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Kang J, Wu X, Li Y, Zhao S, Wang S, Yu D. Association between inflammatory bowel disease and osteoporosis in European and East Asian populations: exploring causality, mediation by nutritional status, and shared genetic architecture. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1425610. [PMID: 39136019 PMCID: PMC11317921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1425610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While previous research has established an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and osteoporosis (OP), the nature of this association in different populations remains unclear. Objective Our study used linkage disequilibrium scores(LDSC) regression analysis and Mendelian randomization(MR) to assess the genetic correlation and causal relationship between IBD and OP in European and East Asian populations. Methods We performed separate genetic correlation and causal analyses for IBD and OP in European and East Asian populations, used the product of coefficients method to estimate the mediating effect of nutritional status on the causal relationship, and used multi-trait analysis to explore the biological mechanisms underlying the IBD-nutrition-OP causal pathway. Results Our analysis revealed a significant genetic correlation and causal relationship between IBD and OP in the European population. Conversely, no such correlation or causal relationship was observed in the East Asian population. Mediation analysis revealed a significant mediating effect of nutritional status on the causal pathway between IBD and OP in the European population. Multi-trait analysis of the IBD-nutrition-OP causal pathway identified MFAP2, ATP13A2, SERPINA1, FTO and VCAN as deleterious variants. Conclusion Our findings establish a genetic correlation and causal relationship between IBD and OP in the European population, with nutritional status playing a crucial mediating role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kang
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xize Wu
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuangli Zhao
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongdong Yu
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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2
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Smith ML, Bull CJ, Holmes MV, Davey Smith G, Sanderson E, Anderson EL, Bell JA. Distinct metabolic features of genetic liability to type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: a reverse Mendelian randomization study. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104503. [PMID: 36870196 PMCID: PMC10009453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary artery disease (CAD) both have known genetic determinants, but the mechanisms through which their associated genetic variants lead to disease onset remain poorly understood. METHODS We used large-scale metabolomics data in a two-sample reverse Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to estimate effects of genetic liability to T2D and CAD on 249 circulating metabolites in the UK Biobank (N = 118,466). We examined the potential for medication use to distort effect estimates by conducting age-stratified metabolite analyses. FINDINGS Using inverse variance weighted (IVW) models, higher genetic liability to T2D was estimated to decrease high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (e.g. , HDL-C -0.05 SD; 95% CI -0.07 to -0.03, per doubling of liability), whilst increasing all triglyceride groups and branched chain amino acids (BCAAs). IVW estimates for CAD liability suggested an effect on reducing HDL-C as well as raising very-low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and LDL-C. In pleiotropy-robust models, T2D liability was still estimated to increase BCAAs, but several estimates for higher CAD liability reversed and supported decreased LDL-C and apolipoprotein-B. Estimated effects of CAD liability differed substantially by age for non-HDL-C traits, with higher CAD liability lowering LDL-C only at older ages when statin use was common. INTERPRETATION Overall, our results support largely distinct metabolic features of genetic liability to T2D and CAD, illustrating both challenges and opportunities for preventing these commonly co-occurring diseases. FUNDING Wellcome Trust [218495/Z/19/Z], UK MRC [MC_UU_00011/1; MC_UU_00011/4], the University of Bristol, Diabetes UK [17/0005587], World Cancer Research Fund [IIG_2019_2009].
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine L Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Caroline J Bull
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma L Anderson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joshua A Bell
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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3
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Rouland A, Masson D, Lagrost L, Vergès B, Gautier T, Bouillet B. Role of apolipoprotein C1 in lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis and diabetes: a systematic review. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:272. [PMID: 36471375 PMCID: PMC9724408 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein C1 (apoC1) is a small size apolipoprotein whose exact role is not totally clarified but which seems to modulate significantly the metabolism of lipoproteins. ApoC1 is involved in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by inhibiting the binding of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) to VLDL-receptor (VLDL-R), to low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and to LDL receptor related protein (LRP), by reducing the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and by stimulating VLDL production, all these effects leading to increase plasma triglycerides. ApoC1 takes also part in the metabolism of high density lipoproteins (HDL) by inhibiting Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein (CETP). The functionality of apoC1 on CETP activity is impaired in diabetes that might account, at least in part, for the increased plasma CETP activity observed in patients with diabetes. Its different effects on lipoprotein metabolism with a possible role in the modulation of inflammation makes the net impact of apoC1 on cardiometabolic risk difficult to figure out and apoC1 might be considered as pro-atherogenic or anti-atherogenic depending on the overall metabolic context. Making the link between total plasma apoC1 levels and the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases is difficult due to the high exchangeability of this small protein whose biological effects might depend essentially on its association with VLDL or HDL. The role of apoC1 in humans is not entirely elucidated and further studies are needed to determine its precise role in lipid metabolism and its possible pleiotropic effects on inflammation and vascular wall biology. In this review, we will present data on apoC1 structure and distribution among lipoproteins, on the effects of apoC1 on VLDL metabolism and HDL metabolism and we will discuss the possible links between apoC1, atherosclerosis and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Rouland
- grid.31151.37Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, University Hospital, Dijon, France ,grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - David Masson
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France ,LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France ,LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Vergès
- grid.31151.37Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, University Hospital, Dijon, France ,grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Gautier
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France ,LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Bouillet
- grid.31151.37Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, University Hospital, Dijon, France ,grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France ,grid.31151.37Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital François Mitterrand, CHU Dijon, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France
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4
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Bell JA, Wade KH, O’Keeffe LM, Carslake D, Vincent EE, Holmes MV, Timpson NJ, Davey Smith G. Body muscle gain and markers of cardiovascular disease susceptibility in young adulthood: A cohort study. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003751. [PMID: 34499663 PMCID: PMC8428664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential benefits of gaining body muscle for cardiovascular disease (CVD) susceptibility, and how these compare with the potential harms of gaining body fat, are unknown. We compared associations of early life changes in body lean mass and handgrip strength versus body fat mass with atherogenic traits measured in young adulthood. METHODS AND FINDINGS Data were from 3,227 offspring of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (39% male; recruited in 1991-1992). Limb lean and total fat mass indices (kg/m2) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans performed at age 10, 13, 18, and 25 y (across clinics occurring from 2001-2003 to 2015-2017). Handgrip strength was measured at 12 and 25 y, expressed as maximum grip (kg or lb/in2) and relative grip (maximum grip/weight in kilograms). Linear regression models were used to examine associations of change in standardised measures of these exposures across different stages of body development with 228 cardiometabolic traits measured at age 25 y including blood pressure, fasting insulin, and metabolomics-derived apolipoprotein B lipids. SD-unit gain in limb lean mass index from 10 to 25 y was positively associated with atherogenic traits including very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides. This pattern was limited to lean gain in legs, whereas lean gain in arms was inversely associated with traits including VLDL triglycerides, insulin, and glycoprotein acetyls, and was also positively associated with creatinine (a muscle product and positive control). Furthermore, this pattern for arm lean mass index was specific to SD-unit gains occurring between 13 and 18 y, e.g., -0.13 SD (95% CI -0.22, -0.04) for VLDL triglycerides. Changes in maximum and relative grip from 12 to 25 y were both positively associated with creatinine, but only change in relative grip was also inversely associated with atherogenic traits, e.g., -0.12 SD (95% CI -0.18, -0.06) for VLDL triglycerides per SD-unit gain. Change in fat mass index from 10 to 25 y was more strongly associated with atherogenic traits including VLDL triglycerides, at 0.45 SD (95% CI 0.39, 0.52); these estimates were directionally consistent across sub-periods, with larger effect sizes with more recent gains. Associations of lean, grip, and fat measures with traits were more pronounced among males. Study limitations include potential residual confounding of observational estimates, including by ectopic fat within muscle, and the absence of grip measures in adolescence for estimates of grip change over sub-periods. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that muscle strengthening, as indicated by grip strength gain, was weakly associated with lower atherogenic trait levels in young adulthood, at a smaller magnitude than unfavourable associations of fat mass gain. Associations of muscle mass gain with such traits appear to be smaller and limited to gains occurring in adolescence. These results suggest that body muscle is less robustly associated with markers of CVD susceptibility than body fat and may therefore be a lower-priority intervention target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Bell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kaitlin H. Wade
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Linda M. O’Keeffe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Carslake
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E. Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael V. Holmes
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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5
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Hübel C, Herle M, Santos Ferreira DL, Abdulkadir M, Bryant-Waugh R, Loos RJF, Bulik CM, Lawlor DA, Micali N. Childhood overeating is associated with adverse cardiometabolic and inflammatory profiles in adolescence. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12478. [PMID: 34127697 PMCID: PMC8203659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood eating behaviour contributes to the rise of obesity and related noncommunicable disease worldwide. However, we lack a deep understanding of biochemical alterations that can arise from aberrant eating behaviour. In this study, we prospectively associate longitudinal trajectories of childhood overeating, undereating, and fussy eating with metabolic markers at age 16 years to explore adolescent metabolic alterations related to specific eating patterns in the first 10 years of life. Data are from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n = 3104). We measure 158 metabolic markers with a high-throughput (1H) NMR metabolomics platform. Increasing childhood overeating is prospectively associated with an adverse cardiometabolic profile (i.e., hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipoproteinemia) in adolescence; whereas undereating and fussy eating are associated with lower concentrations of the amino acids glutamine and valine, suggesting a potential lack of micronutrients. Here, we show associations between early behavioural indicators of eating and metabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moritz Herle
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Diana L Santos Ferreira
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mohamed Abdulkadir
- Department of Pediatrics Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Bryant-Waugh
- Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, Michael Rutter Centre for Children and Young People, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Nadia Micali
- Department of Pediatrics Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
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6
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Fawcett KA, Obeidat M, Melbourne C, Shrine N, Guyatt AL, John C, Luan J, Richmond A, Moksnes MR, Granell R, Weiss S, Imboden M, May-Wilson S, Hysi P, Boutin TS, Portas L, Flexeder C, Harris SE, Wang CA, Lyytikäinen LP, Palviainen T, Foong RE, Keidel D, Minelli C, Langenberg C, Bossé Y, Van den Berge M, Sin DD, Hao K, Campbell A, Porteous D, Padmanabhan S, Smith BH, Evans DM, Ring S, Langhammer A, Hveem K, Willer C, Ewert R, Stubbe B, Pirastu N, Klaric L, Joshi PK, Patasova K, Massimo M, Polasek O, Starr JM, Karrasch S, Strauch K, Meitinger T, Rudan I, Rantanen T, Pietiläinen K, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Hall GL, Sly PD, Pennell CE, Kaprio J, Lehtimäki T, Vitart V, Deary IJ, Jarvis D, Wilson JF, Spector T, Probst-Hensch N, Wareham NJ, Völzke H, Henderson J, Strachan DP, Brumpton BM, Hayward C, Hall IP, Tobin MD, Wain LV. Variants associated with HHIP expression have sex-differential effects on lung function. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 5:111. [PMID: 33728380 PMCID: PMC7938335 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15846.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung function is highly heritable and differs between the sexes throughout life. However, little is known about sex-differential genetic effects on lung function. We aimed to conduct the first genome-wide genotype-by-sex interaction study on lung function to identify genetic effects that differ between males and females. Methods: We tested for interactions between 7,745,864 variants and sex on spirometry-based measures of lung function in UK Biobank (N=303,612), and sought replication in 75,696 independent individuals from the SpiroMeta consortium. Results: Five independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed genome-wide significant (P<5x10 -8) interactions with sex on lung function, and 21 showed suggestive interactions (P<1x10 -6). The strongest signal, from rs7697189 (chr4:145436894) on forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1) (P=3.15x10 -15), was replicated (P=0.016) in SpiroMeta. The C allele increased FEV 1 more in males (untransformed FEV 1 β=0.028 [SE 0.0022] litres) than females (β=0.009 [SE 0.0014] litres), and this effect was not accounted for by differential effects on height, smoking or pubertal age. rs7697189 resides upstream of the hedgehog-interacting protein ( HHIP) gene and was previously associated with lung function and HHIP lung expression. We found HHIP expression was significantly different between the sexes (P=6.90x10 -6), but we could not detect sex differential effects of rs7697189 on expression. Conclusions: We identified a novel genotype-by-sex interaction at a putative enhancer region upstream of the HHIP gene. Establishing the mechanism by which HHIP SNPs have different effects on lung function in males and females will be important for our understanding of lung health and diseases in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ma'en Obeidat
- The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carl Melbourne
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Nick Shrine
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Anna L. Guyatt
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Catherine John
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anne Richmond
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Marta R. Moksnes
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Raquel Granell
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian May-Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Pirro Hysi
- The Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK
| | - Thibaud S. Boutin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Laura Portas
- Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Carol A. Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, 33521, Finland
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Rachel E. Foong
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Dirk Keidel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cosetta Minelli
- Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Maarten Van den Berge
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Don D. Sin
- The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Blair H. Smith
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - David M. Evans
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sue Ring
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cristen Willer
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Ralf Ewert
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Beate Stubbe
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Lucija Klaric
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Peter K. Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Karina Patasova
- The Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK
| | - Mangino Massimo
- The Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - John M. Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Stefan Karrasch
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, 80336, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU Muenchen, Muenchen, 81675, Germany
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kirsi Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Obesity Centre, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00029, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, 33521, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Graham L. Hall
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter D. Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Craig E. Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Debbie Jarvis
- Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for the Environment and Health, London, UK
| | - James F. Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Tim Spector
- The Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Henry Völzke
- Intitute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
| | - John Henderson
- Population Health Sciences Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - David P. Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Ben M. Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ian P. Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR-Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Louise V. Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
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Genomic-Metabolomic Associations Support the Role of LIPC and Glycerophospholipids in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2021; 1. [PMID: 34382031 PMCID: PMC8353724 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2021.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported important single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with significant associations with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, their role in disease development remains elusive. This study aimed to assess SNP–metabolite associations (i.e., metabolite quantitative trait loci [met-QTL]) and to provide insights into the biological mechanisms of AMD risk SNPs. Design Cross-sectional multicenter study (Boston, Massachusetts, and Coimbra, Portugal). Participants Patients with AMD (n = 388) and control participants (n = 98) without any vitreoretinal disease (> 50 years). Methods Age-related macular degeneration grading was performed using color fundus photographs according to the Age-Related Eye Disease Study classification scheme. Fasting blood samples were collected and evaluated with mass spectrometry for metabolomic profiling and Illumina OmniExpress for SNPs profiling. Analyses of met-QTL of endogenous metabolites were conducted using linear regression models adjusted for age, gender, smoking, 10 metabolite principal components (PCs), and 10 SNP PCs. Additionally, we analyzed the cumulative effect of AMD risk SNPs on plasma metabolites by generating genetic risk scores and assessing their associations with metabolites using linear regression models, accounting for the same covariates. Modeling was performed first for each cohort, and then combined by meta-analysis. Multiple comparisons were accounted for using the false discovery rate (FDR). Main Outcome Measures Plasma metabolite levels associated with AMD risk SNPs. Results After quality control, data for 544 plasma metabolites were included. Meta-analysis of data from all individuals (AMD patients and control participants) identified 28 significant met-QTL (β = 0.016–0.083; FDR q-value < 1.14 × 10–2), which corresponded to 5 metabolites and 2 genes: ASPM and LIPC. Polymorphisms in the LIPC gene were associated with phosphatidylethanolamine metabolites, which are glycerophospholipids, and polymorphisms in the ASPM gene with branched-chain amino acids. Similar results were observed when considering only patients with AMD. Genetic risk score–metabolite associations further supported a global impact of AMD risk SNPs on the plasma metabolome. Conclusions This study demonstrated that genomic–metabolomic associations can provide insights into the biological relevance of AMD risk SNPs. In particular, our results support that the LIPC gene and the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway may play an important role in AMD, thus offering new potential therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Semaev S, Shakhtshneider E. Genetic Risk Score for Coronary Heart Disease: Review. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040239. [PMID: 33233501 PMCID: PMC7712936 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review deals with the stages of creation, methods of calculation, and the use of a genetic risk score for coronary heart disease in various populations. The concept of risk factors is generally recognized on the basis of the results of epidemiological studies in the 20th century; according to this concept, the high prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system is due to lifestyle characteristics and associated risk factors. An important and relevant task for the healthcare system is to identify the population segments most susceptible to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The level of individual risk of an unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis is determined by genetic factors in addition to lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Semaev
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine—Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Bogatkova Str. 175/1, Novosibirsk 630089, Russia;
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena Shakhtshneider
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine—Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Bogatkova Str. 175/1, Novosibirsk 630089, Russia;
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel./Fax: +7-(383)-264-2516
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9
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Fawcett KA, Obeidat M, Melbourne C, Shrine N, Guyatt AL, John C, Luan J, Richmond A, Moksnes MR, Granell R, Weiss S, Imboden M, May-Wilson S, Hysi P, Boutin TS, Portas L, Flexeder C, Harris SE, Wang CA, Lyytikäinen LP, Palviainen T, Foong RE, Keidel D, Minelli C, Langenberg C, Bossé Y, Van den Berge M, Sin DD, Hao K, Campbell A, Porteous D, Padmanabhan S, Smith BH, Evans DM, Ring S, Langhammer A, Hveem K, Willer C, Ewert R, Stubbe B, Pirastu N, Klaric L, Joshi PK, Patasova K, Massimo M, Polasek O, Starr JM, Karrasch S, Strauch K, Meitinger T, Rudan I, Rantanen T, Pietiläinen K, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Hall GL, Sly PD, Pennell CE, Kaprio J, Lehtimäki T, Vitart V, Deary IJ, Jarvis D, Wilson JF, Spector T, Probst-Hensch N, Wareham NJ, Völzke H, Henderson J, Strachan DP, Brumpton BM, Hayward C, Hall IP, Tobin MD, Wain LV. Variants associated with HHIP expression have sex-differential effects on lung function. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:111. [PMID: 33728380 PMCID: PMC7938335 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15846.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung function is highly heritable and differs between the sexes throughout life. However, little is known about sex-differential genetic effects on lung function. We aimed to conduct the first genome-wide genotype-by-sex interaction study on lung function to identify genetic effects that differ between males and females. Methods: We tested for interactions between 7,745,864 variants and sex on spirometry-based measures of lung function in UK Biobank (N=303,612), and sought replication in 75,696 independent individuals from the SpiroMeta consortium. Results: Five independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed genome-wide significant (P<5x10 -8) interactions with sex on lung function, and 21 showed suggestive interactions (P<1x10 -6). The strongest signal, from rs7697189 (chr4:145436894) on forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1) (P=3.15x10 -15), was replicated (P=0.016) in SpiroMeta. The C allele increased FEV 1 more in males (untransformed FEV 1 β=0.028 [SE 0.0022] litres) than females (β=0.009 [SE 0.0014] litres), and this effect was not accounted for by differential effects on height, smoking or pubertal age. rs7697189 resides upstream of the hedgehog-interacting protein ( HHIP) gene and was previously associated with lung function and HHIP lung expression. We found HHIP expression was significantly different between the sexes (P=6.90x10 -6), but we could not detect sex differential effects of rs7697189 on expression. Conclusions: We identified a novel genotype-by-sex interaction at a putative enhancer region upstream of the HHIP gene. Establishing the mechanism by which HHIP SNPs have different effects on lung function in males and females will be important for our understanding of lung health and diseases in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ma'en Obeidat
- The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carl Melbourne
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Nick Shrine
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Anna L. Guyatt
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Catherine John
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anne Richmond
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Marta R. Moksnes
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Raquel Granell
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian May-Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Pirro Hysi
- The Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK
| | - Thibaud S. Boutin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Laura Portas
- Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Carol A. Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, 33521, Finland
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Rachel E. Foong
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Dirk Keidel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cosetta Minelli
- Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Maarten Van den Berge
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Don D. Sin
- The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Blair H. Smith
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - David M. Evans
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sue Ring
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cristen Willer
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Ralf Ewert
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Beate Stubbe
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Lucija Klaric
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Peter K. Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Karina Patasova
- The Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK
| | - Mangino Massimo
- The Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - John M. Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Stefan Karrasch
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, 80336, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU Muenchen, Muenchen, 81675, Germany
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kirsi Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Obesity Centre, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00029, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, 33521, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Graham L. Hall
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter D. Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Craig E. Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Debbie Jarvis
- Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for the Environment and Health, London, UK
| | - James F. Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Tim Spector
- The Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Henry Völzke
- Intitute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
| | - John Henderson
- Population Health Sciences Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - David P. Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Ben M. Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ian P. Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR-Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Louise V. Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
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10
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Vasudev R, Shah P, Patel J, Naranjo M, Hosein K, Rampal U, Patel H, Bu J, Roy J, Guragai N, Bhandari P, Virk H, Shamoon F, Bikkina M. Should Bangladeshi Race Be Considered as an Independent Risk Factor for Multi Vessel Coronary Artery Disease? Vasc Health Risk Manag 2020; 16:143-147. [PMID: 32341647 PMCID: PMC7166067 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s233303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) continues to be on the rise not only in the Western developed world but also affecting the South Asian race, particularly Bangladeshis. The objectives of this study were as follows: To determine whether or not risk factors of Bangladeshis differ from non-Bangladeshis, whether there is any difference in the extent of CAD for both groups, and if there are risk factors that can significantly affect the extent of CAD. Methods All patients with a diagnosis of CAD admitted to our 800-bed tertiary care hospital between January 2001 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. We reviewed the age, sex, body-mass index (BMI), cardiac risk factors such as family history of CAD, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and smoking. We also reviewed coronary angiographic findings of these consecutive 150 Bangladeshis and a randomly selected group of 193 non-Bangladeshis. Results A total of 343 medical records were evaluated, this included two groups: 193 non-Bangladeshis and 150 Bangladeshi subjects. The Bangladeshi group was older than the non-Bangladeshi group (63.49 vs 59.22, p-value=0.001), and included a larger proportion of males than the non-Bangladeshi group (28.7% vs 15.68%, p-value=0.0116). Bangladeshi subjects are more likely to be smokers than non-Bangladeshi (11.75% vs 6.67%, χ2=12.7, p-value=0.0004). Non-obstructive, 1-vessel, 2-vessel and 3-vessel accounts for 13.33%, 36.67%, 22%, and 28% for Bangladeshis, and 16.39%, 20.77% 34.43% and 28.42% for non-Bangladeshis, respectively. The difference of extent of CAD is significant between two groups (χ2 =12.397, p-value=0.0061). The findings suggest that Bangladeshi ethnicity has almost 2 times the likelihood of having 1-vessel CAD at coronary angiography (OR=2.361, 95% CI 1.452-3.839, p=0.0005). Conclusion This study is a pivotal starting point for further evaluating the link between Bangladeshis and CAD. In our study we found that being Bangladeshi increases the risk of having CAD and may be an independent risk factor for multi-vessel CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Vasudev
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Priyank Shah
- Department of Cardiology, Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital, Albany, GA, USA
| | - Jaimy Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Michel Medical Center, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Naranjo
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Kevin Hosein
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Upamanyu Rampal
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Hiten Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, Campbell University, Fayetteville, NC, USA
| | - Jingnan Bu
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Justin Roy
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Nirmal Guragai
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Pragya Bhandari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Hartaj Virk
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Fayez Shamoon
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Mahesh Bikkina
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
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11
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Lawson DJ, Davies NM, Haworth S, Ashraf B, Howe L, Crawford A, Hemani G, Davey Smith G, Timpson NJ. Is population structure in the genetic biobank era irrelevant, a challenge, or an opportunity? Hum Genet 2020; 139:23-41. [PMID: 31030318 PMCID: PMC6942007 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Replicable genetic association signals have consistently been found through genome-wide association studies in recent years. The recent dramatic expansion of study sizes improves power of estimation of effect sizes, genomic prediction, causal inference, and polygenic selection, but it simultaneously increases susceptibility of these methods to bias due to subtle population structure. Standard methods using genetic principal components to correct for structure might not always be appropriate and we use a simulation study to illustrate when correction might be ineffective for avoiding biases. New methods such as trans-ethnic modeling and chromosome painting allow for a richer understanding of the relationship between traits and population structure. We illustrate the arguments using real examples (stroke and educational attainment) and provide a more nuanced understanding of population structure, which is set to be revisited as a critical aspect of future analyses in genetic epidemiology. We also make simple recommendations for how problems can be avoided in the future. Our results have particular importance for the implementation of GWAS meta-analysis, for prediction of traits, and for causal inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel John Lawson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Neil Martin Davies
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Simon Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Bilal Ashraf
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Laurence Howe
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrew Crawford
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Nicholas John Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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12
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Clark H, Granell R, Curtin JA, Belgrave D, Simpson A, Murray C, Henderson AJ, Custovic A, Paternoster L. Differential associations of allergic disease genetic variants with developmental profiles of eczema, wheeze and rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1475-1486. [PMID: 31441980 PMCID: PMC6899469 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases (eczema, wheeze and rhinitis) in children often present as heterogeneous phenotypes. Understanding genetic associations of specific patterns of symptoms might facilitate understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms. OBJECTIVE To examine associations between allergic disease-related variants identified in a recent genome-wide association study and latent classes of allergic diseases (LCADs) in two population-based birth cohorts. METHODS Eight previously defined LCADs between birth and 11 years: "No disease," "Atopic march," "Persistent eczema and wheeze," "Persistent eczema with later-onset rhinitis," "Persistent wheeze with later-onset rhinitis," "Transient wheeze," "Eczema only" and "Rhinitis only" were used as the study outcome. Weighted multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate associations between 135 SNPs (and a polygenic risk score, PRS) and LCADs among 6345 individuals from The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Heterogeneity across LCADs was assessed before and after Bonferroni correction. Results were replicated in Manchester Asthma and Allergy Study (MAAS) (n = 896) and pooled in a meta-analysis. RESULTS We found strong evidence for differential genetic associations across the LCADs; pooled PRS heterogeneity P-value = 3.3 × 10-14 , excluding "no disease" class. The associations between the PRS and LCADs in MAAS were remarkably similar to ALSPAC. Two SNPs (a protein-truncating variant in FLG and a SNP within an intron of GSDMB) had evidence for differential association (pooled P-values ≤ 0.006). The FLG locus was differentially associated across LCADs that included eczema, with stronger associations for LCADs with comorbid wheeze and rhinitis. The GSDMB locus in contrast was equally associated across LCADs that included wheeze. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We have shown complex, but distinct patterns of genetic associations with LCADs, suggesting that heterogeneous mechanisms underlie individual disease trajectories. Establishing the combination of allergic diseases with which each genetic variant is associated may inform therapeutic development and/or predictive modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Clark
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU)Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Raquel Granell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU)Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - John A. Curtin
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Danielle Belgrave
- Section of PaediatricsDepartment of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Angela Simpson
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Clare Murray
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - A. John Henderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU)Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Adnan Custovic
- Section of PaediatricsDepartment of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU)Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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