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Rimal S, Shrestha S, Paudel SW, Shah Y, Bhandari G, Pandey K, Kharbuja A, Kapandji M, Gautam I, Bhujel R, Takamatsu Y, Bhandari R, Klungthong C, Shrestha SK, Fernandez S, Malavige GN, Pandey BD, Urano T, Morita K, Ngwe Tun MM, Dumre SP. Molecular and Entomological Characterization of 2023 Dengue Outbreak in Dhading District, Central Nepal. Viruses 2024; 16:594. [PMID: 38675935 PMCID: PMC11053854 DOI: 10.3390/v16040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2023, Nepal faced its second largest dengue outbreak ever, following a record-breaking number of dengue cases in 2022, characterized by the expansion of infections into areas of higher altitudes. However, the characteristics of the 2023 circulating dengue virus (DENV) and the vector density remain poorly understood. Therefore, we performed DENV serotyping, clinical and laboratory assessment, and entomological analysis of the 2023 outbreak in central Nepal. A total of 396 fever cases in Dhading hospital suspected of being DENV positive were enrolled, and blood samples were collected and tested by different techniques including PCR. Of these, 278 (70.2%) had confirmed DENV infection. Multiple serotypes (DENV-1, -2, and -3) were detected. DENV-2 (97.5%) re-emerged after six years in Dhading while DENV-3 was identified for the first time. Dengue inpatients had significantly higher frequency of anorexia, myalgia, rash, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and thrombocytopenia (p < 0.05). In this area, Aedes mosquitoes largely predominated (90.7%) with the majority being A. aegypti (60.7%). We also found high levels of Aedes index (20.0%) and container index (16.7%). We confirmed multiple DENV serotype circulation with serotype re-emergence and new serotype introduction, and high vector density in 2023. These findings call for the urgent initiation and scaling up of DENV molecular surveillance in human and mosquito populations for dengue control and prevention in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh Rimal
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44601, Nepal; (S.R.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Sabin Shrestha
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44601, Nepal; (S.R.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (R.B.)
| | | | | | - Govinda Bhandari
- Dhading Hospital, Dhading Besi 45100, Nepal; (S.W.P.); (G.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Kishor Pandey
- Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44601, Nepal;
| | - Anjana Kharbuja
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44601, Nepal; (S.R.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Merveille Kapandji
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Ishan Gautam
- Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan University, Swayambhu, Kathmandu 44620, Nepal;
| | - Rajshree Bhujel
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44601, Nepal; (S.R.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.T.); (K.M.)
| | | | - Chonticha Klungthong
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.K.); (S.F.)
| | | | - Stefan Fernandez
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.K.); (S.F.)
| | | | - Basu Dev Pandey
- DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (B.D.P.); (T.U.)
| | - Takeshi Urano
- DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (B.D.P.); (T.U.)
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.T.); (K.M.)
- DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (B.D.P.); (T.U.)
- Center for Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shimane University, Izumo 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Tropical Viral Vaccine Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.T.); (K.M.)
- DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (B.D.P.); (T.U.)
- Center for Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shimane University, Izumo 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Tropical Viral Vaccine Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shyam Prakash Dumre
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44601, Nepal; (S.R.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (R.B.)
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Trájer AJ. The potential habitat and environmental fitness change of Aedes albopictus in Western Eurasia for 2081-2100. J Vector Borne Dis 2024; 61:243-252. [PMID: 38922659 DOI: 10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_143_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES The range of Aedes albopictus, the most important vector mosquito in Western Eurasia is growing due to climate change. However, it is not known how it will influence the habitats occupied by the species and its environmental fitness within its future range. METHODS To study this question, the habitat characteristic of the mosquito was investigated for 2081-2100. RESULTS The models suggest a notable future spread of the mosquito in the direction of Northern Europe and the parallel northward and westward shift of the southern and eastern potential occurrences of the mosquito. The models suggest a notable increase in generation numbers in the warmest quarter, which can reach 4-5 generations in the peri-Mediterranean region. However, both the joint survival rate of larvae and pupae and the number of survival days of adults in the warmest quarter exhibit decreasing values, as does the potential disappearance of the mosquito in the southern regions of Europe and Asia Minor, along with the growing atmospheric CO2 concentration-based scenarios. INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION While in 1970-2000 Aedes albopictus mainly occupied the hot and warm summer temperate regions of Europe, the species will inhabit dominantly the cool summer temperate (oceanic) and the humid continental climate territories of North and North-Eastern Europe in 2081-2100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila J Trájer
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
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Edillo F, Ymbong RR, Navarro AO, Cabahug MM, Saavedra K. Detecting the impacts of humidity, rainfall, temperature, and season on chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes from selected sites in Cebu city, Philippines. Virol J 2024; 21:42. [PMID: 38360693 PMCID: PMC10870450 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes albopictus is the secondary vector for dengue virus (DENV) in the Philippines, and also harbors chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses. This study aimed to determine the minimum infection rates (MIRs) of CHIKV, DENV serotypes, and ZIKV in Ae. albopictus collected from selected two-site categories by altitude (highland [H] and lowland [L] sites) in Cebu city, Philippines during the wet (WS) and dry seasons (DS) of 2021-2022, and to explore the relationships between these arboviral MIRs and the local weather. METHODS The viral RNA extracts in pooled and reared adult Ae. albopictus collected during the DS and WS from two-site categories were subjected to RT-PCR to amplify and detect gene loci specific for CHIKV, DENV-1 to DENV-4, and ZIKV and analyzed with the weather data. RESULTS The range of CHIKV MIRs was higher in the WS (13.61-107.38 infected individuals per 1,000 mosquitoes) than in the DS (13.22-44.12), but was similar between the two-site categories. Rainfall (RF) influenced the CHIKV MIR. The MIR ranges of both DENV-2 (WS: H = 0, L = 0; DS: H = 0-5.92; L = 0-2.6) and DENV-4 (WS: H = 0, L = 0-2.90; DS: H = 2.96-6.13, L = 0-15.63) differed by season but not between the two-site categories. Relative humidity (RH), RF, and temperature did not influence DENVs' MIRs. The MIR range of ZIKV was similar in both seasons (WS: 11.36-40.27; DS: 0-46.15) and two-site categories (H = 0-90.91, L = 0-55.56). RH and temperature influenced ZIKV MIR. CONCLUSIONS RF influenced CHIKV MIR in Ae. albopictus, whereas RH and temperature influenced that of ZIKV. Season influenced the MIRs of CHIKV and DENVs but not in ZIKV. Ae. albopictus were co-infected with CHIKV, DENVs, and ZIKV in both highland and lowland sites in Cebu city. Recommendations include all-year-round implementation of the Philippine Department of Health's 4S enhanced strategy and installation of water pipelines in rural highlands for vector and disease control. Our findings are relevant to protect public health in the tropics in this climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Edillo
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos- Talamban Campus, 6000, Cebu city, Philippines.
| | - Rhoniel Ryan Ymbong
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos- Talamban Campus, 6000, Cebu city, Philippines
| | - Anthoddiemn Olin Navarro
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos- Talamban Campus, 6000, Cebu city, Philippines
- Department of Science and Technology, Science Education Institute, Taguig City, Metro Manila 1631, Philippines
| | - Maureen Mathilde Cabahug
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos- Talamban Campus, 6000, Cebu city, Philippines
| | - Kristilynn Saavedra
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos- Talamban Campus, 6000, Cebu city, Philippines
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Johnson BJ, Weber M, Al-Amin HM, Geier M, Devine GJ. Automated differentiation of mixed populations of free-flying female mosquitoes under semi-field conditions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3494. [PMID: 38347111 PMCID: PMC10861447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Great advances in automated identification systems, or 'smart traps', that differentiate insect species have been made in recent years, yet demonstrations of field-ready devices under free-flight conditions remain rare. Here, we describe the results of mixed-species identification of female mosquitoes using an advanced optoacoustic smart trap design under free-flying conditions. Point-of-capture classification was assessed using mixed populations of congeneric (Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti) and non-congeneric (Ae. aegypti and Anopheles stephensi) container-inhabiting species of medical importance. Culex quinquefasciatus, also common in container habitats, was included as a third species in all assessments. At the aggregate level, mixed collections of non-congeneric species (Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and An. stephensi) could be classified at accuracies exceeding 90% (% error = 3.7-7.1%). Conversely, error rates increased when analysing individual replicates (mean % error = 48.6; 95% CI 8.1-68.6) representative of daily trap captures and at the aggregate level when Ae. albopictus was released in the presence of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus (% error = 7.8-31.2%). These findings highlight the many challenges yet to be overcome but also the potential operational utility of optoacoustic surveillance in low diversity settings typical of urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Johnson
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Michael Weber
- Biogents AG, Weissenburgstr. 22, 93055, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hasan Mohammad Al-Amin
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Martin Geier
- Biogents AG, Weissenburgstr. 22, 93055, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gregor J Devine
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
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Zuckerman NS, Schwartz E, Pandey P, Erster O, Halpern O, Bucris E, Morad-Eliyahu H, Wax M, Lustig Y. Dengue Types 1 and 3 Identified in Travelers Returning from Kathmandu, Nepal, during the October 2022 Outbreak Are Related to Strains Recently Identified in India. Viruses 2023; 15:2334. [PMID: 38140575 PMCID: PMC10921925 DOI: 10.3390/v15122334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic analysis of dengue serotypes 1 and 3, which were diagnosed in travelers and Nepalese infected in Kathmandu during the October 2022 outbreak, revealed that both serotypes were clustered closest to the sequences sampled in India. This suggests both serotypes may have originated in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta S. Zuckerman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; (O.E.); (O.H.); (E.B.); (H.M.-E.); (M.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Eli Schwartz
- The Center for Travel and Tropical Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel;
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 39040, Israel
| | - Prativa Pandey
- CIWEC Hospital and Travel Medicine Center, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
| | - Oran Erster
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; (O.E.); (O.H.); (E.B.); (H.M.-E.); (M.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Osnat Halpern
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; (O.E.); (O.H.); (E.B.); (H.M.-E.); (M.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Efrat Bucris
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; (O.E.); (O.H.); (E.B.); (H.M.-E.); (M.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hagar Morad-Eliyahu
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; (O.E.); (O.H.); (E.B.); (H.M.-E.); (M.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Marina Wax
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; (O.E.); (O.H.); (E.B.); (H.M.-E.); (M.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; (O.E.); (O.H.); (E.B.); (H.M.-E.); (M.W.); (Y.L.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 39040, Israel
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Saeed A, Ali S, Khan F, Muhammad S, Reboita MS, Khan AW, Goheer MA, Khan MA, Kumar R, Ikram A, Jabeen A, Pongpanich S. Modelling the impact of climate change on dengue outbreaks and future spatiotemporal shift in Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3489-3505. [PMID: 36367603 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has a significant impact on the intensity and spread of dengue outbreaks. The objective of this study is to assess the number of dengue transmission suitable days (DTSD) in Pakistan for the baseline (1976-2005) and future (2006-2035, 2041-2070, and 2071-2099) periods under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios. Moreover, potential spatiotemporal shift and future hotspots of DTSD due to climate change were also identified. The analysis is based on fourteen CMIP5 models that have been downscaled and bias-corrected with quantile delta mapping technique, which addresses data stationarity constraints while preserving future climate signal. The results show a higher DTSD during the monsoon season in the baseline in the study area except for Sindh (SN) and South Punjab (SP). In future periods, there is a temporal shift (extension) towards pre- and post-monsoon. During the baseline period, the top ten hotspot cities with a higher frequency of DTSD are Karachi, Hyderabad, Sialkot, Jhelum, Lahore, Islamabad, Balakot, Peshawar, Kohat, and Faisalabad. However, as a result of climate change, there is an elevation-dependent shift in DTSD to high-altitude cities, e.g. in the 2020s, Kotli, Muzaffarabad, and Drosh; in the 2050s, Garhi Dopatta, Quetta, and Zhob; and in the 2080s, Chitral and Bunji. Karachi, Islamabad, and Balakot will remain highly vulnerable to dengue outbreaks for all the future periods of the twenty-first century. Our findings also indicate that DTSD would spread across Pakistan, particularly in areas where we have never seen dengue infections previously. The good news is that the DTSD in current hotspot cities is projected to decrease in the future due to climate change. There is also a temporal shift in the region during the post- and pre-monsoon season, which provides suitable breeding conditions for dengue mosquitos due to freshwater; therefore, local authorities need to take adaption and mitigation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Saeed
- Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC), Ministry of Climate Change, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Firdos Khan
- School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sher Muhammad
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | - Muhammad Arif Goheer
- Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC), Ministry of Climate Change, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ramesh Kumar
- Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aliya Jabeen
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Souza RL, Nazare RJ, Argibay HD, Pellizzaro M, Anjos RO, Portilho MM, Jacob-Nascimento LC, Reis MG, Kitron UD, Ribeiro GS. Density of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in a low-income Brazilian urban community where dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses co-circulate. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:159. [PMID: 37149611 PMCID: PMC10163576 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-income urban communities in the tropics often lack sanitary infrastructure and are overcrowded, favoring Aedes aegypti proliferation and arboviral transmission. However, as Ae. aegypti density is not spatially homogeneous, understanding the role of specific environmental characteristics in determining vector distribution is critical for planning control interventions. The objectives of this study were to identify the main habitat types for Ae. Aegypti, assess their spatial densities to identify major hotspots of arbovirus transmission over time and investigate underlying factors in a low-income urban community in Salvador, Brazil. We also tested the field-collected mosquitoes for arboviruses. METHODS A series of four entomological and socio-environmental surveys was conducted in a random sample of 149 households and their surroundings between September 2019 and April 2021. The surveys included searching for potential breeding sites (water-containing habitats) and for Ae. aegypti immatures in them, capturing adult mosquitoes and installing ovitraps. The spatial distribution of Ae. aegypti density indices were plotted using kernel density-ratio maps, and the spatial autocorrelation was assessed for each index. Visual differences on the spatial distribution of the Ae. aegypti hotspots were compared over time. The association of entomological findings with socio-ecological characteristics was examined. Pools of female Ae. aegypti were tested for dengue, Zika and chikungunya virus infection. RESULTS Overall, 316 potential breeding sites were found within the study households and 186 in the surrounding public spaces. Of these, 18 (5.7%) and 7 (3.7%) harbored a total of 595 and 283 Ae. aegypti immatures, respectively. The most productive breeding sites were water storage containers within the households and puddles and waste materials in public areas. Potential breeding sites without cover, surrounded by vegetation and containing organic matter were significantly associated with the presence of immatures, as were households that had water storage containers. None of the entomological indices, whether based on immatures, eggs or adults, detected a consistent pattern of vector clustering in the same areas over time. All the mosquito pools were negative for the tested arboviruses. CONCLUSIONS This low-income community displayed high diversity of Ae. aegypti habitats and a high degree of heterogeneity of vector abundance in both space and time, a scenario that likely reflects other low-income communities. Improving basic sanitation in low-income urban communities through the regular water supply, proper management of solid wastes and drainage may reduce water storage and the formation of puddles, minimizing opportunities for Ae. aegypti proliferation in such settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel L Souza
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Romero J Nazare
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hernan D Argibay
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maysa Pellizzaro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rosângela O Anjos
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Moyra M Portilho
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leile Camila Jacob-Nascimento
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer G Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Guilherme S Ribeiro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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Kramer IM, Pfenninger M, Feldmeyer B, Dhimal M, Gautam I, Shreshta P, Baral S, Phuyal P, Hartke J, Magdeburg A, Groneberg DA, Ahrens B, Müller R, Waldvogel AM. Genomic profiling of climate adaptation in Aedes aegypti along an altitudinal gradient in Nepal indicates nongradual expansion of the disease vector. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:350-368. [PMID: 36305220 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Driven by globalization, urbanization and climate change, the distribution range of invasive vector species has expanded to previously colder ecoregions. To reduce health-threatening impacts on humans, insect vectors are extensively studied. Population genomics can reveal the genomic basis of adaptation and help to identify emerging trends of vector expansion. By applying whole genome analyses and genotype-environment associations to populations of the main dengue vector Aedes aegypti, sampled along an altitudinal gradient in Nepal (200-1300 m), we identify putatively adaptive traits and describe the species' genomic footprint of climate adaptation to colder ecoregions. We found two differentiated clusters with significantly different allele frequencies in genes associated to climate adaptation between the highland population (1300 m) and all other lowland populations (≤800 m). We revealed nonsynonymous mutations in 13 of the candidate genes associated to either altitude, precipitation or cold tolerance and identified an isolation-by-environment differentiation pattern. Other than the expected gradual differentiation along the altitudinal gradient, our results reveal a distinct genomic differentiation of the highland population. Local high-altitude adaptation could be one explanation of the population's phenotypic cold tolerance. Carrying alleles relevant for survival under colder climate increases the likelihood of this highland population to a worldwide expansion into other colder ecoregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Marie Kramer
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Pfenninger
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Barbara Feldmeyer
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Ishan Gautam
- Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | - Parbati Phuyal
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Juliane Hartke
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel Magdeburg
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David A Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bodo Ahrens
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ruth Müller
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Unit Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ann-Marie Waldvogel
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Hanafi-Bojd A, Sedaghat M, Omid F, Karimi M, Haghi S. Modelling the probability of presence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Iran until 2070. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.368017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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10
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Hunsawong T, Buddhari D, Rungrojcharoenkit K, Suthangkornkul R, Mongkolsirichaikul D, Lohachanakul J, Tayong K, Sirikajornpan K, Rodpradit P, Poolpanichupatam Y, Klungthong C, Utennam D, Kaewhiran S, Cotrone TS, Fernandez S, Jones AR. Anti-Arbovirus Antibodies Cross-React With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0263922. [PMID: 36445096 PMCID: PMC9769545 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02639-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is found in regions where dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses are endemic. Any serological cross-reactivity between DENV, CHIKV, and SARS-CoV-2 is significant as it could lead to misdiagnosis, increased severity, or cross-protection. This study examined the potential cross-reactivity of anti-DENV and CHIKV antibodies with SARS-CoV-2 using acute and convalescent-phase samples collected before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. These included healthy, normal human (NHS, n = 6), CHIKV-positive (n = 14 pairs acute and convalescent), primary DENV-positive (n = 20 pairs), secondary DENV-positive (n = 20 pairs), and other febrile illnesses sera (n = 23 pairs). Samples were tested using an in-house SARS-CoV-2 and a EUROIMMUN IgA and IgG ELISAs. All NHS samples were negative, whereas 3.6% CHIKV, 21.7% primary DENV, 15.7% secondary DENV, and 10.8% febrile diseases sera resulted as anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody positive. The EUROIMMUN ELISA using spike 1 as the antigen detected more positives among the primary DENV infections than the in-house ELISA using spike 1-receptor binding domain (RBD) protein. Among ELISA-positive samples, four had detectable neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 reporter virus particles yet none had detectable neutralizing antibodies against the live Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2. These data demonstrated the SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic cross-reactivity, but not neutralizing antibody cross-reactivity, among dengue seropositive cases. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 continues to cause significant morbidity globally, including in areas where DENV and CHIKV are endemic. Reports using rapid diagnostic and ELISAs have demonstrated that serological cross-reactivity between DENV and SARS-CoV-2 can occur. Furthermore, it has been observed that convalescent DENV patients are at a lower risk of developing COVID-19. This phenomenon can interfere with the accuracy of serological testing and clinical management of both DENV and COVID-19 patients. In this study, the cross-reactivity of primary/secondary anti-DENV, CHIKV, and other febrile illness antibodies with SARS-CoV-2 using two ELISAs has been shown. Among ELISA-positive samples, four had detectable levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 reporter virus particles. However, none had detectable neutralizing antibodies against the live Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2. These data demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic cross-reactivity, but not neutralizing antibody cross-reactivity, among dengue seropositive cases. The data discussed here provide information regarding diagnosis and may help guide appropriate public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taweewun Hunsawong
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Darunee Buddhari
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonthip Rungrojcharoenkit
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungarun Suthangkornkul
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangrat Mongkolsirichaikul
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jindarat Lohachanakul
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kedsara Tayong
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanittha Sirikajornpan
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prinyada Rodpradit
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yongyuth Poolpanichupatam
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonticha Klungthong
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Darunee Utennam
- Research Division, Royal Thai Army, Armed Force Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Thomas S. Cotrone
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anthony R. Jones
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Schmeller DS, Urbach D, Bates K, Catalan J, Cogălniceanu D, Fisher MC, Friesen J, Füreder L, Gaube V, Haver M, Jacobsen D, Le Roux G, Lin YP, Loyau A, Machate O, Mayer A, Palomo I, Plutzar C, Sentenac H, Sommaruga R, Tiberti R, Ripple WJ. Scientists' warning of threats to mountains. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158611. [PMID: 36087665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mountains are an essential component of the global life-support system. They are characterized by a rugged, heterogenous landscape with rapidly changing environmental conditions providing myriad ecological niches over relatively small spatial scales. Although montane species are well adapted to life at extremes, they are highly vulnerable to human derived ecosystem threats. Here we build on the manifesto 'World Scientists' Warning to Humanity', issued by the Alliance of World Scientists, to outline the major threats to mountain ecosystems. We highlight climate change as the greatest threat to mountain ecosystems, which are more impacted than their lowland counterparts. We further discuss the cascade of "knock-on" effects of climate change such as increased UV radiation, altered hydrological cycles, and altered pollution profiles; highlighting the biological and socio-economic consequences. Finally, we present how intensified use of mountains leads to overexploitation and abstraction of water, driving changes in carbon stock, reducing biodiversity, and impacting ecosystem functioning. These perturbations can provide opportunities for invasive species, parasites and pathogens to colonize these fragile habitats, driving further changes and losses of micro- and macro-biodiversity, as well further impacting ecosystem services. Ultimately, imbalances in the normal functioning of mountain ecosystems will lead to changes in vital biological, biochemical, and chemical processes, critically reducing ecosystem health with widespread repercussions for animal and human wellbeing. Developing tools in species/habitat conservation and future restoration is therefore essential if we are to effectively mitigate against the declining health of mountains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davnah Urbach
- Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Kieran Bates
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK; MRC Centre for GlobaI Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.
| | - Jordi Catalan
- CREAF Campus UAB, Edifici C, Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain; CSIC, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain.
| | - Dan Cogălniceanu
- Ovidius University Constanţa, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agricultural Sciences, Al. Universităţii 1, 900470 Constanţa, Romania
| | - Matthew C Fisher
- MRC Centre for GlobaI Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Jan Friesen
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Leopold Füreder
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Veronika Gaube
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Social Ecology (SEC), Schottenfeldgasse 29, Austria.
| | - Marilen Haver
- LEFE, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Dean Jacobsen
- Freshwater Biological Section, Dept. Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Gael Le Roux
- LEFE, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Yu-Pin Lin
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
| | - Adeline Loyau
- LEFE, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Oliver Machate
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Mayer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Social Ecology (SEC), Schottenfeldgasse 29, Austria.
| | - Ignacio Palomo
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP*, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Christoph Plutzar
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Social Ecology (SEC), Schottenfeldgasse 29, Austria.
| | - Hugo Sentenac
- LEFE, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Ruben Sommaruga
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Rocco Tiberti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences - DSTA, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - William J Ripple
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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12
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Lozano S, Pritts K, Duguma D, Fredregill C, Connelly R. Independent evaluation of Wolbachia infected male mosquito releases for control of Aedes aegypti in Harris County, Texas, using a Bayesian abundance estimator. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010907. [PMID: 36374939 PMCID: PMC9704758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among disease vectors, Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the most insidious species in the world. The disease burden created by this species has dramatically increased in the past 50 years, and during this time countries have relied on pesticides for control and prevention of viruses borne by Ae. aegypti. The small number of available insecticides with different modes of action had led to increases in insecticide resistance, thus, strategies, like the "Incompatible Insect Technique" using Wolbachia's cytoplasmic incompatibility are desirable. We evaluated the effect of releases of Wolbachia infected Ae. aegypti males on populations of wild Ae. aegypti in the metropolitan area of Houston, TX. Releases were conducted by the company MosquitoMate, Inc. To estimate mosquito population reduction, we used a mosquito abundance Bayesian hierarchical estimator that accounted for inefficient trapping. MosquitoMate previously reported a reduction of 78% for an intervention conducted in Miami, FL. In this experiment we found a reduction of 93% with 95% credibility intervals of 86% and 96% after six weeks of continual releases. A similar result was reported by Verily Life Sciences, 96% [94%, 97%], in releases made in Fresno, CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Lozano
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kevin Pritts
- Western Gulf Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dagne Duguma
- Harris County Public Health, Mosquito and Vector Control Division, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chris Fredregill
- Harris County Public Health, Mosquito and Vector Control Division, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roxanne Connelly
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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13
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Nova N, Athni TS, Childs ML, Mandle L, Mordecai EA. Global Change and Emerging Infectious Diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF RESOURCE ECONOMICS 2022; 14:333-354. [PMID: 38371741 PMCID: PMC10871673 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-resource-111820-024214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Our world is undergoing rapid planetary changes driven by human activities, often mediated by economic incentives and resource management, affecting all life on Earth. Concurrently, many infectious diseases have recently emerged or spread into new populations. Mounting evidence suggests that global change-including climate change, land-use change, urbanization, and global movement of individuals, species, and goods-may be accelerating disease emergence by reshaping ecological systems in concert with socioeconomic factors. Here, we review insights, approaches, and mechanisms by which global change drives disease emergence from a disease ecology perspective. We aim to spur more interdisciplinary collaboration with economists and identification of more effective and sustainable interventions to prevent disease emergence. While almost all infectious diseases change in response to global change, the mechanisms and directions of these effects are system specific, requiring new, integrated approaches to disease control that recognize linkages between environmental and economic sustainability and human and planetary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Nova
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tejas S Athni
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Marissa L Childs
- Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lisa Mandle
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Erin A Mordecai
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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14
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Barker JR, MacIsaac HJ. Species distribution models: Administrative boundary centroid occurrences require careful interpretation. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Edillo F, Ymbong RR, Cabahug MM, Labiros D, Suycano MW, Lambrechts L, Sakuntabhai A. Yearly variations of the genetic structure of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Philippines (2017-2019). INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 102:105296. [PMID: 35526823 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is the fastest emerging arboviral disease in the world, imposing a substantial health and economic burden in the tropics and subtropics. The mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the primary vector of dengue in the Philippines. We examined the genetic structure of Ae. aegypti populations collected from the Philippine major islands (Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao), each with highland (Baguio city, Cebu city mountains and Maramag, Bukidnon, respectively) and lowland sites (Quezon city; Liloan, Cebu and Cagayan de Oro [CDO] city, respectively) during the wet (2017-2018 and 2018-2019) and dry seasons (2018 and 2019). Mosquitoes (n = 1800) were reared from field-collected eggs and immatures, and were analyzed using 12 microsatellite loci. Generalized linear model analyses revealed yearly variations between highlands and lowlands in the major islands as supported by Bayesian clustering analyses on: 1) stronger selection (inbreeding coefficient, FIS = 0.52) in 2017-2018 than in 2018-2019 (FIS = 0.32) as influenced by rainfall, 2) the number of non-neutral loci indicating selection, and 3) differences of effective population size although at p = 0.05. Across sites except Baguio and CDO cities: 1) FIS varied seasonally as influenced by relative humidity (RH), and 2) the number of non-neutral loci varied as influenced by RH and rainfall indicating selection. Human-mediated activities and not isolation by distance influenced genetic differentiations of mosquito populations within (FST = 0.04) the major islands and across sites (global FST = 0.16). Gene flow (Nm) and potential first generation migrants among populations were observed between lowlands and highlands within and across major islands. Our results suggest that dengue control strategies in the epidemic wet season are to be changed into whole year-round approach, and water pipelines are to be installed in rural mountains to prevent the potential breeding sites of mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Edillo
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos - Talamban campus, Cebu city 6000, Philippines.
| | - Rhoniel Ryan Ymbong
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos - Talamban campus, Cebu city 6000, Philippines.
| | - Maureen Mathilde Cabahug
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos - Talamban campus, Cebu city 6000, Philippines
| | - Dinesse Labiros
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos - Talamban campus, Cebu city 6000, Philippines
| | - Mark Windy Suycano
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos - Talamban campus, Cebu city 6000, Philippines
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France.
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16
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Phuyal P, Kramer IM, Kuch U, Magdeburg A, Groneberg DA, Lamichhane Dhimal M, Montag D, Harapan H, Wouters E, Jha AK, Dhimal M, Müller R. The knowledge, attitude and practice of community people on dengue fever in Central Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:454. [PMID: 35549884 PMCID: PMC9096776 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since 2006, Nepal has experienced frequent Dengue fever (DF) outbreaks. Up to now, there have been no knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) studies carried out on DF in Nepal that have included qualitative in-depth and quantitative data. Thus, we aimed to explore and compare the KAP of people residing in the lowland (< 1500 m) and highland (> 1500 m) areas of Nepal.
Methods A cross-sectional mixed-method study was conducted in six districts of central Nepal in September–October 2018 including both quantitative (660 household surveys) and qualitative data (12 focus group discussions and 27 in-depth interviews). The KAP assessment was executed using a scoring system and defined as high or low based on 80% cut-off point. Logistic regression was used to investigate the associated factors, in quantitative analysis. The deductive followed by inductive approach was adopted to identify the themes in the qualitative data. Results The study revealed that both the awareness about DF and prevention measures were low. Among the surveyed participants, 40.6% had previously heard about DF with a significantly higher number in the lowland areas. Similarly, IDI and FGD participants from the lowland areas were aware about DF, and it’s associated symptoms, hence they were adopting better preventive practices against DF. The findings of both the qualitative and quantitative data indicate that people residing in the lowland areas had better knowledge on DF compared to people in highland areas. All IDI participants perceived a higher chance of increasing future dengue outbreaks due to increasing temperature and the mobility of infected people from endemic to non-endemic areas. The most quoted sources of information were the television (71.8%) and radio (51.5%). Overall, only 2.3% of the HHS participants obtained high knowledge scores, 74.1% obtained high attitude scores and 21.2% obtained high preventive practice scores on DF. Among the socio-demographic variables, the area of residence, educational level, age, monthly income, SES and occupation were independent predictors of knowledge level, while the education level of the participants was an independent predictor of the attitude level. Conclusions Our study found a very low level of knowledge and insufficient preventive practices. This highlights an urgent need for extensive dengue prevention programs in both highland and lowland communities of Nepal. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07404-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parbati Phuyal
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Isabelle Marie Kramer
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kuch
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Magdeburg
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David A Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal
- Policy Research Institute (PRI), Kathmandu, Nepal.,Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies (GIIS), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Doreen Montag
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.,Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Edwin Wouters
- Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Meghnath Dhimal
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ruth Müller
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Unit Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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17
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Hartke J, Reuss F, Kramer IM, Magdeburg A, Deblauwe I, Tuladhar R, Gautam I, Dhimal M, Müller R. A barcoding pipeline for mosquito surveillance in Nepal, a biodiverse dengue-endemic country. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:145. [PMID: 35462529 PMCID: PMC9035287 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vector-borne diseases are on the rise on a global scale, which is anticipated to further accelerate because of anthropogenic climate change. Resource-limited regions are especially hard hit by this increment with the currently implemented surveillance programs being inadequate for the observed expansion of potential vector species. Cost-effective methods that can be easily implemented in resource-limited settings, e.g. under field conditions, are thus urgently needed to function as an early warning system for vector-borne disease epidemics. Our aim was to enhance entomological capacity in Nepal, a country with endemicity of numerous vector-borne diseases and with frequent outbreaks of dengue fever. Methods We used a field barcoding pipeline based on DNA nanopore sequencing (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) and verified its use for different mosquito life stages and storage methods. We furthermore hosted an online workshop to facilitate knowledge transfer to Nepalese scientific experts from different disciplines. Results The use of the barcoding pipeline could be verified for adult mosquitos and eggs, as well as for homogenized samples, dried specimens, samples that were stored in ethanol and frozen tissue. The transfer of knowledge was successful, as reflected by feedback from the participants and their wish to implement the method. Conclusions Cost effective strategies are urgently needed to assess the likelihood of disease outbreaks. We were able to show that field sequencing provides a solution that is cost-effective, undemanding in its implementation and easy to learn. The knowledge transfer to Nepalese scientific experts from different disciplines provides an opportunity for sustainable implementation of low-cost portable sequencing solutions in Nepal. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05255-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hartke
- Unit Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Friederike Reuss
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Isabelle Marie Kramer
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Magdeburg
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Isra Deblauwe
- Unit Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Reshma Tuladhar
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ishan Gautam
- Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Meghnath Dhimal
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
| | - Ruth Müller
- Unit Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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18
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Romiti F, Casini R, Magliano A, Ermenegildi A, De Liberato C. Aedes albopictus abundance and phenology along an altitudinal gradient in Lazio region (central Italy). Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:92. [PMID: 35303950 PMCID: PMC8931972 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse 1894), which is native to Southeast Asia, is among the top 100 invasive species worldwide and one of the most troubling vector species. It has become established in more than 20 European countries. Since its arrival in Italy in the 1990s, the species has colonized all the regions of the country, up to an altitude of 600 m. Nevertheless, no thorough investigation has ever been performed to confirm or extend its elevation limit (EL) in Italy. Methods To define the EL of Ae. albopictus and analyse its phenology along an altitudinal gradient, we carried out an investigation by means of ovitraps placed in Lazio region, central Italy. Sampling was performed on a weekly basis in 13 villages within five 200-m altitudinal ranges [0–1000 m above sea level (asl)], with the addition of higher localities to the species range whenever the species was recorded in the highest range. Results Aedes albopictus has colonized sites well beyond its known EL, with established populations at 900 m asl and positive ovitraps recorded at 1193 m asl. The relationship between egg abundance and elevation was described by an exponential decay regression, which predicted an EL for oviposition at 1015 m asl. In the active season, egg-laying started earlier at low altitude and ended earlier within the highest altitudinal range. Aedes albopictus abundance and activity period (number of days active) decreased, respectively, by 95% and 34% from the lowest to the highest altitudinal range. Conclusions Using data from the present study, the altitudinal limit of Ae. albopictus in central Italy was updated from 600 to 900 m asl. In addition, established populations were predicted to exist up to 1015 m asl. Considering that up to 99.5% of Lazio region’s inhabitants could potentially be affected by Aedes-borne virus outbreaks, the surveillance area for Ae. albopictus should be expanded accordingly. However, our results also indicate that Ae. albopictus surveillance programs need to be revised in order to harmonize the resources earmarked for these with the altitudinal changes in the phenology of this species. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Romiti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178, Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Casini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele Magliano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Ermenegildi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio De Liberato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178, Rome, Italy
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19
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Edillo F, Ymbong RR, Bolneo AA, Hernandez RJ, Fuentes BL, Cortes G, Cabrera J, Lazaro JE, Sakuntabhai A. Temperature, season, and latitude influence development-related phenotypes of Philippine Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus): Implications for dengue control amidst global warming. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:74. [PMID: 35248140 PMCID: PMC8898531 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is endemic in the Philippines. Aedes aegypti is the primary vector. This study aimed to determine the hatching behavior and viability of Ae. aegypti first-generation (F1) eggs when exposed to temperature and photoperiod regimes under laboratory conditions. Methods Parental eggs were collected from selected highland and lowland sites in the Philippine big islands (Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao) during the wet (2017–2018) and dry (2018) seasons. F1 egg cohorts were exposed separately in environmental chambers at 18, 25, and 38 °C with respective photoperiods for 6 weeks. Phenotypes (percent pharate larvae [PPL], hatch rates [HRs], and reproductive outputs [ROs]) were determined. Results Results of multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) between seasons showed significant main effects of temperature, season, and big island on all phenotypes across all sites. Significant interaction effects between seasons on all phenotypes across sites were shown between or among (1) season and big island, (2) season and temperature, (3) big island and temperature, (4) season, big island, and temperature, (5) big island, altitude, and temperature, and (6) season, big island, altitude, and temperature. Factors associated with the big islands might include their ecology, available breeding sites, and day lengths due to latitudinal differences, although they were not measured in the field. MANOVA results within each season on all phenotypes across sites showed (1) significant main effects of big island and temperature, and (2) significant interaction effects between big island and temperature within the wet season and (3) between temperature and photoperiod within the dry season. PPL were highest at 18 °C and were formed even at 38 °C in both seasons. Pharate larvae might play an adaptive role in global warming, expanded distribution to highlands, and preponderance to transmit human diseases. HRs in both seasons were highest at 25 °C and lowest at 38 °C. ROs were highest at 25 °C in the wet season and at 18 °C in the dry season. Conclusions Temperature and latitude of Philippine big islands influenced the development-related phenotypes of Ae. aegypti in both seasons. The two seasons influenced the phenotypes and their interaction effects with big island and/or temperature and/or altitude. Recommendations include year-round enhanced 4S control strategies for mosquito vectors and water pipeline installation in rural highlands. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05186-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Edillo
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Biology Department, University of San Carlos-Talamban Campus, Cebu City, Philippines.
| | - Rhoniel Ryan Ymbong
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Biology Department, University of San Carlos-Talamban Campus, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Alyssa Angel Bolneo
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Biology Department, University of San Carlos-Talamban Campus, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Ric Jacob Hernandez
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Biology Department, University of San Carlos-Talamban Campus, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Bianca Louise Fuentes
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Biology Department, University of San Carlos-Talamban Campus, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Garren Cortes
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Biology Department, University of San Carlos-Talamban Campus, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Joseph Cabrera
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Biology Department, University of San Carlos-Talamban Campus, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Jose Enrico Lazaro
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75015, Paris, France
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20
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Has COVID-19 suppressed dengue transmission in Nepal? Epidemiol Infect 2021; 150:e196. [PMID: 36444137 PMCID: PMC9744445 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822001790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the report of the first COVID-19 case in Nepal on 23 January 2020, three major waves were documented between 2020 and 2021. By the end of July 2022, 986 596 cases of confirmed COVID-19 and 11 967 deaths had been reported and 70.5% of the population had received at least two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. Prior to the pandemic, a large dengue virus (DENV) epidemic affected 68 out of 77 districts, with 17 932 cases and six deaths recorded in 2019. In contrast, the country's Epidemiology and Disease Control Division reported 530 and 540 dengue cases in the pandemic period (2020 and 2021), respectively. Furthermore, Kathmandu reported just 63 dengue cases during 2020 and 2021, significantly lower than the 1463 cases reported in 2019. Serological assay showed 3.2% positivity rates for anti-dengue immunoglobulin M antibodies during the pandemic period, contrasting with 26.9-40% prior to it. Real-time polymerase chain reaction for DENV showed a 0.5% positive rate during the COVID-19 pandemic which is far lower than the 57.0% recorded in 2019. Continuing analyses of dengue incidence and further strengthening of surveillance and collaboration at the regional and international levels are required to fully understand whether the reduction in dengue incidence/transmission were caused by movement restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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21
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Dhimal M, Bhandari D, Dhimal ML, Kafle N, Pyakurel P, Mahotra N, Akhtar S, Ismail T, Dhiman RC, Groneberg DA, Shrestha UB, Müller R. Impact of Climate Change on Health and Well-Being of People in Hindu Kush Himalayan Region: A Narrative Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:651189. [PMID: 34421631 PMCID: PMC8378503 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.651189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change and variability affect virtually everyone and every region of the world but the effects are nowhere more prominent than in mountain regions and people living therein. The Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region is a vast expanse encompassing 18% of the world’s mountainous area. Sprawling over 4.3 million km2, the HKH region occupies areas of eight countries namely Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, and Pakistan. The HKH region is warming at a rate higher than the global average and precipitation has also increased significantly over the last 6 decades along with increased frequency and intensity of some extreme events. Changes in temperature and precipitation have affected and will like to affect the climate-dependent sectors such as hydrology, agriculture, biodiversity, and human health. This paper aims to document how climate change has impacted and will impact, health and well-being of the people in the HKH region and offers adaptation and mitigation measures to reduce the impacts of climate change on health and well-being of the people. In the HKH region, climate change boosts infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), malnutrition, and injuries. Hence, climate change adaptation and mitigation measures are needed urgently to safeguard vulnerable populations residing in the HKH region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghnath Dhimal
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Dinesh Bhandari
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal
- Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, Lalitpur, Nepal.,Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Prajjwal Pyakurel
- Department of Community Medicine, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Narayan Mahotra
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ramesh C Dhiman
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - David A Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Ruth Müller
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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22
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Kramer IM, Pfeiffer M, Steffens O, Schneider F, Gerger V, Phuyal P, Braun M, Magdeburg A, Ahrens B, Groneberg DA, Kuch U, Dhimal M, Müller R. The ecophysiological plasticity of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus concerning overwintering in cooler ecoregions is driven by local climate and acclimation capacity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146128. [PMID: 34030376 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus transmit diseases such as dengue, and are of major public health concern. Driven by climate change and global trade/travel both species have recently spread to new tropic/subtropic regions and Ae. albopictus also to temperate ecoregions. The capacity of both species to adapt to new environments depends on their ecophysiological plasticity, which is the width of functional niches where a species can survive. Mechanistic distribution models often neglect to incorporate ecophysiological plasticity especially in regards to overwintering capacity in cooler habitats. To portray the ecophysiological plasticity concerning overwintering capability, we conducted temperature experiments with multiple populations of both species originating from an altitudinal gradient in South Asia and tested as follows: the cold tolerance of eggs (-2 °C- 8 days and - 6 °C- 2 days) without and with an experimental winter onset (acclimation: 10 °C- 60 days), differences between a South Asian and a European Ae. albopictus population and the temperature response in life cycles (13 °C, 18 °C, 23 °C, 28 °C). Ecophysiological plasticity in overwintering capacity in Ae. aegypti is high in populations originating from low altitude and in Ae. albopictus populations from high altitude. Overall, ecophysiological plasticity is higher in Ae. albopictus compared to Ae. aegypti. In both species acclimation and in Ae. albopictus temperate continental origin had a huge positive effect on survival. Our results indicate that future mechanistic prediction models can include data on winter survivorship of both, tropic and subtropic Ae. aegypti, whereas for Ae. albopictus this depends on the respective temperate, tropical region the model is focusing on. Future research should address cold tolerance in multiple populations worldwide to evaluate the full potential of the ecophysiological plasticity in the two species. Furthermore, we found that Ae. aegypti can survive winter cold especially when acclimated and will probably further spread to colder ecoregions driven by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Marie Kramer
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Marie Pfeiffer
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Oliver Steffens
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Friederike Schneider
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Viviane Gerger
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Parbati Phuyal
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Markus Braun
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Axel Magdeburg
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Bodo Ahrens
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - David A Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Kuch
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | | | - Ruth Müller
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Unit Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
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23
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Gyawali N, Johnson BJ, Dixit SM, Devine GJ. Patterns of dengue in Nepal from 2010-2019 in relation to elevation and climate. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:741-749. [PMID: 33197254 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding and describing the regional and climatic patterns associated with increasing dengue epidemics in Nepal is critical to improving vector and disease surveillance and targeting control efforts. METHODS We investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of annual dengue incidence in Nepal from 2010 to 2019, and the impacts of seasonal meteorological conditions (mean maximum, minimum temperature and precipitation) and elevation on those patterns. RESULTS More than 25 000 laboratory-confirmed dengue cases were reported from 2010 to 2019. Epidemiological trends suggest that dengue epidemics are cyclical with major outbreaks occurring at 2- to 3-y intervals. A significant negative relationship between dengue incidence and increasing elevation (metres above sea level) driven by temperature was observed (p<0.05) with dengue risk being greatest below 500 m. Risk was moderate between 500 and 1500 m and decreased substantially above 1500 m. Over the last decade, increased nightly temperatures during the monsoon months correlated with increased transmission (p<0.05). No other significant relationship was observed between annual dengue cases or incidence and climatological factors. CONCLUSIONS The spatial analysis and interpretation of dengue incidence over the last decade in Nepal confirms that dengue is now a well-established public health threat of increasing importance, particularly in low elevation zones and urbanised areas with a tropical or subtropical climate. Seasonal variations in temperature during the monsoon months are associated with increased transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Gyawali
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.,Biomedical Research Unit, Centre for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Brian J Johnson
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sameer M Dixit
- Biomedical Research Unit, Centre for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Gregor J Devine
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
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24
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Tidman R, Abela-Ridder B, de Castañeda RR. The impact of climate change on neglected tropical diseases: a systematic review. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:147-168. [PMID: 33508094 PMCID: PMC7842100 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a diverse group of diseases that continue to affect >1 billion people, with these diseases disproportionately impacting vulnerable populations and territories. Climate change is having an increasing impact on public health in tropical and subtropical areas and across the world and can affect disease distribution and transmission in potentially diverse ways. Improving our understanding of how climate change influences NTDs can help identify populations at risk to include in future public health interventions. Articles were identified by searching electronic databases for reports of climate change and NTDs between 1 January 2010 and 1 March 2020. Climate change may influence the emergence and re-emergence of multiple NTDs, particularly those that involve a vector or intermediate host for transmission. Although specific predictions are conflicting depending on the geographic area, the type of NTD and associated vectors and hosts, it is anticipated that multiple NTDs will have changes in their transmission period and geographic range and will likely encroach on regions and populations that have been previously unaffected. There is a need for improved surveillance and monitoring to identify areas of NTD incursion and emergence and include these in future public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tidman
- Consultant, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernadette Abela-Ridder
- Department of the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Ruiz de Castañeda
- Department of the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Global Health, Department of Community Health and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Ecological, Social, and Other Environmental Determinants of Dengue Vector Abundance in Urban and Rural Areas of Northeastern Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115971. [PMID: 34199508 PMCID: PMC8199701 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue globally. The variables that influence the abundance of dengue vectors are numerous and complex. This has generated a need to focus on areas at risk of disease transmission, the spatial-temporal distribution of vectors, and the factors that modulate vector abundance. To help guide and improve vector-control efforts, this study identified the ecological, social, and other environmental risk factors that affect the abundance of adult female and immature Ae. aegypti in households in urban and rural areas of northeastern Thailand. A one-year entomological study was conducted in four villages of northeastern Thailand between January and December 2019. Socio-demographic; self-reported prior dengue infections; housing conditions; durable asset ownership; water management; characteristics of water containers; knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding climate change and dengue; and climate data were collected. Household crowding index (HCI), premise condition index (PCI), socio-economic status (SES), and entomological indices (HI, CI, BI, and PI) were calculated. Negative binomial generalized linear models (GLMs) were fitted to identify the risk factors associated with the abundance of adult females and immature Ae. aegypti. Urban sites had higher entomological indices and numbers of adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes than rural sites. Overall, participants’ KAP about climate change and dengue were low in both settings. The fitted GLM showed that a higher abundance of adult female Ae. aegypti was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with many factors, such as a low education level of household respondents, crowded households, poor premise conditions, surrounding house density, bathrooms located indoors, unscreened windows, high numbers of wet containers, a lack of adult control, prior dengue infections, poor climate change adaptation, dengue, and vector-related practices. Many of the above were also significantly associated with a high abundance of immature mosquito stages. The GLM model also showed that maximum and mean temperature with four-and one-to-two weeks of lag were significant predictors (p < 0.05) of the abundance of adult and immature mosquitoes, respectively, in northeastern Thailand. The low KAP regarding climate change and dengue highlights the engagement needs for vector-borne disease prevention in this region. The identified risk factors are important for the critical first step toward developing routine Aedes surveillance and reliable early warning systems for effective dengue and other mosquito-borne disease prevention and control strategies at the household and community levels in this region and similar settings elsewhere.
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26
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Lani R, Agharbaoui FE, Hassandarvish P, Teoh BT, Sam SS, Zandi K, Rahman NA, AbuBakar S. In silico studies of fisetin and silymarin as novel chikungunya virus nonstructural proteins inhibitors. Future Virol 2021. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is often characterized by fever, rash and arthralgia. Until now, there is no vaccine or antiviral drug available for this disease. Two flavonoid compounds, silymarin and fisetin, were reported to be able to inhibit CHIKV replication. Materials & methods: The interaction between the flavonoid compounds and two CHIKV nonstructural proteins (nsP2 and nsP3) were investigated through molecular docking supported with other analysis such as molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculation. Results: The compounds establish potent, stable and flexible interaction with the binding pocket of the two target proteins. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study support the previously published experimental data on anti-CHIKV activity of the compounds by highlighting the interactions with the proteins’ key residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafidah Lani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Boon Teong Teoh
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sing Sin Sam
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Keivan Zandi
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Noorsaadah Abd Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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27
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Climate predicts geographic and temporal variation in mosquito-borne disease dynamics on two continents. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1233. [PMID: 33623008 PMCID: PMC7902664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate drives population dynamics through multiple mechanisms, which can lead to seemingly context-dependent effects of climate on natural populations. For climate-sensitive diseases, such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, climate appears to have opposing effects in different contexts. Here we show that a model, parameterized with laboratory measured climate-driven mosquito physiology, captures three key epidemic characteristics across ecologically and culturally distinct settings in Ecuador and Kenya: the number, timing, and duration of outbreaks. The model generates a range of disease dynamics consistent with observed Aedes aegypti abundances and laboratory-confirmed arboviral incidence with variable accuracy (28–85% for vectors, 44–88% for incidence). The model predicted vector dynamics better in sites with a smaller proportion of young children in the population, lower mean temperature, and homes with piped water and made of cement. Models with limited calibration that robustly capture climate-virus relationships can help guide intervention efforts and climate change disease projections. The effects of climate on vector-borne disease systems are highly context-dependent. Here, the authors incorporate laboratory-measured physiological traits of the mosquito Aedes aegypti into climate-driven mechanistic models to predict number, timing, and duration of outbreaks in Ecuador and Kenya.
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28
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Juarez JG, Garcia-Luna SM, Medeiros MCI, Dickinson KL, Borucki MK, Frank M, Badillo-Vargas I, Chaves LF, Hamer GL. The Eco-Bio-Social Factors That Modulate Aedes aegypti Abundance in South Texas Border Communities. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020183. [PMID: 33670064 PMCID: PMC7926310 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The Aedes aegypti mosquito is distributed worldwide and has become a major public health concern due to its proclivity for the urban environment, human feeding behavior, and ability to transmit agents of diseases such as Zika, chikungunya, and dengue. In the continental United States, the region known as the Lower Rio Grande Valley is one of the few areas with local mosquito transmission of these pathogens transmitted by Ae. aegypti. With limited resources for mosquito control in this region, understanding the ecological, biological, and social factors that affect Ae. aegypti population can help guide and improve current control efforts. We were able to observe widespread knowledge regarding Zika, but with very low importance given to mosquitoes as a problem. We found that the presence of window-mounted air conditioning units, number of windows and doors, characteristics of the property, and presence of children in the household all influenced the abundance of Ae. aegypti. The current results not only show a need for improved community engagement for increasing disease and mosquito risk awareness, but also provide risk factors that can guide current vector control activities. Abstract Aedes aegypti control requires dedicated resources that are usually scarce, limiting the reach and sustainability of vector control programs. This generates a need to focus on areas at risk of disease transmission and also understand the factors that might modulate local mosquito abundance. We evaluated the eco-bio-social factors that modulate indoor and outdoor relative abundance of female Ae. aegypti in communities of South Texas. We conducted housing quality and Knowledge Attitudes and Practices surveys in households that were part of a weekly mosquito surveillance program in November of 2017 and 2018. Our results showed widespread knowledge of mosquitoes and Zika virus by our participants. However, less than 35% considered them as serious problems in this region. The presence of window-mounted air conditioning units increased the risk of female mosquito relative abundance indoors. An increase in outdoor relative abundance was associated with larger properties and a higher number of children between 6 to 17 years of age. Interestingly, we observed that an increasing number of children <5 years of age modulated both indoor and outdoor relative abundance, with a 52% increase indoors and 30% decrease outdoors. The low perception of mosquito and disease risk highlights engagement needs for vector-borne disease prevention in this region. The identified risk factors can help guide public health officials in their efforts to reduce human and vector contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose G. Juarez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.M.G.-L.); (I.B.-V.)
- Correspondence: (J.G.J.); (G.L.H.)
| | - Selene M. Garcia-Luna
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.M.G.-L.); (I.B.-V.)
| | - Matthew C. I. Medeiros
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | - Katherine L. Dickinson
- Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Monica K. Borucki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.K.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Matthias Frank
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.K.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Ismael Badillo-Vargas
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.M.G.-L.); (I.B.-V.)
| | - Luis F. Chaves
- Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Tres Ríos 4-2250, Cartago, Costa Rica;
| | - Gabriel L. Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.M.G.-L.); (I.B.-V.)
- Correspondence: (J.G.J.); (G.L.H.)
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Risk Factors for Chikungunya Virus Outbreak in Somali Region of Ethiopia, 2019: Unmatched Case-Control Study. Adv Virol 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8847906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Chikungunya virus is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus transmitted by a mosquito bite. Chikungunya virus outbreaks are characterized by rapid spread, and the disease manifests as acute fever. This study aimed at determining risk factors for chikungunya virus outbreak to apply appropriate prevention and control measures. Methods. Unmatched case-control study was performed to identify risk factors of chikungunya outbreak in Somali region of Ethiopia in 2019. Cases and controls were enrolled with 1 : 2 ratio. All cases during the study period (74 cases) and 148 controls were included in the study. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were implemented. The serum samples were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction at Ethiopian Public Health Institute Laboratory. Results. A total of 74 chikungunya fever cases were reported starting from 19th May 2019 to 8th June 2019. Not using bed net at daytime sleeping (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 20.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4–66.7), presence of open water holding container (AOR: 4.0; CI: 1.2–3.5), presence of larvae in water holding container (AOR: 4.8; CI: 1.4–16.8), ill person with similar signs and symptoms in the family or neighbors (AOR: 27.9; CI: 6.5–120.4), and not wearing full body cover clothes (AOR: 8.1; CI: 2.2–30.1) were significant risk factors. Conclusion. Not using bed net at daytime sleeping, presence of open water holding container, presence of larvae in water holding container, ill person with similar signs and symptoms in the family or neighbors, and not wearing full body cover clothes are risk factors for chikungunya virus outbreak.
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Manandhar KD, McCauley M, Gupta BP, Kurmi R, Adhikari A, Nguyen AV, Elong Ngono A, Zompi S, Sessions OM, Shresta S. Whole Genome Sequencing of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 from Two Clinical Isolates and Serological Profile of Dengue in the 2015-2016 Nepal Outbreak. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:115-120. [PMID: 33073748 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases, and up to half of the world's population is at risk for infection. Recent results from clinical trials have shown that DENV vaccination can induce the development of severe dengue disease and/or prolong hospitalization after natural infection in certain naive populations. Thus, it is crucial that vaccine development takes into account the history of DENV exposure in the targeted population. In Nepal, DENV infection was first documented in 2004, and despite the increasing prevalence of DENV infection, the population remains relatively naive. However, it is not known which of the four DENV serotypes circulate in Nepal or whether there is evidence of repeated exposure to DENV in the Nepali population. To address this, we studied 112 patients who presented with symptomology suspicious for DENV infection at clinics throughout Nepal during late 2015 and early 2016. Of the 112 patients examined, 39 showed serological and/or genetic evidence of primary or secondary DENV infection: 30 were positive for DENV exposure by IgM/IgG ELISA, two by real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and seven by both methods. Dengue virus 1-3, but not DENV4, serotypes were detected by RT-PCR. Whole genome sequencing of two DENV2 strains isolated from patients with primary and secondary infections suggests that DENV was introduced into Nepal through India, with which it shares a porous border. Further study is needed to better define the DENV epidemic in Nepal, a country with limited scientific resources and infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Das Manandhar
- 1Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California.,2Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Melanie McCauley
- 1Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California.,3Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Birendra Prasad Gupta
- 1Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California.,2Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | | | - Anurag Adhikari
- 2Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Anh-Viet Nguyen
- 1Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Annie Elong Ngono
- 1Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Simona Zompi
- 5Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California
| | - October M Sessions
- 6Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,7Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,8Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sujan Shresta
- 1Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California.,3Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Pedrosa MC, Borges MAZ, Eiras ÁE, Caldas S, Cecílio AB, Brito MF, Ribeiro SP. Invasion of Tropical Montane Cities by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Depends on Continuous Warm Winters and Suitable Urban Biotopes. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:333-342. [PMID: 32785582 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We provide the first evidence of a recent invasion of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus in Hasselquist, 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse 1894), followed by dengue virus, in tropical montane cities in south-eastern Brazil, Mariana, and Ouro Preto, at mid and high altitudes, respectively. Long-term temperature variation, dengue public data, and sampling of immature and adult mosquitoes (ovitraps and mosquitraps) in contrasting habitats were used to explain the distribution of Aedes in what in these two cities. From 1961 to 2014, the annual temperature increased significantly due to increases in winter temperatures. In the 1990s/2000s, the winter temperature was 1.3°C warmer than in the 1960s, when it varied from 21.2 to 18.9°C. After 2007, the winter temperatures increased and ranged from 21.6 to 21.3°C. The first autochthonous dengue cases in Mariana and Ouro Preto were in 2007, followed by few occurrences until in 2012, when the mean numbers increased three-fold, and peak at 2013. The continuous 'warmer winter' may have trigged the Aedes invasion. Aedes species benefited from higher winter temperatures, which was an important driver of their invasion of the state of Minas Gerais in the 1980s and, more recently, in the remaining montane urban habitats in this region. In both 2009 and 2011, we found more Aedes in Mariana than Ouro Preto, and more Ae. albopictus in green areas and Ae. aegypti in houses, the expected pattern for well-established populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cristine Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Ecohealth, Canopy Insects and Natural Succession. Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, Campus Universitário, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Magno Augusto Zazá Borges
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Controle Biológico de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Campus Universitário Professor Darcy Ribeiro, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Eduardo Eiras
- Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica e Empreendedorismo em Controle de Vetores (Lintec), Departamento de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Federal, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Caldas
- Serviço de Biotecnologia e Saúde. Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Gameleira, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alzira Batista Cecílio
- Serviço de Biotecnologia e Saúde. Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Gameleira, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Brito
- Laboratory of Ecohealth, Canopy Insects and Natural Succession. Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, Campus Universitário, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Edifício Chorato Shimoya, Campus universitário, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Sérvio Pontes Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Ecohealth, Canopy Insects and Natural Succession. Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, Campus Universitário, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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Ngugi HN, Nyathi S, Krystosik A, Ndenga B, Mbakaya JO, Aswani P, Musunzaji PS, Irungu LW, Bisanzio D, Kitron U, Desiree LaBeaud A, Mutuku F. Risk factors for Aedes aegypti household pupal persistence in longitudinal entomological household surveys in urban and rural Kenya. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:499. [PMID: 33004074 PMCID: PMC7528257 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes aegypti is an efficient vector of several arboviruses of public health importance, including Zika and dengue. Currently vector management is the only available avenue for disease control. Development of efficient vector control strategies requires a thorough understanding of vector ecology. In this study, we identified households that are consistently productive for Ae. aegypti pupae and determined the ecological and socio-demographic factors associated with the persistence and abundance of pupae in households in rural and urban Kenya. Methods We collected socio-demographic, environmental and entomological data monthly from July 2014 to June 2018 from 80 households across four sites in Kenya. Pupae count data were collected via entomological surveillance of households and paired with socio-demographic and environmental data. We calculated pupal persistence within a household as the number of months of pupal presence within a year. We used spatially explicit generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to identify the risk factors for pupal abundance, and a logistic regression to identify the risk factors for pupal persistence in households. Results The median number of months of pupal presence observed in households was 4 and ranged from 0 to 35 months. We identified pupal persistence in 85 house-years. The strongest risk factors for high pupal abundance were the presence of bushes or tall grass in the peri-domicile area (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.13–2.28), open eaves (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.33–4.95) and high habitat counts (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.21–1.66). The main risk factors for pupal persistence were the presence of bushes or tall grass in the peri-domicile (OR: 4.20, 95% CI: 1.42–12.46) and high number of breeding sites (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.03–4.58). Conclusions We observed Ae. aegypti pupal persistence at the household level in urban and rural and in coastal and inland Kenya. High counts of potential breeding containers, vegetation in the peri-domicile area and the presence of eaves were strongly associated with increased risk of pupal persistence and abundance. Targeting households that exhibit pupal persistence alongside the risk factors for pupal abundance in vector control interventions may result in more efficient use of limited resources.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun N Ngugi
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Zoology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Biological Sciences, Chuka University, Chuka, Kenya
| | - Sindiso Nyathi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amy Krystosik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bryson Ndenga
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Joel O Mbakaya
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Peter Aswani
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Lucy W Irungu
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Zoology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Donal Bisanzio
- RTI International, Washington, DC, USA.,Epidemiology and Public Health Division, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Desiree LaBeaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Francis Mutuku
- Department of Environment and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya.
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Pruszynski CA, Stenn T, Acevedo C, Leal AL, Burkett-Cadena ND. Human Blood Feeding by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Florida Keys and a Review of the Literature. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1640-1647. [PMID: 32447400 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti L. is considered to have a proclivity for feeding on human blood even when other hosts are available. However, few studies have demonstrated host use by this mosquito in the continental United States, where local transmission of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses has been recently documented. This study investigated the bloodmeal sources of female Ae. aegypti in the subtropical city of Key West and the surrounding county in Florida with the goal of identifying preferred hosts. Blood-engorged Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were collected from BG Sentinel traps used as part of a routine surveillance program in the Florida Keys (Monroe County, Florida). Bloodmeal samples were analyzed using PCR assays, sequencing, and comparison with reference sequences in GenBank. Aedes aegypti females from Key West fed predominantly on humans (79.6%) and did not differ statistically from females collected from the rest of the Florida Keys (69.5%). Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), considered a host generalist, was collected and analyzed from the same sites for comparative purposes. Females of Cx. quinquefasciatus fed predominantly (70.7%) on birds and nonhuman mammals in the Florida Keys, corroborating the validity of molecular assay breadth and demonstrating that given the same group of available hosts Ae. aegypti selects humans. Our results indicated that Ae. aegypti has a high rate of human-biting in a subtropical area within the United States, supporting its role in recent local transmission of dengue and other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanise Stenn
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida/IFAS, Vero Beach, Florida, Vero Beach, FL
| | - Carolina Acevedo
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida/IFAS, Vero Beach, Florida, Vero Beach, FL
| | - Andrea L Leal
- Florida Keys Mosquito Control District, Key West, FL
| | - Nathan D Burkett-Cadena
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida/IFAS, Vero Beach, Florida, Vero Beach, FL
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Khadka S, Proshad R, Thapa A, Acharya KP, Kormoker T. Wolbachia: a possible weapon for controlling dengue in Nepal. Trop Med Health 2020; 48:50. [PMID: 32581639 PMCID: PMC7310046 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-020-00237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral infectious disease, causes a high morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. In Nepal, the first case of dengue was reported in 2004 followed by frequent outbreaks in subsequent years, with the largest being in 2019 taking the death toll of six. It is reported that the number of dengue fever cases are soaring in Nepal spreading from the plains to more hilly regions. This might have serious public health implications in the future when combined with other factors, such as: global warming, lack of early detection and treatment of dengue, lack of diagnostic facilities, poor healthcare systems and mosquito control strategies. Nepal, thus, needs a cost-effective mosquito control strategy for the prevention and control of dengue. The Wolbachia-mediated biological method of the dengue control strategy is novel, economic, and environment-friendly. It has been successfully trialed in several areas of dengue-prone countries of the world, including Australia, Malaysia, Vietnam etc. resulting in significant reductions in dengue incidence. Given the lack of effective vector control strategy and weak economic condition of the country along with the persistence of climate and environment conditions that favors the host (Aedes mosquito) for Wolbachia, this approach can be a promising option to control dengue in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Khadka
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200 Nepal.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085 China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ram Proshad
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Process and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Alina Thapa
- State Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | | | - Tapos Kormoker
- Department of Emergency Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
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do Nascimento IDS, Pastor AF, Lopes TRR, Farias PCS, Gonçales JP, do Carmo RF, Durães-Carvalho R, da Silva CS, Silva Júnior JVJ. Retrospective cross-sectional observational study on the epidemiological profile of dengue cases in Pernambuco state, Brazil, between 2015 and 2017. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:923. [PMID: 32532240 PMCID: PMC7291711 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of Dengue virus (DENV) infections, as well as their signs and symptoms, are the result of a complex interaction between several factors. In Brazil, especially in the Northeastern, dengue is an important public health problem. Here, we report an epidemiological analysis of dengue cases in Pernambuco state, Northeastern Brazil, during 2015-2017. METHODS This work is a retrospective cross-sectional observational study on the epidemiological profile of all dengue cases confirmed and reported to the Health Secretary of Pernambuco between 2015 and 2017. These data cover all municipalities of Pernambuco, except Fernando de Noronha. DENV-positive individuals were classified according to the dengue type (without and with warning signs, or severe dengue), age, gender, ethnicity and intermediate geographic region of residence (Recife, Caruaru, Serra Talhada or Petrolina). The distribution of cases over the years was assessed by χ2 test. Temperature and rainfall data were evaluated by Unpaired t-test. p-value < 0.05 and CI 95% were considered in all analyses. RESULTS Most dengue cases was without warning signs. The most observed characteristics in the less severe dengue phenotypes were: female, mulatto ethnicity and age between 20 and 39 years old; this profile was more clearly observed in 2015. In 2016 and 2017, however, the numbers of dengue without and with warning signs were more evenly distributed and the difference in cases within groups decreased significantly. Regarding severe dengue, mulattoes were the most affected, but it is possible to note a trend towards a more uniform distribution between the genders and ages. Recife was the region with the highest numbers of both total cases and incidence rates and the highest rainfall levels. Overall, over the years, there has been a decrease in dengue cases in all regions of Pernambuco. CONCLUSIONS We identified the epidemiological profile of dengue in Pernambuco, Brazil, reporting the gender, age, ethnicity and regions most affected by different dengue types. In addition, we observed that these cases were probably more influenced by rainfall than by temperature. Finally, we believe that this epidemiological knowledge is important to direct public health policies to the reality of each population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Filipe Pastor
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Sertão Pernambucano, Floresta, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thaísa Regina Rocha Lopes
- Virology Sector, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Prado Gonçales
- Virology Sector, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Feliciano do Carmo
- Collegiate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Simões da Silva
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - José Valter Joaquim Silva Júnior
- Virology Sector, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Virology Sector, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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El-Sayed A, Kamel M. Climatic changes and their role in emergence and re-emergence of diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22336-22352. [PMID: 32347486 PMCID: PMC7187803 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and the associated climate changes are predictable. They are enhanced by burning of fossil fuels and the emission of huge amounts of CO2 gas which resulted in greenhouse effect. It is expected that the average global temperature will increase with 2-5 °C in the next decades. As a result, the earth will exhibit marked climatic changes characterized by extremer weather events in the coming decades, such as the increase in temperature, rainfall, summertime, droughts, more frequent and stronger tornadoes and hurricanes. Epidemiological disease cycle includes host, pathogen and in certain cases intermediate host/vector. A complex mixture of various environmental conditions (e.g. temperature and humidity) determines the suitable habitat/ecological niche for every vector host. The availability of suitable vectors is a precondition for the emergence of vector-borne pathogens. Climate changes and global warming will have catastrophic effects on human, animal and environmental ecosystems. Pathogens, especially neglected tropical disease agents, are expected to emerge and re-emerge in several countries including Europe and North America. The lives of millions of people especially in developing countries will be at risk in direct and indirect ways. In the present review, the role of climate changes in the spread of infectious agents and their vectors is discussed. Examples of the major emerging viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Kawada H, Futami K, Higa Y, Rai G, Suzuki T, Rai SK. Distribution and pyrethroid resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus populations and possible phylogenetic reasons for the recent invasion of Aedes aegypti in Nepal. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:213. [PMID: 32321546 PMCID: PMC7178601 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background When the first systematic list of mosquitoes in Nepal was reported in 1990, there was no description of Aedes aegypti (L.), while Aedes albopictus (Skuse) has been included in the Stegomyia subgroup since the 1950s. The first record of Ae. aegypti in Nepal was reported in 2009, suggesting some coincidence between the invasion of this species and the first record of dengue fever in Nepal in 2006. Results We performed a field survey of the distribution and insecticide susceptibility of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Nepal in 2017 and 2018. Mosquito larvae were collected from used tires located along the streets of Kathmandu, Bharatpur and Pokhara, and a simplified bioassay was used to assess the susceptibility of the larvae to pyrethroid insecticides using d-allethrin. The presence or absence of point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel was also detected by direct sequencing. V1016G was detected at a high frequency and a strong correlation was observed between the frequencies of V1016G and susceptibility indices in Ae. aegypti populations. F1534C was also detected at a relatively low frequency. In Ae. albopictus populations, susceptibilities to d-allethrin were high and no point mutations were detected. Analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was performed for assessing genetic diversity and the existence of two strains were identified in Ae. aegypti populations. One consisted of 9 globally-distributed haplotypes while the other was derived from an African haplotype. Conclusions The high pyrethroid resistance, high V1016G frequency, and relatively low quantity of insecticides used to control dengue vectors in Nepal may have resulted in only weak selection pressure favoring insecticide resistance and could support the hypothesis that this species has recently been introduced from neighboring Asian countries where pyrethroid resistance is relatively widespread.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kawada
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Futami
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yukiko Higa
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Departmanet of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ganesh Rai
- Shi-Gan International College of Science and Technology, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Faculty of Health Science, Kobe-Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Medical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shiba Kumar Rai
- Shi-Gan International College of Science and Technology, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Research Division, Nepal Medical College, Gokarneswor, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Chung NT, Huong LT, Hung NH, Hoi TM, Dai DN, Setzer WN. Chemical Composition of Actinodaphne pilosa Essential Oil From Vietnam, Mosquito Larvicidal Activity, and Antimicrobial Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20917792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaves of Actinodaphne pilosa were collected at 2 different seasons from the Pù Hoạt Nature Reserve, Vietnam. The leaf samples were hydrodistilled to give essential oils, which were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry and GC-flame ionization detection. The major components in the essential oils were α-pinene, ( Z)-β-ocimene, ( E)-β-ocimene, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, and spathulenol. The essential oils were screened for antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, as well as mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Actinodaphne pilosa leaf essential oils showed broad antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration = 32, 64, 64, 16, and 16 μg/mL against E. faecalis, S. aureus, B. cereus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans, respectively) and excellent larvicidal activity (24-hour 50% lethal concentration = 19.0, 24.7, and 48.1 μg/mL against A. aegypti, A. albopictus, and C. quinquefasciatus, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Chung
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Huong
- School of Natural Science Education, Vinh University, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huy Hung
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Tran Minh Hoi
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Ngoc Dai
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Vinh City, Vietnam
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, USA
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, Lehi, UT, USA
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Lachish T, Lustig Y, Leshem E, Katz-Likvornik S, Biber A, Nadir E, Schwartz E. High incidence of dengue in Israel travelers to Kathmandu, Nepal, in 2019. J Travel Med 2020; 27:5693887. [PMID: 31897487 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe the emergence of dengue in Kathmandu in Nepal in 2019. We found a high incidence in Israeli travelers. The circulating serotypes were identified as DENV-2 and DENV-3 with phylogenetic analysis suggesting that the latter serotype originated from India. Travelers to Nepal should be aware of the potential dengue risk beyond the Terai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Lachish
- The Infectious Diseases Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center and the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.,Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eyal Leshem
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Center for Travel and Tropical Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Shiri Katz-Likvornik
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Asaf Biber
- The Center for Travel and Tropical Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eyal Nadir
- Clalit Health Services, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Schwartz
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Center for Travel and Tropical Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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Callicarpa Species from Central Vietnam: Essential Oil Compositions and Mosquito Larvicidal Activities. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010113. [PMID: 31963227 PMCID: PMC7020218 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are around 140 species in the genus Callicarpa, with 23 species occurring in Vietnam. The Vietnamese Callicarpa species have been poorly studied. In this work, the leaf essential oils of C. bodinieri, C. candicans, C. formosana, C. longifolia, C. nudiflora, C. petelotii, C. rubella, and C. sinuata, have been obtained from plants growing in central Vietnam. The chemical compositions of the essential oils were determined using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. Mosquito larvicidal activities of the essential oils were carried out against Aedes aegypti. All of the Callicarpa leaf essential oils showed larvicidal activity, but two samples of C. candicans were particularly active with 48-h LC50 values of 2.1 and 3.8 μg/mL. Callicarpacandicans essential oil should be considered as a potential alternative mosquito control agent.
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Ghimire TR, Regmi GR, Huettmann F. When Micro Drives the Macro: A Fresh Look at Disease and its Massive Contributions in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya. HINDU KUSH-HIMALAYA WATERSHEDS DOWNHILL: LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION PERSPECTIVES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7197387 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36275-1_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The outbreaks of emerging and reemerging diseases have a high impact on the human and animal health because they are the underlying causes of disability, death, and long-term illness. For many regions those details are not, or just poorly known. Here we present on the morbidity and mortality in faunal diversities including domestic and wild species caused by various viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal diseases prevalent in Nepal and relevant for the wider Hindu Kush Himalaya. In addition, we provide details how antibiotic resistivity, vectors, and zoonosis have resulted on a landscape-scale in the huge public and veterinary health problem has been dealt with in the context of Nepal and the wider region.
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Zhang Y, Ibaraki M, Schwartz FW. Disease surveillance using online news: an extended study of dengue fever in India. Trop Med Health 2019; 47:58. [PMID: 31889886 PMCID: PMC6905009 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-019-0189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study demonstrates the potential in using newspaper information as a proxy for monitoring dengue fever outbreaks in India. Online newspapers are being considered as sources of information on disease surveillance, early outbreak detection, and epidemiology research. Our objective is to understand the complex dengue epidemiology and discover inter-relationships between dengue fever and local social-environmental factors by mining information from local Indian news articles. RESULTS We search and extract articles from the newspaper database, LexisNexis. News articles related to dengue fever in India are analyzed together with local environmental, climate, and population data in both temporally and spatially to study disease epidemiology. We also examine the influence of newsworthiness for constructing a disease surveillance system. In terms of temporal aspects, dengue outbreaks follow consistent patterns every year. However, for many areas, this application is frustrated by the relatively small numbers of news articles. CONCLUSIONS The study has advanced capabilities in producing approaches that provide for richer interpretations of textual information provided in newspaper articles. Such approaches appear particularly well suited for developing countries with relatively poor medical infrastructures and records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Zhang
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 275 Mendenhall Laboratory, 125 South Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Motomu Ibaraki
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
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Zheng X, Zhong D, He Y, Zhou G. Seasonality modeling of the distribution of Aedes albopictus in China based on climatic and environmental suitability. Infect Dis Poverty 2019; 8:98. [PMID: 31791409 PMCID: PMC6889612 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-019-0612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes albopictus is a highly invasive mosquito species and a major vector of numerous viral pathogens. Many recent dengue fever outbreaks in China have been caused solely by the vector. Mapping of the potential distribution ranges of Ae. albopictus is crucial for epidemic preparedness and the monitoring of vector populations for disease control. Climate is a key factor influencing the distribution of the species. Despite field studies indicating seasonal population variations, very little modeling work has been done to analyze how environmental conditions influence the seasonality of Ae. albopictus. The aim of the present study was to develop a model based on available observations, climatic and environmental data, and machine learning methods for the prediction of the potential seasonal ranges of Ae. albopictus in China. Methods We collected comprehensive up-to-date surveillance data in China, particularly records from the northern distribution margin of Ae. albopictus. All records were assigned long-term (1970–2000) climatic data averages based on the WorldClim 2.0 data set. Machine learning regression tree models were developed using a 10-fold cross-validation method to predict the potential seasonal (or monthly) distribution ranges of Ae. albopictus in China at high resolution based on environmental conditions. The models were assessed based on sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, using area under curve (AUC). WorldClim 2.0 and climatic and environmental data were used to produce environmental conduciveness (probability) prediction surfaces. Predicted probabilities were generated based on the averages of the 10 models. Results During 1998–2017, Ae. albopictus was observed at 200 out of the 242 localities surveyed. In addition, at least 15 new Ae. albopictus occurrence sites lay outside the potential ranges that have been predicted using models previously. The average accuracy was 98.4% (97.1–99.5%), and the average AUC was 99.1% (95.6–99.9%). The predicted Ae. albopictus distribution in winter (December–February) was limited to a small subtropical-tropical area of China, and Ae. albopictus was predicted to occur in northern China only during the short summer season (usually June–September). The predicted distribution areas in summer could reach northeastern China bordering Russia and the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in southwestern China. Ae. albopictus could remain active in expansive areas from central to southern China in October and November. Conclusions Climate and environmental conditions are key factors influencing the seasonal distribution of Ae. albopictus in China. The areas predicted to potentially host Ae. albopictus seasonally in the present study could reach northeastern China and the eastern slope of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our results present new evidence and suggest the expansion of systematic vector population monitoring activities and regular re-assessment of epidemic risk potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yulan He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Bett B, Grace D, Lee HS, Lindahl J, Nguyen-Viet H, Phuc PD, Quyen NH, Tu TA, Phu TD, Tan DQ, Nam VS. Spatiotemporal analysis of historical records (2001-2012) on dengue fever in Vietnam and development of a statistical model for forecasting risk. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224353. [PMID: 31774823 PMCID: PMC6881000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever is the most widespread infectious disease of humans transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It is the leading cause of hospitalization and death in children in the Southeast Asia and western Pacific regions. We analyzed surveillance records from health centers in Vietnam collected between 2001-2012 to determine seasonal trends, develop risk maps and an incidence forecasting model. METHODS The data were analyzed using a hierarchical spatial Bayesian model that approximates its posterior parameter distributions using the integrated Laplace approximation algorithm (INLA). Meteorological, altitude and land cover (LC) data were used as predictors. The data were grouped by province (n = 63) and month (n = 144) and divided into training (2001-2009) and validation (2010-2012) sets. Thirteen meteorological variables, 7 land cover data and altitude were considered as predictors. Only significant predictors were kept in the final multivariable model. Eleven dummy variables representing month were also fitted to account for seasonal effects. Spatial and temporal effects were accounted for using Besag-York-Mollie (BYM) and autoregressive (1) models. Their levels of significance were analyzed using deviance information criterion (DIC). The model was validated based on the Theil's coefficient which compared predicted and observed incidence estimated using the validation data. Dengue incidence predictions for 2010-2012 were also used to generate risk maps. RESULTS The mean monthly dengue incidence during the period was 6.94 cases (SD 14.49) per 100,000 people. Analyses on the temporal trends of the disease showed regular seasonal epidemics that were interrupted every 3 years (specifically in July 2004, July 2007 and September 2010) by major fluctuations in incidence. Monthly mean minimum temperature, rainfall, area under urban settlement/build-up areas and altitude were significant in the final model. Minimum temperature and rainfall had non-linear effects and lagging them by two months provided a better fitting model compared to using unlagged variables. Forecasts for the validation period closely mirrored the observed data and accurately captured the troughs and peaks of dengue incidence trajectories. A favorable Theil's coefficient of inequality of 0.22 was generated. CONCLUSIONS The study identified temperature, rainfall, altitude and area under urban settlement as being significant predictors of dengue incidence. The statistical model fitted the data well based on Theil's coefficient of inequality, and risk maps generated from its predictions identified most of the high-risk provinces throughout the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Bett
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Johanna Lindahl
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Centre for Public Health and Ecosystem Research (CENPHER), Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham-Duc Phuc
- Centre for Public Health and Ecosystem Research (CENPHER), Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Quyen
- Vietnam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate Change (IMHEN), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Anh Tu
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Dac Phu
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang Quang Tan
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Sinh Nam
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Chemical Compositions and Mosquito Larvicidal Activities of Essential Oils from Piper Species Growing Wild in Central Vietnam. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213871. [PMID: 31717867 PMCID: PMC6864731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are the deadliest animals on earth and are the vectors of several neglected tropical diseases. Recently, essential oils have emerged as potential renewable, cost-effective, and environmentally benign alternatives to synthetic pesticides for control of mosquitoes. In this work, thirteen species of Piper were collected from different areas of central Vietnam. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The essential oils were screened for mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Four of the Piper essential oils showed outstanding larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti, namely P. caninum, P. longum, P. montium, and P. mutabile, with LC50 and LC90 values less than 10 µg/mL. Multivariate analysis has correlated concentrations of β-caryophyllene, β-bisabolene, α-pinene, and β-pinene with mosquito larvicidal activity.
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Yin Q, Li L, Guo X, Wu R, Shi B, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wu S, Pan Y, Wang Q, Xie T, Hu T, Xia D, Xia S, Kambalame DM, Li W, Song Z, Zhou S, Deng Y, Xie Y, Zhou XN, Wang C, Chen XG, Zhou X. A field-based modeling study on ecological characterization of hourly host-seeking behavior and its associated climatic variables in Aedes albopictus. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:474. [PMID: 31610804 PMCID: PMC6791010 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global spread of mosquito-borne diseases (MBD) has presented increasing challenges to public health. The transmission of MBD is mainly attributable to the biting behaviors of female mosquitoes. However, the ecological pattern of hourly host-seeking behavior in Aedes albopictus and its association with climatic variables are still not well understood, especially for a precise requirement for establishing an effective risk prediction system of MBD transmission. METHODS Mosquito samples and data on mosquito hourly density and site-specific climatic variables, including temperature, relative humidity, illuminance and wind speed, were collected simultaneously in urban outdoor environments in Guangzhou during 2016-2018. Kernel regression models were used to assess the temporal patterns of hourly host-seeking behavior in mosquito populations, and negative binomial regression models in the Bayesian framework were used to investigate the associations of host-seeking behavior with climatic variables. RESULTS Aedes albopictus was abundant, constituting 82% (5569/6790) of the total collected mosquitoes. Host-seeking behavior in Ae. albopictus varied across time and was significantly influenced by climatic variables. The predicted hourly mosquito densities showed non-linear relationships with temperature and illuminance, whereas density increased with relative humidity but generally decreased with wind speed. The range of temperature estimates for female biting was 16.4-37.1 °C, peaking at 26.5 °C (95% credible interval: 25.3-28.1). During the favorable periods, biting behavior of female Ae. albopictus was estimated to occur frequently all day long, presenting a bimodal distribution with peaks within 2-3 h around both dawn and dusk (05:00-08:00 h and 16:00-19:00 h). Moreover, a short-term association in hourly density between the females and males was found. CONCLUSIONS Our field-based modeling study reveals that hourly host-seeking behavior of Ae. albopictus exhibits a complex pattern, with hourly variation constrained significantly by climatic variables. These findings lay a foundation for improving MBD risk assessments as well as practical strategies for vector control. For instances of all-day-long frequent female biting during the favorable periods in Guangzhou, effective integrated mosquito control measures must be taken throughout the day and night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Li
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Rangke Wu
- The School of Foreign Studies, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Benyun Shi
- HKBU-NIPD Joint Research Laboratory for Intelligent Disease Surveillance and Control, School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shang Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yicheng Pan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Hu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Xia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shang Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dzinkambani Moffat Kambalame
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanyu Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhangyao Song
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyun Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiao-Guang Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Yin Q, Li L, Guo X, Wu R, Shi B, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wu S, Pan Y, Wang Q, Xie T, Hu T, Xia D, Xia S, Kambalame DM, Li W, Song Z, Zhou S, Deng Y, Xie Y, Zhou XN, Wang C, Chen XG, Zhou X. A field-based modeling study on ecological characterization of hourly host-seeking behavior and its associated climatic variables in Aedes albopictus. Parasit Vectors 2019. [PMID: 31610804 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3715-1/figures/6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global spread of mosquito-borne diseases (MBD) has presented increasing challenges to public health. The transmission of MBD is mainly attributable to the biting behaviors of female mosquitoes. However, the ecological pattern of hourly host-seeking behavior in Aedes albopictus and its association with climatic variables are still not well understood, especially for a precise requirement for establishing an effective risk prediction system of MBD transmission. METHODS Mosquito samples and data on mosquito hourly density and site-specific climatic variables, including temperature, relative humidity, illuminance and wind speed, were collected simultaneously in urban outdoor environments in Guangzhou during 2016-2018. Kernel regression models were used to assess the temporal patterns of hourly host-seeking behavior in mosquito populations, and negative binomial regression models in the Bayesian framework were used to investigate the associations of host-seeking behavior with climatic variables. RESULTS Aedes albopictus was abundant, constituting 82% (5569/6790) of the total collected mosquitoes. Host-seeking behavior in Ae. albopictus varied across time and was significantly influenced by climatic variables. The predicted hourly mosquito densities showed non-linear relationships with temperature and illuminance, whereas density increased with relative humidity but generally decreased with wind speed. The range of temperature estimates for female biting was 16.4-37.1 °C, peaking at 26.5 °C (95% credible interval: 25.3-28.1). During the favorable periods, biting behavior of female Ae. albopictus was estimated to occur frequently all day long, presenting a bimodal distribution with peaks within 2-3 h around both dawn and dusk (05:00-08:00 h and 16:00-19:00 h). Moreover, a short-term association in hourly density between the females and males was found. CONCLUSIONS Our field-based modeling study reveals that hourly host-seeking behavior of Ae. albopictus exhibits a complex pattern, with hourly variation constrained significantly by climatic variables. These findings lay a foundation for improving MBD risk assessments as well as practical strategies for vector control. For instances of all-day-long frequent female biting during the favorable periods in Guangzhou, effective integrated mosquito control measures must be taken throughout the day and night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Li
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Rangke Wu
- The School of Foreign Studies, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Benyun Shi
- HKBU-NIPD Joint Research Laboratory for Intelligent Disease Surveillance and Control, School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shang Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yicheng Pan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Hu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Xia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shang Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dzinkambani Moffat Kambalame
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanyu Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhangyao Song
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyun Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiao-Guang Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Soares ENL, Santos MAB, Macedo LOD, Santos CVB, Agra MCR, Alves LC, Ramos RAN, Carvalho GAD. Spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in vulnerable areas for the transmission of arboviruses. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20180341. [PMID: 31271613 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0341-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Areas at risk of transmission of arboviruses have been monitored using ovitraps. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti in vulnerable areas for the transmission of arboviruses and assess the influence of climatic conditions on the infestation of these culicids. METHODS Ovitraps were installed in Agrestina, Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. RESULTS Overall, 44,936 eggs were collected, and the indexes of infestation varied. Relative humidity was significantly associated with the infestations. CONCLUSIONS Using ovitraps, entomologic indexes and analysis of climatic factors might be good strategies for monitoring vulnerable areas for the transmission of arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraim Naftali Lopes Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciência Animal Tropical, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.,IV Gerência Regional de Saúde, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Hung NH, Thi Hong Chuong N, Satyal P, Hieu HV, Dai DN, Huong LT, Sinh LH, Thi Bich Ngoc N, Hien VT, Setzer WN. Mosquito Larvicidal Activities and Chemical Compositions of the Essential Oils of Leucas Zeylanica Growing Wild in Vietnam. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19842675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Hung
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hong Chuong
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | | | - Ho Viet Hieu
- Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Department of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Do Ngoc Dai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Nghệ An Economics University, Vinh, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Huong
- School of Natural Science Education, Vinh University, Vietnam
| | - Le Hoang Sinh
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | | | - Vu Thi Hien
- Faculty of Hydrometeorology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, Lehi, UT, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, AL, USA
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Seasonal patterns of dengue fever in rural Ecuador: 2009-2016. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007360. [PMID: 31059505 PMCID: PMC6522062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Season is a major determinant of infectious disease rates, including arboviruses spread by mosquitoes, such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Seasonal patterns of disease are driven by a combination of climatic or environmental factors, such as temperature or rainfall, and human behavioral time trends, such as school year schedules, holidays, and weekday-weekend patterns. These factors affect both disease rates and healthcare-seeking behavior. Seasonality of dengue fever has been studied in the context of climatic factors, but short- and long-term time trends are less well-understood. With 2009–2016 medical record data from patients diagnosed with dengue fever at two hospitals in rural Ecuador, we used Poisson generalized linear modeling to determine short- and long-term seasonal patterns of dengue fever, as well as the effect of day of the week and public holidays. In a subset analysis, we determined the impact of school schedules on school-aged children. With a separate model, we examined the effect of climate on diagnosis patterns. In the first model, the most important predictors of dengue fever were annual sinusoidal fluctuations in disease, long-term trends (as represented by a spline for the full study duration), day of the week, and hospital. Seasonal trends showed single peaks in case diagnoses, during mid-March. Compared to the average of all days, cases were more likely to be diagnosed on Tuesdays (risk ratio (RR): 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.51) and Thursdays (RR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.02–1.53), and less likely to be diagnosed on Saturdays (RR: 0.81, 95% CI 0.65–1.01) and Sundays (RR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.58–0.95). Public holidays were not significant predictors of dengue fever diagnoses, except for an increase in diagnoses on the day after Christmas (RR: 2.77, 95% CI 1.46–5.24). School schedules did not impact dengue diagnoses in school-aged children. In the climate model, important climate variables included the monthly total precipitation, an interaction between total precipitation and monthly absolute minimum temperature, an interaction between total precipitation and monthly precipitation days, and a three-way interaction between minimum temperature, total precipitation, and precipitation days. This is the first report of long-term dengue fever seasonality in Ecuador, one of few reports from rural patients, and one of very few studies utilizing daily disease reports. These results can inform local disease prevention efforts, public health planning, as well as global and regional models of dengue fever trends. Dengue fever exhibits a seasonal pattern in many parts of the world, much of which has been attributed to climate and weather. However, additional factors may contribute to dengue seasonality. With 2009–2016 medical record data from rural Ecuador, we studied the short- and long-term seasonal patterns of dengue fever, as well as the effect of school schedules and public holidays. We also examined the effect of climate on dengue. We found that dengue diagnoses peak once per year in mid-March, but that diagnoses are also affected by day of the week. Dengue was also impacted by regional climate and complex interactions between local weather variables. This is the first report of long-term dengue fever seasonality in Ecuador, one of few reports from rural patients, and one of very few studies utilizing daily disease reports. This is the first report on the impacts of school schedules, holidays, and weekday-weekend patterns on dengue diagnoses. These results suggest a potential impact of human behaviors on dengue exposure risk. More broadly, these results can inform local disease prevention efforts and public health planning, as well as global and regional models of dengue fever trends.
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