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Feng Q, Sehar S, Zhou F, Wei D, Askri SMH, Ma Z, Adil MF, Shamsi IH. Physiological and TMT-based quantitative proteomic responses of barley to aluminium stress under phosphorus-Piriformospora indica interaction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:634-646. [PMID: 36791535 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important cereal crop in the world, and is also the one being seriously affected by heavy metals, particularly aluminium (Al). Keeping in view the utility of barley as food, fodder and raw material for traditional beer brewing, the top-notch quality and higher production of this crop must be sustained. Phosphorus (P) has a quintessential role in plant growth with a potential to relieve symptoms caused by Al poisoning. Displaying a phytopromotive and stress alleviatory potential, Piriformospora indica (P. indica) can improve the stress tolerance in crops. Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the mechanism of Al translocation in a variety of crops including barley, however, the bio-remediative studies related to detoxification and/or sequestration of metals are scarce. Therefore, the current study was carried out to elucidate the tolerance mechanism of an Al-sensitive barley cultivar ZU9 following the colonization with P. indica and exogenous P supply by physio-biochemical, elemental, leaf ultrastructural and root proteome analyses. When compared to the Al alone treated counterparts, the Al + P + P.i treated plants exhibited 4.1-, 1.38-, 2.7 and 1.35-fold improved root and shoot fresh and dry weights, respectively. With the provision of additional phosphorus, the content of P in the root and shoot for Al + P + P.i group was reportedly higher (71.6% and 49.5%, respectively) as compared to the control group. Moreover, inoculation of P. indica combined with P improved barley leaves' cell arrangement and also maintained normal cell wall shape. The root protemics experiment was divided into three groups: Al, Al + P.i and Al + P + P.i. In total, 28, 598, and 823 differentially expressed proteins were found in Al + P.i vs. Al and Al + P + P.i vs. Al, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was the most prominently enriched pathway, which contributed significantly to the recuperating effects of P-P. indica interaction. Conslusively, it was found that the percentage of protein related to peroxidase was 70/359 (Al + P + P.i vs. Al) and 92/447 (Al + P + P.i vs. Al + P.i), respectively, which indicated that P. indica in combination with P might be involved in the regulation of peroxidases, increasing the adaptability of barley plants by enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging mechansism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Feng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shafaque Sehar
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fanrui Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Dongming Wei
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Syed Muhammad Hassan Askri
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhengxin Ma
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Faheem Adil
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Imran Haider Shamsi
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Bastías DA, Balestrini R, Pollmann S, Gundel PE. Environmental interference of plant-microbe interactions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3387-3398. [PMID: 36180415 PMCID: PMC9828629 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses can compromise the interactions of plants with beneficial microbes. In the present review, experimental results showing that stresses negatively affect the abundance and/or functionality of plant beneficial microbes are summarized. It is proposed that the environmental interference of these plant-microbe interactions is explained by the stress-mediated induction of plant signalling pathways associated with defence hormones and reactive oxygen species. These plant responses are recognized to regulate beneficial microbes within plants. The direct negative effect of stresses on microbes may also contribute to the environmental regulation of these plant mutualisms. It is also posited that, in stress situations, beneficial microbes harbour mechanisms that contribute to maintain the mutualistic associations. Beneficial microbes produce effector proteins and increase the antioxidant levels in plants that counteract the detrimental effects of plant stress responses on them. In addition, they deliver specific stress-protective mechanisms that assist to their plant hosts to mitigate the negative effects of stresses. Our study contributes to understanding how environmental stresses affect plant-microbe interactions and highlights why beneficial microbes can still deliver benefits to plants in stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Bastías
- AgResearch LimitedGrasslands Research CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | | | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC)Campus de MontegancedoMadridSpain
- Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Pedro E. Gundel
- IFEVA, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos AiresFacultad de AgronomíaBuenos AiresArgentina
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad de TalcaTalcaChile
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Endophytic fungal communities and their biotechnological implications for agro-environmental sustainability. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:203-232. [PMID: 35122218 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungal communities have attracted a great attention to chemists, ecologists, and microbiologists as a treasure trove of biological resource. Endophytic fungi play incredible roles in the ecosystem including abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, eco-adaptation, enhancing growth and development, and maintaining the health of their host. In recent times, endophytic fungi have drawn a special focus owing to their indispensable diversity, unique distribution, and unparalleled metabolic pathways. The endophytic fungal communities belong to three phyla, namely Mucoromycota, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota with seven predominant classes Agaricomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Mortierellomycotina, Mucoromycotina, Saccharomycetes, and Sordariomycetes. In a review of a huge number of research finding, it was found that endophytic fungal communities of genera Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Fusarium, Gaeumannomyces, Metarhizium, Microsphaeropsis, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Piriformospora, Talaromyces, Trichoderma, Verticillium, and Xylaria have been sorted out and well characterized for diverse biotechnological applications for future development. Furthermore, these communities are remarkable source of novel bioactive compounds with amazing biological activity for use in agriculture, food, and pharmaceutical industry. Endophytes are endowed with a broad range of structurally unique bioactive natural products, including alkaloids, benzopyranones, chinones, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and quinines. Subsequently, there is still an excellent opportunity to explore novel compounds from endophytic fungi among numerous plants inhabiting different niches. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing could be a tool to study interaction between plants and endophytic fungi which may provide further opportunities to reveal unknown functions of endophytic fungal communities. The present review deals with the biodiversity of endophytic fungal communities and their biotechnological implications for agro-environmental sustainability.
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Tabande L, Sepehri M, Yasrebi J, Zarei M, Ghasemi-Fasaei R, Khatabi B. A comparison between the function of Serendipita indica and Sinorhizobium meliloti in modulating the toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:8790-8803. [PMID: 34490575 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are among the most commonly used nano-fertilizers (NF). However, elevated levels of ZnO-NPs in soil may affect plant growth and development due to its potential toxicity when accumulated in large amounts in plant tissues. This research was conducted using an in situ rhizobox system with the aims of evaluating zinc uptake from nano-zinc oxide amended rhizosphere soil by alfalfa plant and the effect of plant growth-promoting microorganisms on alleviating the phytotoxicity of ZnO-NPs. Treatments included microbial inoculations (Sinorhizobium meliloti, Serendipita indica) and different ZnO-NP concentrations (0, 400, and 800 mg kg-1) with three replications. The results indicated that S. indica minimized the phytotoxicity of ZnO-NPs to alfalfa by enhancing growth rate and decreasing zinc (Zn) translocation from root to shoot. Compared with plants inoculated with S. meliloti, co-inoculation with S. indica increased the shoot dry weight by 18.33% and 8.05% at 400 and 800 mg kg-1 ZnO-NPs, respectively. However, at the highest level of ZnO-NPs (800 mg kg-1), root inoculation of S. indica and S. indica + S. meliloti decreased Zn translocation factor by 60.2% and 44.3% compared to S. meliloti, respectively. Furthermore, a distinct relation between tolerance of S. indica-colonized plant to ZnO-NPs and the ability of S. indica in inhibiting or retarding degradation of polyunsaturated lipids through prevention of excess reactive oxygen species formation was observed. Malondialdehyde content of inoculated plants with S. indica either alone or in combination with S. meliloti was significantly lower than non-inoculated plants (p< 0.01). Zn-induced oxidative stress was mitigated by S. indica through enhanced activities of catalase and peroxidase enzymes. The findings of the present study indicate the potential use of endophytes fungus S. indica for ensuring food safety and security, and human health in heavy metal-polluted soil by reducing the phytoavailability of heavy metals in the aerial parts of the host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Tabande
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Sepehri
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Jafar Yasrebi
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zarei
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Ghasemi-Fasaei
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnam Khatabi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, USA
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Pochonia chlamydosporia Isolate PC-170-Induced Expression of Marker Genes for Defense Pathways in Tomatoes Challenged by Different Pathogens. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091882. [PMID: 34576777 PMCID: PMC8470021 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pochonia chlamydosporia is a fungal parasite of nematode eggs. Studies have shown that some strains of Pochonia chlamydosporia can promote plant growth and induce plants’ systemic resistance to root-knot nematodes by colonizing in their roots. This study aimed to verify the effect of the PC-170 strain on tomato growth and systemic resistance. Split-root experiments were conducted to observe the systemic resistance induced by PC-170. To explore the defense pathway that was excited due to the colonization by PC-170, we tested the expression of marker genes for defense pathways, and used mutant lines to verify the role of plant defense pathways. Our results showed that PC-170 can colonize roots, and promotes growth. We found a role for jasmonic acid (JA) in modulating tomato colonization by PC-170. PC-170 can activate tomato defense responses to reduce susceptibility to infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and induced resistance to some pathogens in tomatoes. The marker genes of the defense pathway were significantly induced after PC-170 colonization. However, salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defenses in roots were variable with the invasion of different pathogens. Defense pathways play different roles at different points in time. SA- and JA-dependent defense pathways were shown to cross-communicate. Different phytohormones have been involved in tomato plants’ responses against different pathogens. Our study confirmed that adaptive JA signaling is necessary to regulate PC-170 colonization and induce systemic resistance in tomatoes.
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The Endophytic Fungus Piriformospora indica Reprograms Banana to Cold Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094973. [PMID: 34067069 PMCID: PMC8124873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Banana (Musa spp.), one of the most important fruits worldwide, is generally cold sensitive. In this study, by using the cold-sensitive banana variety Tianbaojiao (Musa acuminate) as the study material, we investigated the effects of Piriformospora indica on banana cold resistance. Seedlings with and without fungus colonization were subjected to 4 °C cold treatment. The changes in plant phenotypes, some physiological and biochemical parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and the expression of eight cold-responsive genes in banana leaves before and after cold treatment were measured. Results demonstrated that P. indica colonization reduced the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) but increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the contents of soluble sugar (SS) and proline. Noteworthily, the CAT activity and SS content in the leaves of P. indica-colonized banana were significant (p < 0.05). After 24 h cold treatment, the decline in maximum photochemistry efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), efficient quantum yield [Y(II)], and photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) in the leaves of P. indica-colonized banana was found to be lower than in the non-inoculated controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, although the difference was not significant, P. indica colonization increased the photochemical conversion efficiency and electron transport rate and alleviated the damage to the photosynthetic reaction center of banana leaves under cold treatment to some extent. Additionally, the expression of the most cold-responsive genes in banana leaves was significantly induced by P. indica during cold stress (p < 0.05). It was concluded that P. indica confers banana with enhanced cold resistance by stimulating antioxidant capacity, SS accumulation, and the expression of cold-responsive genes in leaves. The results obtained from this study are helpful for understanding the P. indica-induced cold resistance in banana.
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Sepehri M, Ghaffari MR, Khayam Nekoui M, Sarhadi E, Moghadam A, Khatabi B, Hosseini Salekdeh G. Root endophytic fungus Serendipita indica modulates barley leaf blade proteome by increasing the abundance of photosynthetic proteins in response to salinity. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1870-1889. [PMID: 33694234 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed at analysing the proteome pattern of the leaf blade of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Serendipita indica-colonised plants to decipher the molecular mechanism of S. indica-mediated salt stress. This work is aligned with our previous research on barley leaf sheath to study proteomic pattern variability in leaf blade and sheath of barley plant in response to salinity and S. indica inoculation. METHODS AND RESULTS The experiment was conducted using a completely randomised factorial design with four replications and two treatments: salinity (0 and 300 mmol l-1 NaCl) and fungus (noninoculated and S. indica-inoculated). The leaf blades of the salt-treated S. indica-colonised and noninoculated plants were harvested after 2 weeks of salt treatment for the physiological and proteomic analyses. After exposure to 300 mmol l-1 NaCl, shoot dry matter production in noninoculated control plants decreased 84% which was about twofold higher than inoculated plants with S. indica. However, the accumulation of sodium in the shoot of S. indica-inoculated plants was significantly lower than the control plants. Analysis of the proteome profile revealed a high number of significantly up-regulated proteins involved in photosynthesis (26 out of 42 identified proteins). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated how the enhanced plant growth and salt stress resistance induced by S. indica was positively associated with the up-regulation of several proteins involved in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. In fact, S. indica improved photosynthesis in order to reach the best possible performance of the host plant under salt stress. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Current research provides new insight into the mechanism applied by S. indica in reducing the negative impacts of salt stress in barley at physiological and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sepehri
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M R Ghaffari
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - M Khayam Nekoui
- Faculty of Biological Science, Research Center of Biotechnology Development, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Sarhadi
- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Moghadam
- Institute of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - B Khatabi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, USA
| | - G Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Piriformospora indica: Biodiversity, Ecological Significances, and Biotechnological Applications for Agriculture and Allied Sectors. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Fröschel C, Komorek J, Attard A, Marsell A, Lopez-Arboleda WA, Le Berre J, Wolf E, Geldner N, Waller F, Korte A, Dröge-Laser W. Plant roots employ cell-layer-specific programs to respond to pathogenic and beneficial microbes. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 29:299-310.e7. [PMID: 33378688 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant roots are built of concentric cell layers that are thought to respond to microbial infections by employing specific, genetically defined programs. Yet, the functional impact of this radial organization remains elusive, particularly due to the lack of genome-wide techniques for monitoring expression at a cell-layer resolution. Here, cell-type-specific expression of tagged ribosomes enabled the isolation of ribosome-bound mRNA to obtain cell-layer translatomes (TRAP-seq, translating ribosome affinity purification and RNA sequencing). After inoculation with the vascular pathogen Verticillium longisporum, pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora parasitica, or mutualistic endophyte Serendipita indica, root cell-layer responses reflected the fundamentally different colonization strategies of these microbes. Notably, V. longisporum specifically suppressed the endodermal barrier, which restricts fungal progression, allowing microbial access to the root central cylinder. Moreover, localized biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds and ethylene differed in response to pathogens and mutualists. These examples highlight the power of this resource to gain insights into root-microbe interactions and to develop strategies in crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fröschel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jaqueline Komorek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agnès Attard
- INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Université Côte d'Azur, 400 Route des Chappes, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Alexander Marsell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - William A Lopez-Arboleda
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, CCTB, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Klara-Oppenheimer-Weg 32, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joëlle Le Berre
- INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Université Côte d'Azur, 400 Route des Chappes, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Elmar Wolf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Université de Lausanne, Biophore Building, Unil-Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frank Waller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Korte
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, CCTB, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Klara-Oppenheimer-Weg 32, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dröge-Laser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
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Sun K, Zhang W, Yuan J, Song SL, Wu H, Tang MJ, Xu FJ, Xie XG, Dai CC. Nitrogen fertilizer-regulated plant-fungi interaction is related to root invertase-induced hexose generation. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5869223. [PMID: 32643762 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying nitrogen (N)-regulated plant-fungi interactions are not well understood. N application modulates plant carbohydrate (C) sinks and is involved in the overall plant-fungal association. We hypothesized that N regulates plant-fungi interactions by influencing the carbohydrate metabolism. The mutualistic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris was found to prioritize host hexose resources through in vitro culture assays and in planta inoculation. Rice-Ph. liquidambaris systems were exposed to N gradients ranging from N-deficient to N-abundant conditions to study whether and how the sugar composition was involved in the dynamics of N-mediated fungal colonization. We found that root soluble acid invertases were activated, resulting in increased hexose fluxes in inoculated roots. These fluxes positively influenced fungal colonization, especially under N-deficient conditions. Further experiments manipulating the carbohydrate composition and root invertase activity through sugar feeding, chemical treatments and the use of different soil types revealed that the external disturbance of root invertase could reduce endophytic colonization and eliminate endophyte-induced host benefits under N-deficient conditions. Collectively, these results suggest that the activation of root invertase is related to N deficiency-enhanced endophytic colonization via increased hexose generation. Certain combinations of farmland ecosystems with suitable N inputs could be implemented to maximize the benefits of plant-fungi associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shi-Li Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Jun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fang-Ji Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing-Guang Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
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Sood M, Kapoor D, Kumar V, Sheteiwy MS, Ramakrishnan M, Landi M, Araniti F, Sharma A. Trichoderma: The "Secrets" of a Multitalented Biocontrol Agent. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060762. [PMID: 32570799 PMCID: PMC7355703 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The plant-Trichoderma-pathogen triangle is a complicated web of numerous processes. Trichoderma spp. are avirulent opportunistic plant symbionts. In addition to being successful plant symbiotic organisms, Trichoderma spp. also behave as a low cost, effective and ecofriendly biocontrol agent. They can set themselves up in various patho-systems, have minimal impact on the soil equilibrium and do not impair useful organisms that contribute to the control of pathogens. This symbiotic association in plants leads to the acquisition of plant resistance to pathogens, improves developmental processes and yields and promotes absorption of nutrient and fertilizer use efficiency. Among other biocontrol mechanisms, antibiosis, competition and mycoparasitism are among the main features through which microorganisms, including Thrichoderma, react to the presence of other competitive pathogenic organisms, thereby preventing or obstructing their development. Stimulation of every process involves the biosynthesis of targeted metabolites like plant growth regulators, enzymes, siderophores, antibiotics, etc. This review summarizes the biological control activity exerted by Trichoderma spp. and sheds light on the recent progress in pinpointing the ecological significance of Trichoderma at the biochemical and molecular level in the rhizosphere as well as the benefits of symbiosis to the plant host in terms of physiological and biochemical mechanisms. From an applicative point of view, the evidence provided herein strongly supports the possibility to use Trichoderma as a safe, ecofriendly and effective biocontrol agent for different crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sood
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (M.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (M.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Vipul Kumar
- School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India;
| | - Mohamed S. Sheteiwy
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Muthusamy Ramakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, University of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Dipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, SNC I-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (A.S.)
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12
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Manzotti A, Bergna A, Burow M, Jørgensen HJL, Cernava T, Berg G, Collinge DB, Jensen B. Insights into the community structure and lifestyle of the fungal root endophytes of tomato by combining amplicon sequencing and isolation approaches with phytohormone profiling. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:fiaa052. [PMID: 32239208 PMCID: PMC7174037 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the influence of host genotype and phytohormones on the composition of fungal endophytic communities. We investigated the influence of host genotype and phytohormones on the structure of the fungal endophytic communities of tomato roots by amplicon sequencing of the ITS1 region and combined this approach with isolation and functional characterization of the isolates. A significant effect of the host genotype on the dominant fungal species was found by comparing the cultivars Castlemart and UC82B and, surprisingly, root pathogens were among the most abundant taxa. In contrast, smaller changes in the relative abundance of the dominant species were found in mutants impaired in jasmonic acid biosynthesis (def1) and ethylene biosynthesis (8338) compared to the respective wild types. However, def1 showed significantly higher species richness compared to the wild type. Analysis of the phytohormone profiles of these genotypes indicates that changes in the phytohormone balance may contribute to this difference in species richness. Assessing the lifestyle of isolated fungi on tomato seedlings revealed the presence of both beneficial endophytes and latent pathogens in roots of asymptomatic plants, suggesting that the interactions between members of the microbiome maintain the equilibrium in the community preventing pathogens from causing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Manzotti
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Bergna
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Meike Burow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hans J L Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - David B Collinge
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Birgit Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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13
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Arora M, Saxena P, Abdin MZ, Varma A. Interaction between Piriformospora indica and Azotobacter chroococcum diminish the effect of salt stress in Artemisia annua L. by enhancing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Symbiosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-019-00656-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Zhang W, Yuan J, Cheng T, Tang MJ, Sun K, Song SL, Xu FJ, Dai CC. Flowering-mediated root-fungus symbiosis loss is related to jasmonate-dependent root soluble sugar deprivation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:3208-3226. [PMID: 31373013 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The role of flowering in root-fungal symbiosis is not well understood. Because flowering and fungal symbionts are supported by carbohydrates, we hypothesized that flowering modulates root-beneficial fungal associations through alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and transport. We monitored fungal colonization and soluble sugars in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana following inoculation with a mutualistic fungus Phomopsis liquidambari across different plant developmental stages. Jasmonate signalling of wild-type plants, sugar transport, and root invertase of wild-type and jasmonate-insensitive plants were exploited to assess whether and how jasmonate-dependent sugar dynamics are involved in flowering-mediated fungal colonization alterations. We found that flowering restricts root-fungal colonization and activates root jasmonate signalling upon fungal inoculation. Jasmonates reduce the constitutive and fungus-induced accumulation of root glucose and fructose at the flowering stage. Further experiments with sugar transport and metabolism mutant lines revealed that root glucose and fructose positively influence fungal colonization. Diurnal, jasmonate-dependent inhibitions of sugar transport and soluble invertase activity were identified as likely mechanisms for flowering-mediated root sugar depletion upon fungal inoculation. Collectively, our results reveal that flowering drives root-fungus cooperation loss, which is related to jasmonate-dependent root soluble sugar depletion. Limiting the spread of root-fungal colonization may direct more resources to flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Jun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Li Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang-Ji Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Liu H, Senthilkumar R, Ma G, Zou Q, Zhu K, Shen X, Tian D, Hua MS, Oelmüller R, Yeh KW. Piriformospora indica-induced phytohormone changes and root colonization strategies are highly host-specific. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1632688. [PMID: 31230564 PMCID: PMC6768275 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1632688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Piriformospora indica, an endophytic fungus of Sebacinales, has a wide host range and promotes the performance of mono- and eudicot plants. Here, we compare the interaction of P. indica with the roots of seven host plants (Anthurium andraeanum, Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica campestris, Lycopersicon esculentum, Oncidium orchid, Oryza sativa, and Zea mays). Microscopical analyses showed that the colonization time and the mode of hyphal invasion into the roots differ in the symbiotic interactions. Substantial differences between the species were also observed for the levels and accumulation of jasmonate (JA) and gibberellin (GA) and the transcript levels for genes involved in their syntheses. No obvious correlation could be detected between the endogenous JA and/or GA levels and the time point of root colonization in a given plant species. Our results suggest that root colonization strategies and changes in the two phytohormone levels are highly host-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichun Liu
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rajendran Senthilkumar
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Academia Sinica-Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guangying Ma
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingcheng Zou
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyuan Zhu
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Shen
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danqing Tian
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Moda Sang Hua
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Matthias-Schleiden Institute, Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Kai Wun Yeh
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Su Y, Xiao X, Ling H, Huang N, Liu F, Su W, Zhang Y, Xu L, Muhammad K, Que Y. A dynamic degradome landscape on miRNAs and their predicted targets in sugarcane caused by Sporisorium scitamineum stress. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:57. [PMID: 30658590 PMCID: PMC6339412 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane smut is a fungal disease caused by Sporisorium scitamineum. Cultivation of smut-resistant sugarcane varieties is the most effective way to control this disease. The interaction between sugarcane and S. scitamineum is a complex network system. However, to date, there is no report on the identification of microRNA (miRNA) target genes of sugarcane in response to smut pathogen infection by degradome technology. RESULTS TaqMan qRT-PCR detection and enzyme activity determination showed that S. scitamineum rapidly proliferated and incurred significant enzyme activity changes in the reactive oxygen species metabolic pathway and phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway at 2 d and 5 d after inoculation, which was the best time points to study target gene degradation during sugarcane and S. scitamineum interaction. A total of 122.33 Mb of raw data was obtained from degradome sequencing analysis of YC05-179 (smut-resistant) and ROC22 (smut-susceptible) after inoculation. The Q30 of each sample was > 93%, and the sequence used for degradation site analysis exactly matched the sugarcane reference sequence. A total of 309 target genes were predicted in sugarcane, corresponding to 97 known miRNAs and 112 novel miRNAs, and 337 degradation sites, suggesting that miRNAs can efficiently direct cleavage at multiple sites in the predicted target mRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that the predicted target genes were involved in various regulatory processes, such as signal transduction mechanisms, inorganic ion transport and metabolism, defense mechanisms, translation, posttranslational modifications, energy production and conversion, and glycerolipid metabolism. qRT-PCR analysis of the expression level of 13 predicted target genes and their corresponding miRNAs revealed that there was no obvious negative regulatory relationship between miRNAs and their target genes. In addition, a number of putative resistance-related target genes regulated by miRNA-mediated cleavage were accumulated in sugarcane during S. scitamineum infection, suggesting that feedback regulation of miRNAs may be involved in the response of sugarcane to S. scitamineum infection. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidates the underlying response of sugarcane to S. scitamineum infection, and also provides a resource for miRNAs and their predicted target genes for smut resistance improvement in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Xinhuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Hui Ling
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Ning Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Weihua Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Yuye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Khushi Muhammad
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300 Pakistan
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
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17
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Xu L, Wu C, Oelmüller R, Zhang W. Role of Phytohormones in Piriformospora indica-Induced Growth Promotion and Stress Tolerance in Plants: More Questions Than Answers. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1646. [PMID: 30140257 PMCID: PMC6094092 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones play vital roles in the growth and development of plants as well as in interactions of plants with microbes such as endophytic fungi. The endophytic root-colonizing fungus Piriformospora indica promotes plant growth and performance, increases resistance of colonized plants to pathogens, insects and abiotic stress. Here, we discuss the roles of the phytohormones (auxins, cytokinin, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid, jasmonates, and brassinosteroids) in the interaction of P. indica with higher plant species, and compare available data with those from other (beneficial) microorganisms interacting with roots. Crosstalks between different hormones in balancing the plant responses to microbial signals is an emerging topic in current research. Furthermore, phytohormones play crucial roles in systemic signal propagation as well as interplant communication. P. indica interferes with plant hormone synthesis and signaling to stimulate growth, flowering time, differentiation and local and systemic immune responses. Plants adjust their hormone levels in the roots in response to the microbes to control colonization and fungal propagation. The available information on the roles of phytohormones in beneficial root-microbe interactions opens new questions of how P. indica manipulates the plant hormone metabolism to promote the benefits for both partners in the symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chu Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Matthias-Schleiden-Institute, Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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18
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Bajaj R, Huang Y, Gebrechristos S, Mikolajczyk B, Brown H, Prasad R, Varma A, Bushley KE. Transcriptional responses of soybean roots to colonization with the root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica reveals altered phenylpropanoid and secondary metabolism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10227. [PMID: 29980739 PMCID: PMC6035220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Piriformospora indica, a root endophytic fungus, has been shown to enhance biomass production and confer tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses in many plant hosts. A growth chamber experiment of soybean (Glycine max) colonized by P. indica compared to uninoculated control plants showed that the fungus significantly increased shoot dry weight, nutrient content, and rhizobial biomass. RNA-Seq analyses of root tissue showed upregulation of 61 genes and downregulation of 238 genes in colonized plants. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses demonstrated that upregulated genes were most significantly enriched in GO categories related to lignin biosynthesis and regulation of iron transport and metabolism but also mapped to categories of nutrient acquisition, hormone signaling, and response to drought stress. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed upregulation of genes within the phenylpropanoid and derivative pathways such as biosynthesis of monolignol subunits, flavonoids and flavonols (luteolin and quercetin), and iron scavenging siderophores. Highly enriched downregulated GO categories included heat shock proteins involved in response to heat, high-light intensity, hydrogen peroxide, and several related to plant defense. Overall, these results suggest that soybean maintains an association with this root endosymbiotic fungus that improves plant growth and nutrient acquisition, modulates abiotic stress, and promotes synergistic interactions with rhizobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Bajaj
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Yinyin Huang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Sebhat Gebrechristos
- Master of Biological Sciences Program, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Brian Mikolajczyk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Heather Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ram Prasad
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Kathryn E Bushley
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
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19
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Jisha S, Gouri PR, Anith KN, Sabu KK. Piriformospora indica cell wall extract as the best elicitor for asiaticoside production in Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, evidenced by morphological, physiological and molecular analyses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 125:106-115. [PMID: 29438895 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Vascular plants synthesise a multitude of organic molecules or phytochemicals, referred to as "secondary metabolites". These molecules are involved in a variety of roles in the life span of plants, ranging from structural ones to protection. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban has probably been used since prehistoric times and has been reported to have been used for various medicinal and cosmetic purposes. The plant contains several active constituents, of which the most important is asiaticoside, a triterpenoid. Asiaticoside content in C. asiatica can be enhanced by the use of biotic elicitors like Piriformospora indica. P. indica has been used as a model to study the mechanisms and evolution of mutualistic symbiosis. P. indica is similar to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in terms of plant growth promotional effects. The autoclaved fraction from P. indica (PiCWE) was found to be the most active fraction in promoting the plant biomass and asiaticoside content. To date, there are no reports on the potential role of PiCWE in enhancement of asiaticoside over the control and P. indica colonized plants, which was evidenced by the differential expression of key genes involved and final asiaticoside content along with the determination of phytohormones. Moreover, differential expression of selected miRNAs in PiCWE - C. asiatica root interactions over the control and P. indica treated C. asiatica leaf samples was also scrutinized. The important consequence of induction with PiCWE was the significant enhancement of asiaticoside in the PiCWE induced plants in comparison with the asiaticoside content in control and P. indica-C. asiatica interaction. In addition, the role of miRNAs in C. asiatica - PiCWE would enable more in-depth studies for deciphering the molecular and physiological mechanisms of the association and regulation of PiCWE - C. asiatica interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jisha
- Division of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, Kerala, India
| | - P R Gouri
- Division of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, Kerala, India
| | - K N Anith
- Division of Microbiology, Kerala Agricultural University, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 522, Kerala, India
| | - K K Sabu
- Division of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, Kerala, India.
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20
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Daneshkhah R, Grundler FMW, Wieczorek K. The Role of MPK6 as Mediator of Ethylene/Jasmonic Acid Signaling in Serendipita indica-Colonized Arabidopsis Roots. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER 2018; 36:284-294. [PMID: 29875545 PMCID: PMC5966479 DOI: 10.1007/s11105-018-1077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Serendipita indica is an axenically cultivable fungus, which colonizes a broad range of plant species including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Root colonization by this endophyte leads to enhanced plant fitness and performance and promotes resistance against different biotic and abiotic stresses. The involvement of MPK6 in this mutualistic interaction had been previously shown with an mpk6 A. thaliana mutant, which failed to respond to S. indica colonization. Here, we demonstrate that mpk6 roots are significantly less colonized by S. indica compared to wild-type roots and the foliar application of plant hormones, ethylene, or jasmonic acid, restores the colonization rate at least to the wild-type level. Further, hormone-treated mpk6 plants show typical S. indica-induced growth promotion effects. Moreover, expression levels of several genes related to plant defense and hormone signaling are significantly changed at different colonization phases. Our results demonstrate that the successful root colonization by S. indica depends on efficient suppression of plant immune responses. In A. thaliana, this process relies on intact hormone signaling in which MPK6 seems to play a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Daneshkhah
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln on the Danube, Austria
| | - F. M. W. Grundler
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Molecular Phytomedicine, University Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Wieczorek
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln on the Danube, Austria
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21
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Arora M, Saxena P, Abdin MZ, Varma A. Interaction between Piriformospora indica and Azotobacter chroococcum governs better plant physiological and biochemical parameters in Artemisia annua L. plants grown under in vitro conditions. Symbiosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-017-0519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Hacquard S, Spaepen S, Garrido-Oter R, Schulze-Lefert P. Interplay Between Innate Immunity and the Plant Microbiota. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 55:565-589. [PMID: 28645232 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system of plants recognizes microbial pathogens and terminates their growth. However, recent findings suggest that at least one layer of this system is also engaged in cooperative plant-microbe interactions and influences host colonization by beneficial microbial communities. This immune layer involves sensing of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that initiate quantitative immune responses to control host-microbial load, whereas diversification of MAMPs and PRRs emerges as a mechanism that locally sculpts microbial assemblages in plant populations. This suggests a more complex microbial management role of the innate immune system for controlled accommodation of beneficial microbes and in pathogen elimination. The finding that similar molecular strategies are deployed by symbionts and pathogens to dampen immune responses is consistent with this hypothesis but implies different selective pressures on the immune system due to contrasting outcomes on plant fitness. The reciprocal interplay between microbiota and the immune system likely plays a critical role in shaping beneficial plant-microbiota combinations and maintaining microbial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Hacquard
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Stijn Spaepen
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Ruben Garrido-Oter
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany;
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul Schulze-Lefert
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany;
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Zavala-Gonzalez EA, Rodríguez-Cazorla E, Escudero N, Aranda-Martinez A, Martínez-Laborda A, Ramírez-Lepe M, Vera A, Lopez-Llorca LV. Arabidopsis thaliana root colonization by the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia is modulated by jasmonate signaling and leads to accelerated flowering and improved yield. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:351-364. [PMID: 27456071 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pochonia chlamydosporia has been intensively studied in nematode control of different crops. We have investigated the interaction between P. chlamydosporia and the model system Arabidopsis thaliana under laboratory conditions in the absence of nematodes. This study demonstrates that P. chlamydosporia colonizes A. thaliana. Root colonization monitored with green fluorescent protein-tagged P. chlamydosporia and quantitative PCR (qPCR) quantitation methods revealed root cell invasion. Fungal inoculation reduced flowering time and stimulated plant growth, as determined by total FW increase, faster development of inflorescences and siliques, and a higher yield in terms of seed production per plant. Precocious flowering was associated with significant expression changes in key flowering-time genes. In addition, we also provided molecular and genetic evidence that point towards jasmonate signaling as an important factor to modulate progression of plant colonization by the fungus. Our results indicate that P. chlamydosporia provides benefits to the plant in addition to its nematophagous activity. This report highlights the potential of P. chlamydosporia to improve yield in economically important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto A Zavala-Gonzalez
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES) 'Ramon Margalef', Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Aptdo. 99, Alicante, 03080, Spain
- Food Research and Development Unit (UNIDA), Laboratory of Genetics, Technological Institute of Veracruz, Veracruz, 91897, México
| | | | - Nuria Escudero
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES) 'Ramon Margalef', Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Aptdo. 99, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - Almudena Aranda-Martinez
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES) 'Ramon Margalef', Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Aptdo. 99, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | | | - Mario Ramírez-Lepe
- Food Research and Development Unit (UNIDA), Laboratory of Genetics, Technological Institute of Veracruz, Veracruz, 91897, México
| | - Antonio Vera
- Area de Genética, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Sant Joan, Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - Luis V Lopez-Llorca
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES) 'Ramon Margalef', Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Aptdo. 99, Alicante, 03080, Spain
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Cosme M, Lu J, Erb M, Stout MJ, Franken P, Wurst S. A fungal endophyte helps plants to tolerate root herbivory through changes in gibberellin and jasmonate signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:1065-76. [PMID: 27061745 PMCID: PMC5071772 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant-microbe mutualisms can improve plant defense, but the impact of root endophytes on below-ground herbivore interactions remains unknown. We investigated the effects of the root endophyte Piriformospora indica on interactions between rice (Oryza sativa) plants and its root herbivore rice water weevil (RWW; Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), and how plant jasmonic acid (JA) and GA regulate this tripartite interaction. Glasshouse experiments with wild-type rice and coi1-18 and Eui1-OX mutants combined with nutrient, jasmonate and gene expression analyses were used to test: whether RWW adult herbivory above ground influences subsequent damage caused by larval herbivory below ground; whether P. indica protects plants against RWW; and whether GA and JA signaling mediate these interactions. The endophyte induced plant tolerance to root herbivory. RWW adults and larvae acted synergistically via JA signaling to reduce root growth, while endophyte-elicited GA biosynthesis suppressed the herbivore-induced JA in roots and recovered plant growth. Our study shows for the first time the impact of a root endophyte on plant defense against below-ground herbivores, adds to growing evidence that induced tolerance may be an important root defense, and implicates GA as a signal component of inducible plant tolerance against biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cosme
- Functional BiodiversityDahlem Center of Plant SciencesInstitute of BiologyFreie Universität BerlinKönigin‐Luise‐Straße 1–314195BerlinGermany
- Department of Plant PropagationLeibniz‐Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsKühnhäuser Straße 10199090Erfurt‐KühnhausenGermany
- Plant–Microbe InteractionsDepartment of BiologyFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityPO Box 800.563508 TBUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans‐Knoell‐Str. 807745JenaGermany
- Institute of Insect ScienceZijingang CampusZhejiang UniversityYuhangtang Road 866Hangzhou310058China
| | - Matthias Erb
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans‐Knoell‐Str. 807745JenaGermany
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernAltenbergrain 213013BernSwitzerland
| | - Michael Joseph Stout
- Department of EntomologyLouisiana State University Agricultural Center404 Life Sciences BuildingBaton RougeLA70803USA
| | - Philipp Franken
- Department of Plant PropagationLeibniz‐Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsKühnhäuser Straße 10199090Erfurt‐KühnhausenGermany
- Department of Plant PhysiologyHumboldt Universität zu BerlinPhilippstrasse 1310115BerlinGermany
| | - Susanne Wurst
- Functional BiodiversityDahlem Center of Plant SciencesInstitute of BiologyFreie Universität BerlinKönigin‐Luise‐Straße 1–314195BerlinGermany
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25
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Ghaffari MR, Ghabooli M, Khatabi B, Hajirezaei MR, Schweizer P, Salekdeh GH. Metabolic and transcriptional response of central metabolism affected by root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica under salinity in barley. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 90:699-717. [PMID: 26951140 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica enhances plant adaptation to environmental stress based on general and non-specific plant species mechanisms. In the present study, we integrated the ionomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics data to identify the genes and metabolic regulatory networks conferring salt tolerance in P. indica-colonized barley plants. To this end, leaf samples were harvested at control (0 mM NaCl) and severe salt stress (300 mM NaCl) in P. indica-colonized and non-inoculated barley plants 4 weeks after fungal inoculation. The metabolome analysis resulted in an identification of a signature containing 14 metabolites and ions conferring tolerance to salt stress. Gene expression analysis has led to the identification of 254 differentially expressed genes at 0 mM NaCl and 391 genes at 300 mM NaCl in P. indica-colonized compared to non-inoculated samples. The integration of metabolome and transcriptome analysis indicated that the major and minor carbohydrate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and ethylene biosynthesis pathway might play a role in systemic salt-tolerance in leaf tissue induced by the root-colonized fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Ghaffari
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghabooli
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
| | - Behnam Khatabi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Hajirezaei
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Patrick Schweizer
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
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Gill SS, Gill R, Trivedi DK, Anjum NA, Sharma KK, Ansari MW, Ansari AA, Johri AK, Prasad R, Pereira E, Varma A, Tuteja N. Piriformospora indica: Potential and Significance in Plant Stress Tolerance. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:332. [PMID: 27047458 PMCID: PMC4801890 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to its exceptional ability to efficiently promote plant growth, protection and stress tolerance, a mycorrhiza like endophytic Agaricomycetes fungus Piriformospora indica has received a great attention over the last few decades. P. indica is an axenically cultiviable fungus which exhibits its versatility for colonizing/hosting a broad range of plant species through directly manipulating plant hormone-signaling pathway during the course of mutualism. P. indica-root colonization leads to a better plant performance in all respect, including enhanced root proliferation by indole-3-acetic acid production which in turn results into better nutrient-acquisition and subsequently to improved crop growth and productivity. Additionally, P. indica can induce both local and systemic resistance to fungal and viral plant diseases through signal transduction. P. indica-mediated stimulation in antioxidant defense system components and expressing stress-related genes can confer crop/plant stress tolerance. Therefore, P. indica can biotize micropropagated plantlets and also help these plants to overcome transplantation shock. Nevertheless, it can also be involved in a more complex symbiotic relationship, such as tripartite symbiosis and can enhance population dynamic of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. In brief, P. indica can be utilized as a plant promoter, bio-fertilizer, bioprotector, bioregulator, and biotization agent. The outcome of the recent literature appraised herein will help us to understand the physiological and molecular bases of mechanisms underlying P. indica-crop plant mutual relationship. Together, the discussion will be functional to comprehend the usefulness of crop plant-P. indica association in both achieving new insights into crop protection/improvement as well as in sustainable agriculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvajeet S Gill
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, India
| | - Ritu Gill
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, India
| | - Dipesh K Trivedi
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi, India
| | - Naser A Anjum
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Krishna K Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, India
| | - Mohammed W Ansari
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi, India
| | - Abid A Ansari
- Department of Biology, University of Tabuk Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atul K Johri
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi, India
| | - Ram Prasad
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Noida, India
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Noida, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Noida, India
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Contreras-Cornejo HA, Macías-Rodríguez L, del-Val E, Larsen J. Ecological functions ofTrichodermaspp. and their secondary metabolites in the rhizosphere: interactions with plants. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw036. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Broekgaarden C, Caarls L, Vos IA, Pieterse CMJ, Van Wees SCM. Ethylene: Traffic Controller on Hormonal Crossroads to Defense. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2371-9. [PMID: 26482888 PMCID: PMC4677896 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene (ET) is an important hormone in plant responses to microbial pathogens and herbivorous insects, and in the interaction of plants with beneficial microbes and insects. Early ET signaling events during these biotic interactions involve activities of mitogen-activated protein kinases and ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR transcription factors. Rather than being the principal regulator, ET often modulates defense signaling pathways, including those regulated by jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. Hormonal signal integrations with ET steer the defense signaling network to activate specific defenses that can have direct effects on attackers, or systemically prime distant plant parts for enhanced defense against future attack. ET also regulates volatile signals that attract carnivorous enemies of herbivores or warn neighboring plants. Conversely, ET signaling can also be exploited by attackers to hijack the defense signaling network to suppress effective defenses. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the significant role of ET in the plants' battle against their enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Broekgaarden
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Caarls
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Irene A Vos
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia C M Van Wees
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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29
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Peskan-Berghöfer T, Vilches-Barro A, Müller TM, Glawischnig E, Reichelt M, Gershenzon J, Rausch T. Sustained exposure to abscisic acid enhances the colonization potential of the mutualist fungus Piriformospora indica on Arabidopsis thaliana roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:873-886. [PMID: 26075497 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Root colonization by the beneficial fungus Piriformospora indica is controlled by plant innate immunity, but factors that channel this interaction into a mutualistic relationship are not known. We have explored the impact of abscisic acid (ABA) and osmotic stress on the P. indica interaction with Arabidopsis thaliana. The activation of plant innate immunity in roots was determined by measuring the concentration of the phytoalexin camalexin and expression of transcription factors regulating the biosynthesis of tryptophan-related defence metabolites. Furthermore, the impact of the fungus on the content of ABA, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-related metabolites was examined. We demonstrated that treatment with exogenous ABA or the ABA analogue pyrabactin increased fungal colonization efficiency without impairment of plant fitness. Concomitantly, ABA-deficient mutants of A. thaliana (aba1-6 and aba2-1) were less colonized, while plants exposed to moderate stress were more colonized than corresponding controls. Sustained exposure to ABA attenuated expression of transcription factors MYB51, MYB122 and WRKY33 in roots upon P. indica challenge or chitin treatment, and prevented an increase in camalexin content. The results indicate that ABA can strengthen the interaction with P. indica as a consequence of its impact on plant innate immunity. Consequently, ABA will be relevant for the establishment and outcome of the symbiosis under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amaya Vilches-Barro
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, INF360, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa M Müller
- LS Genetik, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Erich Glawischnig
- LS Genetik, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- MPI für Chemische Ökologie, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Rausch
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, INF360, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Combined effects of Piriformospora indica and Azotobacter chroococcum enhance plant growth, antioxidant potential and steviol glycoside content in Stevia rebaudiana. Symbiosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-015-0347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Contreras-Cornejo HA, López-Bucio JS, Méndez-Bravo A, Macías-Rodríguez L, Ramos-Vega M, Guevara-García ÁA, López-Bucio J. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 6 and Ethylene and Auxin Signaling Pathways Are Involved in Arabidopsis Root-System Architecture Alterations by Trichoderma atroviride. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:701-10. [PMID: 26067203 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-15-0005-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma atroviride is a symbiotic fungus that interacts with roots and stimulates plant growth and defense. Here, we show that Arabidopsis seedlings cocultivated with T. atroviride have an altered root architecture and greater biomass compared with axenically grown seedlings. These effects correlate with increased activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6). The primary roots of mpk6 mutants showed an enhanced growth inhibition by T. atroviride when compared with wild-type (WT) plants, while T. atroviride increases MPK6 activity in WT roots. It was also found that T. atroviride produces ethylene (ET), which increases with l-methionine supply to the fungal growth medium. Analysis of growth and development of WT seedlings and etr1, ein2, and ein3 ET-related Arabidopsis mutants indicates a role for ET in root responses to the fungus, since etr1 and ein2 mutants show defective root-hair induction and enhanced primary-root growth inhibition when cocultivated with T. atroviride. Increased MPK6 activity was evidenced in roots of ctr1 mutants, which correlated with repression of primary root growth, thus connecting MPK6 signaling with an ET response pathway. Auxin-inducible gene expression analysis using the DR5:uidA reporter construct further revealed that ET affects auxin signaling through the central regulator CTR1 and that fungal-derived compounds, such as indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-acetaldehyde, induce MPK6 activity. Our results suggest that T. atroviride likely alters root-system architecture modulating MPK6 activity and ET and auxin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo
- 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Jesús Salvador López-Bucio
- 2 Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Alejandro Méndez-Bravo
- 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Lourdes Macías-Rodríguez
- 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Maricela Ramos-Vega
- 2 Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ángel Arturo Guevara-García
- 2 Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - José López-Bucio
- 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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Mandyam KG, Jumpponen A. Mutualism-parasitism paradigm synthesized from results of root-endophyte models. Front Microbiol 2015; 5:776. [PMID: 25628615 PMCID: PMC4290590 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant tissues host a variety of fungi. One important group is the dark septate endophytes (DSEs) that colonize plant roots and form characteristic intracellular structures - melanized hyphae and microsclerotia. The DSE associations are common and frequently observed in various biomes and plant taxa. Reviews suggest that the proportion of plant species colonized by DSE equal that colonized by AM and microscopic studies show that the proportion of the root system colonized by fungi DSE can equal, or even exceed, the colonization by AM fungi. Despite the high frequency and suspected ecological importance, the effects of DSE colonization on plant growth and performance have remained unclear. Here, we draw from over a decade of experimentation with the obscure DSE symbiosis and synthesize across large bodies of published and unpublished data from Arabidopsis thaliana and Allium porrum model systems as well as from experiments that use native plants to better resolve the host responses to DSE colonization. The data indicate similar distribution of host responses in model and native plant studies, validating the use of model plants for tractable dissection of DSE symbioses. The available data also permit empirical testing of the environmental modulation of host responses to DSE colonization and refining the "mutualism-parasitism-continuum" paradigm for DSE symbioses. These data highlight the context dependency of the DSE symbioses: not only plant species but also ecotypes vary in their responses to populations of conspecific DSE fungi - environmental conditions further shift the host responses similar to those predicted based on the mutualism-parasitism-continuum paradigm. The model systems provide several established avenues of inquiry that permit more detailed molecular and functional dissection of fungal endophyte symbioses, identifying thus likely mechanisms that may underlie the observed host responses to endophyte colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Jumpponen
- Division of Biology, Ecological Genomics Institute, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, USA
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Banhara A, Ding Y, Kühner R, Zuccaro A, Parniske M. Colonization of root cells and plant growth promotion by Piriformospora indica occurs independently of plant common symbiosis genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:667. [PMID: 26441999 PMCID: PMC4585188 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi (Glomeromycota) form symbiosis with and deliver nutrients via the roots of most angiosperms. AM fungal hyphae are taken up by living root epidermal cells, a program which relies on a set of plant common symbiosis genes (CSGs). Plant root epidermal cells are also infected by the plant growth-promoting fungus Piriformospora indica (Basidiomycota), raising the question whether this interaction relies on the AM-related CSGs. Here we show that intracellular colonization of root cells and intracellular sporulation by P. indica occurred in CSG mutants of the legume Lotus japonicus and in Arabidopsis thaliana, which belongs to the Brassicaceae, a family that has lost the ability to form AM as well as a core set of CSGs. A. thaliana mutants of homologs of CSGs (HCSGs) interacted with P. indica similar to the wild-type. Moreover, increased biomass of A. thaliana evoked by P. indica was unaltered in HCSG mutants. We conclude that colonization and growth promotion by P. indica are independent of the CSGs and that AM fungi and P. indica exploit different host pathways for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Banhara
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of MunichMartinsried, Germany
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial MicrobiologyMarburg, Germany
| | - Regina Kühner
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of MunichMartinsried, Germany
| | - Alga Zuccaro
- Department of Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial MicrobiologyMarburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Botanical Institute, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Martin Parniske
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of MunichMartinsried, Germany
- *Correspondence: Martin Parniske, Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), Großhaderner Strasse 4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Akum FN, Steinbrenner J, Biedenkopf D, Imani J, Kogel KH. The Piriformospora indica effector PIIN_08944 promotes the mutualistic Sebacinalean symbiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:906. [PMID: 26579156 PMCID: PMC4620400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic and mutualistic microbes actively suppress plant defense by secreting effector proteins to manipulate the host responses for their own benefit. Current knowledge about fungal effectors has been mainly derived from biotrophic and hemibiotrophic plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes with restricted host range. We studied colonization strategies of the root endophytic basidiomycete Piriformospora indica that colonizes a wide range of plant species thereby establishing long-term mutualistic relationships. The release of P. indica's genome helped to identify hundreds of genes coding for candidate effectors and provides an opportunity to investigate the role of those proteins in a mutualistic symbiosis. We demonstrate that the candidate effector PIIN_08944 plays a crucial role during fungal colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. PIIN_08944 expression was detected during chlamydospore germination, and fungal deletion mutants (PiΔ08944) showed delayed root colonization. Constitutive over-expression of PIIN_08944 in Arabidopsis rescued the delayed colonization phenotype of the deletion mutant. PIIN_08944-expressing Arabidopsis showed a reduced expression of flg22-induced marker genes of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and the salicylic acid (SA) defense pathway, and expression of PIIN_08944 in barley reduced the burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by flg22 and chitin. These data suggest that PIIN_08944 contributes to root colonization by P. indica by interfering with SA-mediated basal immune responses of the host plant. Consistent with this, PIIN_08944-expressing Arabidopsis also supported the growth of the biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis while growth of the necrotrophic fungi Botrytis cinerea on Arabidopsis and Fusarium graminearum on barley was not affected.
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Zhao X, Zhang J, Chen C, Yang J, Zhu H, Liu M, Lv F. Deep sequencing-based comparative transcriptional profiles of Cymbidium hybridum roots in response to mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal beneficial fungi. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:747. [PMID: 25174959 PMCID: PMC4162972 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Orchidaceae is one of the largest families in the plant kingdom and orchid mycorrhizae (OM) are indispensable in the life cycle of all orchids under natural conditions. In spite of this, little is known concerning the mechanisms underlying orchid- mycorrhizal fungi interactions. Our previous work demonstrated that the non-mycorrhizal fungus Umbelopsis nana ZH3A-3 could improve the symbiotic effects of orchid mycorrhizal fungus Epulorhiza repens ML01 by co-cultivation with Cymbidium hybridum plantlets. Thus, we investigated the C. hybridum transcript profile associated with different beneficial fungi. Results More than 54,993,972 clean reads were obtained from un-normalized cDNA library prepared from fungal- and mock- treated Cymbidium roots at four time points using RNA-seq technology. These reads were assembled into 16,798 unique transcripts, with a mean length of 1127 bp. A total of 10,971 (65.31%) sequences were annotated based on BLASTX results and over ninety percent of which were assigned to plant origin. The digital gene expression profiles in Cymbidium root at 15 days post inoculation revealed that 1674, 845 and 1743 genes were sigificantly regulated in response to ML01, ZH3A-3 and ML01+ ZH3A-3 treatments, respectively. Twenty-six genes in different regulation patterns were validated using quantitative RT-PCR. Our analysis showed that general defense responses were co- induced by three treatments, including cell wall modification, reactive oxygen species detoxification, secondary biosynthesis and hormone balance. Genes involved in phosphate transport and root morphogenesis were also detected to be up-regulated collectively. Among the OM specifically induced transcripts, genes related to signaling, protein metabolism and processing, defense, transport and auxin response were identifed. Aside from these orchid transcripts, some putative fungal genes were also identified in symbiotic roots related to plant cell wall degradation, remodeling the fungal cell wall and nutrient transport. Conclusion The orchid root transcriptome will facilitate our understanding of orchid - associated biological mechanism. The comparative expression profiling revealed that the transcriptional reprogramming by OM symbiosis generally overlapped that of arbuscular mycorrhizas and ectomycorrhizas. The molecular basis of OM formation and function will improve our knowledge of plant- mycorrhzial fungi interactions, and their effects on plant and fungal growth, development and differentiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-747) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fubing Lv
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, East 1st Street 1, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
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Plett JM, Khachane A, Ouassou M, Sundberg B, Kohler A, Martin F. Ethylene and jasmonic acid act as negative modulators during mutualistic symbiosis between Laccaria bicolor and Populus roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:270-286. [PMID: 24383411 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormones ethylene, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid have interconnecting roles during the response of plant tissues to mutualistic and pathogenic symbionts. We used morphological studies of transgenic- or hormone-treated Populus roots as well as whole-genome oligoarrays to examine how these hormones affect root colonization by the mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor S238N. We found that genes regulated by ethylene, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid were regulated in the late stages of the interaction between L. bicolor and poplar. Both ethylene and jasmonic acid treatments were found to impede fungal colonization of roots, and this effect was correlated to an increase in the expression of certain transcription factors (e.g. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1) and a decrease in the expression of genes associated with microbial perception and cell wall modification. Further, we found that ethylene and jasmonic acid showed extensive transcriptional cross-talk, cross-talk that was opposed by salicylic acid signaling. We conclude that ethylene and jasmonic acid pathways are induced late in the colonization of root tissues in order to limit fungal growth within roots. This induction is probably an adaptive response by the plant such that its growth and vigor are not compromised by the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Plett
- INRA, UMR 1136 INRA-University Henri Poincaré, Lab of Excellence ARBRE, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA-Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Amit Khachane
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Malika Ouassou
- INRA, UMR 1136 INRA-University Henri Poincaré, Lab of Excellence ARBRE, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA-Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Björn Sundberg
- Umea Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umea, Sweden
| | - Annegret Kohler
- INRA, UMR 1136 INRA-University Henri Poincaré, Lab of Excellence ARBRE, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA-Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Francis Martin
- INRA, UMR 1136 INRA-University Henri Poincaré, Lab of Excellence ARBRE, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA-Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France
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Ye W, Shen CH, Lin Y, Chen PJ, Xu X, Oelmüller R, Yeh KW, Lai Z. Growth promotion-related miRNAs in Oncidium orchid roots colonized by the endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84920. [PMID: 24409313 PMCID: PMC3883679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Piriformospora indica, an endophytic fungus of Sebacinales, colonizes the roots of a wide range of host plants and establishes various benefits for the plants. In this work, we describe miRNAs which are upregulated in Oncidium orchid roots after colonization by the fungus. Growth promotion and vigorous root development were observed in Oncidium hybrid orchid, while seedlings were colonized by P. indica. We performed a genome-wide expression profiling of small RNAs in Oncidium orchid roots either colonized or not-colonized by P. indica. After sequencing, 24,570,250 and 24744,141 clean reads were obtained from two libraries. 13,736 from 17,036,953 unique sequences showed homology to either 86 miRNA families described in 41 plant species, or to 46 potential novel miRNAs, or to 51 corresponding miRNA precursors. The predicted target genes of these miRNAs are mainly involved in auxin signal perception and transduction, transcription, development and plant defense. The expression analysis of miRNAs and target genes demonstrated the regulatory functions they may participate in. This study revealed that growth stimulation of the Oncidium orchid after colonization by P. indica includes an intricate network of miRNAs and their targets. The symbiotic function of P. indica on Oncidium orchid resembles previous findings on Chinese cabbage. This is the first study on growth regulation and development of Oncidium orchid by miRNAs induced by the symbiotic fungus P. indica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ye
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Chin-Hui Shen
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ecological Materials Technology Department, Green Energy & Eco-technology System Center, ITRI South Campus, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Peng-Jen Chen
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xuming Xu
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Kai-Wun Yeh
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KWY); (ZL)
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail: (KWY); (ZL)
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Ansari MW, Trivedi DK, Sahoo RK, Gill SS, Tuteja N. A critical review on fungi mediated plant responses with special emphasis to Piriformospora indica on improved production and protection of crops. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 70:403-410. [PMID: 23831950 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial fungi are potentially useful in agriculture sector to avail several services to crop plants such as water status, nutrient enrichment, stress tolerance, protection, weed control and bio-control. Natural agro-ecosystem relies on fungi because of it takes part in soil organic matter decomposition, nutrient acquisition, organic matter recycling, nutrient recycling, antagonism against plant pests, and crop management. The crucial role of fungi in normalizing the toxic effects of phenols, HCN and ROS by β-CAS, ACC demainase and antioxidant enzymes in plants is well documented. Fungi also play a part in various physiological processes such as water uptake, stomatal movement, mineral uptake, photosynthesis and biosynthesis of lignan, auxins and ethylene to improve growth and enhance plant fitness to cope heat, cold, salinity, drought and heavy metal stress. Here, we highlighted the ethylene- and cyclophilin A (CypA)-mediated response of Piriformospora indica for sustainable crop production under adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Wahid Ansari
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
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Tarkka MT, Herrmann S, Wubet T, Feldhahn L, Recht S, Kurth F, Mailänder S, Bönn M, Neef M, Angay O, Bacht M, Graf M, Maboreke H, Fleischmann F, Grams TEE, Ruess L, Schädler M, Brandl R, Scheu S, Schrey SD, Grosse I, Buscot F. OakContigDF159.1, a reference library for studying differential gene expression in Quercus robur during controlled biotic interactions: use for quantitative transcriptomic profiling of oak roots in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 199:529-540. [PMID: 23672230 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Oaks (Quercus spp.), which are major forest trees in the northern hemisphere, host many biotic interactions, but molecular investigation of these interactions is limited by fragmentary genome data. To date, only 75 oak expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have been characterized in ectomycorrhizal (EM) symbioses. We synthesized seven beneficial and detrimental biotic interactions between microorganisms and animals and a clone (DF159) of Quercus robur. Sixteen 454 and eight Illumina cDNA libraries from leaves and roots were prepared and merged to establish a reference for RNA-Seq transcriptomic analysis of oak EMs with Piloderma croceum. Using the Mimicking Intelligent Read Assembly (MIRA) and Trinity assembler, the OakContigDF159.1 hybrid assembly, containing 65 712 contigs with a mean length of 1003 bp, was constructed, giving broad coverage of metabolic pathways. This allowed us to identify 3018 oak contigs that were differentially expressed in EMs, with genes encoding proline-rich cell wall proteins and ethylene signalling-related transcription factors showing up-regulation while auxin and defence-related genes were down-regulated. In addition to the first report of remorin expression in EMs, the extensive coverage provided by the study permitted detection of differential regulation within large gene families (nitrogen, phosphorus and sugar transporters, aquaporins). This might indicate specific mechanisms of genome regulation in oak EMs compared with other trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika T Tarkka
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Sylvie Herrmann
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Lasse Feldhahn
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin-Luther University, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Sabine Recht
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Florence Kurth
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Sarah Mailänder
- IMIT-Physiological Ecology of Plants, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Bönn
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin-Luther University, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Maren Neef
- IMIT-Physiological Ecology of Plants, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oguzhan Angay
- Section Pathology of Woody Plants, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
- TEEG: Ecophysiology of Plants, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Bacht
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Graf
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg August University Göttingen, Berliner Str. 28, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hazel Maboreke
- Ecology Group, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Fleischmann
- Section Pathology of Woody Plants, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thorsten E E Grams
- TEEG: Ecophysiology of Plants, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Liliane Ruess
- Ecology Group, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Schädler
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland Brandl
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg August University Göttingen, Berliner Str. 28, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvia D Schrey
- IMIT-Physiological Ecology of Plants, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Grosse
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin-Luther University, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - François Buscot
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Wasternack C, Hause B. Jasmonates: biosynthesis, perception, signal transduction and action in plant stress response, growth and development. An update to the 2007 review in Annals of Botany. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:1021-1058. [PMID: 23558912 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jasmonates are important regulators in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in development. Synthesized from lipid-constituents, the initially formed jasmonic acid is converted to different metabolites including the conjugate with isoleucine. Important new components of jasmonate signalling including its receptor were identified, providing deeper insight into the role of jasmonate signalling pathways in stress responses and development. SCOPE The present review is an update of the review on jasmonates published in this journal in 2007. New data of the last five years are described with emphasis on metabolites of jasmonates, on jasmonate perception and signalling, on cross-talk to other plant hormones and on jasmonate signalling in response to herbivores and pathogens, in symbiotic interactions, in flower development, in root growth and in light perception. CONCLUSIONS The last few years have seen breakthroughs in the identification of JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins and their interactors such as transcription factors and co-repressors, and the crystallization of the jasmonate receptor as well as of the enzyme conjugating jasmonate to amino acids. Now, the complex nature of networks of jasmonate signalling in stress responses and development including hormone cross-talk can be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wasternack
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg, 3, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Wasternack C, Hause B. Jasmonates: biosynthesis, perception, signal transduction and action in plant stress response, growth and development. An update to the 2007 review in Annals of Botany. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:1021-58. [PMID: 23558912 PMCID: PMC3662512 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1416] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jasmonates are important regulators in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in development. Synthesized from lipid-constituents, the initially formed jasmonic acid is converted to different metabolites including the conjugate with isoleucine. Important new components of jasmonate signalling including its receptor were identified, providing deeper insight into the role of jasmonate signalling pathways in stress responses and development. SCOPE The present review is an update of the review on jasmonates published in this journal in 2007. New data of the last five years are described with emphasis on metabolites of jasmonates, on jasmonate perception and signalling, on cross-talk to other plant hormones and on jasmonate signalling in response to herbivores and pathogens, in symbiotic interactions, in flower development, in root growth and in light perception. CONCLUSIONS The last few years have seen breakthroughs in the identification of JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins and their interactors such as transcription factors and co-repressors, and the crystallization of the jasmonate receptor as well as of the enzyme conjugating jasmonate to amino acids. Now, the complex nature of networks of jasmonate signalling in stress responses and development including hormone cross-talk can be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wasternack
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg, 3, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Arabidopsis thaliana model system reveals a continuum of responses to root endophyte colonization. Fungal Biol 2013; 117:250-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hilbert M, Nostadt R, Zuccaro A. Exogenous auxin affects the oxidative burst in barley roots colonized by Piriformospora indica. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e23572. [PMID: 23333979 PMCID: PMC3829933 DOI: 10.4161/psb.23572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Beside a cardinal role in coordination of many developmental processes in the plant, the phytohormone auxin has been recognized as a regulator of plant defense. The molecular mechanisms involved are still largely unknown. Using a sensitive chemiluminescence assay, which measures the oxidation of luminol in the presence of H₂O₂ by horseradish peroxidase (HRP), we report here on the ability of exogenously added indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to enhance the suppressive effect of the root endophyte Piriformospora indica on the chitin-elicited oxidative burst in barley roots. Thus, the potential of P. indica to produce free IAA during the early colonization phase in barley might provide the symbiont with a means to interfere with the microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMP)-triggered immunity.
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Jacobs S, Kogel KH, Schäfer P. Root-Based Innate Immunity and Its Suppression by the Mutualistic Fungus Piriformospora indica. SOIL BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-33802-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
Ethylene (ET) is a gaseous phytohormone that participates in various plant physiological processes and essentially contributes to plant immunity. ET conducts its functions by regulating the expression of ET-responsive genes or in crosstalk with other hormones. Several recent studies have shown the significance of ET in the establishment and development of plant-microbe interactions. Therefore, it is not surprising that pathogens and mutualistic symbionts target ET synthesis or signaling to colonize plants. This review introduces the significance of ET metabolism in plant-microbe interactions, with an emphasis on its role in mutualistic symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Khatabi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology; University of Tennessee; Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Patrick Schäfer
- School of Life Sciences; University of Warwick; Coventry, UK
- Correspondence to: Patrick Schäfer,
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Hilbert M, Voll LM, Ding Y, Hofmann J, Sharma M, Zuccaro A. Indole derivative production by the root endophyte Piriformospora indica is not required for growth promotion but for biotrophic colonization of barley roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:520-534. [PMID: 22924530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial effects elicited by the root endophyte Piriformospora indica are widely known, but the mechanism by which these are achieved is still unclear. It is proposed that phytohormones produced by the fungal symbiont play a crucial role in the interaction with the plant roots. Biochemical analyses of the underlying biosynthetic pathways for auxin production have shown that, on tryptophan feeding, P. indica can produce the phytohormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-lactate (ILA) through the intermediate indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA). Time course transcriptional analyses after exposure to tryptophan designated the piTam1 gene as a key player. A green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter study and transcriptional analysis of colonized barley roots showed that piTam1 is induced during the biotrophic phase. Piriformospora indica strains in which the piTam1 gene was silenced via an RNA interference (RNAi) approach were compromised in IAA and ILA production and displayed reduced colonization of barley (Hordeum vulgare) roots in the biotrophic phase, but the elicitation of growth promotion was not affected compared with the wild-type situation. Our results suggest that IAA is involved in the establishment of biotrophy in P. indica-barley symbiosis and might represent a compatibility factor in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Hilbert
- Department of Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl von Frisch Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lars M Voll
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl von Frisch Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Dr. YSP UHF, Nauni, Solan, HP, India
| | - Alga Zuccaro
- Department of Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl von Frisch Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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