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A Elmihi K, Leonard KA, Nelson R, Thiesen A, Clugston RD, Jacobs RL. The emerging role of ethanolamine phosphate phospholyase in regulating hepatic phosphatidylethanolamine and plasma lipoprotein metabolism in mice. FASEB J 2024; 38:e70063. [PMID: 39312446 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202401321r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Ethanolamine phosphate phospholyase (ETNPPL) is an enzyme that irreversibly degrades phospho-ethanolamine (p-ETN), an intermediate in the Kennedy pathway of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis. PE is the second most abundant phospholipid in mammalian membranes. Disturbance of hepatic phospholipid homeostasis has been linked to the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We generated whole-body Etnppl knockout mice to investigate the impact of genetic deletion of Etnppl on hepatic lipid metabolism. Primary hepatocytes isolated from Etnppl-/- mice showed increased conversion of [3H]ethanolamine to [3H]p-ETN and [3H]PE compared to Etnppl+/+ mice. Male and female Etnppl+/+ and Etnppl-/- mice were fed either a chow or a western-type diet (WTD). Irrespective of diet, Etnppl-/- mice had elevated fasting levels of total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and apolipoprotein B100 (VLDL particles). Interestingly, hepatic TG secretion was unchanged between groups. Although hepatic lipids (phosphatidylcholine (PC), PE, TG, and cholesterol) were not different between mice, RNA sequencing analysis showed downregulation in genes related to cholesterol biosynthesis in Etnppl-/- mice. Furthermore, hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein1 (LRP1) protein level was lower in female Etnppl-/- mice, which may indicate reduced uptake of remnant VLDL particles from circulation. Hepatic PE levels were only increased in WTD-fed female Etnppl-/- mice, not chow diet-fed mice. However, hepatic lipid accumulation and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) development were unchanged between Etnppl+/+ and Etnppl-/- mice. To conclude, ETNPPL has a role in regulating plasma lipoprotein metabolism independent of hepatic TG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud A Elmihi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kelly-Ann Leonard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Randy Nelson
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aducio Thiesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robin D Clugston
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - René L Jacobs
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Kineman RD, Del Rio-Moreno M, Waxman DJ. Liver-specific actions of GH and IGF1 that protect against MASLD. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-01037-0. [PMID: 39322791 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD; also known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) is a chronic condition associated with metabolic syndrome, a group of conditions that includes obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia and cardiovascular disease. Primary growth hormone (GH) deficiency is associated with MASLD, and the decline in circulating levels of GH with weight gain might contribute to the development of MASLD. Raising endogenous GH secretion or administering GH replacement therapy in the context of MASLD enhances insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) production and reduces steatosis and the severity of liver injury. GH and IGF1 indirectly control MASLD progression by regulating systemic metabolic function. Evidence supports the proposal that GH and IGF1 also have a direct role in regulating liver metabolism and health. This Review focuses on how GH acts on the hepatocyte in a sex-dependent manner to limit lipid accumulation, reduce stress, and promote survival and regeneration. In addition, we discuss how GH and IGF1 might regulate non-parenchymal cells of the liver to control inflammation and fibrosis, which have a major effect on hepatocyte survival and regeneration. Development of a better understanding of how GH and IGF1 coordinate the functions of specific, individual liver cell types might provide insight into the aetiology of MASLD initiation and progression and suggest novel approaches for the treatment of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda D Kineman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Research and Development Division, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Mercedes Del Rio-Moreno
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Research and Development Division, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David J Waxman
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang Q, Gao S, Chen B, Zhao J, Li W, Wu L. Evaluating the Effects of Perinatal Exposures to BPSIP on Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism in Female and Male Offspring ICR Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:97011. [PMID: 39298647 DOI: 10.1289/ehp14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A broad suite of bisphenol S (BPS) derivatives as alternatives for BPS have been identified in various human biological samples, including 4-hydroxyphenyl 4-isopropoxyphenylsulfone (BPSIP) detected in human umbilical cord plasma and breast milk. However, very little is known about the health outcomes of prenatal BPS derivative exposure to offspring. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to investigate the response of hepatic cholesterol metabolism by sex in offspring of dams exposed to BPSIP. METHODS Pregnant ICR mice were exposed to 5 μ g / kg body weight (BW)/day of BPSIP, BPS, or E2 through drinking water from gestational day one until the pups were weaned. The concentration of BPSIP, BPS, or E2 in the plasma and liver of pups was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Metabolic phenotypes were recorded, and histopathology was examined for liver impairment. Transcriptome analysis was employed to characterize the distribution and expression patterns of differentially expressed genes across sexes. The metabolic regulation was validated by quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting. The role of estrogen receptors (ERs) in mediating sex-dependent effects was investigated using animal models and liver organoids. RESULTS Pups of dams exposed to BPSIP showed a higher serum cholesterol level, and liver cholesterol levels were higher in females and lower in males than in the controls. BPSIP concentration in the male liver was 1.22 ± 0.25 ng / g and 0.69 ± 0.27 ng / g in the female liver. Histopathology analysis showed steatosis and lipid deposition in both male and female offspring. Transcriptome and gene expression analyses identified sex-specific differences in cholesterol biosynthesis, absorption, disposal, and efflux between pups of dams exposed to BPSIP and those in controls. In vivo, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that the binding of ER α protein to key genes such as Hmgcr, Pcsk9, and Abcg5 was attenuated in BPSIP-exposed females compared to controls, while it was enhanced in males. In vitro, the liver organoid experiments demonstrated that restoration of differential expression induced by BPSIP in key genes, such as Hmgcr, Ldlr, and Cyp7a1, to levels comparable to the controls was only achieved when treated with a combination of ER α agonist and ER β agonist. DISCUSSION Findings from this study suggest that perinatal exposure to BPSIP disrupted cholesterol metabolism in a sex-specific manner in a mouse model, in which ER α played a crucial role both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, it is crucial to systematically evaluate BPS derivatives to protect maternal health during pregnancy and prevent the transmission of metabolic disorders across generations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14643.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Shulin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Baoqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Jiadi Zhao
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Wenyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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Seidemann L, Lippold CP, Rohm CM, Eckel JC, Schicht G, Matz-Soja M, Berg T, Seehofer D, Damm G. Sex hormones differently regulate lipid metabolism genes in primary human hepatocytes. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:135. [PMID: 39090659 PMCID: PMC11292922 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is higher in men than in women. Hormonal and genetic causes may account for the sex differences in MASLD. Current human in vitro liver models do not sufficiently take the influence of biological sex and sex hormones into consideration. METHODS Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) were isolated from liver specimen of female and male donors and cultured with sex hormones (17β-estradiol, testosterone and progesterone) for up to 72 h. mRNA expression levels of 8 hepatic lipid metabolism genes were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Sex hormones and their metabolites were determined in cell culture supernatants by LC-MS analyses. RESULTS A sex-specific expression was observed for LDLR (low density lipoprotein receptor) with higher mRNA levels in male than female PHHs. All three sex hormones were metabolized by PHHs and the effects of hormones on gene expression levels varied depending on hepatocyte sex. Only in female PHHs, 17β-estradiol treatment affected expression levels of PPARA (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha), LIPC (hepatic lipase) and APOL2 (apolipoprotein L2). Further changes in mRNA levels of female PHHs were observed for ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 1) after testosterone and for ABCA1, APOA5 (apolipoprotein A-V) and PPARA after progesterone treatment. Only the male PHHs showed changing mRNA levels for LDLR after 17β-estradiol and for APOA5 after testosterone treatment. CONCLUSIONS Male and female PHHs showed differences in their expression levels of hepatic lipid metabolism genes and their responsiveness towards sex hormones. Thus, cellular sex should be considered, especially when investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Seidemann
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, Clinic for Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Clara Paula Lippold
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, Clinic for Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carolin Marie Rohm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, Clinic for Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julian Connor Eckel
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, Clinic for Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerda Schicht
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, Clinic for Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Berg
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, Clinic for Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, Clinic for Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Xiao Y, Hu J, Chen R, Xu Y, Pan B, Gao Y, Deng Y, Li W, Kan H, Chen S. Impact of fine particulate matter on liver injury: evidence from human, mice and cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133958. [PMID: 38479138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recently discovered risk factor for chronic liver disease is ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Our research aims to elucidate the effects of PM2.5 on liver injury and the potential molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS A population-based longitudinal study involving 102,918 participants from 15 Chinese cities, using linear mixed-effect models, found that abnormal alterations in liver function were significantly associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, direct bilirubin, and triglyceride increased by 2.05%, 2.04%, 0.58%, 2.99%, and 1.46% with each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5. In contrast, the serum levels of total protein, albumin, and prealbumin decreased by 0.27%, 0.48%, and 2.42%, respectively. Mice underwent chronic inhalation exposure to PM2.5 experienced hepatic inflammation, steatosis and fibrosis. In vitro experiments found that hepatocytes experienced an inflammatory response and lipid metabolic dysregulation due to PM2.5, which also activated hepatic stellate cells. The down-regulation and mis-localization of polarity protein Par3 mediated PM2.5-induced liver injury. CONCLUSIONS PM2.5 exposure induced liver injury, mainly characterized by steatosis and fibrosis. The down-regulation and mis-localization of Par3 were important mechanisms of liver injury induced by PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Xiao
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jialu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Pan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya Gao
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiran Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenshu Li
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Center for Children's Health, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
| | - She Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Ivanescu AC, Dan GA. Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Management: A Call for Better Acknowledgment-Part 1 Pharmacological Differences in Women and Men; How Relevant Are They? Am J Ther 2024; 31:e237-e245. [PMID: 38691663 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences (SDs) in pharmacology of cardiovascular (CV) drugs have been described previously; however, paradoxically, there are scarce recommendations in therapy based on these differences. It is of utmost importance to identify whether these SDs determine a modified clinical response and the potential practical implications for this, to provide a base for personalized medicine. AREA OF UNCERTAINTY The aim of this article was to outline the most important pharmacological drivers of cardiovascular drugs that differ between women and men, along with their implications and challenges in clinical practice. DATA SOURCES A detailed assessment of English-written resources reflecting SDs impact in CV drug pharmacology was performed using PubMed and Embase databases. RESULTS Despite large variations in CV drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in individuals, correcting for height, weight, surface area, and body composition compensate for most "sex-dependent" differences. In addition, individual, cultural, and social factors significantly impact disease management in women versus men. Gender-biased prescribing patterns and gender-dependent adherence to therapy also influence outcomes. The development of sex-specific guidelines requires that they should reflect the SDs implications for the management of a disease and that the evidence should be carefully evaluated as to whether there is an adequate representation of both sexes and whether sex-disaggregated data are reported. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological drivers are under the influence of an impressive number of differences between women and men. However, to establish their significance in clinical practice, an adequate representation of women in studies and the reporting of distinct results is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Cristina Ivanescu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania; and
- Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe-Andrei Dan
- Carol Davila University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania; and
- Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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Toews JNC, Philippe TJ, Dordevic M, Hill LA, Hammond GL, Viau V. Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin (SERPINA6) Consolidates Sexual Dimorphism of Adult Rat Liver. Endocrinology 2023; 165:bqad179. [PMID: 38015819 PMCID: PMC10699879 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Produced by the liver, corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) regulates the plasma distribution and actions of glucocorticoids. A sex difference in pituitary growth hormone secretion patterns established during puberty in rats results in increased hepatic CBG production and 2-fold higher plasma corticosterone levels in females. Glucocorticoids control hepatic development and metabolic activities, and we have therefore examined how disrupting the SerpinA6 gene encoding CBG influences plasma corticosterone dynamics, as well as liver gene expression in male and female rats before and after puberty. Comparisons of corticosterone plasma clearance and hepatic uptake in adult rats, with or without CBG, indicated that CBG limits corticosterone clearance by reducing its hepatic uptake. Hepatic transcriptomic profiling revealed minor sex differences (207 differentially expressed genes) and minimal effect of CBG deficiency in 30-day-old rats before puberty. While liver transcriptomes in 60-day-old males lacking CBG remained essentially unchanged, 2710 genes were differentially expressed in wild-type female vs male livers at this age. Importantly, ∼10% of these genes lost their sexually dimorphic expression in adult females lacking CBG, including those related to cholesterol biosynthesis, inflammation, and lipid and amino acid catabolism. Another 203 genes were altered by the loss of CBG specifically in adult females, including those related to xenobiotic metabolism, circadian rhythm, and gluconeogenesis. Our findings reveal that CBG consolidates the sexual dimorphism of the rat liver initiated by sex differences in growth hormone secretion patterns and provide insight into how CBG deficiencies are linked to glucocorticoid-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N C Toews
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tristan J Philippe
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Matthew Dordevic
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lesley A Hill
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Geoffrey L Hammond
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Victor Viau
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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He R, Dai Z, Finel M, Zhang F, Tu D, Yang L, Ge G. Fluorescence-Based High-Throughput Assays for Investigating Cytochrome P450 Enzyme-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1254-1272. [PMID: 37349113 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), a group of heme-containing enzymes, catalyze oxidative metabolism of a wide range of drugs and xenobiotics, as well as different endogenous molecules. Strong inhibition of human CYPs is the most common cause of clinically associated pharmacokinetic drug-drug/herb-drug interactions (DDIs/HDIs), which may result in serious adverse drug reactions, even toxicity. Accurate and rapid assessing of the inhibition potentials on CYP activities for therapeutic agents is crucial for the prediction of clinically relevant DDIs/HDIs. Over the past few decades, significant efforts have been invested into developing optical substrates for the human CYPs, generating a variety of powerful tools for high-throughput assays to detect CYP activities in biologic specimens and for screening of CYP inhibitors. This minireview focuses on recent advances in optical substrates developments for human CYPs, as well as their applications in screening CYP inhibitors and DDIs/HDIs studies. The examples for rational design and optimization of highly specific optical substrates for the target CYP enzyme, as well as applications in investigating CYP-mediated DDIs, are illustrated. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in this field are proposed. Collectively, this review summarizes the reported optical-based biochemical assays for highly efficient CYP activities detection, which strongly facilitated the discovery of CYP inhibitors and the investigations on CYP-mediated DDIs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Optical substrates for cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) have emerged as powerful tools for the construction of high-throughput assays for screening of CYP inhibitors. This mini-review covers the advances and challenges in the development of highly specific optical substrates for sensing human CYP isoenzymes, as well as their applications in constructing fluorescence-based high-throughput assays for investigating CYP-mediated drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjing He
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (R.H., F.Z., D.T., L.Y., G.G.); Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Z.D.); and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Ziru Dai
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (R.H., F.Z., D.T., L.Y., G.G.); Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Z.D.); and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Moshe Finel
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (R.H., F.Z., D.T., L.Y., G.G.); Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Z.D.); and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (R.H., F.Z., D.T., L.Y., G.G.); Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Z.D.); and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Dongzhu Tu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (R.H., F.Z., D.T., L.Y., G.G.); Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Z.D.); and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Ling Yang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (R.H., F.Z., D.T., L.Y., G.G.); Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Z.D.); and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (R.H., F.Z., D.T., L.Y., G.G.); Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Z.D.); and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.F.)
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Xue Y, Gong Y, Li X, Peng F, Ding G, Zhang Z, Shi J, Savul IS, Xu Y, Chen Q, Han L, Mao S, Sun Z. Sex differences in paternal arsenic-induced intergenerational metabolic effects are mediated by estrogen. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:165. [PMID: 37691128 PMCID: PMC10493026 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene-environment interactions contribute to metabolic disorders such as diabetes and dyslipidemia. In addition to affecting metabolic homeostasis directly, drugs and environmental chemicals can cause persistent alterations in metabolic portfolios across generations in a sex-specific manner. Here, we use inorganic arsenic (iAs) as a prototype drug and chemical to dissect such sex differences. METHODS After weaning, C57BL/6 WT male mice were treated with 250 ppb iAs in drinking water (iAsF0) or normal water (conF0) for 6 weeks and then bred with 15-week-old, non-exposed females for 3 days in cages with only normal water (without iAs), to generate iAsF1 or conF1 mice, respectively. F0 females and all F1 mice drank normal water without iAs all the time. RESULTS We find that exposure of male mice to 250 ppb iAs leads to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in F1 female offspring (iAsF1-F), with almost no change in blood lipid profiles. In contrast, F1 males (iAsF1-M) show lower liver and blood triglyceride levels than non-exposed control, with improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The liver of F1 offspring shows sex-specific transcriptomic changes, with hepatocyte-autonomous alternations of metabolic fluxes in line with the sex-specific phenotypes. The iAsF1-F mice show altered levels of circulating estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone. Ovariectomy or liver-specific knockout of estrogen receptor α/β made F1 females resemble F1 males in their metabolic responses to paternal iAs exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that disrupted reproductive hormone secretion in alliance with hepatic estrogen signaling accounts for the sex-specific intergenerational effects of paternal iAs exposure, which shed light on the sex disparities in long-term gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Center for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yingyun Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fei Peng
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guolian Ding
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junchao Shi
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Human Genetics, and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ilma Saleh Savul
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Human Genetics, and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shengyong Mao
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Center for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zheng Sun
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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10
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Harney DJ, Cielesh M, Roberts GE, Vila IK, Viengkhou B, Hofer MJ, Laguette N, Larance M. Dietary restriction induces a sexually dimorphic type I interferon response in mice with gene-environment interactions. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112559. [PMID: 37243595 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is an established intervention to treat the growing obesity epidemic. However, the interaction between dietary interventions and sex remains a significant knowledge gap. In this study, we use unbiased proteome analysis to identify diet-sex interactions. We report sexual dimorphism in response to intermittent fasting within lipid and cholesterol metabolism and, unexpectedly, in type I interferon signaling, which was strongly induced in females. We verify that secretion of type I interferon is required for the IF response in females. Gonadectomy differentially alters the every-other-day fasting (EODF) response and demonstrates that sex hormone signaling can either suppress or enhance the interferon response to IF. IF fails to potentiate a stronger innate immune response when IF-treated animals were challenged with a viral mimetic. Lastly, the IF response changes with genotype and environment. These data reveal an interesting interaction between diet, sex, and the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Harney
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Cielesh
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Georgia E Roberts
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | | | - Barney Viengkhou
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Markus J Hofer
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | | | - Mark Larance
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia.
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11
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Komiya Y, Sugiyama M, Koyama C, Kameshima S, Ochiai M, Adachi Y, Yokoyama I, Fukasawa H, Yoshioka K, Arihara K. Dietary olive oil intake induces female-specific hepatic lipid accumulation without metabolic impairment in mice. Nutr Res 2023; 112:11-19. [PMID: 36934523 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil is one of the most widely researched Mediterranean diet components in both experimental models and clinical studies. However, the relationship between dietary olive oil intake and liver function in a healthy state of the body remains unclear. Because men are at a greater risk of developing hepatic diseases than women, and because hepatic metabolism is regulated by sex hormones, we hypothesized that olive oil-induced changes in hepatic metabolism would differ by sex. To test our hypothesis, 12-week-old C57BL/6JJcl male and female mice were fed an olive oil diet for 4 weeks. Blood was collected and serum biochemical components were analyzed. Hepatic lipid accumulation was determined via histological analysis using Sudan III staining. Finally, transcript expression levels of hepatic metabolism-related genes were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We observed significant increased hepatic lipid droplet accumulation in olive oil-fed female mice. Serum biochemical and liver messenger RNA expression analyses revealed that the hepatic lipid accumulation was nonpathological and did not involve inflammation. Moreover, the expression of genes related to triacylglycerol and fatty acid synthesis (Dgat1, Dgat2, Agpat3, and Fasn) was significantly upregulated in the liver of olive oil-fed female mice compared with control female mice. Our study demonstrates female-specific hepatic lipid accumulation without liver impairment in a dietary olive oil-fed mouse model. These findings provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of sex-dependent hepatic lipid metabolism of dietary oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Komiya
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Chika Koyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kameshima
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Masaru Ochiai
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yuto Adachi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Issei Yokoyama
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Hanae Fukasawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshioka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Keizo Arihara
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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12
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Deciphering genetic causes for sex differences in human health through drug metabolism and transporter genes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:175. [PMID: 36635277 PMCID: PMC9837057 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences have been widely observed in human health. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism behind these observed sex differences. We hypothesize that sex-differentiated genetic effects are contributors of these phenotypic differences. Focusing on a collection of drug metabolism enzymes and transporters (DMET) genes, we discover sex-differentiated genetic regulatory mechanisms between these genes and human complex traits. Here, we show that sex-differentiated genetic effects were present at genome-level and at DMET gene regions for many human complex traits. These sex-differentiated regulatory mechanisms are reflected in the levels of gene expression and endogenous serum biomarkers. Through Mendelian Randomization analysis, we identify putative sex-differentiated causal effects in each sex separately. Furthermore, we identify and validate sex differential gene expression of a subset of DMET genes in human liver samples. We observe higher protein abundance and enzyme activity of CYP1A2 in male-derived liver microsomes, which leads to higher level of an active metabolite formation of clozapine, a commonly prescribed antipsychotic drug. Taken together, our results demonstrate the presence of sex-differentiated genetic effects on DMET gene regulation, which manifest in various phenotypic traits including disease risks and drug responses.
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13
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León-Reyes G, Argoty-Pantoja AD, Rivera-Paredez B, Hidalgo-Bravo A, Flores YN, Salmerón J, Velázquez-Cruz R. Interaction between SIDT2 and ABCA1 Variants with Nutrients on HDL-c Levels in Mexican Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:370. [PMID: 36678241 PMCID: PMC9861312 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that the SIDT2 and ABCA1 genes are involved in lipid metabolism. We aimed to analyze the association-the gene x gene interaction between rs17120425 and rs1784042 on SIDT2 and rs9282541 on ABCA1 and their diet interaction on the HDL-c serum levels-in a cohort of 1982 Mexican adults from the Health Workers Cohort Study. Demographic and clinical data were collected through a structured questionnaire and standardized procedures. Genotyping was performed using a predesigned TaqMan assay. The associations and interactions of interest were estimated using linear and logistic regression. Carriers of the rs17120425-A and rs1784042-A alleles had slightly higher blood HDL-c levels compared to the non-carriers. In contrast, rs9282541-A was associated with low blood HDL-c levels (OR = 1.34, p = 0.013). The rs1784042 x rs9282541 interaction was associated with high blood HDL-c levels (p = 3.4 × 10-4). Premenopausal women who carried at least one rs17120425-A allele and consumed high dietary fat, protein, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids levels had higher HDL-c levels than the non-carriers. These results support the association between the genetic variants on SIDT2 and ABCA1 with HDL-c levels and suggest gene-gene and gene-diet interactions over HDL-c concentrations in Mexican adults. Our findings could be a platform for developing clinical and dietary strategies for improving the health of the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe León-Reyes
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Anna D. Argoty-Pantoja
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo
- Department of Genetics, National Institute of Rehabilitation (INR), Mexico City 014389, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Yvonne N. Flores
- Epidemiological and Health Services Research Unit, Morelos, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Cuernavaca 62000, Morelos, Mexico
- Department of Health Policy and Management and Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Morelos, Mexico
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14
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Tsirka A. Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Health: Hormonal Effects on Cardiovascular Risk and Management. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 282:201-218. [PMID: 37468722 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death worldwide both in men and women. Significant differences however exist in the age of onset, type of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and treatment response among the genders. These differences are due to both gender societal effects and biological differences from the influence of the hormonal and metabolic milieu in the two sexes.Estrogens are the main female hormone. They impact signaling in almost every body organ and thus affect cardiovascular risk factors. These result in differential expression of CVD. The differential effect of treatment modalities is only recently being evaluated.Research is ongoing regarding the pathophysiology of these differences. Our current level of knowledge is described in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tsirka
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
- St Christopher's Children's Hospital, Drexel University Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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15
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Edwards M, Lam S, Ranjan R, Pereira M, Babbitt C, Lacreuse A. Letrozole treatment alters hippocampal gene expression in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Horm Behav 2023; 147:105281. [PMID: 36434852 PMCID: PMC9839488 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are a class of drugs commonly given to patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent breast cancers to reduce estrogenic stimulation. However, AIs like Letrozole are associated with negative side effects such as cognitive deficits, sleep disturbances and hot flashes. We have previously shown that these negative effects can be recapitulated in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) treated with Letrozole (20 μg daily) for 4 weeks and that marmosets treated with Letrozole show increased levels of estradiol in the hippocampus (Gervais et al., 2019). In order to better understand the mechanisms through which AIs affect cognitive function and increase steroid levels in the hippocampus, we used bulk, paired-end RNA-sequencing to examine differentially expressed genes among Letrozole-treated (LET; n = 8) and vehicle-treated (VEH; n = 8) male and female animals. Gene ontology results show significant reduction across hundreds of categories, some of the most significant being inflammatory response, stress response, MHC Class II protein complex binding, T-cell activation, carbohydrate binding and signaling receptor binding in LET animals. GSEA results indicate that LET females, but not LET males, show enrichment for hormonal gene sets. Based on the transcriptional changes observed, we conclude that AIs may differentially affect the sexes in part due to processes mediated by the CYP-450 superfamily. Ongoing studies will further investigate the longitudinal effects of AIs on behavior and whether AIs increase the risk of stress-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélise Edwards
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Sam Lam
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Genomics Resource Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Mariana Pereira
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Courtney Babbitt
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Biology, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Agnès Lacreuse
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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16
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Gerges SH, El-Kadi AOS. Sexual Dimorphism in the Expression of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Rat Heart, Liver, Kidney, Lung, Brain, and Small Intestine. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:81-94. [PMID: 36116791 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are monooxygenases that are expressed hepatically and extrahepatically and play an essential role in xenobiotic metabolism. Substantial scientific evidence indicates sex-specific differences between males and females in disease patterns and drug responses, which could be attributed, even partly, to differences in the expression and/or activity levels of P450 enzymes in different organs. In this study, we compared the mRNA and protein expression of P450 enzymes in different organs of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot techniques. We found significant sex- and organ-specific differences in several enzymes. Hepatic Cyp2c11, Cyp2c13, and Cyp4a2 showed male-specific expression, whereas Cyp2c12 showed female-specific expression. Cyp2e1 and Cyp4f enzymes demonstrated higher expression in the female heart and kidneys compared with males; however, they showed no significant sexual dimorphism in the liver. Male rats showed higher hepatic and renal Cyp1b1 levels. All assessed enzymes were found in the liver, but some were not expressed in other organs. At the protein expression level, CYP1A2, CYP3A, and CYP4A1 demonstrated higher expression levels in the females in several organs, including the liver. Elucidating sex-specific differences in P450 enzyme levels could help better understand differences in disease pathogeneses and drug responses between males and females and thus improve treatment strategies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study characterized the differences in the mRNA and protein expression levels of different cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes between male and female rats in the heart, liver, lung, kidney, brain, and small intestine. It demonstrated unique sex-specific differences in the different organs. This study is considered a big step towards elucidating sex-specific differences in P450 enzyme levels, which is largely important for achieving a better understanding of the differences between males and females in the disease's processes and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H Gerges
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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17
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Patil NP, Gómez-Hernández A, Zhang F, Cancel L, Feng X, Yan L, Xia K, Takematsu E, Yang EY, Le V, Fisher ME, Gonzalez-Rodriguez A, Garcia-Monzon C, Tunnell J, Tarbell J, Linhardt RJ, Baker AB. Rhamnan sulfate reduces atherosclerotic plaque formation and vascular inflammation. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Klyushova LS, Perepechaeva ML, Grishanova AY. The Role of CYP3A in Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2686. [PMID: 36359206 PMCID: PMC9687714 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP3A is an enzyme subfamily in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily and includes isoforms CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, and CYP3A43. CYP3A enzymes are indiscriminate toward substrates and are unique in that these enzymes metabolize both endogenous compounds and diverse xenobiotics (including drugs); almost the only common characteristic of these compounds is lipophilicity and a relatively large molecular weight. CYP3A enzymes are widely expressed in human organs and tissues, and consequences of these enzymes' activities play a major role both in normal regulation of physiological levels of endogenous compounds and in various pathological conditions. This review addresses these aspects of regulation of CYP3A enzymes under physiological conditions and their involvement in the initiation and progression of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria L. Perepechaeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Timakova Str. 2, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
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19
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Dietrich E, Jomard A, Osto E. Crosstalk between high-density lipoproteins and endothelial cells in health and disease: Insights into sex-dependent modulation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:989428. [PMID: 36304545 PMCID: PMC9594152 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.989428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Intense research in vascular biology has advanced our knowledge of molecular mechanisms of its onset and progression until complications; however, several aspects of the patho-physiology of atherosclerosis remain to be further elucidated. Endothelial cell homeostasis is fundamental to prevent atherosclerosis as the appearance of endothelial cell dysfunction is considered the first pro-atherosclerotic vascular modification. Physiologically, high density lipoproteins (HDLs) exert protective actions for vessels and in particular for ECs. Indeed, HDLs promote endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation, contribute to the regulation of vascular lipid metabolism, and have immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Sex- and gender-dependent differences are increasingly recognized as important, although not fully elucidated, factors in cardiovascular health and disease patho-physiology. In this review, we highlight the importance of sex hormones and sex-specific gene expression in the regulation of HDL and EC cross-talk and their contribution to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dietrich
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Jomard
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Osto
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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17β-Oestradiol Protects from Hepatitis C Virus Infection through Induction of Type I Interferon. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081806. [PMID: 36016428 PMCID: PMC9415988 DOI: 10.3390/v14081806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Sex hormones are widely recognised to act as protective factors against several viral infections. Specifically, females infected by the hepatitis C virus display higher clearance rates and reduced disease progression than those found in males. Through modulation of particle release and spread, 17β-oestradiol controls HCV’s life cycle. We investigated the mechanism(s) behind oestrogen’s antiviral effect. Methods: We used cell culture-derived hepatitis C virus in in vitro assays to evaluate the effect of 17β-oestradiol on the innate immune response. Host immune responses were evaluated by enumerating gene transcripts via RT-qPCR in cells exposed to oestrogen in the presence or absence of viral infection. Antiviral effects were determined by focus-forming unit assay or HCV RNA quantification. Results: Stimulation of 17β-oestradiol triggers a pre-activated antiviral state in hepatocytes, which can be maintained for several hours after the hormone is removed. This induction results in the elevation of several innate immune genes, such as interferon alpha and beta, tumour necrosis factor, toll-like receptor 3 and interferon regulatory factor 5. We demonstrated that this pre-activation of immune response signalling is not affected by a viral presence, and the antiviral state can be ablated using an interferon-alpha/beta receptor alpha inhibitor. Finally, we proved that the oestrogen-induced stimulation is essential to generate an antiviral microenvironment mediated by activation of type I interferons. Conclusion: Resulting in viral control and suppression, 17β-oestradiol induces an interferon-mediated antiviral state in hepatocytes. Oestrogen-stimulated cells modulate the immune response through secretion of type I interferon, which can be countered by blocking interferon-alpha/beta receptor alpha signalling.
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21
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Tantawy M, Collins JM, Wang D. Genome-wide microRNA profiles identify miR-107 as a top miRNA associating with expression of the CYP3As and other drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:943538. [PMID: 36059981 PMCID: PMC9428441 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.943538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) drug metabolizing enzymes are responsible for the metabolism of over 70% of currently used medications with the CYP3A family being the most important CYP enzymes in the liver. Large inter-person variability in expression/activity of the CYP3As greatly affects drug exposure and treatment outcomes, yet the cause of such variability remains elusive. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression and are involved in diverse cellular processes including metabolism of xenobiotics and therapeutic outcomes. Target prediction and in vitro functional assays have linked several miRNAs to the control of CYP3A4 expression. Yet, their co-expression with CYP3As in the liver remain unclear. In this study, we used genome-wide miRNA profiling in liver samples to identify miRNAs associated with the expression of the CYP3As. We identified and validated both miR-107 and miR-1260 as strongly associated with the expression of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A43. Moreover, we found associations between miR-107 and nine transcription factors (TFs) that regulate CYP3A expression, with estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) having the largest effect size. Including ESR1 and the other TFs in the regression model either diminished or abolished the associations between miR-107 and the CYP3As, indicating that the role of miR-107 in CYP3A expression may be indirect and occur through these key TFs. Indeed, testing the other nine CYPs previously shown to be regulated by ESR1 identified similar miR-107 associations that were dependent on the exclusion of ESR1 and other key TFs in the regression model. In addition, we found significant differences in miRNA expression profiles in liver samples between race and sex. Together, our results identify miR-107 as a potential epigenetic regulator that is strongly associated with the expression of many CYPs, likely via impacting the CYP regulatory network controlled by ESR1 and other key TFs. Therefore, both genetic and epigenetic factors that alter the expression of miR-107 may have a broad influence on drug metabolism.
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22
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Guengerich FP. Roles of cytochrome P450 enzymes in pharmacology and toxicology: Past, present, and future. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 95:1-47. [PMID: 35953152 PMCID: PMC9869358 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The development of the cytochrome P450 (P450) field has been remarkable in the areas of pharmacology and toxicology, particularly in drug development. Today it is possible to use the knowledge base and relatively straightforward assays to make intelligent predictions about drug disposition prior to human dosing. Much is known about the structures, regulation, chemistry of catalysis, and the substrate and inhibitor specificity of human P450s. Many aspects of drug-drug interactions and side effects can be understood in terms of P450s. This knowledge has also been useful in pharmacy practice, as well as in the pharmaceutical industry and medical practice. However, there are still basic and practical questions to address regarding P450s and their roles in pharmacology and toxicology. Another aspect is the discovery of drugs that inhibit P450 to treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.
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23
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Xie F, Li X, Xu Y, Cheng D, Xia X, Lv X, Yuan G, Peng C. Estrogen Mediates an Atherosclerotic-Protective Action via Estrogen Receptor Alpha/SREBP-1 Signaling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:895916. [PMID: 35865386 PMCID: PMC9294214 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.895916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is associated with dyslipidemia and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, the underlying mechanism of dyslipidemia is attributed to an insufficiency of estrogen. In this study, we find that estrogen mediates an atherosclerotic-protective action via estrogen receptor alpha/SREBP-1 signaling. Increased lipid accumulation and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-uptake in HepG2 cells and THP-1 macrophages were induced by treatment of mixed hyperlipidemic serum from postmenopausal women; 17β-estradiol [estrogen (E2)] (10 nM) administration significantly improved hyperlipidemic profiles, relieved fatty-liver damage and attenuated the plaque area in the heart chamber of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ovariectomized (OVX) ApoE–/– mice. Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 mRNA of circulating leukocytes in postmenopausal women was strongly correlated to the serum E2 level. Exploration of data from the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database revealed that expression of SREBP-1 protein correlated to expression of estrogen receptor (ESR)α protein in the liver, blood and in normal tissue. Genetic overexpression/inhibition of ESRα resulted in increased/decreased SREBP-1 expression as well as attenuated/deteriorated lipid deposition in vitro. An inhibitor of the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (AKT/mTOR) pathway, AZD8055, abolished ESRα-induced SREBP-1 expression in HepG2 cells. Moreover, E2 and statin co-treatment significantly reduced lipid accumulation in vitro and hindered the progression of atherosclerosis and fatty-liver damage in OVX ApoE–/– mice. Collectively, our results suggest that estrogen could exerted its atherosclerotic-protective action via ESRα/SREBP-1 signaling. E2 might enhance the cellular sensitivity of statins and could be used as a novel therapeutic strategy against atherosclerotic disorders in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Outpatient, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiandong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Dongliang Cheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xianru Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xi Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Guolin Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chunyan Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyan Peng,
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24
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Sebo ZL, Rodeheffer MS. Prepubertal androgen signaling is required to establish male fat distribution. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1081-1088. [PMID: 35487210 PMCID: PMC9133643 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat distribution is sexually dimorphic and is associated with metabolic disease risk. It is unknown if prepubertal sex-hormone signaling influences adult fat distribution. Here, we show that karyotypically male androgen-insensitive mice exhibit pronounced subcutaneous adiposity compared with wild-type males and females. This subcutaneous adipose bias emerges prior to puberty and is not due to differences in adipocyte size or rates of adipogenesis between visceral and subcutaneous fat. Instead, we find that androgen-insensitive mice lack an adequate progenitor pool for normal visceral-fat expansion during development, thus increasing the subcutaneous-to-visceral-fat ratio. Obesogenic visceral-fat expansion is likewise inhibited in these mice, yet their metabolic health is similar to wild-type animals with comparable total fat mass. Taken together, these data show that adult fat distribution can be determined prior to the onset of puberty by the relative number of progenitors that seed nascent adipose depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L Sebo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 375 Congress Ave, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 375 Congress Ave, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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25
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Zemanova N, Anzenbacher P, Anzenbacherova E. The role of cytochromes P450 in metabolism of selected antidepressants and anxiolytics under psychological stress. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2022; 166:140-149. [PMID: 35438085 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In today's modern society, it seems to be more and more challenging to cope with life stresses. The effect of psychological stress on emotional and physical health can be devastating, and increased stress is associated with increased rates of heart attack, hypertension, obesity, addiction, anxiety and depression. This review focuses on the possibility of an influence of psychological stress on the metabolism of selected antidepressants (TCAs, SSRIs, SNRIs, SARIs, NDRIs a MMAs) and anxiolytics (benzodiazepines and azapirone), as patients treated with antidepressants and/or anxiolytics can still suffer from psychological stress. Emphasis is placed on the drug metabolism mediated by the enzymes of Phase I, typically cytochromes P450 (CYPs), which are the major enzymes involved in drug metabolism, as the majority of psychoactive substances are metabolized by numerous CYPs (such as CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2A6, CYP2D6, CYP3A4). As the data on the effect of stress on human enzymes are extremely rare, modulation of the efficacy and even regulation of the biotransformation pathways of drugs by psychological stress can be expected to play a significant role, as there is increasing evidence that stress can alter drug metabolism, hence there is a risk of less effective drug metabolism and increased side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Zemanova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Anzenbacherova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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26
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Smati S, Polizzi A, Fougerat A, Ellero-Simatos S, Blum Y, Lippi Y, Régnier M, Laroyenne A, Huillet M, Arif M, Zhang C, Lasserre F, Marrot A, Al Saati T, Wan J, Sommer C, Naylies C, Batut A, Lukowicz C, Fougeray T, Tramunt B, Dubot P, Smith L, Bertrand-Michel J, Hennuyer N, Pradere JP, Staels B, Burcelin R, Lenfant F, Arnal JF, Levade T, Gamet-Payrastre L, Lagarrigue S, Loiseau N, Lotersztajn S, Postic C, Wahli W, Bureau C, Guillaume M, Mardinoglu A, Montagner A, Gourdy P, Guillou H. Integrative study of diet-induced mouse models of NAFLD identifies PPARα as a sexually dimorphic drug target. Gut 2022; 71:807-821. [PMID: 33903148 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the influence of sex on the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated diet-induced phenotypic responses to define sex-specific regulation between healthy liver and NAFLD to identify influential pathways in different preclinical murine models and their relevance in humans. DESIGN Different models of diet-induced NAFLD (high-fat diet, choline-deficient high-fat diet, Western diet or Western diet supplemented with fructose and glucose in drinking water) were compared with a control diet in male and female mice. We performed metabolic phenotyping, including plasma biochemistry and liver histology, untargeted large-scale approaches (liver metabolome, lipidome and transcriptome), gene expression profiling and network analysis to identify sex-specific pathways in the mouse liver. RESULTS The different diets induced sex-specific responses that illustrated an increased susceptibility to NAFLD in male mice. The most severe lipid accumulation and inflammation/fibrosis occurred in males receiving the high-fat diet and Western diet, respectively. Sex-biased hepatic gene signatures were identified for these different dietary challenges. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) co-expression network was identified as sexually dimorphic, and in vivo experiments in mice demonstrated that hepatocyte PPARα determines a sex-specific response to fasting and treatment with pemafibrate, a selective PPARα agonist. Liver molecular signatures in humans also provided evidence of sexually dimorphic gene expression profiles and the sex-specific co-expression network for PPARα. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the sex specificity of NAFLD pathophysiology in preclinical studies and identify PPARα as a pivotal, sexually dimorphic, pharmacological target. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02390232.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Smati
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Fougerat
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Yuna Blum
- CIT, Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France.,IGDR UMR 6290, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Régnier
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Laroyenne
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Huillet
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Frederic Lasserre
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Marrot
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Talal Al Saati
- Experimental Histopathology Department, INSERM US006-CREFRE, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - JingHong Wan
- INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Sommer
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Naylies
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurelie Batut
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Celine Lukowicz
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Tiffany Fougeray
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Blandine Tramunt
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Dubot
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,INSERM U1037, CRCT, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Lorraine Smith
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pradere
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Remy Burcelin
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Levade
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,INSERM U1037, CRCT, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Gamet-Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Lotersztajn
- INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Walter Wahli
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Bureau
- Hepatology Unit, Rangueil Hospital Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Maeva Guillaume
- Hepatology Unit, Rangueil Hospital Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.,Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France .,Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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27
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Kemas AM, Youhanna S, Lauschke VM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - opportunities for personalized treatment and drug development. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2022.2053285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurino M. Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M. Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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28
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Metabolic effects of the schizophrenia-associated 3q29 deletion. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:66. [PMID: 35177588 PMCID: PMC8854723 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1.6 Mb 3q29 deletion is associated with developmental and psychiatric phenotypes, including a 40-fold increased risk for schizophrenia. Reduced birth weight and a high prevalence of feeding disorders in patients suggest underlying metabolic dysregulation. We investigated 3q29 deletion-induced metabolic changes using our previously generated heterozygous B6.Del16+/Bdh1-Tfrc mouse model. Animals were provided either standard chow (STD) or high-fat diet (HFD). Growth curves were performed on HFD mice to assess weight change (n = 30-50/group). Indirect calorimetry and untargeted metabolomics were performed on STD and HFD mice to evaluate metabolic phenotypes (n = 8-14/group). A behavioral battery was performed on STD and HFD mice to assess behavior change after the HFD challenge (n = 5-13/group). We found that B6.Del16+/Bdh1-Tfrc animals preferentially use dietary lipids as an energy source. Untargeted metabolomics of liver tissue showed a strong sex-dependent effect of the 3q29 deletion on fat metabolism. A HFD partially rescued the 3q29 deletion-associated weight deficit in females, but not males. Untargeted metabolomics of liver tissue after HFD revealed persistent fat metabolism alterations in females. The HFD did not affect B6.Del16+/Bdh1-Tfrc behavioral phenotypes, suggesting that 3q29 deletion-associated metabolic and behavioral outcomes are uncoupled. Our data suggest that dietary interventions to improve weight phenotypes in 3q29 deletion syndrome patients are unlikely to exacerbate behavioral manifestations. Our study also highlights the importance of assessing sex in metabolic studies and suggests that mechanisms underlying 3q29 deletion-associated metabolic phenotypes are sex-specific.
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29
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Modelling Female Physiology from Head to Toe: Impact of Sex Hormones, Menstrual Cycle, and Pregnancy. J Theor Biol 2022; 540:111074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Sheng S, Chen J, Zhang Y, Qin Q, Li W, Yan S, Wang Y, Li T, Gao X, Tang L, Li A, Ding S. Structural and Functional Alterations of Gut Microbiota in Males With Hyperuricemia and High Levels of Liver Enzymes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:779994. [PMID: 34869502 PMCID: PMC8640097 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.779994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the correlation between the structure and function alterations of gut microbiota and biochemical indicators in males with hyperuricemia (HUA) and high levels of liver enzymes, in order to provide new evidences and therapeutic targets for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HUA. Methods: A total of 69 patients with HUA (HUA group) and 118 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Their age, height, waist circumference, weight, and pressure were measured. The clinical parameters such as fasting plasma glucose (FBG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum uric acid (SUA), serum creatinine (Scr), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), white blood cell (WBC), platelet (PLT), and absolute value of neutrophils (NEUT) were examined. We used whole-genome shotgun sequencing technology and HUMAnN2 MetaCyc pathway database to detect the composition and pathways of the gut microbiota. The main statistical methods were student's t test, chi-square tests, and Wilcoxon rank sum test. The correlations among bacterial diversity, microbial pathways, and biochemical indicators were evaluated by the R function "cor.test" with spearman method. Results: The gut bacterial diversity in HUA group reduced significantly and the community of the microbiota was of significant difference between the two groups. The pathways that can produce 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (PWY-6122, PWY-6277, and PWY-6121), aromatic amino acids, and chorismate (COMPLETE-ARO-PWY, ARO-PWY, and PWY-6163) were enriched in the HUA group; while the pathways that can produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs, such as CENTFERM-PWY and PWY-6590) and the gut microbiotas that can produce SCFAs (Roseburia hominis, Odoribacter splanchnicus, Ruminococcus callidus, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3_1_46FAA, Bacteroides uniformis, Butyricimonas synergistica) and equol (Adlercreutzia equolifaciens) were enriched in healthy controls. Conclusion: The structure and function of the gut microbiota in males with HUA and high levels of liver enzymes have altered apparently. In-depth study of related mechanisms may provide new ideas for the treatment of HUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Sheng
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingfeng Chen
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Qin
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weikang Li
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Su Yan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youxiang Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ang Li
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suying Ding
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Matthews BJ, Melia T, Waxman DJ. Harnessing natural variation to identify cis regulators of sex-biased gene expression in a multi-strain mouse liver model. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009588. [PMID: 34752452 PMCID: PMC8664386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in gene expression are widespread in the liver, where many autosomal factors act in tandem with growth hormone signaling to regulate individual variability of sex differences in liver metabolism and disease. Here, we compare hepatic transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles of mouse strains C57BL/6J and CAST/EiJ, representing two subspecies separated by 0.5-1 million years of evolution, to elucidate the actions of genetic factors regulating liver sex differences. We identify 144 protein coding genes and 78 lncRNAs showing strain-conserved sex bias; many have gene ontologies relevant to liver function, are more highly liver-specific and show greater sex bias, and are more proximally regulated than genes whose sex bias is strain-dependent. The strain-conserved genes include key growth hormone-dependent transcriptional regulators of liver sex bias; however, three other transcription factors, Trim24, Tox, and Zfp809, lose their sex-biased expression in CAST/EiJ mouse liver. To elucidate the observed strain specificities in expression, we characterized the strain-dependence of sex-biased chromatin opening and enhancer marks at cis regulatory elements (CREs) within expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) regulating liver sex-biased genes. Strikingly, 208 of 286 eQTLs with strain-specific, sex-differential effects on expression were associated with a complete gain, loss, or reversal of the sex differences in expression between strains. Moreover, 166 of the 286 eQTLs were linked to the strain-dependent gain or loss of localized sex-biased CREs. Remarkably, a subset of these CREs apparently lacked strain-specific genetic variants yet showed coordinated, strain-dependent sex-biased epigenetic regulation. Thus, we directly link hundreds of strain-specific genetic variants to the high variability in CRE activity and expression of sex-biased genes and uncover underlying genetically-determined epigenetic states controlling liver sex bias in genetically diverse mouse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J. Matthews
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tisha Melia
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David J. Waxman
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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32
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Lefebvre P, Staels B. Hepatic sexual dimorphism - implications for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:662-670. [PMID: 34417588 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00538-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The liver is often thought of as a single functional unit, but both its structural and functional architecture make it highly multivalent and adaptable. In any given physiological situation, the liver can maintain metabolic homeostasis, conduct appropriate inflammatory responses, carry out endobiotic and xenobiotic transformation and synthesis reactions, as well as store and release multiple bioactive molecules. Moreover, the liver is a very resilient organ. This resilience means that chronic liver diseases can go unnoticed for decades, yet culminate in life-threatening clinical complications once the adaptive capacity of the liver is overwhelmed. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) predisposes individuals to cirrhosis and increases liver-related and cardiovascular disease-related mortality. This Review discusses the accumulating evidence of sexual dimorphism in NAFLD, which is currently rarely considered in preclinical and clinical studies. Increased awareness of the mechanistic causes of hepatic sexual dimorphism could lead to improved understanding of the biological processes that are dysregulated in NAFLD, to the identification of relevant therapeutic targets and to improved risk stratification of patients with NAFLD undergoing therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lefebvre
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
| | - Bart Staels
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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33
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Peterson KA, Kaur G, Gianos E, Mookherjee S, Poli KA, Sidhu MS, Lyubarova R. Challenges in Optimizing Lipid Management in Women. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 36:1197-1220. [PMID: 34661802 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While there are physiologic differences in lipid metabolism in men and women, pharmacologic therapy is very effective in both with similar management strategies recommended in the current guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia. Despite similar guidelines for treatment, studies have shown that women have worse control of dyslipidemia than their male counterparts. This may stem from multiple contributing factors including underestimation of cardiovascular disease risk in women, decreased prescription and utilization of lipid-lowering therapies, decreased medication adherence, and higher risk of statin intolerance, all of which may contribute to lower attainment of lipid targets. Furthermore, heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in women, with heart disease noted an average of 7-10 years later than in men. This has historically led to the misperception that women are protected from heart disease and can be treated less aggressively. In fact, traditional risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease often impact risk in women to a greater extent than they do in men. Unique risk factors such as pregnancy-related disorders also contribute to the level of risk and therefore warrant consideration in risk stratification. This review summarizes the efficacy of contemporary lipid-lowering therapies in women versus men and discusses the challenges that arise with lipid management in women along with potential ways to tackle these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellsey A Peterson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College and Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Gurleen Kaur
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College and Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Eugenia Gianos
- Department of Cardiology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Sulagna Mookherjee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College and Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Kim A Poli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College and Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Mandeep S Sidhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College and Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Radmila Lyubarova
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College and Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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Kroeske K, Arévalo Sureda E, Uerlings J, Deforce D, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Heyndrickx M, Millet S, Everaert N, Schroyen M. The Impact of Maternal and Piglet Low Protein Diet and Their Interaction on the Porcine Liver Transcriptome around the Time of Weaning. Vet Sci 2021; 8:233. [PMID: 34679062 PMCID: PMC8540021 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal diet during early gestation affects offspring phenotype, but it is unclear whether maternal diet during late gestation influences piglet metabolism. We evaluated the impact of two dietary protein levels in sow late gestation diet and piglet nursery diet on piglet metabolism. Diets met or exceeded the crude protein and amino acid requirements. Sows received either 12% (Lower, L) or 17% (Higher, H) crude protein (CP) during the last five weeks of gestation, and piglets received 16.5% (L) or 21% (H) CP from weaning at age 3.5 weeks. This resulted in a 2 × 2 factorial design with four sow/piglet diet treatment groups: HH and LL (match), HL and LH (mismatch). Piglet hepatic tissues were sampled and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined by RNA sequencing. At age 4.5 weeks, 25 genes were downregulated and 22 genes were upregulated in the mismatch compared to match groups. Several genes involved in catabolic pathways were upregulated in the mismatch compared to match groups, as were genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation. The results show a distinct interaction effect between maternal and nursery diets, implying that sow late gestation diet could be used to optimize piglet metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikianne Kroeske
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (K.K.); (E.A.S.); (J.U.); (N.E.)
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), 9090 Melle, Belgium; (M.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Ester Arévalo Sureda
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (K.K.); (E.A.S.); (J.U.); (N.E.)
| | - Julie Uerlings
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (K.K.); (E.A.S.); (J.U.); (N.E.)
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (D.D.); (F.V.N.)
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (D.D.); (F.V.N.)
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), 9090 Melle, Belgium; (M.H.); (S.M.)
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sam Millet
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), 9090 Melle, Belgium; (M.H.); (S.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (K.K.); (E.A.S.); (J.U.); (N.E.)
| | - Martine Schroyen
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (K.K.); (E.A.S.); (J.U.); (N.E.)
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35
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Boutot ME, Whitcomb BW, Abdelouahab N, Baccarelli AA, Boivin A, Caku A, Gillet V, Martinez G, Pasquier JC, Zhu J, Takser L, St-Cyr L, Suvorov A. In Utero Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Childhood Lipid Levels. Metabolites 2021; 11:657. [PMID: 34677372 PMCID: PMC8540619 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies have shown that developmental exposures to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) permanently affect blood/liver balance of lipids. No human study has evaluated associations between in utero exposures to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and later life lipid metabolism. In this pilot, maternal plasma levels of PBDEs (BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, and BDE-153) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB-138, PCB-153, and PCB-180) were determined at delivery in participants of GESTation and Environment (GESTE) cohort. Total cholesterol (TCh), triglycerides (TG), low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL-C and HDL-C), total lipids (TL), and PBDEs were determined in serum of 147 children at ages 6-7. General linear regression was used to estimate the relationship between maternal POPs and child lipid levels with adjustment for potential confounders, and adjustment for childhood POPs. In utero BDE-99 was associated with lower childhood levels of TG (p = 0.003), and non-significantly with HDL-C (p = 0.06) and TL (p = 0.07). Maternal PCB-138 was associated with lower childhood levels of TG (p = 0.04), LDL-C (p = 0.04), and TL (p = 0.02). Our data indicate that in utero exposures to POPs may be associated with long lasting decrease in circulating lipids in children, suggesting increased lipid accumulation in the liver, a mechanism involved in NAFLD development, consistent with previously reported animal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maegan E. Boutot
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (M.E.B.); (B.W.W.)
| | - Brian W. Whitcomb
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (M.E.B.); (B.W.W.)
| | - Nadia Abdelouahab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (N.A.); (J.-C.P.)
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Amélie Boivin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.B.); (V.G.); (L.S.-C.)
| | - Artuela Caku
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Virginie Gillet
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.B.); (V.G.); (L.S.-C.)
| | - Guillaume Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Jean-Charles Pasquier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (N.A.); (J.-C.P.)
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada;
| | - Larissa Takser
- Department of Pediatrics & Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Lindsay St-Cyr
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.B.); (V.G.); (L.S.-C.)
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (M.E.B.); (B.W.W.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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36
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Sauteraud R, Stahl JM, James J, Englebright M, Chen F, Zhan X, Carrel L, Liu DJ. Inferring genes that escape X-Chromosome inactivation reveals important contribution of variable escape genes to sex-biased diseases. Genome Res 2021; 31:1629-1637. [PMID: 34426515 PMCID: PMC8415373 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275677.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The X Chromosome plays an important role in human development and disease. However, functional genomic and disease association studies of X genes greatly lag behind autosomal gene studies, in part owing to the unique biology of X-Chromosome inactivation (XCI). Because of XCI, most genes are only expressed from one allele. Yet, ∼30% of X genes “escape” XCI and are transcribed from both alleles, many only in a proportion of the population. Such interindividual differences are likely to be disease relevant, particularly for sex-biased disorders. To understand the functional biology for X-linked genes, we developed X-Chromosome inactivation for RNA-seq (XCIR), a novel approach to identify escape genes using bulk RNA-seq data. Our method, available as an R package, is more powerful than alternative approaches and is computationally efficient to handle large population-scale data sets. Using annotated XCI states, we examined the contribution of X-linked genes to the disease heritability in the United Kingdom Biobank data set. We show that escape and variable escape genes explain the largest proportion of X heritability, which is in large part attributable to X genes with Y homology. Finally, we investigated the role of each XCI state in sex-biased diseases and found that although XY homologous gene pairs have a larger overall effect size, enrichment for variable escape genes is significantly increased in female-biased diseases. Our results, for the first time, quantitate the importance of variable escape genes for the etiology of sex-biased disease, and our pipeline allows analysis of larger data sets for a broad range of phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Sauteraud
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Jill M Stahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Jesica James
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Marisa Englebright
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.,Institute for Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Clinical Science, Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8821, USA
| | - Laura Carrel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Dajiang J Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.,Institute for Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
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37
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So J, Tai AK, Lichtenstein AH, Wu D, Lamon-Fava S. Sexual dimorphism of monocyte transcriptome in individuals with chronic low-grade inflammation. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:43. [PMID: 34321081 PMCID: PMC8320037 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in the immune system is evidenced by a higher prevalence of autoimmune diseases in women and higher susceptibility to infectious diseases in men. However, the molecular basis of these sex-based differences is not fully understood. We have characterized the transcriptome profiles of peripheral blood monocytes from males and postmenopausal females with chronic low-grade inflammation. We identified 41 sexually differentially expressed genes [adjusted p value (FDR) < 0.1], including genes involved in immune cell activation (e.g., CEACAM1, FCGR2B, and SLAMF7) and antigen presentation (e.g., AIM2, CD1E, and UBA1) with a higher expression in females than males. Moreover, signaling pathways of immune or inflammatory responses, including interferon (IFN) signaling [z-score = 2.45, -log(p) = 3.88], were found to be more upregulated in female versus male monocytes, based on a set of genes exhibiting sex-biased expression (p < 0.03). The contribution of IFN signaling to the sexual transcriptional differences was further confirmed by direct comparisons of the monocyte sex-biased genes with IFN signature genes (ISGs) that were previously curated in mouse macrophages. ISGs showed a greater overlap with female-biased genes than male-biased genes and a higher overall expression in female than male monocytes, particularly for the genes of antiviral and inflammatory responses to IFN. Given the role of IFN in immune defense and autoimmunity, our results suggest that sexual dimorphism in immune functions may be associated with more priming of innate immune pathways in female than male monocytes. These findings highlight the role of sex on the human immune transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun So
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert K Tai
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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38
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de Araújo Albuquerque LP, da Silva AM, de Araújo Batista FM, de Souza Sene I, Costa DL, Costa CHN. Influence of sex hormones on the immune response to leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol 2021; 43:e12874. [PMID: 34309860 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The differences in morbidity and mortality patterns and life expectancy between the sexes are well established in different infectious and parasitic conditions, such as in leishmaniases, in which biological, genetic, sexual and hormonal variations can modulate the immune response indicating greater infectivity, prevalence and clinical severity in men. In this regard, in seeking the understanding of factors related to protection and susceptibility to infection, this review aimed to discuss the influence of sex hormones on the immune response to leishmaniases. In the literature, sex hormone variations promote differences in the innate, humoral and cell-mediated immune response, leading to greater susceptibility, mortality and complications in males. Epidemiological estimates confirm these results, showing a predominance of the disease, in its different clinical forms, in men and suggesting that sexual variations influence immunomodulatory mechanisms since the prevalence of cases comprises the post-puberty and adulthood period. In this perspective, the action of sex hormones has been investigated in different clinical models, highlighting the potential of testosterone in immunosuppression, given its association with greater susceptibility and poor control of parasite load and the induction of cell apoptosis and attenuation of pro-inflammatory signalling pathways. Therefore, hormonal variations influence the immune response among males and females against leishmaniases, in which androgens may present immunosuppressive potential, while steroids present immunomodulatory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Miranda da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Network of Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.,Leishmaniasis Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dorcas Lamounier Costa
- Maternal and Child Department, Federal University of Piauí and Intelligence Center in Emerging and Neglected Tropical Conditions (CIATEN, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Nery Costa
- Community Medicine Department, Federal University of Piauí and Intelligence Center in Emerging and Neglected Tropical Conditions (CIATEN, Teresina, Brazil
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39
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Zandonai T, Escorial M, Peiró AM. Codeine and Tramadol Use in Athletes: A Potential for Abuse. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:661781. [PMID: 34177579 PMCID: PMC8222773 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.661781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zandonai
- Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Paediatrics and Organic Chemistry, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Mónica Escorial
- Department of Pharmacology, Paediatrics and Organic Chemistry, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain.,Neuropharmacology on Pain and Functional Diversity (NED), Institute of Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL Foundation), Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana M Peiró
- Department of Pharmacology, Paediatrics and Organic Chemistry, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain.,Neuropharmacology on Pain and Functional Diversity (NED), Institute of Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL Foundation), Alicante, Spain.,Pain Unit, Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, Alicante, Spain
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40
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ESR1 ChIP-Seq Identifies Distinct Ligand-Free ESR1 Genomic Binding Sites in Human Hepatocytes and Liver Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031461. [PMID: 33540646 PMCID: PMC7867289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) is an important gene transcriptional regulator, known to mediate the effects of estrogen. Canonically, ESR1 is activated by its ligand estrogen. However, the role of unliganded ESR1 in transcriptional regulation has been gaining attention. We have recently shown that ligand-free ESR1 is a key regulator of several cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes in the liver, however ligand-free ESR1 has not been characterized genome-wide in the human liver. To address this, ESR1 ChIP-Seq was conducted in human liver samples and in hepatocytes with or without 17beta-estradiol (E2) treatment. We identified both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent binding sites throughout the genome. These two ESR1 binding categories showed different genomic localization, pathway enrichment, and cofactor colocalization, indicating different ESR1 regulatory function depending on ligand availability. By analyzing existing ESR1 data from additional human cell lines, we uncovered a potential ligand-independent ESR1 activity, namely its co-enrichment with the zinc finger protein 143 (ZNF143). Furthermore, we identified ESR1 binding sites near many gene loci related to drug therapy, including the CYPs. Overall, this study shows distinct ligand-free and ligand-bound ESR1 chromatin binding profiles in the liver and suggests the potential broad influence of ESR1 in drug metabolism and drug therapy.
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Ortiz-Huidobro RI, Velasco M, Larqué C, Escalona R, Hiriart M. Molecular Insulin Actions Are Sexually Dimorphic in Lipid Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:690484. [PMID: 34220716 PMCID: PMC8251559 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.690484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increment in energy-dense food and low physical activity has contributed to the current obesity pandemic, which is more prevalent in women than in men. Insulin is an anabolic hormone that regulates the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. During obesity, nutrient storage capacity is dysregulated due to a reduced insulin action on its target organs, producing insulin resistance, an early marker of metabolic dysfunction. Insulin resistance in adipose tissue is central in metabolic diseases due to the critical role that this tissue plays in energy homeostasis. We focused on sexual dimorphism on the molecular mechanisms of insulin actions and their relationship with the physiology and pathophysiology of adipose tissue. Until recently, most of the physiological and pharmacological studies were done in males without considering sexual dimorphism, which is relevant. There is ample clinical and epidemiological evidence of its contribution to the establishment and progression of metabolic diseases. Sexual dimorphism is a critical and often overlooked factor that should be considered in design of sex-targeted therapeutic strategies and public health policies to address obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Myrian Velasco
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Larqué
- Department of Embryology and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rene Escalona
- Department of Embryology and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Marcia Hiriart,
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Lei Z, Wu H, Yang Y, Hu Q, Lei Y, Liu W, Nie Y, Yang L, Zhang X, Yang C, Lin T, Tong F, Zhu J, Guo J. Ovariectomy Impaired Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis and Altered the Gut Microbiota in Mice With Different Diets. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:708838. [PMID: 34276568 PMCID: PMC8278766 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.708838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lower incidence of metabolic diseases of women than men and the increasing morbidity of metabolic disorders of menopausal women indicated that hormones produced by ovaries may affect homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To explore the functions of ovaries on regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in females, 8 weeks old C57BL/6 mice were preformed ovariectomy and administrated with normal food diet (NFD) or high fat diet (HFD). Six weeks after ovariectomy, blood biochemical indexes were tested and the morphology and histology of livers were checked. The expression levels of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism in liver were detected through transcriptome analysis, qPCR and western blot assays. 16S rDNA sequence was conducted to analyze the gut microbiota of mice with ovariectomy and different diets. The serum total cholesterol (TC) was significantly increased in ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed with NFD (OVXN), and serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly increased in both OVXN mice and OVX mice fed with HFD (OVXH). The excessive glycogen storage was found in livers of 37.5% mice from OVXN group, and lipid accumulation was detected in livers of the other 62.5% OVXN mice. The OVXN group was further divided into OVXN-Gly and OVXN-TG subgroups depending on histological results of the liver. Lipid drops in livers of OVXH mice were more and larger than other groups. The expression level of genes related with lipogenesis was significantly increased and the expression level of genes related with β-oxidation was significantly downregulated in the liver of OVXN mice. Ovariectomy also caused the dysbiosis of intestinal flora of OVXN and OVXH mice. These results demonstrated that hormones generated by ovaries played important roles in regulating hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism and communicating with the gut microbiota in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zili Lei, ; Jiao Guo,
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital (School of Clinical Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwan Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Nie
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanxiang Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changyuan Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxue Tong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Zhu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zili Lei, ; Jiao Guo,
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Genistein Modulated Lipid Metabolism, Hepatic PPARγ, and Adiponectin Expression in Bilateral Ovariectomized Rats with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010024. [PMID: 33383845 PMCID: PMC7824652 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of genistein on lipid accumulation and apoptosis in estrogen deficient rats with NASH. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) were divided into ovariectomized (OVX) and non-OVX groups. Each group was then sub-divided into 3 subgroups; control, NASH (rats fed with a high-fat, high-fructose (HFHF) diet), and NASH+Gen (rats fed with HFHF diet plus daily genistein at 16 mg/kg BW). Results showed that HFHF diet induced liver fat accumulation in both non-OVX and OVX rats, which was evidenced by hepatic steatosis on liver pathology and increased hepatic free fatty acid (FFA) and triglyceride levels. Hepatic fat accumulation was significantly more severe in NASH rats with OVX than non-OVX. Hepatocyte apoptosis was more severe in NASH groups compared with that in control groups. Genistein administration significantly improved histopathology of NASH in both non-OVX and OVX rats and attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and hepatocyte apoptosis. Genistein also down-regulated PPARγ and up-regulated adiponectin expression. In summary, NASH could be worsened by estrogen deficiency, indicating the protective action of estrogen on NASH. Genistein administration alleviated hepatic steatosis and apoptosis through the down-regulation of PPARγ and up-regulation of adiponectin expression.
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Drug-Drug Interactions Involving Intestinal and Hepatic CYP1A Enzymes. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121201. [PMID: 33322313 PMCID: PMC7764576 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A enzymes are considerably expressed in the human intestine and liver and involved in the biotransformation of about 10% of marketed drugs. Despite this doubtless clinical relevance, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 are still somewhat underestimated in terms of unwanted side effects and drug–drug interactions of their respective substrates. In contrast to this, many frequently prescribed drugs that are subjected to extensive CYP1A-mediated metabolism show a narrow therapeutic index and serious adverse drug reactions. Consequently, those drugs are vulnerable to any kind of inhibition or induction in the expression and function of CYP1A. However, available in vitro data are not necessarily predictive for the occurrence of clinically relevant drug–drug interactions. Thus, this review aims to provide an up-to-date summary on the expression, regulation, function, and drug–drug interactions of CYP1A enzymes in humans.
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45
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Melia T, Waxman DJ. Genetic factors contributing to extensive variability of sex-specific hepatic gene expression in Diversity Outbred mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242665. [PMID: 33264334 PMCID: PMC7710091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-specific transcription characterizes hundreds of genes in mouse liver, many implicated in sex-differential drug and lipid metabolism and disease susceptibility. While the regulation of liver sex differences by growth hormone-activated STAT5 is well established, little is known about autosomal genetic factors regulating the sex-specific liver transcriptome. Here we show, using genotyping and expression data from a large population of Diversity Outbred mice, that genetic factors work in tandem with growth hormone to control the individual variability of hundreds of sex-biased genes, including many long non-coding RNA genes. Significant associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms and sex-specific gene expression were identified as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), many of which showed strong sex-dependent associations. Remarkably, autosomal genetic modifiers of sex-specific genes were found to account for more than 200 instances of gain or loss of sex-specificity across eight Diversity Outbred mouse founder strains. Sex-biased STAT5 binding sites and open chromatin regions with strain-specific variants were significantly enriched at eQTL regions regulating correspondingly sex-specific genes, supporting the proposed functional regulatory nature of the eQTL regions identified. Binding of the male-biased, growth hormone-regulated repressor BCL6 was most highly enriched at trans-eQTL regions controlling female-specific genes. Co-regulated gene clusters defined by overlapping eQTLs included sets of highly correlated genes from different chromosomes, further supporting trans-eQTL action. These findings elucidate how an unexpectedly large number of autosomal factors work in tandem with growth hormone signaling pathways to regulate the individual variability associated with sex differences in liver metabolism and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tisha Melia
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David J. Waxman
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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46
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Maarouf N, Chen YX, Shi C, Deng J, Diao C, Rosin M, Shrivastava V, Batulan Z, Liu J, O’Brien ER. Unlike estrogens that increase PCSK9 levels post-menopause HSP27 vaccination lowers cholesterol levels and atherogenesis due to divergent effects on PCSK9 and LDLR. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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47
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Sex-Specific Transcriptome Differences in Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080909. [PMID: 32784482 PMCID: PMC7464371 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, sexual dimorphism can manifest in many ways and it is widely studied in several knowledge fields. It is increasing the evidence that also cells differ according to sex, a correlation still little studied and poorly considered when cells are used in scientific research. Specifically, our interest is on the sex-related dimorphism on the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) transcriptome. A systematic meta-analysis of hMSC microarrays was performed by using the Transcriptome Mapper (TRAM) software. This bioinformatic tool was used to integrate and normalize datasets from multiple sources and allowed us to highlight chromosomal segments and genes differently expressed in hMSCs derived from adipose tissue (hADSCs) of male and female donors. Chromosomal segments and differentially expressed genes in male and female hADSCs resulted to be related to several processes as inflammation, adipogenic and neurogenic differentiation and cell communication. Obtained results lead us to hypothesize that the donor sex of hADSCs is a variable influencing a wide range of stem cell biologic processes. We believe that it should be considered in biologic research and stem cell therapy.
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48
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Hartman RJG, Kapteijn DMC, Haitjema S, Bekker MN, Mokry M, Pasterkamp G, Civelek M, den Ruijter HM. Intrinsic transcriptomic sex differences in human endothelial cells at birth and in adults are associated with coronary artery disease targets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12367. [PMID: 32704153 PMCID: PMC7378217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in endothelial cell (EC) biology may reflect intrinsic differences driven by chromosomes or sex steroid exposure and gender differences accumulated over life. We analysed EC gene expression data from boy-girl twins at birth and in non-twin adults to detect sex differences at different stages of life, and show that 14-25% of the EC transcriptome is sex-biased. By combining data from both stages of life, we identified sex differences that are present at birth and maintained throughout life, and those that are acquired over life. Promisingly, we found that genes that present with an acquired sex difference in ECs are more likely to be targets of sex steroids. Annotating both gene sets with data from multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed that genes with an intrinsic sex difference in ECs are enriched for coronary artery disease GWAS hits. This study underscores the need for treating sex as a biological variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J G Hartman
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniek M C Kapteijn
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Haitjema
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille N Bekker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Mokry
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, PO Box 85500, 3508GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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49
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Matthews BJ, Waxman DJ. Impact of 3D genome organization, guided by cohesin and CTCF looping, on sex-biased chromatin interactions and gene expression in mouse liver. Epigenetics Chromatin 2020; 13:30. [PMID: 32680543 PMCID: PMC7368777 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-020-00350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several thousand sex-differential distal enhancers have been identified in mouse liver; however, their links to sex-biased genes and the impact of any sex-differences in nuclear organization and chromatin interactions are unknown. To address these issues, we first characterized 1847 mouse liver genomic regions showing significant sex differential occupancy by cohesin and CTCF, two key 3D nuclear organizing factors. These sex-differential binding sites were primarily distal to sex-biased genes but rarely generated sex-differential TAD (topologically associating domain) or intra-TAD loop anchors, and were sometimes found in TADs without sex-biased genes. A substantial subset of sex-biased cohesin-non-CTCF binding sites, but not sex-biased cohesin-and-CTCF binding sites, overlapped sex-biased enhancers. Cohesin depletion reduced the expression of male-biased genes with distal, but not proximal, sex-biased enhancers by >10-fold, implicating cohesin in long-range enhancer interactions regulating sex-biased genes. Using circularized chromosome conformation capture-based sequencing (4C-seq), we showed that sex differences in distal sex-biased enhancer-promoter interactions are common. Intra-TAD loops with sex-independent cohesin-and-CTCF anchors conferred sex specificity to chromatin interactions indirectly, by insulating sex-biased enhancer-promoter contacts and by bringing sex-biased genes into closer proximity to sex-biased enhancers. Furthermore, sex-differential chromatin interactions involving sex-biased gene promoters, enhancers, and lncRNAs were associated with sex-biased binding of cohesin and/or CTCF. These studies elucidate how 3D genome organization impacts sex-biased gene expression in a non-reproductive tissue through both direct and indirect effects of cohesin and CTCF looping on distal enhancer interactions with sex-differentially expressed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Matthews
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - David J Waxman
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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50
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Schaum N, Lehallier B, Hahn O, Pálovics R, Hosseinzadeh S, Lee SE, Sit R, Lee DP, Losada PM, Zardeneta ME, Fehlmann T, Webber J, McGeever A, Calcuttawala K, Zhang H, Berdnik D, Mathur V, Tan W, Zee A, Tan M, Pisco A, Karkanias J, Neff NF, Keller A, Darmanis S, Quake SR, Wyss-Coray T. Ageing hallmarks exhibit organ-specific temporal signatures. Nature 2020; 583:596-602. [PMID: 32669715 PMCID: PMC7757734 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is the single greatest cause of disease and death worldwide, and understanding the associated processes could vastly improve quality of life. Although major categories of ageing damage have been identified-such as altered intercellular communication, loss of proteostasis and eroded mitochondrial function1-these deleterious processes interact with extraordinary complexity within and between organs, and a comprehensive, whole-organism analysis of ageing dynamics has been lacking. Here we performed bulk RNA sequencing of 17 organs and plasma proteomics at 10 ages across the lifespan of Mus musculus, and integrated these findings with data from the accompanying Tabula Muris Senis2-or 'Mouse Ageing Cell Atlas'-which follows on from the original Tabula Muris3. We reveal linear and nonlinear shifts in gene expression during ageing, with the associated genes clustered in consistent trajectory groups with coherent biological functions-including extracellular matrix regulation, unfolded protein binding, mitochondrial function, and inflammatory and immune response. Notably, these gene sets show similar expression across tissues, differing only in the amplitude and the age of onset of expression. Widespread activation of immune cells is especially pronounced, and is first detectable in white adipose depots during middle age. Single-cell RNA sequencing confirms the accumulation of T cells and B cells in adipose tissue-including plasma cells that express immunoglobulin J-which also accrue concurrently across diverse organs. Finally, we show how gene expression shifts in distinct tissues are highly correlated with corresponding protein levels in plasma, thus potentially contributing to the ageing of the systemic circulation. Together, these data demonstrate a similar yet asynchronous inter- and intra-organ progression of ageing, providing a foundation from which to track systemic sources of declining health at old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Schaum
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Benoit Lehallier
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Oliver Hahn
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Róbert Pálovics
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Song E. Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Rene Sit
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Davis P. Lee
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Patricia Morán Losada
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Macy E. Zardeneta
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - James Webber
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Kruti Calcuttawala
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Daniela Berdnik
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Vidhu Mathur
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Weilun Tan
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexander Zee
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michelle Tan
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Angela Pisco
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jim Karkanias
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Norma F. Neff
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andreas Keller
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Stephen R. Quake
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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