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Zhou Z, Zhang R, Zhou A, Lv J, Chen S, Zou H, Zhang G, Lin T, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Weng S, Han X, Liu Z. Proteomics appending a complementary dimension to precision oncotherapy. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:1725-1739. [PMID: 38689716 PMCID: PMC11058087 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in high-throughput proteomic profiling technologies have facilitated the precise quantification of numerous proteins across multiple specimens concurrently. Researchers have the opportunity to comprehensively analyze the molecular signatures in plentiful medical specimens or disease pattern cell lines. Along with advances in data analysis and integration, proteomics data could be efficiently consolidated and employed to recognize precise elementary molecular mechanisms and decode individual biomarkers, guiding the precision treatment of tumors. Herein, we review a broad array of proteomics technologies and the progress and methods for the integration of proteomics data and further discuss how to better merge proteomics in precision medicine and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokai Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan 450052, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Aoyang Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jinxiang Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Haijiao Zou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Siyuan Weng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Zhang Y, Kong X, Guo HY, Wang J, Yin ZZ. A mesothelin microsensor based on an embedded thionine electronic medium within an imprinted polymer on an acupuncture needle electrode. Analyst 2024; 149:3309-3316. [PMID: 38699925 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00490f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical microsensor for mesothelin (MSLN) based on an acupuncture needle (AN) was constructed in this work. To prepare the microsensor, MSLN was self-assembled on 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA) by an interaction force between the external cis-diol and phenylboronic acid. This was followed by the gradual electropolymerization of thionine (TH) and eriochrome black T (EBT) around the anchored protein. The thickness of the surface imprinted layers influenced the sensing performance and needed to be smaller than the height of the anchored protein. The polymerized EBT was not electrically active, but the polymerized TH provided a significant electrochemical signal. Therefore, electron transfer smoothly proceeded through the eluted nanocavities. The imprinted nanocavities were highly selective toward MSLN, and the rebinding of insulating proteins reduced the electrochemical signal of the embedded pTH. The functionalized interface was characterized by SEM and electrochemical methods, and the preparation conditions were studied. After optimization, the sensor showed a linear response in the range of 0.1 to 1000 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 10 pg mL-1, indicating good performance compared with other reported methods. This microsensor also showed high sensitivity and stability, which can be attributed to the fine complementation of the imprinted organic nanocavities. The sensitivity of this sensor was related to the nanocavities used for electron transport around the AuNPs. In the future, microsensors that can directly provide electrochemical signals are expected to play important roles especially on AN matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001. China
| | - Xue Kong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Hai-Yang Guo
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Zheng-Zhi Yin
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001. China
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Mackay S, Frazer LC, Bailey GK, Miller CM, Gong Q, Dewitt ON, Singh DK, Good M. Identification of serum biomarkers for necrotizing enterocolitis using aptamer-based proteomics. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1184940. [PMID: 37325361 PMCID: PMC10264655 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1184940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially fatal intestinal disease primarily affecting preterm infants. Early diagnosis of neonates with NEC is crucial to improving outcomes; however, traditional diagnostic tools remain inadequate. Biomarkers represent an opportunity to improve the speed and accuracy of diagnosis, but they are not routinely used in clinical practice. Methods In this study, we utilized an aptamer-based proteomic discovery assay to identify new serum biomarkers of NEC. We compared levels of serum proteins in neonates with and without NEC and identified ten differentially expressed serum proteins between these groups. Results We detected two proteins, C-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CCL16) and immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 and 2 heterodimer (IGHA1 IGHA2), that were significantly increased during NEC and eight that were significantly decreased. Generation of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves revealed that alpha-fetoprotein (AUC = 0.926), glucagon (AUC = 0.860), and IGHA1 IGHA2 (AUC = 0.826) were the proteins that best differentiated patients with and without NEC. Discussion These findings indicate that further investigation into these serum proteins as a biomarker for NEC is warranted. In the future, laboratory tests incorporating these differentially expressed proteins may improve the ability of clinicians to diagnose infants with NEC rapidly and accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Mackay
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lauren C. Frazer
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Grace K. Bailey
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Claire M. Miller
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Qingqing Gong
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Olivia N. Dewitt
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dhirendra K. Singh
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Misty Good
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Vanarsa K, Castillo J, Wang L, Lee KH, Pedroza C, Lotan Y, Mohan C. Comprehensive proteomics and platform validation of urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer diagnosis and staging. BMC Med 2023; 21:133. [PMID: 37016361 PMCID: PMC10074794 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BC) is among the most common cancers diagnosed in men in the USA. The current gold standards for the diagnosis of BC are invasive or lack the sensitivity to correctly identify the disease. METHODS An aptamer-based screen analyzed the expression of 1317 proteins in BC compared to urology clinic controls. The top hits were subjected to systems biology analyses. Next, 30 urine proteins were ELISA-validated in an independent cohort of 68 subjects. Three of these proteins were next validated in an independent BC cohort of differing ethnicity. RESULTS Systems biology analysis implicated molecular functions related to the extracellular matrix, collagen, integrin, heparin, and transmembrane tyrosine kinase signaling in BC susceptibility, with HNF4A and NFKB1 emerging as key molecular regulators. STEM analysis of the dysregulated pathways implicated a functional role for the immune system, complement, and interleukins in BC disease progression. Of 21 urine proteins that discriminated BC from urology clinic controls (UC), urine D-dimer displayed the highest accuracy (0.96) and sensitivity of 97%. Furthermore, 8 urine proteins significantly discriminated MIBC from NMIBC (AUC = 0.75-0.99), with IL-8 and IgA being the best performers. Urine IgA and fibronectin exhibited the highest specificity of 80% at fixed sensitivity for identifying advanced BC. CONCLUSIONS Given the high sensitivity (97%) of urine D-dimer for BC, it may have a role in the initial diagnosis or detection of cancer recurrence. On the other hand, urine IL-8 and IgA may have the potential in identifying disease progression during patient follow-up. The use of these biomarkers for initial triage could have a significant impact as the current cystoscopy-based diagnostic and surveillance approach is costly and invasive when compared to a simple urine test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamala Vanarsa
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd., Room 2027, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
| | - Jessica Castillo
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd., Room 2027, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kyung Hyun Lee
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Pedroza
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd., Room 2027, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA.
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Louis Sam Titus ASC, Vanarsa K, Soomro S, Patel A, Prince J, Kugathasan S, Mohan C. Resistin, Elastase, and Lactoferrin as Potential Plasma Biomarkers of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Based on Comprehensive Proteomic Screens. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100487. [PMID: 36549591 PMCID: PMC9918796 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammation of the intestine, which can present in the form of ulcerative colitis (UC) or as Crohn's disease (CD). Biomarkers are needed for reliable diagnosis and disease monitoring in IBD, especially in pediatric patients. Plasma samples from a pediatric IBD cohort were interrogated using an aptamer-based screen of 1322 proteins. The elevated biomarkers identified using the aptamer screen were further validated by ELISA using an independent cohort of 76 pediatric plasma samples, drawn from 30 CD, 30 UC, and 16 healthy controls. Of the 1322 proteins screened in plasma from IBD patients, 129 proteins were significantly elevated when compared with healthy controls. Of these 15 proteins had a fold change greater than 2 and 28 proteins had a fold change >1.5. Neutrophil and extracellular vesicle signatures were detected among the elevated plasma biomarkers. When seven of these proteins were validated by ELISA, resistin was the only protein that was significantly higher in both UC and CD (p < 0.01), with receiver operating characteristic area under the curve value of 0.82 and 0.77, respectively, and the only protein that exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for both CD and UC. The next most discriminatory plasma proteins were elastase and lactoferrin, particularly for UC, with receiver operating characteristic area under the curve values of 0.74 and 0.69, respectively. We have identified circulating resistin, elastase, and lactoferrin as potential plasma biomarkers of IBD in pediatric patients using two independent diagnostic platforms and two independent patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamala Vanarsa
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanam Soomro
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anjali Patel
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jarod Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Bogar F, Ak G, Metintas S, Ayhanci A, Metintas M. Longitudinal monitoring of response to chemotherapy in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma by biomarkers. Cancer Biomark 2023; 38:111-120. [PMID: 37545218 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-220436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to longitudinally investigate the serum levels of mesothelin, sestrin1, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), midkine, and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) before and after chemotherapy and at the time of relapse in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients treated with chemotherapy and to compare the changes in biomarker levels with radiological treatment outcome. METHODS A total of 64 MPM patients treated with chemotherapy were enrolled in the study and longitudinally followed for changes in biomarker levels in response to treatment. Biomarkers levels were measured in serum using a human ELISA kit. Relative and absolute changes in biomarker levels were compared with the best radiological overall response at each time point. RESULTS Median survival was 20.0 ± 2.4 (15.3-24.7) months in patients with partial and complete response, 17.0 ± 1.0 (15.0-19.0) months in patients with stable disease, and 9.0 ± 1.0 (7.0-11.0) months in patients with progressive disease. A significant decrease in serum levels of mesothelin, midkine, and HMGB1 was observed in patients with radiologically partial and complete responses to chemotherapy (p< 0.001, p= 0.016, and p= 0.039, respectively). In these patients, mesothelin levels decreased by 15%, midkine levels by 7%, and HMGB1 levels by 15%. In addition, HMGB1 serum levels were found to significantly increase by 15% in patients with radiologically progressive responses to chemotherapy compared to pretreatment serum levels (p= 0.035). In patients with partial and complete response to chemotherapy, mesothelin levels increased by 15%, midkine by 12%, and sestrin1 by 8% when the disease recurred (p= 0.004, p= 0.004 and p= 0.044, respectively). CONCLUSION Biomarkers may be useful in the longitudinal monitoring of response to treatment in MPM. However, the results of our study should be validated in larger groups with sufficient case numbers from multicenter institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Bogar
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Lung and Pleural Cancers Research and Clinical Center, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Guntulu Ak
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Lung and Pleural Cancers Research and Clinical Center, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Medical Faculty, Department of Chest Disease, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Selma Metintas
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Lung and Pleural Cancers Research and Clinical Center, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Medical Faculty, Department of Public Health, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Adnan Ayhanci
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Metintas
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Lung and Pleural Cancers Research and Clinical Center, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Medical Faculty, Department of Chest Disease, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Qian S, Chang D, He S, Li Y. Aptamers from random sequence space: Accomplishments, gaps and future considerations. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1196:339511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lopez-Silva C, Surapaneni A, Coresh J, Reiser J, Parikh CR, Obeid W, Grams ME, Chen TK. Comparison of Aptamer-Based and Antibody-Based Assays for Protein Quantification in Chronic Kidney Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 17:350-360. [PMID: 35197258 PMCID: PMC8975030 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.11700921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Novel aptamer-based technologies can identify >7000 analytes per sample, offering a high-throughput alternative to traditional immunoassays in biomarker discovery. However, the specificity for distinct proteins has not been thoroughly studied in the context of CKD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We assessed the use of SOMAscan, an aptamer-based technology, for the quantification of eight immune activation biomarkers and cystatin C among 498 African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) participants using immunoassays as the gold standard. We evaluated correlations of serum proteins as measured by SOMAscan versus immunoassays with each other and with iothalamate-measured GFR. We then compared associations between proteins measurement with risks of incident kidney failure and all-cause mortality. RESULTS Six biomarkers (IL-8, soluble TNF receptor superfamily member 1B [TNFRSF1B], cystatin C, soluble TNF receptor superfamily member 1A [TNFRSF1A], IL-6, and soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor [suPAR]) had non-negligible correlations (r=0.94, 0.93, 0.89, 0.85, 0.46, and 0.23, respectively) between SOMAscan and immunoassay measurements, and three (IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) were uncorrelated (r=0.08, 0.07, and 0.02, respectively). Of the six biomarkers with non-negligible correlations, TNFRSF1B, cystatin C, TNFRSF1A, and suPAR were negatively correlated with measured GFR and associated with higher risk of kidney failure. IL-8, TNFRSF1B, cystatin C, TNFRSF1A, and suPAR were associated with a higher risk of mortality via both methods. On average, immunoassay measurements were more strongly associated with adverse outcomes than their SOMAscan counterparts. CONCLUSIONS SOMAscan is an efficient and relatively reliable technique for quantifying IL-8, TNFRSF1B, cystatin C, and TNFRSF1A in CKD and detecting their potential associations with clinical outcomes. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2022_02_23_CJN11700921.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lopez-Silva
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aditya Surapaneni
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chirag R. Parikh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wassim Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Morgan E. Grams
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Teresa K. Chen
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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Lipid profiling in malignant mesothelioma reveals promising signatures for diagnosis and prognosis: A plasma-based LC-MS lipidomics study. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 524:34-42. [PMID: 34843704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Malignant mesothelioma (MM), being a rare and aggressive carcinoma, can barely be cured. Incidence of this cancer will keep climbing up in the next few decades since its major carcinogen, asbestos, is still in use in many countries. Unfortunately, prognosis of MM is unsatisfactory principally due to poor early diagnosis as a result of its long latency period and ambiguous symptoms. Lipids are known to contribute to cellular structure, signaling, and energy storage, and are widely reported to be related with tumorigenesis. Therefore, we aim to discover novel lipid biomarkers by plasma-based lipidomics that may improve MM diagnosis. METHODS Plasma samples from 25 MM patients and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were collected and analysed using a high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were subsequently performed to visualize the separation trend between two groups and to screen for differential feature ions. Ions were annotated using LipidSearch 4.2 and their enriched pathways were detected on LIPEA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used for analysing each annotated lipid's diagnostic value. Survival analyses were performed to investigate each lipid's prognostic value. RESULTS In supervised partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), clear separation between MM and HC groups was observed. A total of 34 differential lipids were annotated, among which 5 upregulated and 29 downregulated. Levels of plasma triacylglycerols (TGs) were higher in smoking versus non-smoking patients, and lower in female versus male patients. The top six lipids possessing highest diagnostic value included two phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), two phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and two ceramides. Moreover, elevated circulating TG levels were associated with poorer survival, whereas increased monohexosylceramide (Hex1Cer) might be beneficial. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed differentially expressed lipid patterns in MM compared to HC. PC, PE, and ceramides showed outstanding diagnostic performance, while TG and Hex1Cer exhibited significant prognostic values. Nevertheless, more studies should verify these trends as well as further investigating on underlying mechanisms.
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Schillebeeckx E, van Meerbeeck JP, Lamote K. Clinical utility of diagnostic biomarkers in malignant pleural mesothelioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/162/210057. [PMID: 34789461 PMCID: PMC9489015 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0057-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is characterised by late-stage diagnosis and poor prognosis. Currently, no screening tool is advocated and diagnosis is based on invasive techniques, which are not well tolerated. Non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers have shown potential and could have a huge clinical benefit. However, despite extensive research, there is no consensus yet on their clinical use, with many articles reporting contradicting results, limiting their clinical implementation. The aim of this systematic review is therefore to explore the different semi- and non-invasive diagnostic markers in several human matrices and identify those that might clinically be relevant. A total of 100 articles were selected through Web of Science and PubMed, with 56 articles included in the quantitative analysis. Although many studies have reported on the diagnostic accuracy of MPM biomarkers such as serum mesothelin and high-mobility group box protein 1 and plasma fibulin-3, none have resulted in a validated test for early detection. Future research should focus on external validation, combinations into biomarker panels, the inclusion of early stage MPM patients and a combination of different biomarker matrices, as well as new markers. Diagnostic biomarkers for malignant pleural mesothelioma seem promising; however, further research is necessary to prove their clinical value. This review provides a thorough overview of the different markers and compares them in several matrices.https://bit.ly/35ni6UO
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Schillebeeckx
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium .,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jan P van Meerbeeck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Dept of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,European Reference Network for rare respiratory diseases (ERN-LUNG), Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Kevin Lamote
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Dept of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Vandghanooni S, Sanaat Z, Farahzadi R, Eskandani M, Omidian H, Omidi Y. Recent progress in the development of aptasensors for cancer diagnosis: Focusing on aptamers against cancer biomarkers. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tsim S, Alexander L, Kelly C, Shaw A, Hinsley S, Clark S, Evison M, Holme J, Cameron EJ, Sharma D, Wright A, Grundy S, Grieve D, Ionescu A, Breen DP, Paramasivam E, Psallidas I, Mukherjee D, Chetty M, Cox G, Hart-Thomas A, Naseer R, Edwards J, Daneshvar C, Panchal R, Munavvar M, Ostroff R, Alexander L, Hall H, Neilson M, Miller C, McCormick C, Thomson F, Chalmers AJ, Maskell NA, Blyth KG. Serum Proteomics and Plasma Fibulin-3 in Differentiation of Mesothelioma From Asbestos-Exposed Controls and Patients With Other Pleural Diseases. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:1705-1717. [PMID: 34116230 PMCID: PMC8514249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is difficult to diagnose. An accurate blood biomarker could prompt specialist referral or be deployed in future screening. In earlier retrospective studies, SOMAscan proteomics (Somalogic, Boulder, CO) and fibulin-3 seemed highly accurate, but SOMAscan has not been validated prospectively and subsequent fibulin-3 data have been contradictory. METHODS A multicenter prospective observational study was performed in 22 centers, generating a large intention-to-diagnose cohort. Blood sampling, processing, and diagnostic assessment were standardized, including a 1-year follow-up. Plasma fibulin-3 was measured using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (CloudClone [used in previous studies] and BosterBio, Pleasanton, CA). Serum proteomics was measured using the SOMAscan assay. Diagnostic performance (sensitivity at 95% specificity, area under the curve [AUC]) was benchmarked against serum mesothelin (Mesomark, Fujirebio Diagnostics, Malvern, PA). Biomarkers were correlated against primary tumor volume, inflammatory markers, and asbestos exposure. RESULTS A total of 638 patients with suspected pleural malignancy (SPM) and 110 asbestos-exposed controls (AECs) were recruited. SOMAscan reliably differentiated MPM from AECs (75% sensitivity, 88.2% specificity, validation cohort AUC 0.855) but was not useful in patients with differentiating non-MPM SPM. Fibulin-3 (by BosterBio after failed CloudClone validation) revealed 7.4% and 11.9% sensitivity at 95% specificity in MPM versus non-MPM SPM and AECs, respectively (associated AUCs 0.611 [0.557-0.664], p = 0.0015) and 0.516 [0.443-0.589], p = 0.671), both inferior to mesothelin. SOMAscan proteins correlated with inflammatory markers but not with asbestos exposure. Neither biomarker correlated with tumor volume. CONCLUSIONS SOMAscan may prove useful as a future screening test for MPM in asbestos-exposed persons. Neither fibulin-3 nor SOMAscan should be used for diagnosis or pathway stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Tsim
- Glasgow Pleural Disease Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Alexander
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit Glasgow, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Kelly
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit Glasgow, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Shaw
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit Glasgow, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Hinsley
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit Glasgow, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Clark
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit Glasgow, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Evison
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Holme
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Euan J Cameron
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, United Kingdom
| | - Davand Sharma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Inverclyde Royal Hospital, Greenock, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Wright
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Seamus Grundy
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Grieve
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - Alina Ionescu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, United Kingdom
| | - David P Breen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Ioannis Psallidas
- Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dipak Mukherjee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Basildon University Hospital, Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Mahendran Chetty
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Giles Cox
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's Mill Hospital, Sutton-in-Ashfield, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Hart-Thomas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huddersfield Royal Infirmary, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Rehan Naseer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huddersfield Royal Infirmary, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - John Edwards
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrus Daneshvar
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Rakesh Panchal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Munavvar
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Holly Hall
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Neilson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Crispin Miller
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Carol McCormick
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Thomson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nick A Maskell
- Academic Respiratory Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin G Blyth
- Glasgow Pleural Disease Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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13
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Slow Off-Rate Modified Aptamer (SOMAmer) Proteomic Analysis of Patient-Derived Malignant Glioma Identifies Distinct Cellular Proteomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179566. [PMID: 34502484 PMCID: PMC8431317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas derive from brain glial cells and represent >75% of primary brain tumors. This includes anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III; AS), the most common and fatal glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV; GBM), and oligodendroglioma (ODG). We have generated patient-derived AS, GBM, and ODG cell models to study disease mechanisms and test patient-centered therapeutic strategies. We have used an aptamer-based high-throughput SOMAscan® 1.3K assay to determine the proteomic profiles of 1307 different analytes. SOMAscan® proteomes of AS and GBM self-organized into closely adjacent proteomes which were clearly distinct from ODG proteomes. GBM self-organized into four proteomic clusters of which SOMAscan® cluster 4 proteome predicted a highly inter-connected proteomic network. Several up- and down-regulated proteins relevant to glioma were successfully validated in GBM cell isolates across different SOMAscan® clusters and in corresponding GBM tissues. Slow off-rate modified aptamer proteomics is an attractive analytical tool for rapid proteomic stratification of different malignant gliomas and identified cluster-specific SOMAscan® signatures and functionalities in patient GBM cells.
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14
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Soomro S, Venkateswaran S, Vanarsa K, Kharboutli M, Nidhi M, Susarla R, Zhang T, Sasidharan P, Lee KH, Rosh J, Markowitz J, Pedroza C, Denson LA, Hyams J, Kugathasan S, Mohan C. Predicting disease course in ulcerative colitis using stool proteins identified through an aptamer-based screen. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3989. [PMID: 34183667 PMCID: PMC8239008 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for improved stool biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an aptamer-based screen of 1129 stool proteins was conducted using stool samples from an IBD cohort. Here we report that of the 20 proteins subsequently validated by ELISA, stool Ferritin, Fibrinogen, Haptoglobin, Hemoglobin, Lipocalin-2, MMP-12, MMP-9, Myeloperoxidase, PGRP-S, Properdin, Resistin, Serpin A4, and TIMP-1 are significantly elevated in both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) compared to controls. When tested in a longitudinal cohort of 50 UC patients at 4 time-points, fecal Fibrinogen, MMP-8, PGRP-S, and TIMP-2 show the strongest positive correlation with concurrent PUCAI and PGA scores and are superior to fecal calprotectin. Unlike fecal calprotectin, baseline stool Fibrinogen, MMP-12, PGRP-S, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 can predict clinical remission at Week-4. Here we show that stool proteins identified using the comprehensive aptamer-based screen are superior to fecal calprotectin alone in disease monitoring and prediction in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Soomro
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suresh Venkateswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children Health Care of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kamala Vanarsa
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marwa Kharboutli
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Malavika Nidhi
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramya Susarla
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Kyung Hyun Lee
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-based Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joel Rosh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Goryeb Children's Hospital, Atlantic Health, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - James Markowitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cohen Children's Medical Center Of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Pedroza
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-based Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lee A Denson
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hyams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children Health Care of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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15
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Opitz I, Scherpereel A, Berghmans T, Psallidas I, Glatzer M, Rigau D, Astoul P, Bölükbas S, Boyd J, Coolen J, De Bondt C, De Ruysscher D, Durieux V, Faivre-Finn C, Fennell DA, Galateau-Salle F, Greillier L, Hoda MA, Klepetko W, Lacourt A, McElnay P, Maskell NA, Mutti L, Pairon JC, Van Schil P, van Meerbeeck JP, Waller D, Weder W, Putora PM, Cardillo G. ERS/ESTS/EACTS/ESTRO guidelines for the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 58:1-24. [PMID: 32448904 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Respiratory Society (ERS)/European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS)/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)/European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) task force brought together experts to update previous 2009 ERS/ESTS guidelines on management of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), a rare cancer with globally poor outcome, after a systematic review of the 2009-2018 literature. The evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The evidence syntheses were discussed and recommendations formulated by this multidisciplinary group of experts. Diagnosis: pleural biopsies remain the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis, usually obtained by thoracoscopy but occasionally via image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy in cases of pleural symphysis or poor performance status. Pathology: standard staining procedures are insufficient in ∼10% of cases, justifying the use of specific markers, including BAP-1 and CDKN2A (p16) for the separation of atypical mesothelial proliferation from MPM. Staging: in the absence of a uniform, robust and validated staging system, we advise using the most recent 2016 8th TNM (tumour, node, metastasis) classification, with an algorithm for pretherapeutic assessment. Monitoring: patient's performance status, histological subtype and tumour volume are the main prognostic factors of clinical importance in routine MPM management. Other potential parameters should be recorded at baseline and reported in clinical trials. Treatment: (chemo)therapy has limited efficacy in MPM patients and only selected patients are candidates for radical surgery. New promising targeted therapies, immunotherapies and strategies have been reviewed. Because of limited data on the best combination treatment, we emphasize that patients who are considered candidates for a multimodal approach, including radical surgery, should be treated as part of clinical trials in MPM-dedicated centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Opitz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Scherpereel
- Department of Pulmonary and Thoracic Oncology, French National Network of Clinical Expert Centers for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Management (Mesoclin), Lille, France.,Department of Pulmonary and Thoracic Oncology, University Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1189, OncoThAI, Lille, France
| | | | - Ioannis Psallidas
- Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Markus Glatzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - David Rigau
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philippe Astoul
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Pleural Diseases and Interventional Pulmonology, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Servet Bölükbas
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Evang, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Johan Coolen
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte De Bondt
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, Antwerp University and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro Clinic), Maastricht University Medical Center+, GROW Research Institute, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Valerie Durieux
- Bibliothèque des Sciences de la Santé, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Corinne Faivre-Finn
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dean A Fennell
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester and University of Leicester Hospitals NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Francoise Galateau-Salle
- Department of Biopathology, National Reference Center for Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma and Rare Peritoneal Tumors MESOPATH, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Greillier
- Department of Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations, Aix Marseille University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Mir Ali Hoda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aude Lacourt
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team EPICENE, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Nick A Maskell
- Academic Respiratory Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Luciano Mutti
- Teaching Hospital Vercelli/Gruppo Italiano, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Jean-Claude Pairon
- INSERM U955, GEIC2O, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Service de Pathologies professionnelles et de l'Environnement, Institut Santé -Travail Paris-Est, CHI Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Paul Van Schil
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan P van Meerbeeck
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, Antwerp University and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - David Waller
- Barts Thorax Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Walter Weder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Martin Putora
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Cardillo
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
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16
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Hojo M, Yamamoto Y, Sakamoto Y, Maeno A, Ohnuki A, Suzuki J, Inomata A, Moriyasu T, Taquahashi Y, Kanno J, Hirose A, Nakae D. Histological sequence of the development of rat mesothelioma by MWCNT, with the involvement of apolipoproteins. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2185-2198. [PMID: 33665882 PMCID: PMC8177772 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A rat model of mesothelioma development by peritoneal injection of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) has been established and found to be useful to understand the mechanisms underlying fibrous particles‐associated carcinogenesis. Its detailed histological sequence, however, remains largely obscure. We therefore aimed to assess the time‐course of mesothelioma development by MWCNT and evaluate a set of lipoprotein‐related molecules as potential mechanism‐based biomarkers for the phenomenon. Male Fischer 344 rats were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with MWCNT (MWNT‐7) at 1 mg/kg body weight, and necropsied at 8, 16, 24, 32, or 42 wk after injection. For biochemical analyses of the lipoprotein‐related molecules, more samples, including severe mesothelioma cases, were obtained from 2 other carcinogenicity tests. Histologically, in association with chronic inflammation, mesothelial proliferative lesions appeared at c. Wk‐24. Before and at the beginning of the tumor development, a prominent infiltration of CD163‐positive cells was seen near mesothelial cells. The histological pattern of early mesothelioma was not a papillary structure, but was a characteristic structure with a spherical appearance, composed of the mesothelioma cells in the surface area that were underlain by connective tissue‐like cells. Along with the progression, mesotheliomas started to show versatile histological subtypes. Serum levels of apolipoprotein A‐I and A‐IV, and a ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol were inversely correlated with mesothelioma severity. Overall, the detailed histological sequence of mesotheliomagenesis by MWCNT is demonstrated, and indicated that the altered profile of apolipoproteins may be involved in its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Hojo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Maeno
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Ohnuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Inomata
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Moriyasu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuhji Taquahashi
- Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Huang J, Chen X, Fu X, Li Z, Huang Y, Liang C. Advances in Aptamer-Based Biomarker Discovery. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659760. [PMID: 33796540 PMCID: PMC8007916 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and identification of biomarkers promote the rational and fast development of medical diagnosis and therapeutics. Clinically, the application of ideal biomarkers still is limited due to the suboptimal technology in biomarker discovery. Aptamers are single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid molecules and can selectively bind to varied targets with high affinity and specificity. Compared with antibody, aptamers have desirable advantages, such as flexible design, easy synthesis and convenient modification with different functional groups. Currently, different aptamer-based technologies have been developed to facilitate biomarker discovery, especially CELL-SELEX and SOMAScan technology. CELL-SELEX technology is mainly used to identify cell membrane surface biomarkers of various cells. SOMAScan technology is an unbiased biomarker detection method that can analyze numerous and even thousands of proteins in complex biological samples at the same time. It has now become a large-scale multi-protein biomarker discovery platform. In this review, we introduce the aptamer-based biomarker discovery technologies, and summarize and highlight the discovered emerging biomarkers recently in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuekun Fu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Zhang M, Yan L, Lippi G, Hu ZD. Pleural biomarkers in diagnostics of malignant pleural effusion: a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1557-1570. [PMID: 33889529 PMCID: PMC8044497 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although cytology and pleural biopsy of pleural effusion (PE) are the gold standards for diagnosing malignant pleural effusion (MPE), these tools’ diagnostic accuracy is plagued by some limitations such as low sensitivity, considerable inter-observer variation and invasiveness. The assessment of PE biomarkers may hence be seen as an objective and non-invasive diagnostic alternative in MPE diagnostics. In this review, we summarize the characteristics and diagnostic accuracy of available PE biomarkers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carbohydrate antigens 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), a fragment of cytokeratin 19 (CYFRA 21-1), chitinase-like proteins (CLPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its soluble receptor, endostatin, calprotectin, cancer ratio, homocysteine, apolipoprotein E (Apo-E), B7 family members, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and tissue-specific inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (Romo1), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and monocytes, epigenetic markers (e.g., cell-free microRNA and mRNA). We summarized the evidence from systematic review and meta-analysis for traditional tumor markers’ diagnostic accuracy. According to the currently available evidence, we conclude that the traditional tumor markers have high specificity (around 0.90) but low sensitivity (around 0.50). The diagnostic accuracy of novel tumor markers needs to be validated by further studies. None of these tumor biomarkers would have sufficient diagnostic accuracy to confirm or exclude MPE when used alone. A multi-biomarker strategy, also encompassing the use of artificial intelligence algorithms, may be a valuable perspective for improving the diagnostic accuracy of MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Zhi-De Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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19
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Viscardi G, Di Natale D, Fasano M, Brambilla M, Lobefaro R, De Toma A, Galli G. Circulating biomarkers in malignant pleural mesothelioma. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2020; 1:434-451. [PMID: 36046389 PMCID: PMC9400735 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor strictly connected to asbestos exposure. Prognosis is dismal as diagnosis commonly occurs in advanced stage. Radiological screenings have not proven to be effective and also pathological diagnosis may be challenging. In the era of precision oncology, validation of robust non-invasive biomarkers for screening of asbestos-exposed individuals, assessment of prognosis and prediction of response to treatments remains an important unmet clinical need. This review provides an overview on current understanding and possible applications of liquid biopsy in MPM, mostly focused on the utility as diagnostic and prognostic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Viscardi
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy 2Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Di Natale
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Morena Fasano
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Brambilla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lobefaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Toma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Galli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
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20
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Pass HI, Alimi M, Carbone M, Yang H, Goparaju CM. Mesothelioma Biomarkers: Discovery in Search of Validation. Thorac Surg Clin 2020; 30:395-423. [PMID: 33012429 DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos-related neoplasm that can only be treated successfully when correctly diagnosed and treated early. The asbestos-exposed population is a high-risk group that could benefit from sensitive and specific blood- or tissue-based biomarkers. We review recent work with biomarker development in MPM and literature of the last 20 years on the most promising blood- and tissue-based biomarkers. Proteomic, genomic, and epigenomic platforms are covered. SMRP is the only validated blood-based biomarker with diagnostic, monitoring and prognostic value. To strengthen development and testing of MPM biomarkers, cohorts for validation must be established by enlisting worldwide collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey I Pass
- Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, General Thoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, 530 First Avenue, 9V, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Marjan Alimi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, 530 First Avenue, 9V, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michele Carbone
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Room 437, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Haining Yang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Room 437, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Chandra M Goparaju
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, 530 First Avenue, 9V, New York, NY 10016, USA
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21
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Ando H, Ishida T. An RNAi therapeutic, DFP-10825, for intraperitoneal and intrapleural malignant cancers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 154-155:27-36. [PMID: 32781056 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), a potent post-transcriptional gene-silencing action, has received considerable attentions as a novel therapeutic tool to treat intractable cancers. In recent days, we have developed a novel RNAi-based therapeutic formulation, DFP-10825, for the treatment of intractable advanced cancers developed in coelomic cavities. DFP-10825 was composed of chemically synthesized short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against thymidylate synthase (TS), a key enzyme for cancer proliferation, and cationic liposomes, and achieved high therapeutic effect on the mouse models of peritoneally disseminated gastric and ovarian cancers and malignant pleural mesothelioma without severe side effects by intracoelomic direct treatment. We further designed a freeze-dried DFP-10825 formulation for mass industrial production. DFP-10825 is undergoing in pre-clinical phase and goes to clinical trials. This review introduces a DFP-10825 formulation, a potent novel RNAi-based therapeutic maximizing the benefit of RNAi molecule (shRNA).
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22
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Dong H, Liu Y, Zeng WF, Shu K, Zhu Y, Chang C. A Deep Learning-Based Tumor Classifier Directly Using MS Raw Data. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1900344. [PMID: 32643271 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the launch of Chinese Human Proteome Project (CNHPP) and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), large-scale mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomic profiling of different kinds of human tumor samples have provided huge amount of valuable data for both basic and clinical researchers. Accurate prediction for tumor and non-tumor samples, as well as the tumor types has become a key step for biological and medical research, such as biomarker discovery, diagnosis, and monitoring of diseases. The traditional MS-based classification strategy mainly depends on the identification and quantification results of MS data, which has some inherent limitations, such as the low identification rate of MS data. Here, a deep learning-based tumor classifier directly using MS raw data is proposed, which is independent of the identification and quantification results of MS data. The potential precursors with intensities and retention times from MS data as input is first detected and extracted. Then, a deep learning-based classifier is trained, which can accurately distinguish between the tumor and non-tumor samples. Finally, it is demonstrated the deep learning-based classifier has a good performance compared with other machine learning methods and may help researchers find the potential biomarkers which are likely to be missed by the traditional strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.,School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.,College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100023, China
| | - Wen-Feng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kunxian Shu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Yunping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
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23
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Pass HI, Alimi M, Carbone M, Yang H, Goparaju CM. Mesothelioma Biomarkers: A Review Highlighting Contributions from the Early Detection Research Network. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2524-2540. [PMID: 32699075 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos-related neoplasm, which can be treated successfully only if correctly diagnosed and treated in early stages. The asbestos-exposed population serves as a high-risk group that could benefit from sensitive and specific blood- or tissue-based biomarkers. This review details the recent work with biomarker development in MPM and the contributions of the NCI Early Detection Research Network Biomarker Developmental Laboratory of NYU Langone Medical Center. The literature of the last 20 years was reviewed to comment on the most promising of the blood- and tissue-based biomarkers. Proteomic, genomic, and epigenomic platforms as well as novel studies such as "breath testing" are covered. Soluble mesothelin-related proteins (SMRP) have been characterized extensively and constitute an FDA-approved biomarker in plasma with diagnostic, monitoring, and prognostic value in MPM. Osteopontin is found to be a valuable prognostic biomarker for MPM, while its utility in diagnosis is slightly lower. Other biomarkers, such as calretinin, fibulin 3, and High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), remain under study and need international validation trials with large cohorts of cases and controls to demonstrate any utility. The EDRN has played a key role in the development and testing of MPM biomarkers by enlisting collaborations all over the world. A comprehensive understanding of previously investigated biomarkers and their utility in screening and early diagnosis of MPM will provide guidance for further future research.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible."
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey I Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | - Marjan Alimi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Michele Carbone
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, Department of Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Haining Yang
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, Department of Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Chandra M Goparaju
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
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24
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Chemical Modification of Aptamers for Increased Binding Affinity in Diagnostic Applications: Current Status and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124522. [PMID: 32630547 PMCID: PMC7350236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are short single stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that can recognize analytes with extraordinary target selectivity and affinity. Despite their promising properties and diagnostic potential, the number of commercial applications remains scarce. In order to endow them with novel recognition motifs and enhanced properties, chemical modification of aptamers has been pursued. This review focuses on chemical modifications, aimed at increasing the binding affinity for the aptamer's target either in a non-covalent or covalent fashion, hereby improving their application potential in a diagnostic context. An overview of current methodologies will be given, thereby distinguishing between pre- and post-SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) modifications.
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25
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Scherpereel A, Opitz I, Berghmans T, Psallidas I, Glatzer M, Rigau D, Astoul P, Bölükbas S, Boyd J, Coolen J, De Bondt C, De Ruysscher D, Durieux V, Faivre-Finn C, Fennell D, Galateau-Salle F, Greillier L, Hoda MA, Klepetko W, Lacourt A, McElnay P, Maskell NA, Mutti L, Pairon JC, Van Schil P, van Meerbeeck JP, Waller D, Weder W, Cardillo G, Putora PM. ERS/ESTS/EACTS/ESTRO guidelines for the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.00953-2019. [PMID: 32451346 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00953-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The European Respiratory Society (ERS)/European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS)/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)/European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) task force brought together experts to update previous 2009 ERS/ESTS guidelines on management of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), a rare cancer with globally poor outcome, after a systematic review of the 2009-2018 literature. The evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The evidence syntheses were discussed and recommendations formulated by this multidisciplinary group of experts. Diagnosis: pleural biopsies remain the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis, usually obtained by thoracoscopy but occasionally via image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy in cases of pleural symphysis or poor performance status. Pathology: standard staining procedures are insufficient in ∼10% of cases, justifying the use of specific markers, including BAP-1 and CDKN2A (p16) for the separation of atypical mesothelial proliferation from MPM. Staging: in the absence of a uniform, robust and validated staging system, we advise using the most recent 2016 8th TNM (tumour, node, metastasis) classification, with an algorithm for pre-therapeutic assessment. Monitoring: patient's performance status, histological subtype and tumour volume are the main prognostic factors of clinical importance in routine MPM management. Other potential parameters should be recorded at baseline and reported in clinical trials. Treatment: (chemo)therapy has limited efficacy in MPM patients and only selected patients are candidates for radical surgery. New promising targeted therapies, immunotherapies and strategies have been reviewed. Because of limited data on the best combination treatment, we emphasise that patients who are considered candidates for a multimodal approach, including radical surgery, should be treated as part of clinical trials in MPM-dedicated centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Scherpereel
- Pulmonary and Thoracic Oncology, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1189, OncoThAI, Lille, France .,French National Network of Clinical Expert Centers for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Management (Mesoclin), Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Opitz
- Dept of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ioannis Psallidas
- Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Markus Glatzer
- Dept of Radiation Oncology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - David Rigau
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philippe Astoul
- Dept of Thoracic Oncology, Pleural Diseases and Interventional Pulmonology, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Servet Bölükbas
- Dept of Thoracic Surgery, Evang, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Johan Coolen
- Dept of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte De Bondt
- Dept of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, Antwerp University and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Dept of Radiation Oncology (Maastro Clinic), Maastricht University Medical Center+, GROW Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie Durieux
- Bibliothèque des Sciences de la Santé, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Corinne Faivre-Finn
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dean Fennell
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester and University of Leicester Hospitals NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Francoise Galateau-Salle
- National Reference Center for Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma and Rare Peritoneal Tumors MESOPATH, Dept of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Greillier
- Aix Marseille University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Dept of Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations, Marseille, France
| | - Mir Ali Hoda
- Dept of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Dept of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aude Lacourt
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team EPICENE, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Nick A Maskell
- Academic Respiratory Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Luciano Mutti
- Teaching Hosp. Vercelli/Gruppo Italiano Mesotelioma, Italy
| | - Jean-Claude Pairon
- INSERM U955, Equipe 4, Université Paris-Est Créteil, and Service de Pathologies professionnelles et de l'Environnement, Institut Santé-Travail Paris-Est, CHI Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Paul Van Schil
- Dept Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan P van Meerbeeck
- Dept of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, Antwerp University and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - David Waller
- Barts Thorax Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Walter Weder
- Dept of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Cardillo
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Martin Putora
- Dept of Radiation Oncology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.,Dept of Radiation Oncology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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26
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Abbott DM, Bortolotto C, Benvenuti S, Lancia A, Filippi AR, Stella GM. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Genetic and Microenviromental Heterogeneity as an Unexpected Reading Frame and Therapeutic Challenge. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051186. [PMID: 32392897 PMCID: PMC7281319 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a malignancy of serosal membranes including the peritoneum, pleura, pericardium and the tunica vaginalis of the testes. Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare disease with a global incidence in countries like Italy of about 1.15 per 100,000 inhabitants. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is the most common form of mesothelioma, accounting for approximately 80% of disease. Although rare in the global population, mesothelioma is linked to industrial pollutants and mineral fiber exposure, with approximately 80% of cases linked to asbestos. Due to the persistent asbestos exposure in many countries, a worldwide progressive increase in MPM incidence is expected for the current and coming years. The tumor grows in a loco-regional pattern, spreading from the parietal to the visceral pleura and invading the surrounding structures that induce the clinical picture of pleural effusion, pain and dyspnea. Distant spreading and metastasis are rarely observed, and most patients die from the burden of the primary tumor. Currently, there are no effective treatments for MPM, and the prognosis is invariably poor. Some studies average the prognosis to be roughly one-year after diagnosis. The uniquely poor mutational landscape which characterizes MPM appears to derive from a selective pressure operated by the environment; thus, inflammation and immune response emerge as key players in driving MPM progression and represent promising therapeutic targets. Here we recapitulate current knowledge on MPM with focus on the emerging network between genetic asset and inflammatory microenvironment which characterize the disease as amenable target for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Michael Abbott
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Chandra Bortolotto
- Unit of Radiology, Department of Intensive Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Silvia Benvenuti
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO—IRCCS—Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95—10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy;
| | - Andrea Lancia
- Unit of Radiation Therapy, Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.L.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Andrea Riccardo Filippi
- Unit of Radiation Therapy, Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.L.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Giulia Maria Stella
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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27
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Williams SA, Kivimaki M, Langenberg C, Hingorani AD, Casas JP, Bouchard C, Jonasson C, Sarzynski MA, Shipley MJ, Alexander L, Ash J, Bauer T, Chadwick J, Datta G, DeLisle RK, Hagar Y, Hinterberg M, Ostroff R, Weiss S, Ganz P, Wareham NJ. Plasma protein patterns as comprehensive indicators of health. Nat Med 2019; 25:1851-1857. [PMID: 31792462 PMCID: PMC6922049 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are effector molecules that mediate the functions of genes1,2 and modulate comorbidities3-10, behaviors and drug treatments11. They represent an enormous potential resource for personalized, systemic and data-driven diagnosis, prevention, monitoring and treatment. However, the concept of using plasma proteins for individualized health assessment across many health conditions simultaneously has not been tested. Here, we show that plasma protein expression patterns strongly encode for multiple different health states, future disease risks and lifestyle behaviors. We developed and validated protein-phenotype models for 11 different health indicators: liver fat, kidney filtration, percentage body fat, visceral fat mass, lean body mass, cardiopulmonary fitness, physical activity, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, diabetes risk and primary cardiovascular event risk. The analyses were prospectively planned, documented and executed at scale on archived samples and clinical data, with a total of ~85 million protein measurements in 16,894 participants. Our proof-of-concept study demonstrates that protein expression patterns reliably encode for many different health issues, and that large-scale protein scanning12-16 coupled with machine learning is viable for the development and future simultaneous delivery of multiple measures of health. We anticipate that, with further validation and the addition of more protein-phenotype models, this approach could enable a single-source, individualized so-called liquid health check.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- University College London, British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - J P Casas
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Christian Jonasson
- HUNT Research Center and K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mark A Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Martin J Shipley
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Ganz
- Division of Cardiology, Center of Excellence in Vascular Research, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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28
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Pan L, Zhang X, Jia H, Huang M, Liu F, Wang J, Du B, Wei R, Sun Q, Xing A, Li Q, Zhang Z. Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Novel Biomarkers for Distinguishing Tuberculosis Pleural Effusion from Malignant Pleural Effusion. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 14:e1900001. [PMID: 31715074 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify potential protein biomarkers for distinguishing tuberculosis plural effusion (TBPE) from malignant plural effusion (MPE). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Five independent samples from each group (TBPE and MPE) are enrolled for label-free quantitative proteomics analyses. The differentially expressed proteins are validated by western blot and ELISA. Logistic regression analysis is used to obtain the optimal diagnostic model. RESULTS In total, 14 proteins with significant difference are identified between TBPE and MPE. Seven differentially expressed proteins are validated using western blot, and the expression patterns of these seven proteins are similar with those in proteomics analysis. Statistically significant differences in four proteins (AGP1, ORM2, C9, and SERPING1) are noted between TBPE and MPE in the training set (n = 230). Logistic regression analysis shows the combination of AGP1-ORM2-C9 presents a sensitivity of 73.0% (92/126) and specificity of 89.4% (93/104) in discriminating TBPE from MPE. Additional validation is performed to evaluate the diagnostic model in an independent blind testing set (n = 80), and yielded a sensitivity of 74.4% (32/43) and specificity of 91.9% (34/37) in discriminating TBPE from MPE. CONCLUSION The study uncovers the proteomic profiles of TBPE and MPE, and provides new potential diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing TBPE from MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Pan
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Hongyan Jia
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Mailing Huang
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Boping Du
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Rongrong Wei
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Aiying Xing
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Zongde Zhang
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
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29
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Catino A, de Gennaro G, Di Gilio A, Facchini L, Galetta D, Palmisani J, Porcelli F, Varesano N. Breath Analysis: A Systematic Review of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Management of Pleural Mesothelioma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E831. [PMID: 31207975 PMCID: PMC6627570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare neoplasm related to asbestos exposure and with high mortality rate. The management of patients with MPM is complex and controversial, particularly with regard to early diagnosis. In the last few years, breath analysis has been greatly implemented with this aim. In this review the strengths of breath analysis and preliminary results in searching breath biomarkers of MPM are highlighted and discussed, respectively. Through a systematic electronic literature search, collecting papers published from 2000 until December 2018, fifteen relevant scientific papers were selected. All papers considered were prospective, comparative, observational case-control studies although every single one pilot and based on a relatively small number of samples. The identification of diagnostic VOCs pattern, through breath sample characterization and the statistical data treatment, allows to obtain a strategic information for clinical diagnostics. To date the collected data provide just preliminary information and, despite the promising results and diagnostic accuracy, conclusions cannot be generalized due to the limited number of individuals included in each cohort study. Furthermore none of studies was externally validated, although validation process is a necessary step towards clinical implementation. Breathomics-based biomarker approach should be further explored to confirm and validate preliminary findings and to evaluate its potential role in monitoring the therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Catino
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Clinical Cancer Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | - Laura Facchini
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Domenico Galetta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Clinical Cancer Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | - Niccolò Varesano
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Clinical Cancer Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Giudice G, Petsalaki E. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics in precision medicine: applications and challenges. Brief Bioinform 2019; 20:767-777. [PMID: 29077858 PMCID: PMC6585152 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbx141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in proteomics allow the accurate measurement of abundances for thousands of proteins and phosphoproteins from multiple samples in parallel. Therefore, for the first time, we have the opportunity to measure the proteomic profiles of thousands of patient samples or disease model cell lines in a systematic way, to identify the precise underlying molecular mechanism and discover personalized biomarkers, networks and treatments. Here, we review examples of successful use of proteomics and phosphoproteomics data sets in as well as their integration other omics data sets with the aim of precision medicine. We will discuss the bioinformatics challenges posed by the generation, analysis and integration of such large data sets and present potential reasons why proteomics profiling and biomarkers are not currently widely used in the clinical setting. We will finally discuss ways to contribute to the better use of proteomics data in precision medicine and the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Giudice
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute
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Evaluation of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Serum Concentration as a Biomarker in Malignant Mesothelioma. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:1242964. [PMID: 31191742 PMCID: PMC6525906 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1242964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare, but fatal disease with few treatment options. The diagnosis and treatment response are challenging in MM. Therefore, the search for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is ongoing. The aim of our study was to investigate matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) as a potential serum biomarker of treatment response and survival in MM. We also investigated the influence of genetic polymorphisms on MMP9 serum levels. Methods We included 110 patients with MM that have been previously genotyped for common MMP9 polymorphisms. Serum samples were collected before treatment, at the end of chemotherapy, and at the time of progression. MMP9 serum levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The role of serum MMP9 and MMP9 polymorphisms in treatment response was determined using the nonparametric tests and logistic or Cox regression. Results Median serum MMP9 was 706.7 (499.6-1224.9) ng/ml before treatment, 440.5 (255.9-685.2) ng/ml after chemotherapy, and 502.8 (307.2-851.4) ng/ml at disease progression. After chemotherapy, 87 (79.8%) patients had lower serum MMP9, with the median change of -286.3 (-607.3 to -70.2) ng/ml (P < 0.001). At disease progression, 47 (65.3%) patients had lower serum MMP9 compared to pretreatment values, with the median change of -163.7 (-466.6 to 108.6) ng/ml (P = 0.001). Patients with higher performance status had higher serum MMP9 before treatment (P = 0.010). Among investigated polymorphisms, only rs17576 was associated with serum MMP9 levels before treatment (P = 0.041). Conclusion Median serum MMP9 levels differed significantly before and after treatment of MM, but failed to reach significance as a standalone biomarker. The contribution of MMP9 serum levels and MMP9 polymorphisms to a composite diagnostic and prognostic biomarker should be further tested.
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Dini G, Bragazzi NL, Montecucco A, Toletone A, Debarbieri N, Durando P. Big Data in occupational medicine: the convergence of -omics sciences, participatory research and e-health. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2019; 110:102-114. [PMID: 30990472 PMCID: PMC7809972 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v110i2.7765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: New occupational hazards and risks are emerging in our progressively globalized society, in which ageing, migration, wild urbanization and rapid economic growth have led to unprecedented biological, chemical and physical exposures, linked to novel technologies, products and duty cycles. A focus shift from worker health to worker/citizen and community health is crucial. One of the major revolutions of the last decades is the computerization and digitization of the work process, the so-called “work 4.0”, and of the workplace. Objectives: To explore the roles and implications of Big Data in the new occupational medicine settings. Methods: Comprehensive literature search. Results: Big Data are characterized by volume, variety, veracity, velocity, and value. They come both from wet-lab techniques (“molecular Big Data”) and computational infrastructures, including databases, sensors and smart devices (“computational Big Data” and “digital Big Data”). Conclusions: In the light of novel hazards and thanks to new analytical approaches, molecular and digital underpinnings become extremely important in occupational medicine. Computational and digital tools can enable us to uncover new relationships between exposures and work-related diseases; to monitor the public reaction to novel risk factors associated to occupational diseases; to identify exposure-related changes in disease natural history; and to evaluate preventive workplace practices and legislative measures adopted for workplace health and safety.
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Xiong H, Yan J, Cai S, He Q, Peng D, Liu Z, Liu Y. Cancer protein biomarker discovery based on nucleic acid aptamers. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:190-202. [PMID: 30926499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Identification of biomarkers is essential for diagnosis, targeted therapy and prognosis evaluation of diseases, especially cancers. Currently, the number of ideal clinical biomarkers is still limited partially because of lacking efficient methods in biomarker discovery. Nucleic acid aptamers are artificial single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences that can selectively bind to various targets with high specificity and affinity. Moreover, aptamers possess desirable advantages, including easy synthesis, convenient modification, relative chemical stability and low immunogenicity. Recently, different aptamer-based strategies have been developed to facilitate the discovery of biomarkers. Based on cell-SELEX technology, the selected aptamers can be used to identify cell-surface protein biomarkers of different cancer cells. SOMAscan can analyze thousands of proteins of different biological samples, which becomes a multiplexed protein biomarker discovery platform. Additionally, secreted protein biomarkers can be discovered by aptamers screened through secretome SELEX. In order to facilitate the identification of target proteins, several covalent cross-linking strategies have been developed, such as aptamer-based affinity labeling (ABAL), DNA-templated aptamer and protein-aptamer template (PAT). In this review, we mainly highlight the emerging nucleic acid aptamer-based biomarker discovery strategies and demonstrate their unique technological advantages in discovering cancer biomarkers. The challenges and perspectives of aptamer-based methods are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Shundong Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Qunye He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Dongming Peng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhenbao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, PR China.
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Norman KC, Moore BB, Arnold KB, O’Dwyer DN. Proteomics: Clinical and research applications in respiratory diseases. Respirology 2018; 23:993-1003. [PMID: 30105802 PMCID: PMC6234509 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The proteome is the study of the protein content of a definable component of an organism in biology. However, the tissue-specific expression of proteins and the varied post-translational modifications, splice variants and protein-protein complexes that may form, make the study of protein a challenging yet vital tool in answering many of the unanswered questions in medicine and biology to date. Indeed, the spatial, temporal and functional composition of proteins in the human body has proven difficult to elucidate for many years. Given the effect of microRNA and epigenetic regulation on silencing and enhancing gene transcription, the study of protein arguably provides more accurate information on homeostasis and perturbation in health and disease. There have been significant advances in the field of proteomics in recent years, with new technologies and platforms available to the research community. In this review, we briefly discuss some of these new technologies and developments in the context of respiratory disease. We also discuss the types of data science approaches to analyses and interpretation of the large volumes of data generated in proteomic studies. We discuss the application of these technologies with regard to respiratory disease and highlight the potential for proteomics in generating major advances in the understanding of respiratory pathophysiology into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy C. Norman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Kelly B. Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - David N. O’Dwyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
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Giudice V, Biancotto A, Wu Z, Cheung F, Candia J, Fantoni G, Kajigaya S, Rios O, Townsley D, Feng X, Young NS. Aptamer-based proteomics of serum and plasma in acquired aplastic anemia. Exp Hematol 2018; 68:38-50. [PMID: 30312735 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Single-stranded oligonucleotides containing deoxyuridine are aptamers (SOMAmers) that can bind proteins with high specificity and affinity and slow dissociation rates. SOMAscan, an aptamer-based proteomic technology, allows measurement of more than 1,300 proteins simultaneously for the identification of new disease biomarkers. The aim of the present study was to identify new serum and plasma protein markers for diagnosis of acquired aplastic anemia (AA) and response to immunosuppressive therapies (IST). SOMAscan was used to screen 1,141 serum proteins in 28 AA patients before and after therapy and 1,317 plasma proteins in seven SAA patients treated with standard IST and a thrombopoietin receptor agonist. From our analysis, 19 serum and 28 plasma proteins were identified as possible candidate diagnostic and prognostic markers. A custom immunobead-based multiplex assay with five selected serum proteins (BMP-10, CCL17, DKK1, HGF, and SELL) was used for validation in a verification set (n = 65) of samples obtained before and after IST and in a blinded validation cohort at baseline (n = 16). After technical validation, four biomarkers were employed to predict diagnosis (accuracy, 88%) and long-term response to IST (accuracy, 79%). In conclusion, SOMAscan is a powerful tool for the identification of new biomarkers. We propose further larger studies to validate new candidate serum and plasma diagnostic and prognostic markers of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Giudice
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Angélique Biancotto
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Foo Cheung
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julián Candia
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giovanna Fantoni
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olga Rios
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle Townsley
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Prediagnostic detection of mesothelioma by circulating calretinin and mesothelin - a case-control comparison nested into a prospective cohort of asbestos-exposed workers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14321. [PMID: 30254313 PMCID: PMC6156219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is strongly associated with a previous asbestos exposure. To improve timely detection of MM in asbestos workers, better screening tools – like minimally-invasive biomarkers – are desirable. Between 2008 and 2018 2,769 patients with benign asbestos-related diseases were recruited to participate in annual screens. Using a nested case-control design the protein markers calretinin and mesothelin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in prediagnostic plasma samples of 34 MM cases as well as 136 matched controls from the cohort. Conditional on a pre-defined specificity of 98% for calretinin and 99% for mesothelin the markers reached individual sensitivities of 31% and 23%, respectively, when including the incident cases with samples taken between one and 15 months before diagnosis. The combination of both markers increased the sensitivity to 46% at 98% specificity. Marker complementation increased with earlier sampling. The marker combination improves the sensitivity of the individual markers, indicating a useful complementation and suggesting that additional markers may further improve the performance. This is the first prospective cohort study to evaluate a detection of MM by calretinin and its combination with mesothelin up to about a year before clinical diagnosis. Whether an earlier diagnosis will result in reduced mortality has yet to be demonstrated.
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Bayat P, Nosrati R, Alibolandi M, Rafatpanah H, Abnous K, Khedri M, Ramezani M. SELEX methods on the road to protein targeting with nucleic acid aptamers. Biochimie 2018; 154:132-155. [PMID: 30193856 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systematic evolution of ligand by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is an efficient method used to isolate high-affinity single stranded oligonucleotides from a large random sequence pool. These SELEX-derived oligonucleotides named aptamer, can be selected against a broad spectrum of target molecules including proteins, cells, microorganisms and chemical compounds. Like antibodies, aptamers have a great potential in interacting with and binding to their targets through structural recognition and are therefore called "chemical antibodies". However, aptamers offer advantages over antibodies including smaller size, better tissue penetration, higher thermal stability, lower immunogenicity, easier production, lower cost of synthesis and facilitated conjugation or modification with different functional moieties. Thus, aptamers represent an attractive substitution for protein antibodies in the fields of biomarker discovery, diagnosis, imaging and targeted therapy. Enormous interest in aptamer technology triggered the development of SELEX that has underwent numerous modifications since its introduction in 1990. This review will discuss the recent advances in SELEX methods and their advantages and limitations. Aptamer applications are also briefly outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Bayat
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rahim Nosrati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Khedri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Røe OD. Mesothelioma diagnosis and prognosis, are we moving beyond histology and performance status towards circulating biomarkers? J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S1956-S1961. [PMID: 30023090 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.06.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oluf Dimitri Røe
- Department of Clinical Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NO 7491, Norway.,Cancer Clinic, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, NO 7600, Norway.,Department of Oncology & Clinical Cancer Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, DK 9000, Denmark
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Kim CH, Tworoger SS, Stampfer MJ, Dillon ST, Gu X, Sawyer SJ, Chan AT, Libermann TA, Eliassen AH. Stability and reproducibility of proteomic profiles measured with an aptamer-based platform. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8382. [PMID: 29849057 PMCID: PMC5976624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26640-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of SOMAscan, a multiplex, high sensitivity proteomics platform, for use in studies using archived plasma samples has not yet been assessed. We quantified 1,305 proteins from plasma samples donated by 16 Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) participants, 40 NHSII participants, and 12 local volunteers. We assessed assay reproducibility using coefficients of variation (CV) from duplicate samples and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Spearman correlation coefficients (r) of samples processed (i.e., centrifuged and aliquoted into separate components) immediately, 24, and 48 hours after collection, as well as those of samples collected from the same individuals 1 year apart. CVs were <20% for 99% of proteins overall and <10% for 92% of proteins in heparin samples compared to 66% for EDTA samples. We observed ICC or Spearman r (comparing immediate vs. 24-hour delayed processing) ≥0.75 for 61% of proteins, with some variation by anticoagulant (56% for heparin and 70% for EDTA) and protein class (ranging from 49% among kinases to 83% among hormones). Within-person stability over 1 year was good (ICC or Spearman r ≥ 0.4) for 91% of proteins. These results demonstrate the feasibility of SOMAscan for analyses of archived plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire H Kim
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon T Dillon
- Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics, and Systems Biology Center and Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Proteomics Core, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuesong Gu
- Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics, and Systems Biology Center and Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Proteomics Core, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Towia A Libermann
- Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics, and Systems Biology Center and Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Proteomics Core, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Bayramoglu G, Ozalp VC, Dincbal U, Arica MY. Fast and Sensitive Detection of Salmonella in Milk Samples Using Aptamer-Functionalized Magnetic Silica Solid Phase and MCM-41-Aptamer Gate System. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1437-1444. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulay Bayramoglu
- Biochemical Processing and Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Gazi University, 06500 Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | - V. Cengiz Ozalp
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Bioengineering, 42080 Konya, Turkey
- Research and Development Center for Diagnostic Kits (KIT-ARGEM), Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080 Konya, Turkey
| | - Uguray Dincbal
- Biochemical Processing and Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Gazi University, 06500 Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M. Yakup Arica
- Biochemical Processing and Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Gazi University, 06500 Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey
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Cristaudo A, Bonotti A, Guglielmi G, Fallahi P, Foddis R. Serum mesothelin and other biomarkers: what have we learned in the last decade? J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S353-S359. [PMID: 29507805 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.10.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade there is been much interest in noninvasive, economic and well-accepted diagnostic tests for screening of subjects exposed to asbestos, and in patients with malignant pleuric mesothelioma (MPM) for diagnosis or monitoring response to treatment. Several biomarkers have been suggested as tools for screening and early diagnosis of MPM. Currently, in patients with MPM, have been reported high levels of soluble mesothelin-related peptides (SMRP), plasmatic osteopontin (pOPN), vimentin, fibulin-3 and many others as promising marker for diagnosis, even their use in prevention monitoring is still discussed. In this type of disease, a key role could be played by miRNAs, which expression has been investigated in a large series of MPM to examine new pathways useful in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. An altered expression of some proteins has been reported, useful as biomarkers, in comparative proteomic analysis of malignant pleural mesothelioma. New promising markers are nowadays under study and alone or better in combination, they'll be very helpful in diagnosing, monitoring mesothelioma patients or for screening of risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Cristaudo
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bonotti
- Operative Unit of Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guglielmi
- Operative Unit of Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rudy Foddis
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Cherrie JW, McElvenny D, Blyth KG. Estimating past inhalation exposure to asbestos: A tool for risk attribution and disease screening. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Blyth KG, Murphy DJ. Progress and challenges in Mesothelioma: From bench to bedside. Respir Med 2017; 134:31-41. [PMID: 29413505 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is currently an incurable cancer with a typical survival of 1 year from the time of diagnosis. The recent genomic and transcriptomic characterization of MPM presents new opportunities and challenges for MPM researchers. Recent advances in clinical and laboratory diagnostics, and proposals for an updated, data-driven, staging system, also present new challenges for clinicians and hospital services involved in MPM care. The aim of this review is first to introduce the reader to the topic of MPM, a disease that is causally linked to prior, typically occupational, exposure to asbestos fibres. Secondly, we will discuss MPM from the clinical and laboratory perspectives, including reviews of current and evolving therapies and our present understanding of the molecular basis of the disease. Finally, we will attempt to identify critical knowledge gaps that currently prevent more effective treatment, including the challenges involved in early detection and chemoprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Blyth
- Glasgow Pleural Disease Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, UK.
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Abstract
Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer of pleural and peritoneal cells that is difficult to diagnose and monitor. Numerous studies have attempted to identify a blood- or pleural fluid-based biomarker that could be used in the diagnostic pathway. More recently, there has been interest in the ability of serum/plasma biomarkers to monitor mesothelioma, given the development of newer treatments and limitations of radiological assessment. The majority of research has focused on soluble mesothelin, a soluble glycoprotein expressed by mesothelial cells. Although soluble mesothelin lacks the sensitivity to be used as a standalone diagnostic marker, serial measurements may be informative, with rising concentrations indicating disease progression and poor survival. High concentrations of other soluble glycoproteins, such as osteopontin, fibulin-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor are independently associated with poor prognosis at baseline, although further research is required to ascertain any role outside of clinical trials. More recent literature has focused on the development of novel biomarkers from discovery cohorts. Although many DNA and mRNA biomarkers show promise in the diagnosis or screening of mesothelioma, none have been prospectively evaluated for use in clinical practice. In this review article, we highlight the potential utility of biomarkers and evaluate the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Arnold
- Academic Respiratory Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nick A Maskell
- Academic Respiratory Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Carbone M, Kanodia S, Chao A, Miller A, Wali A, Weissman D, Adjei A, Baumann F, Boffetta P, Buck B, de Perrot M, Dogan AU, Gavett S, Gualtieri A, Hassan R, Hesdorffer M, Hirsch FR, Larson D, Mao W, Masten S, Pass HI, Peto J, Pira E, Steele I, Tsao A, Woodard GA, Yang H, Malik S. Consensus Report of the 2015 Weinman International Conference on Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 11:1246-1262. [PMID: 27453164 PMCID: PMC5551435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
On November 9 and 10, 2015, the International Conference on Mesothelioma in Populations Exposed to Naturally Occurring Asbestiform Fibers was held at the University of Hawaii Cancer Center in Honolulu, Hawaii. The meeting was cosponsored by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and the agenda was designed with significant input from staff at the U.S. National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. A multidisciplinary group of participants presented updates reflecting a range of disciplinary perspectives, including mineralogy, geology, epidemiology, toxicology, biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, public health, and clinical oncology. The group identified knowledge gaps that are barriers to preventing and treating malignant mesothelioma (MM) and the required next steps to address barriers. This manuscript reports the group’s efforts and focus on strategies to limit risk to the population and reduce the incidence of MM. Four main topics were explored: genetic risk, environmental exposure, biomarkers, and clinical interventions. Genetics plays a critical role in MM when the disease occurs in carriers of germline BRCA1 associated protein 1 mutations. Moreover, it appears likely that, in addition to BRCA1 associated protein 1, other yet unknown genetic variants may also influence the individual risk for development of MM, especially after exposure to asbestos and related mineral fibers. MM is an almost entirely preventable malignancy as it is most often caused by exposure to commercial asbestos or mineral fibers with asbestos-like health effects, such as erionite. In the past in North America and in Europe, the most prominent source of exposure was related to occupation. Present regulations have reduced occupational exposure in these countries; however, some people continue to be exposed to previously installed asbestos in older construction and other settings. Moreover, an increasing number of people are being exposed in rural areas that contain noncommercial asbestos, erionite, and other mineral fibers in soil or rock (termed naturally occurring asbestos [NOA]) and are being developed. Public health authorities, scientists, residents, and other affected groups must work together in the areas where exposure to asbestos, including NOA, has been documented in the environment to mitigate or reduce this exposure. Although a blood biomarker validated to be effective for use in screening and identifying MM at an early stage in asbestos/ NOA-exposed populations is not currently available, novel biomarkers presented at the meeting, such as high mobility group box 1 and fibulin-3, are promising. There was general agreement that current treatment for MM, which is based on surgery and standard chemotherapy, has a modest effect on the overall survival (OS), which remains dismal. Additionally, although much needed novel therapeutic approaches for MM are being developed and explored in clinical trials, there is a critical need to invest in prevention research, in which there is a great opportunity to reduce the incidence and mortality from MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Carbone
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
| | - Shreya Kanodia
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ann Chao
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aubrey Miller
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Anil Wali
- Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David Weissman
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | | | | | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Brenda Buck
- Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Marc de Perrot
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Umran Dogan
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department and Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Steve Gavett
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Raffit Hassan
- Thoracic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary Hesdorffer
- Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - David Larson
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Weimin Mao
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital and Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Scott Masten
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Julian Peto
- Cancer Research UK, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Pira
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ian Steele
- Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Anne Tsao
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gavitt Alida Woodard
- Thoracic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Haining Yang
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Shakun Malik
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Pellegrini L, Xue J, Larson D, Pastorino S, Jube S, Forest KH, Saad-Jube ZS, Napolitano A, Pagano I, Negi VS, Bianchi ME, Morris P, Pass HI, Gaudino G, Carbone M, Yang H. HMGB1 targeting by ethyl pyruvate suppresses malignant phenotype of human mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22649-22661. [PMID: 28186988 PMCID: PMC5410252 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive cancer linked to asbestos and erionite exposure. We previously reported that High-Mobility Group Box-1 protein (HMGB1), a prototypic damage-associated molecular pattern, drives MM development and sustains MM progression. Moreover, we demonstrated that targeting HMGB1 inhibited MM cell growth and motility in vitro, reduced tumor growth in vivo, and prolonged survival of MM-bearing mice. Ethyl pyruvate (EP), the ethyl ester of pyruvic acid, has been shown to be an effective HMGB1 inhibitor in inflammation-related diseases and several cancers. Here, we studied the effect of EP on the malignant phenotype of MM cells in tissue culture and on tumor growth in vivo using an orthotopic MM xenograft model. We found that EP impairs HMGB1 secretion by MM cells leading to reduced RAGE expression and NF-κB activation. As a consequence, EP impaired cell motility, cell proliferation, and anchorage-independent growth of MM cells. Moreover, EP reduced HMGB1 serum levels in mice and inhibited the growth of MM xenografts. Our results indicate that EP effectively hampers the malignant phenotype of MM, offering a novel potential therapeutic approach to patients afflicted with this dismal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pellegrini
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jiaming Xue
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Leeward Community College, Mathematics and Sciences Division, University of Hawai'i System, Pearl City, HI, USA
| | - David Larson
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Sandra Pastorino
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Sandro Jube
- University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kelly H Forest
- Leeward Community College, Mathematics and Sciences Division, University of Hawai'i System, Pearl City, HI, USA
| | - Zeyana Salim Saad-Jube
- University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Myron B. Thompson School of Social Work, Office of Public Health and Center on Aging, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Andrea Napolitano
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.,University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ian Pagano
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Vishal S Negi
- University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- San Raffaele University and Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul Morris
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Harvey I Pass
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Gaudino
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Michele Carbone
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Haining Yang
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Discovery and Validation of a Six-Marker Serum Protein Signature for the Diagnosis of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:3057-3071. [PMID: 28794177 PMCID: PMC5625392 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00467-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
New non-sputum biomarker tests for active tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics are of the highest priority for global TB control. We performed in-depth proteomic analysis using the 4,000-plex SOMAscan assay on 1,470 serum samples from seven countries where TB is endemic. All samples were from patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of active pulmonary TB that were systematically confirmed or ruled out for TB by culture and clinical follow-up. HIV coinfection was present in 34% of samples, and 25% were sputum smear negative. Serum protein biomarkers were identified by stability selection using L1-regularized logistic regression and by Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistics. A naive Bayes classifier using six host response markers (HR6 model), including SYWC, kallistatin, complement C9, gelsolin, testican-2, and aldolase C, performed well in a training set (area under the sensitivity-specificity curve [AUC] of 0.94) and in a blinded verification set (AUC of 0.92) to distinguish TB and non-TB samples. Differential expression was also highly significant (P < 10−20) for previously described TB markers, such as IP-10, LBP, FCG3B, and TSP4, and for many novel proteins not previously associated with TB. Proteins with the largest median fold changes were SAA (serum amyloid protein A), NPS-PLA2 (secreted phospholipase A2), and CA6 (carbonic anhydrase 6). Target product profiles (TPPs) for a non-sputum biomarker test to diagnose active TB for treatment initiation (TPP#1) and for a community-based triage or referral test (TPP#2) have been published by the WHO. With 90% sensitivity and 80% specificity, the HR6 model fell short of TPP#1 but reached TPP#2 performance criteria. In conclusion, we identified and validated a six-marker signature for active TB that warrants diagnostic development on a patient-near platform.
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Inhibition of the spindle assembly checkpoint kinase Mps-1 as a novel therapeutic strategy in malignant mesothelioma. Oncogene 2017; 36:6501-6507. [PMID: 28759042 PMCID: PMC5690838 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive malignancy, highly resistant to current medical and surgical therapies, whose tumor cells characteristically show a high level of aneuploidy and genomic instability. We tested our hypothesis that targeting chromosomal instability in MM would improve response to therapy. TTK/Mps-1 (monopolar spindle 1 kinase) is a kinase of the spindle assembly checkpoint that controls cell division and cell fate. CFI-402257 is a novel, selective inhibitor of Mps-1 with antineoplastic activity. We found that CFI-402257 suppresses MM growth. We found that Mps-1 is overexpressed in MM and that its expression correlates with poor patients’ outcome. In vitro, CFI-402257-mediated inhibition of Mps-1 resulted in abrogation of the mitotic checkpoint, premature progression through mitosis, marked aneuploidy and mitotic catastrophe. In vivo, CFI-402257 reduced MM growth in an orthotopic, syngeneic model, when used as a single agent, and more so when used in combination with cisplatin+pemetrexed, the current standard of care. Our preclinical findings indicate that CFI-402257 is a promising novel therapeutic agent to improve the efficacy of the current chemotherapeutic regimens for MM patients.
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Erez O, Romero R, Maymon E, Chaemsaithong P, Done B, Pacora P, Panaitescu B, Chaiworapongsa T, Hassan SS, Tarca AL. The prediction of late-onset preeclampsia: Results from a longitudinal proteomics study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181468. [PMID: 28738067 PMCID: PMC5524331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-onset preeclampsia is the most prevalent phenotype of this syndrome; nevertheless, only a few biomarkers for its early diagnosis have been reported. We sought to correct this deficiency using a high through-put proteomic platform. METHODS A case-control longitudinal study was conducted, including 90 patients with normal pregnancies and 76 patients with late-onset preeclampsia (diagnosed at ≥34 weeks of gestation). Maternal plasma samples were collected throughout gestation (normal pregnancy: 2-6 samples per patient, median of 2; late-onset preeclampsia: 2-6, median of 5). The abundance of 1,125 proteins was measured using an aptamers-based proteomics technique. Protein abundance in normal pregnancies was modeled using linear mixed-effects models to estimate mean abundance as a function of gestational age. Data was then expressed as multiples of-the-mean (MoM) values in normal pregnancies. Multi-marker prediction models were built using data from one of five gestational age intervals (8-16, 16.1-22, 22.1-28, 28.1-32, 32.1-36 weeks of gestation). The predictive performance of the best combination of proteins was compared to placental growth factor (PIGF) using bootstrap. RESULTS 1) At 8-16 weeks of gestation, the best prediction model included only one protein, matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7), that had a sensitivity of 69% at a false positive rate (FPR) of 20% (AUC = 0.76); 2) at 16.1-22 weeks of gestation, MMP-7 was the single best predictor of late-onset preeclampsia with a sensitivity of 70% at a FPR of 20% (AUC = 0.82); 3) after 22 weeks of gestation, PlGF was the best predictor of late-onset preeclampsia, identifying 1/3 to 1/2 of the patients destined to develop this syndrome (FPR = 20%); 4) 36 proteins were associated with late-onset preeclampsia in at least one interval of gestation (after adjustment for covariates); 5) several biological processes, such as positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway, were perturbed; and 6) from 22.1 weeks of gestation onward, the set of proteins most predictive of severe preeclampsia was different from the set most predictive of the mild form of this syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Elevated MMP-7 early in gestation (8-22 weeks) and low PlGF later in gestation (after 22 weeks) are the strongest predictors for the subsequent development of late-onset preeclampsia, suggesting that the optimal identification of patients at risk may involve a two-step diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Maternity Department “D” and Obstetrical Day Care Center, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RR); (ALT)
| | - Eli Maymon
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bogdan Done
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RR); (ALT)
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Liu B, van Gerwen M, Bonassi S, Taioli E. Epidemiology of Environmental Exposure and Malignant Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 12:1031-1045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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