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Imam RA, Hassan FE, Ali IH, Alghamdi MA, Aboulhoda BE. Effect of Selenium nanoparticles on Paraquat-induced-neuroinflammation and oligodendocyte modulation: Implication of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102454. [PMID: 38905876 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraquat (PQ), is an extensively used herbicide and is a well-established powerful neurotoxin. However, the mechanism underlying its neurotoxicity still needs further investigation. AIM OF WORK The study investigated the pathogenesis of PQ-induced neuroinflammation of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPC) and cerebellum and evaluated the potential effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeN) against such neurotoxicity. METHODS Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into three groups; Control group, PQ group: mice received PQ 10 mg/kg (i.p), and PQ + SeN group; mice received PQ in addition to oral SeN 0.1 mg/kg. All regimens were administered for 14 days. The mice's brains were processed for biochemical, molecular, histological, and immune-histochemical assessment. RESULTS SeN increased the SNPC and cerebellum antioxidants (reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase 1) while decreasing malondialdehyde concentration. Also, SeN increased the anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 and decreased the pro-inflammatory IL-1β and -6 along with improving the angiogenic nitric oxide and reducing caspase-1. Further, western blots of phosphorylated Janus kinase (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (STAT3) proteins showed a significant decline. Those improving effects of SeN on SNPC, and cerebellum were supported by the significantly preserved dopaminergic and Purkinje neurons, the enhanced myelin fibers on Luxol fast blue staining, and the marked increase in Olig-2, Platelet-derived growth factor-alpha, and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. CONCLUSION SeN could mitigate PQ-induced neurotoxicity via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda Abdelnasser Imam
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma E Hassan
- Medical Physiology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; General Medicine Practice Program, Department of Physiology, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isra H Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, P.O. Box 32897, Sadat City, Egypt; Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, P.O. Box 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mansour A Alghamdi
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, The Center for Medical and Health Research, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Reihani A, Marboutian F, Aghebat–bekheir S, Reyhani A, Akhgari M. Diagnostic Aspects of Paraquat in the Forensic Toxicology: A Systematic Review. Acad Forensic Pathol 2024; 14:51-61. [PMID: 38778898 PMCID: PMC11107435 DOI: 10.1177/19253621231214008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Paraquat (N, N-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridinium dichloride) is a nonselective, fast-acting, and contact chemical herbicide used extensively for weed control. It has high acute oral toxicity, the ability to accumulate in the lungs, and a high potential for pulmonary fibrosis after its intoxication. The present systematic review focuses on evaluating diagnostic aspects of paraquat (PQ) in forensic toxicology. Methods Evaluation of the literature according to the following criteria: only human studies published from February 1971 to March 2022 which are in English on the following databases: 1) Medline/PubMed/MeSH search words: ((Methyl viologen [Title/Abstract]) OR (paraquat [MeSH Terms])) AND (forensic [Title/Abstract]); 2) Scopus Keywords related to the study aim included forensic toxicology, paraquat, Methyl viologen; 3) Web of Science. Keywords related to the study aim included forensic toxicology, paraquat, and Methyl viologen. Results Thirty full-text articles were included. The results of our review indicate plasma and urine are more used for identifying PQ, and liver, lung, and gastric fluid are important in postmortem cases. Preparation methods, including liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction, and acetonitrile-precipitated protein, are often required for removing interfering substances. Chromatographic methods, among other analytical techniques, are more sensitive, specific, and applicable. Conclusion Our review suggests that plasma, urine, and lungs should be prioritized in sampling. Solid-phase extraction has better recovery than LLE in many samples. Colorimetric methods are not used much today, and radioimmunoassay (RIA) has limited application despite its high sensitivity. Gas and liquid chromatography methods appear to offer the best approach for the analysis of PQ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maryam Akhgari
- Maryam Akhgari, Pharm D, PhD, Forensic Toxicology Department, Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran,
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Gupta SV, Campos L, Schmidt KH. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase Sod2 suppresses nuclear genome instability during oxidative stress. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad147. [PMID: 37638880 PMCID: PMC10550321 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress can damage DNA and thereby contribute to genome instability. To avoid an imbalance or overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cells are equipped with antioxidant enzymes that scavenge excess ROS. Cells lacking the RecQ-family DNA helicase Sgs1, which contributes to homology-dependent DNA break repair and chromosome stability, are known to accumulate ROS, but the origin and consequences of this oxidative stress phenotype are not fully understood. Here, we show that the sgs1 mutant exhibits elevated mitochondrial superoxide, increased mitochondrial mass, and accumulation of recombinogenic DNA lesions that can be suppressed by antioxidants. Increased mitochondrial mass in the sgs1Δ mutant is accompanied by increased mitochondrial branching, which was also inducible in wildtype cells by replication stress. Superoxide dismutase Sod2 genetically interacts with Sgs1 in the suppression of nuclear chromosomal rearrangements under paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative stress. PQ-induced chromosome rearrangements in the absence of Sod2 are promoted by Rad51 recombinase and the polymerase subunit Pol32. Finally, the dependence of chromosomal rearrangements on the Rev1/Pol ζ mutasome suggests that under oxidative stress successful DNA synthesis during DNA break repair depends on translesion DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vidushi Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Lillian Campos
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Kristina Hildegard Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Aguiar ASN, Costa LB, Borges ID, Aguirre G, Tejerina-Garro FL, Dutra e Silva S, Napolitano HB. The effect of water molecules on paraquat salts: from physicochemical properties to environmental impact in the Brazilian Cerrado. Front Chem 2023; 11:1267634. [PMID: 37795387 PMCID: PMC10546189 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1267634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The green revolution model that is followed in the Brazilian Cerrado is dependent on mechanization, chemical fertilization for soil dressing and correction, and the use of herbicides. Paraquat is a methyl viologen herbicide marketed as bipyridylium dichloride salts and used (in low doses) to combat weeds in their post-emergence stage. It is a non-selective pesticide that causes the peroxidation of the lipids that make up the cell membrane, and when it comes into contact with foliage, it results in the death of the plant. Methods: The effect of water molecules co-crystallized in Paraquat salt structures was analyzed in anhydrous, dihydrate, and trihydrate forms to understand those physicochemical properties in its redox activity. The frontier molecular orbitals were also carried out using DFT to obtain the chemical reactivity of the bipyridylium cation. Finally, the supramolecular arrangements were evaluated to analyze the physicochemical stability and acquire insights on superoxide anions. Results and discussion: The electronic structure indicated that the BP cation presents an acidic character due to its low ELUMO value, while the salt has a more basic character due to its high EHOMO value. For this reason, the BP ion is more susceptible to reduction during the weeds' photosynthesis process. During the process of plant photosynthesis, PQ is reduced to form a stable radical cation. In the supramolecular arrangement, the presence of water molecules increases the number of strong H-bonds, while the weak/moderate H-bonds are stabilized. PQ's toxic effects are observed in wildlife, domesticated animals, human populations, and ecosystems. The influence of PQ on the terrestrial environment is limited because of the soil adsorption capacity associated with good agricultural practices. The current use of good agricultural practices in the Cerrado seems not to prevent the environmental impacts of herbicides like PQ because it aims for the expansion and profitability of large-scale farming based on input-intensive practices instead of sustainable agriculture processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio S. N. Aguiar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Luiz B. Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Igor D. Borges
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Gerardo Aguirre
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Tecnológico Nacional de Mexico, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Francisco L. Tejerina-Garro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
- Escola de Ciências Médicas e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Sandro Dutra e Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Hamilton B. Napolitano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
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Weller CA, Andreev I, Chambers MJ, Park M, Bloom JS, Sadhu MJ. Highly complete long-read genomes reveal pangenomic variation underlying yeast phenotypic diversity. Genome Res 2023; 33:729-740. [PMID: 37127330 PMCID: PMC10317115 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277515.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic causes of trait variation is a primary goal of genetic research. One way that individuals can vary genetically is through variable pangenomic genes: genes that are only present in some individuals in a population. The presence or absence of entire genes could have large effects on trait variation. However, variable pangenomic genes can be missed in standard genotyping workflows, owing to reliance on aligning short-read sequencing to reference genomes. A popular method for studying the genetic basis of trait variation is linkage mapping, which identifies quantitative trait loci (QTLs), regions of the genome that harbor causative genetic variants. Large-scale linkage mapping in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has found thousands of QTLs affecting myriad yeast phenotypes. To enable the resolution of QTLs caused by variable pangenomic genes, we used long-read sequencing to generate highly complete de novo genome assemblies of 16 diverse yeast isolates. With these assemblies, we resolved QTLs for growth on maltose, sucrose, raffinose, and oxidative stress to specific genes that are absent from the reference genome but present in the broader yeast population at appreciable frequency. Copies of genes also duplicate onto chromosomes where they are absent in the reference genome, and we found that these copies generate additional QTLs whose resolution requires pangenome characterization. Our findings show the need for highly complete genome assemblies to identify the genetic basis of trait variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory A Weller
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Ilya Andreev
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Michael J Chambers
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Morgan Park
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Joshua S Bloom
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Meru J Sadhu
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
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Barravecchia L, Blanco-Gómez A, Neira I, Skackauskaite R, Vila A, Rey-Rico A, Peinador C, García MD. "Vermellogens" and the Development of CB[8]-Based Supramolecular Switches Using pH-Responsive and Non-Toxic Viologen Analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19127-19136. [PMID: 36206443 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present herein the "vermellogens", a new class of pH-responsive viologen analogues, which replace the direct linking between para-substituted pyridinium moieties within those by a hydrazone functional group. A series of such compounds have been efficiently synthesized in aqueous media by hydrazone exchange reactions, displaying a marked pH-responsivity. Furthermore, the parent N,N'-dimethylated "vermellogen": the "red thread", an analogue of the herbicide paraquat and used herein as a representative model of the series, showed anion-recognition abilities, non-reversible electrochemical behavior, and non-toxicity of the modified bis-pyridinium core. The host-guest chemistry for the "red thread" with the CB[7,8] macrocyclic receptors has been extensively studied experimentally and by dispersion corrected density functional theory methods, showing a parallel behavior to that previously described for the herbicide but, crucially, swapping the well-known redox reactive capabilities of the viologen-based inclusion complexes by acid-base supramolecular responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Barravecchia
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071A Coruña, Spain
| | - Arturo Blanco-Gómez
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071A Coruña, Spain
| | - Iago Neira
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071A Coruña, Spain
| | - Raminta Skackauskaite
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vila
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana Rey-Rico
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Group (G-CEL), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Peinador
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marcos D García
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071A Coruña, Spain
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7
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Hong Q, Sun H, Chen M, Zhang S, Yu Q. Plasma treatment effects on destruction and recovery of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274523. [PMID: 36103549 PMCID: PMC9473617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment effects of non-thermal atmospheric gas plasmas (NTAP) on destruction and the recovery (or re-colonization) of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in biofilms. P. gingivalis is a well-known keystone periodontal pathogen strongly associated with periodontal diseases, especially periodontitis. P. gingivalis biofilms were formed on stainless steel coupons and treated for 1, 2, and 5 minutes by NTAP of pure argon gas and argon+oxygen gas mixture. MTT assay, colony forming unit (CFU) counting assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to assess the destruction efficiency. In addition, the plasma treated biofilms were re-cultured in the medium supplemented with antibiotics and oxidative stress sources to determine the synergy of the NTAP with other antimicrobial agents. The results showed the plasma treatment could result in 2.7 log unit reduction in bacterial load. The recovered biofilm CFU with NTAP treatment combined with sub minimal inhibition concentration of amoxicillin was 0.33 log units less than the biofilm treated with amoxicillin alone. The recovered biofilm CFU in NTAP groups was about 2.0 log units less than that in the untreated controls under H2O2 treatment. There was approximately 1.0 log unit reduction of biofilm CFU in plasma treated biofilm compared with untreated control under paraquat treatment. The plasma treated biofilms exhibited less resistance to amoxicillin and greater susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and paraquat, suggesting that NTAP may enhance biofilm susceptibility to host defense. These in vitro findings suggested that NTAP could be a novel and effective treatment method of oral biofilms that cause periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Hongmin Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HS); (QY)
| | - Meng Chen
- Nanova, Inc., Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Shaoping Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, Iowa University, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Qingsong Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HS); (QY)
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8
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Liu C, Sun ZR, Wang MM, Yang ZZ, Zhang W, Ren Y, Han XQ, Liu R, Li Q, Nie SN. Arctigenin attenuates paraquat-induced human lung epithelial A549 cell injury by suppressing ROS/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases-mediated apoptosis. World J Emerg Med 2022; 13:373-378. [PMID: 36119774 PMCID: PMC9420658 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2022.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraquat (PQ)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and pulmonary fibrosis are common diseases with high mortality but without effective antidotes in emergency medicine. Our previous study has proved that arctigenin suppressed pulmonary fibrosis induced by PQ. We wondered whether arctigenin could also have a protective effect on PQ-induced ALI. METHODS A PQ-induced A549 cell injury model was used, and the effect of arctigenin was determined by a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) cell viability assay. In addition, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining assays and mitochondrial membrane potential assays were performed to evaluate the level of cell apoptosis. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was reflected by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining and a 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. Moreover, immunoblotting studies were used to assess the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and p38 MAPK. RESULTS Arctigenin attenuated PQ-induced inhibition of A549 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Arctigenin also significantly reduced PQ-induced A549 cell apoptosis, as reflected by the TUNEL assay and mitochondrial membrane potential assay, which may result from suppressed ROS/p38 MAPK signaling because we found that arctigenin dramatically suppressed ROS generation and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Arctigenin could attenuate PQ-induced lung epithelial A549 cell injury in vitro by suppressing ROS/p38 MAPK-mediated cell apoptosis, and arctigenin might be considered a potential candidate drug for PQ-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Zhao-rui Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Meng-meng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Zhi-zhou Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiao-qin Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Shi-nan Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
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9
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Ramamoorthi K, Acharya V, Lewis M. Paraquat – boon or bane? A retrospective study of paraquat poisoning and outcomes in a tertiary care center in South India. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_859_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Helsen J, Voordeckers K, Vanderwaeren L, Santermans T, Tsontaki M, Verstrepen KJ, Jelier R. Gene Loss Predictably Drives Evolutionary Adaptation. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:2989-3002. [PMID: 32658971 PMCID: PMC7530610 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of gene function is common throughout evolution, even though it often leads to reduced fitness. In this study, we systematically evaluated how an organism adapts after deleting genes that are important for growth under oxidative stress. By evolving, sequencing, and phenotyping over 200 yeast lineages, we found that gene loss can enhance an organism’s capacity to evolve and adapt. Although gene loss often led to an immediate decrease in fitness, many mutants rapidly acquired suppressor mutations that restored fitness. Depending on the strain’s genotype, some ultimately even attained higher fitness levels than similarly adapted wild-type cells. Further, cells with deletions in different modules of the genetic network followed distinct and predictable mutational trajectories. Finally, losing highly connected genes increased evolvability by facilitating the emergence of a more diverse array of phenotypes after adaptation. Together, our findings show that loss of specific parts of a genetic network can facilitate adaptation by opening alternative evolutionary paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Helsen
- Laboratory of Predictive Genetics and Multicellular Systems, CMPG, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, CMPG, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Voordeckers
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, CMPG, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Vanderwaeren
- Laboratory of Predictive Genetics and Multicellular Systems, CMPG, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, CMPG, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Toon Santermans
- Laboratory of Predictive Genetics and Multicellular Systems, CMPG, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Tsontaki
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, CMPG, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin J Verstrepen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, CMPG, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob Jelier
- Laboratory of Predictive Genetics and Multicellular Systems, CMPG, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Shields HJ, Traa A, Van Raamsdonk JM. Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on Lifespan: A Comprehensive Review of Comparative and Experimental Studies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:628157. [PMID: 33644065 PMCID: PMC7905231 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the greatest risk factor for a multitude of diseases including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration and cancer. Despite decades of research dedicated to understanding aging, the mechanisms underlying the aging process remain incompletely understood. The widely-accepted free radical theory of aging (FRTA) proposes that the accumulation of oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the primary causes of aging. To define the relationship between ROS and aging, there have been two main approaches: comparative studies that measure outcomes related to ROS across species with different lifespans, and experimental studies that modulate ROS levels within a single species using either a genetic or pharmacologic approach. Comparative studies have shown that levels of ROS and oxidative damage are inversely correlated with lifespan. While these studies in general support the FRTA, this type of experiment can only demonstrate correlation, not causation. Experimental studies involving the manipulation of ROS levels in model organisms have generally shown that interventions that increase ROS tend to decrease lifespan, while interventions that decrease ROS tend to increase lifespan. However, there are also multiple examples in which the opposite is observed: increasing ROS levels results in extended longevity, and decreasing ROS levels results in shortened lifespan. While these studies contradict the predictions of the FRTA, these experiments have been performed in a very limited number of species, all of which have a relatively short lifespan. Overall, the data suggest that the relationship between ROS and lifespan is complex, and that ROS can have both beneficial or detrimental effects on longevity depending on the species and conditions. Accordingly, the relationship between ROS and aging is difficult to generalize across the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel J Shields
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Annika Traa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeremy M Van Raamsdonk
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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12
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Deng G, Li L, Ouyang Y. Modeling paraquat-induced lung fibrosis in C. elegans reveals KRIT1 as a key regulator of collagen gene transcription. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4452-4467. [PMID: 33495402 PMCID: PMC7906160 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat poisoning causes lung fibrosis, which often results in long-term pulmonary dysfunction. Lung fibrosis has been attributed to collagens accumulation, but the underlying regulatory pathway remains unclear. Here we use the genetically tractable C. elegans as a model to study collagen gene transcription in response to paraquat. We find that paraquat robustly up-regulates collagen gene transcription, which is dependent on KRI-1, a poorly studied protein homologous to human KRIT1/CCM1. KRI-1 knockdown prevents paraquat from activating the oxidative stress response transcription factor SKN-1/Nrf2, resulting in reduced collagen transcription and increased paraquat sensitivity. Using human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5), we confirm that both KRIT1 and Nrf2 are required for collagen transcription in response to paraquat. Nrf2 hyper-activation by KEAP1 knockdown bypasses KRIT1 to up-regulate collagen transcription. Our findings on the regulation of collagen gene transcription by paraquat could suggest potential strategies to treat pulmonary fibrosis caused by paraquat poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongping Deng
- Department of Emergency, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Le Li
- Hunan Yuantai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yanhong Ouyang
- Department of Emergency, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
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13
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NRF2 and paraquat-induced fatal redox stress. Toxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819092-0.00010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Budnar P, Singh NP, Rao CM. HSPB5 (αB-crystallin) confers protection against paraquat-induced oxidative stress at the organismal level in a tissue-dependent manner. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:229-239. [PMID: 33078332 PMCID: PMC7736594 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the major and continuous stresses, an organism encounters during its lifetime. Tissues such as the brain, liver and muscles are more prone to damage by oxidative stress due to their metabolic activity, differences in physiological and adaptive processes. One of the defence mechanisms against continuous oxidative stress is a set of small heat shock proteins. αB-Crystallin/HSPB5, a small heat shock protein, gets upregulated under stress and acts as a molecular chaperone. In addition to acting as a molecular chaperone, HSPB5 is shown to have a role in other cytoprotective functions such as inhibition of apoptosis, prevention of oxidative stress and stabilisation of cytoskeletal system. Such protection in vivo, at the organism level, particularly in a tissue-dependent manner, has not been investigated. We have expressed HSPB5 in fat body (liver), neurons and specifically in dopaminergic and motor neurons in Drosophila and investigated its protective effect against paraquat-induced oxidative stress. We observed that expression of HSPB5 in neurons and fat body confers protection against paraquat-induced oxidative stress. Expression in dopaminergic neurons showed a higher protective effect. Our results clearly establish the protective ability of HSPB5 in vivo; the extent of protection, however, varies depending on the tissue in which it is expressed. Interestingly, neuronal expression of HSPB5 resulted in an improvement in negative geotropic behaviour, whereas specific expression in muscle tissue did not show such a beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Budnar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Narendra Pratap Singh
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Ch Mohan Rao
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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15
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Song YX, Fan SL, Peng A, Shen S, Cheng JF, Chen GQ, Li CB, Jiang C, Li XH, Liu JY. A retrospective analysis reveals a predictor of survival for the patient with paraquat intoxication. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 511:269-277. [PMID: 33148529 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Feasible and accurate predictors are urgently needed to evaluate the survival for patients with paraquat poisoning since the high mortality of paraquat poisoning always resulted in the loss of both life and money. Multiple predictors have been developed to predict prognosis of the patients with PQ poisoning, which however heavily depend on the time of admission to hospitals. Here we reported a feasible and accurate prognosis predictor for patients with paraquat poisoning that is independent of the time of admission to hospitals. Patients with paraquat poisoning were enrolled in this study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which were grouped into survivors and non-survivors based on the 90-days follow-up investigation. The concentration of paraquat in serum and urine, and the baseline clinical parameters associated with the injuries of the liver, kidney, and lung were evaluated to predict the survival of these patients by using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses. A total of 114 patients was included in this study with a survival rate of 54.4%. The median survival days of non-survivors were 6.0 (95%Cl: 4.0-7.8). A new predictor, namely paraquat concentration-associated multiorgan injury index (PCAMII), was established by integrating serum and urine paraquat concentration, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, total and direct bilirubin, at different weighting coefficients, with the accuracy of about 90%. The model to predict the survival probability by PCAMII was established with good fitness (R2 = 0.9325), providing the simulated survival rates comparable to the clinical data. PCAMII, which is independent of hospital admission time, is a feasible and accurate marker to predict the survival rate of patients with PQ poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiang Song
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China; Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shu-Ling Fan
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China; Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ai Peng
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China; Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shijun Shen
- The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia-Fen Cheng
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China; Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Guang-Qi Chen
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China; Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chang-Bin Li
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China; Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xin-Hua Li
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China; Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China; Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Wijerathna TM, Mohamed F, Gawarammana IB, Wunnapuk K, Dissanayake DM, Shihana F, Buckley NA. Cellular injury leading to oxidative stress in acute poisoning with potassium permanganate/oxalic acid, paraquat, and glyphosate surfactant herbicide. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103510. [PMID: 33031936 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on human acute kidney injury (AKI) following poisoning with potassium permanganate/oxalic acid (KMnO4/H2C2O4), paraquat, and glyphosate surfactant herbicide (GPSH) have shown rapid and large increases in serum creatinine (sCr) that cannot be entirely explained by direct nephrotoxicity. One plausible mechanism for a rapid increase in sCr is oxidative stress. Thus, we aimed to explore biomarkers of oxidative stress, cellular injury, and their relationship with sCr, after acute KMnO4/H2C2O4, paraquat, and GPSH poisonings. Serum biomarkers [sCr, creatine (sCn), cystatin C (sCysC)] and urinary biomarkers [cytochrome C (CytoC), 8-isoprostane (8-IsoPs)] were evaluated in 105 patients [H2C2O4/KMnO4 (N = 57), paraquat, (N = 21), GPSH (N = 27)] recruited to a multicenter cohort study. We used area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC-ROC) to quantify the extent of prediction of moderate to severe AKI (acute kidney injury network stage 2/3 (AKIN2/3)). Patients with AKIN2/3 showed increased levels of CytoC. Early high CytoC predicted AKIN2/3 in poisoning with KMnO4/H2C2O4 (AUC-ROC4-8h: 0.81), paraquat (AUC-ROC4-8h: 1.00), and GPSH (AUC-ROC4-8h: 0.91). 8-Isoprostane levels were not significantly elevated. Reduced sCn and increased sCr/sCn ratios were observed for 48 h post KMnO4/H2C2O4 ingestion. Paraquat exhibited a similar pattern (N = 11), however only 3 were included in our study. Increased CytoC suggests there is mitochondrial injury coupled with energy depletion. The increased sCr within 24 h could be due to increased conversion of cellular creatine to creatinine during the process of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation and then efflux from cells. Later increases of sCr are more likely to represent a true decrease in kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini Madushanka Wijerathna
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| | - Fahim Mohamed
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; Australian Kidney Biomarker Reference Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Prince of Wales Hospital and Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Group, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Indika Bandara Gawarammana
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Klintean Wunnapuk
- Toxicology Division, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Fathima Shihana
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Group, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas Allan Buckley
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Group, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
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17
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Zhao HW, Liu H, Liu LY, Liu Z, Dong XS. Analysis of microRNA expression profiling during paraquat-induced injury of murine lung alveolar epithelial cells. J Toxicol Sci 2020; 45:423-434. [PMID: 32741895 DOI: 10.2131/jts.45.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) as a non-selective heterocyclic herbicide, has been applied worldwide for over a few decades. But PQ is very harmful to humans and rodents. The lung is the main target organ of PQ poisoning. It is an important event that lung epithelial cells are injured during PQ-induced acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis. As a regulator of mRNA expression, microRNA (miRNA) may play an important role in the progress. Our study was to investigate the mechanisms of PQ-induced injury of pulmonary epithelial cells through analyzing the profiling of miRNAs and their target genes. As a result, 11 differentially expressed miRNAs were screened, including 1 upregulated miRNA and 10 downregulated miRNAs in PQ-treated murine lung alveolar epithelial cells (MLE-12 cells). The bioinformatic analyses suggested that the target genes of these miRNAs were involved in mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and DNA methylation, and participated in the regulation of PI3K-Akt, mTOR, RAS, TNF, MAPK and other signal pathways which related to oxidative stress and apoptosis. This indicated that miRNAs were an important regulator of oxidative stress and apoptosis during PQ-induced injury of murine lung alveolar epithelial cells. The findings would deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of PQ-induced pulmonary injury and might provide new treatment targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Li-Ying Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Xue-Song Dong
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China
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18
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Silva AM, Silva SC, Soares JP, Martins-Gomes C, Teixeira JP, Leal F, Gaivão I. Ginkgo biloba L. Leaf Extract Protects HepG2 Cells Against Paraquat-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120556. [PMID: 31795413 PMCID: PMC6963582 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extracts and herbal infusions are used worldwide due to the health benefits that are attributed to its use, including anti-neoplastic, anti-aging, neuro-protection, antioxidant and others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an aqueous Ginkgo biloba extract on HepG2 cell viability, genotoxicity and DNA protection against paraquat-induced oxidative damage. Exposure to paraquat (PQ), over 24 h incubation at 1.0 and 1.5 µM, did not significantly reduce cell viability but induced concentration and time-dependent oxidative DNA damage. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract produced dose-dependent cytotoxicity (IC50 = 540.8 ± 40.5 µg/mL at 24 h exposure), and short incubations (1 h) produced basal and oxidative DNA damage (>750 and 1500 µg/mL, respectively). However, lower concentrations (e.g., 75 µg/mL) of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract were not cytotoxic and reduced basal DNA damage, indicating a protective effect at incubations up to 4 h. On the other hand, longer incubations (24 h) induced oxidative DNA damage. Co-incubation of HepG2 cells for 4 h, with G. biloba leaf extract (75 µg/mL) and PQ (1.0 or 1.5 µM) significantly reduced PQ-induced oxidative DNA damage. In conclusion, the consumption of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract for long periods at high doses/concentrations is potentially toxic; however, low doses protect the cells against basal oxidative damage and against environmentally derived toxicants that induce oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.C.S.); (C.M.-G.)
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila-Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (I.G.); Tel.: +351-259350921 (A.M.S.); +351-259350734 (I.G.)
| | - Sandra C. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.C.S.); (C.M.-G.)
- Department of Genetic and Biotechnology, (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila-Real, Portugal;
| | - Jorge P. Soares
- Research Center in Sports, Health Sciences and Human Development, ECVA, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.C.S.); (C.M.-G.)
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila-Real, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal;
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Leal
- Department of Genetic and Biotechnology, (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila-Real, Portugal;
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (BioISI-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- Department of Genetic and Biotechnology, (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila-Real, Portugal;
- The Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, (CECAV-UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (I.G.); Tel.: +351-259350921 (A.M.S.); +351-259350734 (I.G.)
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Buendía JA, Justinico Castro JA, Vela LJT, Sinisterra D, Sánchez Villamil JP, Zuluaga Salazar AF. Comparison of four pharmacological strategies aimed to prevent the lung inflammation and paraquat-induced alveolar damage. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:584. [PMID: 31533801 PMCID: PMC6749662 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare in vivo effect of five pharmacological options on inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat. Methods 54 Wistar SPF rats were used. After 2 h post-intoxication with paraquat ion, groups of 9 animals were randomly assigned to (1) cyclophosphamide plus dexamethasone (2) low molecular weight heparin (3) unfractionated heparin (4) vitamin C every 24 h, (5) atorvastatin or (6) placebo with intraperitoneal saline. Lung inflammation, alveolar injury, hepatocyte damage, hepatic regeneration, acute tubular necrosis and kidney congestion were evaluated. Results In the control group 100% of animals presented moderate and severe lung inflammation, while in the groups with atorvastatin and intratracheal heparin this proportion was lower (55.5%; CI 26.6–81.3%) (p = 0.025). A lower degree of moderate or severe hepatic regeneration was evident in the treatment groups with atorvastatin (p = 0.009). In this study was demonstrated that statins and heparin might have a protective effect in the paraquat-induced destructive phase. More evidence is needed to evaluated of dose–response effects of these drugs before to study in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Antonio Buendía
- Grupo de Investigación en Farmacología y Toxicología, Centro de Información y Estudio de Medicamentos y Tóxicos (CIEMTO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 51D #62-29, Medellín, Colombia.
| | | | - Laura Joanna Tapia Vela
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Denis Sinisterra
- Grupo de Investigación en Farmacología y Toxicología, Centro de Información y Estudio de Medicamentos y Tóxicos (CIEMTO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 51D #62-29, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Andrés Felipe Zuluaga Salazar
- Grupo de Investigación en Farmacología y Toxicología, Centro de Información y Estudio de Medicamentos y Tóxicos (CIEMTO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 51D #62-29, Medellín, Colombia
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Marashi SM, Hosseini SF, Hosseinzadeh M, Qadir MF, Khodaei F. Ameliorative role of aspirin in paraquat-induced lung toxicity via mitochondrial mechanisms. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22370. [PMID: 31348582 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) has accounted for numerous suicide attempts in developing countries. Aspirin (ASA) as an adjuvant treatment in PQ poisoning has an ameliorative role. And, it's uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation role has been well established. The current study aimed at examining the aspirin mechanism on lung mitochondria of rats exposed to PQ. Male rats were randomly allocated in five groups: Control group, PQ group (50 mg/kg; orally, only on the first day), and PQ + ASA (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg; i.p.) groups for 3 weeks. Mitochondrial indices and respiratory chain-complex activities were determined. PQ induced lung interstitial fibrosis; however, ASA (400 mg/kg) led to decrease in this abnormal alteration. In comparison with PQ group, complex II and IV activity, and adenosine triphosphate content in ASA groups had significantly increased; however, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and mitochondrial swelling were significantly reduced. In conclusion, aspirin can alleviate lung injury induced by PQ poisoning by improving mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Mahdi Marashi
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.,Tehran Blood Transfusion Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Fatemeh Hosseini
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Massood Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Muhammad Farhan Qadir
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Forouzan Khodaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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21
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Shaulov Y, Shimokawa C, Trebicz-Geffen M, Nagaraja S, Methling K, Lalk M, Weiss-Cerem L, Lamm AT, Hisaeda H, Ankri S. Escherichia coli mediated resistance of Entamoeba histolytica to oxidative stress is triggered by oxaloacetate. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007295. [PMID: 30308066 PMCID: PMC6181410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amebiasis, a global intestinal parasitic disease, is due to Entamoeba histolytica. This parasite, which feeds on bacteria in the large intestine of its human host, can trigger a strong inflammatory response upon invasion of the colonic mucosa. Whereas information about the mechanisms which are used by the parasite to cope with oxidative and nitrosative stresses during infection is available, knowledge about the contribution of bacteria to these mechanisms is lacking. In a recent study, we demonstrated that enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O55 protects E. histolytica against oxidative stress. Resin-assisted capture (RAC) of oxidized (OX) proteins coupled to mass spectrometry (OX-RAC) was used to investigate the oxidation status of cysteine residues in proteins present in E. histolytica trophozoites incubated with live or heat-killed E. coli O55 and then exposed to H2O2-mediated oxidative stress. We found that the redox proteome of E. histolytica exposed to heat-killed E. coli O55 is enriched with proteins involved in redox homeostasis, lipid metabolism, small molecule metabolism, carbohydrate derivative metabolism, and organonitrogen compound biosynthesis. In contrast, we found that proteins associated with redox homeostasis were the only OX-proteins that were enriched in E. histolytica trophozoites which were incubated with live E. coli O55. These data indicate that E. coli has a profound impact on the redox proteome of E. histolytica. Unexpectedly, some E. coli proteins were also co-identified with E. histolytica proteins by OX-RAC. We demonstrated that one of these proteins, E. coli malate dehydrogenase (EcMDH) and its product, oxaloacetate, are key elements of E. coli-mediated resistance of E. histolytica to oxidative stress and that oxaloacetate helps the parasite survive in the large intestine. We also provide evidence that the protective effect of oxaloacetate against oxidative stress extends to Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Shaulov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa Israel
| | - Chikako Shimokawa
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Meirav Trebicz-Geffen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa Israel
| | - Shruti Nagaraja
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa Israel
| | - Karen Methling
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lea Weiss-Cerem
- Faculty of Biology, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ayelet T. Lamm
- Faculty of Biology, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hajime Hisaeda
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Serge Ankri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa Israel
- * E-mail:
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Redox state affects fecundity and insecticide susceptibility in Anopheles gambiae. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13054. [PMID: 30158658 PMCID: PMC6115382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox reactions play a central role in the metabolism of an organism. It is vital to maintain redox homeostasis in response to the fluctuation of redox shift in various biological contexts. NADPH-dependent reducing capacity is one of the key factors contributing to the redox homeostasis. To understand the redox capacity and its impact on mosquito fecundity and susceptibility to insecticides in Anopheles gambiae, we examined the dynamics of elevated oxidative state via induction by paraquat (PQ) and the inhibition of NADPH regeneration by 6-aminonicotinamide (6AN). In naïve conditions, inherent oxidative capacity varies between individuals, as measured by GSSG/GSH ratio. The high GSSG/GSH ratio was negatively correlated with fecundity. Both PQ and 6AN feeding increased GSSG/GSH ratio and elevated protein carbonylation, a marker of oxidative damage. Both pro-oxidants lowered egg production. Co-feeding the pro-oxidants with antioxidant lycopene attenuated the adverse effects on fecundity, implying that oxidative stress was the cause of this phenotype. Pre-feeding with 6AN increased insecticide susceptibility in DDT resistant mosquitoes. These results indicate that oxidative state is delicate in mosquitoes, manipulation of NADPH pool may adversely affect fecundity and insecticide detoxification capacity. This knowledge can be exploited to develop novel vector control strategies targeting fecundity and insecticide resistance.
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Shukla S, Dubey KK. CoQ10 a super-vitamin: review on application and biosynthesis. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:249. [PMID: 29755918 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) or ubiquinone is found in the biological system which is synthesized by the conjugation of benzoquinone ring with isoprenoid chain of variable length. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation energizes the body and increases body energy production in the form of ATP and helps to treat various human diseases such as cardiomyopathy, muscular dystrophy, periodontal disease, etc. Reports of these potential therapeutic advantages of CoQ10 have resulted in its high market demand, which focus the researchers to work on this molecule and develop better bioprocess methods for commercial level production. At the moment, chemical synthesis, semi-synthetic method as well as bio-production utilizing microbes as biofactory are in use for the synthesis of CoQ10. Chemical synthesis involves use of cheap and easily available precursor molecules such as isoprenol, chloromethylquinone, vinylalane, and solanesol. Chemical synthesis methods due to the use of various solvents and chemicals are less feasible, which limits its application. The microbial production of CoQ10 has added advantages of being produced in optically pure form with high yield using inexpensive medium composition. Several bacteria, e.g., Agrobacterium, Paracoccus, Rhodobacterium, and yeast such as Candida, Rhodotorula are the potent ubiquinone producer. Some alternative biosynthetic pathway for designing of CoQ10 production coupled with metabolic engineering might help to increase CoQ10 production. The most common practiced strategy for strain development for commercial CoQ10 production is through natural isolation and chemical mutagenesis. Here, we have reviewed the chemical, semi-synthetic as well as microbial CoQ10 production in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Shukla
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031 India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031 India
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Oliveira JM, Losano NF, Condessa SS, de Freitas RMP, Cardoso SA, Freitas MB, de Oliveira LL. Exposure to deltamethrin induces oxidative stress and decreases of energy reserve in tissues of the Neotropical fruit-eating bat Artibeus lituratus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:684-692. [PMID: 29172149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DTM) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide highly used by farmers and home users. This pesticide has lipophilic properties that facilitate a high absorption and can cause toxicity in non-target organisms. During foraging, the fruit-eating bats Artibeus lituratus are exposed to pesticides. However, the knowledge of the toxicity of pesticides on the physiology of bats is relatively scarce. This study aimed to check the toxicity of short-term exposure to low concentration of DTM on fruit-eating bat A. lituratus. After seven days of exposure to two doses of DTM (0.02 and 0.04mg/kg of papaya), the fruit bats showed an increase in the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and hyperglycemia. The liver and pectoral muscle presented oxidative stress. In the liver, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) were increased as well as the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) but in a lesser extent. Yet, total lipids were increased while hepatic glycogen content is reduced. The pectoral muscle showed NO, SOD, CAT, malondialdehyde (MDA), and carbonyl increased protein levels in both concentrations of DTM. All these results show that low doses of DTM can cause hepatic and muscular toxicity and induce changes in carbohydrate metabolism. Physiological changes caused by exposure to DTM in bats may have direct consequences in flight capacity, reproduction, and metabolism of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerusa Maria Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Nicole Fontes Losano
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Suellen Silva Condessa
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Almeida Cardoso
- Departamento de Medicina e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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de Mattos IM, Soares AEE, Tarpy DR. Mitigating effects of pollen during paraquat exposure on gene expression and pathogen prevalence in Apis mellifera L. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:32-44. [PMID: 29067534 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations have been experiencing notable mortality in Europe and North America. No single cause has been identified for these dramatic losses, but rather multiple interacting factors are likely responsible (such as pesticides, malnutrition, habitat loss, and pathogens). Paraquat is one of the most widely used non-selective herbicides, especially in developing countries. This herbicide is considered slightly toxic to honey bees, despite being reported as a highly effective inducer of oxidative stress in a wide range of living systems. Here, we test the effects of paraquat on the expression of detoxification and antioxidant-related genes, as well as on the dynamics of pathogen titers. Moreover, we tested the effects of pollen as mitigating factor to paraquat exposure. Our results show significant changes in the expression of several antioxidant-related and detoxification-related genes in the presence of paraquat, as well as an increase of pathogens titers. Finally, we demonstrate a mitigating effect of pollen through the up-regulation of specific genes and improvement of survival of bees exposed to paraquat. The presence of pollen in the diet was also correlated with a reduced prevalence of Nosema and viral pathogens. We discuss the importance of honey bees' nutrition, especially the availability of pollen, on colony losses chronically reported in the USA and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Medici de Mattos
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14.049-900, Brazil.
| | - Ademilson E E Soares
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14.049-900, Brazil
| | - David R Tarpy
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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Tang J, Li J, Li G, Zhang H, Wang L, Li D, Ding J. Spermidine-mediated poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles containing fluorofenidone for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6687-6704. [PMID: 28932114 PMCID: PMC5598552 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s140569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive, fatal lung disease with poor survival. The advances made in deciphering this disease have led to the approval of different antifibrotic molecules, such as pirfenidone and nintedanib. An increasing number of studies with particles (liposomes, nanoparticles [NPs], microspheres, nanopolymersomes, and nanoliposomes) modified with different functional groups have demonstrated improvement in lung-targeted drug delivery. In the present study, we prepared, characterized, and evaluated spermidine (Spd)-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs as carriers for fluorofenidone (AKF) to improve the antifibrotic efficacy of this drug in the lung. Spd-AKF-PLGA NPs were prepared and functionalized by modified solvent evaporation with Spd and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-PLGA groups. The size of Spd-AKF-PLGA NPs was 172.5±4.3 nm. AKF release from NPs was shown to fit the Higuchi model. A549 cellular uptake of an Spd-coumarin (Cou)-6-PLGA NP group was found to be almost twice as high as that of the Cou-6-PLGA NP group. Free Spd and difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) were preincubated in A549 cells to prove uptake of Spd-Cou-6-PLGA NPs via a polyamine-transport system. As a result, the uptake of Spd-Cou-6-PLGA NPs significantly decreased with increased Spd concentrations in incubation. At higher Spd concentrations of 50 and 500 µM, uptake of Spd-Cou-6-PLGA NPs reduced 0.34- and 0.49-fold from that without Spd pretreatment. After pretreatment with DFMO for 36 hours, cellular uptake of Spd-Cou-6-PLGA NPs reached 1.26-fold compared to the untreated DFMO group. In a biodistribution study, the drug-targeting index of Spd-AKF-PLGA NPs in the lung was 3.62- and 4.66-fold that of AKF-PLGA NPs and AKF solution, respectively. This suggested that Spd-AKF-PLGA NPs accumulated effectively in the lung. Lung-histopathology changes and collagen deposition were observed by H&E staining and Masson staining in an efficacy study. In the Spd-AKF-PLGA NP group, damage was further improved compared to the AKF-PLGA NP group and AKF-solution group. The results indicated that Spd-AKF-PLGA NPs are able to be effective nanocarriers for anti-pulmonary fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changsha Medical University
| | - Jianming Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha
| | - Guo Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Dai Li
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinsong Ding
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha
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Patel M, McElroy PB. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease. OXIDATIVE STRESS AND REDOX SIGNALLING IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622888-00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders where oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated as etiological factors. Mitochondria are the major producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can have damaging effects to cellular macromolecules leading to neurodegeneration. The most compelling evidence for the role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of PD has been derived from toxicant-induced models of parkinsonism. Over the years, epidemiological studies have suggested a link between exposure to environmental toxins such as pesticides and the risk of developing PD. Data from human and experimental studies involving the use of chemical agents like paraquat, diquat, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, rotenone and maneb have provided valuable insight into the underlying mitochondrial mechanisms contributing to PD and associated neurodegeneration. In this review, we have discussed the role of mitochondrial ROS and dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD with a special focus on environmental agent-induced parkinsonism. We have described the various mitochondrial mechanisms by which such chemicals exert neurotoxicity, highlighting some landmark epidemiological and experimental studies that support the role of mitochondrial ROS and oxidative stress in contributing to these effects. Finally, we have discussed the significance of these studies in understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of PD-related dopaminergic neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO 80045 USA
| | - Pallavi Bhuyan McElroy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO 80045 USA
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Servillo L, D'Onofrio N, Casale R, Cautela D, Giovane A, Castaldo D, Balestrieri ML. Ergothioneine products derived by superoxide oxidation in endothelial cells exposed to high-glucose. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:8-18. [PMID: 28300670 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (Egt), 2-mercapto-L-histidine betaine (ESH), is a dietary component acting as antioxidant and cytoprotectant. In vitro studies demonstrated that Egt, a powerful scavenger of hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion, hypochlorous acid and peroxynitrite, protects vascular function against oxidative damages, thus preventing endothelial dysfunction. In order to delve the peculiar oxidative behavior of Egt, firstly identified in cell free-systems, experiments were designed to identify the Egt oxidation products when endothelial cells (EC) benefit of its protection against high-glucose (hGluc). HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses revealed a decrease in the intracellular GSH levels and an increase in the ophthalmic acid (OPH) levels during hGluc treatment. Interestingly, in the presence of Egt, the decrease of the GSH levels was lower than in cells treated with hGluc alone, and this effect was paralleled by lower OPH levels. Egt was also effective in reducing the cytotoxicity of H2O2 and paraquat (PQT), an inducer of superoxide anion production, showing a similar time-dependent pattern of GSH and OPH levels, although with peaks occurring at different times. Importantly, Egt oxidation generated not only hercynine (EH) but also the sulfonic acid derivative (ESO3H) whose amounts were dependent on the oxidative stress employed. Furthermore, cell-free experiments confirmed the formation of both EH and ESO3H when Egt was reacted with superoxide anion. In summary, these data, by identifying the EH and ESO3H formation in EC exposed to hGluc, highlight the cellular antioxidant properties of Egt, whose peculiar redox behavior makes it an attractive candidate for the prevention of oxidative stress-associated endothelial dysfunction during hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Servillo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Casale
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Cautela
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei derivati dagli Agrumi, Azienda Speciale della Camera di Commercio di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Alfonso Giovane
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Castaldo
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei derivati dagli Agrumi, Azienda Speciale della Camera di Commercio di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico, MiSE, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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Milczarek A, Starzyński RR, Styś A, Jończy A, Staroń R, Grzelak A, Lipiński P. A drastic superoxide-dependent oxidative stress is prerequisite for the down-regulation of IRP1: Insights from studies on SOD1-deficient mice and macrophages treated with paraquat. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176800. [PMID: 28542246 PMCID: PMC5438123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) is a cytosolic bifunctional [4Fe-4S] protein which exhibits aconitase activity or binds iron responsive elements (IREs) in untranslated regions of specific mRNA encoding proteins involved in cellular iron metabolism. Superoxide radical (O2.-) converts IRP1 from a [4Fe-4S] aconitase to a [3Fe-4S] „null” form possessing neither aconitase nor trans-regulatory activity. Genetic ablation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), an antioxidant enzyme that acts to reduce O2.- concentration, revealed a new O2.--dependent regulation of IRP1 leading to the reduction of IRP1 protein level and in consequence to the diminution of IRP1 enzymatic and IRE-binding activities. Here, we attempted to establish whether developmental changes in SOD1 activity occurring in the mouse liver, impact IRP1 expression. We show no correlation between hepatic SOD1 activity and IRP1 protein level neither in pre- nor postnatal period probably because the magnitude of developmental fluctuations in SOD1 activity is relatively small. The comparison of SOD1 activity in regards to IRP1 protein level in the liver of threeSOD1 genotypes (Sod1+/+, Sod1+/- and Sod1-/-) demonstrates that only drastic SOD1 deficiency leads to the reduction of IRP1 protein level. Importantly, we found that in the liver of fetuses lacking SOD1, IRP1 is not down-regulated. To investigate O2.--dependent regulation of IRP1 in a cellular model, we exposed murine RAW 264.7 and bone marrow-derived macrophages to paraquat, widely used as a redox cycler to stimulate O2.-production in cells. We showed that IRP1 protein level as well as aconitase and IRE-binding activities are strongly reduced in macrophages treated with paraquat. The analysis of the expression of IRP1-target genes revealed the increase in L-ferritin protein level resulting from the enhanced transcriptional regulation of the LFt gene and diminished translational repression of L-ferritin mRNA by IRP1. We propose that O2.--dependent up-regulation of this cellular protectant in paraquat-treated macrophages may counterbalance iron-related toxic effects of O2.-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Milczarek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Rafał R. Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Styś
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Aneta Jończy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Robert Staroń
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grzelak
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Paweł Lipiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
- * E-mail:
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30
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Gravina F, Dobrzanski T, Olchanheski LR, Galvão CW, Reche PM, Pileggi SA, Azevedo RA, Sadowsky MJ, Pileggi M. Metabolic Interference of sod gene mutations on catalase activity in Escherichia coli exposed to Gramoxone® (paraquat) herbicide. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:89-96. [PMID: 28113116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides are continuously used to minimize the loss of crop productivity in agricultural environments. They can, however, cause damage by inhibiting the growth of microbiota via oxidative stress, due to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cellular responses to ROS involve the action of enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The objective of this study was to evaluate adaptive responses in Escherichia coli K-12 to paraquat, the active ingredient in the herbicide Gramoxone®. Mutant bacterial strains carrying deletions in genes encoding Mn-SOD (sodA) and Fe-SOD (sodB) were used and resulted in distinct levels of hydrogen peroxide production, interference in malondialdehyde, and viability. Mutations also resulted in different levels of interference with the activity of CAT isoenzymes and in the inactivation of Cu/Zn-SOD activity. These mutations may be responsible for metabolic differences among the evaluated strains, resulting in different patterns of antioxidative responses, depending on mutation background. While damage to the ΔsodB strain was minor at late log phase, the reverse was true at mid log phase for the ΔsodA strain. These results demonstrate the important role of these genes in defense against oxidative stress in different periods of growth. Furthermore, the lack of Cu/Zn-SOD activity in both mutant strains indicated that common metal cofactors likely interfere in SOD activity regulation. These results also indicate that E. coli K-12, a classical non-environmental strain, constitutes a model of phenotypic plasticity for adaptation to a redox-cycling herbicide through redundancy of different isoforms of SOD and CAT enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gravina
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Campus Universitário de Uvaranas, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Dobrzanski
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Campus Universitário de Uvaranas, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Olchanheski
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina W Galvão
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Campus Universitário de Uvaranas, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Péricles M Reche
- Departamento de Enfermagem e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Campus Universitário de Uvaranas, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sonia A Pileggi
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Campus Universitário de Uvaranas, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, and The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Marcos Pileggi
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Campus Universitário de Uvaranas, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
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Oliveira JM, Brinati A, Miranda LDL, Morais DB, Zanuncio JC, Gonçalves RV, Peluzio MDCG, Freitas MB. Exposure to the insecticide endosulfan induces liver morphology alterations and oxidative stress in fruit-eating bats (Artibeus lituratus). Int J Exp Pathol 2017; 98:17-25. [PMID: 28449369 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides may increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidation of cell membrane lipids and proteins. Although fruit bats are potentially exposed to pesticides during their entire lifespan, the impacts of this exposure are still poorly investigated. We examined the effects of low, commercially recommended concentrations (0, 1.05 and 2.1 g/l) of an organochlorine insecticide endosulfan (EDS) formulation on oxidative responses in the liver and kidneys of Neotropical fruit bats (Artibeus lituratus), as well as possible liver morphological alterations following a 35-day oral exposure. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased upon exposure to 1.05 g/l of EDS in the liver and kidneys, catalase was decreased in the liver of 2.1 g/l EDS-exposed bats, while glutathione S-transferase was increased in the liver of 2.1 g/l EDS-exposed bats. Protein carbonyls increased following the exposure to the highest EDS dose tested. Endosulfan-induced morphological alterations in the liver included cell degeneration and cell death, with apparent cytoplasm lipid accumulation (steatosis) and pyknotic nuclei, karyolysis and deposit of collagen fibres. Our findings suggest that exposure to low concentrations of EDS induced a certain extent of oxidative damage in fruit bats, which may have led to liver morphological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerusa Maria Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Brinati
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estatual de Minas Gerais, Carangola, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Barbosa Morais
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Luangwattananun P, Eiamphungporn W, Songtawee N, Bülow L, Isarankura Na Ayudhya C, Prachayasittikul V, Yainoy S. Improving enzymatic activities and thermostability of a tri-functional enzyme with SOD, catalase and cell-permeable activities. J Biotechnol 2017; 247:50-59. [PMID: 28274879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic action of major antioxidant enzymes, e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is known to be more effective than the action of any single enzyme. Recently, we have engineered a tri-functional enzyme, 6His-MnSOD-TAT/CAT-MnSOD (M-TAT/CM), with SOD, CAT and cell-permeable activities. The protein actively internalized into the cells and showed superior protection against oxidative stress-induced cell death over native enzymes fused with TAT. To improve its molecular size, enzymatic activity and stability, in this study, MnSOD portions of the engineered protein were replaced by CuZnSOD, which is the smallest and the most heat resistant SOD isoform. The newly engineered protein, CAT-CuZnSOD/6His-CuZnSOD-TAT (CS/S-TAT), had a 42% reduction in molecular size and an increase in SOD and CAT activities by 22% and 99%, respectively. After incubation at 70°C for 10min, the CS/S-TAT retained residual SOD activity up to 54% while SOD activity of the M-TAT/CM was completely abolished. Moreover, the protein exhibited a 5-fold improvement in half-life at 70°C. Thus, this work provides insights into the design and synthesis of a smaller but much more stable multifunctional antioxidant enzyme with ability to enter mammalian cells for further application as protective/therapeutic agent against oxidative stress-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piriya Luangwattananun
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Warawan Eiamphungporn
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Napat Songtawee
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Leif Bülow
- Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | | | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sakda Yainoy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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Sengupta A, Manna K, Datta S, Das U, Biswas S, Chakrabarti N, Dey S. Herbicide exposure induces apoptosis, inflammation, immune modulation and suppression of cell survival mechanism in murine model. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27883c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrates paraquat induced cellular toxicity in spleen and associated ROS generation, mitochondria dependent cellular apoptosis, inflammation and splenomegaly inSwiss Albinomice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaveri Sengupta
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Krishnendu Manna
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Siddhartha Datta
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Ujjal Das
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Sushobhan Biswas
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Nilkanta Chakrabarti
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Sanjit Dey
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
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Zemanová M, Stašková T, Kodrík D. Role of adipokinetic hormone and adenosine in the anti-stress response in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 91-92:39-47. [PMID: 27374982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of adipokinetic hormone (AKH) and adenosine in the anti-stress response was studied in Drosophila melanogaster larvae and adults carrying a mutation in the Akh gene (Akh(1)), the adenosine receptor gene (AdoR(1)), or in both of these genes (Akh(1) AdoR(1) double mutant). Stress was induced by starvation or by the addition of an oxidative stressor paraquat (PQ) to food. Mortality tests revealed that the Akh(1) mutant was the most resistant to starvation, while the AdoR(1) mutant was the most sensitive. Conversely, the Akh(1) AdoR(1) double mutant was more sensitive to PQ toxicity than either of the single mutants. Administration of PQ significantly increased the Drome-AKH level in w(1118) and AdoR(1) larvae; however, this was not accompanied by a simultaneous increase in Akh gene expression. In contrast, PQ significantly increased the expression of the glutathione S-transferase D1 (GstD1) gene. The presence of both a functional adenosine receptor and AKH seem to be important for the proper control of GstD1 gene expression under oxidative stress, however, the latter appears to play more dominant role. On the other hand, differences in glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity among the strains, and between untreated and PQ-treated groups were minimal. In addition, the glutathione level was significantly lower in all untreated AKH- or AdoR-deficient mutant flies as compared with the untreated control w(1118) flies and further declined following treatment with PQ. All oxidative stress characteristics modified by mutations in Akh gene were restored or even improved by 'rescue' mutation in flies which ectopically express Akh. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate the important roles of AKH and adenosine in the anti-stress response elicited by PQ in a D. melanogaster model, and provide the first evidence for the involvement of adenosine in the anti-oxidative stress response in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milada Zemanová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Stašková
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Kodrík
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Zhao C, Zeng H, Wu RTY, Cheng WH. Loss of Selenium-Binding Protein 1 Decreases Sensitivity to Clastogens and Intracellular Selenium Content in HeLa Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158650. [PMID: 27404728 PMCID: PMC4942091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1) is not a selenoprotein but structurally binds selenium. Loss of SBP1 during carcinogenesis usually predicts poor prognosis. Because genome instability is a hallmark of cancer, we hypothesize that SBP1 sequesters cellular selenium and sensitizes cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents. To test this hypothesis, we knocked down SBP1 expression in HeLa cervical cancer cells by employing a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) approach. Reduced sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, paraquat and camptothecin, reactive oxygen species content, and intracellular retention of selenium after selenomethionine treatment were observed in SBP1 shRNA HeLa cells. Results from Western analyses showed that treatment of HeLa cells with selenomethionine resulted in increased SBP1 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of SBP1 rendered HeLa cells increased expression of glutathione peroxidase-1 but not glutathione peroxidase-4 protein levels and accelerated migration from a wound. Altogether, SBP1 retains supplemental selenium and sensitizes HeLa cancer cells to clastogens, suggesting a new cancer treatment strategy by sequestering selenium through SBP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Zhao
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States of America
| | - Huawei Zeng
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States of America
| | - Ryan T. Y. Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States of America
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition & Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States of America
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36
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Novaes RD, Gonçalves RV, Cupertino MC, Santos EC, Bigonha SM, Fernandes GJM, Maldonado IRSC, Natali AJ. Acute paraquat exposure determines dose-dependent oxidative injury of multiple organs and metabolic dysfunction in rats: impact on exercise tolerance. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 97:114-24. [PMID: 27277193 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the pathological morphofunctional adaptations related to the imbalance of exercise tolerance triggered by paraquat (PQ) exposure in rats. The rats were randomized into four groups with eight animals each: (a) SAL (control): 0.5 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution; (b) PQ10: PQ 10 mg/kg; (c) PQ20: PQ 20 mg/kg; and (d) PQ30: PQ 30 mg/kg. Each group received a single injection of PQ. After 72 hours, the animals were subjected to an incremental aerobic running test until fatigue in order to determine exercise tolerance, blood glucose and lactate levels. After the next 24 h, lung, liver and skeletal muscle were collected for biometric, biochemical and morphological analyses. The animals exposed to PQ exhibited a significant anticipation of anaerobic metabolism during the incremental aerobic running test, a reduction in exercise tolerance and blood glucose levels as well as increased blood lactate levels during exercise compared to control animals. PQ exposure increased serum transaminase levels and reduced the glycogen contents in liver tissue and skeletal muscles. In the lung, the liver and the skeletal muscle, PQ exposure also increased the contents of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as a structural remodelling compared to the control group. All these changes were dose-dependent. Reduced exercise tolerance after PQ exposure was potentially influenced by pathological remodelling of multiple organs, in which glycogen depletion in the liver and skeletal muscle and the imbalance of glucose metabolism coexist with the induction of lipid, protein and DNA oxidation, a destructive process not counteracted by the upregulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo D Novaes
- Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marli C Cupertino
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Eliziária C Santos
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Solange M Bigonha
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antônio J Natali
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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37
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Engineering of a novel tri-functional enzyme with MnSOD, catalase and cell-permeable activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:451-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Curcumin Rescues a PINK1 Knock Down SH-SY5Y Cellular Model of Parkinson's Disease from Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cell Death. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2752-2762. [PMID: 27003823 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Mutations in the PINK1 gene result in an autosomal recessive form of early-onset PD. PINK1 plays a vital role in mitochondrial quality control via the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria. The aim of the present study was to create a cellular model of PD using siRNA-mediated knock down of PINK1 in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells The possible protective effects of curcumin, known for its many beneficial properties including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, was tested on this model in the presence and absence of paraquat, an additional stressor. PINK1 siRNA and control cells were separated into four treatment groups: (i) untreated, (ii) treated with paraquat, (iii) pre-treated with curcumin then treated with paraquat, or (iv) treated with curcumin. Various parameters of cellular and mitochondrial function were then measured. The PINK1 siRNA cells exhibited significantly decreased cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial respiration and ATP production, and increased apoptosis. Paraquat-treated cells exhibited decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, a more fragmented mitochondrial network and decreased MMP. Curcumin pre-treatment followed by paraquat exposure rescued cell viability and increased MMP and mitochondrial respiration in control cells, and significantly decreased apoptosis and increased MMP and maximal respiration in PINK1 siRNA cells. These results highlight a protective effect of curcumin against mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in PINK1-deficient and paraquat-exposed cells. More studies are warranted to further elucidate the potential neuroprotective properties of curcumin.
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Magrì A, Di Rosa MC, Tomasello MF, Guarino F, Reina S, Messina A, De Pinto V. Overexpression of human SOD1 in VDAC1-less yeast restores mitochondrial functionality modulating beta-barrel outer membrane protein genes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:789-98. [PMID: 26947057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1), the most important antioxidant defense against ROS in eukaryotic cells, localizes in cytosol and intermembrane space of mitochondria (IMS). Several evidences show a SOD1 intersection with both fermentative and respiratory metabolism. The Voltage Dependent Anion Channel (VDAC) is the main pore-forming protein in the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM), and is considered the gatekeeper of mitochondrial metabolism. Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking VDAC1 (Δpor1) is a very convenient model system, since it shows an impaired growth rate on non-fermentable carbon source. Transformation of Δpor1 yeast with human SOD1 completely restores the cell growth deficit in non-fermentative conditions and re-establishes the physiological levels of ROS, as well as the mitochondrial membrane potential. No similar result was found upon yeast SOD1 overexpression. A previous report highlighted the action of SOD1 as a transcription factor. Quantitative Real-Time PCR showed that β-barrel outer-membrane encoding-genes por2, tom40, sam50 are induced by hSOD1, but the same effect was not obtained in Δpor1Δpor2 yeast, indicating a crucial function for yVDAC2. Since the lack of VDAC1 in yeast can be considered a stress factor for the cell, hSOD1 could relieve it stimulating the expression of genes bringing to the recovery of the MOM function. Our results suggest a direct influence of SOD1 on VDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Magrì
- BIOMETEC, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy; National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Di Rosa
- BIOMETEC, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy; National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Guarino
- BIOMETEC, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy; National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Reina
- BIOMETEC, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy; National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Messina
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of Catania, Italy; National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Italy.
| | - Vito De Pinto
- BIOMETEC, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy; National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Italy.
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40
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Protective effect of gallic acid against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:1061-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Yin Y, Zhang J, Song D. Effects of lysine aspirin on lung AQP5 expression and lymphocyte apoptosis in paraquat-poisoned rats. TOXIN REV 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2015.1015036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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42
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Possik E, Pause A. Measuring oxidative stress resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans in 96-well microtiter plates. J Vis Exp 2015:e52746. [PMID: 25993260 DOI: 10.3791/52746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, which is the result of an imbalance between production and detoxification of reactive oxygen species, is a major contributor to chronic human disorders, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, aging, and cancer. Therefore, it is important to study oxidative stress not only in cell systems but also using whole organisms. C. elegans is an attractive model organism to study the genetics of oxidative stress signal transduction pathways, which are highly evolutionarily conserved. Here, we provide a protocol to measure oxidative stress resistance in C. elegans in liquid. Briefly, ROS-inducing reagents such as paraquat (PQ) and H2O2 are dissolved in M9 buffer, and solutions are aliquoted in the wells of a 96 well microtiter plate. Synchronized L4/young adult C. elegans animals are transferred to the wells (5-8 animals/well) and survival is measured every hour until most worms are dead. When performing an oxidative stress resistance assay using a low concentration of stressors in plates, aging might influence the behavior of animals upon oxidative stress, which could lead to an incorrect interpretation of the data. However, in the assay described herein, this problem is unlikely to occur since only L4/young adult animals are being used. Moreover, this protocol is inexpensive and results are obtained in one day, which renders this technique attractive for genetic screens. Overall, this will help to understand oxidative stress signal transduction pathways, which could be translated into better characterization of oxidative stress-associated human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elite Possik
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University
| | - Arnim Pause
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University;
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43
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Vemula V, Ni Z, Fedorova M. Fluorescence labeling of carbonylated lipids and proteins in cells using coumarin-hydrazide. Redox Biol 2015; 5:195-204. [PMID: 25974625 PMCID: PMC4434198 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonylation is a generic term which refers to reactive carbonyl groups present in biomolecules due to oxidative reactions induced by reactive oxygen species. Carbonylated proteins, lipids and nucleic acids have been intensively studied and often associated with onset or progression of oxidative stress related disorders. In order to reveal underlying carbonylation pathways and biological relevance, it is crucial to study their intracellular formation and spatial distribution. Carbonylated species are usually identified and quantified in cell lysates and body fluids after derivatization using specific chemical probes. However, spatial cellular and tissue distribution have been less often investigated. Here, we report coumarin-hydrazide, a fluorescent chemical probe for time- and cost-efficient labeling of cellular carbonyls followed by fluorescence microscopy to evaluate their intracellular formation both in time and space. The specificity of coumarin-hydrazide was confirmed in time- and dose-dependent experiments using human primary fibroblasts stressed with paraquat and compared with conventional DNPH-based immunocytochemistry. Both techniques stained carbonylated species accumulated in cytoplasm with strong perinuclear clustering. Using a complimentary array of analytical methods specificity of coumarin-hydrazide probe towards both protein- and lipid-bound carbonyls has been shown. Additionally, co-distribution of carbonylated species and oxidized phospholipids was demonstrated. Coumarin-hydrazide (CHH) chemical probe was used to label cellular carbonyls. CHH fluorescence microscopy allowed to monitor protein and lipid carbonyl distribution. CHH specificity towards protein- and lipid-bound carbonyls was demonstrated. CHH labeling and DNPH immunocytochemistry for microscopy imaging were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venukumar Vemula
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zhixu Ni
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Krůček T, Korandová M, Šerý M, Frydrychová RČ, Krůček T, Korandová M, Szakosová K. Effect of low doses of herbicide paraquat on antioxidant defense in Drosophila. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 88:235-248. [PMID: 25557922 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite a high toxicity, paraquat is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. Our study evaluated the effect of paraquat exposure on antioxidant response and locomotion activity in Drosophila melanogaster. We examined the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, and the transcript levels of both enzymes. Flies were exposed to a wide range of paraquat concentrations (0.25 μM to 25 mM) for 12 h. SOD, at both transcript and enzymatic levels, revealed a biphasic dose-response curve with the peak at 2.5 μM paraquat. A similar dose-response curve was observed at transcript levels of catalase. Males revealed higher susceptibility to paraquat exposure, displaying higher lethality, increased levels of SOD activity, and increased peroxide levels than in females. We found that the exposure of females to 2.5 μM paraquat leads to an increase in locomotion activity. Because susceptibility to paraquat was enhanced by mating, the study supports the hypothesis of elevation of stress sensitivity as a physiological cost of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Krůček
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre AS CR, v.v.i, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Sedláček V, Ptáčková N, Rejmontová P, Kučera I. The flavoprotein FerB ofParacoccus denitrificansbinds to membranes, reduces ubiquinone and superoxide, and acts as anin vivoantioxidant. FEBS J 2014; 282:283-96. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtĕch Sedláček
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Ptáčková
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Petra Rejmontová
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Igor Kučera
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
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Ye X, Linton JM, Schork NJ, Buck LB, Petrascheck M. A pharmacological network for lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2014; 13:206-15. [PMID: 24134630 PMCID: PMC3955372 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One goal of aging research is to find drugs that delay the onset of age-associated disease. Studies in invertebrates, particularly Caenorhabditis elegans, have uncovered numerous genes involved in aging, many conserved in mammals. However, which of these encode proteins suitable for drug targeting is unknown. To investigate this question, we screened a library of compounds with known mammalian pharmacology for compounds that increase C. elegans lifespan. We identified 60 compounds that increase longevity in C. elegans, 33 of which also increased resistance to oxidative stress. Many of these compounds are drugs approved for human use. Enhanced resistance to oxidative stress was associated primarily with compounds that target receptors for biogenic amines, such as dopamine or serotonin. A pharmacological network constructed with these data reveal that lifespan extension and increased stress resistance cluster together in a few pharmacological classes, most involved in intercellular signaling. These studies identify compounds that can now be explored for beneficial effects on aging in mammals, as well as tools that can be used to further investigate the mechanisms underlying aging in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Ye
- Division of Basic Sciences Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center Howard Hughes Medical Institute Seattle WA USA
| | - James M. Linton
- Division of Basic Sciences Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center Howard Hughes Medical Institute Seattle WA USA
| | - Nicholas J. Schork
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla California USA
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute Scripps Health La Jolla California USA
| | - Linda B. Buck
- Division of Basic Sciences Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center Howard Hughes Medical Institute Seattle WA USA
| | - Michael Petrascheck
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla California USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla California USA
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla California USA
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Selvaraj V, Bodapati S, Murray E, Rice KM, Winston N, Shokuhfar T, Zhao Y, Blough E. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity caused by yttrium oxide nanoparticles in HEK293 cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1379-91. [PMID: 24648735 PMCID: PMC3958544 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s52625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increased use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has caused new concerns about the potential exposure to biological systems and the potential risk that these materials may pose on human health. Here, we examined the effects of exposure to different concentrations (0–50 μg/mL) and incubation times (10 hours, 24 hours, or 48 hours) of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) NPs on human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Changes in cellular morphology, cell viability, cell membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), and the DNA damage after NP exposure were compared to the effects seen following incubation with paraquat, a known toxicant. Results The 24-hour inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of Y2O3 NPs (41±5 nm in size) in the HEK293 cells was found to be 108 μg/mL. Incubation with Y2O3 NPs (12.25–50 μg/mL) increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-3 expression and promoted apoptotic- and necrotic-mediated cell death in both a concentration and a time-dependent manner. Decreases in cell survivability were associated with elevations in cellular reactive oxygen species levels, increased mitochondrial membrane permeability, and evidence of DNA damage, which were consistent with the possibility that mitochondria impairment may play an important role in the cytotoxic response. Conclusion These data demonstrate that the Y2O3 NP exposure is associated with increased cellular apoptosis and necrosis in cultured HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sravanthi Bodapati
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Elizabeth Murray
- Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Kevin M Rice
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Nicole Winston
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Eric Blough
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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48
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Szulc A, Zablocka M, Coppel Y, Bijani C, Dabkowski W, Bryszewska M, Klajnert-Maculewicz B, Majoral JP. A viologen phosphorus dendritic molecule as a carrier of ATP and Mant-ATP: spectrofluorimetric and NMR studies. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01176g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A viologen phosphorus dendritic molecule is able to create non-covalent interactions with model molecules of drugs belonging to the group of nucleoside analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szulc
- Department of General Biophysics
- University of Lodz
- 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Zablocka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Yannick Coppel
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC)
- F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Christian Bijani
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC)
- F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Wojciech Dabkowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics
- University of Lodz
- 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC)
- F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
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49
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Murugavel K. Benzylic viologen dendrimers: a review of their synthesis, properties and applications. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00718b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers containing benzylic viologen branching units, their guest complexation, photophysical and biological applications has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiresan Murugavel
- ElectroOrganic Division
- CSIR-CECRI Central Electro Chemical Research Institute
- Karaikkudi-630006, India
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50
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Rai M, Katti P, Nongthomba U. Drosophila Erect wing (Ewg) controls mitochondrial fusion during muscle growth and maintenance by regulation of the Opa1-like gene. J Cell Sci 2013; 127:191-203. [PMID: 24198395 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.135525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis and morphological changes are associated with tissue-specific functional demand, but the factors and pathways that regulate these processes have not been completely identified. A lack of mitochondrial fusion has been implicated in various developmental and pathological defects. The spatiotemporal regulation of mitochondrial fusion in a tissue such as muscle is not well understood. Here, we show in Drosophila indirect flight muscles (IFMs) that the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial inner membrane fusion gene, Opa1-like, is regulated in a spatiotemporal fashion by the transcription factor/co-activator Erect wing (Ewg). In IFMs null for Ewg, mitochondria undergo mitophagy and/or autophagy accompanied by reduced mitochondrial functioning and muscle degeneration. By following the dynamics of mitochondrial growth and shape in IFMs, we found that mitochondria grow extensively and fuse during late pupal development to form the large tubular mitochondria. Our evidence shows that Ewg expression during early IFM development is sufficient to upregulate Opa1-like, which itself is a requisite for both late pupal mitochondrial fusion and muscle maintenance. Concomitantly, by knocking down Opa1-like during early muscle development, we show that it is important for mitochondrial fusion, muscle differentiation and muscle organization. However, knocking down Opa1-like, after the expression window of Ewg did not cause mitochondrial or muscle defects. This study identifies a mechanism by which mitochondrial fusion is regulated spatiotemporally by Ewg through Opa1-like during IFM differentiation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Rai
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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