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Gautam A, Lalande A, Ritter M, Freitas N, Lerolle S, Canus L, Amirache F, Lotteau V, Legros V, Cosset FL, Mathieu C, Boson B. The PACS-2 protein and trafficking motifs in CCHFV Gn and Gc cytoplasmic domains govern CCHFV assembly. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2348508. [PMID: 38661085 PMCID: PMC11159592 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2348508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne bunyavirus that causes high mortality in humans. This enveloped virus harbors two surface glycoproteins (GP), Gn and Gc, that are released by processing of a glycoprotein precursor complex whose maturation takes place in the ER and is completed through the secretion pathway. Here, we characterized the trafficking network exploited by CCHFV GPs during viral assembly, envelopment, and/or egress. We identified membrane trafficking motifs in the cytoplasmic domains (CD) of CCHFV GPs and addressed how they impact these late stages of the viral life cycle using infection and biochemical assays, and confocal microscopy in virus-producing cells. We found that several of the identified CD motifs modulate GP transport through the retrograde trafficking network, impacting envelopment and secretion of infectious particles. Finally, we identified PACS-2 as a crucial host factor contributing to CCHFV GPs trafficking required for assembly and release of viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Gautam
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Lalande
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Maureen Ritter
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Natalia Freitas
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Solène Lerolle
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Lola Canus
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Fouzia Amirache
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Vincent Legros
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l’Etoile, France
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Bertrand Boson
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Eslava M, Carlos S, Reina G. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: An Emerging Threat in Europe with a Focus on Epidemiology in Spain. Pathogens 2024; 13:770. [PMID: 39338961 PMCID: PMC11434923 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease transmitted by ticks of the genus Hyalomma and caused by a virus of the Nairoviridae family. In humans, the virus can generate different clinical presentations that can range from asymptomatic to mild illness or produce an hemorrhagic fever with a mortality rate of approximately 30%. The virus pathogenicity and the lack of effective treatment or vaccine for its prevention make it an agent of concern from a public health point of view. The main transmission route is tick bites, so people most exposed to this risk are more likely to become infected. Another risk group are veterinarians and livestock farmers who are in contact with the blood and other fluids of animals that are mostly asymptomatic. Finally, due to its first phase with a non-characteristic symptomatology, there exists a risk of nosocomial infection. It is endemic in Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East, and those Asian countries south of the 50th parallel north, the geographical limit of the main vector. Recently, autochthonous cases have been observed in areas of Europe where the virus was not previously present. Human cases have been detected in Greece, Bulgaria, and Spain. Spain is one of the most affected countries, with a total of 17 autochthonous cases detected since 2013. In other countries, such as France, the virus is present in ticks and animals but has not spread to humans. A high-quality epidemiological surveillance system in these countries is essential to avoid the expansion of this virus to new areas and to limit the impact of current cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eslava
- Microbiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Carlos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Reina
- Microbiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Syed MA, Siddiqui MI, Memon IH, Jehandad K, Baloch NN, Jamal H, Hussain A, Memon NM, Syed MH, Ahmed ZA, Fontaine RE, Rullán-Oliver P. Risk Factors of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever in Sindh Province, Pakistan. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 146:107141. [PMID: 38901728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In Sindh Province, Pakistan, confirmed Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) increased from zero in 2008 to 16 in 2015-2016. To counter this increase, in 2016, we initiated structured CCHF surveillance to improve estimates of risk factors for CCHF in Sindh and to identify potential interventions. METHODS Beginning in 2016, all referral hospitals in Sindh reported all CCHF cases to surveillance agents. We used laboratory-confirmed cases from CCHF surveillance from 2016 to 2020 to compute incidence rates and in a case-control study to quantify risk factors for CCHF. RESULTS For the 5 years, CCHF incidence was 4.2 per million for the Sindh capital, Karachi, (68 cases) and 0.4 per million elsewhere. Each year, the onset of new cases peaked during the 13 days during and after the 3-day Eid-al-Adha festival, when Muslims sacrificed livestock, accounting for 38% of cases. In Karachi, livestock for Eid were purchased at a seasonal livestock market that concentrated up to 700,000 livestock. CCHF cases were most common (44%) among the general population that had visited livestock markets (odds ratio = 102). CONCLUSIONS Urban CCHF in Sindh province is associated with the general public's exposure to livestock markets in addition to high-risk occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Syed
- Health Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan; Pakistan Field Epidemiology Training Program, Sindh Province, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Ishfaque Hussain Memon
- Health Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan; Pakistan Field Epidemiology Training Program, Sindh Province, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kishwar Jehandad
- Health Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan; Pakistan Field Epidemiology Training Program, Sindh Province, Karachi, Pakistan; Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Nayyar Nawaz Baloch
- Health Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan; Pakistan Field Epidemiology Training Program, Sindh Province, Karachi, Pakistan; Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Jamal
- Health Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan; Pakistan Field Epidemiology Training Program, Sindh Province, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Hussain
- Health Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan; Pakistan Field Epidemiology Training Program, Sindh Province, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Masood Memon
- Health Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan; Pakistan Field Epidemiology Training Program, Sindh Province, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Masroor Hussain Syed
- Health Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan; Pakistan Field Epidemiology Training Program, Sindh Province, Karachi, Pakistan
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4
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Mukhaye E, Akoko JM, Nyamota R, Mwatondo A, Muturi M, Nthiwa D, Kirwa LJ, Bargul JL, Abkallo HM, Bett B. Exposure patterns and the risk factors of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus amongst humans, livestock and selected wild animals at the human/livestock/wildlife interface in Isiolo County, upper eastern Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012083. [PMID: 39269988 PMCID: PMC11423962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by CCHF virus (CCHFV). The disease has a complex transmission cycle that involves a wide range of hosts including mammalian and some species of birds. We implemented a sero-epidemiological study in Isiolo County, Kenya, to determine relative seroprevalences of CCHFV in humans, livestock and in wild animals. In addition, we identified subject and environment level factors that could promote exposure to CCHFV. Humans (n = 580) and livestock (n = 2,137) were recruited into the study through a multistage random sampling technique, and in addition, various species of wild animals (n = 87) were also sampled conveniently. Serum samples from all recruited humans and animals were collected and screened for CCHFV antibodies using ID Screen multispecies, double-antigen IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall anti-CCHFV IgG seroprevalences in humans, cattle, goats, sheep and camels were 7.2% [95% CI: 3.1-15.8%], 53.9% [95% CI: 30.7-50.9%], 11.6% [95% CI: 7.2-22.5%], 8.6% [95% CI: 3-14%] and 89.7% [95% CI: 78-94%], respectively. On average, the sampled wild animals had CCHFV seroprevalence of 41.0% [95% CI: 29.1-49.4%]; giraffes had the highest mean CCHF seroprevalence followed by buffaloes, while impala had very low exposure levels. Statistical analyses using mixed effects logistic regression models showed that CCHFV exposure in humans was significantly associated with male gender, being over 30 years of age and belonging to a household with a seropositive herd. In livestock, a combination of animal- and environment level factors including older animals, being in an area with high normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and high vapour pressure deficit were significantly associated with CCHFV infection. Age, sex and species of wild animals were considered as the key risk factors in the analysis, but none of these variables was significant (P-value = 0.891, 0.401 and 0.664, respectively). Additionally, RT-qPCR analysis revealed the presence of CCHFV RNA in camels (30%), cattle (14.3%), and goats (3.8%), but not in humans, sheep, or wild animals. This study demonstrates that environmental factors, such as NDVI and vapor pressure deficit, affect CCHFV exposure in livestock, while the presence of infected livestock is the key determinant of human exposure at the household level. These findings underscore the importance of using One Health approaches to control the disease in human-livestock-wildlife interfaces. For instance, the existing CCHF surveillance measures could be enhanced by incorporating algorithms that simulate disease risk based on the environmental factors identified in the study. Additionally, tick control in livestock, such as the use of acaricides, could reduce CCHFV exposure in livestock and, consequently, in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugine Mukhaye
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James M. Akoko
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Athman Mwatondo
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew Muturi
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Dahlem Research School of Biomedical Sciences (DRS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Nthiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
| | - Lynn J. Kirwa
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joel L. Bargul
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Bernard Bett
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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5
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Shin OS, Monticelli SR, Hjorth CK, Hornet V, Doyle M, Abelson D, Kuehne AI, Wang A, Bakken RR, Mishra AK, Middlecamp M, Champney E, Stuart L, Maurer DP, Li J, Berrigan J, Barajas J, Balinandi S, Lutwama JJ, Lobel L, Zeitlin L, Walker LM, Dye JM, Chandran K, Herbert AS, Pauli NT, McLellan JS. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever survivors elicit protective non-neutralizing antibodies that target 11 overlapping regions on glycoprotein GP38. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114502. [PMID: 39002130 PMCID: PMC11346345 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus can cause lethal disease in humans yet there are no approved medical countermeasures. Viral glycoprotein GP38, exclusive to Nairoviridae, is a target of protective antibodies and is a key antigen in preclinical vaccine candidates. Here, we isolate 188 GP38-specific antibodies from human survivors of infection. Competition experiments show that these antibodies bind across 5 distinct antigenic sites, encompassing 11 overlapping regions. Additionally, we show structures of GP38 bound with 9 of these antibodies targeting different antigenic sites. Although these GP38-specific antibodies are non-neutralizing, several display protective efficacy equal to or better than murine antibody 13G8 in two highly stringent rodent models of infection. Together, these data expand our understanding regarding this important viral protein and may inform the development of broadly effective CCHFV antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie R Monticelli
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98042, USA
| | - Christy K Hjorth
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Dafna Abelson
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Russell R Bakken
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Akaash K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Lauran Stuart
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob Berrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | | | - Leslie Lobel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | | | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Wulandari S, Nyampong S, Lokupathirage SMW, Yoshimatsu K, Shimoda H, Hayasaka D. Development of an entirely cloned cDNA-based reverse genetics system for Tofla virus of orthonairovirus. Virology 2024; 598:110170. [PMID: 39003987 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The genus Orthonairovirus includes highly pathogenic tick-borne viruses such as the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV). A reverse genetics system is an indispensable tool for determining the viral factors related to pathogenicity. Tofla orthonairovirus (TFLV) is a recently identified virus isolated from ticks in Japan and our research has suggested that TFLV is a useful model for studying pathogenic orthonairoviruses. In this study, we successfully established a reverse genetics system for TFLV using T7 RNA polymerase. Recombinant TFLV was generated by transfecting cloned complementary DNAs encoding the TFLV genome into BSR T7/5 cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase. We were able to rescue infectious recombinant TFLV mutant (rTFLVmt) and wild-type TFLV (rTFLVpt) viruses, which exhibited indistinguishable growth kinetics in mammalian cells and pathogenicity in A129 mice compared with the authentic virus. Our approach provides a valuable method for establishing reverse genetics system for orthonairoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Wulandari
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan; Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Samuel Nyampong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
| | | | - Kumiko Yoshimatsu
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hayasaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan.
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7
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Sarmadi S, Ghalyanchilangeroudi A, Najafi H. Vaccine approaches and treatment aspects against Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever. Virusdisease 2024; 35:377-383. [PMID: 39071873 PMCID: PMC11269551 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-024-00868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF] is a severe infectious viral disease caused by a tick borne virus which can lead to fatal hemorrhagic disease in humans. It has been reported from some continents including Africa, Asia and Europe. Virus is transmitted to human mainly through tick bite, whose acquire infection from reservoirs wild and domesticated mammalians and ostriches. Currently no approved vaccine or drug is available for CCHF and prevention is mainly based on biosecurity measures. Ribavirin is the only approved drug that has been used in some countries to treat human disease, however some new studies did not prove the Ribavirin efficacy. Different strategies to design effective vaccines, have been conducted through years, from inactivated virus to nucleotide-based ones including DNA and mRNA vaccines. In this study we review of pioneering vaccine candidate platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Sarmadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Najafi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Rekik S, Hammami I, Timoumi O, Maghzaoua D, Khamassi Khbou M, Schulz A, Groschup MH, Gharbi M. A Review on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Infections in Tunisia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:325-337. [PMID: 38457645 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic tick-borne disease, caused by an arbovirus of the genus Orthonairovirus and the family Nairoviridae. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is widespread in several regions of the world. While the virus is not pathogenic to all susceptible livestock and wild mammals, it can lead to severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. In this review, we compiled published data on CCHFV infections in humans, animals, and ticks in Tunisia. Based on that, we discussed the epidemiology and the distribution patterns of CCHFV infections highlighting the risk factors for this virus in the country. CCHF infection prevalence in humans was estimated to 2.76% (5/181) and 5% (2/38) in Tunisian febrile patients and Tunisian slaughterhouse workers, respectively. Concurrently, seroprevalence in domestic ungulates (sheep, goats, cattle, and dromedaries) ranged from zero to 89.7%, and only one Hyalomma impeltatum tick specimen collected from dromedaries in southern Tunisian was positive for CCHFV by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (0.6%; 1/165). As Tunisian studies on CCHFV are geographically scattered and limited due to very small sample sizes, further studies are needed to improve the knowledge on the epidemiology of CCHF in Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Rekik
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Zoonoses, and Sanitary Regulation, University of Manouba, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Ines Hammami
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Zoonoses, and Sanitary Regulation, University of Manouba, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Oumayma Timoumi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Zoonoses, and Sanitary Regulation, University of Manouba, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Dhekra Maghzaoua
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Zoonoses, and Sanitary Regulation, University of Manouba, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Médiha Khamassi Khbou
- Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Zoonoses, and Sanitary Regulation, University of Manouba, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Ansgar Schulz
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Mohamed Gharbi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Zoonoses, and Sanitary Regulation, University of Manouba, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
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9
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Ritter M, Canus L, Gautam A, Vallet T, Zhong L, Lalande A, Boson B, Gandhi A, Bodoirat S, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Freitas N, Roingeard P, Barr JN, Lotteau V, Legros V, Mathieu C, Cosset FL, Denolly S. The low-density lipoprotein receptor and apolipoprotein E associated with CCHFV particles mediate CCHFV entry into cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4542. [PMID: 38806525 PMCID: PMC11133370 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48989-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an emerging pathogen of the Orthonairovirus genus that can cause severe and often lethal hemorrhagic diseases in humans. CCHFV has a broad tropism and can infect a variety of species and tissues. Here, by using gene silencing, blocking antibodies or soluble receptor fragments, we identify the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) as a CCHFV entry factor. The LDL-R facilitates binding of CCHFV particles but does not allow entry of Hazara virus (HAZV), another member of the genus. In addition, we show that apolipoprotein E (apoE), an exchangeable protein that mediates LDL/LDL-R interaction, is incorporated on CCHFV particles, though not on HAZV particles, and enhances their specific infectivity by promoting an LDL-R dependent entry. Finally, we show that molecules that decrease LDL-R from the surface of target cells could inhibit CCHFV infection. Our study highlights that CCHFV takes advantage of a lipoprotein receptor and recruits its natural ligand to promote entry into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Ritter
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Lola Canus
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Anupriya Gautam
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Vallet
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Li Zhong
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Lalande
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Bertrand Boson
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Apoorv Gandhi
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Sergueï Bodoirat
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- Inserm U1259, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH), Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032, Tours, France
- Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Tours, France
| | - Natalia Freitas
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- Inserm U1259, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH), Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032, Tours, France
- Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Tours, France
| | - John N Barr
- Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Vincent Legros
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Lyon, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Solène Denolly
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France.
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Bost C, Castro-Scholten S, Sadeghi B, Cano-Terriza D, Frías M, Jiménez-Ruiz S, Groschup MH, García-Bocanegra I, Fischer K. Approaching the complexity of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus serology: A study in swine. J Virol Methods 2024; 326:114915. [PMID: 38479590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne zoonotic orthonairovirus of public health concern and widespread geographic distribution. Several animal species are known to seroconvert after infection with CCHFV without showing clinical symptoms. The commercial availability of a multi-species ELISA has led to an increase in recent serosurveillance studies as well as in the range of species reported to be exposed to CCHFV in the field, including wild boar (Sus scrofa). However, development and validation of confirmatory serological tests for swine based on different CCHFV antigens or test principles are hampered by the lack of defined control sera from infected and non-infected animals. For the detection of anti-CCHFV antibodies in swine, we established a swine-specific in-house ELISA using a panel of swine sera from CCHFV-free regions and regions with reported CCHFV circulation. We initially screened more than 700 serum samples from wild boar and domestic pigs and observed a correlation of ≃67% between the commercial and the in-house test. From these sera, we selected a panel of 60 samples that were further analyzed in a newly established indirect immunofluorescence assay (iIFA) and virus neutralization test. ELISA-non-reactive samples tested negative. Interestingly, only a subset of samples reactive in both ELISA and iIFA displayed CCHFV-neutralizing antibodies. The observed partial discrepancy between the tests may be explained by different test sensitivities, antibody cross-reactivities or suggests that the immune response to CCHFV in swine is not necessarily associated with eliciting neutralizing antibodies. Overall, this study highlights that meaningful CCHFV serology in swine, and possibly other species, should involve the performance of multiple tests and careful interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bost
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems, Greifswald-Insel, Germany
| | - Sabrina Castro-Scholten
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Balal Sadeghi
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems, Greifswald-Insel, Germany
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Mario Frías
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems, Greifswald-Insel, Germany
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems, Greifswald-Insel, Germany.
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11
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Frías M, Fischer K, Castro-Scholten S, Bost C, Cano-Terriza D, Risalde MÁ, Acevedo P, Jiménez-Ruiz S, Sadeghi B, Groschup MH, Caballero-Gómez J, García-Bocanegra I. Epidemiologic Survey of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Suids, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:984-990. [PMID: 38666621 PMCID: PMC11060457 DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.240074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional study in wild boar and extensively managed Iberian pig populations in a hotspot area of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in Spain. We tested for antibodies against CCHFV by using 2 ELISAs in parallel. We assessed the presence of CCHFV RNA by means of reverse transcription quantitative PCR protocol, which detects all genotypes. A total of 113 (21.8%) of 518 suids sampled showed antibodies against CCHFV by ELISA. By species, 106 (39.7%) of 267 wild boars and 7 (2.8%) of 251 Iberian pigs analyzed were seropositive. Of the 231 Iberian pigs and 231 wild boars analyzed, none tested positive for CCHFV RNA. These findings indicate high CCHFV exposure in wild boar populations in endemic areas and confirm the susceptibility of extensively reared pigs to CCHFV, even though they may only play a limited role in the enzootic cycle.
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12
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Welch SR, Garrison AR, Bente DA, Burt F, D'Addiego J, Devignot S, Dowall S, Fischer K, Hawman DW, Hewson R, Mirazimi A, Oestereich L, Vatansever Z, Spengler JR, Papa A. Third International Conference on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Thessaloniki, Greece, September 19-21, 2023. Antiviral Res 2024; 225:105844. [PMID: 38428749 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The Third International Conference on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) was held in Thessaloniki, Greece, September 19-21, 2023, bringing together a diverse group of international partners, including public health professionals, clinicians, ecologists, epidemiologists, immunologists, and virologists. The conference was attended by 118 participants representing 24 countries and the World Health Organization (WHO). Meeting sessions covered the epidemiology of CCHF in humans; Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in ticks; wild and domestic animal hosts; molecular virology; pathogenesis and animal models; immune response related to therapeutics; and CCHF prevention in humans. The concluding session focused on recent WHO recommendations regarding disease prevention, control strategies, and innovations against CCHFV outbreaks. This meeting report summarizes lectures by the invited speakers and highlights advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Aura R Garrison
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Dennis A Bente
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jake D'Addiego
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Stephanie Devignot
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stuart Dowall
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Roger Hewson
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Oestereich
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infectious Research, Partner Sites Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zati Vatansever
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Parasitology, Kars, Turkey
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Samkange A, Mbiri P, Matomola OC, Zaire G, Homateni A, Junias E, Kaatura I, Khaiseb S, Ekandjo S, Shoopala J, Hausiku M, Shilongo A, Mujiwa ML, Dietze K, Busch F, Winter C, Matos C, Weiss S, Chitanga S. Serological Evidence of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever in Livestock in the Omaheke Region of Namibia. Microorganisms 2024; 12:838. [PMID: 38674782 PMCID: PMC11051821 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This research examined the positivity ratio of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) antibodies in cattle and sheep within Namibia's Omaheke region after a human disease outbreak in the same geographical area. A total of 200 samples (100 cattle and 100 sheep) were randomly collected from animals brought to two regional auction sites, and then tested using the ID Screen® CCHF Double Antigen Multi-Species Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kit. Of the cattle samples, 36% tested positive, while 22% of the sheep samples were seropositive. The cattle had a significantly higher positivity ratio than sheep at the individual animal level (p = 0.0291). At the herd level, 62.5% of cattle herds and 45.5% of sheep flocks had at least one positive animal, but this difference was statistically insignificant (p = 0.2475). The fourteen cattle farms with at least one seropositive animal were dispersed across the Omaheke region. In contrast, the ten sheep farms with seropositive cases were predominantly situated in the southern half of the region. The study concluded that the CCHF is endemic in the Omaheke region and likely in most of Namibia, underscoring the importance of continued surveillance and preventive measures to mitigate the impact of CCHFV on animal health and potential spillover into human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaster Samkange
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (A.S.); (P.M.); (O.C.M.); (I.K.); (S.K.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Pricilla Mbiri
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (A.S.); (P.M.); (O.C.M.); (I.K.); (S.K.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Ophelia Chuma Matomola
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (A.S.); (P.M.); (O.C.M.); (I.K.); (S.K.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Georgina Zaire
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (G.Z.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (S.E.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Homateni
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (G.Z.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (S.E.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Elifas Junias
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (G.Z.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (S.E.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Israel Kaatura
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (A.S.); (P.M.); (O.C.M.); (I.K.); (S.K.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Siegfried Khaiseb
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (A.S.); (P.M.); (O.C.M.); (I.K.); (S.K.); (M.L.M.)
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (G.Z.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (S.E.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Simson Ekandjo
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (G.Z.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (S.E.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Johannes Shoopala
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (G.Z.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (S.E.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Magrecia Hausiku
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (G.Z.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (S.E.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Albertina Shilongo
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (G.Z.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (S.E.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Mushabati Linus Mujiwa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (A.S.); (P.M.); (O.C.M.); (I.K.); (S.K.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Klaas Dietze
- Institute of International Animal Health/One Health, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (K.D.); (F.B.)
| | - Frank Busch
- Institute of International Animal Health/One Health, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (K.D.); (F.B.)
| | - Christian Winter
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.W.); (C.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Carolina Matos
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.W.); (C.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Sabrina Weiss
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.W.); (C.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Simbarashe Chitanga
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (A.S.); (P.M.); (O.C.M.); (I.K.); (S.K.); (M.L.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 50110, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
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Baz-Flores S, Jiménez-Martín D, Peralbo-Moreno A, Herraiz C, Cano-Terriza D, Cuadrado-Matías R, García-Bocanegra I, Ruiz-Fons F. Animal Exposure Model for Mapping Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Emergence Risk. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:672-680. [PMID: 38526057 PMCID: PMC10977842 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.221604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To estimate the determinants of spatial variation in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) transmission and to create a risk map as a preventive public health tool, we designed a survey of small domestic ruminants in Andalusia, Spain. To assess CCHFV exposure spatial distribution, we analyzed serum from 2,440 sheep and goats by using a double-antigen ELISA and modeled exposure probability with environmental predictors by using generalized linear mixed models. CCHFV antibodies detected in 84 samples confirmed low CCHFV prevalence in small domestic ruminants in the region. The best-fitted statistical model indicated that the most significant predictors of virus exposure risk were cattle/horse density and the normalized difference vegetation index. Model validation showed 99.7% specificity and 10.2% sensitivity for identifying CCHFV circulation areas. To map CCHFV exposure risk, we projected the model at a 1 × 1-km spatial resolution. Our study provides insight into CCHFV ecology that is useful for preventing virus transmission.
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15
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Hughes EC, de Glanville W, Kibona T, Mmbaga BT, Rostal MK, Swai ES, Cleaveland S, Lankester F, Willett BJ, Allan KJ. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Seroprevalence in Human and Livestock Populations, Northern Tanzania. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:836-838. [PMID: 38526202 PMCID: PMC10977851 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional study of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in northern Tanzania. CCHFV seroprevalence in humans and ruminant livestock was high, as were spatial heterogeneity levels. CCHFV could represent an unrecognized human health risk in this region and should be included as a differential diagnosis for febrile illness.
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16
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Shin OS, Monticelli SR, Hjorth CK, Hornet V, Doyle M, Abelson D, Kuehne AI, Wang A, Bakken RR, Mishra A, Middlecamp M, Champney E, Stuart L, Maurer DP, Li J, Berrigan J, Barajas J, Balinandi S, Lutwama JJ, Lobel L, Zeitlin L, Walker LM, Dye JM, Chandran K, Herbert AS, Pauli NT, McLellan JS. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Survivors Elicit Protective Non-Neutralizing Antibodies that Target 11 Overlapping Regions on Viral Glycoprotein GP38. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.02.583110. [PMID: 38496658 PMCID: PMC10942344 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.02.583110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus can cause lethal disease in humans yet there are no approved medical countermeasures. Viral glycoprotein GP38, unique to Nairoviridae, is a target of protective antibodies, but extensive mapping of the human antibody response to GP38 has not been previously performed. Here, we isolated 188 GP38-specific antibodies from human survivors of infection. Competition experiments showed that these antibodies bind across five distinct antigenic sites, encompassing eleven overlapping regions. Additionally, we reveal structures of GP38 bound with nine of these antibodies targeting different antigenic sites. Although GP38-specific antibodies were non-neutralizing, several antibodies were found to have protection equal to or better than murine antibody 13G8 in two highly stringent rodent models of infection. Together, these data expand our understanding regarding this important viral protein and inform the development of broadly effective CCHFV antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie R. Monticelli
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
- Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98042, USA
| | - Christy K. Hjorth
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Dafna Abelson
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Russell R. Bakken
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Akaash Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Lauran Stuart
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob Berrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | | | - Leslie Lobel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - John M. Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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17
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Sadeghi H, Khoei SG, Shahsavari S, Aslanimehr M, Nikkhahi F, Babaei A, Gheibi N, Bizhani B. Probable vector of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus; Hyalomma aegyptium: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Germs 2024; 14:45-62. [PMID: 39169977 PMCID: PMC11333845 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2024.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the widest emerging severe viral tick-borne disease affecting humans. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) circulates by routine enzootic tick-vertebrate hosts-tick transmission cycles. We aimed to evaluate the molecular prevalence of CCHFV in ticks on a global scale. Methods A systematic procedure was used to perform this review and meta-analysis using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases from 1 January 2000 through 12 April 2023. Of the 2310 papers identified, 43 articles met the inclusion criteria for this study. Results The overall prevalence of CCHFV was 4.0% (95%CI: 2.7-6.0%) in ticks on the global scale, with heterogeneity (I2=96.387; p=0.0001). The genus Hyalomma was shown as the most frequent tick infected with CCHFV 5.4% (95%CI: 3.3-8.7%). We found that the pooled prevalence of CCHFV was higher in Hyalomma aegyptium 27.6% (95%CI: 22.7-33.2%). The pooled prevalence was higher in Asia 5.1% (95%CI: 3.3-7.7%), and Spain 21.0% (95%CI: 3.4-66.9). The locations with annual rainfall of 401-1000 mm 6.1% (95%CI: 2.6-13.5%) and latitude of 31-40° 6.0% (95%CI: 4.1-8.9%) were associated with the greatest pooled prevalence of CCHFV in ticks. Conclusions Surveillance of CCHFV in ticks will give a better comprehension for the future implementation of public health interventions. The question of whether Hyalomma aegyptium is a plausible or certain vector should be the subject of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sadeghi
- PhD, Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Blvd, postal code: 3419759811, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei
- PhD, Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Blvd, postal code: 3419759811, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sara Shahsavari
- MSc, Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Blvd, postal code: 3419759811, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Aslanimehr
- PhD, Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Blvd, postal code: 3419759811, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- PhD, Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Blvd, postal code: 3419759811, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Abouzar Babaei
- PhD, Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Blvd, postal code: 3419759811, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- PhD, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non Communicable Diseases, Shahid Bahonar Blvd, postal code: 3419759811, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Behzad Bizhani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Blvd, postal code: 3419759811, Qazvin, Iran
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18
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Hungwe FTT, Laycock KM, Ntereke TD, Mabaka R, Paganotti GM. A historical perspective on arboviruses of public health interest in Southern Africa. Pathog Glob Health 2024; 118:131-159. [PMID: 38082563 PMCID: PMC11141323 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2023.2290375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are an existing and expanding threat globally, with the potential for causing devastating health and socioeconomic impacts. Mitigating this threat necessitates a One Health approach that integrates vector surveillance, rapid disease detection, and innovative prevention and control measures. In Southern Africa, limited data on the epidemiology of arboviruses, their vectors, and their hosts prevent an effective response. We reviewed the current knowledge on arboviruses in Southern Africa and identified opportunities for further research. A literature search was conducted to identify studies published on arboviruses in 10 tropical and temperate countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) from 1900 onward. We identified 280 studies, half (51.1%) originating from South Africa, that described 31 arboviral species, their vectors, and their clinical effects on hosts reported in the region. Arboviral research flourished in the SADC in the mid-20th century but then declined, before reemerging in the last two decades. Recent research consists largely of case reports describing outbreaks. Historical vector surveillance and serosurveys from the mid-20th century suggest that arboviruses are plentiful across Southern Africa, but large gaps remain in the current understanding of arboviral distribution, transmission dynamics, and public health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith T. T. Hungwe
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katherine M. Laycock
- The Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Rorisang Mabaka
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Giacomo M. Paganotti
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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19
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Nepveu-Traversy ME, Fausther-Bovendo H, Babuadze G(G. Human Tick-Borne Diseases and Advances in Anti-Tick Vaccine Approaches: A Comprehensive Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:141. [PMID: 38400125 PMCID: PMC10891567 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the field of anti-tick vaccines, addressing their significance in combating tick-borne diseases of public health concern. The main objectives are to provide a brief epidemiology of diseases affecting humans and a thorough understanding of tick biology, traditional tick control methods, the development and mechanisms of anti-tick vaccines, their efficacy in field applications, associated challenges, and future prospects. Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) pose a significant and escalating threat to global health and the livestock industries due to the widespread distribution of ticks and the multitude of pathogens they transmit. Traditional tick control methods, such as acaricides and repellents, have limitations, including environmental concerns and the emergence of tick resistance. Anti-tick vaccines offer a promising alternative by targeting specific tick proteins crucial for feeding and pathogen transmission. Developing vaccines with antigens based on these essential proteins is likely to disrupt these processes. Indeed, anti-tick vaccines have shown efficacy in laboratory and field trials successfully implemented in livestock, reducing the prevalence of TBDs. However, some challenges still remain, including vaccine efficacy on different hosts, polymorphisms in ticks of the same species, and the economic considerations of adopting large-scale vaccine strategies. Emerging technologies and approaches hold promise for improving anti-tick vaccine development and expanding their impact on public health and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugues Fausther-Bovendo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 75550, USA;
| | - George (Giorgi) Babuadze
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 75550, USA;
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20
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Milano A, Robbiati C, Declich S, Calistri P, Pediconi O, Amato L, Paronyan L, Avetisyan L, Manucharyan A, Avetisyan G, Yesayan T, Gevorgyan A, Markosyan T, Dente MG. Assessing the Adoption of One Health Approaches in National Plans to Combat Health Threats: The Pilot of a One Health Conceptual Framework in Armenia. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:22. [PMID: 38251220 PMCID: PMC10819525 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to several factors, such as environmental and climate changes, the risk of health threats originating at the human-animal-environment interface, including vector-borne diseases (VBDs) and zoonoses, is increasing. Low-resource settings struggle to counter these multidimensional risks due to their already-strained health systems and are therefore disproportionally affected by the impact caused by these changes. Systemic approaches like One Health (OH) are sought to strengthen prevention and preparedness strategies by addressing the drivers of potential threats with a multidisciplinary and multisectoral approach, considering the whole system at the human-animal-environment interface. The integration of OH in national plans can be challenging due to the lack of effective coordination and collaboration among different sectors. To support the process of knowledge coproduction about the level of OH integration in prevention and preparedness strategies against health threats in Armenia, a situation analysis was performed on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever/virus and anthrax (identified by local stakeholders as priorities to be addressed with the OH approach), and actions to strengthen the national OH system were identified with the support of a OH conceptual framework. The study highlighted that multidisciplinary and multisectoral efforts towards prevention and preparedness against VBDs and zoonoses threats need to be strengthened in Armenia, and priority actions to integrate the OH approach were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Milano
- National Center for Global Health, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Robbiati
- National Center for Global Health, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Declich
- National Center for Global Health, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calistri
- National Reference Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, Programming, Information and Risk Analysis (COVEPI), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Ombretta Pediconi
- Training and Project Management Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Laura Amato
- National Reference Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, Programming, Information and Risk Analysis (COVEPI), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Lusine Paronyan
- Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases Epidemiology Department, National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yerevan 0096, Armenia
| | - Lilit Avetisyan
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yerevan 0096, Armenia
| | - Arsen Manucharyan
- Reference Laboratory Center Reference Laboratory of Episootology, Ectoparasitology and Entomology, National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yerevan 0096, Armenia
| | - Georgi Avetisyan
- Veterinary Inspectorate, Food Safety Inspection Body, MoE, Yerevan 0010, Armenia
| | - Tigran Yesayan
- Veterinary Inspectorate, Food Safety Inspection Body, MoE, Yerevan 0010, Armenia
| | - Arman Gevorgyan
- Veterinary Inspectorate, Food Safety Inspection Body, MoE, Yerevan 0010, Armenia
| | | | - Maria Grazia Dente
- National Center for Global Health, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), 00161 Rome, Italy
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21
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Baz-Flores S, Herraiz C, Peralbo-Moreno A, Barral M, Arnal MC, Balseiro A, Cano-Terriza D, Castro-Scholten S, Cevidanes A, Conde-Lizarralde A, Cuadrado-Matías R, Escribano F, de Luco DF, Fidalgo LE, Hermoso-de Mendoza J, Fandos P, Gómez-Guillamón F, Granados JE, Jiménez-Martín D, López-Olvera JR, Martín I, Martínez R, Mentaberre G, García-Bocanegra I, Ruiz-Fons F. Mapping the risk of exposure to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in the Iberian Peninsula using Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a model. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102281. [PMID: 37995393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne zoonotic pathogen that can cause a lethal haemorrhagic disease in humans. Although the virus appears to be endemically established in the Iberian Peninsula, CCHF is an emerging disease in Spain. Clinical signs of CCHFV infection are mainly manifested in humans, but the virus replicates in several animal species. Understanding the determinants of CCHFV exposure risk from animal models is essential to predicting high-risk exposure hotspots for public health action. With this objective in mind, we designed a cross-sectional study of Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Spain and Portugal. The study analysed 5,291 sera collected between 2006 and 2022 from 90 wild boar populations with a specific double-antigen ELISA to estimate CCHFV serum prevalence and identify the main determinants of exposure probability. To do so, we statistically modelled exposure risk with host- and environment-related predictors and spatially projected it at a 10 × 10 km square resolution at the scale of the Iberian Peninsula to map foci of infection risk. Fifty-seven (63.3 %) of the 90 populations had at least one seropositive animal, with seroprevalence ranging from 0.0 to 88.2 %. Anti-CCHFV antibodies were found in 1,026 of 5,291 wild boar (19.4 %; 95 % confidence interval: 18.3-20.5 %), with highest exposure rates in southwestern Iberia. The most relevant predictors of virus exposure risk were wild boar abundance, local rainfall regime, shrub cover, winter air temperature and soil temperature variation. The spatial projection of the best-fit model identified high-risk foci as occurring in most of western and southwestern Iberia and identified recently confirmed risk foci in eastern Spain. The results of the study demonstrate that serological surveys of CCHFV vector hosts are a powerful, robust and highly informative tool for public health authorities to take action to prevent human cases of CCHF in enzootic and emergency settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Baz-Flores
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cesar Herraiz
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alfonso Peralbo-Moreno
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marta Barral
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Mari Cruz Arnal
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas, Grulleros, 24346 León, Spain
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sabrina Castro-Scholten
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aitor Cevidanes
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Alazne Conde-Lizarralde
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Raúl Cuadrado-Matías
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Fernando Escribano
- Centro de Recuperación de Fauna Silvestre "El Valle", Ctra. Subida del Valle 62, 30150, La Alberca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniel Fernández de Luco
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Eusebio Fidalgo
- Departamento de Anatomía, Producción Animal y Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias (APAyCCV) Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Javier Hermoso-de Mendoza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Félix Gómez-Guillamón
- Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible, Junta de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
| | - José E Granados
- Parque Nacional y Parque Natural Sierra Nevada, Carretera Antigua de Sierra Nevada km 7, 18071 Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
| | - Débora Jiménez-Martín
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jorge R López-Olvera
- Wildlife Ecology & Health (WE&H) research group and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Martín
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Remigio Martínez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group (WE&H), Departament de Ciència Animal, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària (ETSEA), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Fons
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III,.
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22
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Telford C, Nyakarahuka L, Waller L, Kitron U, Shoemaker T. Spatial prediction of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus seroprevalence among livestock in Uganda. One Health 2023; 17:100576. [PMID: 38024282 PMCID: PMC10665170 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a viral disease that can infect humans via contact with tick vectors or livestock reservoirs and can cause moderate to severe disease. The first human case of CCHF in Uganda was identified in 2013. To determine the geographic distribution of the CCHF virus (CCHFV), serosampling among herds of livestock was conducted in 28 Uganda districts in 2017. A geostatistical model of CCHF seroprevalence among livestock was developed to incorporate environmental and anthropogenic variables associated with elevated CCHF seroprevalence to predict CCHF seroprevalence on a map of Uganda and estimate the probability that CCHF seroprevalence exceeded 30% at each prediction location. Environmental and anthropogenic variables were also analyzed in separate models to determine the spatially varying drivers of prediction and determine which covariate class resulted in best prediction certainty. Covariates used in the full model included distance to the nearest croplands, average annual change in night-time light index, percent sand soil content, land surface temperature, and enhanced vegetation index. Elevated CCHF seroprevalence occurred in patches throughout the country, being highest in northern Uganda. Environmental covariates drove predicted seroprevalence in the full model more than anthropogenic covariates. Combination of environmental and anthropogenic variables resulted in the best prediction certainty. An understanding of the spatial distribution of CCHF across Uganda and the variables that drove predictions can be used to prioritize specific locations and activities to reduce the risk of future CCHF transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson Telford
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Luke Nyakarahuka
- Uganda Virus Research Institute, 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, 7062 University Rd, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lance Waller
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Trevor Shoemaker
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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23
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Carrera-Faja L, Espunyes J, Cardells J, Fernández Aguilar X, Pailler-García L, Napp S, Cabezón O. Dynamics of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in two wild ungulate hosts during a disease-induced population collapse. One Health 2023; 17:100622. [PMID: 38024274 PMCID: PMC10665167 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the role that host species play in pathogen transmission and maintenance is crucial for disease control, but it is a difficult task, in particular for vector-borne and multi-host pathogens, and especially when wildlife species are involved. This is the case for a Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) hotspot in north-eastern Spain, where Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) are involved, but their roles in disease transmission are unclear. In this context, we studied the dynamics of CCHFV transmission in these two species during the collapse of an Iberian ibex population due to a sarcoptic mange outbreak. We carried out a repeated cross-sectional study measuring the trends of CCHFV seroprevalence in Iberian ibex and wild boar and their abundances. In addition, we identified the tick species present in this area on the vegetation and on wild boars, and evaluated relevant meteorological factors. Results show that while the trends in CCHFV seroprevalence in Iberian Ibex and density of wild boars remained constant (p = 1.0 and p = 0.8, respectively), both the trends in Iberian ibex census and CCHFV seroprevalence in wild boars decreased significantly (p = 0.003 and p = 0.0001, respectively), and were correlated (Spearman's rank, 0.02 < p-adjusted<0.05). The correlation between the patterns of reduction of Iberian ibex abundance and the decrease of seroprevalence in wild boars suggests some sort of shared transmission cycle between the two species. Data from tick species in the area suggest a possible role of Rhipicephalus bursa in CCHFV transmission. The dynamics of CCHFV were unlikely caused by changes in meteorological variables such as temperature or water vapor pressure deficit. Further studies will be needed to confirm these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carrera-Faja
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Johan Espunyes
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jesús Cardells
- Servicio de Análisis, Investigación y Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Veterinary Faculty, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, Tirant lo Blanc Street 7, Alfara del Patriarca 46115, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xavier Fernández Aguilar
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lola Pailler-García
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sebastian Napp
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Oscar Cabezón
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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24
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Dahourou LD, Akio S, Savadogo M, Yougbaré B, Ouoba LB, Tapsoba ASR, Zerbo LH, Ilboudo AK, Abga RL, Traoré A, Dione MM, Bada Alambédji R. Serological evidence and factors associated with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in sheep in Burkina Faso. Vet Med Sci 2023; 10:e1322. [PMID: 37985204 PMCID: PMC10803946 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is caused by an orthonairovirus transmitted by bites from infected ticks or by direct contact with blood or tissues of infected ticks, viraemic patients or viraemic livestock. OBJECTIVE It was implemented to access the seropositivity and associated factors with CCHF in sheep in two provinces in Burkina Faso. METHODS Three hundred and sixty-four sheep sera have been taken from 73 herds in four municipalities and two provinces. The double-antigen sandwich ELISA test was used to test for antibodies against CCHF virus (CCHFV). Data have also been collected using questionnaire to assess factors associated with CCHF seropositivity. RESULTS Fifty-four (54 out to 364 sheep were seropositive given an overall seropositivity of 14.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.9%-19.8%) with an adjusted seropositivity of 13.1%. The study showed that 15.6% (95% CI: 10.2-21.0) and 14.1% (95% CI: 9.2-19.1) of sheep in the provinces of Mouhoun and Kénédougou, respectively, had antibodies against CCHFV. The highest seropositivity was found in Dédougou municipality (24.4%). The study showed that sheep from the municipalities of Dédougou (AOR = 8.4; 95% CI: 2.2-31.8), N'dorola (AOR = 14.7; 95% CI: 3.8-56.8), Sindou (AOR = 4.9; 95% CI: 1.2-20.7), sheep aged between 27 and 36 months (AOR = 6.4; 95% CI: 2.3-17.3) and sheep with ticks (AOR = 24.8; 95% CI: 7.7-80.1) were more likely to be seropositive to CCHF. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that sheep in Burkina Faso experienced contacts with CCHFV and suggests the importance of implementing control action in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laibané Dieudonné Dahourou
- Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement et du Développement Rural (ISEDR)Université de DédougouDédougouBurkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Biologie et santé animales (LABIOSA)Institut de l'Environnement et de recherches Agricoles (INERA)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Salimata Akio
- Service de MicrobiologieImmunologie et Pathologie InfectieuseDépartement de Santé Publique et EnvironnementEcole Inter‐Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires (EISMV)DakarSénégal
| | - Madi Savadogo
- Laboratoire National de Référence‐Grippes (LNR‐G)Maladies Emergentes et ZoonosesDépartement de Biologie Médicale et Santé PubliqueUnité des Maladies à potentiel Epidémique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Bernadette Yougbaré
- Laboratoire de Biologie et santé animales (LABIOSA)Institut de l'Environnement et de recherches Agricoles (INERA)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Abdoul Kader Ilboudo
- Laboratoire National de Référence‐Grippes (LNR‐G)Maladies Emergentes et ZoonosesDépartement de Biologie Médicale et Santé PubliqueUnité des Maladies à potentiel Epidémique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
- Animal and Human Health ProgramInternational Livestock Research InstituteDakarSenegal
| | - Roland Lamoussa Abga
- Service de MicrobiologieImmunologie et Pathologie InfectieuseDépartement de Santé Publique et EnvironnementEcole Inter‐Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires (EISMV)DakarSénégal
| | - Amadou Traoré
- Laboratoire de Biologie et santé animales (LABIOSA)Institut de l'Environnement et de recherches Agricoles (INERA)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Michel Mainack Dione
- Animal and Human Health ProgramInternational Livestock Research InstituteDakarSenegal
| | - Rianatou Bada Alambédji
- Service de MicrobiologieImmunologie et Pathologie InfectieuseDépartement de Santé Publique et EnvironnementEcole Inter‐Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires (EISMV)DakarSénégal
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25
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Nyakarahuka L, Kyondo J, Telford C, Whitesell A, Tumusiime A, Mulei S, Baluku J, Cossaboom CM, Cannon DL, Montgomery JM, Lutwama JJ, Nichol ST, Balinandi SK, Klena JD, Shoemaker TR. Seroepidemiological investigation of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in livestock in Uganda, 2017. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288587. [PMID: 37943886 PMCID: PMC10635543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an important zoonotic disease transmitted to humans both by tick vectors and contact with fluids from an infected animal or human. Although animals are not symptomatic when infected, they are the main source of human infection. Uganda has reported sporadic human outbreaks of CCHF in various parts of the country since 2013. We designed a nationwide epidemiological study to investigate the burden of CCHF in livestock. A total of 3181 animals were sampled; 1732 cattle (54.4%), 1091 goats (34.3%), and 358 sheep (11.3%) resulting in overall livestock seropositivity of IgG antibodies against CCHF virus (CCHFV) of 31.4% (999/3181). Seropositivity in cattle was 16.9% and in sheep and goats was 48.8%. Adult and juvenile animals had higher seropositivity compared to recently born animals, and seropositivity was higher in female animals (33.5%) compared to male animals (24.1%). Local breeds had higher (36.8%) compared to exotic (2.8%) and cross breeds (19.3%). Animals that had a history of abortion or stillbirth had higher seropositivity compared to those without a history of abortion or stillbirth. CCHFV seropositivity appeared to be generally higher in northern districts of the country, though spatial trends among sampled districts were not examined. A multivariate regression analysis using a generalized linear mixed model showed that animal species, age, sex, region, and elevation were all significantly associated with CCHFV seropositivity after adjusting for the effects of other model predictors. This study shows that CCHFV is actively circulating in Uganda, posing a serious risk for human infection. The results from this study can be used to help target surveillance efforts for early case detection in animals and limit subsequent spillover into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Nyakarahuka
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jackson Kyondo
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Carson Telford
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amy Whitesell
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alex Tumusiime
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Sophia Mulei
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Jimmy Baluku
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Caitlin M. Cossaboom
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Deborah L. Cannon
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Joel M. Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Julius J. Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stephen K. Balinandi
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - John D. Klena
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Trevor R. Shoemaker
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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El Ghassem A, Apolloni A, Vial L, Bouvier R, Bernard C, Khayar MS, Cheikh Ahmed M, Fausther-Bovendo H, Beyit AD, Yahya B, Ould El Mamy MB, Elbara A, Bollahi MA, Cêtre-Sossah C, Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary A. Risk factors associated with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus circulation among human, livestock and ticks in Mauritania through a one health retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:764. [PMID: 37932678 PMCID: PMC10626674 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is endemic in Southern Mauritania where recurrent outbreaks have been constantly observed since the 1980's. The present study is the first to assess CCHFV antibodies and RNA in humans. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted using 263 humans and 1380 domestic animals serum samples, and 282 tick specimens of Hyalomma genus collected from 54 settings in 12 provinces across Mauritania. Antibodies targeting CCHF viral nucleoprotein were detected in animal and human sera using double-antigen ELISA. CCHFV specific RNA was detected in human and animal sera as well as tick supernatants using a CCHFV real time RT-PCR kit. Individual characteristics of sampled hosts were collected at the same time and data were geo-referenced. Satellite data of several environmental and climatic factors, were downloaded from publicly available datasets, and combined with data on livestock mobility, animal and human density, road accessibility and individual characteristics to identify possible risk factors for CCHFV spatial distribution. To this end, multivariate logistic models were developed for each host category (human, small and large ruminants). RESULTS The overall CCHFV antibody prevalence was 11.8% [95% CI: 8.4-16.3] in humans (17.9% in 2020 and 5.4% in 2021; p = 0.0017) and 33.1% (95% CI: 30.1-36.3) in livestock. CCHFV-specific antibodies were detected in 91 (18.1%) out of 502 sheep, 43 (9.0%) out of 477 goats, 144 (90.5%) out of 161 dromedaries and 179 (74.6%) out of 240 cattle. CCHFV RNA was detected in only 2 (0.7%) sera out of 263 animals herders samples from Hodh El Gharbi province and in 32 (11.3%) out of 282 Hyalomma ticks. In humans as well as in animals, seropositivity was not associated with sex or age groups. The multivariate analysis determined the role of different environmental, climatic and anthropic factors in the spatial distribution of the disease with animal mobility and age being identified as risk factors. CONCLUSION Results of the present study demonstrate the potential risk of CCHF for human population in Mauritania primarily those living in rural areas in close vicinity with animals. Future studies should prioritize an integrative human and veterinary approach for better understanding and managing Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellahi El Ghassem
- Université de Nouakchott, UR GEMI, BP 5026, Nouakchott, Mauritania.
- ONARDEP, BP 167, Nouakchott, Mauritania.
| | - Andrea Apolloni
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier Cedex, 34398, France.
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier, France.
| | - Laurence Vial
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier Cedex, 34398, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Bouvier
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier Cedex, 34398, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier, France
| | - Celia Bernard
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier Cedex, 34398, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Hugues Fausther-Bovendo
- GUARD, Batiscan, QC, G0X 1A0, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Catherine Cêtre-Sossah
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier Cedex, 34398, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier, France
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27
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Arede M, Beltrán-Alcrudo D, Aliyev J, Chaligava T, Keskin I, Markosyan T, Morozov D, Oste S, Pavlenko A, Ponea M, Starciuc N, Zdravkova A, Raizman E, Casal J, Allepuz A. Examination of critical factors influencing ruminant disease dynamics in the Black Sea Basin. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1174560. [PMID: 37808108 PMCID: PMC10557248 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1174560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ruminant production in the Black Sea basin (BSB) is critical for national economies and the subsistence of rural populations. Yet, zoonoses and transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are limiting and threatening the sector. To gain a more comprehensive understanding, this study characterizes key aspects of the ruminant sector in nine countries of the BSB, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Romania, Türkiye, and Ukraine. Methods We selected six priority ruminant diseases (anthrax, brucellosis, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), lumpy skin disease (LSD), and peste des petits ruminants (PPR)) that are present or threaten to emerge in the region. Standardized questionnaires were completed by a network of focal points and supplemented with external sources. We examined country and ruminant-specific data such as demographics, economic importance, and value chains in each country. For disease-specific data, we analysed the sanitary status, management strategies, and temporal trends of the selected diseases. Results and discussion The shift from a centrally planned to a market economy, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, restructured the ruminant sector. This sector played a critical role in rural livelihoods within the BSB. Yet, it faced significant challenges such as the low sustainability of pastoralism, technological limitations, and unregistered farms. Additionally, ruminant health was hindered by informal animal trade as a result of economic factors, insufficient support for the development of formal trade, and socio-cultural drivers. In the Caucasus and Türkiye, where diseases were present, improvements to ruminant health were driven by access to trading opportunities. Conversely, European countries, mostly disease-free, prioritized preventing disease incursion to avoid a high economic burden. While international initiatives for disease management are underway in the BSB, there is still a need for more effective local resource allocation and international partnerships to strengthen veterinary health capacity, protect animal health and improve ruminant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Arede
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Beltrán-Alcrudo
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jeyhun Aliyev
- Food Safety Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Tengiz Chaligava
- Veterinary Department, National Food Agency, Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ipek Keskin
- Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Tigran Markosyan
- Scientific Centre for Risk Assessment and Analysis in Food Safety Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Nubarashen, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Dmitry Morozov
- Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Vitebsk, Belarus
| | - Sarah Oste
- University Institute of Technology Nancy-Brabois, Lorraine University, Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Andrii Pavlenko
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihai Ponea
- National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Starciuc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State Agrarian University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
| | | | - Eran Raizman
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jordi Casal
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Allepuz
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Cantoni D, Wilkie C, Bentley EM, Mayora-Neto M, Wright E, Scott S, Ray S, Castillo-Olivares J, Heeney JL, Mattiuzzo G, Temperton NJ. Correlation between pseudotyped virus and authentic virus neutralisation assays, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1184362. [PMID: 37790941 PMCID: PMC10544934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1184362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The virus neutralization assay is a principal method to assess the efficacy of antibodies in blocking viral entry. Due to biosafety handling requirements of viruses classified as hazard group 3 or 4, pseudotyped viruses can be used as a safer alternative. However, it is often queried how well the results derived from pseudotyped viruses correlate with authentic virus. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to comprehensively evaluate the correlation between the two assays. Methods Using PubMed and Google Scholar, reports that incorporated neutralisation assays with both pseudotyped virus, authentic virus, and the application of a mathematical formula to assess the relationship between the results, were selected for review. Our searches identified 67 reports, of which 22 underwent a three-level meta-analysis. Results The three-level meta-analysis revealed a high level of correlation between pseudotyped viruses and authentic viruses when used in an neutralisation assay. Reports that were not included in the meta-analysis also showed a high degree of correlation, with the exception of lentiviral-based pseudotyped Ebola viruses. Conclusion Pseudotyped viruses identified in this report can be used as a surrogate for authentic virus, though care must be taken in considering which pseudotype core to use when generating new uncharacterised pseudotyped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cantoni
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Wilkie
- School of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emma M. Bentley
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Mayora-Neto
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Chatham, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Wright
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Scott
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Chatham, United Kingdom
| | - Surajit Ray
- School of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Castillo-Olivares
- Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Luke Heeney
- Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- DIOSynVax, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giada Mattiuzzo
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel James Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Chatham, United Kingdom
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Messina JP, Wint GRW. The Spatial Distribution of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever and Its Potential Vectors in Europe and Beyond. INSECTS 2023; 14:771. [PMID: 37754739 PMCID: PMC10532370 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is considered to be spreading across the globe, with many countries reporting new human CCHF cases in recent decades including Georgia, Türkiye, Albania, and, most recently, Spain. We update a human CCHF distribution map produced in 2015 to include global disease occurrence records to June 2022, and we include the recent records for Europe. The predicted distributions are based on long-established spatial modelling methods and are extended to include all European countries and the surrounding areas. The map produced shows the environmental suitability for the disease, taking into account the distribution of the most important known and potential tick vectors Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma lusitanicum, without which the disease cannot occur. This limits the disease's predicted distribution to the Iberian Peninsula, the Mediterranean seaboard, along with Türkiye and the Caucasus, with a more patchy suitability predicted for inland Greece, the southern Balkans, and extending north to north-west France and central Europe. These updated CCHF maps can be used to identify the areas with the highest probability of disease and to therefore target areas where mitigation measures should currently be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Paula Messina
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, S. Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
- Oxford School of Global and Area Studies, University of Oxford, 13 Bevington Rd., Oxford OX2 6LH, UK
| | - G. R. William Wint
- Environmental Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Rd., Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK;
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30
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Omoga DCA, Tchouassi DP, Venter M, Ogola EO, Osalla J, Kopp A, Slothouwer I, Torto B, Junglen S, Sang R. Transmission Dynamics of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV): Evidence of Circulation in Humans, Livestock, and Rodents in Diverse Ecologies in Kenya. Viruses 2023; 15:1891. [PMID: 37766297 PMCID: PMC10535211 DOI: 10.3390/v15091891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is the causative agent of CCHF, a fatal viral haemorrhagic fever disease in humans. The maintenance of CCHFV in the ecosystem remains poorly understood. Certain tick species are considered as vectors and reservoirs of the virus. Diverse animals are suspected as amplifiers, with only scarce knowledge regarding rodents in virus epidemiology. In this study, serum samples from febrile patients, asymptomatic livestock (cattle, donkeys, sheep, and goats), and peridomestic rodents from Baringo (Marigat) and Kajiado (Nguruman) counties within the Kenyan Rift Valley were screened for acute CCHFV infection by RT-PCR and for CCHFV exposure by ELISA. RT-PCR was performed on all livestock samples in pools (5-7/pool by species and site) and in humans and rodents individually. CCHFV seropositivity was significantly higher in livestock (11.9%, 113/951) compared to rodents (6.5%, 6/93) and humans (5.9%, 29/493) (p = 0.001). Among the livestock, seropositivity was the highest in donkeys (31.4%, 16/51), followed by cattle (14.1%, 44/310), sheep (9.8%, 29/295) and goats (8.1%, 24/295). The presence of IgM antibodies against CCHFV was found in febrile patients suggesting acute or recent infection. CCHFV RNA was detected in four pooled sera samples from sheep (1.4%, 4/280) and four rodent tissues (0.83%, 4/480) showing up to 99% pairwise nucleotide identities among each other. Phylogenetic analyses of partial S segment sequences generated from these samples revealed a close relationship of 96-98% nucleotide identity to strains in the CCHFV Africa 3 lineage. The findings of this study suggest active unnoticed circulation of CCHFV in the study area and the involvement of livestock, rodents, and humans in the circulation of CCHFV in Kenya. The detection of CCHF viral RNA and antibodies against CCHFV in rodents suggests that they may participate in the viral transmission cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorcus C. A. Omoga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (D.C.A.O.); (D.P.T.); (E.O.O.); (J.O.); (B.T.)
- Zoonotic Arbo and Respiratory Virus Research Program, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 323, Gezina 0031, South Africa;
| | - David P. Tchouassi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (D.C.A.O.); (D.P.T.); (E.O.O.); (J.O.); (B.T.)
| | - Marietjie Venter
- Zoonotic Arbo and Respiratory Virus Research Program, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 323, Gezina 0031, South Africa;
| | - Edwin O. Ogola
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (D.C.A.O.); (D.P.T.); (E.O.O.); (J.O.); (B.T.)
| | - Josephine Osalla
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (D.C.A.O.); (D.P.T.); (E.O.O.); (J.O.); (B.T.)
| | - Anne Kopp
- Institute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Inga Slothouwer
- Institute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (D.C.A.O.); (D.P.T.); (E.O.O.); (J.O.); (B.T.)
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Rosemary Sang
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (D.C.A.O.); (D.P.T.); (E.O.O.); (J.O.); (B.T.)
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Sadeghi H, Nikkhahi F, Maleki MR, Simiari A, Bakht M, Gholamzadeh Khoei S. Status of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in ticks in Iran: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2023:106153. [PMID: 37295483 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a re-emerging viral haemorrhagic fever causing outbreaks in Iran in the last 15 years. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the status of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in ticks would be evaluated. PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed original papers published between 2000 and 1 July 2022. We included papers that evaluated the prevalence of CCHFV in individual ticks using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The pooled prevalence of CCHFV was 6.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5-7.9%), with heterogeneity (I2 = 82.706; P < 0.0001). The prevalence of CCHFV was higher related to regions with above sea level of 1001-1500 m (6.4%; 95% CI: 4.3-9.5%), an average temperature of ≤15 °C (8.3%; 95% CI: 5.6-12.0%), latitude of ≥36° (8.1%; 95% CI: 5.2-12.3%), an annual rainfall of 101-300 mm (9.8%; 95% CI: 6.1-15.4%) and humidity of ≥61% (10.2%; 95% CI: 5.1-19.3%). Due to the importance of CCHF, it is better to do new epidemiologic studies on ticks by related organizations and adjacent regions of some provinces in which human cases have been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sadeghi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Maleki
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Aboutaleb Simiari
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakht
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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32
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Valldeperes M, Yerro PP, López-Olvera JR, Fandos P, Lavín S, Escofet RCS, Mentaberre G, León FJCM, Espinosa J, Ráez-Bravo A, Pérez JM, Tampach S, Estruch J, Velarde R, Granados JE. Diseases of Iberian ibex ( Capra pyrenaica). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2023; 69:63. [PMID: 37274486 PMCID: PMC10233571 DOI: 10.1007/s10344-023-01684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) is an ecologically and economically relevant medium-sized emblematic mountain ungulate. Diseases participate in the population dynamics of the species as a regulating agent, but can also threaten the conservation and viability of vulnerable population units. Moreover, Iberian ibex can also be a carrier or even a reservoir of pathogens shared with domestic animals and/or humans, being therefore a concern for livestock and public health. The objective of this review is to compile the currently available knowledge on (1) diseases of Iberian ibex, presented according to their relevance on the health and demography of free-ranging populations; (2) diseases subjected to heath surveillance plans; (3) other diseases reported in the species; and (4) diseases with particular relevance in captive Iberian ibex populations. The systematic review of all the information on diseases affecting the species unveils unpublished reports, scientific communications in meetings, and scientific articles, allowing the first comprehensive compilation of Iberian ibex diseases. This review identifies the gaps in knowledge regarding pathogenesis, immune response, diagnostic methods, treatment, and management of diseases in Iberian ibex, providing a base for future research. Moreover, this challenges wildlife and livestock disease and wildlife population managers to assess the priorities and policies currently implemented in Iberian ibex health surveillance and monitoring and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Valldeperes
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Prieto Yerro
- Parque Natural de las Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas, C/ Martínez Falero 11, 23470 Cazorla Jaén, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación RNM 118. Biología de Especies Cinegéticas y Plagas, Jaén, Spain
| | - Jorge Ramón López-Olvera
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Lavín
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | | | - José Espinosa
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria and Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Arián Ráez-Bravo
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Pérez
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación RNM 118. Biología de Especies Cinegéticas y Plagas, Jaén, Spain
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, and Ecology, Jaén University, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Stefania Tampach
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Estruch
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Velarde
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Enrique Granados
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación RNM 118. Biología de Especies Cinegéticas y Plagas, Jaén, Spain
- Parque Nacional y Parque Natural de Sierra Nevada. Ctra., Antigua de Sierra Nevada Km 7, Pinos Genil, 18191 Granada, Spain
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Saunders JE, Gilbride C, Dowall S, Morris S, Ulaszewska M, Spencer AJ, Rayner E, Graham VA, Kennedy E, Thomas K, Hewson R, Gilbert SC, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Lambe T. Adenoviral vectored vaccination protects against Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever disease in a lethal challenge model. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104523. [PMID: 36933409 PMCID: PMC10025009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tick-borne bunyavirus, Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever virus (CCHFV), can cause severe febrile illness in humans and has a wide geographic range that continues to expand due to tick migration. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines against CCHFV for widespread usage. METHODS In this study, we describe the preclinical assessment of a chimpanzee adenoviral vectored vaccine (ChAdOx2 CCHF) which encodes the glycoprotein precursor (GPC) from CCHFV. FINDINGS We demonstrate here that vaccination with ChAdOx2 CCHF induces both a humoral and cellular immune response in mice and 100% protection in a lethal CCHF challenge model. Delivery of the adenoviral vaccine in a heterologous vaccine regimen with a Modified Vaccinia Ankara vaccine (MVA CCHF) induces the highest levels of CCHFV-specific cell-mediated and antibody responses in mice. Histopathological examination and viral load analysis of the tissues of ChAdOx2 CCHF immunised mice reveals an absence of both microscopic changes and viral antigen associated with CCHF infection, further demonstrating protection against disease. INTERPRETATION There is the continued need for an effective vaccine against CCHFV to protect humans from lethal haemorrhagic disease. Our findings support further development of the ChAd platform expressing the CCHFV GPC to seek an effective vaccine against CCHFV. FUNDING This research was supported by funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UKRI-BBSRC) [BB/R019991/1 and BB/T008784/1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack E Saunders
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ciaran Gilbride
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stuart Dowall
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Susan Morris
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandra J Spencer
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Rayner
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Victoria A Graham
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Emma Kennedy
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Kelly Thomas
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Roger Hewson
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-borne illness with a wide geographical distribution and case fatality rates of 30% or higher. Caused by infection with the CCHF virus (CCHFV), cases are reported throughout Africa, the Middle East, Asia and southern and eastern Europe. The expanding range of the Hyalomma tick vector is placing new populations at risk for CCHF, and no licensed vaccines or specific antivirals exist to treat CCHF. Furthermore, despite cases of CCHF being reported annually, the host and viral determinants of CCHFV pathogenesis are poorly understood. CCHFV can productively infect a multitude of animal species, yet only humans develop a severe illness. Within human populations, subclinical infections are underappreciated and may represent a substantial proportion of clinical outcomes. Compared with other members of the Bunyavirales order, CCHFV has a more complex genomic organization, with many viral proteins having unclear functions in viral pathogenesis. In recent years, improved animal models have led to increased insights into CCHFV pathogenesis, and several antivirals and vaccines for CCHFV have shown robust efficacy in preclinical models. Translation of these insights and candidate therapeutics to the clinic will hopefully reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by CCHFV.
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Mutational analysis of catalytic site domain of CCHFV L RNA segment. J Mol Model 2023; 29:88. [PMID: 36877258 PMCID: PMC9987378 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) has tripartite RNA genome and is endemic in various countries of Asia, Africa and Europe. METHOD The present study is focused on mutation profiling of CCHFV L segment and phylogenetic clustering of protein dataset into six CCHFV genotypes. RESULTS Phylogenetic tree rooted with NCBI reference sequence (YP_325663.1) indicated less divergence from genotype III and the sequences belonging to same genotypes have shown less divergence among each other. Mutation frequency at 729 mutated positions was calculated and 563, 49, 33, 46 and 38 amino acid positions were found to be mutated at mutation frequency intervals of 0-0.2, 0.21-0.4, 0.41-0.6, 0.61-0.8 and 0.81-1.0 respectively. Thirty-eight highly frequent mutations (0.81-1.0 interval) were found in all genotypes and mapping in L segment (encoded for RdRp) revealed four mutations (V2074I, I2134T/A, V2148A and Q2695H/R) in catalytic site domain and no mutation in OTU domain. Molecular dynamic simulation and in silico analysis showed that catalytic site domain displayed large deviation and fluctuation upon introduction of these point mutations. CONCLUSION Overall study provides strong evidence that OTU domain is highly conserved and less prone to mutation whereas point mutations recorded in catalytic domain have affected the stability of protein and were found to be persistent in the large population.
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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: Immunopathogenesis and recent advances in the development of vaccines. Microb Pathog 2023; 177:106054. [PMID: 36882130 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a serious vector-borne zoonotic viral infection which leads to severe illness and fatalities in people living in endemic regions and becoming infected sporadically. Hyalomma ticks are responsible for the transmission of the virus which belongs to the family Nairoviridae. This disease spreads through ticks bite, infected tissues, or blood of viremic animals, and from infected humans to others. Serological studies also indicate the presence of the virus in various domestic and wild animals to be a risk factor for the transmission of the disease. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus elicits many immune responses during the infection including inflammatory, innate, and adaptive immune responses. The development of an effective vaccine could be a promising method for the control and prevention of disease in endemic areas. The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of CCHF, its mode of transmission, the interaction of the virus with the hosts and ticks, immunopathogenesis, and advances in immunization.
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Large outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Iraq, 2022. IJID REGIONS 2023; 6:76-79. [PMID: 36818019 PMCID: PMC9931897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is reported sporadically in Iraq. The lack of preventive veterinary activities during 2 years of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (2020 and 2021) led to the largest CCHF outbreak in Iraq since 1979. Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of CCHF cases that occurred during the first half of 2022 in Iraq in terms of age, sex, residence, history of contact with another case, and history of contact with animals. Materials and methods This descriptive study included laboratory-confirmed cases of CCHF between 1st January 2022 and 26th June 2022. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe the demographic and epidemiologic criteria of the cases. The epidemic curve of the cases was used to describe the timing and duration of the outbreak. Results In total, there were 219 confirmed cases of CCHF from 1st January 2022 to 26th June 2022. The first confirmed case was reported in March 2022, and cases continued to occur through June 2022. The median age of the cases was 34.5 years. The majority of cases were male (n=130, 59.4%), had an unspecified job (n=126, 57.5%) and lived in southern Iraq (n=142, 64.8%). The first case was reported in week 10 of 2022. Case numbers peaked in week 24 (30 cases were reported), and subsequently declined in week 25 (24 cases were reported). The case fatality rate was 16.4%. Conclusion and recommendations The CCHF outbreak in 2022 was the largest in Iraq since the disease was first reported four decades ago. Identification of CCHF strains in Iraq is recommended, together with exploration of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of high-risk groups for CCHF, and a national survey of CCHF vectors in Iraq.
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Atim SA, Niebel M, Ashraf S, Vudriko P, Odongo S, Balinandi S, Aber P, Bameka R, Ademun AR, Masembe C, Tweyongyere R, Thomson EC. Prevalence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in livestock following a confirmed human case in Lyantonde district, Uganda. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:7. [PMID: 36611216 PMCID: PMC9824997 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral infection, characterized by haemorrhagic fever in humans and transient asymptomatic infection in animals. It is an emerging human health threat causing sporadic outbreaks in Uganda. We conducted a detailed outbreak investigation in the animal population following the death from CCHF of a 42-year-old male cattle trader in Lyantonde district, Uganda. This was to ascertain the extent of CCHF virus (CCHFV) circulation among cattle and goats and to identify affected farms and ongoing increased environmental risk for future human infections. METHODS We collected blood and tick samples from 117 cattle and 93 goats, and tested these for anti-CCHFV antibodies and antigen using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and target enrichment next generation sequencing. RESULTS CCHFV-specific IgG antibodies were detected in 110/117 (94.0%) cattle and 83/93 (89.3%) goats. Animal seropositivity was independently associated with female animals (AOR = 9.42, P = 0.002), and animals reared under a pastoral animal production system (AOR = 6.02, P = 0.019] were more likely to be seropositive than tethered or communally grazed animals. CCHFV was detected by sequencing in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks but not in domestic animals. CONCLUSION This investigation demonstrated very high seroprevalence of CCHFV antibodies in both cattle and goats in farms associated with a human case of CCHF in Lyantonde. Therefore, building surveillance programs for CCHF around farms in this area and the Ugandan cattle corridor is indicated, in order to identify opportunities for case prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella A Atim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Centre of Virus Research (CVR), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Marc Niebel
- Centre of Virus Research (CVR), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shirin Ashraf
- Centre of Virus Research (CVR), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Patrick Vudriko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Steven Odongo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen Balinandi
- Department of Emerging, Re-Emerging and Arbovirus Infections, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Peace Aber
- Case Western Research Collaboration, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ronald Bameka
- Lyantonde District Local Government, Lyantonde, Uganda
| | - Anna R Ademun
- Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Charles Masembe
- College of Natural Resources (CoNAS), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert Tweyongyere
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Emma C Thomson
- Centre of Virus Research (CVR), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Stoker Building, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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Atim SA, Ashraf S, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Ademun AR, Vudriko P, Nakayiki T, Niebel M, Shepherd J, Balinandi S, Nakanjako G, Abaasa A, Johnson PC, Odongo S, Esau M, Bahati M, Kaleebu P, Lutwama JJ, Masembe C, Lambe T, Thomson EC, Tweyongyere R. Risk factors for Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus exposure in farming communities in Uganda. J Infect 2022; 85:693-701. [PMID: 36108783 PMCID: PMC9731351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is an emerging human-health threat causing sporadic outbreaks in livestock farming communities. However, the full extent and the risks associated with exposure of such communities has not previously been well-described. METHODS We collected blood samples from 800 humans, 666 cattle, 549 goats and 32 dogs in districts within and outside Ugandan cattle corridor in a cross-sectional survey, and tested for CCHFV-specific IgG antibodies using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays. Sociodemographic and epidemiological data were recorded using structured questionnaire. Ticks were collected to identify circulating nairoviruses by metagenomic sequencing. RESULTS CCHFV seropositivity was in 221/800 (27·6%) in humans, 612/666 (91·8%) in cattle, 413/549 (75·2%) in goats and 18/32 (56·2%) in dogs. Human seropositivity was associated with livestock farming (AOR=5·68, p<0·0001), age (AOR=2·99, p=0·002) and collecting/eating engorged ticks (AOR=2·13, p=0·004). In animals, seropositivity was higher in cattle versus goats (AOR=2·58, p<0·0001), female sex (AOR=2·13, p=0·002) and heavy tick infestation (>50 ticks: AOR=3·52, p=0·004). CCHFV was identified in multiple tick pools of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. INTERPRETATION The very high CCHF seropositivity especially among livestock farmers and multiple regional risk factors associated exposures, including collecting/eating engorged ticks previously unrecognised, highlights need for further surveillance and sensitisation and control policies against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella A. Atim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom,Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Shirin Ashraf
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna R Ademun
- Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Patrick Vudriko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Teddy Nakayiki
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Marc Niebel
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James Shepherd
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Balinandi
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Gladys Nakanjako
- Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda,Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Andrew Abaasa
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe Uganda
| | - Paul C.D. Johnson
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Odongo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Martin Esau
- Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Milton Bahati
- Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda,MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe Uganda
| | - Julius J Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Charles Masembe
- College of Natural Resources (CoNAS), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emma C. Thomson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Robert Tweyongyere
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Corresponding Authors.
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Fanelli A, Buonavoglia D, Lanave G, Monaco F, Quaranta V, Catanzariti R, Ruiz-Fons F, Buonavoglia C. First serological evidence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in transhumant bovines in Italy. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:4022-4027. [PMID: 36150076 PMCID: PMC10091806 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by the arbovirus Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV; family Nairoviridae). Given the public health impact, CCHF is considered a priority disease for the European Union. This study describes the first detection of anti-CCHFV antibodies in transhumant bovines in Italy. Sera from 794 cattle collected across Basilicata region (Southern Italy) were screened using a commercial ELISA kit. The animal-level and herd-level seroprevalences detected were 1.89% [95%CI: 1.12-3.1] and 29.63% [95%CI: 15.68-48.65], respectively. Results of the χ2 test for trend show that the exposure to CCHFV was significantly associated with increasing age, with the odds 5 times higher in 11-22-year old cattle than 1-4-year old cattle. The detection of antibodies against CCHFV in indigenous cattle indicates that the infection occurred in the study area and may warrant further consideration. Additionally, no significant spatial clustering of CCHF infection was detected, supporting the hypothesis that the disease is widespread in the region. Further studies at larger scale are needed to identify the areas at higher risk of zoonotic infection. A One Health approach should be implemented to better understand the disease risk and dynamics in the country, which effectively address the related public health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Abruzzo e Molise, Teramo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Quaranta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Roberta Catanzariti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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Lule SA, Gibb R, Kizito D, Nakanjako G, Mutyaba J, Balinandi S, Owen L, Jones KE, Abubakar I, Lutwama JJ, Field N. Widespread exposure to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Uganda might be driven by transmission from Rhipicephalus ticks: Evidence from cross-sectional and modelling studies. J Infect 2022; 85:683-692. [PMID: 36152736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widespread tick-borne viral infection, present across Africa and Eurasia, which might pose a cryptic public health problem in Uganda. We aimed to understand the magnitude and distribution of CCHF risk in humans, livestock and ticks across Uganda by synthesising epidemiological (cross-sectional) and ecological (modelling) studies. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study at three urban abattoirs receiving cattle from across Uganda. We sampled humans (n = 478), livestock (n = 419) and ticks (n = 1065) and used commercially-available kits to detect human and livestock CCHF virus (CCHFV) antibodies and antigen in tick pools. We developed boosted regression tree models to evaluate the correlates and geographical distribution of expected tick and wildlife hosts, and of human CCHF exposures, drawing on continent-wide data. FINDINGS The cross-sectional study found CCHFV IgG/IgM seroprevalence in humans of 10·3% (7·8-13·3), with antibody detection positively associated with reported history of tick bite (age-adjusted odds ratio = 2·09 (1·09-3·98)). Cattle had a seroprevalence of 69·7% (65·1-73·4). Only one Hyalomma tick (CCHFV-negative) was found. However, CCHFV antigen was detected in Rhipicephalus (5·9% of 304 pools) and Amblyomma (2·9% of 34 pools) species. Modelling predicted high human CCHF risk across much of Uganda, low environmental suitability for Hyalomma, and high suitability for Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma. INTERPRETATION Our epidemiological and ecological studies provide complementary evidence that CCHF exposure risk is widespread across Uganda. We challenge the idea that Hyalomma ticks are consistently the principal reservoir and vector for CCHFV, and postulate that Rhipicephalus might be important for CCHFV transmission in Uganda, due to high frequency of infected ticks and predicted environmental suitability. FUNDING UCL Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) and Pan-African Network on Emerging and Re-Emerging Infections (PANDORA-ID-NET) funded by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) under the EU Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaib A Lule
- Institute for Global Health (IGH), University College London, London, UK
| | - Rory Gibb
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dennison Kizito
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (DAERID), Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Gladys Nakanjako
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (DAERID), Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Joseph Mutyaba
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (DAERID), Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Stephen Balinandi
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (DAERID), Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Leah Owen
- Institute for Global Health (IGH), University College London, London, UK
| | - Kate E Jones
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ibrahim Abubakar
- Institute for Global Health (IGH), University College London, London, UK
| | - Julius J Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (DAERID), Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Nigel Field
- Institute for Global Health (IGH), University College London, London, UK.
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Perveen N, Khan G. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in the Arab world: A systematic review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:938601. [PMID: 36176697 PMCID: PMC9513365 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.938601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an important tick-borne viral infection with a fatality rate of up to 50% during outbreaks. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is sustained in the ecosystem in benign form through vertical and horizontal transmission cycles involving tick vectors, wildlife, and livestock. Hyalomma ticks are considered the major source of human infection. CCHF occurs most often among butchers, slaughterhouse workers, and farmworkers through infected tick bites or/and contact with blood and tissues of infected livestock. The nosocomial transmission can occur in auxiliary nurses and physicians through contact with the infected patients. The widespread distribution of CCHFV most probably occurred by ticks on migratory birds, or through international travel and trade of livestock and wildlife. During co-infections of ticks and vertebrates, reassortment among genome segments could play a significant role in generating diversity, and hence, a potential risk for the emergence of novel variants. In this systematic review, we aimed to determine the epidemiology, transmission, distribution, mortality, and clinical features of CCHF in 22 Arab countries, comprising the Arab world. Based on the analysis of 57 studies published from 1978 to 2021, we found 20 tick species that could be associated with CCHFV transmission. During the 43-year period, 321 cases of CCHF were reported from 9/22 Arab countries, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Sudan, Egypt, Tunisia, and Mauritania. The mean case fatality rate was 29% during various outbreaks. Individuals working in abattoirs/slaughter houses, livestock farms, and healthcare were most at risk. Contact with blood or body secretions from infected animals and patients was the most common mode of transmission. A number of different animals, including cattle, goats, sheep, and camels were reported to be seropositive for CCHFV. The highest seroprevalence was observed in camels (29%), followed by cattle (21%), goats (15%), and sheep (14%). We discuss these results in the context of policy-making and potential preventative measures that can be implemented to reduce the burden of CCHF in the Arab world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Perveen
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gulfaraz Khan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Gulfaraz Khan
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Nurettin C, Engin B, Sukru T, Munir A, Zati V, Aykut O. The Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Wild and Domestic Animals: An Epidemiological Update for Domestic Animals and First Seroevidence in Wild Animals from Turkiye. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090462. [PMID: 36136678 PMCID: PMC9501697 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick-borne and zoonotic emerging viral disease that is characterized by the sudden development of high fever and vascular bleeding in humans. The seroevidence among livestock has been reported, but it is less known in wild animals. Due to the importance and emerging state of the disease, we conducted a serosurvey on both domestic and wild animals in different areas of Turkiye. Serological investigations conducted on cattle, goats, and sheep revealed 10.81%, 15.15%, and 19.23% seropositivity, respectively, in the collected serum samples. We also found seropositivity rates in hare (23.81%) and wild boars (2.5%) indicating the substantial role of wild animals in virus epidemiology in Turkiye. This study provides first seroevidence of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in wild animals in Turkiye. Abstract Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a zoonotic, tick-borne pathogen that is endemic to some parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia. The disease causes fever and hemorrhagic manifestations in humans but not in animals. Domestic and wild animals are asymptomatic hosts of CCHFV and are critical in the transmission cycle. Hyalomma marginatum spp. has been identified as the natural reservoir and vector of the virus in Turkiye. A few studies have been conducted on domesticated animals showing the seroprevalence of CCHFV in them, but seroevidence in wild animals is absent. For contributing this antrum to the understanding of virus transmission in Turkiye, we performed a seroprevalence investigation of CCHFV in both wild and domesticated animals in various geographical areas of Turkiye. In-house IgG iELISA was performed for the screening of sera IgG in a total of 582 animal samples collected from boar (n = 40), cattle (n = 259), goat (n = 132), hare (n = 21), and sheep (n = 130). Results from ELISA performed on domestic animals revealed 10.81%, 15.15%, and 19.23% anti-CCHF virus seropositivity in cattle, goats, and sheep, respectively, in collected serum samples. ELISA tests performed in wild animals showed 23.81% and 2.5% positivity in hare and wild boars, respectively, suggesting the importance of wild animals in CCHF virus epidemiology in Turkiye. This study performed the first serological investigation of CCHFV in wild animals and provided the first seroevidence of CCHFV in wild boars and hare in Turkiye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canakoglu Nurettin
- Department of Virology, Milas Faculty of Veterinary Science, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla 48200, Türkiye
- Correspondence: (C.N.); (B.E.)
| | - Berber Engin
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Correspondence: (C.N.); (B.E.)
| | - Tonbak Sukru
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ 23119, Türkiye
| | - Aktas Munir
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ 23119, Türkiye
| | - Vatansever Zati
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars 36100, Türkiye
| | - Ozdarendeli Aykut
- Vaccine Research, Development, and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
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Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Limon G, Maze EA, Hannant K, Hughes E, Tchakarova SR, Alexandrov T, Mmbaga BT, Willett B, Booth G, Lyons NA, Baker N, Thomas KM, Wright D, Saunders J, Browning C, Wilsden G, Carroll M, Hewson R, Charleston B, Lambe T, Ludi AB. Development of anti-Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Gc and NP-specific ELISA for detection of antibodies in domestic animal sera. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:913046. [PMID: 36090164 PMCID: PMC9454098 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.913046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a priority emerging disease. CCHF, caused by the CCHF virus (CCHFV), can lead to hemorrhagic fever in humans with severe cases often having fatal outcomes. CCHFV is maintained within a tick-vertebrate-tick cycle, which includes domestic animals. Domestic animals infected with CCHFV do not show clinical signs of the disease and the presence of antibodies in the serum can provide evidence of their exposure to the virus. Current serological tests are specific to either one CCHFV antigen or the whole virus antigen. Here, we present the development of two in-house ELISAs for the detection of serum IgG that is specific for two different CCHFV antigens: glycoprotein Gc (CCHFV Gc) and nucleoprotein (CCHFV NP). We demonstrate that these two assays were able to detect anti-CCHFV Gc-specific and anti-CCHFV NP-specific IgG in sheep from endemic CCHFV areas with high specificity, providing new insight into the heterogeneity of the immune response induced by natural infection with CCHFV in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ellen Hughes
- Medical Research Council (MRC)-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CRV), Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Blandina T. Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute (KCRI), Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Brian Willett
- Medical Research Council (MRC)-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CRV), Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Natalie Baker
- Research and Evaluation, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly M. Thomas
- Research and Evaluation, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Wright
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Saunders
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Miles Carroll
- Pandemic Science Institute, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Hewson
- Research and Evaluation, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Teresa Lambe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Wang Q, Wang S, Shi Z, Li Z, Zhao Y, Feng N, Bi J, Jiao C, Li E, Wang T, Wang J, Jin H, Huang P, Yan F, Yang S, Xia X. GEM-PA-Based Subunit Vaccines of Crimean Congo Hemor-Rhagic Fever Induces Systemic Immune Responses in Mice. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081664. [PMID: 36016285 PMCID: PMC9416392 DOI: 10.3390/v14081664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne bunyavirus of the Narovirus genus, which is the causative agent of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). CCHF is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Asia, with a high case-fatality rate of up to 50% in humans. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or effective therapies available for CCHF. The GEM-PA is a safe, versatile and effective carrier system, which offers a cost-efficient, high-throughput platform for recovery and purification of subunit proteins for vaccines. In the present study, based on a GEM-PA surface display system, a GEM-PA based vaccine expressing three subunit vaccine candidates (G-GP, including G-eGN, G-eGC and G-NAb) of CCHFV was developed, displaying the ectodomains of the structural glycoproteins eGN, eGC and NAb, respectively. According to the immunological assays including indirect-ELISA, a micro-neutralization test of pseudo-virus and ELISpot, 5 μg GPBLP3 combined with Montanide ISA 201VG plus Poly (I:C) adjuvant (A-G-GP-5 μg) elicited GP-specific humoral and cellular immunity in BALB/c mice after three vaccinations via subcutaneous injection (s.c.). The consistent data between IgG subtype and cytokine detection, ELISpot and cytokine detection indicated balanced Th1 and Th2 responses, of which G-eGN vaccines could elicit a stronger T-cell response post-vaccination, respectively. Moreover, all three vaccine candidates elicited high TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokine levels in the supernatant of stimulated splenocytes in vitro. However, the neutralizing antibody (nAb) was only detected in A-G-eGC and A-G-eGC vaccination groups with the highest neutralizing titer of 128, suggesting that G-eGC could elicit a stronger humoral immune response. In conclusion, the GEM-PA surface display system could provide an efficient and convenient purification method for CCHFV subunit antigens, and the G-GP subunit vaccine candidates will be promising against CCHFV infections with excellent immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Zhikang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
- Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Zhengrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (C.J.); (H.J.); (P.H.)
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Jinhao Bi
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
- Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Cuicui Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (C.J.); (H.J.); (P.H.)
| | - Entao Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Hongli Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (C.J.); (H.J.); (P.H.)
| | - Pei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (C.J.); (H.J.); (P.H.)
| | - Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (S.Y.); (X.X.)
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (S.Y.); (X.X.)
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (Z.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (N.F.); (J.B.); (E.L.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (S.Y.); (X.X.)
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Mesquita JR, Cruz R, Esteves F, Santos C, Pousa H, Coelho C, Mega AC, Nóbrega C, Vala H, Peyrefitte CN, Nascimento MSJ, Barradas PF. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus circulating among sheep of Portugal: a nationwide serosurvey assessment. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:237. [PMID: 35864408 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a widespread zoonotic pathogen that can cause mild to severe hemorrhagic disease in humans. CCHFV may be transmitted through direct contact with tissue or blood of viremic animals; however, the primary transmission route is through infected tick bites. CCHFV RNA has been detected in ticks feeding on domestic and wild animals in western Spain, suggesting an established circulation of CCHFV in Western Europe. Ruminants have been recognized as important CCHFV reservoirs and have been linked to human cases in endemic regions. Given the emergence of CCHF in neighboring Spain, and a report of two CCHFV seropositive humans in southern Portugal in 1985, we investigated the potential circulation of this virus in the country by performing a nationwide anti-CCHFV IgG serosurvey in sentinel sheep of Portugal. Sera (n = 459) randomly selected from widely distributed farms (n = 20) of Portugal were tested using a commercial double-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, yielding an overall seroprevalence of 0.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-1.56%). Positive sheep were from the southern region of Portugal (Alentejo region), which raise the seroprevalence of this region to 0.74% (95% CI 0.09-2.66%). This is the first study reporting the presence of CCHFV antibodies in sheep of Portugal, thus suggesting a geographical expansion of CCHFV to this country. It seems likely that CCHFV may exist focally in southern Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R Mesquita
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Cruz
- Agrarian School of Viseu, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (ESAV), , Viseu, Portugal.,Centre for Studies in Education and Health Technologies (CI&DETS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Fernando Esteves
- Agrarian School of Viseu, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (ESAV), , Viseu, Portugal.,Centre for Studies in Education and Health Technologies (CI&DETS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Carla Santos
- Agrarian School of Viseu, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (ESAV), , Viseu, Portugal.,Centre for Studies in Education and Health Technologies (CI&DETS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Humberto Pousa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Coelho
- Agrarian School of Viseu, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (ESAV), , Viseu, Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Mega
- Agrarian School of Viseu, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (ESAV), , Viseu, Portugal
| | - Carmen Nóbrega
- Agrarian School of Viseu, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (ESAV), , Viseu, Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Helena Vala
- Agrarian School of Viseu, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (ESAV), , Viseu, Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Christophe Nicolas Peyrefitte
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale Des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.,Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.,Unité Des Virus ÉmergentsUniversité Aix Marseille, IRD190, INSERM1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Patrícia Ferreira Barradas
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal. .,OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal.
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Bernard C, Holzmuller P, Bah MT, Bastien M, Combes B, Jori F, Grosbois V, Vial L. Systematic Review on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Enzootic Cycle and Factors Favoring Virus Transmission: Special Focus on France, an Apparently Free-Disease Area in Europe. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:932304. [PMID: 35928117 PMCID: PMC9343853 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.932304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral zoonotic disease resulting in hemorrhagic syndrome in humans. Its causative agent is naturally transmitted by ticks to non-human vertebrate hosts within an enzootic sylvatic cycle. Ticks are considered biological vectors, as well as reservoirs for CCHF virus (CCHFV), as they are able to maintain the virus for several months or even years and to transmit CCHFV to other ticks. Although animals are not symptomatic, some of them can sufficiently replicate the virus, becoming a source of infection for ticks as well as humans through direct contact with contaminated body fluids. The recent emergence of CCHF in Spain indicates that tick-human interaction rates promoting virus transmission are changing and lead to the emergence of CCHF. In other European countries such as France, the presence of one of its main tick vectors and the detection of antibodies targeting CCHFV in animals, at least in Corsica and in the absence of human cases, suggest that CCHFV could be spreading silently. In this review, we study the CCHFV epidemiological cycle as hypothesized in the French local context and select the most likely parameters that may influence virus transmission among tick vectors and non-human vertebrate hosts. For this, a total of 1,035 articles dating from 1957 to 2021 were selected for data extraction. This study made it possible to identify the tick species that seem to be the best candidate vectors of CCHFV in France, but also to highlight the importance of the abundance and composition of local host communities on vectors' infection prevalence. Regarding the presumed transmission cycle involving Hyalomma marginatum, as it might exist in France, at least in Corsica, it is assumed that tick vectors are still weakly infected and the probability of disease emergence in humans remains low. The likelihood of factors that may modify this equilibrium is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Bernard
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- French Establishment for Fighting Zoonoses (ELIZ), Malzéville, France
| | - Philippe Holzmuller
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Madiou Thierno Bah
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Bastien
- French Establishment for Fighting Zoonoses (ELIZ), Malzéville, France
| | - Benoit Combes
- French Establishment for Fighting Zoonoses (ELIZ), Malzéville, France
| | - Ferran Jori
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Vladimir Grosbois
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Vial
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
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48
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Goletic T, Satrovic L, Softic A, Omeragic J, Goletic S, Soldo DK, Spahic AK, Zuko A, Satrovic E, Alic A. Serologic and molecular evidence for circulation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks and cattle in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:102004. [PMID: 35834930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus is a tick-borne zoonotic agent of the genus Orthonairovirus, and the causal agent of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in humans. The study is aimed at investigating the presence of CCHFV RNA in ticks and cattle in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), as well as the exposure of cattle to CCHFV in this country. Only one pool of three male Hyalomma marginatum ticks tested positive for viral RNA (3/760, 0.39%). No viral RNA was detected in 206 bovine blood samples using real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR). The overall seroprevalence of CCHFV in the cattle population was estimated as 14.97% (72/481). The results indicate the presence and the established circulation of CCHFV in B&H. Considering the endemic character of CCHFV in the Balkans as well as our results, the possibility that CCHFV is endemic in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina is considered to be very high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teufik Goletic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Lejla Satrovic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Adis Softic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jasmin Omeragic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sejla Goletic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Darinka Klaric Soldo
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amira Koro Spahic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Almedina Zuko
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Edin Satrovic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amer Alic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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49
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Lysholm S, Lindahl JF, Dautu G, Johansson E, Bergkvist PK, Munyeme M, Wensman JJ. Seroepidemiology of selected transboundary animal diseases in goats in Zambia. Prev Vet Med 2022; 206:105708. [PMID: 35835047 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transboundary pathogens of goats present significant constraints to the livelihoods of millions of farmers in countries such as Zambia. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp), foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), Brucella spp., Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in Zambian goats. Another aim was to identify associations between seroprevalence and different predictor variables, such as trade and border proximity. From September to October 2019, 962 serum samples were collected from goats in seven Zambian districts, four of which have an international border while the remaining three do not. A questionnaire survey was conducted with each household, focusing on trade routines, management strategies and herd disease history. Animal-level seroprevalence adjusted for herd-level clustering was 8.2 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 7.5-9.0) for Mccp, 12.9% (95% CI 12.0-13.7) for FMDV, 13.0 % (95% CI 12.1-13.9) for Brucella spp., 3.3 % (95% CI 2.8-3.7) for CCHFV, and 0.4 % (95 % CI 0.3-0.7) for RVFV. The association between herd-level seroprevalence and border proximity and trade appeared negligible, with the exception of selling goats at least twice a year which was identified as a potential risk factor for Brucella spp. (OR 4.1, 95 % CI 1.1-16.0, p = 0.040). In addition, a positive association between herd-level seroprevalence of FMDV and a herd size of 21 goats or more (OR 3.3, 95 % CI 1.0-11.1, p = 0.049) was detected. Also, positive associations between animal-level seroprevalence of Brucella spp. and increasing age (OR 7.7, 95 % CI 1.5-40.7, p = 0.016), and CCHFV and keeping pigs in the household (OR 2.7, 95 % CI 1.0-7.1, p = 0.044), were found. For FMDV (OR 3.8, 95 % CI 1.4-10.9, p = 0.011) and Brucella spp. (OR 4.5, 95 % CI 1.2-17.3, p = 0.031) on the other hand, animal-level seroprevalence was significantly higher in households without pigs. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to describe the presence of antibodies for CCPP and CCHF in the Zambian goat population. While the association between seroprevalence and trade and border proximity generally appeared negligible, it is recommended that their influence is further evaluated in future studies, preferably through in-depth longitudinal studies incorporating impacts of different biosecurity measures and trade variations, linked to for example seasonality and trade peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lysholm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Johanna F Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Dautu
- Department of Veterinary Services Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Central Veterinary Research Institute, Zambia
| | - Elin Johansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Musso Munyeme
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals (ACEIDHA), Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Jonas Johansson Wensman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
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50
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Bratuleanu B, Anita A, Temmam S, Dascalu A, Crivei L, Cozma A, Pourquier P, Savuta G, Eloit M, Anita D. Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Among Small Ruminants from Southern Romania. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2022; 22:397-401. [PMID: 35772004 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2021.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease that can be contracted by direct contact with viremic animals or humans. Domestic animals are accidental hosts and contribute to the spread and amplification of the virus. The main objective of this study was to provide updated information related to CCHF virus (CCHFV) infection in Southern Romania by assessing the seroprevalence of CCHF in small ruminants (sheep and goats) using a double-antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by detection of CCHFV in engorged ticks and serum samples using real-time RT-PCR. The overall seroprevalence of CCHF in small ruminants was 37.7% (95% CI 31.7 to 43.7). No statistical seroprevalence difference was observed between the two species of ruminants (p = 0.76), but a significant difference was established between the locations (p < 0.01). No CCHFV RNA was detected in tick pools and small ruminant's sera tested by real-time RT-PCR, although the high seroprevalence to CCHFV among ruminants indicates that CCHV or a closely related virus circulates in Southern Romania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bratuleanu
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety (ROVETEMERG), "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Anita
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety (ROVETEMERG), "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, Iasi, Romania
| | - Sarah Temmam
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,OIE Collaborating Centre for Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anca Dascalu
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety (ROVETEMERG), "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, Iasi, Romania
| | - Luciana Crivei
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety (ROVETEMERG), "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Cozma
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety (ROVETEMERG), "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Gheorghe Savuta
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety (ROVETEMERG), "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, Iasi, Romania
| | - Marc Eloit
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,OIE Collaborating Centre for Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France.,Alfort National Veterinary School, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Dragos Anita
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety (ROVETEMERG), "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, Iasi, Romania
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