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Yin J, Liu H, Chen Y, Zhou J, Liu Y, Liang Z, Zhu X, Liu H, Ding P, Liu E, Zhang Y, Wu S, Wang A. Development and application of a high-sensitivity immunochromatographic test strip for detecting pseudorabies virus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1399123. [PMID: 38765685 PMCID: PMC11099248 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1399123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pseudorabies (PR) is a multi-animal comorbid disease caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV), which are naturally found in pigs. At the end of 2011, the emergence of PRV variant strains in many provinces in China had caused huge economic losses to pig farms. Rapid detection diagnosis of pigs infected with the PRV variant helps prevent outbreaks of PR. The immunochromatography test strip with colloidal gold nanoparticles is often used in clinical testing due to its low cost and high throughput. Methods This study was designed to produce monoclonal antibodies targeting PRV through immunization of mice using the eukaryotic system to express the gE glycoprotein. Subsequently, paired monoclonal antibodies were screened based on their sensitivity and specificity for use in the preparation of test strips. Results and discussion The strip prepared in this study was highly specific, only PRV was detected, and there was no cross-reactivity with glycoprotein gB, glycoprotein gC, glycoprotein gD, and glycoprotein gE of herpes simplex virus and varicellazoster virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, Senecavirus A, classical swine fever virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and porcine parvovirus. Moreover, it demonstrated high sensitivity with a detection limit of 1.336 × 103 copies/μL (the number of viral genome copies per microliter); the coincidence rate with the RT-PCR detection method was 96.4%. The strip developed by our laboratory provides an effective method for monitoring PRV infection and controlling of PR vaccine quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yin
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Basic Science, Zhengzhou University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingming Zhou
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yankai Liu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xifang Zhu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peiyang Ding
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Enping Liu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sixuan Wu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
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Ren N, Jin Q, Wang F, Huang D, Yang C, Zaman W, Salazar FV, Liu Q, Yuan Z, Xia H. Evaluation of vector susceptibility in Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens to Tibet orbivirus. mSphere 2024; 9:e0006224. [PMID: 38530016 PMCID: PMC11036799 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00062-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viruses cause various infectious diseases in humans and animals. Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV), a newly identified arbovirus, efficiently replicates in different types of vertebrate and mosquito cells, with its neutralizing antibodies detected in cattle and goats. However, despite being isolated from Culicoides midges, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes, there has been a notable absence of systematic studies on its vector competence. Thus, in this study, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens were reared in the laboratory to measure vector susceptibility through blood-feeding infection. Furthermore, RNA sequencing was used to examine the overall alterations in the Ae. aegypti transcriptome following TIBOV infection. The results revealed that Ae. aegypti exhibited a high susceptibility to TIBOV compared to Cx. p. pallens. Effective replication of the virus in Ae. aegypti midguts occurred when the blood-feeding titer of TIBOV exceeded 105 plaque-forming units mL-1. Nevertheless, only a few TIBOV RNA-positive samples were detected in the saliva of Ae. aegypti and Cx. p. pallens, suggesting that these mosquito species may not be the primary vectors for TIBOV. Moreover, at 2 dpi of TIBOV, numerous antimicrobial peptides downstream of the Toll and Imd signaling pathways were significantly downregulated in Ae. aegypti, indicating that TIBOV suppressed mosquitos' defense to survive in the vector at an early stage. Subsequently, the stress-activated protein kinase JNK, a crucial component of the MAPK signaling pathway, exhibited significant upregulation. Certain genes were also enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway in TIBOV-infected Ae. aegypti at 7 dpi.IMPORTANCETibet orbivirus (TIBOV) is an understudied arbovirus of the genus Orbivirus. Our study is the first-ever attempt to assess the vector susceptibility of this virus in two important mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens. Additionally, we present transcriptome data detailing the interaction between TIBOV and the immune system of Ae. aegypti, which expands the knowledge about orbivirus infection and its interaction with mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Jin
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Doudou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cihan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wahid Zaman
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qiyong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Villalba R, Tena-Tomás C, Ruano MJ, Valero-Lorenzo M, López-Herranz A, Cano-Gómez C, Agüero M. Development and Validation of Three Triplex Real-Time RT-PCR Assays for Typing African Horse Sickness Virus: Utility for Disease Control and Other Laboratory Applications. Viruses 2024; 16:470. [PMID: 38543834 PMCID: PMC10974454 DOI: 10.3390/v16030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The African horse sickness virus (AHSV) belongs to the Genus Orbivirus, family Sedoreoviridae, and nine serotypes of the virus have been described to date. The AHSV genome is composed of ten linear segments of double-stranded (ds) RNA, numbered in decreasing size order (Seg-1 to Seg-10). Genome segment 2 (Seg-2) encodes outer-capsid protein VP2, the most variable AHSV protein and the primary target for neutralizing antibodies. Consequently, Seg-2 determines the identity of the virus serotype. An African horse sickness (AHS) outbreak in an AHS-free status country requires identifying the serotype as soon as possible to implement a serotype-specific vaccination program. Considering that nowadays 'polyvalent live attenuated' is the only commercially available vaccination strategy to control the disease, field and vaccine strains of different serotypes could co-circulate. Additionally, in AHS-endemic countries, more than one serotype is often circulating at the same time. Therefore, a strategy to rapidly determine the virus serotype in an AHS-positive sample is strongly recommended in both epidemiological situations. The main objective of this study is to describe the development and validation of three triplex real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) methods for rapid AHSV serotype detection. Samples from recent AHS outbreaks in Kenia (2015-2017), Thailand (2020), and Nigeria (2023), and from the AHS outbreak in Spain (1987-1990), were included in the study for the validation of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Villalba
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 28110 Algete, Spain; (R.V.); (M.J.R.); (M.V.-L.); (A.L.-H.); (C.C.-G.)
| | | | - María José Ruano
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 28110 Algete, Spain; (R.V.); (M.J.R.); (M.V.-L.); (A.L.-H.); (C.C.-G.)
| | - Marta Valero-Lorenzo
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 28110 Algete, Spain; (R.V.); (M.J.R.); (M.V.-L.); (A.L.-H.); (C.C.-G.)
| | - Ana López-Herranz
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 28110 Algete, Spain; (R.V.); (M.J.R.); (M.V.-L.); (A.L.-H.); (C.C.-G.)
| | - Cristina Cano-Gómez
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 28110 Algete, Spain; (R.V.); (M.J.R.); (M.V.-L.); (A.L.-H.); (C.C.-G.)
| | - Montserrat Agüero
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 28110 Algete, Spain; (R.V.); (M.J.R.); (M.V.-L.); (A.L.-H.); (C.C.-G.)
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Acevedo AM, Postic L, Curiel M, Gondard M, Bréard E, Zientara S, Vorimore F, Tran ML, Turpaud M, Savini G, Lorusso A, Marcacci M, Vitour D, Dujardin P, Perera CL, Díaz C, Obret Y, Sailleau C. Detection, Characterization and Sequencing of BTV Serotypes Circulating in Cuba in 2022. Viruses 2024; 16:164. [PMID: 38275974 PMCID: PMC10819738 DOI: 10.3390/v16010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In Cuba, despite a high sero-prevalence of bluetongue virus (BTV), circulating serotypes remain unknown. The aim of this study was to identify circulating BTV serotypes in farms throughout the western region of Cuba. Blood samples were collected from 200 young cattle and sheep between May and July 2022 for virological analyses (PCR, viral isolation and virus neutralization) and genome sequencing. The results confirmed viral circulation, with viro-prevalence of 25% for BTV. The virus was isolated from 18 blood samples and twelve BTV serotypes were identified by sequencing RT-PCR products targeting the segment 2 of the BTV genome (BTV-1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 22 and 24). Finally, the full genome sequences of 17 Cuban BTV isolates were recovered using a Sequence Independent Single Primer Amplification (SISPA) approach combined to MinION Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology. All together, these results highlight the co-circulation of a wide diversity of BTV serotypes in a quite restricted area and emphasize the need for entomological and livestock surveillance, particularly in light of recent changes in the global distribution and nature of BTV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Acevedo
- National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), Carretera de Tapaste y Autopista Nacional, Apartado Postal 10, San José de las Lajas, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (A.M.A.); (M.C.); (C.L.P.); (C.D.); (Y.O.)
| | - Lydie Postic
- ANSES/INRAE/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virology, Laboratoire de santé animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France; (L.P.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (M.T.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Maray Curiel
- National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), Carretera de Tapaste y Autopista Nacional, Apartado Postal 10, San José de las Lajas, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (A.M.A.); (M.C.); (C.L.P.); (C.D.); (Y.O.)
| | - Mathilde Gondard
- ANSES/INRAE/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virology, Laboratoire de santé animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France; (L.P.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (M.T.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Emmanuel Bréard
- ANSES/INRAE/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virology, Laboratoire de santé animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France; (L.P.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (M.T.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Stéphan Zientara
- ANSES/INRAE/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virology, Laboratoire de santé animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France; (L.P.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (M.T.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Fabien Vorimore
- Genomics Platform IdentyPath, Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (F.V.); (M.-L.T.)
| | - Mai-Lan Tran
- Genomics Platform IdentyPath, Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (F.V.); (M.-L.T.)
| | - Mathilde Turpaud
- ANSES/INRAE/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virology, Laboratoire de santé animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France; (L.P.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (M.T.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Maurilia Marcacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Damien Vitour
- ANSES/INRAE/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virology, Laboratoire de santé animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France; (L.P.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (M.T.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Pascal Dujardin
- ANSES/INRAE/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virology, Laboratoire de santé animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France; (L.P.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (M.T.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Carmen Laura Perera
- National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), Carretera de Tapaste y Autopista Nacional, Apartado Postal 10, San José de las Lajas, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (A.M.A.); (M.C.); (C.L.P.); (C.D.); (Y.O.)
| | - Cristian Díaz
- National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), Carretera de Tapaste y Autopista Nacional, Apartado Postal 10, San José de las Lajas, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (A.M.A.); (M.C.); (C.L.P.); (C.D.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yalainne Obret
- National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), Carretera de Tapaste y Autopista Nacional, Apartado Postal 10, San José de las Lajas, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (A.M.A.); (M.C.); (C.L.P.); (C.D.); (Y.O.)
| | - Corinne Sailleau
- ANSES/INRAE/ENVA-UPEC, UMR 1161 Virology, Laboratoire de santé animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France; (L.P.); (M.G.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (M.T.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
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Kim HJ, Choi JG, Seong DS, Jeong JU, Kim HJ, Park SW, Yun SP, Roh IS. The First Report on the Complete Sequence Characterization of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 3 in the Republic of Korea. Vet Sci 2024; 11:29. [PMID: 38250935 PMCID: PMC10821305 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The bluetongue virus (BTV) is a significant animal pathogen with economic implications in the ruminant industry. Despite global reports on BTV detection and epidemiologic investigations, limited studies have focused on the virus in the ROK. In this study, BTV epidemiological research was conducted on blood samples from cattle and goat farms across nine regions during 2013-2014. The results showed that 3.33% of bovine blood samples (194/5824) and 0.19% of goat blood samples (2/1075) tested positive for BTV antibodies using ELISA. In Jeju-do, BTV RNA amplification occurred in 51 of 422 samples (12.1%) using real-time reverse transcription (RT-qPCR). The isolation of one sample revealed it as serotype 3, as indicated by the sequence of segments 2 (Seg-2) and 6 (Seg-6), associated with the eastern BTV topotype. However, based on Seg-1, -3, -4, -5, -7, -8, -9, and -10 analyses, the BTV-3/JJBB35 strain is more closely related to distinct BTV strains. These findings imply BTV circulation and that the Korean-isolated BTV might originate from Asian BTV strains due to multiple reassortment events. This study provides foundational data for ongoing BTV monitoring and disease-control policies in the ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jeong Kim
- Division of Foreign Animal Disease, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.)
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Central Scientific Instrumentation Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Choi
- Division of Foreign Animal Disease, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.)
| | - Da-Seul Seong
- Division of Foreign Animal Disease, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.)
| | - Jong-Uk Jeong
- Division of Foreign Animal Disease, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hye-Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soon Roh
- Division of Foreign Animal Disease, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.)
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Dalal A, Kakker NK, Chaudhary D, Kumar A, Maan NS, Maan S. Co-infection of bluetongue virus serotypes 12 and 16 in sheep from Haryana, India. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:635-641. [PMID: 38174092 PMCID: PMC10759771 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2023.1990376.3796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
World Organization for Animal Health has listed bluetongue (BT) under notifiable diseases. The BT is an arboviral infectious disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV). Southern states of India had remained the point of attention for BT since first presence in 1964 in Maharashtra. Recently, northern states of India have also been reported positive for BTV in small ruminants. The present study reported the dual infection of BTV serotypes, BTV-12 and -16 in sheep population from Sirsa district of Haryana in the year 2016. After detection and serotyping with Seg-2 specific real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the Seg-2 and Seg-6 of BTV were PCR amplified and sequenced. On phylogenetic analysis it was detected to be clustered in nucleotype G and nucleotype B specific for BTV-12 and BTV-16, respectively. This was the first report of BTV-16 from Haryana. The results signified the co-infection of two different serotypes in an animal from a single outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Dalal
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India;
| | - Naresh Kumar Kakker
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India;
| | - Deepika Chaudhary
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India;
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India;
| | - Narender Singh Maan
- Department of Animal Nutrition College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India.
| | - Sushila Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India;
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Portanti O, Thabet S, Abenza E, Ciarrocchi E, Pisciella M, Irelli R, Savini G, Hammami S, Pulsoni S, Casaccia C, Coetzee L, Marcacci M, Di Domenico M, Lorusso A. Development and validation of an RT-qPCR for detection and quantitation of emerging epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 8 RNA from field samples. J Virol Methods 2023; 321:114808. [PMID: 37690747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is a Culicoides-transmitted virus circulating in multiple serotypes. It has become a concern in the European Union as a novel strain of the serotype 8 (EHDV-8) of clear Northern African origin, has been recently discovered in symptomatic cattle in Italy (islands of Sardinia and Sicily), Spain, and Portugal. Current molecular typing methods targeting the S2 nucleotide sequences -coding for the outermost protein of the virion VP2- are not able to detect the novel emerging EHDV-8 strain as they enrolled the S2 sequence of the unique EHDV-8 reference strain isolated in Australia in 1982. Thus, in this study, we developed and validated a novel typing assay for the detection and quantitation of the novel EHDV-8 RNA from field samples, including blood of ruminants and insects. This molecular tool will certainly support EHDV-8 surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavio Portanti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Sarah Thabet
- Service de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Pathologie Générale, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, IRESA, Université de la Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Elena Abenza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Eugenia Ciarrocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Maura Pisciella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberta Irelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Salah Hammami
- Service de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Pathologie Générale, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, IRESA, Université de la Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Simone Pulsoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Claudia Casaccia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Lauren Coetzee
- Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), 24 Goethe Street, Private Bag 18137 Windhoek, Namibia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Maurilia Marcacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Marco Di Domenico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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8
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Carpenter M, Benavides Obon A, Kopanke J, Lee J, Reed K, Sherman T, Rodgers C, Stenglein M, McDermott E, Mayo C. In Situ Hybridization (RNAscope) Detection of Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 10 and 17 in Experimentally Co-Infected Culicoides sonorensis. Pathogens 2023; 12:1207. [PMID: 37887723 PMCID: PMC10609982 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a segmented, double-stranded RNA virus transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. Infection of domestic and wild ruminants with BTV can result in a devastating disease and significant economic losses. As a virus with a segmented genome, reassortment among the BTV serotypes that have co-infected a host may increase genetic diversity, which can alter BTV transmission dynamics and generate epizootic events. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of dissemination and characterize the tropism of BTV serotypes 10 and 17 in co-infected Culicoides sonorensis. Midges were exposed to both BTV serotypes via blood meal and processed for histologic slides 10 days after infection. An in situ hybridization approach was employed using the RNAscope platform to detect the nucleic acid segment 2 of both serotypes. Observations of the mosaic patterns in which serotypes did not often overlap suggest that co-infection at the cellular level may not be abundant with these two serotypes in C. sonorensis. This could be a consequence of superinfection exclusion. Understanding BTV co-infection and its biological consequences will add an important dimension to the modeling of viral evolution and emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Carpenter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (K.R.); (C.R.); (M.S.)
| | - AnaMario Benavides Obon
- Diagnostic Medicine Center, Colorado State University, 2450 Gillette Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (A.B.O.); (T.S.)
| | - Jennifer Kopanke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Justin Lee
- Genomic Sequencing Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA;
| | - Kirsten Reed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (K.R.); (C.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Tyler Sherman
- Diagnostic Medicine Center, Colorado State University, 2450 Gillette Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (A.B.O.); (T.S.)
| | - Case Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (K.R.); (C.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Mark Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (K.R.); (C.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Emily McDermott
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Christie Mayo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (K.R.); (C.R.); (M.S.)
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9
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Bréard E, Postic L, Gondard M, Bernelin-Cottet C, Le Roux A, Turpaud M, Lucas P, Blanchard Y, Vitour D, Bakkali-Kassimi L, Zientara S, Al Rawahi W, Sailleau C. Circulation of Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 1, 4, 8, 10 and 16 and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in the Sultanate of Oman in 2020-2021. Viruses 2023; 15:1259. [PMID: 37376559 DOI: 10.3390/v15061259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The circulation of Bluetongue (BT) and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD) in the Middle East has already been reported following serological analyses carried out since the 1980s, mostly on wild ruminants. Thus, an EHD virus (EHDV) strain was isolated in Bahrain in 1983 (serotype 6), and more recently, BT virus (BTV) serotypes 1, 4, 8 and 16 have been isolated in Oman. To our knowledge, no genomic sequence of these different BTV strains have been published. These same BTV or EHDV serotypes have circulated and, for some of them, are still circulating in the Mediterranean basin and/or in Europe. In this study, we used samples from domestic ruminant herds collected in Oman in 2020 and 2021 for suspected foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) to investigate the presence of BTV and EHDV in these herds. Sera and whole blood from goats, sheep and cattle were tested for the presence of viral genomes (by PCR) and antibodies (by ELISA). We were able to confirm the presence of 5 BTV serotypes (1, 4, 8, 10 and 16) and the circulation of EHDV in this territory in 2020 and 2021. The isolation of a BTV-8 strain allowed us to sequence its entire genome and to compare it with another BTV-8 strain isolated in Mayotte and with homologous BTV sequences available on GenBank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Bréard
- UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE, INRA, ENVA, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Paris Est University, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Lydie Postic
- UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE, INRA, ENVA, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Paris Est University, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Mathilde Gondard
- UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE, INRA, ENVA, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Paris Est University, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cindy Bernelin-Cottet
- UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE, INRA, ENVA, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Paris Est University, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Aurélie Le Roux
- Laboratory of Ploufragan, ANSES, Unit of Viral Genetics and Biosafety, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Mathilde Turpaud
- UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE, INRA, ENVA, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Paris Est University, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pierrick Lucas
- Laboratory of Ploufragan, ANSES, Unit of Viral Genetics and Biosafety, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Yannick Blanchard
- Laboratory of Ploufragan, ANSES, Unit of Viral Genetics and Biosafety, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Damien Vitour
- UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE, INRA, ENVA, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Paris Est University, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Labib Bakkali-Kassimi
- UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE, INRA, ENVA, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Paris Est University, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stéphan Zientara
- UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE, INRA, ENVA, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Paris Est University, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Wafaa Al Rawahi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat P.C. 123, Oman
- Central Laboratory of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth and Water Resources, Muscat P.C. 100, Oman
| | - Corinne Sailleau
- UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE, INRA, ENVA, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Paris Est University, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
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10
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Şevik M. Epidemiology of bluetongue virus infection among small ruminants in Turkey: Seroprevalence and associated risk factors. Prev Vet Med 2023; 213:105871. [PMID: 36801648 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) is an endemic disease of small ruminants in Turkey, and it has substantial socio-economic impact at national level. To reduce this impact, vaccination has been used for the control of BT but sporadic outbreaks have been reported. Although sheep and goat farming plays an important role in rural communities, little is known about the BT epidemiological situation in small ruminants in Turkey. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of the bluetongue virus (BTV) and to identify the potential risk factors associated with BTV seropositivity in small ruminants. This study was conducted in the Antalya Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, from June 2018 to June 2019. A total of 1026 blood samples, from clinically healthy goats (n = 517) and sheep (n = 509), obtained from randomly selected unvaccinated flocks (n = 100) were tested for BTV anti-VP7 antibodies by using a competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test. A questionnaire was administered to the flock owners to obtain data related to sampled flocks and animals. At the animal level, the true prevalence of BTV antibodies was 74.2% (n = 651/1026, 95% CI = 70.7-77.7) with 85.3% (n = 370/509, 95% CI = 80.6-89.9) seropositive sheep and 63.3% (n = 281/517, 95% CI = 58.2-68.4) seropositive goats. The true flock-level seroprevalence of BTV was higher in goats (100.0%, 95% CI = 92.8-100.0) than in sheep (98.8%, 95% CI = 86.6-100.0). The intra-flock seroprevalence within seropositive flocks varied between 36.4% and 100%, with a mean value of 85.5% and 61.9% in sheep and goat flocks, respectively. The logistic regression model revealed that odds of seropositivity for sheep were significantly higher in female animals (OR: 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1-2.9), animals older than 24 months old (OR: 5.8, 95% CI = 3.1-10.8), Pirlak breed (OR: 3.3, 95% CI = 1.1-10.0) and Merino breed (OR: 4.9, 95% CI = 1.6-14.9), whereas for goats, it was higher in female animals (OR: 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0-2.6), animals older than 24 months old (OR: 4.2, 95% CI = 2.7-6.6) and Hair breed (OR: 5.6, 95% CI = 2.8-10.9). The use of insecticides was identified as a protective factor. The present study revealed that BTV infection is widespread in sheep and goats in the Antalya Province. It is recommended to implement biosecurity measures in flocks and use insecticides to mitigate the spread of infection and contact between hosts and vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Şevik
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Ereğli, 42310 Konya, Turkey.
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11
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Yang Z, He Y, Meng J, Li N, Wang J. Full-genome characterisation of a putative novel serotype of Yonaguni orbivirus isolated from cattle in Yunnan province, China. Virus Genes 2023; 59:223-233. [PMID: 36441333 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In July 2019, a novel viral strain (JH2019C603) was isolated from sentinel cattle in Jinghong City, in the subtropical region of Yunnan Province, China. The virus replicated and caused cytopathological effects in both Aedes albopictus (C6/36) and Baby Hamster Syrian Kidney (BHK-21) cells. Agarose gel electrophoresis analysis revealed a viral genome comprised of 10 segments of double-stranded RNA, with a 1-2-2-1-1-1-1-1 migration pattern. Complete genome sequences of the JH2019C603 virus were determined through full-length cDNA amplification. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid (aa) sequences of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (Pol), Major subcore (T2) and Major core-surface (T13) showed that JH2019C603 clustered with Yonaguni orbivirus (YONOV) from Japan, with aa identities relative to YONOV of 97.7% (Pol), 99.0% (T2) and 98.5% (T13). However, phylogenetic analysis based on the aa sequences of the outer capsid protein one and two (OC1 and OC2) showed that JH2019C603 formed an independent branch in the phylogenetic tree, and its aa identity with YONOV was only 55.4% (OC1) and 80.8% (OC2), respectively. Compared with the prototype of YONOV, a notable sequence deletion was observed in the 3' non-coding region of NS1, with the NS1 of JH2019C603 encoded within segment 7 (Seg-7), in contrast to YONOV, which contains NS1 in Seg-6. These results indicate that JH2019C603 belongs to the YONOV lineage and might be a novel serotype or a highly variant strain of YONOV. These findings will facilitate the identification of new isolates and clarify their geographical distribution, epidemiology, genetic diversity and possible disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yuwen He
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jinxin Meng
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Nan Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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12
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Identification and characterization of bluetongue virus in Culicoides spp. and clinically healthy livestock in southeastern Kazakhstan. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Establishment of an Immunological Method for Detection of Bluetongue Virus by Fluorescence-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0142922. [PMID: 36154153 PMCID: PMC9603108 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01429-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) is a severe noncontagious infectious disease that occurs in sheep and wild ruminants but occasionally also in cattle and camels. The worldwide BT pandemic has had a significant impact on global livestock production. Rapid detection helps prevent outbreaks of bluetongue disease. Fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) labeled with quantum dots (QDs) is typically used for detection due to its high sensitivity. There has been no reported detection of BT virus (BTV) using QD-based fluorescence immunoassays. In this study, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against BT were prepared by immunizing BALB/c mice with recombinant VP7 protein. Two MAbs with high sensitivity and specificity were selected as the detection antibody (2F11) and capture antibody (11B7). Then, the detection antibody was coupled with QDs to prepare QD-MAb fluorescence probes. Fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay is highly specific, detecting only VP7 protein/BTV, and did not show any nonspecific reactions with other reoviruses. The detection limit of VP7 protein was 3.91 ng/mL using fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 15%. The establishment of rapid, sensitive direct FLISA has potential for bluetongue virus detection and control of BT vaccine quality. IMPORTANCE Bluetongue virus causes the severe infectious disease BT. BTV has many serotypes, and there is no cross-protection among different serotypes. BT is listed as a notifiable animal infectious disease by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and occurs throughout the world, causing significant economic losses. The establishment of a fast and effective detection method is the key to controlling and preventing this disease. Current methods for detecting BTV mainly include reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and immunochromatographic strips that are based on antigen-antibody recognition. Immunoassays are most commonly used because of their low cost, high specificity, and fast analysis, making them particularly useful for routine monitoring. These conventional detection strategies for BTV have some drawbacks. Recently, FLISA has been drawing attention due to its sensitivity, which is higher than traditional immunoassays. Fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assays (FLISA) using fluorescent materials as labels overcome ELISA's disadvantage of being time-consuming.
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14
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Gahn MCB, Seck MT, Ciss M, Lo MM, Ndiaye M, Fall M, Biteye B, Sailleau C, Viarouge C, Postic L, Zientara S, Bréard E, Fall AG. Insight on Bluetongue virus transmission in small ruminants in Senegal. Acta Trop 2022; 232:106487. [PMID: 35487295 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious, arthropod-borne viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. The disease causes animal mortality, production decrease and commercial limits for herds. Despite the active circulation of the disease in the world, few studies have been carried out in Senegal. The objective of this study was to assess the current prevalence of BT in small ruminants and the serotypes circulating in Senegal. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the fourteen regions of Senegal. After the sampling campaign, sera collected in sheep and goats herds were screened for the presence of Bluetongue virus (BTV) specific antibodies using c-Elisa. The whole blood of seropositive animals was further analyzed by RT-qPCR and positive samples were typed to identify BTV serotypes. Analysis of several risk factors such as age, sex and species of animals was performed using logistic regression. The overall seroprevalence of BTV in Senegal was 72.6% (95% CI: 70.3-74.9%) with 75.9% (95% CI: 72.2-79.5%) in goat and 70.6% (95% CI: 67.5-73.6%) in sheep. Female (prevalence=77.1%) and adult (prevalence=80%) animals showed the highest seropositivity to BTV compared respectively to male (55.7%, p=6.133e-09) and young (49.4%, p < 2.2e-16). The RT-qPCR results showed the presence of BT viral genome in 359 small ruminants. The results obtained from serological and genotyping studies showed an active spread of the Bluetongue virus in domestic ruminants and phylogenetic analysis showed that the BTV-2 is one of the circulating serotypes in Senegal. This study allows having baseline information for controlling Bluetongue in Senegal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cicille Ba Gahn
- Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, BP: 2057 Dakar-Hann, Sénégal.
| | - Momar Talla Seck
- Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, BP: 2057 Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Mamadou Ciss
- Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, BP: 2057 Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Modou Moustapha Lo
- Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, BP: 2057 Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Mbengué Ndiaye
- Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, BP: 2057 Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Moussa Fall
- Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, BP: 2057 Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Biram Biteye
- Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, BP: 2057 Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Corinne Sailleau
- UMR Virologie, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Laboratoire de santé animale, Université Paris-Est, Maison Alfort 94700, France
| | - Cyril Viarouge
- UMR Virologie, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Laboratoire de santé animale, Université Paris-Est, Maison Alfort 94700, France
| | - Lydie Postic
- UMR Virologie, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Laboratoire de santé animale, Université Paris-Est, Maison Alfort 94700, France
| | - Stéphan Zientara
- UMR Virologie, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Laboratoire de santé animale, Université Paris-Est, Maison Alfort 94700, France
| | - Emmanuel Bréard
- UMR Virologie, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Laboratoire de santé animale, Université Paris-Est, Maison Alfort 94700, France
| | - Assane Gueye Fall
- Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, BP: 2057 Dakar-Hann, Sénégal.
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15
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Kirkland PD, Farrugia B, Frost MJ, Zhang C, Finlaison DS. Multiplexed serotype-specific real time PCR assays - a valuable tool to support large scale surveillance for bluetongue virus infection. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2590-e2601. [PMID: 35621508 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, real time PCR has been increasingly adopted for bluetongue diagnosis with both broadly reactive and serotype-specific assays widely used. The use of these assays and nucleic acid sequencing technologies have enhanced bluetongue virus detection, resulting in the identification of a number of new serotypes. As a result, 27 different serotypes are officially recognised and at least 3 more are proposed. Rapid identification of the virus serotype is essential for matching of antigens used in vaccines and to undertake surveillance and epidemiological studies to assist risk management. However, it is not uncommon for multiple serotypes to circulate in a region either concurrently or in successive years. It is therefore necessary to have a large suite of assays available to ensure that the full spectrum of viruses is detected. Nevertheless, covering a large range of virus serotypes is demanding from both a time and resource perspective. To overcome these challenges, real time PCR assays were optimised to match local virus strains and then combined in a panel of quadriplex assays, resulting in 3 assays to detect 12 serotypes directly from blood samples from cattle and sheep. These multiplex assays have been used extensively for bluetongue surveillance in both sentinel animals and opportunistically collected samples. A protocol to adapt these assays to capture variations in local strains of bluetongue virus and to expand the panel is described. Collectively these assays provide powerful tools for surveillance and the rapid identification of bluetongue virus serotypes directly from animal blood samples. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Kirkland
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Woodbridge Rd, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - B Farrugia
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Woodbridge Rd, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - M J Frost
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Woodbridge Rd, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - C Zhang
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Woodbridge Rd, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - D S Finlaison
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Woodbridge Rd, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
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16
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Riga F, Mandas L, Putzu N, Murgia A. Reintroductions of the Corsican Red Deer (Cervus elaphus corsicanus): Conservation Projects and Sanitary Risk. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12080980. [PMID: 35454227 PMCID: PMC9025293 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Corsican red deer is an endangered subspecies that needs artificial translocation projects to gain its complete recovery with the formation of viable, interconnected populations. Between 2007 and 2017, we performed two reintroduction projects in four sites in central–eastern Sardinia via tracking 32 deer by means of GPS/GSM radiotelemetry. On the basis of the obtained results, we built a species distribution model (SDM) using MaxEnt software, selecting 200 random points from the merged deer core areas as presence data. Furthermore, to evaluate the sanitary risk linked to artificial translocations, we analyzed deer positivity to Bluetongue virus (BTV) in the founder populations. The SDM showed a high deer capability to colonize central–eastern Sardinia, but it also showed the possibility of spreading BTV to domestic sheep because sanitary analyses confirmed the virus’ presence in the founder populations. Our main conclusion was that reintroductions are effective tools for the long-term conservation of the Corsican red deer, as long as sanitary risks are minimized by means of sanitary monitoring of translocated deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Riga
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Nicola Putzu
- Agenzia Forestas, Actual Address Strada Fortino, 53, 14100 Asti, Italy;
| | - Andrea Murgia
- Agenzia Forestas, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (L.M.); (A.M.)
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17
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Behar A, Friedgut O, Rotenberg D, Zalesky O, Izhaki O, Yulzary A, Rot A, Wolkomirsky R, Zamir L, Hmd F, Brenner J. Insights on Transmission, Spread, and Possible Endemization of Selected Arboviruses in Israel—Interim Results from Five-Year Surveillance. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020065. [PMID: 35202318 PMCID: PMC8878003 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses that infect livestock impact the health and welfare of domestic and wild animals are often responsible for significant economic losses in livestock production. Surveillance and early warning systems effectively predict the emergence and re-emergence of arboviral disease. This paper presents the interim results of five years monitoring the exposure of sentinel naïve heifers and Culicoides biting midges (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae) to bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), Simbu serogroup viruses, bluetongue viruses (BTV), and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses (EHDV). The data were collected from 11 dairy farms situated within eight different geographical regions in Israel. The results indicate that cattle in Israel are affected by all four viruses from the early summer onward. The investigated viruses exhibit unique site-specific profiles in both ruminants and vectors. The potential of several vectors to transmit these viruses and lack of cross-protection to re-infection with multiple serotypes (BTV and EHDV) or species (Simbu serogroup viruses) highlights some likely mechanisms that may play a role in these viruses’ maintenance cycle and possible endemization in our region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Behar
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (O.F.); (D.R.); (O.Z.); (O.I.); (A.Y.); (A.R.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Orly Friedgut
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (O.F.); (D.R.); (O.Z.); (O.I.); (A.Y.); (A.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Ditza Rotenberg
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (O.F.); (D.R.); (O.Z.); (O.I.); (A.Y.); (A.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Olga Zalesky
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (O.F.); (D.R.); (O.Z.); (O.I.); (A.Y.); (A.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Omer Izhaki
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (O.F.); (D.R.); (O.Z.); (O.I.); (A.Y.); (A.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Amit Yulzary
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (O.F.); (D.R.); (O.Z.); (O.I.); (A.Y.); (A.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Asael Rot
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (O.F.); (D.R.); (O.Z.); (O.I.); (A.Y.); (A.R.); (J.B.)
| | | | - Lior Zamir
- Veterinary Field Services, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (R.W.); (L.Z.); (F.H.)
| | - Faris Hmd
- Veterinary Field Services, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (R.W.); (L.Z.); (F.H.)
| | - Jacob Brenner
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (O.F.); (D.R.); (O.Z.); (O.I.); (A.Y.); (A.R.); (J.B.)
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18
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Murota K, Ishii K, Mekaru Y, Araki M, Suda Y, Shirafuji H, Kobayashi D, Isawa H, Yanase T. Isolation of Culicoides- and Mosquito-Borne Orbiviruses in the Southwestern Islands of Japan Between 2014 and 2019. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:796-808. [PMID: 34463150 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2021.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulation of arboviruses in livestock ruminants has often gone unrecognized owing to the fact that a significant percentage of arboviruses probably induce subclinical infections and/or negligible symptoms in infected animals. To determine the current situation of arbovirus circulation in the Yaeyama Islands, attempts to isolate viruses from bovine blood samples collected between 2014 and 2019 have been made. In total, 308 blood samples were collected during the study period, and 43 of them induced cytopathic effects (CPEs) in cell cultures. The identification of the CPE agents was performed by reported RT-PCR assays and a high-throughput analysis with a next-generation sequencing platform. The obtained viruses consisted of an orthobunyavirus (Peaton virus), Culicoides-borne orbiviruses (bluetongue virus serotypes 12 and 16, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus [EHDV] serotypes 5, 6, and 7, D'Aguilar virus, and Bunyip Creek virus), and potential mosquito-borne orbiviruses (Yunnan orbivirus, Guangxi orbivirus, and Yonaguni orbivirus). Most of the orbiviruses were recovered from washed blood cells with mosquito cell cultures, suggesting that this combination was more efficient than other combinations such as plasma/blood cells and hamster cell lines. This marked the first time that the isolation of EHDV serotypes 5 and 6 and three potential mosquito-borne orbiviruses was recorded in Japan, showing a greater variety of orbiviruses on the islands than previously known. Genetic analysis of the isolated orbiviruses suggested that the Yaeyama Islands and its neighboring regions were epidemiologically related. Some of the viruses, especially the potential mosquito-borne orbiviruses, were isolated during several consecutive years, indicating their establishment on the islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Murota
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Uruma, Japan
| | - Yuji Mekaru
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Uruma, Japan
| | - Miho Araki
- Yaeyama Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Ishigaki, Japan
| | - Yuto Suda
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
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19
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Ropiak HM, King S, Busquets MG, Newbrook K, Pullinger GD, Brown H, Flannery J, Gubbins S, Batten C, Rajko-Nenow P, Darpel KE. Identification of a BTV-Strain-Specific Single Gene That Increases Culicoides Vector Infection Rate. Viruses 2021; 13:1781. [PMID: 34578362 PMCID: PMC8472919 DOI: 10.3390/v13091781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 2000s, the distribution of bluetongue virus (BTV) has changed, leading to numerous epidemics and economic losses in Europe. Previously, we found a BTV-4 field strain with a higher infection rate of a Culicoides vector than a BTV-1 field strain has. We reverse-engineered parental BTV-1 and BTV-4 strains and created BTV-1/BTV-4 reassortants to elucidate the influence of individual BTV segments on BTV replication in both C. sonorensis midges and in KC cells. Substitution of segment 2 (Seg-2) with Seg-2 from the rBTV-4 significantly increased vector infection rate in reassortant BTV-14S2 (30.4%) in comparison to reverse-engineered rBTV-1 (1.0%). Replacement of Seg-2, Seg-6 and Seg-7 with those from rBTV-1 in reassortant BTV-41S2S6S7 (2.9%) decreased vector infection rate in comparison to rBTV-4 (30.2%). However, triple-reassorted BTV-14S2S6S7 only replicated to comparatively low levels (3.0%), despite containing Seg-2, Seg-6 and Seg-7 from rBTV-4, indicating that vector infection rate is influenced by interactions of multiple segments and/or host-mediated amino acid substitutions within segments. Overall, these results demonstrated that we could utilize reverse-engineered viruses to identify the genetic basis influencing BTV replication within Culicoides vectors. However, BTV replication dynamics in KC cells were not suitable for predicting the replication ability of these virus strains in Culicoides midges.
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20
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Saminathan M, Singh KP, Khorajiya JH, Dinesh M, Vineetha S, Maity M, Rahman AF, Misri J, Malik YS, Gupta VK, Singh RK, Dhama K. An updated review on bluetongue virus: epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control with special reference to India. Vet Q 2021; 40:258-321. [PMID: 33003985 PMCID: PMC7655031 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1831708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) is an economically important, non-contagious viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. BT is caused by BT virus (BTV) and it belongs to the genus Orbivirus and family Reoviridae. BTV is transmitted by Culicoides midges and causes clinical disease in sheep, white-tailed deer, pronghorn antelope, bighorn sheep, and subclinical manifestation in cattle, goats and camelids. BT is a World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) listed multispecies disease and causes great socio-economic losses. To date, 28 serotypes of BTV have been reported worldwide and 23 serotypes have been reported from India. Transplacental transmission (TPT) and fetal abnormalities in ruminants had been reported with cell culture adopted live-attenuated vaccine strains of BTV. However, emergence of BTV-8 in Europe during 2006, confirmed TPT of wild-type/field strains of BTV. Diagnosis of BT is more important for control of disease and to ensure BTV-free trade of animals and their products. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, agar gel immunodiffusion assay and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are found to be sensitive and OIE recommended tests for diagnosis of BTV for international trade. Control measures include mass vaccination (most effective method), serological and entomological surveillance, forming restriction zones and sentinel programs. Major hindrances with control of BT in India are the presence of multiple BTV serotypes, high density of ruminant and vector populations. A pentavalent inactivated, adjuvanted vaccine is administered currently in India to control BT. Recombinant vaccines with DIVA strategies are urgently needed to combat this disease. This review is the first to summarise the seroprevalence of BTV in India for 40 years, economic impact and pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Saminathan
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Murali Dinesh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sobharani Vineetha
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhulina Maity
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - At Faslu Rahman
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Misri
- Animal Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Director, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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21
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Fay PC, Mohd Jaafar F, Batten C, Attoui H, Saunders K, Lomonossoff GP, Reid E, Horton D, Maan S, Haig D, Daly JM, Mertens PPC. Serological Cross-Reactions between Expressed VP2 Proteins from Different Bluetongue Virus Serotypes. Viruses 2021; 13:1455. [PMID: 34452321 PMCID: PMC8402635 DOI: 10.3390/v13081455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) is a severe and economically important disease of ruminants that is widely distributed around the world, caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV). More than 28 different BTV serotypes have been identified in serum neutralisation tests (SNT), which, along with geographic variants (topotypes) within each serotype, reflect differences in BTV outer-capsid protein VP2. VP2 is the primary target for neutralising antibodies, although the basis for cross-reactions and serological variations between and within BTV serotypes is poorly understood. Recombinant BTV VP2 proteins (rVP2) were expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, based on sequence data for isolates of thirteen BTV serotypes (primarily from Europe), including three 'novel' serotypes (BTV-25, -26 and -27) and alternative topotypes of four serotypes. Cross-reactions within and between these viruses were explored using rabbit anti-rVP2 sera and post BTV-infection sheep reference-antisera, in I-ELISA (with rVP2 target antigens) and SNT (with reference strains of BTV-1 to -24, -26 and -27). Strong reactions were generally detected with homologous rVP2 proteins or virus strains/serotypes. The sheep antisera were largely serotype-specific in SNT, but more cross-reactive by ELISA. Rabbit antisera were more cross-reactive in SNT, and showed widespread, high titre cross-reactions against homologous and heterologous rVP2 proteins in ELISA. Results were analysed and visualised by antigenic cartography, showing closer relationships in some, but not all cases, between VP2 topotypes within the same serotype, and between serotypes belonging to the same 'VP2 nucleotype'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C. Fay
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (P.C.F.); (E.R.); (D.H.); (J.M.D.)
- The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, Woking GU24 ONF, UK;
| | - Fauziah Mohd Jaafar
- UMR VIROLOGIE 1161, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (F.M.J.); (H.A.)
| | - Carrie Batten
- The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, Woking GU24 ONF, UK;
| | - Houssam Attoui
- UMR VIROLOGIE 1161, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (F.M.J.); (H.A.)
| | - Keith Saunders
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (K.S.); (G.P.L.)
| | - George P. Lomonossoff
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (K.S.); (G.P.L.)
| | - Elizabeth Reid
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (P.C.F.); (E.R.); (D.H.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Daniel Horton
- Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Sushila Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India;
| | - David Haig
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (P.C.F.); (E.R.); (D.H.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Janet M. Daly
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (P.C.F.); (E.R.); (D.H.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Peter P. C. Mertens
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (P.C.F.); (E.R.); (D.H.); (J.M.D.)
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22
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Yang H, Gu W, Li Z, Zhang L, Liao D, Song J, Shi B, Hasimu J, Li Z, Yang Z, Zhong Q, Li H. Novel putative bluetongue virus serotype 29 isolated from inapparently infected goat in Xinjiang of China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:2543-2555. [PMID: 33190404 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the 'type' species of the genus Orbivirus causing bluetongue (BT) in sheep, bovine and other ruminants. Twenty-four serotypes and several atypical serotypes of BTV were identified worldwide. In present study, a novel strain of BTV (V196/XJ/2014) was isolated from an asymptomatic sentinel goat in Yuli County, Xinjiang of China. Serotype identification of this isolate exhibited uniform negative results by serotype-specific conventional RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR for BTV-1 to BTV-27, and virus neutralization tests using reference sera of BTV-1 to BTV-24. Genomic analysis showed V196/XJ/2014 grouped with atypical serotypes of BTV-25 to BTV-28, BTV-X/XJ1407, BTV-X/ITL2015 and BTV-Y/TUN2017, while segment 2 and VP2 protein of V196/XJ/2014 shared <63.4%/61.4% nucleic acids and amino acids sequence identities with other recognized BTV serotypes and its segment 2 formed a separate 'nucleotype' in phylogenetic tree. These results indicated V196/XJ/2014 does not belong to any reported serotypes of BTV. Further studies of infectivity and pathogenicity showed that goats infected with V196/XJ/2014 did not exhibit observed clinical symptoms, but high level of virus amplification and homologous neutralization antibodies were detected post-infection. Our studies suggested a novel putative serotype of BTV-29 was isolated in Xinjiang of China, which expands our knowledge about the diversity of BTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wenxi Gu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhanhong Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Defang Liao
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jianling Song
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Baoxin Shi
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiapaer Hasimu
- Yuli Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Yuli, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Huachun Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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23
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Wang A, Yin J, Zhou J, Ma H, Chen Y, Liu H, Qi Y, Liang C, Liu Y, Li J, Zhang G. Soluble expression and purification of Bluetongue Virus Type 1 (BTV1) structure protein VP2 in Escherichia coli and its immunogenicity in mice. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10543. [PMID: 33505791 PMCID: PMC7789859 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The VP2 on the surface of the virus particle is the main structural protein of BTV, which can induce the host to produce neutralizing antibodies and play an important role in the antiviral immunity process. This study aimed to obtain the soluble VP2 and analyze its immunogenicity. Methods The gene encoding the full-length VP2 of BTV1 was amplified by PCR. The products from restriction enzyme digestion and ligase reaction between VP2 and vector pET-28a were transformed into E.coli DH5α. After PCR and sequencing detection, the positive plasmid PET28a-VP2 was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) and Rosetta(DE3) competent cells, expression induced by IPTG. The fusion protein was expressed in the optimized conditions with the induction of IPTG, purified by affinity chromatography and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. A total of 5 Balb/c mice aged 6–8 weeks were immunized with the fusion protein at a dose of 30 µg per mouse. Each mouse was immunized three times at an interval of 3 weeks. Results The recombinant plasmid PET28a-VP2 was successfully constructed. The expression strains were induced by 0.4 mmol/L IPTG at 16 °C for 10 h, and BTV1 VP2 was expressed in a soluble form. The purity of the recombinant VP2 protein (∼109 kDa) was about 90% in the concentration at 0.2 mg/ml afterpurification. The purified VP2 had good immunoreactivity with BTV1 positive serum. Taken together, thisstudy offered a route for producing soluble BTV VP2, which retains activity and immunogenicity, to bebeneficial to the research on developing BTV vaccine, and lay the foundation for further research on BTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Wang
- Zhengzhou University, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, PR China
| | - Jiajia Yin
- Zhengzhou University, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, PR China
| | - Jingming Zhou
- Zhengzhou University, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, PR China
| | - Hongfang Ma
- Zhengzhou University, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, PR China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Zhengzhou University, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, PR China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Zhengzhou University, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, PR China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Zhengzhou University, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, PR China
| | - Chao Liang
- Zhengzhou University, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, PR China
| | - Yankai Liu
- Zhengzhou University, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, PR China
| | - Jinge Li
- Zhengzhou University, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, PR China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Zhengzhou University, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, PR China
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24
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Gong QL, Wang Q, Yang XY, Li DL, Zhao B, Ge GY, Zong Y, Li JM, Leng X, Shi K, Liu F, Du R. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of the Bluetongue Virus in Cattle in China From 1988 to 2019: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:550381. [PMID: 33634178 PMCID: PMC7901971 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.550381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bluetongue caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV) is a non-contagious and an insect-borne disease mainly affecting domestic and wild ruminants. Bluetongue in cattle is associated with vesicular lesions, weight loss, low milk production, and low reproductive capacity. It should not be ignored as it is associated with large economic losses to the livestock breeding industry in China. Although many studies have investigated bluetongue virus infection in cattle, no nationwide study on the prevalence of bluetongue virus infection in cattle from China has yet been conducted. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors for bluetongue in cattle. Results: We collected 50 publications from 1988 to 2019 through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Chinese Web of Knowledge (CNKI), VIP Chinese journal database, and Wanfang database. A total of the pooled bluetongue seroprevalence of 12.2% (5,332/87,472) in cattle was tested. The point estimate of bluetongue collected from 2001 to 2011 was 22.5% (95% CI: 1.2-58.9), which was higher than after 2012 (9.9%, 95% CI: 3.3-19.4). The analysis of the feeding model subgroup revealed that the seroprevalence of bluetongue was significantly higher (P < 0.05) among free-range cattle (22.5%; 95% CI: 7.7-42.3) than among cattle from intensive farming systems (1.8%; 95% CI: 0.0-6.7). The seroprevalence of bluetongue in different species showed significant variation (P < 0.05), with the highest seroprevalence of 39.8% (95% CI: 18.7-63.0) in buffalo and the lowest seroprevalence of 4.3% (95% CI: 1.2-9.0) in yak. In the zoogeographical division subgroup, the seroprevalence of bluetongue correlated positively within a certain range with the species distribution of Culicoides. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that bluetongue was prevalent in cattle in China. In addition, the contact with sheep, other ruminants, or transmission media such as Culicoides may increase the seroprevalence of bluetongue disease in cattle. It is necessary to carry out continuous monitoring of the bluetongue seroprevalence. Moreover, comprehensive and improved strategies and measures should be implemented to prevent and control the spread of bluetongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Long Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue-Yao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong-Li Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Yang Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zong
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Leng
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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25
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Chambaro HM, Sasaki M, Simulundu E, Silwamba I, Sinkala Y, Gonzalez G, Squarre D, Fandamu P, Lubaba CH, Munyeme M, Maseko A, Chimvwele C, Mataa L, Mooya LE, Mukubesa AN, Harima H, Samui KL, Munang’andu HM, Simuunza M, Nalubamba KS, Qiu Y, Carr MJ, Hall WW, Eshita Y, Sawa H, Orba Y. Co-Circulation of Multiple Serotypes of Bluetongue Virus in Zambia. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090963. [PMID: 32878170 PMCID: PMC7552058 DOI: 10.3390/v12090963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) is an arthropod-borne viral disease of ruminants with serious trade and socio-economic implications. Although the disease has been reported in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa, there is currently no information on circulating serotypes and disease distribution in Zambia. Following surveillance for BT in domestic and wild ruminants in Zambia, BT virus (BTV) nucleic acid and antibodies were detected in eight of the 10 provinces of the country. About 40% (87/215) of pooled blood samples from cattle and goats were positive for BTV nucleic acid, while one hartebeest pool (1/43) was positive among wildlife samples. Sequence analysis of segment 2 revealed presence of serotypes 3, 5, 7, 12 and 15, with five nucleotypes (B, E, F, G and J) being identified. Segment 10 phylogeny showed Zambian BTV sequences clustering with Western topotype strains from South Africa, intimating likely transboundary spread of BTV in Southern Africa. Interestingly, two Zambian viruses and one isolate from Israel formed a novel clade, which we designated as Western topotype 4. The high seroprevalence (96.2%) in cattle from Lusaka and Central provinces and co-circulation of multiple serotypes showed that BT is widespread, underscoring the need for prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman M. Chambaro
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (H.H.); (H.S.)
- Virology Unit, Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.S.); (P.F.); (C.H.L.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (H.M.C.); (E.S.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-80-1375-4174 (H.M.C.); +26-09-7746-9479 (E.S.); +81-11-706-5185 (Y.O.)
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (H.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (I.S.); (M.M.); (A.N.M.); (K.L.S.); (M.S.); (K.S.N.)
- Macha Research Trust, Choma 10101, Zambia
- Correspondence: (H.M.C.); (E.S.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-80-1375-4174 (H.M.C.); +26-09-7746-9479 (E.S.); +81-11-706-5185 (Y.O.)
| | - Isaac Silwamba
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (I.S.); (M.M.); (A.N.M.); (K.L.S.); (M.S.); (K.S.N.)
| | - Yona Sinkala
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.S.); (P.F.); (C.H.L.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, Dublin DO4V1W8, Ireland; (G.G.); (M.J.C.); (W.W.H.)
| | - David Squarre
- The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK;
- Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Chilanga 10101, Zambia
| | - Paul Fandamu
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.S.); (P.F.); (C.H.L.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Caesar H. Lubaba
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.S.); (P.F.); (C.H.L.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Musso Munyeme
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (I.S.); (M.M.); (A.N.M.); (K.L.S.); (M.S.); (K.S.N.)
| | - Alikhadio Maseko
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.S.); (P.F.); (C.H.L.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Choopa Chimvwele
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.S.); (P.F.); (C.H.L.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Liywalii Mataa
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.S.); (P.F.); (C.H.L.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Lynnfield E. Mooya
- Virology Unit, Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.S.); (P.F.); (C.H.L.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Andrew N. Mukubesa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (I.S.); (M.M.); (A.N.M.); (K.L.S.); (M.S.); (K.S.N.)
| | - Hayato Harima
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (H.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Kenny L. Samui
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (I.S.); (M.M.); (A.N.M.); (K.L.S.); (M.S.); (K.S.N.)
| | - Hetron M. Munang’andu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Martin Simuunza
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (I.S.); (M.M.); (A.N.M.); (K.L.S.); (M.S.); (K.S.N.)
| | - King S. Nalubamba
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (I.S.); (M.M.); (A.N.M.); (K.L.S.); (M.S.); (K.S.N.)
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.Q.); (Y.E.)
| | - Michael J. Carr
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, Dublin DO4V1W8, Ireland; (G.G.); (M.J.C.); (W.W.H.)
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - William W. Hall
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, Dublin DO4V1W8, Ireland; (G.G.); (M.J.C.); (W.W.H.)
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yuki Eshita
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.Q.); (Y.E.)
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (H.H.); (H.S.)
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (H.H.); (H.S.)
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.M.C.); (E.S.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-80-1375-4174 (H.M.C.); +26-09-7746-9479 (E.S.); +81-11-706-5185 (Y.O.)
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Becker ME, Roberts J, Schroeder ME, Gentry G, Foil LD. Prospective Study of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus and Bluetongue Virus Transmission in Captive Ruminants. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1277-1285. [PMID: 32083292 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) cause hemorrhagic disease (HD) in wild ruminants and bluetongue disease (BT) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) in livestock. These viruses are transmitted by biting midges in the genus Culicoides (family Ceratopogonidae). Mortality from this disease can reach 90% in certain breeds of sheep and in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). From January until December of 2012, we conducted a prospective study to determine the origin and routes of transmission of BTV and EHDV in captive deer and cattle. The objective was to determine the abundance of Culicoides spp. and BTV/EHDV infection prevalence in midges, cattle, and deer in an area experiencing an outbreak of BT and EHD. Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests to detect for EHDV and BTV antibodies were conducted on serum collected from cattle and deer, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was utilized for BTV/EHDV RNA detection in tissues from dead deer, and CDC miniature black light traps baited with dry ice were deployed to capture insects. The AGID results showed 19 out of 29 cattle and 18 out of 58 white-tailed deer seroconverted for these viruses during the vector season. Tradition gel-based reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was utilized to determine serotype. Sixteen cows were positive for EHDV-2, EHDV-6, or BTV-12 and 15 deer positive for EHDV-1, EHDV-6, or BTV-12. Specimens from 14 species of Culicoides (Dptera: Ceratopogonidae) (Culicoides arboricola Root and Hoffman, Culicoides biguttatus Coquillett, Culicoides crepuscularis Malloch, Culicoides debilipalpis Lutz, Culicoides furens Poey, Culicoides haematopotus Malloch, Culicoides hinmani Khalaf, Culicoides nanus Root and Hoffman, Culicoides neopulicaris Wirth, Culicoides paraensis Goeldi, Culicoides stellifer Coquillet, Culicoides variipennis Coquillet, Culicoides villosipennis Root and Hoffman, and Culicoides venustus Hoffman) were captured and tested for BTV and EHDV using RT-qPCR assays. BTV viral nucleic acid was detected in three pools from three different species of midges: C. crepuscularis, C. debilipalpis, and C. stellifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Becker
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Agricultural Experiment Station, Life Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Jonathan Roberts
- Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry, LSU Union Square, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Megan E Schroeder
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX
| | - Glen Gentry
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Agricultural Experiment Station, Bob R. Jones Idlewild Research Station, Idlewild Drive, Clinton, LA
| | - Lane D Foil
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Agricultural Experiment Station, Life Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA
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Ries C, Beer M, Hoffmann B. BlueTYPE - A low density TaqMan-RT-qPCR array for the identification of all 24 classical Bluetongue virus serotypes. J Virol Methods 2020; 282:113881. [PMID: 32413478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bluetongue virus is a double-stranded RNA virus with 10 genome segments. VP2 is the primary target for neutralising antibodies and defines the serotype. Today, more than 27 serotypes are known, 24 are defined as "classical", and new serotypes are under investigation. Beside group-specific BTV-genome detection, additional serotype characterisation is important for disease control and epidemiological investigations. Therefore, a low-density RT-qPCR array representing a panel of group- and serotype-specific assays, was combined with an internal control system. For BTV serotype detection, both published and the newly developed in-house PCR systems were combined. The different primer-probe-mixes were placed in advance into a 96-well plate stored at -20 °C until use. At the time of analysis, the only template RNA was added to the prepared primer-probe-mixes and heat denatured at 95 °C for 3 min. After cooling, the master mix was added to each well and the PCR could run for around 90 min. The presented low-density TaqMan-RT-qPCR array enables fast and precise characterisation of the BTV serotype in clinical cases. Furthermore, mixed infections can be easily identified. In addition, the newly developed low-density RT-qPCR-array can easily be adapted to novel BTV strain variants or extended for relevant differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ries
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17943 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17943 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17943 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
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Mayo C, McDermott E, Kopanke J, Stenglein M, Lee J, Mathiason C, Carpenter M, Reed K, Perkins TA. Ecological Dynamics Impacting Bluetongue Virus Transmission in North America. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:186. [PMID: 32426376 PMCID: PMC7212442 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arbovirus transmitted to domestic and wild ruminants by certain species of Culicoides midges. The disease resulting from infection with BTV is economically important and can influence international trade and movement of livestock, the economics of livestock production, and animal welfare. Recent changes in the epidemiology of Culicoides-transmitted viruses, notably the emergence of exotic BTV genotypes in Europe, have demonstrated the devastating economic consequences of BTV epizootics and the complex nature of transmission across host-vector landscapes. Incursions of novel BTV serotypes into historically enzootic countries or regions, including the southeastern United States (US), Israel, Australia, and South America, have also occurred, suggesting diverse pathways for the transmission of these viruses. The abundance of BTV strains and multiple reassortant viruses circulating in Europe and the US in recent years demonstrates considerable genetic diversity of BTV strains and implies a history of reassortment events within the respective regions. While a great deal of emphasis is rightly placed on understanding the epidemiology and emergence of BTV beyond its natural ecosystem, the ecological contexts in which BTV maintains an enzootic cycle may also be of great significance. This review focuses on describing our current knowledge of ecological factors driving BTV transmission in North America. Information presented in this review can help inform future studies that may elucidate factors that are relevant to longstanding and emerging challenges associated with prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie Mayo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Emily McDermott
- Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer Kopanke
- Office of the Campus Veterinarian, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Mark Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Justin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Candace Mathiason
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Molly Carpenter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kirsten Reed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - T. Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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29
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Hakima B, Hwang HS, Lee KY. Molecular identification of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species in Algeria. Acta Trop 2020; 202:105261. [PMID: 31705843 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue is a serious vector-borne viral disease that infects wild and domestic ruminants. The causative virus is transmitted by midges of the genus Culicoides, which consists of at least 1350 species worldwide. Since 1998, bluetongue disease has spread to Europe and northern Africa, including Algeria. To better understand the distribution of Culicoides species in Algeria, adult midges were collected from 17 different regions in Algeria from 2009 to 2015. At first, 492 specimens were grouped into 52 batches by wing patterns and geographic area of Algeria. Analysis of 60 nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene showed that the presence of 14 species including five unknown species, which were belonged to seven distinct subgenera. At least five species (C. imicola, C. obsoletus, C. puncticollis, C. kingi, and C. newsteadi) were discussed as potential vectors of bluetongue virus (BTV). The present study provides important insights into the genetic diversity of Culicoides and the potential spread of BTV in Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrayah Hakima
- Parasitology and Histology Laboratory, Central Veterinary Laboratory of Algiers, Algerian National Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Algeria; Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwal-Su Hwang
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Agricultural Science and Technology Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Rajko-Nenow P, Christodoulou V, Thurston W, Ropiak HM, Savva S, Brown H, Qureshi M, Alvanitopoulos K, Gubbins S, Flannery J, Batten C. Origin of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 8 Outbreak in Cyprus, September 2016. Viruses 2020; 12:E96. [PMID: 31947695 PMCID: PMC7019704 DOI: 10.3390/v12010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In September 2016, clinical signs, indicative of bluetongue, were observed in sheep in Cyprus. Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) was detected in sheep, indicating the first incursion of this serotype into Cyprus. Following virus propagation, Nextera XT DNA libraries were sequenced on the MiSeq instrument. Full-genome sequences were obtained for five isolates CYP2016/01-05 and the percent of nucleotide sequence (% nt) identity between them ranged from 99.92% to 99.95%, which corresponded to a few (2-5) amino acid changes. Based on the complete coding sequence, the Israeli ISR2008/13 (98.42-98.45%) was recognised as the closest relative to CYP2016/01-05. However, the phylogenetic reconstruction of CYP2016/01-05 revealed that the possibility of reassortment in several segments: 4, 7, 9 and 10. Based on the available sequencing data, the incursion BTV-8 into Cyprus most likely occurred from the neighbouring countries (e.g., Israel, Lebanon, Syria, or Jordan), where multiple BTV serotypes were co-circulating rather than from Europe (e.g., France) where a single BTV-8 serotype was dominant. Supporting this hypothesis, atmospheric dispersion modelling identified wind-transport events during July-September that could have allowed the introduction of BTV-8 infected midges from Lebanon, Syria or Israel coastlines into the Larnaca region of Cyprus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Rajko-Nenow
- Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK (H.B.); (M.Q.); (S.G.); (J.F.); (C.B.)
| | | | | | - Honorata M. Ropiak
- Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK (H.B.); (M.Q.); (S.G.); (J.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Savvas Savva
- Veterinary Services of Cyprus, Nicosia 1417, Cyprus; (V.C.); (S.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Hannah Brown
- Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK (H.B.); (M.Q.); (S.G.); (J.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Mehnaz Qureshi
- Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK (H.B.); (M.Q.); (S.G.); (J.F.); (C.B.)
| | | | - Simon Gubbins
- Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK (H.B.); (M.Q.); (S.G.); (J.F.); (C.B.)
| | - John Flannery
- Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK (H.B.); (M.Q.); (S.G.); (J.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Carrie Batten
- Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK (H.B.); (M.Q.); (S.G.); (J.F.); (C.B.)
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31
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POSTMORTEM DETECTION OF BLUETONGUE AND EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE VIRUSES IN THE BONE MARROW OF WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS). J Wildl Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.7589/2019-01-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Safonova MV, Gmyl AP, Lukashev AN, Speranskaya AS, Neverov AD, Fedonin GG, Pimkina EV, Matsvay AD, Khafizov KF, Karganova GG, Kozlovskaya LI, Valdokhina AV, Bulanenko VP, Dedkov VG. Genetic diversity of Kemerovo virus and phylogenetic relationships within the Great Island virus genetic group. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 11:101333. [PMID: 31787560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Kemerovo virus (KEMV) is a member of the Great Island virus genetic group, belonging to the tick-borne arboviruses of the genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae. Nine strains of KEMV, which were isolated from various locations in Russia, were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing to study their intraspecific diversity and the interspecific relationships of viruses within the Great Island genetic group. For the first time, multiple reassortment within KEMV was reliably demonstrated. Different types of independently emerged alternative reading frames in segment 9 and heterogeneity of the viral population in one of the KEMV strains were found. The hypothesis of the role of an alternative open reading frame (ORF) in segment 9 in KEMV cellular tropism was not confirmed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Safonova
- Plague Control Center, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anatoly P Gmyl
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Lukashev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna S Speranskaya
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey D Neverov
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady G Fedonin
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Pimkina
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina D Matsvay
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamil F Khafizov
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina G Karganova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lubov I Kozlovskaya
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Valdokhina
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria P Bulanenko
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Dedkov
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service on Consumers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Comparative Evaluation of T-Cell Immune Response to BTV Infection in Sheep Vaccinated with Pentavalent BTV Vaccine When Compared to Un-Vaccinated Animals. Vet Med Int 2019; 2019:8762780. [PMID: 31885849 PMCID: PMC6915004 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8762780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent invasion of multiple bluetongue virus serotypes (BTV) in different regions of the world necessitates urgent development of efficient vaccine that is directed against multiple BTV serotypes. In this experimental study, cell mediated immune response and protective efficacy of binary ethylenimine (BEI) inactivated Montanide™ ISA 206 adjuvanted pentavalent (BTV-1, 2, 10, 16 and 23) vaccine was evaluated in sheep and direct challenge with homologous BTV serotypes in their respective group. Significant (P < 0.05) up-regulation of mRNA transcripts of IFN-α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α in PBMCs of vaccinated animals as compared to control (un-vaccinated) animals at certain time points was observed. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in mean ± SD percentage of CD8+ T cells after 7 days post challenge (DPC) but, the mean ± SD percentage of CD4+ T-cell population slightly declined at 7 DPC and enhanced after 14 DPC. Significant differences (P < 0.05) of CD8+ and CD4+T cells population was also observed between vaccinated and unvaccinated sheep. The vaccine also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced BTV RNA load in PBMCs of vaccinated animals than unvaccinated animals following challenge. There were no significant difference (P > 0.05) in cytokine induction, BTV RNA load and CD8+ and CD4+cell count among BTV-1, 2, 10, 16 and 23 serotype challenges except significant increase in mean ± SD percentage of CD8+ in BTV-2 group. These findings put forwarded that binary ethylenimine inactivated montanide adjuvanted pentavalent bluetongue vaccine has stimulated cell mediated immune response and most importantly reduced the severity of BTV-1, 2, 10, 16 and 23 infections following challenge in respective group.
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A multi-species indirect ELISA for detection group-specific antibodies against VP7 protein of bluetongue virus. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Updating the global occurrence of Culicoides imicola, a vector for emerging viral diseases. Sci Data 2019; 6:185. [PMID: 31570721 PMCID: PMC6768995 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Culicoides imicola is the main vector transmitting viruses causing animal diseases such as Bluetongue, African Horse Sickness, and Schmallenberg. It has become widely distributed, with reports from South Africa to southern Europe, and from western Africa to southern China. This study presents a global compendium of Culicoides imicola occurrence between 1943 and 2018, reflecting the most recently compiled and harmonized global dataset derived from peer-reviewed literature. The procedures used in producing the data, as well as the geo-coding methods, database management and technical validation procedures are described. The study provides an updated and comprehensive global database of C. imicola occurrence, consisting of 1 039 geo-coded records from 50 countries. The datasets can be used for risk mapping of the diseases transmitted by C. imicola as well as to develop the global habitat suitability for the vector.
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Hwang JM, Kim JG, Yeh JY. Serological evidence of bluetongue virus infection and serotype distribution in dairy cattle in South Korea. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:255. [PMID: 31337392 PMCID: PMC6651986 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bluetongue is a vector-borne viral disease, and bluetongue virus (BTV) outbreaks can cause substantial economic losses. Even subclinical infection may carry significant associated costs, including a loss of condition, reduced milk yield, and infertility and abortion, and indirect costs, largely due to the export restrictions and surveillance requirements imposed to limit the spread of the virus. However, the BTV epidemiology in the Far East remains incompletely understood, especially in the cattle population in South Korea. In this study, the seroprevalence of BTV antibodies and distribution of BTV serotypes in dairy cattle in South Korea were evaluated to improve the understanding of the BTV epidemiological situation in the Asia-Pacific region. Results Between 2012 and 2013, a total of 37 out of 171 dairy cattle herds (21.6%) and 85 out of 466 dairy cattle heads (18.2%) showed antibodies against BTV. Neutralizing antibodies to BTV-1, − 2, − 3, − 4, − 7, − 15, and − 16 serotypes were identified, and the RNAs of the BTV-1, − 2, − 3, − 15, and − 16 serotypes were detected, indicating that BTV was circulating in the dairy cattle population in South Korea. Conclusions These findings indicate that BTV is widespread and has circulated in dairy cattle in South Korea. This is the first report presenting evidence of circulating antibodies against BTV and the serotype distribution in bovine populations in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Min Hwang
- Veterinary Research Center, Green Cross Veterinary Products Co., Ltd, Kugal-dong 227-5, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17066, South Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Academy-ro 119, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Yeh
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Academy-ro 119, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, South Korea. .,Emerging & Exotic Diseases Research Laboratory, Foreign Animal Diseases Division, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang-ro 175, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14089, South Korea.
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Rojas JM, Rodríguez-Martín D, Martín V, Sevilla N. Diagnosing bluetongue virus in domestic ruminants: current perspectives. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2019; 10:17-27. [PMID: 30859085 PMCID: PMC6385761 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s163804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of current and potential new diagnostic techniques against bluetongue virus (BTV), an Orbivirus transmitted by arthropods that affects ruminants. Bluetongue is a disease currently notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), causing great economic losses due to decreased trade associated with bluetongue outbreaks and high mortality and morbidity. BTV cross-reacts with many antigenically related viruses including viruses that causes African Horse sickness and epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer. Therefore, reliable diagnostic approaches to detect BTV among these other antigenically related viruses are used or being developed. The antigenic determinant for differentiation of virus species/serogroups among orbiviruses is the VP7 protein, meanwhile VP2 is serotype specific. Serologically, assays are established in many laboratories, based mainly on competitive ELISA or serum neutralization assay (virus neutralization assay [VNT]) although new techniques are being developed. Virus isolation from blood or semen is, additionally, another means of BTV diagnosis. Nevertheless, most of these techniques for viral isolation are time-consuming and expensive. Currently, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) panels or real-time RT-PCR are widely used methods although next-generation sequencing remains of interest for future virus diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain,
| | - Daniel Rodríguez-Martín
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain,
| | - Verónica Martín
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain,
| | - Noemí Sevilla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain,
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Maan S, Belaganahalli MN, Maan NS, Potgieter AC, Mertens PPC. Quantitative RT-PCR assays for identification and typing of the Equine encephalosis virus. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:287-296. [PMID: 30637652 PMCID: PMC6863193 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine encephalosis (EE) is an acute, arthropod-borne, noncontagious, febrile disease of equids. The clinical signs of EE are similar to milder forms of African horse sickness (AHS) and the two diseases can be easily confused. The Equine encephalosis virus (EEV) is a distinct virus species within the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae, with ten linear segments of dsRNA genome. Seven distinct serotypes of EEV have been recognised on the basis of sequence analyses of Seg-2. The need for differential diagnosis of similar forms of EE and AHS warranted the development of molecular diagnostic methods for specific detection and identification of EEV. We report the development of quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay for detection of any member of the EEV species targeting the highly conserved EEV Seg-9. Similar serotype-specific qRT-PCR assays were designed for each of the seven EEV serotypes targeting genome Seg-2, encoding the serotype determining VP2 protein. These assays were evaluated using different EEV serotypes and other closely related orbiviruses. They were shown to be EEV virus species-specific, or EEV type-specific capable of detecting 1 to 13 copies of viral RNA in clinical samples. The assays failed to detect RNA from closely related orbiviruses, including AHSV and Peruvian horse sickness virus (PHSV) isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushila Maan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125 004, India.
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK.
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana, 125 004, India.
| | - Manjunatha N Belaganahalli
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK.
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary medicine, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA.
| | - Narender Singh Maan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125 004, India
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Abraham C Potgieter
- Deltamune (Pty) Ltd, 248 Jean Avenue, Lyttelton, Centurion, 0140, South Africa
| | - Peter P C Mertens
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
- Chair of Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, UK
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Sohail T, Yaqub T, Abbas T, Rabbani M, Nazir J, Maqbool SM, Yaqub S, Habib M, Ul-Rahman A, Mukhtar N, Shahbaz M, Zahoor MY, Shabbir MZ. Seroprevalence of Bluetongue virus in small and large ruminants in Punjab province, Pakistan. Acta Trop 2019; 189:22-29. [PMID: 30261187 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne disease of immense economic importance for small and large ruminants. Despite frequent disease reports from neighboring countries, a little is known about current disease status and prevalent serotypes in Pakistan. We screened a total of 1312 healthy animals for group-specific antibodies and serotype-specific genome for BT virus through competitive ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. An overall prevalence of group-specific VP7 antibodies [28.81% (n = 378/1312, 95% CI = 26.4-31.4)] was observed. The prevalence was higher in goats [40.75% (n = 194/476, 95% CI = 36.4-45.3)] followed by buffalo [29.34% (n = 81/276, 95% CI = 24.3-34.9)], sheep [18.40% (n = 60/326, 95% CI = 14.5-22.9)] and cattle [17.94% (n = 42/234, 95% CI = 13.56-23.4)]. The odds of seropositivity were more in buffalo of Nili breed (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.19-3.58) as well as those found with a presence of vector (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.16-3.59). Buffalo and cattle with history of abortion [(OR = 3.95, 95% CI = 1.33-11.69) and (OR = 5.89, 95% CI = 1.80-19.27) respectively] were much likely to be infected with the disease. Serotype 8 was detected in all animal species while, serotypes 4 and 6 were detected in sheep, 2, 6 and 11 in goat, and 2 and 16 in buffalo. The study concludes a much frequent exposure of different serotypes of Bluetongue virus (BTV) in small and large ruminants and indicates its expansion to enzootic range worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyebah Sohail
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Yaqub
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Abbas
- Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Masood Rabbani
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Nazir
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | | | - Saima Yaqub
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Momena Habib
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Ul-Rahman
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Mukhtar
- Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department, Government of Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh 12600, Pakistan
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Marku N, Bërxholi K, Spahiu J, Sherifi K, Rexhepi A. Seroprevalence of bluetongue disease virus (BTV) among domestic ruminants in Kosovo and first record of BTV serotype 4 in sheep. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to estimate the seroprevalence and serotype of bluetongue virus (BTV) in domestic ruminants in different regions in Kosovo, in years 2014 and 2015. A total of 905 blood sera were analysed: 633 from sheep, 204 from cattle and 68 from goats, collected in 170 farms, 88 villages in 18 municipalities. All samples were analysed with c-ELISA for detection of BTV seroprevalence. From sheep with clinical signs samples were collected and were analysed with specific RT-PCR. Out of all 905 samples analysed with c-ELISA, 105 samples (11.6%) were seropositive (53 ovine, 39 bovine and 13 caprine). The 43 samples from sheep with clinical sings for bluetongue disease were confirmed by RT-PCR, and BTV-4 serotype was identified. The results indicated high seroprevalence of BTV in domestic ruminants, evidence of BTV-4 serotype in sheep, suggesting a need to strengthen national and regional scientific efforts and control strategy to meet the global challenge of this infectious disease.
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41
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Baldini MHM, Rosa JCC, Matos ACD, Cubas ZS, Guedes MIMC, de Moraes W, de Oliveira MJ, Felippi DA, Lobato ZIP, de Moraes AN. Multiple bluetongue virus serotypes causing death in Brazilian dwarf brocket deer (Mazama nana) in Brazil, 2015–2016. Vet Microbiol 2018; 227:143-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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The first report on serotyping of bluetongue virus in small ruminants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 51:977-982. [PMID: 30406333 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of Orbivirus genus (family Reoviridae), is a non-contagious infection of domestic and wild ruminants. The current study was designed to detect various serotypes of BTV in small ruminants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan, along with their effects on hemato-biochemical parameters. A total of 408 serum samples in four districts (Mansehra, Abbottabad, Swabi, and Kohat) of KPK from small ruminants were screened based on competitive ELISA (cELISA). A total of 204 (50%) samples were found positive for BTV group-specific antibodies. The seropositive samples were processed for the detection of BTV serotypes through real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Out of 204 cELISA-positive samples, 60 (29.41%) were found positive through qPCR. Three serotypes [6, 8, 9] were detected from Mansehra District and two from Kohat [2, 8] and Abbottabad [6, 8], while only one from Swabi [8]. The serotype "8" was found consistently in all the four study districts. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was recorded in goats, whereas aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in sheep infected with BTV, compared to healthy animals. The hematological parameters showed significantly (p < 0.05) raised total leucocyte count (TLC) in both sheep and goats, whereas only hematocrit (HCT) value was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in infected sheep. This is the first report on serotyping of BTV among small ruminants in Pakistan.
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Yeh JY, Kim JG, Choi J, Kim JK, Kim KW. Bluetongue Virus Antibodies in Domestic Goats: A Countrywide and Retrospective Study in the Republic of Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:323-330. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yong Yeh
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Emerging and Exotic Diseases Research Laboratory, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil Won Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Sohail T, Yaqub T, Shafee M, Abbas T, Nazir J, Ullah N, Rabbani M, Chaudhary MH, Mukhtar N, Habib M, Ul Rahman A, Malik AI, Ghafoor A, Zahoor MY, Shabbir MZ. Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Virus in small ruminants in Balochistan province, Pakistan. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1272-1281. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Sohail
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - T. Yaqub
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - M. Shafee
- University of Balochistan; Quetta Pakistan
| | - T. Abbas
- Islamia University of Bahawalpur; Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - J. Nazir
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - N. Ullah
- University of Balochistan; Quetta Pakistan
| | - M. Rabbani
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | | | - N. Mukhtar
- Institute of Public Health; Lahore Pakistan
| | - M. Habib
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - A. Ul Rahman
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - A. I. Malik
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - A. Ghafoor
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - M. Y. Zahoor
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - M. Z. Shabbir
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
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Bluetongue disease in small ruminants in south western Ethiopia: cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:112. [PMID: 29422081 PMCID: PMC5806387 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The status of bluetongue disease, vectors for transmission of the disease and the serotypes involved are not clearly known in Ethiopia. This sero-epidemiological study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bluetongue in small ruminants of South Western Ethiopia. Result 422 serum samples were screened for the presence of bluetongue virus (BTV) specific antibodies using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) and 30.6% (129/422) (confidence interval CI 26.2–35%) of the sheep and goat serum samples were found positive. Multivariate analysis of several risk factors like age, sex, altitude, body condition and species of animals were studied and it was observed that species of animals, age and altitude had significant influence (P < 0.05) on seropositivity to BTV. Goats showed more seropositivity to bluetongue as compared to sheep [AOR = 2.4, 95% CI (1.5–3.9), P = 0.001], adult animals were more seropositive [AOR = 3.1, 95% CI (1.9–5.1), P = 0.001] than other age groups and animals at the lowland [AOR = 3.1, 95% CI (1.5–6.4), P = 0.002] showed more seropositivity to bluetongue than midland and high land. Sex and body condition of the animals had no statistically significant (P > 0.05) effect on seropositivity to bluetongue.
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Balaro MFA, Dos Santos Lima M, Del Fava C, de Oliveira GR, Pituco EM, Brandão FZ. Outbreak of Bluetongue virus serotype 4 in dairy sheep in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 26:567-570. [PMID: 24916443 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714538020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In late January 2013, 10 nonpregnant Lacaune dairy ewes raised under extensive husbandry management on a farm in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, presented with the general clinical signs of lethargy, hyporexia, edema of the face, hyperemia of the exposed parts of the skin, mouth lesions, pyrexia, and lameness. Additionally, 2 pregnant ewes died suddenly after the onset of respiratory signs. The complete blood counts and biochemistry analyses showed neutrophilic leukocytosis with monocytosis and reactive lymphocytes, normocytic normochromic anemia and increased aspartate aminotransferase levels. Postmortem examination revealed erosions on the lingual mucosa, bilateral submandibular ganglia infarctions, yellow foamy fluid accumulation in the trachea and bronchial bifurcation, pulmonary congestion, and edema associated with hemorrhagic lesions on the pulmonary artery and heart. The clinical and pathological findings were suggestive of bluetongue. For a molecular and virological diagnosis, tissue samples were analyzed by Bluetongue virus-specific real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and viral isolation was performed in embryonated chicken eggs. For viral typing, positive tissue and egg-isolated samples were analyzed by qRT-PCR using primers and probes specific for the structural VP2 gene in genome segment 2 of all 26 serotypes. There are still no contingency plans for responding to an outbreak of bluetongue disease in Brazil, and this episode emphasizes the need for continuing serological and entomological surveillance programs. Additionally, this report describes the isolation of Bluetongue virus serotype 4 in sheep in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Felipe Alvarez Balaro
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Department of Pathology and Clinical Veterinary, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Balaro, Brandão).,Instituto Biologico, Bovine Viral Diseases Laboratory (Lima, Pituco), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pathology Laboratory (Fava), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Secretary of State for Agriculture and Livestock, Secretary of State for Agriculture and Livestock, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Oliveira)
| | - Michele Dos Santos Lima
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Department of Pathology and Clinical Veterinary, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Balaro, Brandão).,Instituto Biologico, Bovine Viral Diseases Laboratory (Lima, Pituco), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pathology Laboratory (Fava), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Secretary of State for Agriculture and Livestock, Secretary of State for Agriculture and Livestock, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Oliveira)
| | - Claudia Del Fava
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Department of Pathology and Clinical Veterinary, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Balaro, Brandão).,Instituto Biologico, Bovine Viral Diseases Laboratory (Lima, Pituco), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pathology Laboratory (Fava), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Secretary of State for Agriculture and Livestock, Secretary of State for Agriculture and Livestock, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Oliveira)
| | - Glenda Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Department of Pathology and Clinical Veterinary, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Balaro, Brandão).,Instituto Biologico, Bovine Viral Diseases Laboratory (Lima, Pituco), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pathology Laboratory (Fava), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Secretary of State for Agriculture and Livestock, Secretary of State for Agriculture and Livestock, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Oliveira)
| | - Edviges Maristela Pituco
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Department of Pathology and Clinical Veterinary, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Balaro, Brandão).,Instituto Biologico, Bovine Viral Diseases Laboratory (Lima, Pituco), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pathology Laboratory (Fava), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Secretary of State for Agriculture and Livestock, Secretary of State for Agriculture and Livestock, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Oliveira)
| | - Felipe Zandonadi Brandão
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Department of Pathology and Clinical Veterinary, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Balaro, Brandão).,Instituto Biologico, Bovine Viral Diseases Laboratory (Lima, Pituco), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pathology Laboratory (Fava), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Secretary of State for Agriculture and Livestock, Secretary of State for Agriculture and Livestock, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Oliveira)
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Orłowska A, Żmudziński JF, Smreczak M, Trębas P, Marzec A. Diagnostic Reliability of Different RT-PCR Protocols for the Detection of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 14 (BTV-14). J Vet Res 2017; 61:391-395. [PMID: 29978100 PMCID: PMC5937335 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is one of the most extensively used methods for identification of animals infected with bluetongue virus (BTV). There are several RT-PCR protocols published and several real-time RT-PCR (rtRT-PCR) commercial kits available on the market. Because Poland faced BTV-14 infection in 2012, different protocols were implemented in the country to confirm the RT-PCR results positive for this virus. The article presents a comparative study of several RT-PCR protocols and discusses their diagnostic reliability and applicability. Material and Methods Six rtRT-PCR/RT-PCR protocols were compared for the laboratory diagnostic of fourteen BTV-14 isolates circulating in Poland in 2012-2014. Results All 14 isolates were positive in the protocols of Shaw et al. (18), a commercial LSI NS3 kit, and Eschbaumer et al. (5). Four out of fourteen BTV-14 isolates gave positive results in Hoffmann's 2 and 6 protocols and none of the 14 isolates yielded positive results in Maan et al. (8) method. Phylogenetic study of a short fragment of 450 nt of BTV segment 2 (258-696 positions) revealed 100% identity within Polish variants and with Russian and Spanish isolates. Conclusion The paper points to the possible false negative results in the diagnosis of BTV infections depending on the protocol used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Orłowska
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jan F Żmudziński
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Marcin Smreczak
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Paweł Trębas
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Anna Marzec
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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Dalal A, Maan S, Bansal N, Kumar V, Kumar A, Maan NS, Kakker NK. Molecular analysis of genome segment-3 of bluetongue virus serotype 12 isolates from Haryana. Vet World 2017; 10:1389-1393. [PMID: 29263604 PMCID: PMC5732348 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1389-1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The present study was designed to characterize the genome segment 3 (Seg-3) of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 12 isolates from different outbreaks of Bluetongue disease in Haryana, India. Materials and Methods Blood and swab samples were collected from goat and sheep suspected to be suffering of BT from different outbreaks from Gurugram, Sirsa, Hisar, and Karnal districts of Haryana. The samples were grown in insect and mammalian cell lines. After preliminary identification, serotyping was done using BTV type-specific quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays. Sequencing was performed using terminal and walking internal primers specific for Seg-3 on ABI Capillary Sequencer 3130 using a "BigDye cycle sequencing kit." The obtained sequence data were analyzed with various bioinformatic tools. Results Real-time PCR results confirmed the samples to be positive for BTV-12. The Seg-3 of Indian isolates was most closely related to that of a south Indian isolate of BTV-12 from Andhra Pradesh (KC662614) with 97% nucleotide identity. Conclusions The study confirmed the circulation of BTV-12 in Haryana, India. The variations shown in genome Seg-3 of BTV-12 isolates may have some significance and need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Dalal
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India
| | - Nitish Bansal
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India
| | - Narender Singh Maan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India.,Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Kakker
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India
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Reddy YV, Susmitha B, Patil S, Krishnajyothi Y, Putty K, Ramakrishna KV, Sunitha G, Devi BV, Kavitha K, Deepthi B, Krovvidi S, Reddy YN, Reddy GH, Singh KP, Maan NS, Hemadri D, Maan S, Mertens PP, Hegde NR, Rao PP. Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:547-556. [PMID: 29120083 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) is a Culicoides-borne disease caused by several serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV). Similar to other insect-borne viral diseases, distribution of BT is limited to distribution of Culicoides species competent to transmit BTV. In the tropics, vector activity is almost year long, and hence, the disease is endemic, with the circulation of several serotypes of BTV, whereas in temperate areas, seasonal incursions of a limited number of serotypes of BTV from neighbouring tropical areas are observed. Although BTV is endemic in all the three major tropical regions (parts of Africa, America and Asia) of the world, the distribution of serotypes is not alike. Apart from serological diversity, geography-based diversity of BTV genome has been observed, and this is the basis for proposal of topotypes. However, evolution of these topotypes is not well understood. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of several BTV-4 isolates from India. These isolates are distinct from BTV-4 isolates from other geographical regions. Analysis of available BTV seg-2 sequences indicated that the Australasian BTV-4 diverged from African viruses around 3,500 years ago, whereas the American viruses diverged relatively recently (1,684 CE). Unlike Australasia and America, BTV-4 strains of the Mediterranean area evolved through several independent incursions. We speculate that independent evolution of BTV in different geographical areas over long periods of time might have led to the diversity observed in the current virus population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V Reddy
- Ella Foundation, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - B Susmitha
- PVNR Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S Patil
- PVNR Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Y Krishnajyothi
- Veterinary Biological & Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - K Putty
- PVNR Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - K V Ramakrishna
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G Sunitha
- Veterinary Biological & Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - B V Devi
- Veterinary Biological & Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - K Kavitha
- Veterinary Biological & Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - B Deepthi
- Veterinary Biological & Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S Krovvidi
- Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Telangana, India
| | - Y N Reddy
- PVNR Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - G H Reddy
- Veterinary Biological & Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - K P Singh
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N S Maan
- LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - D Hemadri
- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Maan
- LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - P P Mertens
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK
| | - N R Hegde
- Ella Foundation, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - P P Rao
- Ella Foundation, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Bluetongue virus infection in naïve cattle: Identification of circulating serotypes and associated Culicoides biting midge species in Trinidad. Vet Microbiol 2017; 211:1-5. [PMID: 29102102 PMCID: PMC5680695 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To better understand risks associated with trading cattle, it is important to know which serotypes of Bluetongue virus (BTV) are circulating within the exporting and importing country. Hence, this study was conducted to identify the circulating serotypes of BTV in Trinidad. Blood samples were collected monthly from sixty BTV- naïve imported cattle over a six month period after their arrival in the country. Virological (PCR and virus isolation) and serological (ELISA) analyses were carried out on the samples and CDC light traps were placed near the cattle enclosure to trap and identify the species of Culicoides biting midges that were present. All of the cattle seroconverted for BTV antibodies within three months of their arrival in the country and real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) detected BTV-RNA in the samples throughout the remainder of the study. The patterns of infection observed in the cattle indicated serial infections with multiple serotypes. A combination of BTV serotype-specific rRT-PCR on the original blood samples and virus isolation followed by serotype-specific rRT-PCR on selected samples, confirmed the presence of BTV serotypes 1, 2, 3, 5, 12 and 17. This is the first report of BTV-2 and BTV-5 in Trinidad. Light-suction traps placed in close proximity to the cattle predominantly trapped Culicoides insignis Lutz 1913 species (96%), with a further six Culicoides species making up the remaining 4% of trapped samples. The circulation of multiple BTV serotypes in Trinidad underlines the need for regular surveillance, which will contribute to the development of risk assessments for trade in livestock.
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