased in adults with obesity. Exercise training may counteract low-grade systemic inflammation, but there is a lack of consensus on how cytokines are modulated by training in adults with obesity. This study aimed of examining the effects of exercise training on circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in adults with overweight and obesity, and whether exercise-induced fat mass reduction could mediate that effect. The search was conducted on Medline (Pubmed), SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases from January 1998 to August 2021, using keywords pertaining to inflammation, exercise, and obesity. A total of 27 studies were selected, in which the circulating concentration levels of cytokines were analyzed. Endurance training (ET) decreased circulating CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. TNF-α was reduced after resistance and concurrent training (CT), while IL-10 increased after resistance training (RT). Changes in IL-10 and CRP coincided with fat mass reduction, while decreased TNF-α levels were concomitant with changes in IL-6 and IL-10. Exercise training may reduce systemic low-grade inflammation profile in adults with overweight and obesity.
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Drosatos IA, Tsoporis JN, Izhar S, Gupta S, Tsirebolos G, Sakadakis E, Triantafyllis AS, Rigopoulos A, Rigopoulos D, Rallidis LS, Rizos I, Parker TG. Differential Regulation of Circulating Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (sRAGEs) and Its Ligands S100A8/A9 Four Weeks Post an Exercise Intervention in a Cohort of Young Army Recruits. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1354. [PMID: 34572568 PMCID: PMC8469473 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from its beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors, an anti-inflammatory effect of exercise is strongly implicated. Yet, data regarding the effect of an exercise intervention on healthy individuals are limited and contradictory. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a physical activity intervention on the soluble form of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGEs) and its ligands S100A8/A9. A total of 332 young army recruits volunteered and 169 completed the study. The participants underwent the standard basic training of Greek army recruits. IL-6, IL-1β, S100A8/A9, and sRAGEs were measured at the beginning and at the end of the training period. Primary rodent adult aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were analyzed for responsiveness to direct stimulation with S100A8/A9 alone or in combination with sRAGEs. At the end of the training period, we observed a statistically significant reduction in S100A8/A9 (630.98 vs. 472.12 ng/mL, p = 0.001), IL-1β (9.39 [3.8, 44.14] vs. 5.03 [2.44, 27.3] vs. pg/mL, p = 0.001), and sRAGEs (398.38 vs. 220.1 pg/mL, p = 0.001). IL-6 values did not change significantly after exercise. S100A8/A9 reduction was positively correlated with body weight (r = 0.236 [0.095, 0.370], p = 0.002) and BMI (r = 0.221 [0.092, 0.346], p = 0.004). Direct stimulation of ASMCs with S100A8/A9 increased the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and, in the presence of sRAGEs, demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition. A 4-week military training resulted in significant reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and S100A8/A9 complex. The observed reduction in sRAGEs may possibly reflect diminished RAGE axis activation. Altogether, our findings support the anti-inflammatory properties of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis-Alexandros Drosatos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (I.-A.D.); (G.T.); (E.S.); (A.S.T.); (A.R.); (L.S.R.); (I.R.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, 414 Military Hospital, 15236 Athens, Greece;
| | - James N. Tsoporis
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (S.I.); (S.G.); (T.G.P.)
| | - Shehla Izhar
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (S.I.); (S.G.); (T.G.P.)
| | - Sahil Gupta
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (S.I.); (S.G.); (T.G.P.)
| | - George Tsirebolos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (I.-A.D.); (G.T.); (E.S.); (A.S.T.); (A.R.); (L.S.R.); (I.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Sakadakis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (I.-A.D.); (G.T.); (E.S.); (A.S.T.); (A.R.); (L.S.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Andreas S. Triantafyllis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (I.-A.D.); (G.T.); (E.S.); (A.S.T.); (A.R.); (L.S.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Angelos Rigopoulos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (I.-A.D.); (G.T.); (E.S.); (A.S.T.); (A.R.); (L.S.R.); (I.R.)
| | | | - Loukianos S. Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (I.-A.D.); (G.T.); (E.S.); (A.S.T.); (A.R.); (L.S.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Ioannis Rizos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (I.-A.D.); (G.T.); (E.S.); (A.S.T.); (A.R.); (L.S.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Thomas G. Parker
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (S.I.); (S.G.); (T.G.P.)
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13
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Mattioni Maturana F, Martus P, Zipfel S, NIEß AM. Effectiveness of HIIE versus MICT in Improving Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Health and Disease: A Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:559-573. [PMID: 32890201 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate differences between high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE, including high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on physical fitness, body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids, insulin and glucose metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function. METHODS Differences between HIIE and MICT were summarized using a random-effects meta-analysis on the effect size (Cohen's d). A meta-regression was conducted using the following subgroups: population, age, training duration, men ratio, exercise type, baseline values (clinical relevant ranges), and type of HIIE. Studies were included if at least one of the following outcomes were reported: maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), body mass index (BMI), body mass, percent body fat, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting glucose and insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). A total of 55 studies were included. RESULTS Overall, HIIE was superior to MICT in improving V˙O2max (d = 0.40, P < 0.001) and FMD (d = 0.54, P < 0.05). Oppositely, MICT was superior to HIIE in improving HbA1c (d = -0.27, P < 0.05). No differences were observed in BMI (d = -0.02), body mass (d = -0.05), percent body fat (d = 0.04), systolic blood pressure (d = -0.04), diastolic blood pressure (d = 0.03), HDL (d = -0.05), LDL (d = 0.08), triglycerides (d = 0.03), total cholesterol (d = 0.14), CRP (d = -0.11), fasting insulin (d = 0.02), fasting glucose (d = 0.02), and HOMA-IR (d = -0.04). Moderator analyses indicated that the difference between HIIE and MICT was affected by different subgroups. CONCLUSION Overall, HIIE showed to be more effective in improving cardiovascular health and cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas MICT was superior in improving long-term glucose metabolism. In the process of personalized training counseling, health-enhancing effects of exercise training may be improved by considering the individual risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Martus
- Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometrics Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, GERMANY
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, GERMANY
| | - Andreas M NIEß
- Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, GERMANY
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14
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Nwadiugwu MC. Inflammatory Activities in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Co-morbid Angiopathies and Exploring Beneficial Interventions: A Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2021; 8:600427. [PMID: 33569370 PMCID: PMC7868423 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.600427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a long-term condition that can be treated and controlled but do not yet have a cure; it could be induced by inflammation and the goal of managing it is to prevent additional co-morbidities and reduce glycemic fluctuations. There is a need to examine inflammatory activities in diabetes-related angiopathies and explore interventions that could reduce the risk for future outcome or ameliorate its effects to provide insights for improved care and management strategies. Method: The study was conducted in Embase (1946–2020), Ovid Medline (1950–2020), and PubMed databases (1960–2020) using the PICO framework. Primary studies (randomized controlled trials) on type 2 diabetes mellitus and inflammatory activities in diabetes-related angiopathies were included. Terms for the review were retrieved from the Cochrane library and from PROSPERO using its MeSH thesaurus qualifiers. Nine articles out of 454 total hits met the eligibility criteria. The quality assessment for the selected study was done using the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Critical Appraisal Sheet. Results: Data analysis showed that elevated CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 were the most commonly found inflammatory indicator in diabetes-related angiopathies, while increased IL-10 and soluble RAGE was an indicator for better outcome. Use of drugs such as salsalate, pioglitazone, simvastatin, and fenofibrate but not glimepiride or benfotiamine reported a significant decrease in inflammatory events. Regular exercise and consumption of dietary supplements such as ginger, hesperidin which have anti-inflammatory properties, and those containing prebiotic fibers (e.g., raspberries) revealed a consistent significant (p < 0.05) reduction in inflammatory activities. Conclusion: Inflammatory activities are implicated in diabetes-related angiopathies; regular exercise, the intake of healthy dietary supplements, and medications with anti-inflammatory properties could result in improved protective risk outcome for diabetes patients by suppressing inflammatory activities and elevating anti-inflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Nwadiugwu
- Faculty of Health and Sports, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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15
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Heidarianpour A, Shokri E, Baghian T, Shokri B. Benefits of aerobic training in girls with precocious puberty: involvement of CRP and cortisol. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:1005-1011. [PMID: 31323005 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training, 4 weeks of detraining and use gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and cortisol levels in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). Methods Forty-five girls (aged 6-8 years) with precocious puberty were randomly divided into three groups (medication, training and medicine + training groups). Fifteen healthy girls (without precocious puberty) were also included as the control group. Serum CRP and cortisol levels were measured at baseline by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Then, the experimental groups performed an aerobic training program for 3 days/week 20-75 min per day at 45-75% maximum heart rate for 12 weeks. The medication groups also received GnRHa during the study, once a month (1 mL every 4 weeks) by intramuscular injection. Serum CRP and cortisol levels were measured again 48 h after the last training session and also after 4 weeks of detraining. Results Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures showed a significant decrease in CRP (p = 0.02) and cortisol levels (p = 0.01) in the training group and the medicine + training group. Detraining led to return of CRP and cortisol levels to the pre-training levels (p = 0.001). No significant difference in serum CRP (p = 0.43) and cortisol levels (p = 0.06) was observed in the medication group. Further, no significant difference was observed between groups in CRP and cortisol. Conclusions Long-term regular moderate training decreases inflammation indices, and detraining eliminates the benefits of training in girls with precocious puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Heidarianpour
- Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Bu Ali Sina University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hamedan, Iran, Phone: +9838381422
| | - Elnaz Shokri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Bu Ali Sina University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Tayebe Baghian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Bu Ali Sina University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Behnaz Shokri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Bu Ali Sina University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
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16
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Association between walking time spent and high sensitivity C-reactive protein level among obese women. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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de Matos MA, Garcia BCC, Vieira DV, de Oliveira MFA, Costa KB, Aguiar PF, Magalhães FDC, Brito-Melo GA, Amorim FT, Rocha-Vieira E. High-intensity interval training reduces monocyte activation in obese adults. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:818-824. [PMID: 31125712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the distribution and activation of monocyte subsets are frequently observed in individuals with obesity and their participation in the pathological complications of obesity is proposed. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can be a time-efficient alternative to counteract the inflammatory outcomes of obesity, but so far, its effects on monocytes in obesity has not been fully explored. In this study, we investigated whether 8 weeks of HIIT can modify the distribution and activation of the three monocyte subsets (classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes) in individuals with obesity. Our data show that individuals with obesity have a higher percentage of non-classical monocytes compared to control, lean individuals, and consequently an imbalance among the CD16+ monocyte subsets. Also, the expression of HLA-DR by intermediate monocytes is higher in insulin-resistant obese individuals, which indicates monocyte activation in obesity. After 8 weeks of HIIT, the percentage of non-classical monocytes was reduced in individuals with obesity, restoring the balance among the CD16+ monocytes. Also, the expression of HLA-DR by intermediate monocytes in insulin-resistant obese subjects was lower after HIIT. Both findings indicate that monocyte activation in individuals with obesity was reduced by HIIT. These modifications were observed in the absence of changes in weight and body composition, although they were accompanied by the improvement in the metabolic status (reduced insulin levels). Our findings indicate that HIIT can be considered a time-efficient strategy to manage obesity-related monocyte alterations and strengthen the immunomodulatory potential of HIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Aguiar de Matos
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Caroline Chaves Garcia
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Dênia Vargas Vieira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Felipe Andrade de Oliveira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Karine Beatriz Costa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Fernandes Aguiar
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Educação Física, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Alvim Brito-Melo
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Departament of Health, Exercise & Sport Sciences, University of New Mexico, USA
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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Lacerda DR, Moraes MM, Nunes-Silva A, Costa KA, Rodrigues DF, Sabino JL, Cordeiro LMDS, Pinho V, Teixeira MM, Wanner SP, Soares DD, Ferreira AVM. Aerobic training reduces immune cell recruitment and cytokine levels in adipose tissue in obese mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:512-520. [PMID: 30304638 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an energy imbalance that results from excessive energy intake, low diet quality, and a sedentary lifestyle. The increased consumption of a high-refined carbohydrate (HC) diet is strongly related to higher adiposity and low-grade inflammation. Aerobic training is a well-known nonpharmacological intervention to treat obesity and metabolic disturbances. However, the mechanisms through which aerobic training ameliorates the low-grade inflammation induced by an HC diet should be further investigated. Our hypothesis herein was that aerobic training would decrease the recruitment of leukocytes in adipose tissue, thereby reducing the levels of cytokines and improving metabolism in mice fed an HC diet. Male Balb/c mice were assigned to the following groups: control diet/nontrained (C-NT), control diet/trained (C-T), high-refined carbohydrate diet/nontrained (HC-NT), and high-refined carbohydrate diet/trained (HC-T). Mice were submitted to moderate-intensity training sessions that consisted of running 60 min per day for 8 weeks. An intravital microscopy technique was performed in vivo in anesthetized mice to visualize the microvasculature of the adipose tissue. The HC diet induced obesity and increased the influx of immune cells into the adipose tissue. In contrast, HC-T mice presented a lower adiposity and adipocyte area. Furthermore, relative to HC-NT mice, HC-T mice showed increased resting energy expenditure, decreased recruitment of immune cells in the adipose tissue, reduced cytokine levels, and ameliorated hyperglycemia and fatty liver deposition. Collectively, our data enhance understanding about the anti-inflammatory effect of aerobic training and shed light on the adipose tissue-mediated mechanisms by which training promotes a healthier metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Romualdo Lacerda
- a Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Michele Macedo Moraes
- b Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Albená Nunes-Silva
- c Sport Center, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Kátia Anunciação Costa
- a Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Débora Fernandes Rodrigues
- a Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Josiana Lopes Sabino
- a Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Letícia Maria de Souza Cordeiro
- a Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- d Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- d Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Samuel Penna Wanner
- b Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Danusa Dias Soares
- b Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Adaliene Versiani Matos Ferreira
- a Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
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19
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Mohammadkhani PG, Irandoust K, Taheri M, Mirmoezzi M, Baić M. Effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and taking caraway supplement on C-reactive protein and sleep quality in obese women. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1587837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khadijeh Irandoust
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Morteza Taheri
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirmoezzi
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mario Baić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, croatia
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20
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Sung KD, Pekas EJ, Scott SD, Son WM, Park SY. The effects of a 12-week jump rope exercise program on abdominal adiposity, vasoactive substances, inflammation, and vascular function in adolescent girls with prehypertension. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 119:577-585. [PMID: 30554386 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-4051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood obesity is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. It is necessary to combat unfavorable outcomes of obesity at a young age by utilizing effective interventions, such as exercise. PURPOSE We sought to examine the effects of a jump rope exercise program on CVD risk factors, including body composition, vasoactive substances, inflammation, and vascular function in prehypertensive adolescent girls. METHODS Forty girls (age 14-16) were recruited and randomly assigned to a jump rope exercise group (EX, n = 20) or control group (CON, n = 20). Body composition, nitrate and nitrite levels, endothelin-1 (ET-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and arterial stiffness were measured before and after 12 weeks. RESULTS There were significant group by time interactions following the 12-week program for body composition (from 33.8 ± 3.6 to 30.2 ± 3.1%), central adiposity (from 86.4 ± 4 to 83.3 ± 5 cm), SBP (from 126 ± 3.3 to 120 ± 2.1 mmHg), and brachial-to-ankle pulse wave velocity (from 8.2 ± 1.0 to 7.4 ± 0.2 m/s). Nitrate/nitrite levels increased (from 54.5 ± 5.1 to 57.2 ± 5.2 µmol) along a reduction in CRP levels (from 0.5 ± 0.4 to 0.2 ± 0.1 mg/L). There were no significant changes in ET-1 (P = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that jump rope exercise may be an effective intervention to improve these CVD risk factors in prehypertensive adolescent girls. Jumping rope is an easily accessible exercise modality that may have important health implications for CVD prevention in younger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Dong Sung
- Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Elizabeth J Pekas
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge St., Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Steven D Scott
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge St., Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Won-Mok Son
- Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Song-Young Park
- Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea. .,School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge St., Omaha, NE, 68182, USA.
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Fedewa MV, Hathaway ED, Ward-Ritacco CL, Williams TD, Dobbs WC. The Effect of Chronic Exercise Training on Leptin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Sports Med 2018; 48:1437-1450. [PMID: 29582381 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin is a hormone associated with satiety, lipid oxidation, energy expenditure, and energy homeostasis. To date, the current body of research examining the effect of chronic exercise training on leptin has yielded inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this meta-analysis was to provide a quantitative estimate of the magnitude of change in leptin levels following participation in exercise interventions lasting ≥ 2 weeks. METHODS All studies included were peer-reviewed and published in English. To be included, studies randomized human participants to an exercise training group or non-exercise comparison group for an exercise training intervention. Leptin levels were measured at baseline, during, and/or after completion of the exercise training program. Random-effects models were used to aggregate a mean effect size (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and identify potential moderators. RESULTS Seventy-two randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and resulted in 107 effects (n = 3826). The mean ES of 0.24 (95% CI 0.16-0.32, p < 0.0001) indicated a decrease in leptin following an exercise training program. A decrease in %Fat (β = - 0.07, p < 0.01) was associated with a decrease in leptin after accounting for the type of control group (β = - 0.38, p < 0.0001) used in each study. CONCLUSION These results suggest that engaging in chronic exercise training (≥ 2 weeks) is associated with a decrease in leptin levels for individuals regardless of age and sex. However, a greater decrease in leptin occurred with a decreased percentage of body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Fedewa
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, 2003 Moore Hall, Box 870312, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0231, USA.
| | - Elizabeth D Hathaway
- Department of Health and Human Performance, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | | | - Tyler D Williams
- Department of Kinesiology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ward C Dobbs
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, 2003 Moore Hall, Box 870312, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0231, USA
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Fedewa MV, Hathaway ED, Higgins S, Forehand RL, Schmidt MD, Evans EM. Moderate, but not vigorous, intensity exercise training reduces C-reactive protein. Acta Cardiol 2018; 73:283-290. [PMID: 28847205 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2017.1364832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sprint interval cycle training is a contemporary popular mode of training but its relative efficacy, under conditions of matched energy expenditure, to reduce risk factors for cardiometabolic disease is incompletely characterised, especially in young women. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relative efficacy of six weeks of moderate-intensity cycling (MOD-C) and vigorous sprint-interval cycling (VIG-SIC) on lipid profile, insulin (INS) and insulin resistance using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in inactive, overweight/obese (OW/OB) young women. METHODS Participants (BMI ≥25 kg/m2, waist circumference ≥88 cm) were randomly assigned to MOD-C (20-30 min at 60-70% of heart rate reserve(HRR)) or VIG-SIC (5-7 repeated bouts 30-second maximal effort sprints, followed by four minutes of active recovery) supervised training three days/week for six weeks, with each group matched on energy expenditure. Adiposity (%Fat) was measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Forty-four participants (20.4 ± 1.6 years, 65.9% Caucasian, 29.8 ± 4.1 kg/m2) were included in the analysis. The improvement in CRP observed in the MOD-C group was larger than the VIG-C group (p = .034). Overall, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels improved following training (p < .05); however, total cholesterol, triglyceride, INS and HOMA-IR did not improve (p > .05). CONCLUSION These results indicate MOD-C training may be more effective in reducing CRP than VIG-SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V. Fedewa
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Hathaway
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Tennessee Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Simon Higgins
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Ellen M. Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Yuede CM, Timson BF, Hettinger JC, Yuede KM, Edwards HM, Lawson JE, Zimmerman SD, Cirrito JR. Interactions between stress and physical activity on Alzheimer's disease pathology. Neurobiol Stress 2018; 8:158-171. [PMID: 29888311 PMCID: PMC5991353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity and stress are both environmental modifiers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Animal studies of physical activity in AD models have largely reported positive results, however benefits are not always observed in either cognitive or pathological outcomes and inconsistencies among findings remain. Studies using forced exercise may increase stress and mitigate some of the benefit of physical activity in AD models, while voluntary exercise regimens may not achieve optimal intensity to provide robust benefit. We evaluated the findings of studies of voluntary and forced exercise regimens in AD mouse models to determine the influence of stress, or the intensity of exercise needed to outweigh the negative effects of stress on AD measures. In addition, we show that chronic physical activity in a mouse model of AD can prevent the effects of acute restraint stress on Aβ levels in the hippocampus. Stress and physical activity have many overlapping and divergent effects on the body and some of the possible mechanisms through which physical activity may protect against stress-induced risk factors for AD are discussed. While the physiological effects of acute stress and acute exercise overlap, chronic effects of physical activity appear to directly oppose the effects of chronic stress on risk factors for AD. Further study is needed to identify optimal parameters for intensity, duration and frequency of physical activity to counterbalance effects of stress on the development and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Yuede
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin F Timson
- Biomedical Science Department, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - Jane C Hettinger
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kayla M Yuede
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hannah M Edwards
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Justin E Lawson
- Biomedical Science Department, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - Scott D Zimmerman
- Biomedical Science Department, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - John R Cirrito
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Vella CA, Taylor K, Drummer D. High-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training elicit similar enjoyment and adherence levels in overweight and obese adults. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:1203-1211. [PMID: 28792851 PMCID: PMC6104631 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1359679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve cardiometabolic health during supervised lab-based studies but adherence, enjoyment, and health benefits of HIIT performed independently are yet to be understood. We compared adherence, enjoyment, and cardiometabolic outcomes after 8 weeks of HIIT or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), matched for energy expenditure, in overweight and obese young adults. METHODS 17 adults were randomized to HIIT or MICT. After completing 12 sessions of supervised training over 3 weeks, participants were asked to independently perform HIIT or MICT for 30 min, 4 times/week for 5 weeks. Cardiometabolic outcomes included cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak), lipids, and inflammatory markers. Exercise enjoyment was measured by the validated Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. RESULTS Exercise adherence (93.4 ± 3.1% vs. 93.1 ± 3.7%, respectively) and mean enjoyment across the intervention (100.1 ± 4.3 vs. 100.3 ± 4.4, respectively) were high, with no differences between HIIT and MICT (p > .05). Similarly, enjoyment levels did not change over time in either group (p > .05). After training, HIIT exhibited a greater decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol than MICT (-0.66 mmol L-1 vs. -0.03 mmol L-1, respectively) and a greater increase in VO2 peak than MICT (p < .05, +2.6 mL kg min-1 vs. +0.4 mL kg min-1, respectively). Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein increased in HIIT (+0.5 pg mL-1 and + 31.4 nmol L-1, respectively) and decreased in MICT (-0.6 pg mL-1 and -6.7 nmol L-1, respectively, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings suggest that HIIT is enjoyable and has high unsupervised adherence rates in overweight and obese adults. However, HIIT may be associated with an increase in inflammation with short-term exercise in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal A. Vella
- Department of Movement Sciences and WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2401, Moscow ID 83844-2401,
| | - Katrina Taylor
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Recreation, Eastern Washington University, 200 PEB, Cheney, WA 99004,
| | - Devin Drummer
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2401, Moscow ID 83844-2401,
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Thanakun S, Pornprasertsuk-Damrongsri S, Izumi Y. Increased oral inflammation, leukocytes, and leptin, and lower adiponectin in overweight or obesity. Oral Dis 2017; 23:956-965. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Thanakun
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Y Izumi
- Department of Periodontology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
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26
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Vella CA, Allison MA, Cushman M, Jenny NS, Miles MP, Larsen B, Lakoski SG, Michos ED, Blaha MJ. Physical Activity and Adiposity-related Inflammation: The MESA. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:915-921. [PMID: 27977529 PMCID: PMC5392139 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity is associated with decreased adiposity-related inflammation in adults. Whether this association is independent of central obesity is unknown but important for understanding the mechanisms associated with reducing cardiometabolic disease risk through physical activity. This study examined whether associations of physical activity and obesity-related inflammatory markers were independent of central adiposity. METHODS Between 2002 and 2005, 1970 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis completed detailed health history and physical activity questionnaires, underwent physical measurements including computed tomography to quantify abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat, and measurements of adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and resistin. Statistical analyses included analysis of covariance and multivariable-adjusted regression. RESULTS The mean (range) age of participants was 64.7 (55-84) yr and 50% were women. After adjustment for age and sex, and compared with the lowest quartile, inflammatory markers in the highest quartile of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were 16% higher for adiponectin and 30%, 26%, and 9% lower for leptin, interleukin-6, and resistin, respectively (P < 0.05 for all). In linear regression adjusted for demographics, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, glomerular filtration rate, renin, and aldosterone, each standard deviation increment of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with significantly higher levels of adiponectin (β = 0.04) and lower levels of leptin (β = -0.06), interleukin-6 (β = -0.08), and resistin (β = -0.05, P < 0.05 for all). The associations with leptin, interleukin-6, and resistin were independent of total and central adiposity (P < 0.05), whereas the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and adiponectin was attenuated by central adiposity (P > 0.05). There were no significant interactions by race/ethnicity or sex. CONCLUSIONS Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with a more favorable profile of inflammatory markers, independent of relevant cardiometabolic disease risk factors including central obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal A Vella
- 1Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; 2Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA; 3Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT; 4Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Colchester, VT; 5Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT; 6Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and 7Division of Cardiology, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Allen NG, Higham SM, Mendham AE, Kastelein TE, Larsen PS, Duffield R. The effect of high-intensity aerobic interval training on markers of systemic inflammation in sedentary populations. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:1249-1256. [PMID: 28409397 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT; 30 s sprint, 4-5 min passive recovery) and prolonged intermittent sprint training (PIST; 10 s sprint, 2-3 min moderate exercise) on the systemic inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), aerobic capacity, and anthropometry in a middle-aged, sedentary population. METHODS Fifty-five sedentary adults (age 49.2 ± 6.1 years) were randomised into HIIT (n = 20), PIST (n = 21), or a sedentary control group (CTRL n = 14). HIIT and PIST performed three training sessions per week for 9 weeks on a cycle ergometer, matched for total high-intensity time, while CTRL continued normal sedentary behaviours. Pre- and post-intervention testing involved measures of anthropometry, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), and venous blood collection for analyses of CRP and TNF-α. RESULTS HIIT and PIST increased VO2peak compared to CTRL (+3.66 ± 2.23 and 3.74 ± 2.62 mL kg min-1). A group × time interaction (p = 0.042) and main effect of time (p = 0.026) were evident for waist girth, with only HIIT showing a significant reduction compared to CTRL (-2.1 ± 2.8 cm). TNF-α and CRP showed no group × time interaction or time effect (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In sedentary individuals, 9 weeks of HIIT or PIST were effective to improve aerobic capacity; however, only HIIT significantly reduced waist girth and WHR compared to CTRL. Markers of systemic inflammation remained unchanged across all groups. Accordingly, for inflammation and VO2peak, the distribution of sprints and the active or passive recovery periods are inconsequential provided that total duration of high-intensity efforts is similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Allen
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, UTS: Health, Faculty of Health, Moore Park Precinct, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Samuel M Higham
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, UTS: Health, Faculty of Health, Moore Park Precinct, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Amy E Mendham
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tegan E Kastelein
- School of Exercise Science, Sport and Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Penelope S Larsen
- School of Exercise Science, Sport and Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Rob Duffield
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, UTS: Health, Faculty of Health, Moore Park Precinct, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Moderate-vigorous recreational physical activity and breast cancer risk, stratified by menopause status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause 2017; 24:322-344. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Therapeutic Implications of Brain-Immune Interactions: Treatment in Translation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:334-359. [PMID: 27555382 PMCID: PMC5143492 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A wealth of data has been amassed that details a complex, yet accessible, series of pathways by which the immune system, notably inflammation, can influence the brain and behavior. These data have opened the window to a diverse array of novel targets whose potential efficacy is tied to specific neurotransmitters and neurocircuits as well as specific behaviors. What is clear is that the impact of inflammation on the brain cuts across psychiatric disorders and engages dopaminergic and glutamatergic pathways that regulate motivation and motor activity as well as the sensitivity to threat. Given the ability to identify patient populations with increased inflammation, the precision of interventions can be further tuned, in conjunction with the ability to establish target engagement in the brain through the use of multiple neuroimaging strategies. After a brief overview of the mechanisms by which inflammation affects the brain and behavior, this review examines the extant literature on the efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatments, while forging guidelines for future intelligent clinical trial design. An examination of the most promising therapeutic strategies is also provided, along with some of the most exciting clinical trials that are currently being planned or underway.
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Fedewa MV, Hathaway ED, Ward-Ritacco CL. Effect of exercise training on C reactive protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med 2016; 51:670-676. [PMID: 27445361 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-095999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of chronic systemic inflammation frequently used in cardiovascular disease risk assessment. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to provide a quantitative estimate of the magnitude of change in CRP following participation in physical exercise interventions. METHODS All studies included in the meta-analysis were peer reviewed and published in English. Human participants were assigned to a non-exercise comparison group or exercise training group, with the intervention lasting ≥2 weeks. CRP levels were measured at baseline, during and/or after completion of the exercise training programme. Random-effects models were used to aggregate a mean effect size (ES), 95% CIs and potential moderators. RESULTS 83 randomised and non-randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and resulted in 143 effects (n=3769). The mean ES of 0.26 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.34, p<0.001) indicated a decrease in CRP following exercise training. A decrease in body mass index (BMI; β=1.20, SE=0.25, p<0.0001) and %Fat (β=0.76, SE=0.21, p=0.0002) were associated with a decrease in CRP, independently accounting for 11.1% and 6.6% of the variation in response, respectively. Exercise training led to a greater reduction in CRP when accompanied by a decrease in BMI (ES=0.38, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.50); however, a significant improvement in CRP occurred in the absence of weight loss (ES=0.19, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.28; both p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that engaging in exercise training is associated with a decrease in CRP levels regardless of the age or sex of the individual; however, greater improvements in CRP level occur with a decrease in BMI or %Fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Fedewa
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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31
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Brunelli DT, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Gáspari AF, Lopes WA, Bonganha V, Bonfante ILP, Bellotto ML, Libardi CA, Cavaglieri CR. Combined Training Reduces Subclinical Inflammation in Obese Middle-Age Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 47:2207-15. [PMID: 26378946 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effects of 24 wk of combined training on proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers associated with obesity in obese middle-age men. METHODS Thirty obese men (48.73 ± 1.04 yr; body mass index, 31.00 ± 0.29 kg·m) underwent 24 wk of combined training [CT (N = 17), aerobic (50%-85% of V˙O2peak) and resistance (6-10 maximum repetition [RM]) training)] three times per week, 60 min per session, or a control group (N = 13). Anthropometric measures, maximal strength for leg press and bench press, peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) and serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-15, resistin, leptin, and adiponectin were determined before (M1) and after 8 (M2), 16 (M3), and 24 (M4) wk of the experimental design. RESULTS Significant increases were observed in the maximal strength for bench press and leg press, V˙O2peak, and serum concentrations of adiponectin and IL-15 for CT. Concomitantly, significant decreases were observed in percentage body fat and serum concentrations of CRP, resistin, and leptin for CT after the experimental period. CONCLUSION Twenty-four weeks of moderate- to high-intensity CT reduced markers of subclinical inflammation associated with obesity and improved insulin resistance and functional capabilities of obese middle-age men, regardless of dietary intervention and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego T Brunelli
- 1Exercise Physiology Laboratory - FISEX, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, BRAZIL; 2Departament of Physical Education, State University of Maringa (UEM), Maringa, BRAZIL; 3Integrated Metropolitan College of Campinas (METROCAMP), Campinas, BRAZIL; and 4Department of Physical Education (DEFMH), Center of Biological and Health Sciences (CCBS), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, BRAZIL
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Cutrono SE, Lewis JE, Perry A, Signorile J, Tiozzo E, Jacobs KA. The Effect of a Community-Based Exercise Program on Inflammation, Metabolic Risk, and Fitness Levels Among Persons Living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Behav 2016; 20:1123-31. [PMID: 26607928 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-015-1245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic remains a top national health priority. Chronic inflammation may be a critical component in the disease course of HIV as C-reactive protein (CRP) is elevated and associated with increased mortality. This study examined the effect of 3 months of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training among a diverse cohort of HIV-infected men and women. The fixed effect of time for CRP was found to be non-significant (F[1,57.3] = 1.7, p = 0.19). There was a significant fixed effect for time for upper body (F[1,51.6] = 18.1, p < 0.05) and lower body strength (F[1,48.0] = 15.7, p < 0.05) and significant declines in diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.002) and waist circumference (p = 0.027). Though levels of CRP were not impacted after 3 months training, participants demonstrated a significant increase in muscular strength as well as beneficial changes in metabolic risk factors. Future studies should focus on determining the optimal exercise intervention length and mode to reduce inflammation among individuals living with HIV.
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Hammonds TL, Gathright EC, Goldstein CM, Penn MS, Hughes JW. Effects of exercise on c-reactive protein in healthy patients and in patients with heart disease: A meta-analysis. Heart Lung 2016; 45:273-82. [PMID: 26916454 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Decreases in circulating hsCRP have been associated with increased physical activity and exercise training, although the ability of exercise interventions to reduce hsCRP and which individuals benefit the most remains unclear. This meta-analysis evaluates the ability of exercise to reduce hsCRP levels in healthy individuals and in individuals with heart disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted that included exercise interventions trials from 1995 to 2012. Forty-three studies were included in the final analysis for a total of 3575 participants. Exercise interventions significantly reduced hsCRP (standardized mean difference -0.53 mg/L; 95% CI, -0.74 to -0.33). Results of sub-analysis revealed no significant difference in reductions in hsCRP between healthy adults and those with heart disease (p = .20). Heterogeneity between studies could not be attributed to age, gender, intervention length, intervention type, or inclusion of diet modification. Exercise interventions reduced hsCRP levels in adults irrespective of the presence of heart disease..
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Hammonds
- Kent State University, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Summa Health System, 95 Arch St, Akron, OH, USA
| | | | - Carly M Goldstein
- Kent State University, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Summa Health System, 95 Arch St, Akron, OH, USA; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marc S Penn
- Cardiovascular Institute, Summa Health System, 95 Arch St, Akron, OH, USA; Department of Integrated Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Joel W Hughes
- Kent State University, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Summa Health System, 95 Arch St, Akron, OH, USA.
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Lopes WA, Leite N, da Silva LR, Brunelli DT, Gáspari AF, Radominski RB, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Cavaglieri CR. Effects of 12 weeks of combined training without caloric restriction on inflammatory markers in overweight girls. J Sports Sci 2016; 34:1902-12. [PMID: 26852885 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1142107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of combined training without caloric restriction on inflammatory markers in overweight girls. Thirty-three girls (13-17 years) were assigned into overweight training (n = 17) or overweight control (n = 16) groups. Additionally, a normal-weight group (n = 15) was used as control for the baseline values. The combined training programme consisted of six resistance exercises (three sets of 6-10 repetitions at 60-70% 1 RM) followed by 30 min of aerobic exercise (walking/running) at 50-80% VO2peak, performed in the same 60 min session, 3 days/weeks, for 12 weeks. Body composition, dietary intake, aerobic fitness (VO2peak), muscular strength (1 RM), glycaemia, insulinemia, lipid profile and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-10, leptin, resistin and adiponectin) were measured before and after intervention. There was a significant decrease in body fat (P < 0.01) and increase in fat-free mass (P < 0.01), VO2peak (P < 0.01), 1 RM for leg press (P < 0.01) and bench press (P < 0.01) in the overweight training group. Concomitantly, this group presented significant decreases in serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (P < 0.05) and leptin (P < 0.05), as well as in insulin resistance (P < 0.05) after the experimental period. In conclusion, 12 weeks of combined training without caloric restriction reduced inflammatory markers associated with obesity in overweight girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendell Arthur Lopes
- a Department of Physical Education , State University of Maringa , Maringa , Brazil
| | - Neiva Leite
- b Department of Physical Education , University of Parana , Curitiba , Brazil
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Uppalapati A, Gogineni S, Espiritu JR. Association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 10:652-658. [PMID: 26774499 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is characterised by chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation. Elevated FeNO levels reflect airway inflammation in various lung diseases including asthma. METHODS This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from NHANES 2007-2010. Participants younger than 20 years old with history of cough/cold symptoms in the past 7 days, smoking, exercise in the previous hour, consumption of nitric oxide rich meats/vegetables, or use of inhaled corticosteroids during the previous 2 days were excluded. BMI (in kg/m2) was divided in to 4 categories: underweight (UW) (0-18.5), Normal (N) (≥18.5 to <25), Overweight (OW) (≥25 and <30) and Obese (O) ≥30. RESULTS There were a total of 149,629,652 weighted participants: UW (22,235,218), N (45,021,536), OW (5,1670,522) and O (50,199,974); 50.36% were men and 49.63% were women. The mean age increased with BMI category [p<.0001]. Mean FeNO levels (in ppb) increased with increasing BMI category: UW (12.52±1.05) N (16.25±0.64), OW (16.62±0.34), and O (16.78±0.39) [p=0.0035]. FEV1/FVC (%) decreased with increasing BMI category: UW (80.68) compared to N (78.51), OW (77.67) and O (78.72) [p=0.0014]. There is a weak yet statistically significant correlation between FeNO levels and both age, BMI. Multivariate analysis predicting FeNO based on BMI category, adjusting for age, gender, race and airway obstruction found age less than 60 years, male gender, certain races and UW BMI category were associated with statistically significantly lower FeNO levels. CONCLUSIONS Older age and male gender are associated with increased FeNO levels. Controlling for age, gender, and race, obese individuals have a statistically significantly higher FENO than underweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Uppalapati
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Sindhura Gogineni
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph R Espiritu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Tinius RA, Cahill AG, Strand EA, Cade WT. Maternal inflammation during late pregnancy is lower in physically active compared with inactive obese women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 41:191-8. [PMID: 26799789 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The primary purpose of this study was to compare maternal plasma inflammation between physically active and inactive obese women during late pregnancy. The secondary purpose was to examine the relationships between maternal plasma inflammation and lipid metabolism and maternal and neonatal metabolic health in these women. A cross-sectional, observational study design was performed in 16 obese-inactive (OBI; means ± SD; age, 25.0 ± 4.8 years; prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), 36.3 ± 4.3 kg/m(2); body fat percentage in late gestation, 37.7% ± 3.5%) and 16 obese-active (OBA; age, 28.9 ± 4.8 years; prepregnancy BMI, 34.0 ± 3.7 kg/m(2); body fat in late gestation, 36.6% ± 3.8%) women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal plasma inflammation (C -reactive protein (CRP)) and insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance) were measured at rest. Plasma lipid concentration and metabolism (lipid oxidation and lipolysis) were measured at rest, during a 30-min bout of low-intensity (40% peak oxygen uptake) exercise, and during a resting recovery period using indirect calorimetry. Umbilical cord blood was collected for measurement of neonatal plasma insulin resistance, inflammation, and lipid concentration. Neonatal body composition was measured via air displacement plethysmography. Maternal plasma CRP concentration was significantly higher in OBI compared with OBA women (9.1 ± 4.0 mg/L vs. 6.3 ± 2.5 mg/L, p = 0.02). Maternal plasma CRP concentration was significantly associated with maternal lipolysis (r = 0.43, p = 0.02), baseline lipid oxidation rate (r = 0.39, p = 0.03), and baseline plasma free fatty acid concentration (r = 0.36, p = 0.04). In conclusion, maternal physical activity may reduce inflammation during pregnancy in obese women. Maternal lipid metabolism is related to systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Tinius
- a Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63139, USA
| | - Alison G Cahill
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eric A Strand
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - W Todd Cade
- a Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63139, USA
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Crawford TN, Arikawa AY, Kurzer MS, Schmitz KH, Phipps WR. Cross-sectional study of factors influencing sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations in normally cycling premenopausal women. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:1544-51. [PMID: 26385402 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between SHBG and 18 other hormonal and metabolic parameters in well characterized, normally cycling premenopausal women. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University general clinical research center. SUBJECT(S) A total of 319 young healthy women with ovulatory menstrual cycles. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Midfollicular serum SHBG concentrations. RESULT(S) In our final linear regression model, SHBG was negatively associated with bioavailable T and positively associated with adiponectin, associations that were independent from other parameters. SHBG was also positively associated with estrone sulfate, but only when taking into account confounding variables. Unexpectedly, there was no straightforward relationship between SHBG and insulin resistance according to homeostasis-model assessment. CONCLUSION(S) Our results highlight the link between androgen action, as reflected by bioavailable T, and circulating SHBG concentrations in all premenopausal women and speak to the importance of the relationship between SHBG and adiponectin, which is at least in part independent from androgen action. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00393172.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia N Crawford
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Andrea Y Arikawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Mindy S Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Kathryn H Schmitz
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - William R Phipps
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Hawkins M, Braun B, Marcus BH, Stanek E, Markenson G, Chasan-Taber L. The impact of an exercise intervention on C - reactive protein during pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:139. [PMID: 26104503 PMCID: PMC4479080 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background C-reactive protein (CRP) during pregnancy has been associated with adverse maternal outcomes such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus. Randomized trials suggest that exercise programs may be associated with reductions in CRP in non-pregnant populations; however, such studies have not been conducted among pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an individually-tailored motivationally-matched exercise intervention on CRP in pregnant women. Methods The Behaviors Affecting Baby and You study was a randomized controlled trial of prenatal physical activity to prevent the development of gestational diabetes mellitus in women at increased risk. Women were randomized to either a 12-week exercise intervention (n = 84) or a comparison health and wellness intervention (n = 87). High sensitivity CRP (mg/dL) was measured using a commercial immunoassay kit. Physical activity was measured using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire. Mixed model analyses were used to evaluate the impact of the intervention on change in CRP using an intent-to-treat approach. Results CRP decreased (−0.09 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −0.25, 0.07) from pre- to post-intervention in the exercise arm (p = 0.14) and increased (0.08 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −0.07, 0.24) (p = 0.64) in the health and wellness arm; however the between group difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.14). Findings did not differ according to ethnic group or pre-pregnancy body mass index. In a secondary analysis based on self-reported physical activity, women who decreased their time spent in sports/exercise experienced a mean increase in CRP (0.09 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −0.14, 0.33), whereas women who maintained or increased their sports/ exercise experienced a mean decrease in CRP (−0.08 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −0.23, 0.08) (p = 0.046). Conclusions Findings from this randomized trial in an ethnically and socio-economically diverse population of pregnant women were consistent with a positive impact of the exercise intervention on CRP levels, but not of statistical significance. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00728377. Registered 2 August 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marquis Hawkins
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Barry Braun
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Bess H Marcus
- Department Family and Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Edward Stanek
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | | | - Lisa Chasan-Taber
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Loprinzi PD, Walker JF. Combined association of physical activity and diet with C-reactive protein among smokers. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:51. [PMID: 26106588 PMCID: PMC4477475 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background In the general population, both physical activity and dietary behavior are independently associated with less systemic inflammation, with this relationship less examined among smokers. To our knowledge, no study has examined the combined association of both physical activity and dietary behavior on systemic inflammation among daily smokers, which was the purpose of this study. Methods Data from the 2003–2006 NHANES were employed. 810 adult smokers provided C-reactive protein data (CRP; a marker of inflammation), and sufficient physical activity (accelerometry) and dietary data (healthy eating index). Results The fully adjusted model showed that participants meeting physical activity guidelines and eating a healthy diet (β = −0.34, p = 0.03) had lower CRP levels when compared to those not engaging in these health behaviors, but only having one health behavior was not a significant predictor of CRP (β = −0.19, p = 0.14). Conclusions Smokers engaging in regular physical activity while consuming a healthy diet demonstrate lower CRP levels than their counterparts. When taken together, these behaviors may mitigate inflammation associated with various chronic diseases, which is of particular importance as very few smokers successfully quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Center for Health Behavior Research, School of Applied Sciences, The University of Mississippi, 215 Turner Center, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Jerome F Walker
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY USA
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Hinriksdóttir G, Tryggvadóttir Á, Ólafsdóttir AS, Arngrímsson SÁ. Fatness but Not Fitness Relative to the Fat-Free Mass Is Related to C-Reactive Protein in 18 Year-Old Adolescents. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130597. [PMID: 26075745 PMCID: PMC4468067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The interaction between fatness, fitness, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in adolescents is not well characterized but may be important to prevent low grade inflammation. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between adiposity, different expressions of fitness, and CRP in late adolescence using direct measures of fitness and fatness. Methods Anthropometric measurements were taken on 245 eighteen-year-old participants (116 girls). Fasting CRP, glucose, and insulin were measured and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) calculated. Body composition was estimated via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fitness was assessed with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) during a treadmill test and also expressed relative to the fat-free mass (VO2maxFFM). Results Prevalence of overweight/obesity based on body mass index (BMI) was 20.7% and 25.6% among girls and boys, respectively (p = 0.407), but 42.5% and 58.1% when based on body fat percentage (%fat, p = 0.015). Higher proportion of boys (81.3%) than girls (54.5%) were highly fit (p<0.001), but the percentage of girls with high levels of CRP was greater (12.1% vs 6.2%, p = 0.028). Adiposity, indicated with BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, android fat mass (aFM), or %fat, was positively associated with CRP independent of VO2max (r = 0.13-0.18, p<0.05) and VO2maxFFM (r = 0.24-0.32, p<0.001). VO2max, was negatively associated with CRP independent only of BMI and waist circumference (r = -0.21, p = 0.001), but not %fat, fat mass or aFM (r = -0.08 to -0.12, p>0.05). VO2maxFFM was unrelated to CRP with (r = -0.07 to -0.11, p>0.05) or without (r = -0.10, p = 0.142) adjustment for adiposity. Additional adjustment for HOMA did not change any of the relationships, although the coefficients were attenuated. Conclusions Fatness has a greater association with CRP than fitness in late adolescence. However, VO2maxFFM, which is truly independent of adiposity, is unrelated to CRP, indicating that the effects of fitness might be mediated via the fatness component embedded in fitness expressed relative to body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ágústa Tryggvadóttir
- Center for Sport and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Laugarvatn, Iceland
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Samut G, Dinçer F, Özdemir O. The effect of isokinetic and aerobic exercises on serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels, pain, and functional activity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2015; 25:919-24. [DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2015.1038425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gülbüz Samut
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fitnat Dinçer
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oya Özdemir
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Pantham P, Aye ILMH, Powell TL. Inflammation in maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus. Placenta 2015; 36:709-15. [PMID: 25972077 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of maternal obesity is rising rapidly worldwide and constitutes a major obstetric problem, increasing mortality and morbidity in both mother and offspring. Obese women are predisposed to pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and children of obese mothers are more likely to develop cardiovascular and metabolic disease in later life. Maternal obesity and GDM may be associated with a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation termed "metainflammation", as opposed to an acute inflammatory response. This inflammatory environment may be one mechanism by which offspring of obese women are programmed to develop adult disorders. METHODS Herein we review the evidence that maternal obesity and GDM are associated with changes in the maternal, fetal and placental inflammatory profile. RESULTS Maternal inflammation in obesity and GDM may not always be associated with fetal inflammation. CONCLUSION We propose that the placenta 'senses' and adapts to the maternal inflammatory environment, and plays a central role as both a target and producer of inflammatory mediators. In this manner, maternal obesity and GDM may indirectly program the fetus for later disease by influencing placental function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pantham
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - I L M H Aye
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - T L Powell
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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A combination of palm oil tocotrienols and citrus peel polymethoxylated flavones does not influence elevated LDL cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:1209-14. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Risk Reduction from Weight Management and Physical Activity Interventions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 862:193-212. [PMID: 26059937 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16366-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and low levels of physical activity are associated with a higher risk of breast cancer recurrence and mortality. Currently, over 65% of breast cancer survivors are overweight or obese, and fewer than 30% engage in recommended levels of physical activity. The reason for low adherence to lifestyle guidelines is likely multifactorial. Given the continuing trend of increased obesity and physical inactivity in the United States, worldwide and in breast cancer survivors, more research showing the direct effect of weight loss and/or exercise on breast cancer recurrence and mortality is needed. Many exercise interventions have examined the impact of increasing exercise on changes in quality of life, with most studies showing a favorable effect of exercise on quality of life. Smaller Phase II randomized trials using biomarkers as surrogate endpoints is likely appropriate to answer questions regarding mechanisms of action, exercise type, volume, and intensity, yet a definitive trial of weight loss and exercise on disease-free survival is critical for moving the field forward. Research is also necessary on how to disseminate lifestyle interventions into the clinic and community that lead to clinically meaningful weight losses of at least 5% that are maintained over time, and favorable sustained changes in physical activity levels. Changes in referrals, access, and reimbursement of lifestyle programs may lead to favorable changes in the prevalence of obesity and physical activity in breast cancer survivors and in turn rates of breast cancer recurrence and mortality.
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Silverman MN, Deuster PA. Biological mechanisms underlying the role of physical fitness in health and resilience. Interface Focus 2014; 4:20140040. [PMID: 25285199 PMCID: PMC4142018 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2014.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical fitness, achieved through regular exercise and/or spontaneous physical activity, confers resilience by inducing positive psychological and physiological benefits, blunting stress reactivity, protecting against potentially adverse behavioural and metabolic consequences of stressful events and preventing many chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the biological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical fitness on mental and physical health. Physical fitness appears to buffer against stress-related disease owing to its blunting/optimizing effects on hormonal stress responsive systems, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. This blunting appears to contribute to reduced emotional, physiological and metabolic reactivity as well as increased positive mood and well-being. Another mechanism whereby regular exercise and/or physical fitness may confer resilience is through minimizing excessive inflammation. Chronic psychological stress, physical inactivity and abdominal adiposity have been associated with persistent, systemic, low-grade inflammation and exert adverse effects on mental and physical health. The anti-inflammatory effects of regular exercise/activity can promote behavioural and metabolic resilience, and protect against various chronic diseases associated with systemic inflammation. Moreover, exercise may benefit the brain by enhancing growth factor expression and neural plasticity, thereby contributing to improved mood and cognition. In summary, the mechanisms whereby physical fitness promotes increased resilience and well-being and positive psychological and physical health are diverse and complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia A. Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Thompson CL, Owusu C, Nock NL, Li L, Berger NA. Race, age, and obesity disparities in adult physical activity levels in breast cancer patients and controls. Front Public Health 2014; 2:150. [PMID: 25285306 PMCID: PMC4168674 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has been shown to be inversely associated with breast cancer recurrence and survival. Although physical activity is known to decline with age, rates of change in physical activity have not been well characterized in breast cancer patients and subgroups with known disparities in breast cancer survival, especially in minorities, the elderly, and the obese. We evaluated moderate and strenuous physical activity from high school through diagnosis in 1,220 breast cancer patients, and from high school to recruitment in 935 controls. We compared the proportion of patients and controls meeting the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines for physical activity and differences in declines in level of physical activity by race, age, and obesity. At diagnosis, only 33.2% of breast cancer patients met the ACS physical activity guidelines. Only 13.2, 24.7, and 30.5% of African-American (AA), obese, and older (≥65 years) patients met the guidelines, respectively. Controls showed slightly higher rates, with 36.4% overall, 23.7% of AA, 29.0% of obese, and 32.4% of older women meeting the guidelines. AA patients were less likely to meet guidelines compared to White patients (p < 0.0001). Obese patients were less likely to meet guidelines compared to non-obese (p < 0.0001). We found that both moderate and strenuous physical activity declined after high school in patients and controls. AA patients reported steeper declines in strenuous (p = 0.0027), and total (p = 0.0009) physical activity compared to Whites. Obese patients reported steeper declines in total physical activity compared to non-obese (p = 0.022). Differences in average slopes of declines in physical activity were not observed by age. Our results suggest that strategies and programs to encourage women to maintain recommended levels of physical activity after high school are needed. Furthermore, breast cancer patients, particularly AA and obese patients, should be targeted to help reduce disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Thompson
- Department of Family Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA ; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Cynthia Owusu
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA ; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Nora L Nock
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA ; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA ; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Nathan A Berger
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA ; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
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TLR4-mediated blunting of inflammatory responses to eccentric exercise in young women. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:479395. [PMID: 25294957 PMCID: PMC4175753 DOI: 10.1155/2014/479395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the inflammatory response mediated by the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway after acute eccentric exercise before and after an eccentric training program in women. Twenty women performed two acute eccentric bouts using a squat machine over a ~9 week interval. The training group (TG) carried out an eccentric training program during 6 weeks, while the control group (CG) did not follow any training. Protein content of markers involved in the TLR4-mediated activation of several nuclear transcription factors, such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and interferon regulatory transcription factor 3 (IRF3), was analyzed. The inflammatory response after the first acute bout was similar between TG and CG, showing an upregulation of all the markers analyzed, with the exception of IRF3. After the second bout, the upregulation of TLR4 signaling pathway was blunted in TG, but not in CG, through both the myeloid differentiation factor 88- and toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain containing adapter inducing interferon-β-dependent pathways. These results highlight the role of the TLR4 in controlling the exercise-induced inflammatory response in young women. More importantly, these data suggest eccentric training may help to prevent TLR4 activation principally through NF-κB, and perhaps IRF3, downstream signaling in this population.
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Rosety-Rodriguez M, Diaz AJ, Rosety I, Rosety MA, Camacho A, Fornieles G, Rosety M, Ordonez FJ. Exercise reduced inflammation: but for how long after training? JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2014; 58:874-879. [PMID: 24224738 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that obese people with trisomy 21 suffer from low-grade systemic inflammation. A recent study has found that aerobic training reduced inflammation in obese women with Down syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, the study reported in this paper is the first to determine for how long these effects were maintained after completion of the programme. METHODS Twenty premenopausal obese women (18-30 years old) with Down syndrome volunteered for this study. Eleven were randomly assigned to the intervention group and performed a 10-week aerobic training programme, 3 sessions per week, consisting of warming-up followed by treadmill exercise (30-40 min) at a work intensity of 55-65% of peak heart rate and a cooling-down period. The control group included 9, age, sex and BMI matched women with Down syndrome that did not perform any training programme. Fat mass percentage and distribution were measured. Plasma level of IL-6 and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were monitored. Time-course changes for these outcomes were assessed at pre- and post-intervention. Further, they were re-evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months after completion of the programme. RESULTS Three months after completion of the programme, plasma levels of IL-6 and hs-CRP were significantly increased. Up to 6 months later, both fat mass percentage and waist circumference (WC) were significantly increased. Furthermore, physical fitness was also impaired in the intervention group. No changes were observed in the control group. CONCLUSION A 3-month detraining period significantly impaired chronic inflammation in obese women with DS.
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Recreational Exercise Before and During Pregnancy in Relation to Plasma C-Reactive Protein Concentrations in Pregnant Women. J Phys Act Health 2014; 12:770-5. [PMID: 25111060 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2013-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women who are physically active have a lower risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes than women who are less active. One possible mechanism is a reduction in low-grade inflammation, as measured by plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP). The association between exercise and CRP in pregnant women, however, has not been adequately investigated. METHODS A total of 537 pregnant women, enrolled around the 17th week of gestation in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study in 2003 to 2004, were studied. Self-reported recreational exercise was recalled for both 3 months before pregnancy and early pregnancy. The total energy expenditure from recreational exercise (total recreational exercise, metabolic equivalent of task [MET]-hr/week) was estimated, and low-, moderate- and vigorous-intensity exercise was defined. Plasma CRP concentrations were measured during pregnancy. RESULTS In adjusted linear regression models, mean CRP concentration was 1.0% lower [95% CI = -1.9% to 0.2%] with each 1 MET-hr/week of total recreational exercise before pregnancy. In addition, vigorous-intensity exercise before pregnancy was more strongly related to a reduction in CRP levels than low- or moderate-intensity exercise. However, we observed no association between recreational exercise during pregnancy and plasma CRP levels. CONCLUSIONS Recreational exercise before pregnancy, especially vigorous exercise, may reduce the risk of maternal inflammation during pregnancy.
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Ordonez FJ, Rosety MA, Camacho A, Rosety I, Diaz AJ, Fornieles G, Garcia N, Rosety-Rodriguez M. Aerobic training improved low-grade inflammation in obese women with intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2014; 58:583-590. [PMID: 23742222 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major health problem in people with intellectual disabilities. It is also widely accepted that low-grade systemic inflammation associated to obesity plays a key role in the pathogenic mechanism of several disorders. Fortunately, physical activity has shown to improve inflammation in people with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Accordingly, we assessed the influence of aerobic training on pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in women with Down syndrome. METHODS To achieve this outcome, 20 premenopausal obese young women with Down syndrome volunteered for this study. Eleven were randomly assigned to the intervention group and performed a 10-week aerobic training programme, three sessions per week, consisting of a warm-up then a 30- to 40-min treadmill exercise at a work intensity of 55-65% of peak heart rate followed by a cooling-down period. The control group included nine age-, sex- and body mass index-matched women with Down syndrome. Fat mass percentage and fat distribution were measured. Plasmatic levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and fibrinogen were assessed by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed by nephelometry. RESULTS Plasmatic levels of TNF-α (11.7 ± 1.6 vs. 9.2 ± 1.3 pg/ml; P = 0.022), IL-6 (8.2 ± 1.1 vs. 6.1 ± 0.9 pg/ml; P = 0.014) and high sensitive CRP (0.62 ± 0.11 vs. 0.53 ± 0.09 mg/dl; P = 0.009) were significantly reduced in the intervention group. Further, significant correlations between plasmatic and anthropometric parameters were found. CONCLUSION A 10-week training programme reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in obese young women with Down syndrome. Long-term, well-conducted studies are still required to determine whether correction of this low-grade inflammation improves clinical outcomes of women with trisomy 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Ordonez
- School of Sports Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
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