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Stanca A, Carella MC, Basile P, Forleo C, Ciccone MM, Guaricci AI. Cardiomyopathies and Psychiatric Disorders: An Overview and General Clinical Recommendations. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00245. [PMID: 38602404 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The association between cardiomyopathies (CMPs) and psychiatric disorders is a complex and bidirectional phenomenon that involves multiple mechanisms and factors. CMPs may raise the risk of psychiatric disorders due to the psychological stress, physical limitations, social isolation, or poor prognosis associated with the underlying disease. Psychiatric disorders, on the other hand, can increase the possibility of developing or worsening CMPs due to the behavioral, neuroendocrine, inflammatory, or pharmacological effects of mental illness or its treatment. Moreover, some common genetic or environmental factors may have a relevant influence on both conditions. With this comprehensive review, we sought to provide an overview of the current evidence on the strict and intriguing interconnection between CMPs and psychiatric disorders, focusing on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical implications, and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Stanca
- From the University Cardiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), "Aldo Moro" University School of Medicine, AOUC Polyclinic of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Voinescu OR, Ionac A, Sosdean R, Ionac I, Ana LS, Kundnani NR, Morariu S, Puiu M, Chirita-Emandi A. Genotype-Phenotype Insights of Inherited Cardiomyopathies-A Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:543. [PMID: 38674189 PMCID: PMC11052121 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background: Cardiomyopathies (CMs) represent a heterogeneous group of primary myocardial diseases characterized by structural and functional abnormalities. They represent one of the leading causes of cardiac transplantations and cardiac death in young individuals. Clinically they vary from asymptomatic to symptomatic heart failure, with a high risk of sudden cardiac death due to malignant arrhythmias. With the increasing availability of genetic testing, a significant number of affected people are found to have an underlying genetic etiology. However, the awareness of the benefits of incorporating genetic test results into the care of these patients is relatively low. Aim: The focus of this review is to summarize the current basis of genetic CMs, including the most encountered genes associated with the main types of cardiomyopathies: hypertrophic, dilated, restrictive arrhythmogenic, and non-compaction. Materials and Methods: For this narrative review, we performed a search of multiple electronic databases, to select and evaluate relevant manuscripts. Results: Advances in genetic diagnosis led to better diagnosis precision and prognosis prediction, especially with regard to the risk of developing arrhythmias in certain subtypes of cardiomyopathies. Conclusions: Implementing the genomic information to benefit future patient care, better risk stratification and management, promises a better future for genotype-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Raluca Voinescu
- Department of Cardiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adina Ionac
- Department of Cardiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre of Timisoara Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Gheorghe Adam Street 13A, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Raluca Sosdean
- Department of Cardiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre of Timisoara Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Gheorghe Adam Street 13A, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Ionac
- Department of Cardiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Luca Silvia Ana
- Department of Cardiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Gheorghe Adam Street 13A, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Nilima Rajpal Kundnani
- Department of Cardiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre of Timisoara Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stelian Morariu
- General Medicine Faculty, “Vasile Goldis” West University, 473223 Arad, Romania
| | - Maria Puiu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, Genetics Discipline, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics Timiș, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Țurcanu”, Iosif Nemoianu Street N°2, 300011 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adela Chirita-Emandi
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, Genetics Discipline, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics Timiș, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Țurcanu”, Iosif Nemoianu Street N°2, 300011 Timisoara, Romania
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Franzese M, Zanfardino M, Soricelli A, Coppola A, Maiello C, Salvatore M, Schiano C, Napoli C. Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Novel MED9 Short Isoform Identification. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3057. [PMID: 38474301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is among the leading indications for heart transplantation. DCM alters the transcriptomic profile. The alteration or activation/silencing of physiologically operating transcripts may explain the onset and progression of this pathological state. The mediator complex (MED) plays a fundamental role in the transcription process. The aim of this study is to investigate the MED subunits, which are altered in DCM, to identify target crossroads genes. RNA sequencing allowed us to identify specific MED subunits that are altered during familial DCM, transforming into human myocardial samples. N = 13 MED subunits were upregulated and n = 7 downregulated. MED9 alone was significantly reduced in patients compared to healthy subjects (HS) (FC = -1.257; p < 0.05). Interestingly, we found a short MED9 isoform (MED9s) (ENSG00000141026.6), which was upregulated when compared to the full-transcript isoform (MED9f). Motif identification analysis yielded several significant matches (p < 0.05), such as GATA4, which is downregulated in CHD. Moreover, although the protein-protein interaction network showed FOG2/ZFPM2, FOS and ID2 proteins to be the key interacting partners of GATA4, only FOG2/ZFPM2 overexpression showed an interaction score of "high confidence" ≥ 0.84. A significant change in the MED was observed during HF. For the first time, the MED9 subunit was significantly reduced between familial DCM and HS (p < 0.05), showing an increased MED9s isoform in DCM patients with respect to its full-length transcript. MED9 and GATA4 shared the same sequence motif and were involved in a network with FOG2/ZFPM2, FOS, and ID2, proteins already implicated in cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, 80143 Naples, Italy
- Department of Exercise and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Annapaola Coppola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Maiello
- Department of Cardiothoracic Science, U.O.S.D. of Heart Transplantation, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Concetta Schiano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, 80143 Naples, Italy
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), 80131 Naples, Italy
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Huang H, Verma J, Mok V, Bharadwaj HR, Alrawashdeh MM, Aratikatla A, Sudan S, Talukder S, Habaka M, Tse G, Bardhan M. Exploring Health Care Disparities in Genetic Testing and Research for Hereditary Cardiomyopathy: Current State and Future Perspectives. Glob Med Genet 2024; 11:36-47. [PMID: 38304308 PMCID: PMC10834107 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary cardiomyopathies are commonly occurring myocardial conditions affecting heart structure and function with a genetic or familial association, but the etiology is often unknown. Cardiomyopathies are linked to significant mortality, requiring robust risk stratification with genetic testing and early diagnosis. Hypothesis We hypothesized that health care disparities exist in genetic testing for hereditary cardiomyopathies within clinical practice and research studies. Methods In a narrative fashion, we conducted a literature search with online databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Science Direct on papers related to hereditary cardiomyopathies. A comprehensive analysis of findings from articles in English on disparities in diagnostics and treatment was grouped into four categories. Results Racial and ethnic disparities in research study enrollment and health care delivery favor White populations and higher socioeconomic status, resulting in differences in the development and implementation of effective genetic screening. Such disparities have shown to be detrimental, as minorities often suffer from disease progression to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Barriers related to clinical genetic testing included insurance-related issues and health illiteracy. The underrepresentation of minority populations extends to research methodologies, as testing in ethnic minorities resulted in a significantly lower detection rate and diagnostic yield, as well as a higher likelihood of misclassification of variants. Conclusions Prioritizing minority-based participatory research programs and screening protocols can address systemic disparities. Diversifying research studies can improve risk stratification strategies and impact clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Huang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jay Verma
- Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Valerie Mok
- Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hareesha R. Bharadwaj
- Division of Medical Education, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maen M. Alrawashdeh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adarsh Aratikatla
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sourav Sudan
- Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Suprateeka Talukder
- Department of Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Minatoullah Habaka
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary Tse
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Kent and Medway Medical School, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mainak Bardhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, United States
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Poleg T, Eskin-Schwartz M, Proskorovski-Ohayon R, Aminov I, Dolgin V, Agam N, Jean M, Safran A, Freund O, Levitas A, Konstantino Y, Birk OS, Westreich R, Haim M. Compound Heterozygosity for Late-Onset Cardiomyopathy-Causative ALPK3 Coding Variant and Novel Intronic Variant Cause Infantile Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:1325-1331. [PMID: 37973666 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy (HCM, DCM) are leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in children. The pseudokinase alpha-protein kinase 3 (ALPK3) plays an essential role in sarcomere organization and cardiomyocyte differentiation. ALPK3 coding mutations are causative of recessively inherited pediatric-onset DCM and HCM with variable expression of facial dysmorphism and skeletal abnormalities and implicated in dominantly inherited adult-onset cardiomyopathy. We now report two variants in ALPK3-a coding variant and a novel intronic variant affecting splicing. We demonstrate that compound heterozygosity for both variants is highly suggestive to be causative of infantile-onset HCM with webbed neck, and heterozygosity for the coding variant presents with adult-onset HCM. Our data validate partial penetrance of heterozygous loss-of-function ALPK3 mutations in late-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and expand the genotypic spectrum of autosomal recessive ALPK3-related cardiac disease with Noonan-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Poleg
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Marina Eskin-Schwartz
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Genetics Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Regina Proskorovski-Ohayon
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ilana Aminov
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Vadim Dolgin
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Nadav Agam
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Matan Jean
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Amit Safran
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ofek Freund
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Aviva Levitas
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Soroka University Medical Center, affiliated to the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yuval Konstantino
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Soroka University Medical Center, affiliated to the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ohad S Birk
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
- Genetics Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Roi Westreich
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Soroka University Medical Center, affiliated to the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Moti Haim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Soroka University Medical Center, affiliated to the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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6
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Bazgir F, Nau J, Nakhaei-Rad S, Amin E, Wolf MJ, Saucerman JJ, Lorenz K, Ahmadian MR. The Microenvironment of the Pathogenesis of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Cells 2023; 12:1780. [PMID: 37443814 PMCID: PMC10341218 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a key risk factor for the development of heart failure and predisposes individuals to cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death. While physiological cardiac hypertrophy is adaptive, hypertrophy resulting from conditions comprising hypertension, aortic stenosis, or genetic mutations, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, is maladaptive. Here, we highlight the essential role and reciprocal interactions involving both cardiomyocytes and non-myocardial cells in response to pathological conditions. Prolonged cardiovascular stress causes cardiomyocytes and non-myocardial cells to enter an activated state releasing numerous pro-hypertrophic, pro-fibrotic, and pro-inflammatory mediators such as vasoactive hormones, growth factors, and cytokines, i.e., commencing signaling events that collectively cause cardiac hypertrophy. Fibrotic remodeling is mediated by cardiac fibroblasts as the central players, but also endothelial cells and resident and infiltrating immune cells enhance these processes. Many of these hypertrophic mediators are now being integrated into computational models that provide system-level insights and will help to translate our knowledge into new pharmacological targets. This perspective article summarizes the last decades' advances in cardiac hypertrophy research and discusses the herein-involved complex myocardial microenvironment and signaling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Bazgir
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Julia Nau
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- Stem Cell Biology, and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran;
| | - Ehsan Amin
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Matthew J. Wolf
- Department of Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Jeffry J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
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Orgil BO, Munkhsaikhan U, Pierre JF, Li N, Xu F, Alberson NR, Johnson JN, Wetzel GT, Boukens BJD, Lu L, Towbin JA, Purevjav E. The TMEM43 S358L mutation affects cardiac, small intestine, and metabolic homeostasis in a knock-in mouse model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H866-H880. [PMID: 37083466 PMCID: PMC10190833 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00712.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The transmembrane protein 43 (TMEM43/LUMA) p.S358L mutation causes arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy named as ARVC5, a fully penetrant disease with high risk of ventricular arrhythmias, sudden death, and heart failure. Male gender and vigorous exercise independently predicted deleterious outcome. Our systems genetics analysis revealed the importance of Tmem43 for cardiac and metabolic pathways associated with elevated lipid absorption from small intestine. This study sought to delineate gender-specific cardiac, intestinal, and metabolic phenotypes in vivo and investigate underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of S358L mutation. Serial echocardiography, surface electrocardiography (ECG), treadmill running, and body EchoMRI have been used in knock-in heterozygous (Tmem43WT/S358L), homozygous (Tmem43S358L), and wildtype (Tmem43WT) littermate mice. Electron microscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry, transcriptome, and protein analysis have been performed in cardiac and intestinal tissues. Systolic dysfunction was apparent in 3-mo-old Tmem43S358L and 6-mo-old Tmem43WT/S358L mutants. Both mutant lines displayed intolerance to acute stress at 6 mo of age, arrhythmias, fibro-fatty infiltration, and subcellular abnormalities in the myocardium. Microarray analysis found significantly differentially expressed genes between left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) myocardium. Mutants displayed diminished PPARG activities and significantly reduced TMEM43 and β-catenin expression in the heart, whereas junctional plakoglobin (JUP) translocated into nuclei of mutant cardiomyocytes. Conversely, elongated villi, fatty infiltration, and overexpression of gut epithelial proliferation markers, β-catenin and Ki-67, were evident in small intestine of mutants. We defined Tmem43 S358L-induced pathological effects on cardiac and intestinal homeostasis via distinctly disturbed WNT-β-catenin and PPARG signaling thereby contributing to ARVC5 pathophysiology. Results suggest that cardiometabolic assessment in mutation carriers may be important for predictive and personalized care.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This manuscript describes the findings of our investigation of cardiac, small intestine, and metabolic features of Tmem43-S358L mouse model. By investigating interorgan pathologies, we uncovered multiple mechanisms of the S358L-induced disease, and these unique mechanisms likely appear to contribute to the disease pathogenesis. We hope our findings are important and novel and open new avenues in the hunting for additional diagnostic and therapeutic targets in subjects carrying TMEM43 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyan-Ochir Orgil
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Undral Munkhsaikhan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyi Xu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Neely R Alberson
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jason N Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Glenn T Wetzel
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Bastiaan J D Boukens
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Towbin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Pediatric Cardiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
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8
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Atang AE, Rebbeck RT, Thomas DD, Avery AW. Cardiomyopathy-associated variants alter the structure and function of the α-actinin-2 actin-binding domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 670:12-18. [PMID: 37271035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) are characterized by thickening, thinning, or stiffening, respectively, of the ventricular myocardium, resulting in diastolic or systolic dysfunction that can lead to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Recently, variants in the ACTN2 gene, encoding the protein α-actinin-2, have been reported in HCM, DCM, and RCM patients. However, functional data supporting the pathogenicity of these variants is limited, and potential mechanisms by which these variants cause disease are largely unexplored. Currently, NIH ClinVar lists 34 ACTN2 missense variants, identified in cardiomyopathy patients, which we predict are likely to disrupt actin binding, based on their localization to specific substructures in the α-actinin-2 actin binding domain (ABD). We investigated the molecular consequences of three ABD localized, HCM-associated variants: A119T, M228T and T247 M. Using circular dichroism, we demonstrate that the mutant ABD proteins can attain a well-folded state. However, thermal denaturation studies show that all three mutations are destabilizing, suggesting a structural disruption. Importantly, A119T decreased actin binding, and M228T and T247M cause increased actin binding. We suggest that altered actin binding underlies pathogenesis for cardiomyopathy mutations localizing to the ABD of α-actinin-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Atang
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309-4479, USA
| | - Robyn T Rebbeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - David D Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Adam W Avery
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309-4479, USA.
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9
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Htet M, Lei S, Bajpayi S, Zoitou A, Chamakioti M, Tampakakis E. The role of noncoding genetic variants in cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1116925. [PMID: 37283586 PMCID: PMC10239966 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1116925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Environmental risk factors and genetic predisposition account for most cardiomyopathy cases. As with all complex diseases, there are significant challenges in the interpretation of the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiomyopathy-associated genetic variants. Given the technical improvements and reduced costs of DNA sequence technologies, an increasing number of patients are now undergoing genetic testing, resulting in a continuously expanding list of novel mutations. However, many patients carry noncoding genetic variants, and although emerging evidence supports their contribution to cardiac disease, their role in cardiomyopathies remains largely understudied. In this review, we summarize published studies reporting on the association of different types of noncoding variants with various types of cardiomyopathies. We focus on variants within transcriptional enhancers, promoters, intronic sites, and untranslated regions that are likely associated with cardiac disease. Given the broad nature of this topic, we provide an overview of studies that are relatively recent and have sufficient evidence to support a significant degree of causality. We believe that more research with additional validation of noncoding genetic variants will provide further mechanistic insights on the development of cardiac disease, and noncoding variants will be increasingly incorporated in future genetic screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myo Htet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shunyao Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sheetal Bajpayi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Asimina Zoitou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Emmanouil Tampakakis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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10
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Weis A, Krueck S, Dombrowsky G, Schänzer A, Jux C, Uebing A, Voges I, Hitz MP, Rupp S. Genetic Screening Reveals Heterogeneous Clinical Phenotypes in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Troponin T2 Variants. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040611. [PMID: 37108997 PMCID: PMC10145473 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiomyopathies (CMs) are a heterogeneous and severe group of diseases that shows a highly variable cardiac phenotype and an incidence of app. 1/100.000. Genetic screening of family members is not yet performed routinely. Patients and methods: Three families with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and pathogenic variants in the troponin T2, Cardiac Type (TNNT2) gene were included. Pedigrees and clinical data of the patients were collected. The reported variants in the TNNT2 gene showed a high penetrance and a poor outcome, with 8 of 16 patients dying or receiving heart transplantation. The age of onset varied from the neonatal period to the age of 52. Acute heart failure and severe decompensation developed within a short period in some patients. Conclusion: Family screening of patients with DCM improves risk assessment, especially for individuals who are currently asymptomatic. Screening contributes to improved treatment by enabling practitioners to set appropriate control intervals and quickly begin interventional measures, such as heart failure medication or, in selected cases, pulmonary artery banding.
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11
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Ganipineni VDP, Gutlapalli SD, Danda S, Garlapati SKP, Fabian D, Okorie I, Paramsothy J. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) in Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Clinical Review on Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Cureus 2023; 15:e35774. [PMID: 37025725 PMCID: PMC10071452 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most important causes of heart failure in developed and developing countries. Currently, most medical interventions in the treatment of DCM are mainly focused on mitigating the progression of the disease and controlling the symptoms. The vast majority of patients who survive till the late stages of the disease require cardiac transplantation; this is exactly why we need novel therapeutic interventions and hopefully treatments that can reverse the clinical cardiac deterioration in patients with DCM. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology is a novel therapeutic intervention with such capacity; it can help us edit the genome of patients with genetic etiology for DCM and potentially cure them permanently. This review provides an overview of studies investigating CRISPR-based gene editing in DCM, including the use of CRISPR in DCM disease models, phenotypic screening, and genotype-specific precision therapies. The review discusses the outcomes of these studies and highlights the potential benefits of CRISPR in developing novel genotype-agnostic therapeutic strategies for the genetic causes of DCM. The databases we used to extract relevant literature include PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central. We used the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) strategy for our literature search in PubMed and relevant search keywords for other databases. We screened all the relevant articles from inception till February 22, 2023. We retained 74 research articles after carefully reviewing each of them. We concluded that CRISPR gene editing has shown promise in developing precise and genotype-specific therapeutic strategies for DCM, but there are challenges and limitations, such as delivering CRISPR-Cas9 to human cardiomyocytes and the potential for unintended gene targeting. This study represents a turning point in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying DCM and paves the way for further investigation into the application of genomic editing for identifying novel therapeutic targets. This study can also act as a potential framework for novel therapeutic interventions in other genetic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Durga Pradeep Ganipineni
- Department of Internal Medicine, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chennai, IND
- Department of General Medicine, Andhra Medical College/King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam, IND
| | - Sai Dheeraj Gutlapalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, USA
- Internal Medicine and Clinical Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sumanth Danda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Katuri Medical College & Hospital, Guntur, IND
| | | | - Daniel Fabian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, USA
| | - Ikpechukwu Okorie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, USA
| | - Jananthan Paramsothy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, USA
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12
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Orgil BO, Xu F, Munkhsaikhan U, Alberson NR, Bajpai AK, Johnson JN, Sun Y, Towbin JA, Lu L, Purevjav E. Echocardiography phenotyping in murine genetic reference population of BXD strains reveals significant QTLs associated with cardiac function and morphology. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:51-66. [PMID: 36534598 PMCID: PMC9902221 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00120.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic reference population of recombinant inbred BXD mice has been derived from crosses between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J strains. The DBA/2J parent exhibits cardiomyopathy phenotypes, whereas C57BL/6J has normal heart. BXD mice are sequenced for studying genetic interactions in cardiomyopathies. The study aimed to assess cardiomyopathy traits in BXDs and investigate the quantitative genetic architecture of those traits. Echocardiography, blood pressure, and cardiomyocyte size parameters obtained from 44 strains of BXD family (n > 5/sex) at 4-5 mo of age were associated with heart transcriptomes and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping was performed. More than twofold variance in ejection fraction (EF%), fractional shortening (FS%), left ventricular volumes (LVVols), internal dimensions (LVIDs), mass (LVM), and posterior wall (LVPW) thickness was found among BXDs. In male BXDs, eQTL mapping identified Ndrg4 on chromosome 8 QTL to be positively correlated with LVVol and LVID and negatively associated with cardiomyocyte diameter. In female BXDs, significant QTLs were found on chromosomes 7 and 3 to be associated with LVPW and EF% and FS%, respectively, and Josd2, Dap3, and Tpm3 were predicted as strong candidate genes. Our study found variable cardiovascular traits among BXD strains and identified multiple associated QTLs, suggesting an influence of genetic background on expression of echocardiographic and cardiomyocyte diameter traits. Increased LVVol and reduced EF% and FS% represented dilated cardiomyopathy, whereas increased LV mass and wall thickness indicated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy traits. The BXD family is ideal for identifying candidate genes, causal and modifier, that influence cardiovascular phenotypes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study aimed to establish a cardiac phenotype-genotype correlation in murine genetic reference population of BXD RI strains by phenotyping the echocardiography, blood pressure, and cardiomyocyte diameter traits and associating each collected phenotype with genetic background. Our study identified several QTLs and candidate genes that have significant association with cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular dilation, and function including systolic hyperfunction and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyan-Ochir Orgil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Fuyi Xu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Undral Munkhsaikhan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Neely R Alberson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Bajpai
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jason N Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yao Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey A Towbin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
- Pediatric Cardiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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13
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Gaar-Humphreys KR, van den Brink A, Wekking M, Asselbergs FW, van Steenbeek FG, Harakalova M, Pei J. Targeting lipid metabolism as a new therapeutic strategy for inherited cardiomyopathies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1114459. [PMID: 36760574 PMCID: PMC9907444 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies caused by pathological genetic variants include multiple subtypes of heart disease. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have allowed for the identification of numerous genetic variants as pathological variants. However, the disease penetrance varies among mutated genes. Some can be associated with more than one disease subtype, leading to a complex genotype-phenotype relationship in inherited cardiomyopathies. Previous studies have demonstrated disrupted metabolism in inherited cardiomyopathies and the importance of metabolic adaptations in disease onset and progression. In addition, genotype- and phenotype-specific metabolic alterations, especially in lipid metabolism, have been revealed. In this mini-review, we describe the metabolic changes that are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which account for the largest proportion of inherited cardiomyopathies. We also summarize the affected expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in DCM and HCM, highlighting the potential of PPARA-targeting drugs as FAO modulators in treating patients with inherited cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R. Gaar-Humphreys
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alyssa van den Brink
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mark Wekking
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Folkert W. Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Health Data Research United Kingdom and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank G. van Steenbeek
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jiayi Pei
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Jiayi Pei,
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14
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Rajab BS. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological, Clinical, and Imaging Features. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:e250822208003. [PMID: 36028969 PMCID: PMC10201901 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x18666220825153725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systematic review was performed to deliver a critical view of clinical and research practice on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Saudi Arabia. Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched for original articles reporting clinical and/or imaging findings among HCM patients in Saudi Arabia. Of 559 records identified, 3 studies and 1 abstract were included, involving 169 patients. METHODS The mean age ranged between 40and 56 years, up to 93.3% were males. A family history of HCM was reported in one study (5%), and sudden cardiac death was investigated in two studies (9% and 13%). Dyspnea was the most frequent symptom (60-68.7%) reported, followed by chest pain (12.5%-73.3%). RESULTS Regarding complications, atrial fibrillation was reported among 0-25% of the patients, mitral regurgitations among 13.3-50%, and ventricular tachycardia among 5-12.5%. Imaging parameters were inadequately documented and suggested a high prevalence of left atrial enlargement, SVI + RV5 > 35 mm, blocks, and asymmetric septal hypertrophy. CONCLUSION The ejection fraction was reported by two studies with a mean±SD of 68±13% and 77.2±8.07%. The researchers stress the paucity, low quality, and disparity in time of original studies about HCM in Saudi Arabia and recommend conducting national multicenter studies, with appropriate design, notably using screening-based recruitment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodour S. Rajab
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Genome Editing and Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1396:87-101. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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16
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Genome Editing and Myocardial Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1396:53-73. [PMID: 36454459 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) has a strong genetic etiology, making it a likely candidate for therapeutic intervention using genetic editing. Complex genetics involving an orchestrated series of genetic events and over 400 genes are responsible for myocardial development. Cooperation is required from a vast series of genetic networks, and mutations in such can lead to CHD and cardiovascular abnormalities, affecting up to 1% of all live births. Genome editing technologies are becoming better studied and with time and improved logistics, CHD could be a prime therapeutic target. Syndromic, nonsyndromic, and cases of familial inheritance all involve identifiable causative mutations and thus have the potential for genome editing therapy. Mouse models are well-suited to study and predict clinical outcome. This review summarizes the anatomical and genetic timeline of myocardial development in both mice and humans, the potential of gene editing in typical CHD categories, as well as the use of mice thus far in reproducing models of human CHD and correcting the mutations that create them.
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17
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Kopylova GV, Matyushenko AM, Kochurova AM, Bershitsky SY, Shchepkin DV. Effects of Phosphorylation of Tropomyosin with Cardiomyopathic Mutations on Calcium Regulation of Myocardial Contraction. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022070092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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18
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Clinical Exome Sequencing Revealed a De Novo FLNC Mutation in a Child with Restrictive Cardiomyopathy. CARDIOGENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cardiogenetics12020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare disease of the myocardium caused by mutations in several genes including TNNT2, DES, TNNI3, MYPN and FLNC. Individuals affected by RCM often develop heart failure at a young age, requiring early heart transplantation. A 7-year-old patient was referred for genetic testing following a diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy. Clinical exome sequencing analysis identified a likely pathogenic mutation in the FLNC gene [(NM_001458.5 c.6527_6547dup p.(Arg2176_2182dup)]. Its clinical relevance was augmented by the fact that this variant was absent in the parents and was thus interpreted as de novo. Genetic testing is a powerful tool to clarify the diagnosis, guide intervention strategies and enable cascade testing in patients with pediatric-onset RCM.
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19
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Kurzlechner LM, Jones EG, Berkman AM, Tadros HJ, Rosenfeld JA, Yang Y, Tunuguntla H, Allen HD, Kim JJ, Landstrom AP. Signal-to-Noise Analysis Can Inform the Likelihood That Incidentally Identified Variants in Sarcomeric Genes Are Associated with Pediatric Cardiomyopathy. J Pers Med 2022; 12:733. [PMID: 35629155 PMCID: PMC9145017 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heritable cardiomyopathy and can predispose individuals to sudden death. Most pediatric HCM patients host a known pathogenic variant in a sarcomeric gene. With the increase in exome sequencing (ES) in clinical settings, incidental variants in HCM-associated genes are being identified more frequently. Diagnostic interpretation of incidental variants is crucial to enhance clinical patient management. We sought to use amino acid-level signal-to-noise (S:N) analysis to establish pathogenic hotspots in sarcomeric HCM-associated genes as well as to refine the 2015 American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) criteria to predict incidental variant pathogenicity. Methods and Results: Incidental variants in HCM genes (MYBPC3, MYH7, MYL2, MYL3, ACTC1, TPM1, TNNT2, TNNI3, and TNNC1) were obtained from a clinical ES referral database (Baylor Genetics) and compared to rare population variants (gnomAD) and variants from HCM literature cohort studies. A subset of the ES cohort was clinically evaluated at Texas Children’s Hospital. We compared the frequency of ES and HCM variants at specific amino acid locations in coding regions to rare variants (MAF < 0.0001) in gnomAD. S:N ratios were calculated at the gene- and amino acid-level to identify pathogenic hotspots. ES cohort variants were re-classified using ACMG criteria with S:N analysis as a correlate for PM1 criteria, which reduced the burden of variants of uncertain significance. In the clinical validation cohort, the majority of probands with cardiomyopathy or family history hosted likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants. Conclusions: Incidental variants in HCM-associated genes were common among clinical ES referrals, although the majority were not disease-associated. Leveraging amino acid-level S:N as a clinical tool may improve the diagnostic discriminatory ability of ACMG criteria by identifying pathogenic hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie M. Kurzlechner
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.M.K.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Edward G. Jones
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.G.J.); (H.J.T.); (H.T.); (H.D.A.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Amy M. Berkman
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.M.K.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Hanna J. Tadros
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.G.J.); (H.J.T.); (H.T.); (H.D.A.); (J.J.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.A.R.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.A.R.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Hari Tunuguntla
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.G.J.); (H.J.T.); (H.T.); (H.D.A.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Hugh D. Allen
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.G.J.); (H.J.T.); (H.T.); (H.D.A.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Jeffrey J. Kim
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.G.J.); (H.J.T.); (H.T.); (H.D.A.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Andrew P. Landstrom
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.M.K.); (A.M.B.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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20
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Camors EM, Roth AH, Alef JR, Sullivan RD, Johnson JN, Purevjav E, Towbin JA. Progressive Reduction in Right Ventricular Contractile Function Due to Altered Actin Expression in an Aging Mouse Model of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2022; 145:1609-1624. [PMID: 35437032 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.049261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited genetic disorder of desmosomal dysfunction, and plakophilin-2 (PKP2) has been reported to be the most common disease-causing gene when mutation-positive. In the early "concealed" phase, the ACM heart is at high risk of sudden cardiac death before cardiac remodeling occurs due to mistargeted ion channels and altered Ca2+ handling. However, the results of pathogenic PKP2 variants on myocyte contraction in ACM pathogenesis remain unknown. METHODS We studied the outcomes of a human truncating variant of PKP2 on myocyte contraction using a novel knock-in mouse model with insertion of thymidine in exon 5 of Pkp2, which mimics a familial case of ACM (PKP2-L404fsX5). We used serial echocardiography, electrocardiography, blood pressure measurements, histology, cardiomyocyte contraction, intracellular calcium measurements, and gene and protein expression studies. RESULTS Serial echocardiography of Pkp2 heterozygous (Pkp2-Het) mice revealed progressive failure of the right ventricle (RV) in animals older than three months of age. By contrast, left ventricular (LV) function remained normal. Electrocardiograms of six-month-old anesthetized Pkp2-Het mice showed normal baseline heart rates and QRS complexes. Cardiac responses to β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (2 mg.kg-1) plus caffeine (120 mg.kg-1) were also normal. However, adrenergic stimulation enhanced the susceptibility of Pkp2-Het hearts to tachyarrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Histologic staining showed no significant fibrosis or adipocyte infiltration in the RVs and LVs of six- and twelve-month-old Pkp2-Het hearts. Contractility assessment of isolated myocytes demonstrated progressively reduced Pkp2-Het RV cardiomyocyte function consistent with RV failure measured by echocardiography. However, aging Pkp2-Het and control RV myocytes loaded with intracellular Ca2+ indicator Fura-2 showed comparable Ca2+ transients. Western blotting of Pkp2-RV homogenates revealed a 40% decrease in actin, while actin immunoprecipitation followed by a 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine staining showed doubled oxidation level. This correlated with a 39% increase in troponin-I phosphorylation. In contrast, Pkp2-Het LV myocytes had normal contraction, actin expression and oxidation, and troponin-I phosphorylation. Finally, Western blotting of cardiac biopsies revealed actin expression was 40% decreased in RVs of end-stage ACM patients. CONCLUSIONS During the early "concealed" phase of ACM, reduced actin expression drives loss of RV myocyte contraction, contributing to progressive RV dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel M Camors
- Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Alyson H Roth
- Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Joseph R Alef
- Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Ryan D Sullivan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AR
| | - Jason N Johnson
- Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN; Pediatric Cardiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
- Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jeffrey A Towbin
- Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN; Pediatric Cardiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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21
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Bang ML, Bogomolovas J, Chen J. Understanding the molecular basis of cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H181-H233. [PMID: 34797172 PMCID: PMC8759964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and can be caused by mutations in a wide range of proteins located in different cellular compartments. The present review is based on Dr. Ju Chen's 2021 Robert M. Berne Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Cardiovascular Section, in which he provided an overview of the current knowledge on the cardiomyopathy-associated proteins that have been studied in his laboratory. The review provides a general summary of the proteins in different compartments of cardiomyocytes associated with cardiomyopathies, with specific focus on the proteins that have been studied in Dr. Chen's laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Bang
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ju Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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22
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Kaviarasan V, Mohammed V, Veerabathiran R. Genetic predisposition study of heart failure and its association with cardiomyopathy. Egypt Heart J 2022; 74:5. [PMID: 35061126 PMCID: PMC8782994 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-022-00240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical condition distinguished by structural and functional defects in the myocardium, which genetic and environmental factors can induce. HF is caused by various genetic factors that are both heterogeneous and complex. The incidence of HF varies depending on the definition and area, but it is calculated to be between 1 and 2% in developed countries. There are several factors associated with the progression of HF, ranging from coronary artery disease to hypertension, of which observed the most common genetic cause to be cardiomyopathy. The main objective of this study is to investigate heart failure and its association with cardiomyopathy with their genetic variants. The selected novel genes that have been linked to human inherited cardiomyopathy play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of HF. Research sources collected from the human gene mutation and several databases revealed that numerous genes are linked to cardiomyopathy and thus explained the hereditary influence of such a condition. Our findings support the understanding of the genetics aspect of HF and will provide more accurate evidence of the role of changing disease accuracy. Furthermore, a better knowledge of the molecular pathophysiology of genetically caused HF could contribute to the emergence of personalized therapeutics in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishak Kaviarasan
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamilnadu, 603103, India
| | - Vajagathali Mohammed
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamilnadu, 603103, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamilnadu, 603103, India.
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23
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Cheng J, Wei W, Fang Y, Zhou N, Wu Q, Zhao Q. Sudden cardiac death and cardiac sodium channel diseases. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_123_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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24
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MicroRNAs: From Junk RNA to Life Regulators and Their Role in Cardiovascular Disease. CARDIOGENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cardiogenetics11040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded small non-coding RNA (18–25 nucleotides) that until a few years ago were considered junk RNA. In the last twenty years, they have acquired more importance thanks to the understanding of their influence on gene expression and their role as negative regulators at post-transcriptional level, influencing the stability of messenger RNA (mRNA). Approximately 5% of the genome encodes miRNAs which are responsible for regulating numerous signaling pathways, cellular processes and cell-to-cell communication. In the cardiovascular system, miRNAs control the functions of various cells, such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, playing a role in physiological and pathological processes and seeming also related to variations in contractility and hereditary cardiomyopathies. They provide a new perspective on the pathophysiology of disorders such as hypertrophy, fibrosis, arrhythmia, inflammation and atherosclerosis. MiRNAs are differentially expressed in diseased tissue and can be released into the circulation and then detected. MiRNAs have become interesting for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for various diseases, including heart disease. In this review, the concept of miRNAs and their role in cardiomyopathies will be introduced, focusing on their potential as therapeutic and diagnostic targets (as biomarkers).
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25
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Gu Q, Xu F, Orgil BO, Khuchua Z, Munkhsaikhan U, Johnson JN, Alberson NR, Pierre JF, Black DD, Dong D, Brennan JA, Cathey BM, Efimov IR, Towbin JA, Purevjav E, Lu L. Systems Genetics Analysis Defines Importance Of TMEM43/LUMA For Cardiac And Metabolic Related Pathways. Physiol Genomics 2021; 54:22-35. [PMID: 34766515 PMCID: PMC8721901 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00066.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad cellular functions and diseases including muscular dystrophy,
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC5) and cancer are
associated with transmembrane protein43 (TMEM43/LUMA). The
study aimed to investigate biological roles of TMEM43 through
genetic regulation, gene pathways and gene networks, candidate interacting
genes, and up- or downstream regulators. Cardiac transcriptomes from 40 strains
of recombinant inbred BXD mice and two parental strains representing murine
genetic reference population (GRP) were applied for genetic correlation,
functional enrichment, and coexpression network analysis using systems genetics
approach. The results were validated in a newly created knock-in
Tmem43-S358L mutation mouse model (Tmem43S358L)
that displayed signs of cardiac dysfunction, resembling ARVC5 phenotype seen in
humans. We found high Tmem43 levels among BXDs with broad
variability in expression. Expression of Tmem43 highly
negatively correlated with heart mass and heart rate among BXDs, whereas levels
of Tmem43 highly positively correlated with plasma high-density
lipoproteins (HDL). Through finding differentially expressed genes (DEGs)
between Tmem43S358L mutant and wild-type (Tmem43WT) lines,
18 pathways (out of 42 found in BXDs GRP) that are involved in ARVC,
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and
Huntington’s disease were verified. We further constructed
Tmem43-mediated gene network, in which
Ctnna1, Adcy6, Gnas,
Ndufs6, and Uqcrc2 were significantly
altered in Tmem43S358L mice versus Tmem43WT controls. Our
study defined the importance of Tmem43 for cardiac- and
metabolism-related pathways, suggesting that cardiovascular disease-relevant
risk factors may also increase risk of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases
via TMEM43-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Gu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Fuyi Xu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Buyan-Ochir Orgil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Zaza Khuchua
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Undral Munkhsaikhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jason N Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Neely R Alberson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Dennis Darrel Black
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Deli Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Jaclyn A Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Brianna M Cathey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Towbin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States.,Pediatric Cardiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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26
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Chiti E, Di Paolo M, Turillazzi E, Rocchi A. MicroRNAs in Hypertrophic, Arrhythmogenic and Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091720. [PMID: 34574061 PMCID: PMC8469137 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs of about 20 nucleotides in length, involved in the regulation of many biochemical pathways in the human body. The level of miRNAs in tissues and circulation can be deregulated because of altered pathophysiological mechanisms; thus, they can be employed as biomarkers for different pathological conditions, such as cardiac diseases. This review summarizes published findings of these molecular biomarkers in the three most common structural cardiomyopathies: human dilated, arrhythmogenic and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Chiti
- Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Marco Di Paolo
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Anna Rocchi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.P.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence:
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27
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Verstraelen TE, van Lint FHM, Bosman LP, de Brouwer R, Proost VM, Abeln BGS, Taha K, Zwinderman AH, Dickhoff C, Oomen T, Schoonderwoerd BA, Kimman GP, Houweling AC, Gimeno-Blanes JR, Asselbergs FW, van der Zwaag PA, de Boer RA, van den Berg MP, van Tintelen JP, Wilde AAM. Prediction of ventricular arrhythmia in phospholamban p.Arg14del mutation carriers-reaching the frontiers of individual risk prediction. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:2842-2850. [PMID: 34113975 PMCID: PMC8325776 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aims to improve risk stratification for primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation by developing a new mutation-specific prediction model for malignant ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in phospholamban (PLN) p.Arg14del mutation carriers. The proposed model is compared to an existing PLN risk model. Methods and results Data were collected from PLN p.Arg14del mutation carriers with no history of malignant VA at baseline, identified between 2009 and 2020. Malignant VA was defined as sustained VA, appropriate ICD intervention, or (aborted) sudden cardiac death. A prediction model was developed using Cox regression. The study cohort consisted of 679 PLN p.Arg14del mutation carriers, with a minority of index patients (17%) and male sex (43%), and a median age of 42 years [interquartile range (IQR) 27–55]. During a median follow-up of 4.3 years (IQR 1.7–7.4), 72 (10.6%) carriers experienced malignant VA. Significant predictors were left ventricular ejection fraction, premature ventricular contraction count/24 h, amount of negative T waves, and presence of low-voltage electrocardiogram. The multivariable model had an excellent discriminative ability {C-statistic 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–0.88]}. Applying the existing PLN risk model to the complete cohort yielded a C-statistic of 0.68 (95% CI 0.61–0.75). Conclusion This new mutation-specific prediction model for individual VA risk in PLN p.Arg14del mutation carriers is superior to the existing PLN risk model, suggesting that risk prediction using mutation-specific phenotypic features can improve accuracy compared to a more generic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom E Verstraelen
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Freyja H M van Lint
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laurens P Bosman
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Remco de Brouwer
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Virginnio M Proost
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bob G S Abeln
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karim Taha
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aeilko H Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne Dickhoff
- Department of Cardiology, Dijklander Ziekenhuis Hoorn, Maelsonstraat 3, 1624 NP, Hoorn, Netherlands
| | - Toon Oomen
- Department of Cardiology, Antonius Ziekenhuis Sneek, Bolswarderbaan 1, 8601 ZK Sneek, Netherlands
| | - Bas A Schoonderwoerd
- Medical Center Leeuwarden, Department of Cardiology, Henri Dunantweg 2, 8934 AD, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Gerardus P Kimman
- Department of Cardiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD, Alkmaar, Netherlands
| | - Arjan C Houweling
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Juan R Gimeno-Blanes
- Department of Cardiology, Virgen de Arrixaca Hospital, Ctra,Murcia-Cartagena, s/n, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.,European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARDHEART)
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Institute of Health Informatics, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul A van der Zwaag
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maarten P van den Berg
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARDHEART)
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28
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Alhamoudi KM, Barhoumi T, Al-Eidi H, Asiri A, Nashabat M, Alaamery M, Alharbi M, Alhaidan Y, Tabarki B, Umair M, Alfadhel M. A homozygous nonsense mutation in DCBLD2 is a candidate cause of developmental delay, dysmorphic features and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12861. [PMID: 34145321 PMCID: PMC8213761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DCBLD2 encodes discodin, CUB and LCCL domain-containing protein 2, a type-I transmembrane receptor that is involved in intracellular receptor signalling pathways and the regulation of cell growth. In this report, we describe a 5-year-old female who presented severe clinical features, including restrictive cardiomyopathy, developmental delay, spasticity and dysmorphic features. Trio-whole-exome sequencing and segregation analysis were performed to identify the genetic cause of the disease within the family. A novel homozygous nonsense variant in the DCBLD2 gene (c.80G > A, p.W27*) was identified as the most likely cause of the patient's phenotype. This nonsense variant falls in the extracellular N-terminus of DCBLD2 and thus might affect proper protein function of the transmembrane receptor. A number of in vitro investigations were performed on the proband's skin fibroblasts compared to normal fibroblasts, which allowed a comprehensive assessment resulting in the functional characterization of the identified DCBLD2 nonsense variant in different cellular processes. Our data propose a significant association between the identified variant and the observed reduction in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, intracellular ROS, and Ca2 + levels, which would likely explain the phenotypic presentation of the patient as associated with lethal restrictive cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheloud M Alhamoudi
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tlili Barhoumi
- Medical Core Facility and Research Platforms, King Abdullah International Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Al-Eidi
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Asiri
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Al Nakhil, 225, Bisha, 67714, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Nashabat
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Alaamery
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Masheal Alharbi
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeid Alhaidan
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Brahim Tabarki
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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29
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Koretsky SN, Mershina EA, Myasnikov RP, Kulikova OV, Mirgorodskaya OV, Meshkov AN, Sinitsyn VE, Drapkina OM. Diagnostic value of standard and modified echocardiographic criteria for left ventricular noncompaction. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To assess the diagnostic value of standard and modified ultrasound criteria for left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC).Material and methods. The study included 37 patients. All patients underwent echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients with any of the standard echocardiographic criteria for LVNC (Chin, Jenni, Stollberger) were included in the study. We studied modified echocardiographic criteria of LVNC in 4 and 3-chamber apical views in systole and diastole in the anterolateral (ALsist and ALdiast) and posterolateral (PLsist and PLdiast) walls with the non-compact to compact layer ratio (NC/C) >2. To assess the diagnostic value of the echocardiographic LVNC criteria, the specificity (SP) and sensitivity (SN), the likelihood ratio for positive (LR+) and negative (LR-) test results were calculated, and the operating characteristic curve (ROC) was analyzed.Results. The study included 19 women (51,4%) and 18 men (48,6%), aged 18 to 69 years. The mean age of the patients was 37,7±12,6 years. Relative to the Petersen's MRI-criterion for the Chin's criterion, SN was 55%, SP — 53% (LR+ =1,2, LR- =0,9); for the Jenni's criterion, SN — 55%, SP — 35% (LR+ =0,9, LR- =1,3); for the Stollberger's criterion, SN — 70%, SP — 18% (LR+ =0,9, LR- =1,7); for PLsyst criterion, SP — 82%, SN — 50% (LR+ =2,8, LR- =0,6). Relative to the Grothoff's MRI-criterion, which determined the LVNC mass as a percentage, for the Chin's criterion, SN was 69%, SP — 58% (LR+ =of 1,7, LR- =0,5); for the Jenni's criterion, SN — 85%, SP — 54% (LR+ =1,9, LR- =0,3); for the Stollberger's criterion, SN — 77%, SP — 25% (LR+ =1,0, LR- =0,9); for PLdiast criterion SP — 79%, SN — 62% (LR+ =3,0, LR- =0,5); for PLsyst criterion SP — 63%, SN — 84% (LR+ of 2,2, LR- =0,3); for ALdiast criterion, SP — 83%, SN — 69% (LR+ =4,1, LR- =0,4); for ALsyst criterion, SP — 71%, SN — 92% (LR+ =3,1, LR- =0,1). Relative to the Grothoff's MRI-criterion, which determined the LVNC mass index, for the Chin's criterion, SN was 59%, SP — 70% (LR+ =2,0, LR- =0,6); for the Jenni's criterion, SN — 67%, SP — 60% (LR+ =1,7, LR- =0,6); for the Stollberger's criterion SN — 78%, SP — 30% (LR+ =1,1, LR- =0,7); for the PLdiast criterion, SN — 33%, SP — 60% (LR+ =0,7, LR- =1,3); for PLsist criterion, SN — 59%, SP — 60% (LR+ =1,5, LR- =0,7); for ALdiast criterion, SN — 41%, SP — 80% (LR+ =2,0, LR- =0,7); for ALsist criterion, SN — 67%, SP — 90% (LR+ =6,7, LR- =0,4). Using ROC analysis with NC/C ratio of 2,3 for the ALsyst criterion, SN was 62%, SP — 92%; with NC/C ratio of 2,2 for PLsyst criteria in a posterolateral view in systole, SN — 62%, SP — 83%; with NC/C ratio of 2,1 for ALdiast criterion in an anterolateral view in diastole, SN — 54%, SP — 88%; with NC/C ratio of 2,1 for PLdiast criterion in a posterolateral view in diastole, SN — 46%, SP — 96%.Conclusion. Standard echocardiographic criteria are characterized by moderate sensitivity and low specificity. To improve the diagnostic accuracy of LVNC, the combined use of modified echocardiographic criteria is possible. As a screening of LVNC, using NC/C of 2,2 for the PLsist and NC/C of 2,3 for the PLsist to improve the specificity of the study should be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. N. Koretsky
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - E. A. Mershina
- Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - R. P. Myasnikov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - O. V. Kulikova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | | | - A. N. Meshkov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - V. E. Sinitsyn
- Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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30
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Martinez HR, Beasley GS, Miller N, Goldberg JF, Jefferies JL. Clinical Insights Into Heritable Cardiomyopathies. Front Genet 2021; 12:663450. [PMID: 33995492 PMCID: PMC8113776 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.663450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies (CMs) encompass a heterogeneous group of structural and functional abnormalities of the myocardium. The phenotypic characteristics of these myocardial diseases range from silent to symptomatic heart failure, to sudden cardiac death due to malignant tachycardias. These diseases represent a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity, cardiac transplantation, and death. Since the discovery of the first locus associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 30 years ago, multiple loci and molecular mechanisms have been associated with these cardiomyopathy phenotypes. Conversely, the disparity between the ever-growing landscape of cardiovascular genetics and the lack of awareness in this field noticeably demonstrates the necessity to update training curricula and educational pathways. This review summarizes the current understanding of heritable CMs, including the most common pathogenic gene variants associated with the morpho-functional types of cardiomyopathies: dilated, hypertrophic, arrhythmogenic, non-compaction, and restrictive. Increased understanding of the genetic/phenotypic associations of these heritable diseases would facilitate risk stratification to leveraging appropriate surveillance and management, and it would additionally provide identification of family members at risk of avoidable cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo R. Martinez
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Gary S. Beasley
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Noah Miller
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jason F. Goldberg
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - John L. Jefferies
- The Cardiovascular Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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A Heterozygous Mutation in Cardiac Troponin T Promotes Ca 2+ Dysregulation and Adult Cardiomyopathy in Zebrafish. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8040046. [PMID: 33924051 PMCID: PMC8072640 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are a group of heterogeneous diseases that affect the muscles of the heart, leading to early morbidity and mortality in young and adults. Genetic forms of cardiomyopathy are caused predominantly by mutations in structural components of the cardiomyocyte sarcomeres, the contractile units of the heart, which includes cardiac Troponin T (TnT). Here, we generated mutations with CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the zebrafish tnnt2a gene, encoding cardiac TnT, at a mutational “hotspot” site to establish a zebrafish model for genetic cardiomyopathies. We found that a heterozygous tnnt2a mutation deleting Arginine at position 94 and Lysine at position 95 of TnT causes progressive cardiac structural changes resulting in heart failure. The cardiac remodeling is presented by an enlarged atrium, decreased ventricle size, increased myocardial stress as well as increased fibrosis. As early as five days post fertilization, larvae carrying the TnT RK94del mutation display diastolic dysfunction and impaired calcium dynamics related to increased Ca2+ sensitivity. In conclusion, adult zebrafish with a heterozygous TnT-RK94del mutation develop cardiomyopathy as seen in patients with TnT mutations and therefore represent a promising model to study disease mechanisms and to screen for putative therapeutic compounds.
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Vejandla RM, Orgil BO, Alberson NR, Li N, Munkhsaikhan U, Khuchua Z, Martherus R, Azeloglu EU, Xu F, Lu L, Towbin JA, Purevjav E. Deficiency in nebulin repeats of sarcomeric nebulette is detrimental for cardiomyocyte tolerance to exercise and biomechanical stress. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2130-H2146. [PMID: 33861145 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00732.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The actin-binding sarcomeric nebulette (NEBL) protein provides efficient contractile flexibility via interaction with desmin intermediate filaments. NEBL gene mutations affecting the nebulin repeat (NR) domain are known to induce cardiomyopathy. The study aimed to explore the roles of NEBL in exercise and biomechanical stress response. We ablated exon3 encoding the first NR of Nebl and created global Neblex3-/ex3- knockout mice. Cardiac function, structure, and transcriptome were assessed before and after a 4-wk treadmill regimen. A Nebl-based exercise signaling network was constructed using systems genetics methods. H9C2 and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) expressing wild-type or mutant NEBL underwent cyclic mechanical strain. Neblex3-/ex3- mice demonstrated diastolic dysfunction with preserved systolic function at 6 mo of age. After treadmill running, 4-mo-old Neblex3-/ex3- mice developed concentric cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular dilation compared with running Nebl+/+ and sedentary Neblex3-/ex3- mice. Disturbance of sarcomeric Z-disks and thin filaments architecture and disruption of intercalated disks and mitochondria were found in exercised Neblex3-/ex3- mice. A Nebl-based exercise signaling network included Csrp3, Des, Fbox32, Jup, Myh6, and Myh7. Disturbed expression of TM1, DES, JUP, β-catenin, MLP, α-actinin2, and vinculin proteins was demonstrated. In H9C2 cells, NEBL was recruited into focal adhesions at 24-h poststrain and redistributed along with F-actin at 72-h poststrain, suggesting time-dependent redistribution of NEBL in response to strain. NEBL mutations cause desmin disorganization in NRCs upon stretch. We conclude that Nebl's NR ablation causes disturbed sarcomere, Z-disks, and desmin organization, and prevents NEBL redistribution to focal adhesions in cardiomyocytes, weakening cardiac tolerance to biomechanical stress.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that ablation of first nebulin-repeats of sarcomeric nebulette (Nebl) causes diastolic dysfunction in Neblex3-/ex3- mice. Exercise-induced development of diastolic dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular dilation in knockouts. This was associated with sarcomere disturbance, intercalated disks disruption, and mitochondrial distortion upon stress and altered expression of genes involved in Nebl-based stress network. We demonstrate that G202R and A592 mutations alter actin and desmin expression causing disorganization of desmin filaments upon cyclic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona M Vejandla
- The Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Buyan-Ochir Orgil
- The Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Neely R Alberson
- The Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ning Li
- The Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Undral Munkhsaikhan
- The Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Zaza Khuchua
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ruben Martherus
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Evren U Azeloglu
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Fuyi Xu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey A Towbin
- The Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Pediatric Cardiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
- The Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Zurbrigg K, Bertolini F, Walugembe M, van Dreumel T, Alves D, Friendship R, O'Sullivan TL, Rothschild MF. A genome-wide analysis of cardiac lesions of pigs that die during transport: Is heart failure of in-transit-loss pigs associated with a heritable cardiomyopathy? CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2021; 85:119-126. [PMID: 33883819 PMCID: PMC7995549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While heart failure is a primary cause of death for many in-transit-loss (ITL) pigs, the underlying cause of these deaths is not known. Cardiomyopathies are considered a common cause of heart failure in humans and often have a genetic component. The objective of this study was to determine if genes associated with cardiomyopathies could be identified in ITL pigs. Samples from the hearts of pigs that died during transport to an abattoir in Ontario, Canada were collected and genotyped along with samples from pigs that did not die during transport (ILT hearts: n = 149; non-ITL/control hearts: n = 387). Genome-wide analyses were carried out on each of the determined phenotypes (gross cardiac lesions) using a medium density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip and 500 kb windows/regions for analysis, with 250 kb regions of overlap. The distribution derived by a multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis of all phenotypes demonstrated a lack of complete separation between phenotypes of affected and unaffected animals, which made diagnosis difficult. Although genetic differences were small, a few genes associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVM) were identified. In addition, multiple genes associated with cardiac arrhythmias and ventricular hypertrophy were identified that can possibly result in heart failure. The results of this preliminary study did not provide convincing evidence that a single, heritable cardiomyopathy is the cause of heart failure in ITL pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Zurbrigg
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Zurbrigg, Friendship, O'Sullivan); Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Bertolini, Walugembe, Rothschild); National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (Bertolini); Veterinary Pathology Consultant, Ontario (van Dreumel), Veterinary Epidemiology Consultant, Elora, Ontario (Alves)
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Zurbrigg, Friendship, O'Sullivan); Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Bertolini, Walugembe, Rothschild); National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (Bertolini); Veterinary Pathology Consultant, Ontario (van Dreumel), Veterinary Epidemiology Consultant, Elora, Ontario (Alves)
| | - Muhammed Walugembe
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Zurbrigg, Friendship, O'Sullivan); Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Bertolini, Walugembe, Rothschild); National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (Bertolini); Veterinary Pathology Consultant, Ontario (van Dreumel), Veterinary Epidemiology Consultant, Elora, Ontario (Alves)
| | - Toni van Dreumel
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Zurbrigg, Friendship, O'Sullivan); Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Bertolini, Walugembe, Rothschild); National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (Bertolini); Veterinary Pathology Consultant, Ontario (van Dreumel), Veterinary Epidemiology Consultant, Elora, Ontario (Alves)
| | - David Alves
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Zurbrigg, Friendship, O'Sullivan); Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Bertolini, Walugembe, Rothschild); National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (Bertolini); Veterinary Pathology Consultant, Ontario (van Dreumel), Veterinary Epidemiology Consultant, Elora, Ontario (Alves)
| | - Robert Friendship
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Zurbrigg, Friendship, O'Sullivan); Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Bertolini, Walugembe, Rothschild); National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (Bertolini); Veterinary Pathology Consultant, Ontario (van Dreumel), Veterinary Epidemiology Consultant, Elora, Ontario (Alves)
| | - Terri L O'Sullivan
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Zurbrigg, Friendship, O'Sullivan); Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Bertolini, Walugembe, Rothschild); National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (Bertolini); Veterinary Pathology Consultant, Ontario (van Dreumel), Veterinary Epidemiology Consultant, Elora, Ontario (Alves)
| | - Max F Rothschild
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Zurbrigg, Friendship, O'Sullivan); Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Bertolini, Walugembe, Rothschild); National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (Bertolini); Veterinary Pathology Consultant, Ontario (van Dreumel), Veterinary Epidemiology Consultant, Elora, Ontario (Alves)
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34
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Stege NM, de Boer RA, van den Berg MP, Silljé HHW. The Time Has Come to Explore Plasma Biomarkers in Genetic Cardiomyopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2955. [PMID: 33799487 PMCID: PMC7998409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), screening for pathogenic variants has become standard clinical practice. Genetic cascade screening also allows the identification of relatives that carry the same mutation as the proband, but disease onset and severity in mutation carriers often remains uncertain. Early detection of disease onset may allow timely treatment before irreversible changes are present. Although plasma biomarkers may aid in the prediction of disease onset, monitoring relies predominantly on identifying early clinical symptoms, on imaging techniques like echocardiography (Echo) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), and on (ambulatory) electrocardiography (electrocardiograms (ECGs)). In contrast to most other cardiac diseases, which are explained by a combination of risk factors and comorbidities, genetic cardiomyopathies have a clear primary genetically defined cardiac background. Cardiomyopathy cohorts could therefore have excellent value in biomarker studies and in distinguishing biomarkers related to the primary cardiac disease from those related to extracardiac, secondary organ dysfunction. Despite this advantage, biomarker investigations in cardiomyopathies are still limited, most likely due to the limited number of carriers in the past. Here, we discuss not only the potential use of established plasma biomarkers, including natriuretic peptides and troponins, but also the use of novel biomarkers, such as cardiac autoantibodies in genetic cardiomyopathy, and discuss how we can gauge biomarker studies in cardiomyopathy cohorts for heart failure at large.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Herman H. W. Silljé
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, AB43, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (N.M.S.); (R.A.d.B.); (M.P.v.d.B.)
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35
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Schänzer A, Schumann E, Zengeler D, Gulatz L, Maroli G, Ahting U, Sprengel A, Gräf S, Hahn A, Jux C, Acker T, Fürst DO, Rupp S, Schuld J, van der Ven PFM. The p.Ala2430Val mutation in filamin C causes a "hypertrophic myofibrillar cardiomyopathy". J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2021; 42:381-397. [PMID: 33710525 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-021-09601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) often leads to heart failure. Mutations in sarcomeric proteins are most frequently the cause of HCM but in many patients the gene defect is not known. Here we report on a young man who was diagnosed with HCM shortly after birth. Whole exome sequencing revealed a mutation in the FLNC gene (c.7289C > T; p.Ala2430Val) that was previously shown to cause aggregation of the mutant protein in transfected cells. Myocardial tissue from patients with this mutation has not been analyzed before and thus, the underlying etiology is not well understood. Myocardial tissue of our patient obtained during myectomy at the age of 23 years was analyzed in detail by histochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, electron microscopy and western blot analysis. Cardiac histology showed a pathology typical for myofibrillar myopathy with myofibril disarray and abnormal protein aggregates containing BAG3, desmin, HSPB5 and filamin C. Analysis of sarcomeric and intercalated disc proteins showed focally reduced expression of the gap junction protein connexin43 and Xin-positive sarcomeric lesions in the cardiomyocytes of our patient. In addition, autophagy pathways were altered with upregulation of LC3-II, WIPI1 and HSPB5, 6, 7 and 8. We conclude that the p.Ala2430Val mutation in FLNC most probably is associated with HCM characterized by abnormal intercalated discs, disarray of myofibrils and aggregates containing Z-disc proteins similar to myofibrillar myopathy, which supports the pathological effect of the mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Arndstr.16, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Schumann
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Arndstr.16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Diana Zengeler
- Center for Genomics and Transcriptomics (CeGat) GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisann Gulatz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Arndstr.16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Giovanni Maroli
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Uwe Ahting
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Anke Sprengel
- Pediatric Heart Center, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Gräf
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Arndstr.16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Child Neurology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Jux
- Pediatric Heart Center, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Till Acker
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Arndstr.16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Rupp
- Pediatric Heart Center, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia Schuld
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter F M van der Ven
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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36
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Hirayama-Yamada K, Inagaki N, Hayashi T, Kimura A. A Novel Titin Truncation Variant Linked to Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy Found in a Japanese Family and Its Functional Analysis in Genome-Edited Model Cells. Int Heart J 2021; 62:359-366. [PMID: 33678800 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cause of heart failure. TTN, which encodes titin protein, is a representative causative gene of DCM, and is presented mainly as a truncation variant. However, TTN truncation variants are also found in healthy individuals, and it is therefore important to evaluate the pathogenicity of each variant. In this study, we analyzed 67 cardiomyopathy-associated genes in a male Japanese patient who was hospitalized for recurrent severe heart failure and identified a novel truncation variant, TTN Ser17456Arg fs*14. This TTN truncation variant was located in the A-band region. Moreover, the patient's mother with heart failure harbored the same variant, whereas the father and brother without heart failure did not harbor the variant. To examine the functional changes associated with the truncation variant, H9c2 cells were subjected to genome editing to generate cells with a homologous truncation variant. The cells were differentiated using all-trans-retinoic acid, and the mRNA expression of skeletal actin and cardiac actin were found to be increased and decreased, respectively, consistent with known changes in patients with DCM or heart failure. In contrast, another cell with the titin truncation variant used as a control showed no changes in heart failure-related genes. In summary, we found a novel TTN truncation variant in familial DCM patients and confirmed its functional changes using a relatively simple cell model. The novel truncation variant was identified as a pathogenic and disease-causing mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Hirayama-Yamada
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Natsuko Inagaki
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University.,Department of Clinical Genetics Center, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Takeharu Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU).,Laboratory for Integrated Research Projects on Intractable Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU).,Department of Physiology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Akinori Kimura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU).,Laboratory for Integrated Research Projects on Intractable Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU).,Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
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37
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Kumar VK, Lackey A, Snyder J, Karhadkar S, Rao AD, DiCarlo A, Sato PY. Mitochondrial Membrane Intracellular Communication in Healthy and Diseased Myocardium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:609241. [PMID: 33425917 PMCID: PMC7786191 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.609241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research efforts in the twenty-first century have been paramount to the discovery and development of novel pharmacological treatments in a variety of diseases resulting in improved life expectancy. Yet, cardiac disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over time, there has been an expansion in conditions such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). Although past research has elucidated specific pathways that participate in the development of distinct cardiac pathologies, the exact mechanisms of action leading to disease remain to be fully characterized. Protein turnover and cellular bioenergetics are integral components of cardiac diseases, highlighting the importance of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in driving cellular homeostasis. More specifically, the interactions between mitochondria and ER are crucial to calcium signaling, apoptosis induction, autophagy, and lipid biosynthesis. Here, we summarize mitochondrial and ER functions and physical interactions in healthy physiological states. We then transition to perturbations that occur in response to pathophysiological challenges and how this alters mitochondrial–ER and other intracellular organelle interactions. Finally, we discuss lifestyle interventions and innovative therapeutic targets that may be used to restore beneficial mitochondrial and ER interactions, thereby improving cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu K Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Atreju Lackey
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan Snyder
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sunil Karhadkar
- Department of Surgery, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ajay D Rao
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Antonio DiCarlo
- Department of Surgery, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Priscila Y Sato
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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38
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Distinct Myocardial Transcriptomic Profiles of Cardiomyopathies Stratified by the Mutant Genes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121430. [PMID: 33260757 PMCID: PMC7768427 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain not well understood. Cardiomyopathies are primary diseases of the heart muscle and contribute to high rates of heart failure and sudden cardiac deaths. Here, we distinguished four different genetic cardiomyopathies based on gene expression signatures. In this study, RNA-Sequencing was used to identify gene expression signatures in myocardial tissue of cardiomyopathy patients in comparison to non-failing human hearts. Therefore, expression differences between patients with specific affected genes, namely LMNA (lamin A/C), RBM20 (RNA binding motif protein 20), TTN (titin) and PKP2 (plakophilin 2) were investigated. We identified genotype-specific differences in regulated pathways, Gene Ontology (GO) terms as well as gene groups like secreted or regulatory proteins and potential candidate drug targets revealing specific molecular pathomechanisms for the four subtypes of genetic cardiomyopathies. Some regulated pathways are common between patients with mutations in RBM20 and TTN as the splice factor RBM20 targets amongst other genes TTN, leading to a similar response on pathway level, even though many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) still differ between both sample types. The myocardium of patients with mutations in LMNA is widely associated with upregulated genes/pathways involved in immune response, whereas mutations in PKP2 lead to a downregulation of genes of the extracellular matrix. Our results contribute to further understanding of the underlying molecular pathomechanisms aiming for novel and better treatment of genetic cardiomyopathies.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiomyopathies are rare in the pediatric population, but significantly impact on morbidity and mortality. The present review aims to provide an overview of cardiomyopathies in children and some practical guidelines for their prognostic stratification and management. RECENT FINDINGS Pediatric cardiomyopathies may present as isolated cardiac muscle disease or in the context of complex clinical syndromes. The etiologic characterization represents an important step in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiomyopathies because of its impact on prognosis and on therapeutic measures. Indeed, replacement therapy is nowadays widely available and changes the natural history of the disease. More complex is the management of isolated cardiomyopathies, which lack specific therapies, mainly aimed at symptomatic relief. In this context, heart transplantation shows excellent outcomes in children, but wait-list mortality is still very high. Device therapy for sudden cardiac death prevention and the use of mechanical assist devices are becoming more common in the clinical practice and may help to reduce mortality. SUMMARY Providing insight into pediatric cardiomyopathies classification helps in the prognostication and management of such diseases. Recent years witnessed a significant improvement in mortality, but future research is still needed to improve quality of life and life expectations in the pediatric population.
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40
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Lu PN, Moreland T, Christian CJ, Lund TC, Steet RA, Flanagan-Steet H. Inappropriate cathepsin K secretion promotes its enzymatic activation driving heart and valve malformation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133019. [PMID: 33055423 PMCID: PMC7605527 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although congenital heart defects (CHDs) represent the most common birth defect, a comprehensive understanding of disease etiology remains unknown. This is further complicated since CHDs can occur in isolation or as a feature of another disorder. Analyzing disorders with associated CHDs provides a powerful platform to identify primary pathogenic mechanisms driving disease. Aberrant localization and expression of cathepsin proteases can perpetuate later-stage heart diseases, but their contribution toward CHDs is unclear. To investigate the contribution of cathepsins during cardiovascular development and congenital disease, we analyzed the pathogenesis of cardiac defects in zebrafish models of the lysosomal storage disorder mucolipidosis II (MLII). MLII is caused by mutations in the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase enzyme (Gnptab) that disrupt carbohydrate-dependent sorting of lysosomal enzymes. Without Gnptab, lysosomal hydrolases, including cathepsin proteases, are inappropriately secreted. Analyses of heart development in gnptab-deficient zebrafish show cathepsin K secretion increases its activity, disrupts TGF-β–related signaling, and alters myocardial and valvular formation. Importantly, cathepsin K inhibition restored normal heart and valve development in MLII embryos. Collectively, these data identify mislocalized cathepsin K as an initiator of cardiac disease in this lysosomal disorder and establish cathepsin inhibition as a viable therapeutic strategy. Mislocalized cathepsin K promotes cardiac disease in a zebrafish model of the lysosomal disorder mucolipidosis II and can be targeted by cathespin inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Nien Lu
- Greenwood Genetic Center, J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Trevor Moreland
- Greenwood Genetic Center, J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Courtney J Christian
- Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University Laney Graduate School, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Troy C Lund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard A Steet
- Greenwood Genetic Center, J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
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41
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Ovics P, Regev D, Baskin P, Davidor M, Shemer Y, Neeman S, Ben-Haim Y, Binah O. Drug Development and the Use of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Disease Modeling and Drug Toxicity Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7320. [PMID: 33023024 PMCID: PMC7582587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
: Over the years, numerous groups have employed human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) as a superb human-compatible model for investigating the function and dysfunction of cardiomyocytes, drug screening and toxicity, disease modeling and for the development of novel drugs for heart diseases. In this review, we discuss the broad use of iPSC-CMs for drug development and disease modeling, in two related themes. In the first theme-drug development, adverse drug reactions, mechanisms of cardiotoxicity and the need for efficient drug screening protocols-we discuss the critical need to screen old and new drugs, the process of drug development, marketing and Adverse Drug reactions (ADRs), drug-induced cardiotoxicity, safety screening during drug development, drug development and patient-specific effect and different mechanisms of ADRs. In the second theme-using iPSC-CMs for disease modeling and developing novel drugs for heart diseases-we discuss the rationale for using iPSC-CMs and modeling acquired and inherited heart diseases with iPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Ovics
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Danielle Regev
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Polina Baskin
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Mor Davidor
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Yuval Shemer
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Shunit Neeman
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Yael Ben-Haim
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK;
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St. George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Ofer Binah
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
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Kolokotronis K, Pluta N, Klopocki E, Kunstmann E, Messroghli D, Maack C, Tejman-Yarden S, Arad M, Rost S, Gerull B. New Insights on Genetic Diagnostics in Cardiomyopathy and Arrhythmia Patients Gained by Stepwise Exome Data Analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072168. [PMID: 32659924 PMCID: PMC7408654 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are characterized by clinical and genetic heterogeneity that challenge genetic diagnostics. In this study, we examined the diagnostic benefit of exome data compared to targeted gene panel analyses, and we propose new candidate genes. We performed exome sequencing in a cohort of 61 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy or primary arrhythmia, and we analyzed the data following a stepwise approach. Overall, in 64% of patients, a variant of interest (VOI) was detected. The detection rate in the main sub-cohort consisting of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was much higher than previously reported (25/36; 69%). The majority of VOIs were found in disease-specific panels, while a further analysis of an extended panel and exome data led to an additional diagnostic yield of 13% and 5%, respectively. Exome data analysis also detected variants in candidate genes whose functional profile suggested a probable pathogenetic role, the strongest candidate being a truncating variant in STK38. In conclusion, although the diagnostic yield of gene panels is acceptable for routine diagnostics, the genetic heterogeneity of cardiomyopathies and the presence of still-unknown causes favor exome sequencing, which enables the detection of interesting phenotype–genotype correlations, as well as the identification of novel candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kolokotronis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (K.K.); (N.P.); (E.K.); (E.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Natalie Pluta
- Institute of Human Genetics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (K.K.); (N.P.); (E.K.); (E.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Eva Klopocki
- Institute of Human Genetics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (K.K.); (N.P.); (E.K.); (E.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Erdmute Kunstmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (K.K.); (N.P.); (E.K.); (E.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Daniel Messroghli
- German Heart Center Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiology, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Shai Tejman-Yarden
- The Safra International Congenital Heart Center. Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan 5365601, Israel;
| | - Michael Arad
- Heart Failure Institute and Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan 5365601, Israel;
| | - Simone Rost
- Institute of Human Genetics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (K.K.); (N.P.); (E.K.); (E.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Brenda Gerull
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC) and Department of Medicine I, University Clinic Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-201-46457; Fax: +49-931-201-646457
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43
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Bi-allelic missense disease-causing variants in RPL3L associate neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy with muscle-specific ribosome biogenesis. Hum Genet 2020; 139:1443-1454. [PMID: 32514796 PMCID: PMC7519902 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) belongs to the most frequent forms of cardiomyopathy mainly characterized by cardiac dilatation and reduced systolic function. Although most cases of DCM are classified as sporadic, 20–30% of cases show a heritable pattern. Familial forms of DCM are genetically heterogeneous, and mutations in several genes have been identified that most commonly play a role in cytoskeleton and sarcomere-associated processes. Still, a large number of familial cases remain unsolved. Here, we report five individuals from three independent families who presented with severe dilated cardiomyopathy during the neonatal period. Using whole-exome sequencing (WES), we identified causative, compound heterozygous missense variants in RPL3L (ribosomal protein L3-like) in all the affected individuals. The identified variants co-segregated with the disease in each of the three families and were absent or very rare in the human population, in line with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. They are located within the conserved RPL3 domain of the protein and were classified as deleterious by several in silico prediction software applications. RPL3L is one of the four non-canonical riboprotein genes and it encodes the 60S ribosomal protein L3-like protein that is highly expressed only in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Three-dimensional homology modeling and in silico analysis of the affected residues in RPL3L indicate that the identified changes specifically alter the interaction of RPL3L with the RNA components of the 60S ribosomal subunit and thus destabilize its binding to the 60S subunit. In conclusion, we report that bi-allelic pathogenic variants in RPL3L are causative of an early-onset, severe neonatal form of dilated cardiomyopathy, and we show for the first time that cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of non-syndromic cardiomyopathies.
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Multimodality Imaging for Risk Assessment of Inherited Cardiomyopathies. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-020-0639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Shaboodien G, Spracklen TF, Kamuli S, Ndibangwi P, Van Niekerk C, Ntusi NAB. Genetics of inherited cardiomyopathies in Africa. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:262-278. [PMID: 32420109 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2019.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is rising disproportionately in comparison to the rest of the world, affecting urban, semi-urban and rural dwellers alike. NCDs are predicted to surpass infections like human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis and malaria as the leading cause of mortality in SSA over the next decade. Heart failure (HF) is the dominant form of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and a leading cause of NCD in SSA. The main causes of HF in SSA are hypertension, cardiomyopathies, rheumatic heart disease, pericardial disease, and to a lesser extent, coronary heart disease. Of these, the cardiomyopathies deserve greater attention because of the relatively poor understanding of mechanisms of disease, poor outcomes and the disproportionate impact they have on young, economically active individuals. Morphofunctionally, cardiomyopathies are classified as dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive and arrhythmogenic; regardless of classification, at least half of these are inherited forms of CVD. In this review, we summarise all studies that have investigated the incidence of cardiomyopathy across Africa, with a focus on the inherited cardiomyopathies. We also review data on the molecular genetic underpinnings of cardiomyopathy in Africa, where there is a striking lack of studies reporting on the genetics of cardiomyopathy. We highlight the impact that genetic testing, through candidate gene screening, association studies and next generation sequencing technologies such as whole exome sequencing and targeted resequencing has had on the understanding of cardiomyopathy in Africa. Finally, we emphasise the need for future studies to fill large gaps in our knowledge in relation to the genetics of inherited cardiomyopathies in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gasnat Shaboodien
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Timothy F Spracklen
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephen Kamuli
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Polycarp Ndibangwi
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carla Van Niekerk
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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46
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Camors EM, Purevjav E, Jefferies JL, Saffitz JE, Gong N, Ryan TD, Lucky AW, Taylor MD, Sullivan LM, Mestroni L, Towbin JA. Early Lethality Due to a Novel Desmoplakin Variant Causing Infantile Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex With Fragile Skin, Aplasia Cutis Congenita, and Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 13:e002800. [PMID: 32164419 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.119.002800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel M Camors
- Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute (E.M.C., E.P., J.L.J., N.G., T.D.R., M.D.T., J.A.T.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH.,The Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and the Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Research Center, Memphis, TN (E.M.C., E.P., J.A.T.)
| | - Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
- Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute (E.M.C., E.P., J.L.J., N.G., T.D.R., M.D.T., J.A.T.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH.,The Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and the Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Research Center, Memphis, TN (E.M.C., E.P., J.A.T.)
| | - John L Jefferies
- Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute (E.M.C., E.P., J.L.J., N.G., T.D.R., M.D.T., J.A.T.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Jeffrey E Saffitz
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.E.S.)
| | - Nan Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute (E.M.C., E.P., J.L.J., N.G., T.D.R., M.D.T., J.A.T.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Thomas D Ryan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute (E.M.C., E.P., J.L.J., N.G., T.D.R., M.D.T., J.A.T.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Anne W Lucky
- The Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics (A.W.L.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute (E.M.C., E.P., J.L.J., N.G., T.D.R., M.D.T., J.A.T.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Lisa M Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (L.M.S.)
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- The Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics Program, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (L.M.)
| | - Jeffrey A Towbin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute (E.M.C., E.P., J.L.J., N.G., T.D.R., M.D.T., J.A.T.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH.,The Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and the Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Research Center, Memphis, TN (E.M.C., E.P., J.A.T.)
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47
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Chowdhury SAK, Warren CM, Simon JN, Ryba DM, Batra A, Varga P, Kranias EG, Tardiff JC, Solaro RJ, Wolska BM. Modifications of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Function Prevent Progression of Sarcomere-Linked Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Despite a Persistent Increase in Myofilament Calcium Response. Front Physiol 2020; 11:107. [PMID: 32210830 PMCID: PMC7075858 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in different genes mainly encoding myofilament proteins and therefore called a “disease of the sarcomere.” Despite the discovery of sarcomere protein mutations linked to HCM almost 30 years ago, the cellular mechanisms responsible for the development of this disease are not completely understood and likely vary among different mutations. Moreover, despite many efforts to develop effective treatments for HCM, these have largely been unsuccessful, and more studies are needed to better understand the cellular mechanisms of the disease. In experiments reported here, we investigated a mouse model expressing the mutant cTnT-R92Q, which is linked to HCM and induces an increase in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and diastolic dysfunction. We found that early correction of the diastolic dysfunction by phospholamban knockout (PLNKO) was able to prevent the development of the HCM phenotype in troponin T (TnT)-R92Q transgenic (TG) mice. Four groups of mice in FVB/N background were generated and used for the experiments: (1) non-transgenic (NTG)/PLN mice, which express wild-type TnT and normal level of PLN; (2) NTG/PLNKO mice, which express wild-type TnT and no PLN; (3) TG/PLN mice, which express TnT-R92Q and normal level of PLN; (4) TG/PLNKO mice, which express TnT-R92Q and no PLN. Cardiac function was determined using both standard echocardiographic parameters and speckle tracking strain measurements. We found that both atrial morphology and diastolic function were altered in TG/PLN mice but normal in TG/PLNKO mice. Histological analysis showed a disarray of myocytes and increased collagen deposition only in TG/PLN hearts. We also observed increased Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation only in TG/PLN hearts but not in TG/PLNKO hearts. The rescue of the HCM phenotype was not associated with differences in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity between TG/PLN and TG/PLNKO mice. Moreover, compared to standard systolic echo parameters, such as ejection fraction (EF), speckle strain measurements provided a more sensitive approach to detect early systolic dysfunction in TG/PLN mice. In summary, our results indicate that targeting diastolic dysfunction through altering Ca2+ fluxes with no change in myofilament response to Ca2+ was able to prevent the development of the HCM phenotype and should be considered as a potential additional treatment for HCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim A K Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chad M Warren
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jillian N Simon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David M Ryba
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ashley Batra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Peter Varga
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jil C Tardiff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - R John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Beata M Wolska
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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48
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Law ML, Cohen H, Martin AA, Angulski ABB, Metzger JM. Dysregulation of Calcium Handling in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy-Associated Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutic Strategies. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020520. [PMID: 32075145 PMCID: PMC7074327 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disease resulting in the loss of dystrophin, a key cytoskeletal protein in the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. Dystrophin connects the extracellular matrix with the cytoskeleton and stabilizes the sarcolemma. Cardiomyopathy is prominent in adolescents and young adults with DMD, manifesting as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in the later stages of disease. Sarcolemmal instability, leading to calcium mishandling and overload in the cardiac myocyte, is a key mechanistic contributor to muscle cell death, fibrosis, and diminished cardiac contractile function in DMD patients. Current therapies for DMD cardiomyopathy can slow disease progression, but they do not directly target aberrant calcium handling and calcium overload. Experimental therapeutic targets that address calcium mishandling and overload include membrane stabilization, inhibition of stretch-activated channels, ryanodine receptor stabilization, and augmentation of calcium cycling via modulation of the Serca2a/phospholamban (PLN) complex or cytosolic calcium buffering. This paper addresses what is known about the mechanistic basis of calcium mishandling in DCM, with a focus on DMD cardiomyopathy. Additionally, we discuss currently utilized therapies for DMD cardiomyopathy, and review experimental therapeutic strategies targeting the calcium handling defects in DCM and DMD cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Law
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA;
| | - Houda Cohen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (H.C.); (A.A.M.); (A.B.B.A.)
| | - Ashley A. Martin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (H.C.); (A.A.M.); (A.B.B.A.)
| | - Addeli Bez Batti Angulski
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (H.C.); (A.A.M.); (A.B.B.A.)
| | - Joseph M. Metzger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (H.C.); (A.A.M.); (A.B.B.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-612-625-5902; Fax: +1-612-625-5149
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49
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Nguyen Q, Lim KRQ, Yokota T. Genome Editing for the Understanding and Treatment of Inherited Cardiomyopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E733. [PMID: 31979133 PMCID: PMC7036815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are diseases of heart muscle, a significant percentage of which are genetic in origin. Cardiomyopathies can be classified as dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, arrhythmogenic right ventricular or left ventricular non-compaction, although mixed morphologies are possible. A subset of neuromuscular disorders, notably Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies, are also characterized by cardiomyopathy aside from skeletal myopathy. The global burden of cardiomyopathies is certainly high, necessitating further research and novel therapies. Genome editing tools, which include zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems have emerged as increasingly important technologies in studying this group of cardiovascular disorders. In this review, we discuss the applications of genome editing in the understanding and treatment of cardiomyopathy. We also describe recent advances in genome editing that may help improve these applications, and some future prospects for genome editing in cardiomyopathy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada; (Q.N.); (K.R.Q.L.)
| | - Kenji Rowel Q. Lim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada; (Q.N.); (K.R.Q.L.)
| | - Toshifumi Yokota
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada; (Q.N.); (K.R.Q.L.)
- The Friends of Garrett Cumming Research & Muscular Dystrophy Canada, HM Toupin Neurological Science Research Chair, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada
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50
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Li J, Zhang D, Brundel BJJM, Wiersma M. Imbalance of ER and Mitochondria Interactions: Prelude to Cardiac Ageing and Disease? Cells 2019; 8:cells8121617. [PMID: 31842269 PMCID: PMC6952992 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac disease is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite some exciting and innovative improvements in clinical management. In particular, atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure show a steep increase in incidence and healthcare costs due to the ageing population. Although research revealed novel insights in pathways driving cardiac disease, the exact underlying mechanisms have not been uncovered so far. Emerging evidence indicates that derailed proteostasis (i.e., the homeostasis of protein expression, function and clearance) is a central component driving cardiac disease. Within proteostasis derailment, key roles for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial stress have been uncovered. Here, we describe the concept of ER and mitochondrial stress and the role of interactions between the ER and mitochondria, discuss how imbalance in the interactions fuels cardiac ageing and cardiac disease (including AF), and finally assess the potential of drugs directed at conserving the interaction as an innovative therapeutic target to improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.W.)
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