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Rothen DA, Dutta SK, Krenger PS, Pardini A, Vogt ACS, Josi R, Lieknina I, Osterhaus ADME, Mohsen MO, Vogel M, Martina B, Tars K, Bachmann MF. Preclinical Development of a Novel Zika Virus-like Particle Vaccine in Combination with Tetravalent Dengue Virus-like Particle Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:1053. [PMID: 39340083 PMCID: PMC11435730 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12091053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Declared as a Public Health Emergency in 2016 by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Zika virus (ZIKV) continues to cause outbreaks that are linked to increased neurological complications. Transmitted mainly by Aedes mosquitoes, the virus is spread mostly amongst several tropical regions with the potential of territorial expansion due to environmental and ecological changes. The ZIKV envelope protein's domain III, crucial for vaccine development due to its role in receptor binding and neutralizing antibody targeting, was integrated into sterically optimized AP205 VLPs to create an EDIII-based VLP vaccine. To increase the potential size of domains that can be accommodated by AP205, two AP205 monomers were fused into a dimer, resulting in 90 rather than 180 N-/C- termini amenable for fusion. EDIII displayed on AP205 VLPs has several immunological advantages, like a repetitive surface, a size of 20-200 nm (another PASP), and packaged bacterial RNA as adjuvants (a natural toll-like receptor 7/8 ligand). In this study, we evaluated a novel vaccine candidate for safety and immunogenicity in mice, demonstrating its ability to induce high-affinity, ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies without significant disease-enhancing properties. Due to the close genetical and structural characteristics, the same mosquito vectors, and the same ecological niche of the dengue virus and Zika virus, a vaccine covering all four Dengue viruses (DENV) serotypes as well as ZIKV would be of significant interest. We co-formulated the ZIKV vaccine with recently developed DENV vaccines based on the same AP205 VLP platform and tested the vaccine mix in a murine model. This combinatory vaccine effectively induced a strong humoral immune response and neutralized all five targeted viruses after two doses, with no significant antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) observed. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of the AP205 VLP-based combinatory vaccine as a promising approach for providing broad protection against DENV and ZIKV infections. Further investigations and preclinical studies are required to advance this vaccine candidate toward potential use in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik A. Rothen
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Pascal S. Krenger
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Pardini
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Cathrine S. Vogt
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Romano Josi
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ilva Lieknina
- Latvian Biomedical Research & Study Centre, Ratsupites iela 1, 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mona O. Mohsen
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Byron Martina
- Artemis Bio-Services, 2629 JD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian Biomedical Research & Study Centre, Ratsupites iela 1, 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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Rothen DA, Dutta SK, Krenger PS, Vogt ACS, Lieknina I, Sobczak JM, Osterhaus ADME, Mohsen MO, Vogel M, Martina B, Tars K, Bachmann MF. Preclinical Evaluation of Novel Sterically Optimized VLP-Based Vaccines against All Four DENV Serotypes. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:874. [PMID: 39204000 PMCID: PMC11359203 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, dengue fever has emerged as a significant global health threat, affecting tropical and moderate climate regions. Current vaccines have practical limitations, there is a strong need for safer, more effective options. This study introduces novel vaccine candidates covering all four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes using virus-like particles (VLPs), a proven vaccine platform. The dengue virus envelope protein domain III (EDIII), the primary target of DENV-neutralizing antibodies, was either genetically fused or chemically coupled to bacteriophage-derived AP205-VLPs. To facilitate the incorporation of the large EDIII domain, AP205 monomers were dimerized, resulting in sterically optimized VLPs with 90 N- and C-termini. These vaccines induced high-affinity/avidity antibody titers in mice, and confirmed their protective potential by neutralizing different DENV serotypes in vitro. Administration of a tetravalent vaccine induced high neutralizing titers against all four serotypes without producing enhancing antibodies, at least not against DENV2. In conclusion, the vaccine candidates, especially when administered in a combined fashion, exhibit intriguing properties for potential use in the field, and exploring the possibility of conducting a preclinical challenge model to verify protection would be a logical next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik A. Rothen
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.F.B.)
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Pascal S. Krenger
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.F.B.)
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Cathrine S. Vogt
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.F.B.)
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ilva Lieknina
- Latvian Biomedical Research & Study Centre, Ratsupites iela 1, LV 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jan M. Sobczak
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.F.B.)
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mona O. Mohsen
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.F.B.)
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.F.B.)
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian Biomedical Research & Study Centre, Ratsupites iela 1, LV 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland (M.F.B.)
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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Pathak B, Chakarvarty A, Rani NV, Krishnan A. Serological immune biomarker for disease severity in dengue-infected pediatric hospitalized patients. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29779. [PMID: 38975640 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Clinical manifestation of dengue disease ranges from asymptomatic, febrile fever without warning sign (DOS) to serious outcome dengue with warning sign (DWS) and severe disease (SD) leading to shock syndrome and death. The role of antibody response in natural dengue infection is complex and not completely understood. Here, we aimed to assess serological marker for disease severity. Antibody response of dengue-confirmed pediatric patients with acute secondary infection were evaluated against infecting virus, immature virus, and recombinant envelop protein. Immature virus antibody titers were significantly higher in DWS as compared to DOS (p = 0.0006). However, antibody titers against recombinant envelop protein were higher in DOS as compared to DWS, and antibody avidity was significantly higher against infecting virus in DOS. Serum samples of DOS patients displayed higher in vitro neutralization potential in plaque assay as compared to DWS, whereas DWS serum samples showed higher antibody-dependent enhancement in the in vitro enhancement assays. Thus, antibodies targeting immature virus can predict disease severity and could be used in early forecast of disease outcome using an enzyme-linked immunoassay assay system which is less laborious and cheaper than plaque assay system for correlates of protection and could help optimize medical care and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Pathak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Chakarvarty
- Department of Paediatrics, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Paediatrics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | | | - Anuja Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Sobczak JM, Barkovska I, Balke I, Rothen DA, Mohsen MO, Skrastina D, Ogrina A, Martina B, Jansons J, Bogans J, Vogel M, Bachmann MF, Zeltins A. Identifying Key Drivers of Efficient B Cell Responses: On the Role of T Help, Antigen-Organization, and Toll-like Receptor Stimulation for Generating a Neutralizing Anti-Dengue Virus Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:661. [PMID: 38932390 PMCID: PMC11209419 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
T help (Th), stimulation of toll-like receptors (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs), and antigen organization and repetitiveness (pathogen-associated structural patterns, PASPs) were shown numerous times to be important in driving B-cell and antibody responses. In this study, we dissected the individual contributions of these parameters using newly developed "Immune-tag" technology. As model antigens, we used eGFP and the third domain of the dengue virus 1 envelope protein (DV1 EDIII), the major target of virus-neutralizing antibodies. The respective proteins were expressed alone or genetically fused to the N-terminal fragment of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) capsid protein-nCMV, rendering the antigens oligomeric. In a step-by-step manner, RNA was attached as a PAMP, and/or a universal Th-cell epitope was genetically added for additional Th. Finally, a PASP was added to the constructs by displaying the antigens highly organized and repetitively on the surface of CMV-derived virus-like particles (CuMV VLPs). Sera from immunized mice demonstrated that each component contributed stepwise to the immunogenicity of both proteins. All components combined in the CuMV VLP platform induced by far the highest antibody responses. In addition, the DV1 EDIII induced high levels of DENV-1-neutralizing antibodies only if displayed on VLPs. Thus, combining multiple cues typically associated with viruses results in optimal antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Sobczak
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irena Barkovska
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ina Balke
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Dominik A. Rothen
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mona O. Mohsen
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dace Skrastina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anete Ogrina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Byron Martina
- Artemis Bioservices, 2629 JD Delft, The Netherlands;
- Protinhi Therapeutics, 6534 AT Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Juris Jansons
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Janis Bogans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andris Zeltins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
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Singh T, Miller IG, Venkatayogi S, Webster H, Heimsath HJ, Eudailey JA, Dudley DM, Kumar A, Mangan RJ, Thein A, Aliota MT, Newman CM, Mohns MS, Breitbach ME, Berry M, Friedrich TC, Wiehe K, O'Connor DH, Permar SR. Prior dengue virus serotype 3 infection modulates subsequent plasmablast responses to Zika virus infection in rhesus macaques. mBio 2024; 15:e0316023. [PMID: 38349142 PMCID: PMC10936420 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03160-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunodominant and highly conserved flavivirus envelope proteins can trigger cross-reactive IgG antibodies against related flaviviruses, which shapes subsequent protection or disease severity. This study examined how prior dengue serotype 3 (DENV-3) infection affects subsequent Zika virus (ZIKV) plasmablast responses in rhesus macaques (n = 4). We found that prior DENV-3 infection was not associated with diminished ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies or magnitude of plasmablast activation. Rather, characterization of 363 plasmablasts and their derivative 177 monoclonal antibody supernatants from acute ZIKV infection revealed that prior DENV-3 infection was associated with a differential isotype distribution toward IgG, lower somatic hypermutation, and lesser B cell receptor variable gene diversity as compared with repeat ZIKV challenge. We did not find long-lasting DENV-3 cross-reactive IgG after a ZIKV infection but did find persistent ZIKV-binding cross-reactive IgG after a DENV-3 infection, suggesting non-reciprocal cross-reactive immunity. Infection with ZIKV after DENV-3 boosted pre-existing DENV-3-neutralizing antibodies by two- to threefold, demonstrating immune imprinting. These findings suggest that the order of DENV and ZIKV infections has impact on the quality of early B cell immunity which has implications for optimal immunization strategies. IMPORTANCE The Zika virus epidemic of 2015-2016 in the Americas revealed that this mosquito-transmitted virus could be congenitally transmitted during pregnancy and cause birth defects in newborns. Currently, there are no interventions to mitigate this disease and Zika virus is likely to re-emerge. Understanding how protective antibody responses are generated against Zika virus can help in the development of a safe and effective vaccine. One main challenge is that Zika virus co-circulates with related viruses like dengue, such that prior exposure to one can generate cross-reactive antibodies against the other which may enhance infection and disease from the second virus. In this study, we sought to understand how prior dengue virus infection impacts subsequent immunity to Zika virus by single-cell sequencing of antibody producing cells in a second Zika virus infection. Identifying specific qualities of Zika virus immunity that are modulated by prior dengue virus immunity will enable optimal immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Singh
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Sravani Venkatayogi
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Helen Webster
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Holly J. Heimsath
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Josh A. Eudailey
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Dawn M. Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Riley J. Mangan
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amelia Thein
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christina M. Newman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mariel S. Mohns
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Meghan E. Breitbach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Madison Berry
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David H. O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
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Krenger PS, Josi R, Sobczak J, Velazquez TLC, Balke I, Skinner MA, Kramer MF, Scott CJW, Hewings S, Heath MD, Zeltins A, Bachmann MF. Influence of antigen density and TLR ligands on preclinical efficacy of a VLP-based vaccine against peanut allergy. Allergy 2024; 79:184-199. [PMID: 37815010 DOI: 10.1111/all.15897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virus-like particle (VLP) Peanut is a novel immunotherapeutic vaccine candidate for the treatment of peanut allergy. The active pharmaceutical ingredient represents cucumber mosaic VLPs (CuMVTT -VLPs) that are genetically fused with one of the major peanut allergens, Ara h 2 (CuMVTT -Ara h 2). We previously demonstrated the immunogenicity and the protective capacity of VLP Peanut-based immunization in a murine model for peanut allergy. Moreover, a Phase I clinical trial has been initiated using VLP Peanut material manufactured following a GMP-compliant manufacturing process. Key product characterization studies were undertaken here to understand the role and contribution of critical quality attributes that translate as predictive markers of immunogenicity and protective efficacy for clinical vaccine development. METHOD The role of prokaryotic RNA encapsulated within VLP Peanut on vaccine immunogenicity was assessed by producing a VLP Peanut batch with a reduced RNA content (VLP Peanut low RNA). Immunogenicity and peanut allergen challenge studies were conducted with VLP Peanut low RNA, as well as with VLP Peanut in WT and TLR 7 KO mice. Furthermore, mass spectrometry and SDS-PAGE based methods were used to determine Ara h 2 antigen density on the surface of VLP Peanut particles. This methodology was subsequently applied to investigate the relationship between Ara h 2 antigen density and immunogenicity of VLP Peanut. RESULTS A TLR 7 dependent formation of Ara h 2 specific high-avidity IgG antibodies, as well as a TLR 7 dependent change in the dominant IgG subclass, was observed following VLP Peanut vaccination, while total allergen-specific IgG remained relatively unaffected. Consistently, a missing TLR 7 signal caused only a weak decrease in allergen tolerability after vaccination. In contrast, a reduced RNA content for VLP Peanut resulted in diminished total Ara h 2 specific IgG responses, followed by a significant impairment in peanut allergen tolerability. The discrepant effect on allergen tolerance caused by an absent TLR 7 signal versus a reduced RNA content is explained by the observation that VLP Peanut-derived RNA not only stimulates TLR 7 but also TLR 3. Additionally, a strong correlation was observed between the number of Ara h 2 antigens displayed on the surface of VLP Peanut particles and the vaccine's immunogenicity and protective capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that prokaryotic RNA encapsulated within VLP Peanut, including antigen density of Ara h 2 on viral particles, are key contributors to the immunogenicity and protective capacity of the vaccine. Thus, antigenicity and RNA content are two critical quality attributes that need to be determined at the stage of manufacturing, providing robust information regarding the immunogenicity and protective capacity of VLP Peanut in the mouse which has translational relevance to the human setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal S Krenger
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Romano Josi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Sobczak
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ina Balke
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Matthias F Kramer
- Allergy Therapeutics (UK) Ltd, Worthing, UK
- Bencard Allergie GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Andris Zeltins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
- Saiba AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology (CCMP), The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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7
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Dolbec D, Lehoux M, de Beauville AA, Zahn A, Di Noia JM, Segura M. Unmutated but T cell dependent IgM antibodies targeting Streptococcus suis play an essential role in bacterial clearance. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011957. [PMID: 38241393 PMCID: PMC10829992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important encapsulated bacterial swine pathogen and zoonotic agent for which no effective vaccine exists. The interaction with B cells and the humoral response against S. suis are poorly understood despite their likely relevance for a potential vaccine. We evaluated germinal center (GC) B cell kinetics, as well as the production and role of S. suis-specific antibodies following infections in a mouse model. We found that mice infected with S. suis developed GC that peaked 13-21 days post-infection. GC further increased and persisted upon periodic reinfection that mimics real life conditions in swine farms. Anti-S. suis IgM and several IgG subclasses were produced, but antibodies against the S. suis capsular polysaccharide (CPS) were largely IgM. Interestingly, depletion of total IgG from the wild-type mice sera had no effect on bacterial killing by opsonophagocytosis in vitro. Somatic hypermutation and isotype switching were dispensable for controlling the infection or anti-CPS IgM production. However, T cell-deficient (Tcrb-/-) mice were unable to control bacteremia, produce optimal anti-CPS IgM titers, or elicit antibodies with opsonophagocytic activity. SAP deficiency, which prevents GC formation but not extrafollicular B cell responses, ablated anti S. suis-IgG production but maintained IgM production and eliminated the infection. In contrast, B cell deficient mice were unable to control bacteremia. Collectively, our results indicate that the antibody response plays a large role in immunity against S. suis, with GC-independent but T cell-dependent germline IgM being the major effective antibody specificities. Our results further highlight the importance IgM, and potentially anti-CPS antibodies, in clearing S. suis infections and provide insight for future development of S. suis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Dolbec
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Lehoux
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexis Asselin de Beauville
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Astrid Zahn
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Quebec, Canada
| | - Javier Marcelo Di Noia
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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8
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Côrtes N, Lira A, Prates-Syed W, Dinis Silva J, Vuitika L, Cabral-Miranda W, Durães-Carvalho R, Balan A, Cabral-Marques O, Cabral-Miranda G. Integrated control strategies for dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya virus infections. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281667. [PMID: 38196945 PMCID: PMC10775689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are a major threat to public health in tropical regions, encompassing over 534 distinct species, with 134 capable of causing diseases in humans. These viruses are transmitted through arthropod vectors that cause symptoms such as fever, headache, joint pains, and rash, in addition to more serious cases that can lead to death. Among the arboviruses, dengue virus stands out as the most prevalent, annually affecting approximately 16.2 million individuals solely in the Americas. Furthermore, the re-emergence of the Zika virus and the recurrent outbreaks of chikungunya in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, with one million cases reported annually, underscore the urgency of addressing this public health challenge. In this manuscript we discuss the epidemiology, viral structure, pathogenicity and integrated control strategies to combat arboviruses, and the most used tools, such as vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, treatment, etc., in addition to presenting future perspectives for the control of arboviruses. Currently, specific medications for treating arbovirus infections are lacking, and symptom management remains the primary approach. However, promising advancements have been made in certain treatments, such as Chloroquine, Niclosamide, and Isatin derivatives, which have demonstrated notable antiviral properties against these arboviruses in vitro and in vivo experiments. Additionally, various strategies within vector control approaches have shown significant promise in reducing arbovirus transmission rates. These encompass public education initiatives, targeted insecticide applications, and innovative approaches like manipulating mosquito bacterial symbionts, such as Wolbachia. In conclusion, combatting the global threat of arbovirus diseases needs a comprehensive approach integrating antiviral research, vaccination, and vector control. The continued efforts of research communities, alongside collaborative partnerships with public health authorities, are imperative to effectively address and mitigate the impact of these arboviral infections on public health worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Côrtes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology of the University of São Paulo, the Butantan Institute and the Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Lira
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology of the University of São Paulo, the Butantan Institute and the Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wasim Prates-Syed
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology of the University of São Paulo, the Butantan Institute and the Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Dinis Silva
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Graduate Program in Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Vuitika
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Durães-Carvalho
- São Paulo School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Balan
- The Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology of the University of São Paulo, the Butantan Institute and the Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Applied Structural Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Graduate Program in Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Cabral-Miranda
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology of the University of São Paulo, the Butantan Institute and the Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Graduate Program in Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Latifi T, Jalilvand S, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Arashkia A, Kachooei A, Afchangi A, Zafarian S, Roohvand F, Shoja Z. Characterization and immunogenicity of a novel chimeric hepatitis B core-virus like particles (cVLPs) carrying rotavirus VP8*protein in mice model. Virology 2023; 588:109903. [PMID: 37832344 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Given the efficacy and safety issues of the WHO for approved/prequalified live attenuated rotavirus (RV) vaccines, studies on alternative non-replicating modals and proper RV antigens are actively undertaken. Herein, we report the novel chimeric hepatitis B core-virus like particles (VLPs) carrying RV VP8*26-231 protein of a P [8] strain (cVLPVP8*), as a parenteral VLP RV vaccine candidate. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analyses indicated the expected size of the E. coli-derived HBc-VP8* protein that self-assembled to cVLPVP8* particles. Immunization in mice indicated development of higher levels of IgG and IgA as well as higher IgG1/IgG2a ratios by cVLPVP8* vaccination compared to the VP8* alone. Assessment of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) indicated development of heterotypic nAbs with cross-reactivity to a heterotypic RV strain by cVLPVP8* immunization compared to VP8* alone. The observed anti-VP8* cross-reactivity might indicate the possibility of developing a Pan-genomic RVA vaccine based on the cVLPVP8* formulation that deserves further challenge studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Latifi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Golsaz-Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Kachooei
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Afchangi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Zafarian
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbial Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Roohvand
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Shoja
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Tsai JJ, Tsai CY, Lin PC, Chen CH, Tsai WY, Dai YC, Lin YC, Pedroso C, Brites C, Wang WK. Comparing the performance of dengue virus IgG and IgG-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in seroprevalence study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:301. [PMID: 37158835 PMCID: PMC10165301 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) is the leading cause of arboviral diseases in humans worldwide. Currently Dengvaxia, the first dengue vaccine licensed in 20 countries, was recommended for DENV seropositive individuals aged 9-45 years. Studying dengue seroprevalence can improve our understanding of the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of DENV, and facilitate future intervention strategies and assessment of vaccine efficacy. Several DENV envelope protein-based serological tests including IgG and IgG-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been employed in seroprevalence studies. Previously DENV IgG-capture ELISA was reported to distinguish primary and secondary DENV infections during early convalescence, however, its performance over time and in seroprevalence study remains understudied. METHODS In this study, we used well-documented neutralization test- or reverse-transcription-polymerase-chain reaction-confirmed serum/plasma samples including DENV-naïve, primary and secondary DENV, primary West Nile virus, primary Zika virus, and Zika with previous DENV infection panels to compare the performance of three ELISAs. RESULTS The sensitivity of the InBios IgG ELISA was higher than that of InBios IgG-capture and SD IgG-capture ELISAs. The sensitivity of IgG-capture ELISAs was higher for secondary than primary DENV infection panel. Within the secondary DENV infection panel, the sensitivity of InBios IgG-capture ELISA decreased from 77.8% at < 6 months to 41.7% at 1-1.5 years, 28.6% at 2-15 years and 0% at > 20 years (p < 0.001, Cochran-Armitage test for trend), whereas that of IgG ELISA remains 100%. A similar trend was observed for SD IgG-capture ELISA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate higher sensitivity of DENV IgG ELISA than IgG-capture ELISA in seroprevalence study and interpretation of DENV IgG-capture ELISA should take sampling time and primary or secondary DENV infection into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Jin Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chang Lin
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, Zhunan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yang Tsai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yu-Ching Dai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yen-Chia Lin
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Celia Pedroso
- LAPI-Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infectologia-School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Carlos Brites
- LAPI-Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infectologia-School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Wei-Kung Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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11
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da Costa HHM, Orts DJB, Moura AD, Duarte-Neto AN, Cirqueira CS, Réssio RA, Kanamura CT, Miguita K, Ferreira JE, Santos RTM, Adriani PP, Cunha-Junior JP, Astray RM, Catarino RM, Lancelotti M, Prudencio CR. RBD and Spike DNA-Based Immunization in Rabbits Elicited IgG Avidity Maturation and High Neutralizing Antibody Responses against SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2023; 15:555. [PMID: 36851769 PMCID: PMC9959588 DOI: 10.3390/v15020555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are a critical part of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research as they are used to gain insight into the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Among the technologies available for generating nAbs, DNA-based immunization methods are an alternative to conventional protocols. In this pilot study, we investigated whether DNA-based immunization by needle injection in rabbits was a viable approach to produce a functional antibody response. We demonstrated that three doses of DNA plasmid carrying the gene encoding the full-length spike protein (S) or the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 induced a time-dependent increase in IgG antibody avidity maturation. Moreover, the IgG antibodies displayed high cross neutralization by live SARS-CoV-2 and pseudoviruses neutralization assays. Thus, we established a simple, low cost and feasible DNA-based immunization protocol in rabbits that elicited high IgG avidity maturation and nAbs production against SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the importance of DNA-based platforms for developing new immunization strategies against SARS-CoV-2 and future emerging epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan H. M. da Costa
- Immunology Center, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
- Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Diego J. B. Orts
- Immunology Center, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
| | - Andrew D. Moura
- Immunology Center, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo A. Réssio
- Pathology Center, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
| | | | - Karen Miguita
- Pathology Center, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patricia P. Adriani
- Skinzymes Biotechnology Ltd., São Paulo 05441-040, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nanopharmaceuticals and Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Jair P. Cunha-Junior
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Immunotechnology, Department of Immunology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-317, Brazil
| | - Renato M. Astray
- Multi-Purpose Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Lancelotti
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campinas State University, Campinas 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Prudencio
- Immunology Center, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
- Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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12
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Estimating Dengue Transmission Intensity in China Using Catalytic Models Based on Serological Data. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8020116. [PMID: 36828532 PMCID: PMC9967418 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the global incidence of dengue has risen sharply, with more than 75% of infected people showing mild or no symptoms. Since the year 2000, dengue in China has spread quickly. At this stage, there is an urgent need to fully understand its transmission intensity and spread in China. Serological data provide reliable evidence for symptomatic and recessive infections. Through a literature search, we included 23 studies that collected age-specific serological dengue data released from 1980 to 2021 in China. Fitting four catalytic models to these data, we distinguished the transmission mechanisms by deviation information criterion and estimated force of infection and basic reproduction number (R0), important parameters for quantifying transmission intensity. We found that transmission intensity varies over age in most of the study populations, and attenuation of antibody protection is identified in some study populations; the R0 of dengue in China is between 1.04-2.33. Due to the scarceness of the data, the temporal trend cannot be identified, but data shows that transmission intensity weakened from coastal to inland areas and from southern to northern areas in China if assuming it remained temporally steady during the study period. The results should be useful for the effective control of dengue in China.
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13
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Kudryashova AM, Manuylov VA, Murzina AA, Kaira AN, Borisova OV. DYNAMICS IN MATURATION OF SARS-COV-2 RBD-SPECIFIC IGG ANTIBODY AVIDITY DEPENDING ON IMMUNIZATION TIMEFRAME AND TYPE. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2023. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-dim-2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim is to study the dynamics of avidity maturation of IgG antibodies to RBD SARS-CoV-2 depending on the type of immunization (vaccination or infection), as well as on the duration and frequency of immunization.
Materials and methods. The study was performed on two cohort collected at two time of the COVID-19 pandemic. We established a cohort of 87 convalescents from COVID-19 of the pandemic in spring- winter 2020. The second cohort collected in September 2021 from 204 individuals and are represented by two groups.
The first group (n=64) vaccinations with Gam-Covid-Vac and did not report a COVID-19 disease. Hybrid immunity (second group) was achieved after a SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in naive individuals, who had received a two-dose COVID-19 vaccination Gam-Covid-Vac during the spring-summer of 2021.
Results and conclusions. This study allowed to determine the dynamics of avidity maturation IgG antibodies to RBD SARS-CoV-2 associated with the type and order of antigen exposure in the form of vaccination or infection.
In this article, we showed that the most effective immunity is formed in COVID-19 convalescents and then two steps vaccination Sputnik V.
Comparison of "hybrid" immunity individuals with vaccinated and COVID-19 convalescents was shown significantly higher (p0.001) and median level was 228 BAU/ml versus 75 or 119 BAU/ml, and higher level of avidity index (IA 90.5% vs. 54.5 and 76.6, respectively, p0.001).
Comparison immunization COVID-19 convalescents with vaccination a of two Sputnik V vaccination was shown that vaccination leads to higher IgG levels (median values in groups 119 and 75 BAU/ml, p0.001) and to a higher avidity index (76.6% vs. 54.5%).
It should be noted, in patients with "hybrid" immunity, the median level of avidity index was 25% versus 14.8% and 16% in COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinated (p0.001) and in 8 individuals it was higher than 50% in the test with 8M urea as a denaturing agent.
Thus, the more rapid induction of high-avidity antibodies was in vaccination individuals the early stages of immunization (up to 4 months), during the period when IgG maturation has not yet been completed.
Our results showed what during this period vaccination leads to the production of antibodies with avidity index a median level of 82% versus 36% in COVID-19 convalescents the same period.
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14
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Use of Envelope Domain III Protein for the Detection of IgG Type Antibodies Specific to Zika Virus by Indirect ELISA. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030462. [PMID: 36766567 PMCID: PMC9913938 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) diagnostics are crucial for proper antenatal and postnatal care and also for surveillance and serosurvey studies. Since the viremia during ZIKV infection is fleeting, serological testing is highly valuable to inform diagnosis. However, current serology tests using whole virus antigens frequently suffer from cross reactivity issues, delays, and technical complexity, especially in low and middle income countries (LMICs) and endemic countries. Here, we describe an indirect ELISA to detect specific IgG antibodies using the ZIKV envelope domain III (EDIII) protein expressed in Drosophila S2 cells as an immunogen. Using a total of 367 clinical samples, we showed that the EDIII-ELISA was able to detect IgG antibodies against ZIKV with high sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 94.7% when compared to plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) as the gold standard and using 0.208 as the cut-off OD value. These results show the usefulness of the recombinant envelope domain III as an alternative to standard whole virus proteins for ZIKV diagnostics as it improves the sensitivity and specificity of IgG ELISA assay when used as an immunogen. This method should, therefore, be extended to serological diagnostic techniques for other members of the flavivirus genus and for use in IgM diagnostic testing.
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15
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Vo HTM, Upasani V, Auerswald H, Lay S, Sann S, Vanderlinden A, Ken S, Sorn S, Ly S, Duong V, Dussart P, Cantaert T. Temporal patterns of functional anti-dengue antibodies in dengue infected individuals with different disease outcome or infection history. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17863. [PMID: 36284116 PMCID: PMC9596418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotypic secondary dengue virus (DENV) infection is a risk factor for the development of severe disease. To assess the contribution of the developing polyclonal humoral immune response to the course of acute infection, we have determined anti-DENV IgG titers, neutralizing antibodies, percentages of antibodies binding to DENV-infected cells and antibody‑dependent enhancement (ADE) to the infecting serotype in DENV-infected Cambodian children (n = 58), ranging from asymptomatic dengue to severe disease. The results showed that ADE titers are highest against the infecting serotype during heterotypic secondary DENV-2 infection. Moreover, IgG titers, neutralizing antibodies and ADE titers against the infecting serotype peak at D10 and are maintained until D60 after laboratory-confirmed secondary DENV infection. Anti-DENV IgG titers and the magnitude of the functional antibody response were higher in secondary DENV-infected patients compared to primary infected patients. No differences in antibody titers, neutralizing or enhancing antibodies could be observed between asymptomatic or hospitalized patients between 6 and 8 days after laboratory-confirmed DENV-1 infection. However, at this time point, the level of IgG bound to DENV-infected cells was associated with disease severity in hospitalized patients. Taken together, our data offer insights for more comprehensive interpretation of antibody response profile to natural infection and its correlation to disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Thi My Vo
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, The Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Vinit Upasani
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, The Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Heidi Auerswald
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, The Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokchea Lay
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, The Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sotheary Sann
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, The Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Axelle Vanderlinden
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, The Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sreymom Ken
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, The Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sopheak Sorn
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, The Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sowath Ly
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, The Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, The Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, The Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- The Pasteur Network, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, The Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
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16
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Thontiravong A, Nedumpun T, Ninvilai P, Tunterak W, Techakriengkrai N, Banlunara W, Suradhat S. Dynamics of cellular and humoral immune responses following duck Tembusu virus infection in ducks. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e1365-e1373. [PMID: 35106944 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), an emerging avian pathogenic flavivirus, causes severe neurological disorders and acute egg drop syndrome in ducks. However, the effects of DTMUV on duck immunological components and functions remain largely unknown. In this study, the dynamics of cellular and humoral immune responses of DTMUV-infected ducks were investigated. The numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T, B and non-T and B lymphocytes as well as the levels of neutralizing antibodies were quantified in parallel with DTMUV loads in blood and target organs. Our results demonstrated that DTMUV infection caused severe losses of non-T and B lymphocyte/myeloid cell subpopulation, and reduction in phagocytic activity during 3-5 days after infection. We also found that the numbers of T and B cells were increased during the first week of DTMUV infection. A significant negative correlation between the levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T, B and non-T and B lymphocytes and viral loads in blood and target organ (spleen) was observed during the early phase of infection. Additionally, DTMUV infection induced an early and robust neutralizing antibody response, which was associated with DTMUV-specific IgM and IgG responses. The presence of neutralizing antibody also correlated with reduction of viremia and viral load in spleen. Overall, DTMUV elicited both cellular and humoral immune responses upon infection, in which the magnitude of these responses was correlated with reduction of viremia and viral loads in the target organ (spleen). The results suggested the critical role of both cellular and humoral immunity against DTMUV infection. This study expands our understanding of the immunological events following DTMUV infection in ducks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aunyaratana Thontiravong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Unit, Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Teerawut Nedumpun
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patchareeporn Ninvilai
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Avian Veterinary Services, CPF (Thailand) Public Company Limited, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wikanda Tunterak
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Navapon Techakriengkrai
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sanipa Suradhat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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17
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Hassan SS, Lundstrom K, Barh D, Silva RJS, Andrade BS, Azevedo V, Choudhury PP, Palu G, Uhal BD, Kandimalla R, Seyran M, Lal A, Sherchan SP, Azad GK, Aljabali AAA, Brufsky AM, Serrano-Aroca Á, Adadi P, Abd El-Aziz TM, Redwan EM, Takayama K, Rezaei N, Tambuwala M, Uversky VN. Implications derived from S-protein variants of SARS-CoV-2 from six continents. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:934-955. [PMID: 34571123 PMCID: PMC8462006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The spike (S) protein is a critical determinant of the infectivity and antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2. Several mutations in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 have already been detected, and their effect in immune system evasion and enhanced transmission as a cause of increased morbidity and mortality are being investigated. From pathogenic and epidemiological perspectives, S proteins are of prime interest to researchers. This study focused on the unique variants of S proteins from six continents: Asia, Africa, Europe, Oceania, South America, and North America. In comparison to the other five continents, Africa had the highest percentage of unique S proteins (29.1%). The phylogenetic relationship implies that unique S proteins from North America are significantly different from those of the other five continents. They are most likely to spread to the other geographic locations through international travel or naturally by emerging mutations. It is suggested that restriction of international travel should be considered, and massive vaccination as an utmost measure to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is also further suggested that the efficacy of existing vaccines and future vaccine development must be reviewed with careful scrutiny, and if needed, further re-engineered based on requirements dictated by new emerging S protein variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Sarif Hassan
- Department of Mathematics, Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya, Maligram, Paschim Medinipur 721140, West Bengal, India.
| | | | - Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, WB, India; Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Raner Jośe Santana Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences (DCB), Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGGBM), State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Ilheus-Itabuna, km 16, 45662-900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil
| | - Bruno Silva Andrade
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB), Jequié 45206-190, Brazil.
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laborat'orio de Geńetica Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Genetica, Ecologia e Evolucao, Instituto de Ciˆencias Biol'ogicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Pabitra Pal Choudhury
- Applied Statistics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B T Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Giorgio Palu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Bruce D Uhal
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Murat Seyran
- Doctoral Studies in Natural and Technical Sciences (SPL 44), University of Vienna, W¨ahringer Straße, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Amos Lal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samendra P Sherchan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | | | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Irbid 566, Jordan.
| | - Adam M Brufsky
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigaci'on Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Cat́olica de Valencia San Vicente Ḿartir, c/Guillem de Castro, 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Parise Adadi
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Science, King Abdulazizi University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Murtaza Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy pereulok, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia.
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18
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Katzelnick LC, Zambrana JV, Elizondo D, Collado D, Garcia N, Arguello S, Mercado JC, Miranda T, Ampie O, Mercado BL, Narvaez C, Gresh L, Binder RA, Ojeda S, Sanchez N, Plazaola M, Latta K, Schiller A, Coloma J, Carrillo FB, Narvaez F, Halloran ME, Gordon A, Kuan G, Balmaseda A, Harris E. Dengue and Zika virus infections in children elicit cross-reactive protective and enhancing antibodies that persist long term. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabg9478. [PMID: 34613812 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg9478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Katzelnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA.,Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3203, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nadezna Garcia
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Sonia Arguello
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Juan Carlos Mercado
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua.,Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua 16064, Nicaragua
| | | | | | | | - César Narvaez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Raquel A Binder
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA.,Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | | | - Krista Latta
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - Amy Schiller
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - Josefina Coloma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Fausto Bustos Carrillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | | | - M Elizabeth Halloran
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1617, USA.,Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua.,Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua 12014, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua.,Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua 16064, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
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19
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Moura AD, da Costa HHM, Correa VA, de S Lima AK, Lindoso JAL, De Gaspari E, Hong MA, Cunha-Junior JP, Prudencio CR. Assessment of avidity related to IgG subclasses in SARS-CoV-2 Brazilian infected patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17642. [PMID: 34480056 PMCID: PMC8417219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is considered a global emergency, resulting in an exacerbated crisis in the health public in the world. Although there are advances in vaccine development, it is still limited for many countries. On the other hand, an immunological response that mediates protective immunity or indicates that predict disease outcome in SARS-CoV-2 infection remains undefined. This work aimed to assess the antibody levels, avidity, and subclasses of IgG to RBD protein, in symptomatic patients with severe and mild forms of COVID-19 in Brazil using an adapted in-house RBD-IgG ELISA. The RBD IgG-ELISA showed 100% of specificity and 94.3% of sensibility on detecting antibodies in the sera of hospitalized patients. Patients who presented severe COVID-19 had higher anti-RBD IgG levels compared to patients with mild disease. Additionally, most patients analyzed displayed low antibody avidity, with 64.4% of the samples of patients who recovered from the disease and 84.6% of those who died in this avidity range. Our data also reveals an increase of IgG1 and IgG3 levels since the 8th day after symptoms onset, while IgG4 levels maintained less detectable during the study period. Surprisingly, patients who died during 8-14 and 15-21 days also showed higher anti-RBD IgG4 levels in comparison with the recovered (P < 0.05), suggesting that some life-threatening patients can elicit IgG4 to RBD antibody response in the first weeks of symptoms onset. Our findings constitute the effort to clarify IgG antibodies' kinetics, avidity, and subclasses against SARS-CoV-2 RBD in symptomatic patients with COVID-19 in Brazil, highlighting the importance of IgG antibody avidity in association with IgG4 detection as tool laboratory in the follow-up of hospitalized patients with more significant potential for life-threatening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Moura
- Center of Immunology, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Victor A Correa
- Center of Immunology, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José A L Lindoso
- Institute of Infectology Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marisa A Hong
- Center of Immunology, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jair P Cunha-Junior
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Immunotechnology, Department of Immunology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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20
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Bauer G. The potential significance of high avidity immunoglobulin G (IgG) for protective immunity towards SARS-CoV-2. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 106:61-64. [PMID: 33713819 PMCID: PMC7944804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avidity is defined as the strength of binding between immunoglobulin G (IgG) and its specific target epitope. IgG of high avidity is established during affinity maturation. Failure to achieve high avidity IgG may result in a lack of protective immunity towards infection and disease. It is known that the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its cellular receptor is driven by high affinity. Therefore, it is predictable that protective antibodies towards SARS-CoV-2 should show high affinity/avidity. AVIDITY AFTER SARS-COV-2 INFECTION: Recent findings by several groups demonstrate that the serological response towards infection with SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal coronaviruses is characterized by incomplete avidity maturation, followed by a decline of the serological response. This response might facilitate reinfection, prevent herd immunity and potentially allow repeated cycles of infection. CONSEQUENCES FOR VACCINATION TOWARDS SARS-COV-2: Therefore, the sole focus on antibody titers reached after vaccination towards SARS-CoV-2 might not be sufficient to evaluate the degree of achieved protection. Rather, it is suggested to include avidity determination to optimize vaccination protocols and achieve high avidity IgG directed towards SARS-CoV-2 through vaccination. Avidity determination might also be useful to control for truly protective immunity towards SARS-CoV-2 in individual cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Bauer
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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21
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Chikungunya-specific IgG and neutralizing antibody responses in natural infection of Chikungunya virus in children from India. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1913-1920. [PMID: 33907861 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is endemic in many different countries. CHIKV outbreaks are emerging in new areas and re-emerging in previously exposed geographical regions, thus making it a significant public health concern. CHIKV infections are often clinically inapparent, especially in children, which poses a challenge to testing and evaluating any vaccine. During CHIKV infection, CHIKV-specific antibodies are produced, and some of these antibodies can neutralize viruses released from infected cells before they can enter uninfected cells. In this study, we evaluated IgG binding and neutralizing antibody responses in paired serum samples from CHIKV-infected children and those with other febrile illness, using a recombinant truncated E2 protein and whole CHIKV particles as test antigens. Antibody detection using the truncated E2 protein showed a significant overlap between CHIKV-infected subjects and those with other febrile illnesses. This overlap was greater when binding antibody titers were determined using fixed CHIKV particles as the test antigen. Acute- and convalescent-phase sera collected from children after CHIKV infection showed significant differences in their neutralizing capacity. The neutralizing and binding antibody response showed a significant positive correlation. We detected IgG antibodies in most cases during the acute phase of infection. This was observed at two different geographical locations, one of which is not considered highly endemic. Conventional wisdom would suggest this to be a marker of re-infection (secondary infection). However, dissenting opinions have been voiced in other viral diseases (such as Ebola) where studies have detected IgG in acute illness. In the absence of any significant body of work documenting secondary CHIKV infections, we believe further work is needed to understand the early IgG response that we observed.
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22
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Robust Plasma Cell Response to Skin-Inoculated Dengue Virus in Mice. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5511841. [PMID: 33997054 PMCID: PMC8096554 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5511841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a worldwide expanding threat caused by dengue virus (DENV) infection. To date, no specific treatment or effective vaccine is available. Antibodies produced by plasma cells (PCs) might be involved concomitantly in protection and severe dengue immunopathology. Although a massive appearance of PCs has been reported during acute DENV infection in humans, this response has been poorly characterized. Here, we show the dynamic of PC generation in immune-competent mice cutaneously inoculated with DENV compared with two control experimental groups: mice inoculated with inactivated DENV or with PBS. We found that PC numbers increased significantly in the skin-draining lymph node (DLN), peaking at day 10 and abruptly decreasing by day 14 after DENV inoculation. Class-switched IgG+ PCs appeared from day 7 and dominated the response, while in contrast, the frequency of IgM+ PCs decreased from day 7 onwards. Even though the kinetic of the response was similar between DENV- and iDENV-inoculated mice, the intensity of the response was significantly different. Interestingly, we demonstrated a similar PC response to virus antigens (E and prM) by ELISPOT. In situ characterization showed that PCs were distributed in the medullary cords and in close proximity to germinal centers (GCs), suggesting both an extrafollicular and a GC origin. Proliferating PCs (Ki-67+) were found as early as 3-day postinoculation, and in-depth analysis showed that these PCs were in active phases of cell cycle during the kinetic. Finally, we found a progressive appearance of high-affinity neutralizing DENV-specific IgG further supporting GC involvement. Of note, these antibodies seem to be highly cross-reactive, as a large proportion recognizes Zika virus (ZIKV). The strong PC response to skin-inoculated DENV in this work resembles the findings already described in humans. We consider that this study contributes to the understanding of the in vivo biology of the humoral immune response to DENV in an immunocompetent murine model.
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23
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Galula JU, Salem GM, Destura RV, Remenyi R, Chao DY. Comparable Accuracies of Nonstructural Protein 1- and Envelope Protein-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays in Detecting Anti-Dengue Immunoglobulin G Antibodies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11050741. [PMID: 33919324 PMCID: PMC8143319 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dengue virus (DENV) infection remains a global public health concern. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), which detect antibodies targeting the envelope (E) protein of DENV, serve as the front-line serological test for presumptive dengue diagnosis. Very few studies have determined the serostatus by detecting antibodies targeting the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), which can function as diagnostic biomarkers to distinguish natural immunity from vaccine-induced immunity. Methods: We used community-acquired human serum specimens, with the serostatus confirmed by focus reduction microneutralization test (FRμNT), to evaluate the diagnostic performances of two NS1-based ELISA methods, namely, immunoglobulin G antibody-capture ELISA (NS1 GAC–ELISA) and indirect NS1 IgG ELISA, and compared the results with an E-based virus-like particle (VLP) GAC–ELISA. Results: NS1-based methods had comparable accuracies as VLP GAC–ELISA. Although the sensitivity in detecting anti-NS1 IgM was poor, indirect NS1 IgG ELISA showed similar limits of detection (~1–2 ng/mL) as NS1 GAC–ELISA in detecting anti-NS1 IgG. Combining the results from two or more tests as a composite reference standard can determine the DENV serostatus with a specificity reaching 100%. Conclusion: NS1-based ELISAs have comparable accuracies as VLP GAC–ELISA in determining dengue serostatus, which could effectively assist clinicians during assessments of vaccine eligibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedhan Ucat Galula
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.U.G.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Gielenny M. Salem
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.U.G.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Raul V. Destura
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines;
| | - Roland Remenyi
- Biomedical Research Unit, Clinical and Translational Research Institute, The Medical City, Pasig 1605, Philippines;
| | - Day-Yu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.U.G.); (G.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22840694
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24
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Alexander LW, Ben-Shachar R, Katzelnick LC, Kuan G, Balmaseda A, Harris E, Boots M. Boosting can explain patterns of fluctuations of ratios of inapparent to symptomatic dengue virus infections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2013941118. [PMID: 33811138 PMCID: PMC8040803 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013941118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease worldwide, and the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes circulate endemically in many tropical and subtropical regions. Numerous studies have shown that the majority of DENV infections are inapparent, and that the ratio of inapparent to symptomatic infections (I/S) fluctuates substantially year-to-year. For example, in the ongoing Pediatric Dengue Cohort Study (PDCS) in Nicaragua, which was established in 2004, the I/S ratio has varied from 16.5:1 in 2006-2007 to 1.2:1 in 2009-2010. However, the mechanisms explaining these large fluctuations are not well understood. We hypothesized that in dengue-endemic areas, frequent boosting (i.e., exposures to DENV that do not lead to extensive viremia and result in a less than fourfold rise in antibody titers) of the immune response can be protective against symptomatic disease, and this can explain fluctuating I/S ratios. We formulate mechanistic epidemiologic models to examine the epidemiologic effects of protective homologous and heterologous boosting of the antibody response in preventing subsequent symptomatic DENV infection. We show that models that include frequent boosts that protect against symptomatic disease can recover the fluctuations in the I/S ratio that we observe, whereas a classic model without boosting cannot. Furthermore, we show that a boosting model can recover the inverse relationship between the number of symptomatic cases and the I/S ratio observed in the PDCS. These results highlight the importance of robust dengue control efforts, as intermediate dengue control may have the potential to decrease the protective effects of boosting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rotem Ben-Shachar
- Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Leah C Katzelnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, 12014 Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, 14007 Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, 14007 Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, 16064 Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Mike Boots
- Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9EZ, United Kingdom
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25
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Bauer G, Struck F, Schreiner P, Staschik E, Soutschek E, Motz M. The challenge of avidity determination in SARS-CoV-2 serology. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3092-3104. [PMID: 33565617 PMCID: PMC8013859 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The serological responses towards severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) nucleoprotein, receptor‐binding domain (RBD), and spike protein S1 are characterized by incomplete avidity maturation. Analysis with varying concentrations of urea allows to determine distinct differences in avidity maturation, though the total process remains at an unusually low level. Despite incomplete avidity maturation, this approach allows to define early and late stages of infection. It therefore can compensate for the recently described irregular kinetic patterns of immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G (IgG) directed towards SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens. The serological responses towards seasonal coronaviruses neither have a negative nor positive impact on SARS‐CoV‐2 serology in general. Avidity determination in combination with measurement of antibody titers and complexity of the immune response allows to clearly differentiate between IgG responses towards seasonal coronaviruses and SARS‐CoV‐2. Cross‐reactions seem to occur with very low probability. They can be recognized by their pattern of response and through differential treatment with urea. As high avidity has been shown to be essential in several virus systems for the protective effect of neutralizing antibodies, it should be clarified whether high avidity of IgG directed towards RBD indicates protective immunity. If this is the case, monitoring of avidity should be part of the optimization of vaccination programs. Avidity maturation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) towards severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) antigens is distinct, but incomplete in most cases
Nevertheless, avidity determination allows to differentiate between acute and past SARS CoV‐infection
Avidity maturation is instrumental for differentiation between IgG responses towards SARS‐CoV‐2 and seasonal coronaviruses
It is suggested to clarify whether high avidity is required for and indicative of protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Bauer
- Institute of VirologyMedical Center, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
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26
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Tsuji I, Dominguez D, Egan MA, Dean HJ. Development of a novel assay to assess the avidity of dengue virus-specific antibodies elicited in response to a tetravalent dengue vaccine. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:1533-1544. [PMID: 33534885 PMCID: PMC9071338 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody affinity maturation is a critical step in development of functional antiviral immunity; however, accurate measurement of affinity maturation of polyclonal serum antibody responses to particulate antigens such as virions is challenging. We describe a novel avidity assay employing biolayer interferometry and dengue virus-like particles. After validation using anti-dengue monoclonal antibodies, the assay was used to assess avidity of antibody responses to a tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate (TAK-003) in children, adolescents, and adults during two phase 2 clinical trials conducted in dengue-endemic regions. Vaccination increased avidity index and avidity remained high through 1 year postvaccination. Neutralizing antibody titers and avidity index did not correlate overall; however, a correlation was observed between neutralizing antibody titer and avidity index in those subjects with the highest degree of antibody affinity maturation. Therefore, vaccination with TAK-003 stimulates polyclonal affinity maturation and functional antibody responses, including neutralizing antibodies.
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27
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Yamayoshi S, Yasuhara A, Ito M, Akasaka O, Nakamura M, Nakachi I, Koga M, Mitamura K, Yagi K, Maeda K, Kato H, Nojima M, Pattinson D, Ogura T, Baba R, Fujita K, Nagai H, Yamamoto S, Saito M, Adachi E, Ochi J, Hattori SI, Suzuki T, Miyazato Y, Chiba S, Okuda M, Murakami J, Hamabata T, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Nakajima H, Mitsuya H, Omagari N, Sugaya N, Yotsuyanagi H, Kawaoka Y. Antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 decline, but do not disappear for several months. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 32:100734. [PMID: 33589882 PMCID: PMC7877219 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop an effective vaccine against a novel viral pathogen, it is important to understand the longitudinal antibody responses against its first infection. Here we performed a longitudinal study of antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic patients. METHODS Sequential blood samples were collected from 39 individuals at various timepoints between 0 and 154 days after onset. IgG or IgM titers to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the S protein, the ectodomain of the S protein, and the N protein were determined by using an ELISA. Neutralizing antibody titers were measured by using a plaque reduction assay. FINDINGS The IgG titers to the RBD of the S protein, the ectodomain of the S protein, and the N protein peaked at about 20 days after onset, gradually decreased thereafter, and were maintained for several months after onset. Extrapolation modeling analysis suggested that the IgG antibodies were maintained for this amount of time because the rate of reduction slowed after 30 days post-onset. IgM titers to the RBD decreased rapidly and disappeared in some individuals after 90 days post-onset. All patients, except one, possessed neutralizing antibodies against authentic SARS-CoV-2, which they retained at 90 days after onset. The highest antibody titers in patients with severe infections were higher than those in patients with mild or moderate infections, but the decrease in antibody titer in the severe infection cohort was more remarkable than that in the mild or moderate infection cohort. INTERPRETATION Although the number of patients is limited, our results show that the antibody response against the first SARS-CoV-2 infection in symptomatic patients is typical of that observed in an acute viral infection. FUNDING The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development and the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Yasuhara
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ito
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Akasaka
- Emergency Medical Center, Fujisawa City Hospital, Japan
| | - Morio Nakamura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakachi
- Pulmonary division, Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Japan
| | - Michiko Koga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Mitamura
- Division of Infection Control, Eiju General Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yagi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keiyu Hospital, Japan
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kato
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Center for Translational Research, Institute of Medical Science Hospital, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - David Pattinson
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Takayuki Ogura
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Japan
| | - Rie Baba
- Pulmonary division, Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Japan
| | - Kensuke Fujita
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nagai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Saito
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Adachi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Ochi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Eiju General Hospital, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suzuki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyazato
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital, Japan
| | - Shiho Chiba
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Moe Okuda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jurika Murakami
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Hamabata
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Japan
| | - Norio Omagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
- Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Bauer G. The variability of the serological response to SARS-corona virus-2: Potential resolution of ambiguity through determination of avidity (functional affinity). J Med Virol 2020; 93:311-322. [PMID: 32633840 PMCID: PMC7361859 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Data on the serological response toward severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in 16 recent reports were analyzed and a high degree of variability was shown. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) responses were either found earlier than IgG, or together with IgG, later than IgG, or were missing. Therefore, clear distinctions between early, intermediate, and past infections are obviously not possible merely on the basis of IgM and IgG determinations. A review of publications on the serology of other virus groups shows that variable IgM responses can be found as well and therefore are not unique for SARS‐CoV‐2 infections. A model to explain this variability is proposed. The inclusion of avidity determination into regular diagnostic procedures has allowed to resolve such “atypical” serological constellations. The potential use of avidity determination for the diagnosis of COVID‐19, for risk assessment, epidemiological studies, analysis of cross reactions, as well as for the control of vaccination programs is suggested and discussed. The serological response to SARS CoV‐2 infection is highly variable. The mere detection of specific IgM and IgG does not allow to distinguish between acute and past infection. The variable IgM and IgG responses after SARS CoV‐2 infection are analogous to serological findings in other virus systems. Variable IgM and IgG responses can be rationally explained by models that describe immunoglobulin production by the immune system. Avidity determination of SARS CoV‐2 IgG is suggested for resolution of diagnostic ambiguity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Bauer
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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29
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Rotavirus Inner Capsid VP6 Acts as an Adjuvant in Formulations with Particulate Antigens Only. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030365. [PMID: 32645976 PMCID: PMC7565724 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel adjuvants present a concern for adverse effects, generating a need for alternatives. Rotavirus inner capsid VP6 protein could be considered a potential candidate, due to its ability to self-assemble into highly immunogenic nanospheres and nanotubes. These nanostructures exhibit immunostimulatory properties, which resemble those of traditional adjuvants, promoting the uptake and immunogenicity of the co-administered antigens. We have previously elucidated an adjuvant effect of VP6 on co-delivered norovirus and coxsackievirus B1 virus-like particles, increasing humoral and cellular responses and sparing the dose of co-delivered antigens. This study explored an immunostimulatory effect of VP6 nanospheres on smaller antigens, P particles formed by protruding domain of a norovirus capsid protein and a short peptide, extracellular matrix protein (M2e) of influenza A virus. VP6 exhibited a notable improving impact on immune responses induced by P particles in immunized mice, including systemic and mucosal antibody and T cell responses. The adjuvant effect of VP6 nanospheres was comparable to the effect of alum, except for induction of superior mucosal and T cell responses when P particles were co-administered with VP6. However, unlike alum, VP6 did not influence M2e-specific immune responses, suggesting that the adjuvant effect of VP6 is dependent on the particulate nature of the co-administered antigen.
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30
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French MA, Moodley Y. The role of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19: Healing in most, harm at times. Respirology 2020; 25:680-682. [PMID: 32436320 PMCID: PMC7280731 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martyn A French
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Division of Immunology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yuben Moodley
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute of Respiratory Health, Perth, WA, Australia
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31
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Gore MM. Vaccines Against Dengue and West Nile Viruses in India: The Need of the Hour. Viral Immunol 2020; 33:423-433. [PMID: 32320353 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulation of flaviviruses, dengue (DEN), Japanese encephalitis (JE) and West Nile (WN) viruses, and others, is generating a major concern in many countries. Both JE along with DEN have been endemic in large regions of India. WN virus infection, although circulating in southern regions for many years, in recent years, WN encephalitis patients have been demonstrated. While vaccines against JE have been developed and decrease outbreaks, in case of DEN and WN, vaccines are still in developing level, especially, it has been difficult to achieve the long-term protective immune response. The first licensed DEN vaccine, which is a live attenuated vaccine, was administered in countries where the virus is endemic, and has a potential to cause serious side effects, especially when administered to younger population as observed in the Philippines vaccination drive. In the case of WN, although the purified inactivated virion-based vaccine worked effectively as a veterinary vaccine for horses, no effective vaccine has yet been licensed for humans. The induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses is essential to complete protection by these viruses, as evidenced by responses to asymptomatic infections. Many studies have shown that neutralizing antibody (NAb) response is against surface structural proteins; CD4+ and CD8+ responses are mainly directed against nonstructural proteins rather than NAb response. New data suggest that encapsulating virus vaccines in nanoparticles (NPs) will direct antigen in cytoplasmic compartment by antigen-presenting cells, which will improve presentation to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Since tissue culture-derived, purified inactivated viruses are easier to manufacture and safer than developing live virus vaccines, inclusion of NP provides an attractive alternative for generating robust flaviviral vaccines that are affordable with long-lived protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind M Gore
- Emeritus Scientist, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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32
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Lin TH, Chen HW, Hsiao YJ, Yan JY, Chiang CY, Chen MY, Hu HM, Wu SH, Pan CH. Immunodomination of Serotype-Specific CD4+ T-Cell Epitopes Contributed to the Biased Immune Responses Induced by a Tetravalent Measles-Vectored Dengue Vaccine. Front Immunol 2020; 11:546. [PMID: 32300346 PMCID: PMC7145397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an emerging mosquito-borne disease, and the use of prophylactic vaccines is still limited. We previously developed a tetravalent dengue vaccine (rMV-TDV) by a recombinant measles virus (MV) vector expressing envelope protein domain III (ED3). In this study, we used dengue-susceptible AG129 mice to evaluate the protective and/or pathogenic immune responses induced by rMV-TDV. Consistent with the previous study, rMV-TDV-immunized mice developed a significant neutralizing antibody response against all serotypes of DENV, as well as a significant IFN-γ response biased to DENV-3, compared to the vector controls. We further demonstrated that this DENV-3-specific IFN-γ response was dominated by one CD4+ T-cell epitope located in E349-363. After DENV-2 challenge, rMV-TDV-immunized mice showed a significantly lower viremia and no inflammatory cytokine increase compared to the vector controls, which had an ~100 times higher viremia and a significant increase in IFN-γ and TNF-α. As a correlate of protection, a robust memory IFN-γ response specific to DENV-2 was boosted in rMV-TDV-immunized mice after challenge. This result suggested that pre-existing DENV-3-dominated T-cell responses did not cross-react, but a DENV-2-specific IFN-γ response, which was undetectable during immunization, was recalled. Interestingly, this recalled T-cell response recognized the epitope in the same position as the E349-363 but in the DENV-2 serotype. This result suggested that immunodomination occurred in the CD4+ T-cell epitopes between dengue serotypes after rMV-TDV vaccination and resulted in a DENV-3-dominated CD4+ T-cell response. Although the significant increase in IgG against both DENV-2 and -3 suggested that cross-reactive antibody responses were boosted, the increased neutralizing antibodies and IgG avidity still remained DENV-2 specific, consistent with the serotype-specific T cell response post challenge. Our data reveal that immunodomination caused a biased T-cell response to one of the dengue serotypes after tetravalent dengue vaccination and highlight the roles of cross-reactive T cells in dengue protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Hsiao
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ying Yan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Chiang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yu Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Mei Hu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hsien Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiung Pan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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33
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Malafa S, Medits I, Aberle JH, Aberle SW, Haslwanter D, Tsouchnikas G, Wölfel S, Huber KL, Percivalle E, Cherpillod P, Thaler M, Roßbacher L, Kundi M, Heinz FX, Stiasny K. Impact of flavivirus vaccine-induced immunity on primary Zika virus antibody response in humans. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008034. [PMID: 32017766 PMCID: PMC7021315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus has recently spread to South- and Central America, causing congenital birth defects and neurological complications. Many people at risk are flavivirus pre-immune due to prior infections with other flaviviruses (e.g. dengue virus) or flavivirus vaccinations. Since pre-existing cross-reactive immunity can potentially modulate antibody responses to Zika virus infection and may affect the outcome of disease, we analyzed fine-specificity as well as virus-neutralizing and infection-enhancing activities of antibodies induced by a primary Zika virus infection in flavivirus-naïve as well as yellow fever- and/or tick-borne encephalitis-vaccinated individuals. Methodology Antibodies in sera from convalescent Zika patients with and without vaccine-induced immunity were assessed by ELISA with respect to Zika virus-specificity and flavivirus cross-reactivity. Functional analyses included virus neutralization and infection-enhancement. The contribution of IgM and cross-reactive antibodies to these properties was determined by depletion experiments. Principal findings Pre-existing flavivirus immunity had a strong influence on the antibody response in primary Zika virus infections, resulting in higher titers of broadly flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies and slightly lower levels of Zika virus-specific IgM. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of Zika virus was mediated by sub-neutralizing concentrations of specific IgG but not by cross-reactive antibodies. This effect was potently counteracted by the presence of neutralizing IgM. Broadly cross-reactive antibodies were able to both neutralize and enhance infection of dengue virus but not Zika virus, indicating a different exposure of conserved sequence elements in the two viruses. Conclusions Our data point to an important role of flavivirus-specific IgM during the transient early stages of infection, by contributing substantially to neutralization and by counteracting ADE. In addition, our results highlight structural differences between strains of Zika and dengue viruses that are used for analyzing infection-enhancement by cross-reactive antibodies. These findings underscore the possible impact of specific antibody patterns on flavivirus disease and vaccination efficacy. The explosive spread of Zika virus, a flavivirus, to South- and Central America underscores the potential threat of newly emerging arthropod-borne viruses. Zika virus infection can cause congenital birth defects and neurological complications. Many people at risk are flavivirus pre-immune because of prior infections with other flaviviruses (e.g. dengue virus, which co-circulates in Zika outbreak regions) or vaccinations (e.g. against yellow fever or tick-borne encephalitis) and have non-protective cross-reactive antibodies at the time of infection. Since pre-existing immunity can modulate the specificity and functional activity of antibody responses, and cross-reactive antibodies have been implicated in disease enhancement, we compared the specificities of serum samples from flavivirus-naïve and vaccinated individuals after primary Zika virus infections. Prior immunity led to a strong booster of cross-reactive antibodies that did not neutralize Zika virus. Importantly, we could also show that newly formed IgM antibodies contributed significantly to virus neutralization and prevented infection enhancement by other antibodies. Our data thus show how pre-existing cross-reactive immunities can alter the specificities and functional activities of antibody responses in flavivirus infections, which may affect flavivirus-induced disease and the efficacy of vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Malafa
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iris Medits
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith H. Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Silke Wölfel
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany; Center of Infection Research (DZIF) Partner, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina L. Huber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Elena Percivalle
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pascal Cherpillod
- Laboratory of Virology, Laboratory Medicine Division, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Thaler
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Roßbacher
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz X. Heinz
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (FXH); (KS)
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (FXH); (KS)
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34
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Galula JU, Yang CY, Davis BS, Chang GJJ, Chao DY. Cross-reactivity reduced dengue virus 2 vaccine has no cross-protection against heterotypic dengue viruses. Future Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study assessed how prime-boost strategies influence the immunogenicity of a cross-reactivity reduced dengue virus 2 vaccine (DENV-2 RD). Materials & methods: Mice were immunized with DENV-2 RD vaccines in a heterologous DNA and virus-like particle (VLP) prime-boost. Elicited antibodies were analyzed for neutralization and protective efficacy against four DENV serotypes. Results: DENV-2 RD DNA-VLP had induced higher and broader levels of total IgG and neutralizing antibodies with statistically significant IgG titers against DENV-2 and -3. Only pups of DENV-2 RD DNA-VLP immunized female mice were fully protected against homotypic DENV challenge and partially protected (60% survival rate) against heterotypic DENV-3 lethal challenge. Conclusion: DENV-2 RD vaccine requires a multivalent format to effectively elicit a balanced and protective immunity across all four DENV serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedhan U Galula
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology & Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology & Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Brent S Davis
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, US Department of Health & Human Services, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Gwong-Jen J Chang
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, US Department of Health & Human Services, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Day-Yu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology & Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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35
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Collins MH, Waggoner JJ. Detecting Vertical Zika Transmission: Emerging Diagnostic Approaches for an Emerged Flavivirus. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1055-1069. [PMID: 30951637 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (Zika) was recently responsible for a massive epidemic that spread throughout Latin America and beyond. Though Zika is typically asymptomatic or self-limiting, the sheer numbers of Zika infections led to the identification of unexpected phenotypes including sexual transmission, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and teratogenicity. Thousands of infants in South, Central, and North America have now been born with microcephaly or one of a number of fetal anomalies constituting the congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Diagnosing CZS is based on a combination of clinical risk assessment and laboratory testing (which includes determining whether the mother has experienced a possible Zika infection during her pregnancy). A newborn suspected of having congenital Zika infection (due to maternal Zika infection or a birth defect described in association with congenital Zika infection) is then specifically tested for presence of Zika virus in neonatal tissue or anti-Zika IgM in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Though the guidelines are clear, there is room for considerable practice variation to emerge from individualized patient-provider encounters, largely due to limitations in diagnostic testing for Zika. The natural history of Zika further obscures our ability to know who, when, and how to test. Molecular diagnostics are highly specific but may not serve well those with asymptomatic infection. Serologic assays expand the diagnostic window but are complicated by cross-reactivity among related flaviviruses and passive immunity transferred from mother to baby. Furthermore, existing and emerging diagnostic tools may not be widely available due to limitations in resources and infrastructure of health systems in affected areas. Improvements in assay parameters as well as advances in platforms and deployability hold promise for optimizing diagnostic approaches for congenital Zika infection. The diagnostic tools and technologies under development must be integrated with forthcoming clinical knowledge of congenital Zika infection to fully realize the value that laboratory testing holds for diagnosing in utero mother to child transmission but also for understanding, predicting, and managing the health outcomes due to congenital Zika infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H. Collins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jesse J. Waggoner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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36
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Sarkar S, Piepenbrink MS, Basu M, Thakar J, Keefer MC, Hessell AJ, Haigwood NL, Kobie JJ. IL-33 enhances the kinetics and quality of the antibody response to a DNA and protein-based HIV-1 Env vaccine. Vaccine 2019; 37:2322-2330. [PMID: 30926296 PMCID: PMC6506229 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Induction of a sustained and broad antibody (Ab) response is a major goal in developing a protective HIV-1 vaccine. DNA priming alone shows reduced levels of immunogenicity; however, when combined with protein boosting is an attractive vaccination strategy for induction of humoral responses. Using the VC10014 DNA and protein-based vaccine consisting of HIV-1 envelope (Env) gp160 plasmids and trimeric gp140 proteins derived from an HIV-1 clade B infected subject who developed broadly neutralizing serum Abs, and which has been previously demonstrated to induce Tier 2 heterologous neutralizing Abs in rhesus macaques, we evaluated whether MPLA and IL-33 when administered during the DNA priming phase enhances the humoral response in mice. The addition of IL-33 during the gp160 DNA priming phase resulted in high titer gp120-specific plasma IgG after the first immunization. The IL-33 treated mice had higher plasma IgG Ab avidity, breadth, and durability after DNA and protein co-immunization with alum adjuvant as compared to MPLA and alum only treated mice. IL-33 was also associated with a significant IgM Env-specific response and expansion of peritoneal and splenic B-1b B cells. These results indicate that DNA priming in the presence of exogenous IL-33 qualitatively alters the HIV-1 Env-specific humoral response, improving the kinetics and breadth of potentially protective Ab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghita Sarkar
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Michael S Piepenbrink
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Madhubanti Basu
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Michael C Keefer
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ann J Hessell
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Nancy L Haigwood
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - James J Kobie
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.
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Tennant RK, Holzer B, Love J, Tchilian E, White HN. Higher levels of B-cell mutation in the early germinal centres of an inefficient secondary antibody response to a variant influenza haemagglutinin. Immunology 2019; 157:86-91. [PMID: 30768794 PMCID: PMC6459774 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing improved vaccines against mutable viruses such as dengue and influenza would be helped by a better understanding of how the B‐cell memory compartment responds to variant antigens. Towards this we have recently shown, after secondary immunization of mice with a widely variant dengue virus envelope protein with only 63% amino acid identity, that IgM+ memory B cells with few mutations supported an efficient secondary germinal centre (GC) and serum response, superior to a primary response to the same protein. Here, further investigation of memory responses to variant proteins, using more closely related influenza virus haemagglutinins (HA) that were 82% identical, produced a variant‐induced boost response in the GC dominated by highly mutated B cells that failed, not efficiently improving serum avidity even in the presence of extra adjuvant, and that was worse than a primary response. This supports a hypothesis that over a certain level of antigenic differences, cross‐reactive memory B‐cell populations have reduced competency for affinity maturation. Combined with our previous observations, these findings also provide new parameters of success and failure in antibody memory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Love
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Harry N White
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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38
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Zaneti AB, Yamamoto MM, Sulczewski FB, Almeida BDS, Souza HFS, Ferreira NS, Maeda DLNF, Sales NS, Rosa DS, Ferreira LCDS, Boscardin SB. Dendritic Cell Targeting Using a DNA Vaccine Induces Specific Antibodies and CD4 + T Cells to the Dengue Virus Envelope Protein Domain III. Front Immunol 2019; 10:59. [PMID: 30761131 PMCID: PMC6362411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever has become a global threat, causing millions of infections every year. An effective vaccine against all four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) has not been developed yet. Among the different vaccination strategies available today, DNA vaccines are safe and practical, but currently induce relatively weak immune responses in humans. In order to improve immunogenicity, antigens may be targeted to dendritic cells (DCs), the main antigen presenting cells and orchestrators of the adaptive immune response, inducing T and B cell activation. It was previously shown that a DNA vaccine encoding a fusion protein comprised of an antigen and a single-chain Fv antibody (scFv) specific for the DC endocytic receptor DEC205 induced strong immune responses to the targeted antigen. In this work, we evaluate this strategy to improve the immunogenicity of dengue virus (DENV) proteins. Plasmids encoding the scFv αDEC205, or an isotype control (scFv ISO), fused to the DENV2 envelope protein domain III (EDIII) were generated, and EDIII specific immune responses were evaluated in immunized mice. BALB/c mice were intramuscularly (i.m.) immunized three times with plasmid DNAs encoding either scDEC-EDIII or scISO-EDIII followed by electroporation. Analyses of the antibody responses indicated that EDIII fusion with scFv targeting the DEC205 receptor significantly enhanced serum anti-EDIII IgG titers that inhibited DENV2 infection. Similarly, mice immunized with the scDEC-EDIII plasmid developed a robust CD4+ T cell response to the targeted antigen, allowing the identification of two linear epitopes recognized by the BALB/c haplotype. Taken together, these results indicate that targeting DENV2 EDIII protein to DCs using a DNA vaccine encoding the scFv αDEC205 improves both antibody and CD4+ T cell responses. This strategy opens perspectives for the use of DNA vaccines that encode antigens targeted to DCs as a strategy to increase immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Baruel Zaneti
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Massao Yamamoto
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca da Silva Almeida
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Higo Fernando Santos Souza
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Soares Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Natiely Silva Sales
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Santoro Rosa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii)-INCTiii, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Beatriz Boscardin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii)-INCTiii, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tamminen K, Malm M, Vesikari T, Blazevic V. Immunological Cross-Reactivity of an Ancestral and the Most Recent Pandemic Norovirus GII.4 Variant. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020091. [PMID: 30678195 PMCID: PMC6410201 DOI: 10.3390/v11020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) genotype GII.4 is responsible for the majority of NoV infections causing pandemics every few years. A NoV virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine should optimally cover the high antigenic variation within the GII.4 genotype. We compared the immune responses generated by VLPs of the ancestral GII.4 1999 strain (GII.4 1995/96 US variant) and the most recent GII.4 Sydney 2012 pandemic strains in mice. No significant differences were observed in the type-specific responses but GII.4 1999 VLPs were more potent in inducing high-avidity antibodies with better cross-reactivity. GII.4 1999 immune sera blocked binding of GII.4 2006 and GII.4 2012 VLPs to the putative receptors in a surrogate neutralization assay, whereas GII.4 2012 immune sera only had low blocking activity against GII.4 2006 VLPs. Amino acid substitution in the NERK motif (amino acids 310, 316, 484, and 493, respectively), altering the access to conserved blocking epitope F, moderately improved the cross-blocking responses against mutated GII.4 2012 VLPs (D310N). NoV GII.4 1999 VLPs, uptaken and processed by antigen-presenting cells, induced stronger interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production from mice splenocytes than GII.4 2012 VLPs. These results support the use of GII.4 1999 VLPs as a major component of a NoV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Tamminen
- Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Biokatu 10, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Maria Malm
- Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Biokatu 10, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Timo Vesikari
- Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Biokatu 10, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Vesna Blazevic
- Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Biokatu 10, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.
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40
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Analysis of dengue specific memory B cells, neutralizing antibodies and binding antibodies in healthy adults from India. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 84S:S57-S63. [PMID: 30658170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Indian population is facing highest dengue burden worldwide supporting an urgent need for vaccines. For vaccine introduction, evaluation and interpretation it is important to gain a critical understanding of immune memory induced by natural exposure. However, immune memory to dengue remains poorly characterized in this region. METHODS We enumerated levels of dengue specific memory B cells (MBC), neutralizing (NT) and binding antibodies in healthy adults (n=70) from New Delhi. RESULTS NT-antibodies, binding antibodies and MBC were detectable in 86%, 86.56% and 81.63% of the subjects respectively. Among the neutralizing positive subjects, 58%, 27%, 5% and 10% neutralized all four, any three, any two and any one dengue serotypes respectively. The presence of the neutralizing antibodies was associated with the presence of the MBC and binding antibodies. However, a massive interindividual variation was observed in the levels of the neutralizing antibodies (range, <1:50-1:30,264), binding antibodies (range, 1:3,000-1:134,000,) as well as the MBC (range=0.006%-5.05%). CONCLUSION These results indicate that a vast majority of the adults are immune to multiple dengue serotypes and show massive interindividual variation in neutralizing/binding antibodies and MBCs - emphasizing the importance of monitoring multiple parameters of immune memory in order to properly plan, evaluate and interpret dengue vaccines.
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41
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Zainal N, Tan KK, Johari J, Hussein H, Wan Musa WR, Hassan J, Lin YS, AbuBakar S. Sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus cross-neutralizes dengue viruses. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:659-672. [PMID: 30259549 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne disease in Southeast Asia, where the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is approximately 30 to 53 per 100,000. Severe dengue, however, is rarely reported among individuals with SLE. Here, whether sera of patients with SLE cross-neutralize dengue virus (DENV) was investigated. Serum samples were obtained from individuals with SLE who were dengue IgG and IgM serology negative. Neutralization assays were performed against the three major DENV serotypes. Of the dengue serology negative sera of individuals with SLE, 60%, 61% and 52% of the sera at 1/320 dilution showed more than 50% inhibition against dengue type-1 virus (DENV-1), DENV-2 and DENV-3, respectively. The neutralizing capacity of the sera was significantly greater against DENV-1 (P < 0.001) and DENV-3 (P < 0.01) than against DENV-2 (P < 0.05). Neutralization against the DENV correlated with dengue-specific IgG serum titers below the cut-off point for dengue positivity. Depletion of total IgG from the sera of patients with SLE resulted in significant decreases of up to 80% in DENV inhibition, suggesting that IgG plays an important role. However, some of the SLE sera was still able to neutralize DENV, even with IgG titers <0.1 OD absorbance. Our findings suggest that sera of patients with SLE contain IgG, and possibly other type of antibodies, that can cross-neutralize DENV, which may explain the rarity of severe dengue in individuals with SLE. Further studies, are needed to further substantiate this finding and to elucidate the specific neutralizing epitopes recognized by the sera of individuals with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhafiza Zainal
- Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kim-Kee Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jefree Johari
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Jamiyah Hassan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Centre of Infectious Disease and Signalling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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42
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Popper SJ, Strouts FR, Lindow JC, Cheng HK, Montoya M, Balmaseda A, Durbin AP, Whitehead SS, Harris E, Kirkpatrick BD, Relman DA. Early Transcriptional Responses After Dengue Vaccination Mirror the Response to Natural Infection and Predict Neutralizing Antibody Titers. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:1911-1921. [PMID: 30010906 PMCID: PMC6217718 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several promising live attenuated dengue vaccines are in development, but information about innate immune responses and early correlates of protection is lacking. Methods We characterized human genome-wide transcripts in whole blood from 10 volunteers at 11 time points after immunization with the dengue virus type 3 (DENV-3) component of the National Institutes of Health dengue vaccine candidate TV003 and from 30 hospitalized children with acute primary DENV-3 infection. We compared day-specific gene expression patterns with subsequent neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers. Results The transcriptional response to vaccination was largely confined to days 5-20 and was dominated by an interferon-associated signature and a cell cycle signature that peaked on days 8 and 14, respectively. Changes in transcript abundance were much greater in magnitude and scope in symptomatic natural infection than following vaccination (maximum fold-change >200 vs 21 postvaccination; 3210 vs 286 transcripts with significant fold-change), but shared gene modules were induced in the same sequence. The abundances of 131 transcripts on days 8 and 9 postvaccination were strongly correlated with NAb titers measured 6 weeks postvaccination. Conclusions Live attenuated dengue vaccination elicits early transcriptional responses that mirror those found in symptomatic natural infection and provide candidate early markers of protection against DENV infection. Clinical Trials Registration NCT00831012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Popper
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
| | - Fiona R Strouts
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
| | - Janet C Lindow
- Vaccine Testing Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Henry K Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
| | - Magelda Montoya
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Anna P Durbin
- Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
| | - Stephen S Whitehead
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Beth D Kirkpatrick
- Vaccine Testing Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - David A Relman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, California
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43
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Tsai WY, Youn HH, Tyson J, Brites C, Tsai JJ, Pedroso C, Drexler JF, Balmaseda A, Harris E, Wang WK. Use of Urea Wash ELISA to Distinguish Zika and Dengue Virus Infections. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24:1355-1359. [PMID: 29912689 PMCID: PMC6038735 DOI: 10.3201/eid2407.171170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serologic testing remains crucial for Zika virus diagnosis. We found that urea wash in a Zika virus nonstructural protein 1 IgG ELISA distinguishes secondary dengue virus infection from Zika virus infection with previous dengue (sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 93.8%). This test will aid serodiagnosis, serosurveillance, and monitoring of Zika complications in dengue-endemic regions.
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Burton BR, Tennant RK, Love J, Titball RW, Wraith DC, White HN. Variant proteins stimulate more IgM+ GC B-cells revealing a mechanism of cross-reactive recognition by antibody memory. eLife 2018; 7:26832. [PMID: 29709214 PMCID: PMC5959717 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines induce memory B-cells that provide high affinity secondary antibody responses to identical antigens. Memory B-cells can also re-instigate affinity maturation, but how this happens against antigenic variants is poorly understood despite its potential impact on driving broadly protective immunity against pathogens such as Influenza and Dengue. We immunised mice sequentially with identical or variant Dengue-virus envelope proteins and analysed antibody and germinal-centre (GC) responses. Variant protein boosts induced GCs with a higher proportion of IgM+ B cells. The most variant protein re-stimulated GCs with the highest proportion of IgM+ cells with the most diverse, least mutated V-genes and with a slower but efficient serum antibody response. Recombinant antibodies from GC B-cells showed a higher affinity for the variant antigen than antibodies from a primary response, confirming a memory origin. This reveals a new process of antibody memory, that IgM memory cells with fewer mutations participate in secondary responses to variant antigens, demonstrating how the hierarchical structure of B-cell memory is used and indicating the potential and limits of cross-reactive antibody based immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwen R Burton
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard K Tennant
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - John Love
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Richard W Titball
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - David C Wraith
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Harry N White
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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45
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Katzelnick LC, Harris E. The use of longitudinal cohorts for studies of dengue viral pathogenesis and protection. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 29:51-61. [PMID: 29597086 PMCID: PMC5996389 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we describe how longitudinal prospective community-based, school-based, and household-based cohort studies contribute to improving our knowledge of viral disease, focusing specifically on contributions to understanding and preventing dengue. We describe how longitudinal cohorts enable measurement of essential disease parameters and risk factors; provide insights into biological correlates of protection and disease risk; enable rapid application of novel biological and statistical technologies; lead to development of new interventions and inform vaccine trial design; serve as sentinels in outbreak conditions and facilitate development of critical diagnostic assays; enable holistic studies on disease in the context of other infections, comorbidities, and environmental risk factors; and build research capacity that strengthens national and global public health response and disease surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Katzelnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 185 Li Ka Shing Center, 1951 Oxford Street, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, United States
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 185 Li Ka Shing Center, 1951 Oxford Street, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, United States.
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46
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Immune Responses to Dengue and Zika Viruses-Guidance for T Cell Vaccine Development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020385. [PMID: 29473899 PMCID: PMC5858454 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous efforts to identify the molecular and cellular effectors of the adaptive immunity that induce a long-lasting immunity against dengue or Zika virus infection, the specific mechanisms underlying such protective immunity remain largely unknown. One of the major challenges lies in the high level of dengue virus (DENV) seroprevalence in areas where Zika virus (ZIKV) is circulating. In the context of such a pre-existing DENV immunity that can exacerbate ZIKV infection and disease, and given the lack of appropriate treatment for ZIKV infection, there is an urgent need to develop an efficient vaccine against DENV and ZIKV. Notably, whereas several ZIKV vaccine candidates are currently in clinical trials, all these vaccine candidates have been designed to induce neutralizing antibodies as the primary mechanism of immune protection. Given the difficulty to elicit simultaneously high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the different DENV serotypes, and the potential impact of pre-existing subneutralizing antibodies induced upon DENV infection or vaccination on ZIKV infection and disease, additional or alternative strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy, through T cell immunity, are now being considered. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries about cross-reactive B and T cell responses against DENV and ZIKV and propose guidelines for the development of safe and efficient T cell vaccines targeting both viruses.
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47
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Malm M, Tamminen K, Heinimäki S, Vesikari T, Blazevic V. Functionality and avidity of norovirus-specific antibodies and T cells induced by GII.4 virus-like particles alone or co-administered with different genotypes. Vaccine 2018; 36:484-490. [PMID: 29246474 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) is the main cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide across all age groups. Current NoV vaccine candidates are based on non-infectious highly immunogenic virus-like particles (VLPs) produced in cell cultures in vitro. As NoVs infecting human population are highly divergent, it is proposed that the vaccine should contain at least two different NoV genotypes, potentially affecting the immunogenicity of each other. We investigated the immunogenicity of NoV GII.4 VLPs administered by intramuscular (IM) or intradermal (ID) injections to BALB/c mice either alone or co-delivered with genogroup I (GI) and other genogroup GII VLPs. Serum NoV-specific IgG binding antibody titers and antibody functionality in terms of avidity and blocking potential were assessed. Furthermore, the specificity and functional avidity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were analyzed using synthetic peptides previously identified to contain NoV VP1 P2 domain-specific H-2d epitopes. The results showed that IM and ID immunization induced comparable GII.4-specific antibodies and T cell responses. Similar magnitude and functionality of antibodies and interferon-gamma producing T cells were developed using monovalent GII.4 VLPs or different genotype combinations. For the first time, degranulation assay using multicolor flow cytometry showed that NoV GII.4-specific CD8+ T cells had cytotoxic T lymphocyte phenotype. To conclude, our results demonstrate that there is no immunological interference even if up to five different NoV VLP genotypes were co-administered at the same time. Furthermore, no inhibition of NoV-specific antibody functionality or the magnitude, specificity and affinity of T cell responses was observed in any of the immunized animals, observations relevant for the development of a multivalent NoV VLP vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Malm
- Vaccine Research Center, University of Tampere, Biokatu 10, 33520 Tampere, Finland; University of Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi Tamminen
- Vaccine Research Center, University of Tampere, Biokatu 10, 33520 Tampere, Finland; University of Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi Heinimäki
- Vaccine Research Center, University of Tampere, Biokatu 10, 33520 Tampere, Finland; University of Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Vesikari
- Vaccine Research Center, University of Tampere, Biokatu 10, 33520 Tampere, Finland; University of Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesna Blazevic
- Vaccine Research Center, University of Tampere, Biokatu 10, 33520 Tampere, Finland; University of Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere, Finland.
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48
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Reliable Serological Testing for the Diagnosis of Emerging Infectious Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1062:19-43. [PMID: 29845523 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8727-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Climate change, increased urbanization and international travel have facilitated the spread of mosquito vectors and the viral species they carry. Zika virus (ZIKV) is currently spreading in the Americas, while dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have already become firmly established in most tropical and also many non-tropical regions. ZIKV, DENV and CHIKV overlap in their endemic areas and cause similar clinical symptoms, especially in the initial stages of infection. Infections with each of these viruses can lead to severe complications, and co-infections have been reported. Therefore, laboratory analyses play an important role in differential diagnostics. A timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for patient management, prevention of unnecessary therapies, rapid adoption of vector control measures, and collection of epidemiological data.There are two pillars to diagnosis: direct pathogen detection and the determination of specific antibodies. Serological tests provide a longer diagnostic window than direct methods, and are suitable for diagnosing acute and past infections, for disease surveillance and for vaccination monitoring. ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT) systems based on optimized antigens enable sensitive and specific detection of antibodies against ZIKV, DENV and CHIKV in patient serum or plasma. In recent years, Euroimmun (Lübeck, Germany) has developed numerous test systems for the serological diagnosis of (re-)emerging diseases, including a very sensitive and specific anti-ZIKV ELISA.
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49
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Tottey S, Shoji Y, Jones RM, Chichester JA, Green BJ, Musiychuk K, Si H, Manceva SD, Rhee A, Shamloul M, Norikane J, Guimarães RC, Caride E, Silva ANMR, Simões M, Neves PCC, Marchevsky R, Freire MS, Streatfield SJ, Yusibov V. Plant-Produced Subunit Vaccine Candidates against Yellow Fever Induce Virus Neutralizing Antibodies and Confer Protection against Viral Challenge in Animal Models. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 98:420-431. [PMID: 29231157 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes and endemic mostly in South America and Africa with 20-50% fatality. All current licensed YF vaccines, including YF-Vax® (Sanofi-Pasteur, Lyon, France) and 17DD-YFV (Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), are based on live attenuated virus produced in hens' eggs and have been widely used. The YF vaccines are considered safe and highly effective. However, a recent increase in demand for YF vaccines and reports of rare cases of YF vaccine-associated fatal adverse events have provoked interest in developing a safer YF vaccine that can be easily scaled up to meet this increased global demand. To this point, we have engineered the YF virus envelope protein (YFE) and transiently expressed it in Nicotiana benthamiana as a stand-alone protein (YFE) or as fusion to the bacterial enzyme lichenase (YFE-LicKM). Immunogenicity and challenge studies in mice demonstrated that both YFE and YFE-LicKM elicited virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies and protected over 70% of mice from lethal challenge infection. Furthermore, these two YFE-based vaccine candidates induced VN antibody responses with high serum avidity in nonhuman primates and these VN antibody responses were further enhanced after challenge infection with the 17DD strain of YF virus. These results demonstrate partial protective efficacy in mice of YFE-based subunit vaccines expressed in N. benthamiana. However, their efficacy is inferior to that of the live attenuated 17DD vaccine, indicating that formulation development, such as incorporating a more suitable adjuvant, may be required for product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Tottey
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, Delaware
| | - Yoko Shoji
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, Delaware
| | - R Mark Jones
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, Delaware
| | | | - Brian J Green
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, Delaware
| | | | - Huaxin Si
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, Delaware
| | | | - Amy Rhee
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, Delaware
| | - Moneim Shamloul
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, Delaware
| | - Joey Norikane
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, Delaware
| | - Rosane C Guimarães
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elena Caride
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea N M R Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marisol Simões
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia C C Neves
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Marchevsky
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos S Freire
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Vidadi Yusibov
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, Delaware
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50
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Katzelnick LC, Gresh L, Halloran ME, Mercado JC, Kuan G, Gordon A, Balmaseda A, Harris E. Antibody-dependent enhancement of severe dengue disease in humans. Science 2017; 358:929-932. [PMID: 29097492 PMCID: PMC5858873 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan6836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 721] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
For dengue viruses 1 to 4 (DENV1-4), a specific range of antibody titer has been shown to enhance viral replication in vitro and severe disease in animal models. Although suspected, such antibody-dependent enhancement of severe disease has not been shown to occur in humans. Using multiple statistical approaches to study a long-term pediatric cohort in Nicaragua, we show that risk of severe dengue disease is highest within a narrow range of preexisting anti-DENV antibody titers. By contrast, we observe protection from all symptomatic dengue disease at high antibody titers. Thus, immune correlates of severe dengue must be evaluated separately from correlates of protection against symptomatic disease. These results have implications for studies of dengue pathogenesis and for vaccine development, because enhancement, not just lack of protection, is of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C. Katzelnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - M. Elizabeth Halloran
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Mercado
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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