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Park H, Jeon H, Lee KJ, Kim CG, Shin D. Seaweed intake modulates the association between VIPR2 variants and the incidence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Koreans. Food Funct 2023; 14:9446-9456. [PMID: 37807848 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02425c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Vasoactive intrinsic peptide receptor (VIPR2), a circadian gene, is involved in metabolic homeostasis and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Seaweeds contain polysaccharides that regulate metabolic homeostasis, possibly by altering the effects of VIPR2 variants. We examined the relationship between VIPR2 expression and the incidence of MetS based on seaweed consumption. This study included 4979 Koreans aged ≥40 years using data from the Ansan-Ansung cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The total seaweeds included were laver, kelp, and sea mustard. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the interactions between the VIPR2 rs6950857 genotype associated with MetS incidence and seaweed intake after adjusting for covariates such as region. A total of 2134 patients with MetS were followed for an average of 8.9 years. In men with the GG genotype of rs6950857, the highest quintile of seaweed consumption was associated with a decreased incidence of MetS compared with that of the lowest quintile (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-0.98). We identified a unique association between the rs6950857 genotype, seaweed intake, and MetS. These findings highlight the importance of VIPR2 and the regulatory role of seaweed consumption in MetS incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunyu Jeon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Ju Lee
- Department of Women's Rehabilitation, National Rehabilitation Center, 58, Samgaksan-ro, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul 01022, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Gon Kim
- Ocean Climate Response & Ecosystem Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeon Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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BaHammam AS, Pirzada A. Timing Matters: The Interplay between Early Mealtime, Circadian Rhythms, Gene Expression, Circadian Hormones, and Metabolism-A Narrative Review. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:507-535. [PMID: 37754352 PMCID: PMC10528427 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving synchronization between the central and peripheral body clocks is essential for ensuring optimal metabolic function. Meal timing is an emerging field of research that investigates the influence of eating patterns on our circadian rhythm, metabolism, and overall health. This narrative review examines the relationship between meal timing, circadian rhythm, clock genes, circadian hormones, and metabolic function. It analyzes the existing literature and experimental data to explore the connection between mealtime, circadian rhythms, and metabolic processes. The available evidence highlights the importance of aligning mealtime with the body's natural rhythms to promote metabolic health and prevent metabolic disorders. Specifically, studies show that consuming meals later in the day is associated with an elevated prevalence of metabolic disorders, while early time-restricted eating, such as having an early breakfast and an earlier dinner, improves levels of glucose in the blood and substrate oxidation. Circadian hormones, including cortisol and melatonin, interact with mealtimes and play vital roles in regulating metabolic processes. Cortisol, aligned with dawn in diurnal mammals, activates energy reserves, stimulates appetite, influences clock gene expression, and synchronizes peripheral clocks. Consuming meals during periods of elevated melatonin levels, specifically during the circadian night, has been correlated with potential implications for glucose tolerance. Understanding the mechanisms of central and peripheral clock synchronization, including genetics, interactions with chronotype, sleep duration, and hormonal changes, provides valuable insights for optimizing dietary strategies and timing. This knowledge contributes to improved overall health and well-being by aligning mealtime with the body's natural circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. BaHammam
- The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrouf Pirzada
- North Cumbria Integrated Care (NCIC), National Health Service (NHS), Carlisle CA2 7HY, UK;
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3
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Guaita-Cespedes M, Grillo-Risco R, Hidalgo MR, Fernández-Veledo S, Burks DJ, de la Iglesia-Vayá M, Galán A, Garcia-Garcia F. Deciphering the sex bias in housekeeping gene expression in adipose tissue: a comprehensive meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:20. [PMID: 37072826 PMCID: PMC10114345 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the housekeeping genes (HKG) generally involved in maintaining essential cell functions are typically assumed to exhibit constant expression levels across cell types, they are commonly employed as internal controls in gene expression studies. Nevertheless, HKG may vary gene expression profile according to different variables introducing systematic errors into experimental results. Sex bias can indeed affect expression display, however, up to date, sex has not been typically considered as a biological variable. METHODS In this study, we evaluate the expression profiles of six classical housekeeping genes (four metabolic: GAPDH, HPRT, PPIA, and UBC, and two ribosomal: 18S and RPL19) to determine expression stability in adipose tissues (AT) of Homo sapiens and Mus musculus and check sex bias and their overall suitability as internal controls. We also assess the expression stability of all genes included in distinct whole-transcriptome microarrays available from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify sex-unbiased housekeeping genes (suHKG) suitable for use as internal controls. We perform a novel computational strategy based on meta-analysis techniques to identify any sexual dimorphisms in mRNA expression stability in AT and to properly validate potential candidates. RESULTS Just above half of the considered studies informed properly about the sex of the human samples, however, not enough female mouse samples were found to be included in this analysis. We found differences in the HKG expression stability in humans between female and male samples, with females presenting greater instability. We propose a suHKG signature including experimentally validated classical HKG like PPIA and RPL19 and novel potential markers for human AT and discarding others like the extensively used 18S gene due to a sex-based variability display in adipose tissue. Orthologs have also been assayed and proposed for mouse WAT suHKG signature. All results generated during this study are readily available by accessing an open web resource ( https://bioinfo.cipf.es/metafun-HKG ) for consultation and reuse in further studies. CONCLUSIONS This sex-based research proves that certain classical housekeeping genes fail to function adequately as controls when analyzing human adipose tissue considering sex as a variable. We confirm RPL19 and PPIA suitability as sex-unbiased human and mouse housekeeping genes derived from sex-specific expression profiles, and propose new ones such as RPS8 and UBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guaita-Cespedes
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Hematology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Grillo-Risco
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta R Hidalgo
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigaciò Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Deborah Jane Burks
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - María de la Iglesia-Vayá
- Imaging Unit FISABIO-CIPF, Fundación Para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Galán
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francisco Garcia-Garcia
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
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Birnie M, Claydon M, Troy O, Flynn B, Yoshimura M, Kershaw Y, Zhao Z, Demski-Allen R, Barker G, Warburton E, Bortolotto Z, Lightman S, Conway-Campbell B. Circadian regulation of hippocampal function is disrupted with corticosteroid treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211996120. [PMID: 37023133 PMCID: PMC10104554 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211996120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted circadian activity is associated with many neuropsychiatric disorders. A major coordinator of circadian biological systems is adrenal glucocorticoid secretion which exhibits a pronounced preawakening peak that regulates metabolic, immune, and cardiovascular processes, as well as mood and cognitive function. Loss of this circadian rhythm during corticosteroid therapy is often associated with memory impairment. Surprisingly, the mechanisms that underlie this deficit are not understood. In this study, in rats, we report that circadian regulation of the hippocampal transcriptome integrates crucial functional networks that link corticosteroid-inducible gene regulation to synaptic plasticity processes via an intrahippocampal circadian transcriptional clock. Further, these circadian hippocampal functions were significantly impacted by corticosteroid treatment delivered in a 5-d oral dosing treatment protocol. Rhythmic expression of the hippocampal transcriptome, as well as the circadian regulation of synaptic plasticity, was misaligned with the natural light/dark circadian-entraining cues, resulting in memory impairment in hippocampal-dependent behavior. These findings provide mechanistic insights into how the transcriptional clock machinery within the hippocampus is influenced by corticosteroid exposure, leading to adverse effects on critical hippocampal functions, as well as identifying a molecular basis for memory deficits in patients treated with long-acting synthetic corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Birnie
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D. B. Claydon
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Troy
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin P. Flynn
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoshimura
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne M. Kershaw
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Zidong Zhao
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C. R. Demski-Allen
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth R. I. Barker
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - E. Clea Warburton
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Zuner A. Bortolotto
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Stafford L. Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Becky L. Conway-Campbell
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
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Martín-Reyes F, Ho-Plagaro A, Rodríguez-Díaz C, Lopez-Gómez C, Garcia-Serrano S, de Los Reyes DR, Gonzalo M, Fernández-Garcia JC, Montiel-Casado C, Fernández-Aguilar JL, Fernández JR, García-Fuentes E, Rodríguez-Pacheco F. Oleic acid regulates the circadian rhythm of adipose tissue in obesity. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106579. [PMID: 36435269 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of oleic acid (OA) on the regulation of the circadian rhythm present in human visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue from patients with morbid obesity has not been analyzed yet. VAT and SAT explants from patients with morbid obesity were incubated with OA to analyze the circadian regulation of clock and other genes related to lipid metabolism (SREBP-1c, FAS, LPL and CPT1), and their association with baseline variables and the improvement of these patients after bariatric surgery. There were significant differences in amplitude and acrophase in VAT with respect to SAT. In VAT, body weight negatively correlated with BMAL1 and CRY1 amplitude, and REVERBα acrophase; body mass index (BMI) negatively correlated with REVERBα acrophase; and waist circumference negatively correlated with PER3 acrophase. In SAT, BMI negatively correlated with CLOCK amplitude, and CLOCK, REVERBα and CRY2 MESOR; and waist circumference negatively correlated with PER3 amplitude and acrophase. A greater short-term improvement of body weight, BMI and waist circumference in patients with morbid obesity after bariatric surgery was associated with a lower CRY1 and CRY2 amplitude and an earlier PER1 and PER3 acrophase in SAT. OA produced a more relevant circadian rhythm and increased the amplitude of most clock genes and lipid metabolism-related genes. OA regulated the acrophase of most clock genes in VAT and SAT, placing CLOCK/BMAL1 in antiphase with regard to the other genes. OA increased the circadian rhythmicity, although with slight differences between adipose tissues. These differences could determine its different behavior in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flores Martín-Reyes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ailec Ho-Plagaro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos Lopez-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sara Garcia-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
| | - Dámaris Rodriguez de Los Reyes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Montserrat Gonzalo
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose C Fernández-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Custodia Montiel-Casado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose L Fernández-Aguilar
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - José R Fernández
- Bioengeneering & Chronobiology Labs, atlanTTic Research Center, University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas-CIBEREHD, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
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6
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Lago-Sampedro A, Ho-Plagaro A, Garcia-Serrano S, Santiago-Fernandez C, Rodríguez-Díaz C, Lopez-Gómez C, Martín-Reyes F, Ruiz-Aldea G, Alcaín-Martínez G, Gonzalo M, Montiel-Casado C, Fernández JR, García-Fuentes E, Rodríguez-Pacheco F. Oleic acid restores the rhythmicity of the disrupted circadian rhythm found in gastrointestinal explants from patients with morbid obesity. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4324-4333. [PMID: 33531179 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We investigated whether oleic acid (OA), one of the main components of the Mediterranean diet, participates in the regulation of the intestinal circadian rhythm in patients with morbid obesity. METHODS Stomach and jejunum explants from patients with morbid obesity were incubated with oleic acid to analyze the regulation of clock genes. RESULTS Stomach explants showed an altered circadian rhythm in CLOCK, BMAL1, REVERBα, CRY1, and CRY2, and an absence in PER1, PER2, PER3 and ghrelin (p > 0.05). OA led to the emergence of rhythmicity in PER1, PER2, PER3 and ghrelin (p < 0.05). Jejunum explants showed an altered circadian rhythm in CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1 and PER3, and an absence in PER2, REVERBα, CRY1, CRY2 and GLP1 (p > 0.05). OA led to the emergence of rhythmicity in PER2, REVERBα, CRY1 and GLP1 (p < 0.05), but not in CRY2 (p > 0.05). OA restored the rhythmicity of acrophase and increased the amplitude for most of the genes studied in stomach and jejunum explants. OA placed PER1, PER2, PER3, REVERBα, CRY1 and CRY2 in antiphase with regard to CLOCK and BMAL1. CONCLUSIONS There is an alteration in circadian rhythm in stomach and jejunum explants in morbid obesity. OA restored the rhythmicity of the genes related with circadian rhythm, ghrelin and GLP1, although with slight differences between tissues, which could determine a different behaviour of the explants from jejunum and stomach in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lago-Sampedro
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ailec Ho-Plagaro
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sara Garcia-Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
| | - Concepción Santiago-Fernandez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos Lopez-Gómez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Flores Martín-Reyes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Ruiz-Aldea
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Alcaín-Martínez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Montserrat Gonzalo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Custodia Montiel-Casado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - José R Fernández
- Bioengineering & Chronobiology Labs, atlanTTic Research Center, University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
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7
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Vega N, Pinteur C, Buffelan G, Loizon E, Vidal H, Naville D, Le Magueresse-Battistoni B. Exposure to pollutants altered glucocorticoid signaling and clock gene expression in female mice. Evidence of tissue- and sex-specificity. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127841. [PMID: 32784060 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants suspected of disrupting the endocrine system are considered etiologic factors in the epidemic of metabolic disorders. As regulation of energy metabolism relies on the integrated action of a large number of hormones, we hypothesized that certain chemicals could trigger changes in glucocorticoid signaling. To this end, we exposed C57Bl6/J female and male mice between 5 and 20 weeks of age to a mixture of 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (20 pg/kg body weight/day [bw/d]), polychlorobiphenyl 153 (200 ng/kg bw/d), di-[2-ethylhexyl]-phthalate (500 μg/kg bw/d) and bisphenol A (40 μg/kg bw/d). In female mice fed a standard diet (ST), we observed a decrease in plasma levels of leptin as well as a reduced expression of corticoid receptors Nr3c1 and Nr3c2, of leptin and of various canonical genes related to the circadian clock machinery in visceral (VAT) but not subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue. However, Nr3c1 and Nr3c2 mRNA levels did not change in high-fat-fed females exposed to pollutants. In ST-fed males, pollutants caused the same decrease of Nr3c1 mRNA levels in VAT observed in ST-fed females but levels of Nr3c2 and other clock-related genes found to be down-regulated in female VAT were enhanced in male SAT and not affected in male VAT. The expression of corticoid receptors was not affected in the livers of both sexes in response to pollutants. In summary, exposure to a mixture of pollutants at doses lower than the no-observed adverse effect levels (NoAELs) resulted in sex-dependent glucocorticoid signaling disturbances and clock-related gene expression modifications in the adipose tissue of ST-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Vega
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAé U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, F-69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Claudie Pinteur
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAé U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, F-69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Gaël Buffelan
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAé U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, F-69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAé U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, F-69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAé U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, F-69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Danielle Naville
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAé U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, F-69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
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Negri M, Pivonello C, Simeoli C, Di Gennaro G, Venneri MA, Sciarra F, Ferrigno R, de Angelis C, Sbardella E, De Martino MC, Colao A, Isidori AM, Pivonello R. Cortisol Circadian Rhythm and Insulin Resistance in Muscle: Effect of Dosing and Timing of Hydrocortisone Exposure on Insulin Sensitivity in Synchronized Muscle Cells. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:1005-1028. [PMID: 33130679 DOI: 10.1159/000512685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIM Circadian clock disruption is emerging as a risk factor for metabolic disorders, and particularly, alterations in clock genes circadian expression have been shown to influence insulin sensitivity. Recently, the reciprocal interplay between the circadian clock machinery and hypothal-amus-pituitary-adrenal axis has been largely demonstrated: the circadian clock may control the physiological circadian endogenous glucocorticoid (GC) secretion and action; GCs, in turn, are potent regulators of the circadian clock and their inappropriate replacement has been associated with metabolic impairment. The aim of the current study was to investigate in vitro the interaction between the timing-of-the-day exposure to different hydrocortisone (HC) concentrations and muscle insulin sensitivity. METHODS Serum-shock synchronized mouse skeletal muscle C2C12 cells were exposed to different HC concentrations resembling the circulating daily physiological cortisol profile (standard cortisol profile) and the circulating daily cortisol profile that reached in adrenal insufficient (AI) patients treated with once-daily modified-release HC (flat cortisol profile) and treated with thrice-daily conventional immediate-release HC (steep cortisol profile). The 24 h spontaneous oscillation of the clock genes in synchronized C2C12 cells was used to align the timing for in vitro HC exposure (Bmal1 acrophase, midphase, and bathyphase) with the reference times of cortisol peaks in AI patients treated with IR-HC (8 a.m., 1 p.m., and 6 p.m.). A panel of 84 insulin sensitivity-related genes and intracellular insulin signaling proteins were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS The steep profile, characterized by a higher HC exposure during Bmal1bathyphase, produced significant downregulation in 21 insulin sensitivity-related genes including Insr, Irs1, Irs2, Pi3kca, and Adipor2, compared to the flat and standard profile. Reduced intracellular IRS1 Tyr608, AKT Ser473, AMPK Thr172, and ACC Ser79 phosphorylations were also observed. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that late-in-the-day cortisol exposure modulates insulin sensitivity-related gene expression and intracellular insulin signaling in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Negri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Simeoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Di Gennaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario Ferrigno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina de Angelis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Sbardella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina De Martino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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9
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Yu T, Zhou W, Wu S, Liu Q, Li X. Evidence for disruption of diurnal salivary cortisol rhythm in childhood obesity: relationships with anthropometry, puberty and physical activity. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:381. [PMID: 32782001 PMCID: PMC7422565 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of diurnal cortisol rhythm in childhood obesity and its relationships with anthropometry, pubertal stage and physical activity. Methods Thirty-five children with obesity (median age: 11.80[interquartile range 10.30, 13.30] and median BMI z-score: 3.21[interquartile range 2.69, 3.71]) and 22 children with normal weight (median age: 10.85[interquartile range 8.98, 12.13] and median BMI z-score: − 0.27[interquartile range − 0.88, 0.35]) were recruited. Saliva samples were collected at 08:00, 16:00 and 23:00 h. Cortisol concentrations at 3 time points, corresponding areas under the curve (AUCs) and diurnal cortisol slope (DCS) were compared between the two groups. Anthropometric measures and pubertal stage were evaluated, and behavioural information was obtained via questionnaires. Results Children with obesity displayed significantly lower cortisol08:00 (median [interquartile range]: 5.79[3.42,7.73] vs. 8.44[5.56,9.59] nmol/L, P = 0.030) and higher cortisol23:00 (median [interquartile range]: 1.10[0.48,1.46] vs. 0.40[0.21,0.61] nmol/L, P < 0.001) with a flatter DCS (median [interquartile range]: − 0.29[− 0.49, 0.14] vs. -0.52[− 0.63, 0.34] nmol/L/h, P = 0.006) than their normal weight counterparts. The AUC increased with pubertal development (AUC08:00–16:00:P = 0.008; AUC08:00–23:00: P = 0.005). Furthermore, cortisol08:00 was inversely associated with BMI z-score (β = − 0.247, P = 0.036) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (β = − 0.295, P = 0.027). Cortisol23:00 was positively associated with BMI z-score (β = 0.490, P<0.001), WHtR (β = 0.485, P<0.001) and fat mass percentage (FM%) (β = 0.464, P<0.001). Absolute values of DCS were inversely associated with BMI z-score (β = − 0.350, P = 0.009), WHtR (β = − 0.384, P = 0.004) and FM% (β = − 0.322, P = 0.019). In multivariate analyses adjusted for pubertal stage and BMI z-score, Cortisol08:00, AUC08:00–16:00 and absolute values of DCS were inversely associated with the relative time spent in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (P < 0.05). AUC16:00–23:00 was positively associated with relative non-screen sedentary time and negatively associated with sleep (P < 0.05). Conclusions The disorder of diurnal salivary cortisol rhythm is associated with childhood obesity, which is also influenced by puberty development and physical activity. Thus, stabilizing circadian cortisol rhythms may be an important approach for childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Su Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qianqi Liu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China. .,Institute of Pediatric Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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10
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Contreras-Correa ZE, Lemire RL, Burnett DD, Lemley CO. Temporal transcript abundance of clock genes, angiogenic factors and nutrient sensing genes in bovine placental explants. Theriogenology 2020; 151:74-80. [PMID: 32311603 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown expression of clock genes in peripheral tissue explants, targeting multiple pathways leading to the entrainment of circadian rhythms. Temporal variations are not solely regulated by photoperiod, but factors such as maternal feed availability can entrain fetal circadian clock. Currently, a paucity of information exists for clock gene expression and short-term temporal transcript abundance in the bovine placenta, which is essential for proper offspring development. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of early to mid-gestational nutrient restriction on clock genes, angiogenic factors, and nutrient sensing genes mRNA transcript abundance in placental explants during a 24 h period. Placentomes from adequately fed and nutrient restricted heifers were collected via Cesarean section at day 180 of gestation; separated into caruncular and cotyledonary tissue and placed in culture media for a 24 h period. The mRNA transcript abundance of clock genes (ARNTL, CRY1, and PER2), angiogenic factors (HIF1A and VEGFA), and nutrient sensing genes (NAMPT and NR3C1) was determined every 4 h. Clock genes were expressed in caruncular and cotyledonary explant tissue. The caruncular explant transcript abundance of the clock genes was not influenced by time (P > 0.05); while ARNTL abundance decreased over time in the cotyledon explant (P < 0.05). A main effect of time was observed for HIF1A, VEGFA, and NR3C1 in the caruncular tissue (P < 0.05). Although, angiogenic factors and nutrient sensing genes in cotyledonary tissue displayed evident temporal variation in transcript abundance (P < 0.05). Nutrient restriction did not alter (P > 0.15) mRNA transcript abundance of clock genes, angiogenic factors, or nutrient sensing genes in either caruncular or cotyledonary tissue. Interestingly, these data may indicate limited transmission and synchronization of maternal and fetal temporal variations in transcript abundance. These findings demonstrate that multiple timepoint collections are needed in future studies due to the innate existence of temporal oscillations observed in the bovine placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zully E Contreras-Correa
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States.
| | - Racheal L Lemire
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States.
| | - Derris D Burnett
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States.
| | - Caleb O Lemley
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States.
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11
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White JM, Piron MJ, Rangaraj VR, Hanlon EC, Cohen RN, Brady MJ. Reference Gene Optimization for Circadian Gene Expression Analysis in Human Adipose Tissue. J Biol Rhythms 2020; 35:84-97. [PMID: 31668115 PMCID: PMC7409766 DOI: 10.1177/0748730419883043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of biology is the cyclical nature of organismal physiology driven by networks of biological, including circadian, rhythms. Unsurprisingly, disruptions of the circadian rhythms through sleep curtailment or shift work have been connected through numerous studies to positive associations with obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) measures oscillation in messenger RNA expression, an essential foundation for the study of the physiological circadian regulatory network. Primarily, measured oscillations have involved the use of reference gene normalization. However, the validation and identification of suitable reference genes is a significant challenge across different biological systems. This study focuses on adipose tissue of premenopausal, otherwise healthy, morbidly obese women voluntarily enrolled after being scheduled for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy surgery. Acquisition of tissue was accomplished by aspiratory needle biopsies of subcutaneous adipose tissue 1 to 2 weeks prior to surgery and 12 to 13 weeks following surgery and an in-surgery scalpel-assisted excision of mesenteric adipose tissue. Each biopsy was sterile cultured ex vivo and serially collected every 4 h over approximately 36 h. The candidate reference genes that were tested were 18S rRNA, GAPDH, HPRT1, RPII, RPL13α, and YWHAZ. Three analytic tools were used to test suitability, and the candidate reference genes were used to measure oscillation in expression of a known circadian clock element (Dbp). No gene was deemed suitable as an individual reference gene control, which indicated that the optimal reference gene set was the geometrically averaged 3-gene panel composed of YWHAZ, RPL13α, and GAPDH. These methods can be employed to identify optimal reference genes in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. White
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
| | - Matthew J. Piron
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
| | - Vittobai R. Rangaraj
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
| | - Erin C. Hanlon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
| | - Ronald N. Cohen
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
| | - Matthew J. Brady
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
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12
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Camello-Almaraz C, Martin-Cano FE, Santos FJ, Espin MT, Antonio Madrid J, Pozo MJ, Camello PJ. Age-Induced Differential Changes in the Central and Colonic Human Circadian Oscillators. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020674. [PMID: 31968581 PMCID: PMC7013976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging modifies not only multiple cellular and homeostatic systems, but also biological rhythms. The circadian system is driven by a central hypothalamic oscillator which entrains peripheral oscillators, in both cases underlain by circadian genes. Our aim was to characterize the effect of aging in the circadian expression of clock genes in the human colon. Ambulatory recordings of the circadian rhythms of skin wrist temperature, motor activity and the integrated variable TAP (temperature, activity and position) were dampened by aging, especially beyond 74 years of age. On the contrary, quantitative analysis of genes expression in the muscle layer of colonic explants during 24 h revealed that the circadian expression of Bmal1, Per1 and Clock genes, was larger beyond that age. In vitro experiments showed that aging induced a parallel increase in the myogenic contractility of the circular colonic muscle. This effect was not accompanied by enhancement of Ca2+ signals. In conclusion, we describe here for the first time the presence of a molecular oscillator in the human colon. Aging has a differential effect on the systemic circadian rhythms, that are impaired by aging, and the colonic oscillator, that is strengthened in parallel with the myogenic contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Camello-Almaraz
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Campus Universitario, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (C.C.-A.); (F.E.M.-C.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Francisco E. Martin-Cano
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Campus Universitario, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (C.C.-A.); (F.E.M.-C.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Francisco J. Santos
- Surgery Department, University Hospital, Servicio Extremeño de Salud, Avda Universidad, 10004 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Mª Teresa Espin
- Faculty of Medicine, Infanta Cristina University Hospital, Servicio Extremeño de Salud, Avda Elbas, 06080 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Maria J. Pozo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Campus Universitario, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (C.C.-A.); (F.E.M.-C.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Pedro J. Camello
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Campus Universitario, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (C.C.-A.); (F.E.M.-C.); (M.J.P.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Gnocchi D, Custodero C, Sabbà C, Mazzocca A. Circadian rhythms: a possible new player in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathophysiology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:741-759. [PMID: 30953079 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, a better knowledge of the molecular machinery supervising the regulation of circadian clocks has been achieved, and numerous findings have helped in unravelling the outstanding significance of the molecular clock for the proper regulation of our physiologic and metabolic homeostasis. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently considered as one of the emerging liver pathologies in the Western countries due to the modification of eating habits and lifestyle. Although NAFLD is considered a pretty benign condition, it can progress towards non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenic mechanisms involved in NAFLD development are complex, since this disease is a multifactorial condition. Major metabolic deregulations along with a genetic background are believed to take part in this process. In this light, the aim of this review is to give a comprehensive description of how our circadian machinery is regulated and to describe to what extent our internal clock is involved in the regulation of hormonal and metabolic homeostasis, and by extension in the development and progression of NAFLD/NASH and eventually in the onset of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gnocchi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Custodero
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Mazzocca
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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14
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Agorastos A, Nicolaides NC, Bozikas VP, Chrousos GP, Pervanidou P. Multilevel Interactions of Stress and Circadian System: Implications for Traumatic Stress. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:1003. [PMID: 32047446 PMCID: PMC6997541 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dramatic fluctuations in energy demands by the rhythmic succession of night and day on our planet has prompted a geophysical evolutionary need for biological temporal organization across phylogeny. The intrinsic circadian timing system (CS) represents a highly conserved and sophisticated internal "clock," adjusted to the 24-h rotation period of the earth, enabling a nyctohemeral coordination of numerous physiologic processes, from gene expression to behavior. The human CS is tightly and bidirectionally interconnected to the stress system (SS). Both systems are fundamental for survival and regulate each other's activity in order to prepare the organism for the anticipated cyclic challenges. Thereby, the understanding of the temporal relationship between stressors and stress responses is critical for the comprehension of the molecular basis of physiology and pathogenesis of disease. A critical loss of the harmonious timed order at different organizational levels may affect the fundamental properties of neuroendocrine, immune, and autonomic systems, leading to a breakdown of biobehavioral adaptative mechanisms with increased stress sensitivity and vulnerability. In this review, following an overview of the functional components of the SS and CS, we present their multilevel interactions and discuss how traumatic stress can alter the interplay between the two systems. Circadian dysregulation after traumatic stress exposure may represent a core feature of trauma-related disorders mediating enduring neurobiological correlates of trauma through maladaptive stress regulation. Understanding the mechanisms susceptible to circadian dysregulation and their role in stress-related disorders could provide new insights into disease mechanisms, advancing psychochronobiological treatment possibilities and preventive strategies in stress-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agorastos Agorastos
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nicolas C Nicolaides
- First Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios P Bozikas
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Unit of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Unit of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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15
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Kolbe I, Carrasco-Benso MP, López-Mínguez J, Luján J, Scheer FAJL, Oster H, Garaulet M. Circadian period of luciferase expression shortens with age in human mature adipocytes from obese patients. FASEB J 2019; 33:175-180. [PMID: 29965796 PMCID: PMC6355068 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800441r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Daily rhythms in physiology and behavior change with age. An unresolved question is to what extent such age-related alterations in circadian organization are driven by the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), modifying timing signals to contributing peripheral tissue oscillators, and are mediated by underlying changes in the local cellular oscillators themselves. Using a bioluminescence reporter approach, we sought to determine whether circadian clock function in human adipocytes from subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissues changes with age. SAT and VAT biopsies were obtained from obese individuals during gastric bypass surgeries [ n = 16; body mass index: 44.8 ± 11.4 kg/m2; age: 44 ± 9 yr (range: 30-58)]. Cells were isolated and transduced with a lentiviral circadian reporter construct [brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like:luciferase ( BMAL:LUC)], and bioluminescence was recorded over a period of 3 d. Human BMAL1:LUC adipocytes displayed a robust luminescence rhythm with comparable within-individual periods in mature and preadipocytes ( P > 0.05). With increasing age, the circadian period decreased in mature adipocytes ( P = 0.005) (β = 4 min/yr; P < 0.05). Our ex vivo approach indicated that ageing changes the organization of endogenous circadian oscillators in human adipocytes, independent of SCN signaling.-Kolbe, I., Carrasco-Benso, M. P., López-Mínguez, J., Luján, J., Scheer, F. A. J. L., Oster, H., Garaulet, M. Circadian period of luciferase expression shortens with age in human mature adipocytes from obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Kolbe
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - María Paz Carrasco-Benso
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús López-Mínguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Luján
- General Surgery Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; and
| | - Frank A. J. L. Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute, Murcia, Spain
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16
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Koritala BSC, Çakmaklı S. The human circadian clock from health to economics. Psych J 2018; 7:176-196. [DOI: 10.1002/pchj.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bala S. C. Koritala
- Department of Biology; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Camden New Jersey USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Camden New Jersey USA
| | - Selim Çakmaklı
- Department of Economics; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Camden New Jersey USA
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17
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Meneses-Santos D, Buonfiglio DDC, Peliciari-Garcia RA, Ramos-Lobo AM, Souza DDN, Carpinelli AR, Carvalho CRDO, Sertie RAL, Andreotti S, Lima FB, Afeche SC, Fioretto ET, Cipolla-Neto J, Marçal AC. Chronic treatment with dexamethasone alters clock gene expression and melatonin synthesis in rat pineal gland at night. Nat Sci Sleep 2018; 10:203-215. [PMID: 30046256 PMCID: PMC6054274 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s158602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone that regulates many functions involving energy metabolism and behavior in mammals throughout the light/dark cycle. It is considered an output signal of the central circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Melatonin synthesis can be influenced by other hormones, such as insulin and glucocorticoids in pathological conditions or during stress. Furthermore, glucocorticoids appear to modulate circadian clock genes in peripheral tissues and are associated with the onset of metabolic diseases. In the pineal gland, the modulation of melatonin synthesis by clock genes has already been demonstrated. However, few studies have shown the effects of glucocorticoids on clock genes expression in the pineal gland. RESULTS We verified that rats treated with dexamethasone (2 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal) for 10 consecutive days, showed hyperglycemia and pronounced hyperinsulinemia during the dark phase. Insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, melatonin synthesis, and enzymatic activity of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, the key enzyme of melatonin synthesis, were reduced. Furthermore, we observed an increase in the expression of Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Cry1, and Cry2 in pineal glands of rats treated with dexamethasone. CONCLUSION These results show that chronic treatment with dexamethasone can modulate both melatonin synthesis and circadian clock expression during the dark phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Meneses-Santos
- Department of Morphology, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil,
| | - Daniella do Carmo Buonfiglio
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Angela Maria Ramos-Lobo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Divanízia do Nascimento Souza
- Department of Morphology, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil,
| | - Angelo Rafael Carpinelli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sandra Andreotti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Bessa Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Ticona Fioretto
- Department of Morphology, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil,
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Carlos Marçal
- Department of Morphology, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil,
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18
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Zhu Z, Xu L, Cai T, Yuan G, Sun N, Lu C, Qian R. Clock represses preadipocytes adipogenesis via GILZ. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6028-6040. [PMID: 29278648 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adiposity is a worldwide health threat that needs to be prevented. Circadian gene Clock (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) is closely correlated to adiposity; for example, weight gain, adipocytes size expansion, and serum lipid level rise in ClockΔ19 mice compared to C57BL/6J mice. However, the precise role of Clock during adipogenic differentiation is unknown. Herein, the circadian gene Clock is shown to regulate adipogenesis mediated by GILZ. Clock-mediated attenuation and upregulation influenced lipid synthesis and affected the levels of adipogenic transcriptional factors, C/EBP-β, C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, and FABP4, both in vivo and in vitro (primary adipose-derived stromal cells and 3T3-L1 cells). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, reporter gene assay, and serum shock assay found that Clock transcriptionally regulated the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ). Furthermore, GILZ attenuation could relieve the inhibitory effect of Clock on lipid synthesis and GILZ overexpression also reduced the promotion role of Clock attenuation in adipogenesis suggesting that Clock inhibits adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes via GILZ. The current results demonstrate how circadian genes are likely to regulate adiposity, affecting the adipogenic differentiation process, as well as, increasing the fat cells number. Therefore, this study may provide novel insights into the underlying mechanism explaining the correlation between Clock mutation and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lirong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Cai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gongsheng Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhe Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Shift-work: is time of eating determining metabolic health? Evidence from animal models. Proc Nutr Soc 2018; 77:199-215. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665117004128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The circadian disruption in shift-workers is suggested to be a risk factor to develop overweight and metabolic dysfunction. The conflicting time signals given by shifted activity, shifted food intake and exposure to light at night occurring in the shift-worker are proposed to be the cause for the loss of internal synchrony and the consequent adverse effects on body weight and metabolism. Because food elicited signals have proven to be potent entraining signals for peripheral oscillations, here we review the findings from experimental models of shift-work and verify whether they provide evidence about the causal association between shifted feeding schedules, circadian disruption and altered metabolism. We found mainly four experimental models that mimic the conditions of shift-work: protocols of forced sleep deprivation, of forced activity during the normal rest phase, exposure to light at night and shifted food timing. A big variability in the intensity and duration of the protocols was observed, which led to a diversity of effects. A common result was the disruption of temporal patterns of activity; however, not all studies explored the temporal patterns of food intake. According to studies that evaluate time of food intake as an experimental model of shift-work and studies that evaluate shifted food consumption, time of food intake may be a determining factor for the loss of balance at the circadian and metabolic level.
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20
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Gnocchi D, Bruscalupi G. Circadian Rhythms and Hormonal Homeostasis: Pathophysiological Implications. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010010. [PMID: 28165421 PMCID: PMC5372003 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over recent years, a deeper comprehension of the molecular mechanisms that control biological clocks and circadian rhythms has been achieved. In fact, many studies have contributed to unravelling the importance of the molecular clock for the regulation of our physiology, including hormonal and metabolic homeostasis. Here we will review the structure, organisation and molecular machinery that make our circadian clock work, and its relevance for the proper functioning of physiological processes. We will also describe the interconnections between circadian rhythms and endocrine homeostasis, as well as the underlying consequences that circadian dysregulations might have in the development of several pathologic affections. Finally, we will discuss how a better knowledge of such relationships might prove helpful in designing new therapeutic approaches for endocrine and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gnocchi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 14186, Sweden.
| | - Giovannella Bruscalupi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
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21
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Oster H, Challet E, Ott V, Arvat E, de Kloet ER, Dijk DJ, Lightman S, Vgontzas A, Van Cauter E. The Functional and Clinical Significance of the 24-Hour Rhythm of Circulating Glucocorticoids. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:3-45. [PMID: 27749086 PMCID: PMC5563520 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal glucocorticoids are major modulators of multiple functions, including energy metabolism, stress responses, immunity, and cognition. The endogenous secretion of glucocorticoids is normally characterized by a prominent and robust circadian (around 24 hours) oscillation, with a daily peak around the time of the habitual sleep-wake transition and minimal levels in the evening and early part of the night. It has long been recognized that this 24-hour rhythm partly reflects the activity of a master circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. In the past decade, secondary circadian clocks based on the same molecular machinery as the central master pacemaker were found in other brain areas as well as in most peripheral tissues, including the adrenal glands. Evidence is rapidly accumulating to indicate that misalignment between central and peripheral clocks has a host of adverse effects. The robust rhythm in circulating glucocorticoid levels has been recognized as a major internal synchronizer of the circadian system. The present review examines the scientific foundation of these novel advances and their implications for health and disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Oster
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Etienne Challet
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Volker Ott
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Emanuela Arvat
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - E Ronald de Kloet
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Alexandros Vgontzas
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Eve Van Cauter
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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22
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Packard AEB, Egan AE, Ulrich-Lai YM. HPA Axis Interactions with Behavioral Systems. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1897-1934. [PMID: 27783863 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Perhaps the most salient behaviors that individuals engage in involve the avoidance of aversive experiences and the pursuit of pleasurable experiences. Engagement in these behaviors is regulated to a significant extent by an individual's hormonal milieu. For example, glucocorticoid hormones are produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, and influence most aspects of behavior. In turn, many behaviors can influence HPA axis activity. These bidirectional interactions not only coordinate an individual's physiological and behavioral states to each other, but can also tune them to environmental conditions thereby optimizing survival. The present review details the influence of the HPA axis on many types of behavior, including appetitively-motivated behaviors (e.g., food intake and drug use), aversively-motivated behaviors (e.g., anxiety-related and depressive-like) and cognitive behaviors (e.g., learning and memory). Conversely, the manuscript also describes how engaging in various behaviors influences HPA axis activity. Our current understanding of the neuronal and/or hormonal mechanisms that underlie these interactions is also summarized. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1897-1934, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E B Packard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ann E Egan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yvonne M Ulrich-Lai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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23
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Samblas M, Milagro FI, Gómez-Abellán P, Martínez JA, Garaulet M. Methylation on the Circadian Gene BMAL1 Is Associated with the Effects of a Weight Loss Intervention on Serum Lipid Levels. J Biol Rhythms 2016; 31:308-17. [PMID: 26873744 DOI: 10.1177/0748730416629247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock system has been linked to the onset and development of obesity and some accompanying comorbidities. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, are putatively involved in the regulation of the circadian clock system. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a weight loss intervention based on an energy-controlled Mediterranean dietary pattern in the methylation levels of 3 clock genes, BMAL1, CLOCK, and NR1D1, and the association between the methylation levels and changes induced in the serum lipid profile with the weight loss treatment. The study sample enrolled 61 women (body mass index = 28.6 ± 3.4 kg/m(2); age: 42.2 ± 11.4 years), who followed a nutritional program based on a Mediterranean dietary pattern. DNA was isolated from whole blood obtained at the beginning and end point. Methylation levels at different CpG sites of BMAL1, CLOCK, and NR1D1 were analyzed by Sequenom's MassArray. The energy-restricted intervention modified the methylation levels of different CpG sites in BMAL1 (CpGs 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, and 18) and NR1D1 (CpGs 1, 10, 17, 18, 19, and 22). Changes in cytosine methylation in the CpG 5 to 9 region of BMAL1 with the intervention positively correlated with the eveningness profile (p = 0.019). The baseline methylation of the CpG 5 to 9 region in BMAL1 positively correlated with energy (p = 0.047) and carbohydrate (p = 0.017) intake and negatively correlated with the effect of the weight loss intervention on total cholesterol (p = 0.032) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.005). Similar significant and positive correlations were found between changes in methylation levels in the CpG 5 to 9 region of BMAL1 due to the intervention and changes in serum lipids (p < 0.05). This research describes apparently for the first time an association between changes in the methylation of the BMAL1 gene with the intervention and the effects of a weight loss intervention on blood lipids levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Samblas
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermin I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain IdiSNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
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24
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Soták M, Bryndová J, Ergang P, Vagnerová K, Kvapilová P, Vodička M, Pácha J, Sumová A. Peripheral circadian clocks are diversely affected by adrenalectomy. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:520-9. [PMID: 27031999 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2016.1161643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are considered to synchronize the rhythmicity of clock genes in peripheral tissues; however, the role of circadian variations of endogenous glucocorticoids is not well defined. In the present study, we examined whether peripheral circadian clocks were impaired by adrenalectomy. To achieve this, we tested the circadian rhythmicity of core clock genes (Bmal1, Per1-3, Cry1, RevErbα, Rora), clock-output genes (Dbp, E4bp4) and a glucocorticoid- and clock-controlled gene (Gilz) in liver, jejunum, kidney cortex, splenocytes and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Adrenalectomy did not affect the phase of clock gene rhythms but distinctly modulated clock gene mRNA levels, and this effect was partially tissue-dependent. Adrenalectomy had a significant inhibitory effect on the level of Per1 mRNA in VAT, liver and jejunum, but not in kidney and splenocytes. Similarly, adrenalectomy down-regulated mRNA levels of Per2 in splenocytes and VAT, Per3 in jejunum, RevErbα in VAT and Dbp in VAT, kidney and splenocytes, whereas the mRNA amounts of Per1 and Per2 in kidney and Per3 in VAT and splenocytes were up-regulated. On the other hand, adrenalectomy had minimal effects on Rora and E4bp4 mRNAs. Adrenalectomy also resulted in decreased level of Gilz mRNA but did not alter the phase of its diurnal rhythm. Collectively, these findings suggest that adrenalectomy alters the mRNA levels of core clock genes and clock-output genes in peripheral organs and may cause tissue-specific modulations of their circadian profiles, which are reflected in changes of the amplitudes but not phases. Thus, the circulating corticosteroids are necessary for maintaining the high-amplitude rhythmicity of the peripheral clocks in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soták
- a Department of Epithelial Physiology
| | | | - P Ergang
- a Department of Epithelial Physiology
| | | | | | - M Vodička
- a Department of Epithelial Physiology
| | - J Pácha
- a Department of Epithelial Physiology
| | - A Sumová
- b Department of Neurohumoral Regulations , Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
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25
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Briançon-Marjollet A, Weiszenstein M, Henri M, Thomas A, Godin-Ribuot D, Polak J. The impact of sleep disorders on glucose metabolism: endocrine and molecular mechanisms. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015. [PMID: 25834642 DOI: 10.1186/s13098- 015-0018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyle has profoundly modified human sleep habits. Sleep duration has shortened over recent decades from 8 to 6.5 hours resulting in chronic sleep deprivation. Additionally, irregular sleep, shift work and travelling across time zones lead to disruption of circadian rhythms and asynchrony between the master hypothalamic clock and pacemakers in peripheral tissues. Furthermore, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), which affects 4 - 15% of the population, is not only characterized by impaired sleep architecture but also by repetitive hemoglobin desaturations during sleep. Epidemiological studies have identified impaired sleep as an independent risk factor for all cause of-, as well as for cardiovascular, mortality/morbidity. More recently, sleep abnormalities were causally linked to impairments in glucose homeostasis, metabolic syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This review summarized current knowledge on the metabolic alterations associated with the most prevalent sleep disturbances, i.e. short sleep duration, shift work and OSA. We have focused on various endocrine and molecular mechanisms underlying the associations between inadequate sleep quality, quantity and timing with impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Of these mechanisms, the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, circadian pacemakers in peripheral tissues, adipose tissue metabolism, sympathetic nervous system activation, oxidative stress and whole-body inflammation are discussed. Additionally, the impact of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation (key components of OSA) on intracellular signaling and metabolism in muscle, liver, fat and pancreas are also examined. In summary, this review provides endocrine and molecular explanations for the associations between common sleep disturbances and the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Briançon-Marjollet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France.,INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Martin Weiszenstein
- Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marion Henri
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France.,INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Amandine Thomas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France.,INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Diane Godin-Ribuot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France.,INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Jan Polak
- Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,2nd Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic.,Sports Medicine Department, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruska 87, Praha 10, 100 00 Czech Republic
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26
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Briançon-Marjollet A, Weiszenstein M, Henri M, Thomas A, Godin-Ribuot D, Polak J. The impact of sleep disorders on glucose metabolism: endocrine and molecular mechanisms. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:25. [PMID: 25834642 PMCID: PMC4381534 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyle has profoundly modified human sleep habits. Sleep duration has shortened over recent decades from 8 to 6.5 hours resulting in chronic sleep deprivation. Additionally, irregular sleep, shift work and travelling across time zones lead to disruption of circadian rhythms and asynchrony between the master hypothalamic clock and pacemakers in peripheral tissues. Furthermore, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), which affects 4 - 15% of the population, is not only characterized by impaired sleep architecture but also by repetitive hemoglobin desaturations during sleep. Epidemiological studies have identified impaired sleep as an independent risk factor for all cause of-, as well as for cardiovascular, mortality/morbidity. More recently, sleep abnormalities were causally linked to impairments in glucose homeostasis, metabolic syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This review summarized current knowledge on the metabolic alterations associated with the most prevalent sleep disturbances, i.e. short sleep duration, shift work and OSA. We have focused on various endocrine and molecular mechanisms underlying the associations between inadequate sleep quality, quantity and timing with impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Of these mechanisms, the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, circadian pacemakers in peripheral tissues, adipose tissue metabolism, sympathetic nervous system activation, oxidative stress and whole-body inflammation are discussed. Additionally, the impact of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation (key components of OSA) on intracellular signaling and metabolism in muscle, liver, fat and pancreas are also examined. In summary, this review provides endocrine and molecular explanations for the associations between common sleep disturbances and the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Briançon-Marjollet
- />Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
- />INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Martin Weiszenstein
- />Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marion Henri
- />Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
- />INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Amandine Thomas
- />Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
- />INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Diane Godin-Ribuot
- />Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
- />INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Jan Polak
- />Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- />2nd Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
- />Sports Medicine Department, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruska 87, Praha 10, 100 00 Czech Republic
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Kolbe I, Dumbell R, Oster H. Circadian Clocks and the Interaction between Stress Axis and Adipose Function. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:693204. [PMID: 26000016 PMCID: PMC4426660 DOI: 10.1155/2015/693204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Many physiological processes and most endocrine functions show fluctuations over the course of the day. These so-called circadian rhythms are governed by an endogenous network of cellular clocks and serve as an adaptation to daily and, thus, predictable changes in the organism's environment. Circadian clocks have been described in several tissues of the stress axis and in adipose cells where they regulate the rhythmic and stimulated release of stress hormones, such as glucocorticoids, and various adipokine factors. Recent work suggests that both adipose and stress axis clock systems reciprocally influence each other and adrenal-adipose rhythms may be key players in the development and therapy of metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of adrenal and adipose tissue rhythms and clocks and how they might interact to regulate energy homoeostasis and stress responses under physiological conditions. Potential chronotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of metabolic and stress disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Kolbe
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rebecca Dumbell
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- *Henrik Oster:
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Joseph D, Chong NW, Shanks ME, Rosato E, Taub NA, Petersen SA, Symonds ME, Whitehouse WP, Wailoo M. Getting rhythm: how do babies do it? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2015; 100:F50-4. [PMID: 25245173 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-306104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the emergence of biological rhythms in the first months of life in human infants, by measuring age-related changes in core body temperature during night-time sleep, hormones (cortisol and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin) and the expression of a clock-controlled gene H3f3b in oral epithelial cells. DESIGN Observational longitudinal study. SETTING We measured overnight core body temperature, actigraphy, day-night urinary cortisol and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, as well as circadian gene expression, in infants at home from March 2007 to July 2008 in Leicester. PARTICIPANTS We recruited 35 healthy Caucasian infants who were born at term. They were monitored from 6 to 18 weeks of age. RESULTS At 8 weeks of age the day-night rhythm of cortisol secretion was the first to appear followed by 6-sulfatoxymelatonin 1 week later; at the same time that night-time sleep was established. At 10 weeks, the maximum fall in deep body temperature occurred with the onset of night-time sleep, followed at 11 weeks by the rhythmical expression of the H3f3b gene. CONCLUSIONS In human infants, there is a clear sequential pattern for the emergence of diurnal biological rhythms between 6 and 18 weeks of postnatal age, led by the secretion of cortisol and linked with the establishment of consolidated night-time sleep. It is likely that this represents part of a maturation and adaption process as infants gain equilibrium with their external environment after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desaline Joseph
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nelson W Chong
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK Health and Human Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Morag E Shanks
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK Nuffield lab of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ezio Rosato
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nick A Taub
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Stewart A Petersen
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - William P Whitehouse
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael Wailoo
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Yoshino J, Almeda-Valdes P, Patterson BW, Okunade AL, Imai SI, Mittendorfer B, Klein S. Diurnal variation in insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism is associated with diurnal variations in whole-body and cellular fatty acid metabolism in metabolically normal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1666-70. [PMID: 24878055 PMCID: PMC4154096 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The mechanism(s) responsible for diurnal variations in insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism in healthy people are unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate whether diurnal variations in whole-body and cellular fatty acid metabolism could contribute to evening insulin resistance in metabolically normal people. SUBJECTS AND DESIGN We measured plasma the free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, palmitate kinetics, and skeletal muscle expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism at breakfast (7:00 am) and dinner (7:00 pm) in 13 overweight (body mass index 27.8 ± 1.2 kg/m(2)) but metabolically normal, women. RESULTS Plasma FFA concentration was approximately 30% greater just before consuming dinner than breakfast (P < .05) and remained greater after dinner than breakfast (FFA areas under the curve: 0.88 ± 0.33 and 0.51 ± 0.09 μmol/mL × 4 h, P = .001). However, adipose tissue lipolytic activity was not different in the evening and in the morning. Skeletal muscle expression of genes that regulate fatty acid oxidation were 38-82% lower, whereas genes involved in de novo lipogenesis were 51%-87 % higher before dinner than before breakfast (all P < .05), and these changes were associated with diurnal variation in the muscle expression of core clock genes that regulate fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSION Metabolically normal women demonstrate diurnal variations in fatty acid metabolism, manifested by an increase in circulating FFAs, presumably derived from previous meal consumption rather than lipolysis of adipose tissue triglycerides, and a shift in muscle fatty acid metabolism from oxidation to lipogenesis. These metabolic alterations could be responsible for the known evening decline in insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine (J.Y., P.A.-V., B.W.P., A.L.O., S.I., B.M., S.K.) and Department of Developmental Biology (S.I.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110
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Varcoe TJ, Gatford KL, Voultsios A, Salkeld MD, Boden MJ, Rattanatray L, Kennaway DJ. Rapidly alternating photoperiods disrupt central and peripheral rhythmicity and decrease plasma glucose, but do not affect glucose tolerance or insulin secretion in sheep. Exp Physiol 2014; 99:1214-28. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.080630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara J. Varcoe
- Robinson Research Institute; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Kathryn L. Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Athena Voultsios
- Robinson Research Institute; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Mark D. Salkeld
- Robinson Research Institute; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Michael J. Boden
- Robinson Research Institute; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Leewen Rattanatray
- Robinson Research Institute; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - David J. Kennaway
- Robinson Research Institute; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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Becquet D, Boyer B, Rasolonjanahary R, Brue T, Guillen S, Moreno M, Franc JL, François-Bellan AM. Evidence for an internal and functional circadian clock in rat pituitary cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:888-98. [PMID: 24239982 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In primary cultures of rat pituitary cells and in a pituitary sommatolactotroph cell line (GH4C1), endogenous core-clock- as well as hormone-genes such as prolactin displayed a rhythmic expression pattern, fitted by a sinusoidal equation in which the period value was close to the circadian one. This is consistent with the presence of a functional circadian oscillator in pituitary cells whose importance was ascertained in GH4C1 cell lines stably expressing a dominant negative mutant of BMAL1. In these cells, both endogenous core-clock- and prolactin-genes no more displayed a circadian pattern. Some genes we recently identified as mouse pituitary BMAL1-regulated genes in a DNA-microarray study, lost their circadian pattern in these cells, suggesting that BMAL1 controlled these genes locally in the pituitary. The intra-pituitary circadian oscillator could then play a role in the physiology of the gland that would not be seen anymore as a structure only driven by hypothalamic rhythmic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Becquet
- CRN2M, CNRS UMR 7286, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Bénédicte Boyer
- CRN2M, CNRS UMR 7286, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Thierry Brue
- CRN2M, CNRS UMR 7286, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Séverine Guillen
- CRN2M, CNRS UMR 7286, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Mathias Moreno
- CRN2M, CNRS UMR 7286, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Franc
- CRN2M, CNRS UMR 7286, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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Abstract
In most species, endogenous circadian clocks regulate 24-h rhythms of behavior and physiology. Clock disruption has been associated with decreased cognitive performance and increased propensity to develop obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Many hormonal factors show robust diurnal secretion rhythms, some of which are involved in mediating clock output from the brain to peripheral tissues. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of clock-hormone interaction in mammals, the contribution of different tissue oscillators to hormonal regulation, and how changes in circadian timing impinge on endocrine signalling and downstream processes. We further summarize recent findings suggesting that hormonal signals may feed back on circadian regulation and how this crosstalk interferes with physiological and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H Tsang
- Circadian Rhythms Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Sato M, Matsuo T, Atmore H, Akashi M. Possible contribution of chronobiology to cardiovascular health. Front Physiol 2014; 4:409. [PMID: 24478711 PMCID: PMC3895809 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The daily variations found in many aspects of physiology are collectively known as circadian rhythm (from "circa" meaning "about" and "dien" meaning "day"). Circadian oscillation in clock gene expression can generate quantitative or functional variations of the molecules directly involved in many physiological functions. This paper reviews the molecular mechanisms of the circadian clock, the transmission of circadian effects to cardiovascular functions, and the effects of circadian dysfunction on cardiovascular diseases. An evaluation of the operation of the internal clock is needed in clinical settings and will be an effective tool in the diagnosis of circadian rhythm disorders. Toward this end, we introduce a novel non-invasive method for assessing circadian time-regulation in human beings through the utilization of hair follicle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Sato
- The Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsuo
- The Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Henry Atmore
- Department of Anglo-American Studies, Kobe City University of Foreign Studies Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Akashi
- The Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi, Japan
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Garcia-Rios A, Gomez-Delgado FJ, Garaulet M, Alcala-Diaz JF, Delgado-Lista FJ, Marin C, Rangel-Zuñiga OA, Rodriguez-Cantalejo F, Gomez-Luna P, Ordovas JM, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Martinez P. Beneficial effect of CLOCK gene polymorphism rs1801260 in combination with low-fat diet on insulin metabolism in the patients with metabolic syndrome. Chronobiol Int 2013; 31:401-8. [PMID: 24328727 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.864300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation at the Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) locus has been associated with lifestyle-related conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases. In fact, it has been suggested that the disruption of the circadian system may play a causal role in manifestations of MetS. The aim of this research was to find out whether habitual consumption of a low-fat diet, compared with a Mediterranean diet enriched with olive oil, modulates the associations between common CLOCK single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1801260, rs3749474 and rs4580704) and lipid and glucose-related traits among MetS patients. Plasma lipid and insulin concentrations, indexes related with insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)) and CLOCK SNPs were determined in 475 MetS subjects participating in the CORDIOPREV clinical trial (NCT00924937). Gene-diet interactions were analyzed after a year of dietary intervention (Mediterranean diet (35% fat, 22% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)) versus low-fat diet (28% fat, 12% MUFA)). We found significant gene-diet interactions between rs1801260 SNP and the dietary pattern for insulin concentrations (p = 0.009), HOMA-IR (p = 0.014) and QUICKI (p = 0.028). Specifically, after 12 months of low-fat intervention, subjects who were homozygous for the major allele (TT) displayed lower plasma insulin concentrations (p = 0.032), lower insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; p = 0.027) and higher insulin sensitivity (QUICKI; p = 0.024) compared with carriers of the minor allele C (TC + CC). In contrast, in the Mediterranean intervention group a different trend was observed although no significant differences were found between CLOCK genotypes after 12 months of treatment. Our data support the notion that a chronic consumption of a healthy diet may play a contributing role in triggering glucose metabolism by interacting with the rs1801260 SNP at CLOCK gene locus in MetS patients. Due to the complex nature of gene-environment interactions, dietary adjustment in subjects with the MetS may require a personalized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Garcia-Rios
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba , Cordoba , Spain
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Lukaszewski MA, Eberlé D, Vieau D, Breton C. Nutritional manipulations in the perinatal period program adipose tissue in offspring. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E1195-207. [PMID: 24045869 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00231.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrated initially that maternal undernutrition results in low birth weight with increased risk for long-lasting energy balance disorders. Maternal obesity and diabetes associated with high birth weight, excessive nutrition in neonates, and rapid catchup growth also increase the risk of adult-onset obesity. As stated by the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease concept, nutrient supply perturbations in the fetus or neonate result in long-term programming of individual body weight set point. Adipose tissue is a key fuel storage unit involved mainly in the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Studies in numerous animal models have demonstrated that the adipose tissue is the focus of developmental programming events in a sex- and depot-specific manner. In rodents, adipose tissue development is particularly active during the perinatal period, especially during the last week of gestation and during early postnatal life. In contrast to rodents, this process essentially takes place before birth in bigger mammals. Despite these different developmental time windows, altricial and precocial species share several mechanisms of adipose tissue programming. Offspring from malnourished dams present adipose tissue with a series of alterations: impaired glucose uptake, insulin and leptin resistance, low-grade inflammation, modified sympathetic activity with reduced noradrenergic innervations, and thermogenesis. These modifications reprogram adipose tissue metabolism by changing fat distribution and composition and by enhancing adipogenesis, predisposing the offspring to fat accumulation. Subtle adipose tissue circadian rhythm changes are also observed. Inappropriate hormone levels, modified tissue sensitivity (especially glucocorticoid system), and epigenetic mechanisms are key factors for adipose tissue programming during the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Amélie Lukaszewski
- Unité Environnement Périnatal et Croissance, UPRES EA 4489, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, Université Lille-Nord de France, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Barnea M, Madar Z, Froy O. Dexamethasone induces high-amplitude rhythms in preadipocytes, but hinders circadian expression in differentiated adipocytes. Chronobiol Int 2013; 30:837-42. [PMID: 23738907 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.767824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids induce circadian gene expression in cultured cells and change the phase of circadian gene expression in vivo. In addition, glucocorticoids induce differentiation of preadipocyte to adipocytes. We set out to test the effect of dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, on circadian rhythms in 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes. Our results show that differentiated adipocytes exhibit robust circadian rhythms without dexamethasone. Dexamethasone induces phase changes and increases the amplitude of circadian gene expression in nondifferentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. However, dexamethasone had an opposite effect on differentiated adipocytes, leading to low-amplitude circadian expression. In conclusion, although glucocorticoids reset circadian rhythms, once rhythms are reset, glucocorticoid administration hinders circadian expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Barnea
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Lee MJ, Pramyothin P, Karastergiou K, Fried SK. Deconstructing the roles of glucocorticoids in adipose tissue biology and the development of central obesity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1842:473-81. [PMID: 23735216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Central obesity is associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Thus, the mechanisms that control fat distribution and its impact on systemic metabolism have importance for understanding the risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Hypercortisolemia at the systemic (Cushing's syndrome) or local levels (due to adipose-specific overproduction via 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1) results in the preferential expansion of central, especially visceral fat depots. At the same time, peripheral subcutaneous depots can become depleted. The biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the depot-specific actions of glucocorticoids (GCs) on adipose tissue function remain poorly understood. GCs exert pleiotropic effects on adipocyte metabolic, endocrine and immune functions, and dampen adipose tissue inflammation. GCs also regulate multiple steps in the process of adipogenesis. Acting synergistically with insulin, GCs increase the expression of numerous genes involved in fat deposition. Variable effects of GC on lipolysis are reported, and GC can improve or impair insulin action depending on the experimental conditions. Thus, the net effect of GC on fat storage appears to depend on the physiologic context. The preferential effects of GC on visceral adipose tissue have been linked to higher cortisol production and glucocorticoid receptor expression, but the molecular details of the depot-dependent actions of GCs are only beginning to be understood. In addition, increasing evidence underlines the importance of circadian variations in GCs in relationship to the timing of meals for determining their anabolic actions on the adipocyte. In summary, although the molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, there is increasing evidence that GCs have multiple, depot-dependent effects on adipocyte gene expression and metabolism that promote central fat deposition. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Modulation of Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Lee
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pornpoj Pramyothin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kalypso Karastergiou
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan K Fried
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Menaker M, Murphy ZC, Sellix MT. Central control of peripheral circadian oscillators. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2013; 23:741-6. [PMID: 23537900 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and at least two other unidentified central pacemakers regulate the temporal structure of a circadian network that involves almost every organ in the body. Phase control is central to the efficient function of this system. Individual circadian oscillators in tissues and organs in the periphery bear adaptive phase relationships to the external light cycle, the central pacemakers and to each other. The known signals that regulate and maintain these phase relationships come from the autonomic nervous system, the pineal and adrenal glands, behavioral cycles of feeding and activity and the rhythm of body temperature. It is likely that there are many unknown signals as well. Disrupting the network can produce severe pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Menaker
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
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