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Gletsu-Miller N, Henschel B, Tekwe CD, Thiagarajah K. A Cross-Sectional Study on the Association of Walnut Consumption with Obesity and Relative Fat Mass among United States Adolescents and Young Adults in NHANES (2003-2020). Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:104407. [PMID: 39157012 PMCID: PMC11324821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Walnuts contain nutrients and phytochemicals that can promote metabolic health. However, the high energy content of walnuts along with other nuts raises the concern that consuming nuts promotes obesity. Objectives We sought to investigate the associations between consumption of walnuts as well as other nuts and measures of obesity in adolescents and young adults. Methods This study included 8874 adolescents (12-19 y) and 10,323 young adults (20-39 y) from 8 waves of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2003-2020). The associations of consumption of 1) walnuts only (WO); 2) walnuts with other nuts (WON); 3) other nuts (ON); and 4) no nuts (NN) with obesity status and relative fat mass (RFM) were assessed using logistic and linear regressions stratified by age group and sex. Sample weights were used in all statistical analyses. Results The mean daily intake of walnuts was not different between the 2 walnut consumption groups within each age group (adolescents: 2.18 [standard error (SE) 0.14] g; P = 0.917; young adults: 4.23 [0.37] g; P = 0.682). The WON group had the lowest prevalence of obesity (adolescents: 8.3%; young adults: 21.1%) while the NN group had the highest prevalence (adolescents: 24.1%; young adults: 35.4%). The models indicated lower odds of obesity in adolescent girls (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27; P < 0.05) and young adult women (OR: 0.58; P < 0.05) who consumed WON than in those who consumed NN. In both young women and girls, RFM was significantly lower in the WON and ON groups than the NN group (P < 0.001). In young men, WON consumption was also associated with a lower RFM (OR: -1.24; 95% confidence interval: -2.21, -0.28) compared with NN consumption. Conclusions For adolescents girls and young women, dietary intake of walnuts combined with other nuts has the strongest inverse association with measures of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Gletsu-Miller
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Beate Henschel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Carmen D Tekwe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Krisha Thiagarajah
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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Sumislawski K, Widmer A, Suro RR, Robles ME, Lillegard K, Olson D, Koethe JR, Silver HJ. Consumption of Tree Nuts as Snacks Reduces Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Young Adults: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:5051. [PMID: 38140310 PMCID: PMC10745921 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetSx) and its chronic disease consequences are major public health concerns worldwide. Between-meal snacking may be a modifiable risk factor. We hypothesized that consuming tree nuts as snacks, versus typical carbohydrate snacks, would reduce risk for MetSx in young adults. A prospective, randomized, 16-week parallel-group diet intervention trial was conducted in 84 adults aged 22-36 with BMI 24.5 to 34.9 kg/m2 and ≥1 MetSx clinical risk factor. Tree nuts snacks (TNsnack) were matched to carbohydrate snacks (CHOsnack) for energy (kcal), protein, fiber, and sodium content as part of a 7-day eucaloric menu. Difference in change between groups was tested by analysis of covariance using general linear models. Multivariable linear regression modeling assessed main effects of TNsnack treatment and interactions between TNsnack and sex on MetSx score. Age, BMI, and year of study enrollment were included variables. There was a main effect of TNsnack on reducing waist circumference in females (mean difference: -2.20 ± 0.73 cm, p = 0.004) and a trend toward reduced visceral fat (-5.27 ± 13.05 cm2, p = 0.06). TNsnack decreased blood insulin levels in males (-1.14 ± 1.41 mIU/L, p = 0.05) and multivariable modeling showed a main effect of TNsnack on insulin. Main effects of TNsnack on triglycerides and TG/HDL ratio were observed (p = 0.04 for both) with TG/HDL ratio reduced ~11%. A main effect of TNsnack (p = 0.04) and an interaction effect between TNsnack and sex (p < 0.001) on total MetSx score yielded 67% reduced MetSx score in TNsnack females and 42% reduced MetSx score in TNsnack males. To our knowledge, this is the first randomized parallel-arm study to investigate cardiometabolic responses to TNsnacks versus typical CHOsnacks among young adults at risk of MetSx. Our study suggests daily tree nut consumption reduces MetSx risk by improving waist circumference, lipid biomarkers, and/or insulin sensitivity-without requiring caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Sumislawski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Annaliese Widmer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert R. Suro
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michelle E. Robles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kate Lillegard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dianna Olson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John R. Koethe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Heidi J. Silver
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Carter S, Hill AM, Mead LC, Wong HY, Yandell C, Buckley JD, Tan SY, Rogers GB, Fraysse F, Coates AM. Almonds vs. carbohydrate snacks in an energy-restricted diet: Weight and cardiometabolic outcomes from a randomized trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2467-2481. [PMID: 37621033 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated weight and cardiometabolic outcomes after a 3-month energy-restricted diet (-30%) containing almonds (almond-enriched diet [AED]) or containing carbohydrate-rich snacks (nut-free control diet [NFD]) (Phase 1), followed by 6 months of weight maintenance (Phase 2). METHODS Participants (25-65 years old) with overweight or obesity (BMI 27.5-34.9 kg/m2 ) were randomly allocated to AED (n = 68) or NFD (n = 72). RESULTS Both groups lost weight during Phase 1 (p < 0.001) (mean [SE], -7.0 [0.5] kg AED vs. -7.0 [0.5] kg NFD, p = 0.858) and Phase 2 (p = 0.009) (-1.1 [0.5] kg AED vs. -1.3 [0.6] NFD, p = 0.756), with improvements in percentage lean mass after Phase 2 (4.8% [0.3%], p < 0.001). Reductions occurred in fasting glucose (-0.2 [0.07] mmol/L, p = 0.003), insulin (-8.1 [4.0] pmol/L, p = 0.036), blood pressure (-4.9 [0.8] mm Hg systolic, -5.0 [0.5] mm Hg diastolic, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (-0.3 [0.1] mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (-0.2 [0.1] mmol/L), very low-density lipoprotein (-0.1 [0.03] mmol/L), and triglycerides (-0.3 [0.06] mmol/L) (all p < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein increased (0.1 [0.02] mmol/L, p = 0.011) by the end of Phase 2 in both groups. There were group by time interactions for lipoprotein particle concentrations: very small triglyceride-rich (-31.0 [7.7] nmol/L AED vs. -4.8 [7.9] nmol/L NFD, p = 0.007), small LDL (-109.3 [40.5] nmol/L AED vs. -20.7 [41.6] nmol/L NFD, p = 0.017), and medium LDL (-24.4 [43.4] nmol/L AED vs. -130.5 [44.4] nmol/L NFD, p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS An energy-restricted AED resulted in weight loss and weight loss maintenance comparable to an energy-restricted NFD, and both diets supported cardiometabolic health. The AED resulted in greater improvements in some lipoprotein subfractions, which may enhance reductions in cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharayah Carter
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alison M Hill
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren C Mead
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hoi Y Wong
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine Yandell
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Buckley
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sze-Yen Tan
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- Microbiome Research, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Francois Fraysse
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alison M Coates
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Assi MJ, Poursalehi D, Tirani SA, Shahdadian F, Hajhashemy Z, Mokhtari E, Mohammadi S, Saneei P. Legumes and nuts intake in relation to metabolic health status, serum brain derived neurotrophic factor and adropin levels in adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16455. [PMID: 37777675 PMCID: PMC10542386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is controversial evidence about the relationship between consumption of legumes and nuts with metabolic disturbances. The present study was undertaken to explore the association of legumes and nuts intake with metabolic health status among Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 527 adults (45.7% female, aged 20-65 years) chosen through a multistage cluster random-sampling approach. Dietary intakes of individuals were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were gathered to evaluate biochemical parameters. Metabolic health status of subjects was determined according to the criteria defined by Wildman. Data of covariates were collected using pre-tested procedures. The overall prevalence of metabolic unhealthy (MU) phenotype was 42.5%. After controlling all confounders, participants with highest intake of legumes and nuts had lower odds of MU status, compared with the lowest intake (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.18-0.71). This association was stronger in normal-weight rather than overweight/obese adults and also in women rather than men. Higher consumption of legumes and nuts was additionally related to decreased odds of hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. A marginally inverse association was observed between legumes and nuts intake with low brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, in fully-adjusted model (ORT3 vs. T1 0.50; 95% CI 0.25-1.01). Each tertile increase in legumes and nuts intake was marginally related to higher adropin levels ([Formula: see text] = 4.06; P = 0.07). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that higher intake of legumes and nuts is associated with lower chance of MU both in normal weight and overweight/obese adults. The association may be facilitated through serum BDNF and adropin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Assi
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Donya Poursalehi
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Amani Tirani
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farnaz Shahdadian
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajhashemy
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elahe Mokhtari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sobhan Mohammadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran.
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Cogan B, Pearson RC, Jenkins NT, Paton CM, Cooper JA. A 4-Week Pecan-Enriched Diet Improves Postprandial Lipid Peroxidation in Aging Adults. J Med Food 2023; 26:654-662. [PMID: 37638838 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pecans are rich in bioactive compounds known to reduce oxidative stress and provide glucoregulatory benefits. Few studies assessing the effect of a pecan-enriched diet on such health outcomes suggest potential improvements to cardiometabolic health; however, this has not been studied in an older adult population. Thus, we aimed to examine the effect of daily pecan consumption for 4-weeks on fasting and postmeal antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and markers of glycemia in healthy aging adults. In this randomized, parallel, controlled trial, 41 healthy adults (50-75 years) either consumed 68 g of pecans/day (pecan; n = 21) or avoided all nuts (control; n = 20). At pre- (V1) and postintervention visits (V2), blood samples were obtained at fasting, and 30, 60, and 120 min following a high saturated fat meal to assess changes in malondialdehyde, which is a measure of lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glucose, and insulin. Across the intervention, there were no differences in fasting or postprandial TAC, glucose, or insulin for pecan versus control. There was a trend for a difference in fasting lipid peroxidation from V1 to V2 by treatment (P = .06) driven by a slight reduction for pecan versus control (Δpecan: -2.0 ± 1.1 vs. Δcontrol: +0.6 ± 0.8 μM). In addition, postprandial lipid peroxidation was suppressed at V2 for pecan, and this was different from control (pecan areas under the curve (AUC): 10.6 ± 1.3 μM/h to 9.1 ± 1.2 μM/h vs. control AUC: 8.9 ± 1.3 μM/h to 9.2 ± 1.1 μM/h; P = .03). These findings suggest that a 1 month, pecan-enriched diet is protective against postmeal oxidative stress. Longer interventions or a diabetic population may be needed to observe glucoregulatory benefits. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04385537.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Cogan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Regis C Pearson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Nathan T Jenkins
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Chad M Paton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Wong THT, George ES, Abbott G, Daly RM, Georgousopoulou EN, Tan SY. Nut and seed consumption is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in females but not males: findings from the 2005-2018 NHANES data. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2415-2427. [PMID: 37115204 PMCID: PMC10421777 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the association between nut and seed consumption, both combined and separately, and metabolic syndrome and its components, including fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, central obesity, and blood pressure. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis used data from 22,687 adults (aged ≥ 18 years) involved in seven cycles (2005-2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Habitual nut and seed intakes were estimated by the Multiple Source Method using data from two 24-h dietary recalls. Metabolic syndrome was ascertained using biochemical data and self-reported medication use. Sex-specific effect estimates were obtained using logistic and linear regressions adjusting for lifestyle and socioeconomic confounders. RESULTS Compared to non-consumers, female, but not male, habitual consumers of either nuts or seeds had lower odds of having metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.71, 0.97). Both nut intake alone and seed intake alone were inversely associated with high fasting glucose and low HDL-cholesterol in females compared to non-consumers. When restricted to habitual consumers only, the combined intake of nuts and seeds at 6 g/day was associated with the lowest triglycerides and highest HDL-cholesterol in females. Combined consumption of nuts and seeds up to one ounce-equivalent (15 g) per day, but not in higher intake levels, was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome, high fasting glucose, central obesity, and low HDL-cholesterol in females. CONCLUSIONS Nut and seed consumption, both separately or combined, below 15 g/day was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome and its component conditions in females but not males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy H T Wong
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Elena S George
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | | | - Sze-Yen Tan
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
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Ni J, Nishi SK, Babio N, Ros E, Basterra-Gortari FJ, Corella D, O C, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, López-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Santos-Lozano JM, Serra-Majem L, Cano-Ibáñez N, Tur JA, Fernández-García JM, Pintó X, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Matía-Martín P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Fernández-Aranda F, Ruiz-Canela M, Mestres Solà C, Portolés O, Sala-Vila A, Garcia-Rios A, Compañ-Gabucio LM, Gómez-Gracia E, Zulet MA, Chaplin A, Casas R, Martínez-Diz S, Tojal-Sierra L, Gómez-Pérez AM, Toledo E, Rios S, Ortega-Azorín C, de la Torre R, Peña-Orihuela PJ, Garcia-de la Hera M, Sayón-Orea C, Malcampo M, Salas-Salvadó J. Higher versus lower nut consumption and changes in cognitive performance over two years in a population at risk of cognitive decline: a cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:360-368. [PMID: 37269908 PMCID: PMC10447472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tree nuts and peanuts (henceforth, nuts) are nutrient-dense foods rich in neuroprotective components; thus, their consumption could benefit cognitive health. However, evidence to date is limited and inconsistent regarding the potential benefits of nuts for cognitive function. OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate the association between nut consumption and 2-y changes in cognitive performance in older adults at cognitive decline risk. METHODS A total of 6,630 participants aged 55 to 75 y (mean age 65.0±4.9 y, 48.4% women) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome completed a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests at baseline and a 2-y follow-up. Composite cognitive scores were used to assess global, general, attention, and executive function domains. Nut consumption was categorized as <1, ≥1 to <3, ≥3 to <7, and ≥7 servings/wk (1 serving=30 g). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to assess associations between baseline nut consumption and 2-y cognitive changes. RESULTS Nut consumption was positively associated with 2-y changes in general cognitive function (P-trend <0.001). Compared with participants consuming <1 serving/wk of nuts, those categorized as consuming ≥3 to <7 and ≥7 servings/wk showed more favorable changes in general cognitive performance (β z-score [95% CI] = 0.06 [0.00,0.12] and 0.13 [0.06,0.20], respectively). No significant changes were observed in the multivariable-adjusted models for other cognitive domains assessed. CONCLUSION Frequent nut consumption was associated with a smaller decline in general cognitive performance over 2 y in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. Randomized clinical trials to verify our findings are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ni
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephanie K Nishi
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada; Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy Babio
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Emilio Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Javier Basterra-Gortari
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Castañer O
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d`Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program. IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel M Alonso-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; EpiPHAAN research group, School of Health Sciences, University of Malaga - Instituto de Investigación Biomédica en Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante. Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH). Alicante, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretata Alimentaria (INSA-UB). University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA). University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Manuel Santos-Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria & Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Naomi Cano-Ibáñez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-García
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Grupo de trabajo de Nutrición, Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN), Centro de Salud de Valga, Pontevedra, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program. IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Division of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Fundación Jimenez Díaz. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IISFJD. University Autonoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group. Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program. IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Olga Portolés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d`Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Rios
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Laura María Compañ-Gabucio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante. Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH). Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - M Angeles Zulet
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alice Chaplin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretata Alimentaria (INSA-UB). University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Diz
- Service of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Tojal-Sierra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ana María Gómez-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA). University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Santiago Rios
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Ortega-Azorín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia J Peña-Orihuela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuela Garcia-de la Hera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante. Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH). Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Sayón-Orea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mireia Malcampo
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d`Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Carter S, Hill AM, Buckley JD, Tan SY, Rogers GB, Coates AM. Acute feeding with almonds compared to a carbohydrate-based snack improves appetite-regulating hormones with no effect on self-reported appetite sensations: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:857-866. [PMID: 36305961 PMCID: PMC9614749 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early satiety has been identified as one of the mechanisms that may explain the beneficial effects of nuts for reducing obesity. This study compared postprandial changes in appetite-regulating hormones and self-reported appetite ratings after consuming almonds (AL, 15% of energy requirement) or an isocaloric carbohydrate-rich snack bar (SB). METHODS This is a sub-analysis of baseline assessments of a larger parallel-arm randomised controlled trial in overweight and obese (Body Mass Index 27.5-34.9 kg/m2) adults (25-65 years). After an overnight fast, 140 participants consumed a randomly allocated snack (AL [n = 68] or SB [n = 72]). Appetite-regulating hormones and self-reported appetite sensations, measured using visual analogue scales, were assessed immediately before snack food consumption, and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min following snack consumption. A sub-set of participants (AL, n = 49; SB, n = 48) then consumed a meal challenge buffet ad libitum to assess subsequent energy intake. An additional appetite rating assessment was administered post buffet at 150 min. RESULTS Postprandial C-peptide area under the curve (AUC) response was 47% smaller with AL compared to SB (p < 0.001). Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide AUC responses were larger with AL compared to SB (18%, p = 0.005; 39% p < 0.001; 45% p < 0.001 respectively). Cholecystokinin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, leptin and polypeptide YY AUCs were not different between groups. Self-reported appetite ratings and energy intake following the buffet did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION More favourable appetite-regulating hormone responses to AL did not translate into better self-reported appetite or reduced short-term energy consumption. Future studies should investigate implications for longer term appetite regulation. ANZCTR REFERENCE NUMBER ACTRN12618001861246 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharayah Carter
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5001 Australia
| | - Alison M. Hill
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jonathan D. Buckley
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5001 Australia
| | - Sze-Yen Tan
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Geraint B. Rogers
- grid.430453.50000 0004 0565 2606Microbiome Research, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Alison M. Coates
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5001 Australia
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9
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Cubas-Basterrechea G, Elío I, Alonso G, Otero L, Gutiérrez-Bardeci L, Puente J, Muñoz-Cacho P. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Inversely Associated with the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Older People from the North of Spain. Nutrients 2022; 14:4536. [PMID: 36364798 PMCID: PMC9657522 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to relate adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in an elderly population from the north of Spain. Methods: We carried out an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study involving 556 non-institutionalised individuals aged 65 to 79 years. The MEDAS-14 questionnaire score was used to define the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The diagnosis of MetS was conducted using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Results: In 264 subjects with an average age of 71.9 (SD: ±4.2), 39% of whom were men, 36.4% had good adherence (score ≥ 9 in MEDAS-14), with no differences by gender or age. The prevalence of MetS was 40.2%, with 47.6% in men and 35.4% in women (p < 0.05). The prevalence of MetS was 2.4 times more frequent among individuals who consumed less than two servings (200 g) of vegetables daily compared with those who consumed two or more servings of vegetables daily (OR: 2.368, 95%CI: 1.141−4.916, p = 0.021). Low adherence to the MedDiet (MEDAS-14 score ≤ 8) was associated with an 82% higher prevalence of MetS (OR: 1.817, 95%CI: 1.072−3.081, p = 0.027). Conclusion: An inverse relationship was established between adherence to the MedDiet and the prevalence of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iñaki Elío
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Iberoamerican International University, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Otero
- Primary Care Center Puertochico, 39004 Santander, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Puente
- Compass Group, Department VITArest, 28054 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Muñoz-Cacho
- Teaching Department of Primary Care Management, Cantabrian Health Service, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
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10
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Yi SY, Steffen LM, Zhou X, Shikany JM, Jacobs DR. Association of nut consumption with CVD risk factors in young to middle-aged adults: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2321-2329. [PMID: 35970686 PMCID: PMC9529993 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few studies have examined long-term associations of walnut, other nut, and no nut consumption with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Results from prospective studies with long-term follow-up can provide further evidence for dietary guideline messaging to consume nuts. Therefore, we examined the associations of walnut, other nut, and no nut consumption with diet quality and CVD risk factors over 30 years of follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS Data were analyzed from 3092 young adults enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Dietary intake, including walnuts and other nuts, was assessed 3 times over 20 years. CVD risk factors were measured at multiple exams. General linear regression evaluated the associations of walnut, other nut, and no nut consumption with CVD risk factors over 30 years (Y30) of follow-up. The 20-year cumulative mean intake of walnuts (0.74 oz/d), other nuts (1.6 oz/d), or no nut consumption was differentially associated with HEI-2015 and CVD risk factors by Y30. Generally, walnut consumers had significantly higher HEI-2015, lower body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, and triglyceride concentration, and gained less weight since baseline than other nut consumers (p ≤ 0.05 for all). Further, walnut consumers had lower fasting blood glucose than no nut consumers (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Study findings that walnut and other nut consumption was associated with better CVD risk factors and diet quality aligns with the 2020-2025 US. Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendation to consume nuts, such as walnuts, within the context of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yun Yi
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health; Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health; Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Xia Zhou
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health; Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health; Minneapolis, MN, USA
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11
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Montemayor S, Mascaró CM, Ugarriza L, Casares M, Llompart I, Abete I, Zulet MÁ, Martínez JA, Tur JA, Bouzas C. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and NAFLD in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: The FLIPAN Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:3186. [PMID: 35956364 PMCID: PMC9370227 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy diet is an important factor in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies showed the benefits of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on Metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases, which usually have a pathophysiological relationship with NAFLD. To assess the effect of adherence to a MedDiet on NAFLD in MetS patients after lifestyle intervention, this multicentre (Mallorca and Navarra, Spain) prospective randomized trial, with personalized nutritional intervention based on a customized MedDiet, coupled with physical activity promotion was performed to prevent, and reverse NAFLD among patients with MetS. The current analysis included 138 patients aged 40 to 60 years old, Body Mass Index (BMI) 27-40 kg/m2, diagnosed with NAFLD using MRI, and MetS according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Adherence to Mediterranean diet by means of a 17-item validated questionnaire, anthropometrics, physical activity, blood pressure, blood biochemical parameters, and intrahepatic fat contents (IFC) were measured. The independent variable used was changes in MedDiet adherence, categorized in tertiles after 6 months follow-up. Subjects with high adherence to the MedDiet showed higher decreases in BMI, body weight, WC, SBP, DBP, and IFC. An association between improvement in adherence to the MedDiet and amelioration of IFC after 6-month follow-up was observed. High adherence to the MedDiet is associated with better status of MetS features, and better values of IFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Montemayor
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (L.U.); (I.L.); (C.B.)
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina M. Mascaró
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (L.U.); (I.L.); (C.B.)
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lucía Ugarriza
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (L.U.); (I.L.); (C.B.)
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Camp Redó Primary Health Care Center, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Casares
- Radiodiagnosis Service, Red Asistencial Juaneda, 07011 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Isabel Llompart
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (L.U.); (I.L.); (C.B.)
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.Á.Z.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - María Ángeles Zulet
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.Á.Z.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Cardiometabolics Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (L.U.); (I.L.); (C.B.)
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.Á.Z.)
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (L.U.); (I.L.); (C.B.)
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.Á.Z.)
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12
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Cubas-Basterrechea G, Elío I, Sumalla-Cano S, Aparicio-Obregón S, González-Antón CT, Muñoz-Cacho P. The Regular Consumption of Nuts Is Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Older People from the North of Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1256. [PMID: 35162277 PMCID: PMC8834977 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to relate the adherence to nut consumption (30 g) three or more days per week to the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in an elderly population from the north of Spain. METHODS The study consists of an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study conducted in 556 non-institutionalised individuals between 65 and 79 years of age. To define the consumption recommendation of nuts the indication of the questionnaire MEDAS-14 was followed. The diagnosis of MetS was conducted using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. RESULTS In 264 subjects aged 71.9 (SD: ±4.2) years old, 39% of whom were men, the adherence to nut consumption recommendations was 40.2%. Of these individuals, 79.5% had abdominal obesity. The prevalence of MetS was 40.2%, being 47.6% in men and 35.4% in women (p < 0.05). A nut consumption lower than recommended was associated with a 19% higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (Prevalence Ratio: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03-1.37; p < 0.05) and a 61% higher prevalence of MetS (Prevalence Ratio: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.16-2.25; p = 0.005) compared to a consumption of ≥3 servings per week. CONCLUSION An inverse relationship was established between nut consumption and the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iñaki Elío
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.); (S.S.-C.); (S.A.-O.)
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Iberoamerican Internarional University, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Sandra Sumalla-Cano
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.); (S.S.-C.); (S.A.-O.)
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Iberoamerican Internarional University, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Silvia Aparicio-Obregón
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.); (S.S.-C.); (S.A.-O.)
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Iberoamerican Internarional University, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | | | - Pedro Muñoz-Cacho
- Teaching Department of Primary Care Management, Cantabrian Health Service, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain;
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Ruggiero E, Bonaccio M, Costanzo S, Esposito S, Di Castelnuovo A, Carpineta E, Cerletti C, Donati MB, Paolini S, Esposito V, de Gaetano G, Innocenzi G, Iacoviello L. Dietary factors and the risk of lumbar spinal stenosis: A case-control analysis from the PREFACE study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:90-97. [PMID: 34802849 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is a lack of knowledge on the association of dietary factors and Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS). We evaluated the association of a Mediterranean diet (MD), its major food components and ultra-processed food (UPF) with the risk of LSS. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants were recruited from the Neurosurgery Department of the IRCCS Neuromed, Italy. The study sample consisted of 156 cases of LSS, and 312 controls matched 1:2 for sex, age (±6 months) and physical activity, without a history or clinical evidence of LSS who were identified from the general population. Adherence to MD was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Score based on 9 food groups. UPF was defined according to NOVA classification and calculated as the ratio (%) of UPF (g/d) on total food consumed (g/d). In multivariable-adjusted analysis, a 2-point increase in the MD score was not associated with LSS risk (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.72-1.46). An increment of 10 g/d of fruits and nuts, cereals or fish led to lower odds of LSS (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-0.99; OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.94; OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76-0.99, respectively). Additionally, 1% increment in the consumption of UPF in the diet was independently associated with higher LSS risk (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.14). CONCLUSION A diet rich in fruits, cereals, fish is associated with lower risk of LSS while a large dietary share of UPF increases the risk of this disease. Further studies with a prospective design and larger sample sizes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Simona Esposito
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Paolini
- Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy; Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
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14
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Xia JY, Yu JH, Xu DF, Yang C, Xia H, Sun GJ. The Effects of Peanuts and Tree Nuts on Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled-Feeding Clinical Studies. Front Nutr 2021; 8:765571. [PMID: 34926548 PMCID: PMC8679310 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.765571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus was found to be associated with metabolic disorders, particularly abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. Dietary food choices may have profound effects on blood lipids. The primary objective of this study was to examine the effects of peanuts and tree nuts intake on lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: According to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines, we performed a systematic search of randomized controlled clinical trials and systematic reviews published in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane library, from inception through June 2021. Studies in populations with type 2 diabetes, which compare nuts or peanuts to a controlled-diet group were included. We used the mean difference with 95% CIs to present estimates for continuous outcomes from individual studies. In addition, we used the GRADEpro tool to evaluate the overall quality of evidence. Results: Sixteen studies involving 1,041 participants were eligible for this review. The results showed that peanuts and tree nuts supplementation did not induce significant changes in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (mean difference = −0.11; 95%CI: −0.25 – 0.03, p = 0.117) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (mean difference = 0.01; 95%CI: −0.01 – 0.04, p = 0.400) in patients with type 2 diabetics. In addition, we found that peanuts and tree nuts intake may cause a significantly reduction in total cholesterol (TC) (mean difference = −0.14; 95%CI: −0.26 – −0.02, p = 0.024) and triglyceride (TG) (mean difference = −0.10; 95%CI: −0.17 – −0.02, p = 0.010). In the subgroup analysis, a significantly greater reduction in TC was observed in studies which duration was <12 weeks (mean difference = −0.22; 95%CI: −0.37 – −0.08, p = 0.002). The quality of the body of evidence was “moderate” for TC and TG, the quality of evidence for LDL-C and HDL-C were “low.” Conclusion: Our findings suggest that consuming peanuts and tree nuts might be beneficial to lower TC concentration and TG concentration in type 2 diabetics subjects. Furthermore, peanuts and tree nuts supplementation could be considered as a part of a healthy lifestyle in the management of blood lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes. Given some limits observed in the current studies, more well-designed trials are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Deng-Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gui-Ju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Ghosn B, Falahi E, Keshteli AH, Yazdannik AR, Azadbakht L, Esmaillzadeh A. Lack of association between nuts and legumes consumption and metabolic syndrome in young Iranian nurses. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:173-178. [PMID: 34857192 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies have investigated the association between dietary pattern and risk of metabolic syndrome. Limited studies have examined the association between nuts and legumes as a food group and metabolic syndrome. This study explored the association between nuts and legumes and components of metabolic syndrome in Iranian nurses. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 420 female nurses of Isfahan who were randomly selected. Nuts and legumes consumption was assessed using a validated dish-based semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Metabolic syndrome was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). Linear and logistic regression tests were used to study the association between nuts and legumes consumption and metabolic syndrome and its components. RESULTS Mean age of study participants was 35 years. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among study participants was 3.6%. Consumption of nuts and legumes was not associated with waist circumference either before (β = -0.01, P = 0.24) or after adjusting for potential confounders (β = -0.18, P = 0.41). The same findings were also observed for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β = 0.001, P = 0.42), serum triglyceride (TG) (β = 0.07, P = 0.32), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (β = 0.008, P = 0.65) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) (β = -0.001, P = 0.94). We failed to find a significant association between consumption of nuts and legumes and systolic blood pressure (SBP) after adjusting for confounders (β = 0.002, P = 0.38). Individuals in the highest category of nuts and legume consumption did not had elevated odds for metabolic syndrome after adjusting for potential confounders (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.08-9.80, P = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS Nuts and legumes consumption was not associated with metabolic syndrome or its components. Prospective studies are needed to investigate further this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Ghosn
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Falahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ahmad Reza Yazdannik
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular- Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Calderón-Pérez L, Suárez-García S, Pedret A, Suárez M, Llauradó E, Rubió L, Del Bas JM, Caimari A, Puiggrós F, Arola L, Solà R, Valls RM. Serum lysophospholipidome of dietary origin as a suitable susceptibility/risk biomarker of human hypercholesterolemia: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr 2021; 41:489-499. [PMID: 35007817 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Whether bioactive lysophospholipids (lyso-PLs) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) serve as non-invasive biomarkers in early human hypercholesterolemia (HC) is unknown. This study aimed to assess whether serum lyso-PLs and plasma TMAO may be suitable susceptibility/risk biomarkers of HC in humans. Secondarily, we aimed to evaluate the relationships between targeted metabolites, diet composition and circulating liver transaminases, and verify these results in hamsters. METHODS A targeted metabolomics and lipidomics approach determined plasma TMAO and serum lysophosphatidylcholines (lyso-PCs) and lysophosphatidylethanolamines (lyso-PEs) in low (L-LDL-c) and moderate to high (MH-LDL-c) LDL-cholesterol subjects. Additionally, the relationships between targeted metabolites, liver transaminases and diet, particularly fatty acid intake, were tested. In parallel, plasma and liver lyso-PL profiles were studied in 16 hamsters fed a moderate high-fat (HFD) or low-fat (LFD) diet for 30 days. RESULTS Predictive models identified lyso-PC15:0 and lyso-PE18:2 as the most discriminant lyso-PLs among groups. In MH-LDL-c (n = 48), LDL-cholesterol and saturated FAs were positively associated with lyso-PC15:0, whereas in L-LDL-c (n = 70), LDL-cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were negatively and positively related to lyso-PE18:2, respectively. Interestingly, in MH-LDL-c, the lower lyso-PE 18:2 concentrations were indicative of higher LDL-cholesterol levels. Intrahepatic accumulation of lyso-PLs-containing essential n-6 PUFAs, including lyso-PE18:2, were higher in HFD-fed hamsters than LFD-fed hamsters. CONCLUSIONS Overall, results revealed a possible hepatic adaptive mechanism to counteract diet-induced steatosis in animal and hypercholesterolemia progression in humans. In particular, low serum lyso-PE18:2 suggests a suitable susceptibility/risk biomarker of HC in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Calderón-Pérez
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain
| | - Susana Suárez-García
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain.
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Spain.
| | - Elisabet Llauradó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Agrotecnio Center, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - Francesc Puiggrós
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain; Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa M Valls
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain
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Adherence to a Plant-Based Diet and Consumption of Specific Plant Foods-Associations with 3-Year Weight-Loss Maintenance and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Secondary Analysis of the PREVIEW Intervention Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113916. [PMID: 34836170 PMCID: PMC8618731 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets are recommended by dietary guidelines. This secondary analysis aimed to assess longitudinal associations of an overall plant-based diet and specific plant foods with weight-loss maintenance and cardiometabolic risk factors. Longitudinal data on 710 participants (aged 26–70 years) with overweight or obesity and pre-diabetes from the 3-year weight-loss maintenance phase of the PREVIEW intervention were analyzed. Adherence to an overall plant-based diet was evaluated using a novel plant-based diet index, where all plant-based foods received positive scores and all animal-based foods received negative scores. After adjustment for potential confounders, linear mixed models with repeated measures showed that the plant-based diet index was inversely associated with weight regain, but not with cardiometabolic risk factors. Nut intake was inversely associated with regain of weight and fat mass and increments in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Fruit intake was inversely associated with increments in diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol. Vegetable intake was inversely associated with an increment in diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides and was positively associated with an increase in HDL cholesterol. All reported associations with cardiometabolic risk factors were independent of weight change. Long-term consumption of nuts, fruits, and vegetables may be beneficial for weight management and cardiometabolic health, whereas an overall plant-based diet may improve weight management only.
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Ahola AJ, Forsblom CM, Harjutsalo V, Groop PH. Nut Consumption Is Associated with Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Type 1 Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113909. [PMID: 34836164 PMCID: PMC8620387 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nut consumption has been associated with several health benefits, it has not been investigated in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Therefore, our aim was to assess nut consumption and its association with metabolic syndrome in adult individuals with type 1 diabetes taking part in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study. The nut intake of the 1058 participants was assessed from 3-day food records that were completed twice, and the number of weekly servings, assuming a serving size of 28.4 g, was calculated. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of ≥3 of the cardiovascular risk factors: central obesity, high blood pressure (≥130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication), high triglyceride concentration (≥1.70 mmol/L or use of lipid-lowering medication), low HDL-cholesterol concentration (<1.00 mmol/L in men and <1.30 mmol/L in women or use of lipid-lowering medication), and hyperglycaemia. Overweight/obesity was defined as a BMI ≥25 kg/m2. HbA1c > 59 mmol/mol (>7.5%) was used as a criterion for suboptimal glycaemic control. Of the 1058 (mean age 46 years, 41.6% men) participants, 689 (54.1%) reported no nut intake. In the remaining sample, the median weekly nut intake was 40.8 g. In the adjusted models, higher nut intake, as the continuous number of weekly servings and the comparison of those with <2 and ≥2 weekly servings, was associated with lower metabolic syndrome score, waist circumference, HbA1c, and BMI. Nut consumption as a continuous variable was negatively associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome, its blood pressure, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol components, and suboptimal glycaemic control. Consumption of ≥2 weekly servings was associated with lower odds of suboptimal glycaemic control (by 51.5%), overweight/obesity (by 33.4%), and metabolic syndrome (by 51.8%) and meeting the waist (by 37.3%), blood pressure (by 44.5%), triglyceride (by 37.7%), and HDL-cholesterol (by 36.2%) components of the metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, a weekly nut intake of ≥2 servings was beneficially associated with all the components of the metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes. The causality of this association will need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aila J. Ahola
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.J.A.); (C.M.F.); (V.H.)
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol M. Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.J.A.); (C.M.F.); (V.H.)
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.J.A.); (C.M.F.); (V.H.)
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.J.A.); (C.M.F.); (V.H.)
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-500-430-436
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Acute consumption of a shake containing cashew and Brazil nuts did not affect appetite in overweight subjects: a randomized, cross-over study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4321-4330. [PMID: 34037821 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02560-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies suggests that nut consumption provides satiety and may contribute to the management of obesity. However, the effect of acute intake of nuts on appetite responses remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of a shake containing 30 g of cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.) and 15 g of Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K) on appetite responses in overweight subjects. METHODS This was a clinical, randomized, controlled, single-blind, cross-over, pilot study. On two non-consecutive test days, 15 subjects received a shake containing nuts, and a shake absent of nuts matched for energy and macronutrient content. Subjective appetite sensation was evaluated by visual analogue scales (VAS). Food intake was measured by weighing the lunch served at the end of each morning-test, which subjects ate ad libitum. Total energy intake was estimated by food records. This study is registered on the Brazilian Registers of Clinical Trials-ReBEC (protocol: U1111-1203-9891). RESULTS We observed no significant difference in subjective appetite sensations between the groups. Food intake at lunch, as well as energy intake throughout the day also did not differ between the treatments. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the acute intake of a shake containing nuts was not able to enhance satiety, compared to a shake matched for energy and macronutrient content. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the satiety mechanisms of nuts intake.
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Walnut Supplementation Restores the SIRT1-FoxO3a-MnSOD/Catalase Axis in the Heart, Promotes an Anti-Inflammatory Fatty Acid Profile in Plasma, and Lowers Blood Pressure on Fructose-Rich Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5543025. [PMID: 33976753 PMCID: PMC8086433 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5543025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of walnut (Juglans regia) consumption for metabolic health are known, but the molecular background underlying their putative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory effects is underexplored. We assessed that walnut supplementation (6 weeks) reverted unfavorable changes of the SIRT1/FoxO3a/MnSOD/catalase axis in the heart induced by fructose-rich diet (FRD). Intriguingly, Nox4 was increased by both FRD and walnut supplementation. FRD increased the cytosolic fraction and decreased the nuclear fraction of the uniquely elucidated ChREBP in the heart. The ChREBP nuclear fraction was decreased in control rats subjected to walnuts. In addition, walnut consumption was associated with a reduction in systolic BP in FRD and a decrease in fatty acid AA/EPA and AA/DHA ratios in plasma. In summary, the protective effect of walnut supplementation was detected in male rats following the fructose-induced decrease in antioxidative/anti-inflammatory capacity of cardiac tissue and increase in plasma predictors of low-grade inflammation. The current results provide a novel insight into the relationship between nutrients, cellular energy homeostasis, and the modulators of inflammatory/immune response in metabolic syndrome, emphasizing the heart and highlighting a track for translation into nutrition and dietary therapeutic approaches against metabolic disease.
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Becerra-Tomás N, Paz-Graniel I, Hernández-Alonso P, Jenkins DJA, Kendall CWC, Sievenpiper JL, Salas-Salvadó J. Nut consumption and type 2 diabetes risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:960-971. [PMID: 33471083 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous meta-analyses, with some methodological controversies, have assessed the relation between nut consumption and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk and pointed to contradictory results, making desirable the performance of an updated meta-analysis. OBJECTIVES We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze all the published studies investigating the relations of total nuts and different types of nuts-i.e., walnuts, peanuts, peanut butter, and total tree nuts-with the prevalence and incidence of T2D. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed and Cochrane databases through 12 August, 2020. The inverse variance method with fixed-effect models was used to pool data across studies, expressed as risk ratios (RRs) or ORs and 95% CIs for prospective cohort and cross-sectional studies, respectively. The Cochran Q test and I2 statistics were used to test and quantify heterogeneity, respectively. Dose-response meta-analysis was also conducted. RESULTS Eight studies (5 prospective and 3 cross-sectional) were included in the quantitative synthesis. Meta-analyses of cross-sectional studies and prospective cohort studies, comparing the highest with the lowest categories, revealed a nonsignificant association between total nut consumption and T2D. Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies showed an inverse association between peanut butter consumption and T2D incidence (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.98; I2 = 50.6%; Pheterogeneity = 0.16), whereas no association was observed between peanuts or tree nuts and T2D. There was no evidence of a linear dose-response or nonlinear dose-response gradient for total nut and peanut consumption in prospective cohort studies. The certainty of the evidence using NutriGrade was very low for all the exposures. CONCLUSIONS Current results do not demonstrate an association of total nut, peanut, or tree nut consumption with T2D. Peanut butter consumption may be inversely associated with this disease.This review protocol was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42020149756.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Unit of Human Nutrition, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Consorcio Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red, M.P (CIBERObn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Indira Paz-Graniel
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Unit of Human Nutrition, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Consorcio Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red, M.P (CIBERObn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Hernández-Alonso
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Unit of Human Nutrition, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Consorcio Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red, M.P (CIBERObn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyril W C Kendall
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Unit of Human Nutrition, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Consorcio Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red, M.P (CIBERObn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain
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22
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Askari M, Daneshzad E, Jafari A, Bellissimo N, Azadbakht L. Association of nut and legume consumption with Framingham 10 year risk of general cardiovascular disease in older adult men: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 42:373-380. [PMID: 33745608 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Given the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among older adults, especially in men compared to women, the aim of this study was to examine nut and legume consumption in relation to Framingham risk score (FRS) and cardiovascular risk factors in older adult men. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 267 men aged 60-74 years old. Diet was measured using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. We used FRS to predict a 10-year chance of developing CVD among participants. RESULTS Nut consumption was inversely associated with serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (Odds ratio (OR): 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17, 0.59; P < 0.001) and directly associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.18, 3.89; P = 0.001). In addition, higher intake of legumes was associated with lower serum levels of LDL-C (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.49; P < 0.001) and higher serum levels of HDL-C (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.72; P = 0.005). However, no associations were observed between nuts and legumes on FRS and other CVD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Overall, nut and legume consumption was associated with higher serum levels of HDL-C and lower serum levels of LDL-C. Future studies are required to elucidate the association between nut and legume consumption and CVD risk factors to characterize gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Daneshzad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Jafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Remnant Cholesterol, Not LDL Cholesterol, Is Associated With Incident Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 76:2712-2724. [PMID: 33272365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic, observational, and clinical intervention studies indicate that circulating levels of triglycerides and cholesterol transported in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (remnant cholesterol) can predict cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the association of triglycerides and remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) with major cardiovascular events in a cohort of older individuals at high cardiovascular risk. METHODS This study determined the baseline lipid profile and searched for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in the high-risk primary prevention PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial population (mean age: 67 years; body mass index: 30 kg/m2; 43% men; 48% with diabetes) after a median follow-up of 4.8 years. Unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between lipid concentrations (either as continuous or categorical variables) and incident MACEs (N = 6,901; n cases = 263). RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted analyses, triglycerides (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 to 1.06, per 10 mg/dl [0.11 mmol/l]; p < 0.001), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.10, per 10 mg/dl [0.26 mmol/l]; p = 0.026), and remnant-C (HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.33, per 10 mg/dl [0.26 mmol/l]; p < 0.001), but not low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or HDL-C, were associated with MACEs. Atherogenic dyslipidemia (triglycerides >150 mg/dl [1.69 mmol/l] and HDL-C <40 mg/dl [1.03 mmol/l] in men or <50 mg/dl [1.29 mmol/l] in women) was also associated with MACEs (HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.00; p = 0.030). Remnant-C ≥30 mg/dl (0.78 mmol/l) differentiated subjects at a higher risk of MACEs compared with those at lower concentrations, regardless of whether LDL-C levels were on target at ≤100 mg/dl (2.59 mmol/l). CONCLUSIONS In overweight or obese subjects at high cardiovascular risk, levels of triglycerides and remnant-C, but not LDL-C, were associated with cardiovascular outcomes independent of other risk factors.
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24
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Total Nut, Tree Nut, and Peanut Consumption and Metabolic Status in Southern Italian Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041847. [PMID: 33672852 PMCID: PMC7918537 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nut consumption has been associated with cardio-metabolic health benefits. However, studies conducted in the Southern Italian population, where adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been reported being relatively high, are rather scarce. The aim of this study was to test the association between consumption of total and specific types of nuts and metabolic status among adults living in Sicily, Southern Italy. Methods: Demographic and dietary characteristics of 2044 adults living in Southern Italy were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between nut consumption and metabolic status adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: The energy-adjusted model revealed that higher nut intake was inversely associated with occurrence of hypertension, type-2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. However, the association did not remain significant for the latter after adjusting for the main background characteristics, while an inverse association was stably confirmed for hypertension (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.46–0.80 and OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.26–0.74, respectively) even after adjusting for adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Among individual nut types, most of the associations were null except for higher almond intake, which was inversely associated with occurrence of hypertension (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.49–0.99). Conclusions: Higher nut consumption is associated with overall better metabolic status in individuals living in the Mediterranean area.
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25
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Semmler G, Bachmayer S, Wernly S, Wernly B, Niederseer D, Huber-Schönauer U, Stickel F, Aigner E, Datz C. Nut consumption and the prevalence and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244514. [PMID: 33382757 PMCID: PMC7774938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nut consumption has been associated with reduced inflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. However, the influence on the prevalence and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has yet to be evaluated. METHODS 4655 subjects were included as part of a colorectal carcinoma screening program (SAKKOPI) between 07/2010 and 07/2019 and analyzed 2020. Patients were characterized using biochemical and metabolic parameters, as well as a detailed questionnaire on dietary habits. The diagnosis of NAFLD was established using abdominal ultrasound. Consumption of nuts was graded as: no consumption or <1 time/week, 1-6 times/week, 1 time/day and ≥2 times/day. RESULTS Mean age was 58.5±9.8years with a mean BMI of 26.5±4.7kg/m2. 2058 (44.2%) patients suffered from the metabolic syndrome, 2407 (51.6%) had arterial hypertension, 2287 (49.1%) showed prediabetes/diabetes, 1854 (39.4%) had dyslipidemia and 1984 patients (43.5%) were diagnosed with NAFLD. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (1219 [48.7%] vs. 605 [40.2%] vs. 189 [37.4%] vs. 45 [31.7%], p<0.001) and NALFD (1184 [48.1%] vs. 594 [40.7%] vs. 158 [31.7%] vs. 48 [34.0%], p<0.001). On multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders and dietary patterns, nut consumption ≥1time/day was inversely associated with NAFLD in the overall cohort (adjusted Odds ratio[aOR]: 0.719 [95%CI:0.558-0.926], p = 0.011). However, following subgroup analysis, this inverse association was only confirmed in male patients (aOR: 0.589 [95%CI: 0.411-0.844], p = 0.004) but not in females (aOR: 0.886 [95%CI: 0.616-1.275], p = 0.515). Moreover, patients who consumed nuts 1-6 times/week had a significantly lower prevalence of advanced fibrosis (Fib-4 score >2.67: aOR: 0.551 [95%CI: 0.338-0.898], p = 0.017; Forns-Index >6.9: aOR: 0.585 [95%CI: 0.402-0.850], p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Nut consumption might exert beneficial effects on the prevalence of NAFLD in males. The negative association with advanced fibrosis warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Semmler
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Oberndorf, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Bachmayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Oberndorf, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sarah Wernly
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Oberndorf, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Wernly
- Second Department of Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - David Niederseer
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Huber-Schönauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Oberndorf, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elmar Aigner
- First Department of Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Datz
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Oberndorf, Salzburg, Austria
- * E-mail:
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26
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Julibert A, Del Mar Bibiloni M, Gallardo-Alfaro L, Abbate M, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Fitó M, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, Lopez-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Cano-Ibañez N, Martín-Sánchez V, Pintó X, Gaforio JJ, Matía-Martín P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Ros E, Sayon-Orea C, Becerra-Tomás N, Gimenez-Alba IM, Castañer O, Abete I, Tojal-Sierra L, Pérez-López J, Notario-Barandiaran L, Colom A, Garcia-Rios A, Castro-Barquero S, Bernal R, Santos-Lozano JM, Fernández-Lázaro CI, Hernández-Alonso P, Saiz C, Zomeño MD, Zulet MA, Belló-Mora MC, Basterra-Gortari J, Canudas S, Goday A, Tur JA. Metabolic Syndrome Features and Excess Weight Were Inversely Associated with Nut Consumption after 1-Year Follow-Up in the PREDIMED-Plus Study. J Nutr 2020; 150:3161-3170. [PMID: 33300039 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High nut consumption has been previously associated with decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) regardless of race and dietary patterns. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess whether changes in nut consumption over a 1-y follow-up are associated with changes in features of MetS in a middle-aged and older Spanish population at high cardiovascular disease risk. METHODS This prospective 1-y follow-up cohort study, conducted in the framework of the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus randomized trial, included 5800 men and women (55-75 y old) with overweight/obesity [BMI (in kg/m2) ≥27 and <40] and MetS. Nut consumption (almonds, pistachios, walnuts, and other nuts) was assessed using data from a validated FFQ. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to 1 y in features of MetS [waist circumference (WC), glycemia, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure] and excess weight (body weight and BMI) according to tertiles of change in nut consumption. Secondary outcomes included changes in dietary and lifestyle characteristics. A generalized linear model was used to compare 1-y changes in features of MetS, weight, dietary intakes, and lifestyle characteristics across tertiles of change in nut consumption. RESULTS As nut consumption increased, between each tertile there was a significant decrease in WC, TG, systolic blood pressure, weight, and BMI (P < 0.05), and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (only in women, P = 0.044). The interaction effect between time and group was significant for total energy intake (P < 0.001), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) (P < 0.001), and nut consumption (P < 0.001). Across tertiles of increasing nut consumption there was a significant increase in extra virgin olive oil intake and adherence to the MedDiet; change in energy intake, on the other hand, was inversely related to consumption of nuts. CONCLUSIONS Features of MetS and excess weight were inversely associated with nut consumption after a 1-y follow-up in the PREDIMED-Plus study cohort. This trial was registered at isrctn.com as ISRCTN89898870.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Julibert
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Bibiloni
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Laura Gallardo-Alfaro
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuela Abbate
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Á Martínez-González
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Pere Virgili Medical Research Institute (IISPV), Sant Joan University Hospital, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Cardiometabolics Nutrition Program, Madrid Institute for Advanced Research (IMDEA) Food, Excellence International Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid and Higher Council of Scientific Research (CEI UAM + CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ángel M Alonso-Gómez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, OSI ARABA, University Hospital Araba, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Alicante Health and Biomedical Research Institute and Miguel Hernández University (ISABIAL-UMH),Alicante, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Lopez-Miranda
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Clinic Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Sevilla Primary Health Care District, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Naomi Cano-Ibañez
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín-Sánchez
- CIBER Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Leon, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José J Gaforio
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Health Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, San Carlos Hospital Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Department of Endocrinology, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Clinic Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology, Jiménez-Díaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, Madrid Institute for Advanced Research (IMDEA) Food, Excellence International Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid and Higher Council of Scientific Research (CEI UAM + CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Clinic Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sayon-Orea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Health Service, Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Pere Virgili Medical Research Institute (IISPV), Sant Joan University Hospital, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Ignacio M Gimenez-Alba
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lucas Tojal-Sierra
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, OSI ARABA, University Hospital Araba, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jéssica Pérez-López
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Leyre Notario-Barandiaran
- Alicante Health and Biomedical Research Institute and Miguel Hernández University (ISABIAL-UMH),Alicante, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Colom
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Rios
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sara Castro-Barquero
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Clinic Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Bernal
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José M Santos-Lozano
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Sevilla Primary Health Care District, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesar I Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Hernández-Alonso
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Pere Virgili Medical Research Institute (IISPV), Sant Joan University Hospital, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Carmen Saiz
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria D Zomeño
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria A Zulet
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria C Belló-Mora
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, OSI ARABA, University Hospital Araba, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Javier Basterra-Gortari
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Health Service, Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Canudas
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Pere Virgili Medical Research Institute (IISPV), Sant Joan University Hospital, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Albert Goday
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Guo K, Jiang Y, Zhou Z, Li Y. RETRACTED: Nut consumption with risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 27:NP6-NP15. [PMID: 23928568 DOI: 10.1177/2047487313501120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of nuts was reported to be associated with risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the results were inconclusive. The aim of this study was to systematically examine longitudinal studies investigating nut intake in relation to risk of hypertension and T2DM. METHODS A systematic search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases to 31 March 2013 was performed. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also screened. Summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Q and I2 statistics were used to examine between-study heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of nine prospective cohort studies (three for hypertension and six for T2DM) were identified. Using random effects models, we found that based on the highest vs lowest analysis, nut consumption were inversely associated with risk of hypertension (SRR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.76-0.93, pheterogeneity = 0.831, I2 = 0%). Dose-response analyses indicated that nut consumption at more than two servings/wk, but not ne serving/wk, had a preventative role in the hypertension. In addition, nut consumption was not associated with risk of T2DM (SRRs = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.84-1.15; pheterogeneity = 0.008, I2 = 67.7%) on the basis of the highest vs lowest analysis. This null association was also shown in the dose-response analysis. CONCLUSION In our meta-analysis, nut consumption is found to be inversely associated with hypertension risk but is not associated with the risk of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yigang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Nut consumption in a representative survey of Australians: a secondary analysis of the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:3368-3378. [PMID: 32151295 PMCID: PMC7737041 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Nut consumption is associated with a range of health benefits. The current study aimed to examine nut consumption in the 2011–2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS) and to investigate associations between nut intake, nutrient intake and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Design: Secondary analysis of the 2011–2012 NNPAS. Usual consumption of nuts in the 2011–2012 NNPAS was determined, and nut consumption was compared with population recommendations of 30 g nuts per day. The relationship between nut consumption and intakes of key nutrients, anthropometric outcomes (weight, BMI and waist circumference) and blood pressure was examined using linear regression for participants aged over 18 years. Setting: Australia. Participants: Australians (2 years and older, n 12 153) participating in the representative 2011–2012 NNPAS. Results: Mean nut intake was 4·61 (95 % CI: 4·36, 4·86) g/d, with only 5·6 % of nut consumers consuming 30 g of nuts per day. Nut consumption was associated with significantly greater intakes of fibre, vitamin E, Fe, Mg and P. There was no association between nut consumption and body weight, BMI, waist circumference, or blood pressure. Conclusions: Exploration of nut consumption in a representative sample of Australians identified that nut intake does not meet recommendations. Higher nut consumption was not adversely associated with higher body weight, aligning with the current evidence base. Given the current levels of nut consumption in Australia, strategies to increase nut intake to recommended levels are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Coe
- British Nutrition Foundation London UK
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30
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Al Abdrabalnabi A, Rajaram S, Bitok E, Oda K, Beeson WL, Kaur A, Cofán M, Serra-Mir M, Roth I, Ros E, Sabaté J. Effects of Supplementing the Usual Diet with a Daily Dose of Walnuts for Two Years on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in an Elderly Cohort. Nutrients 2020; 12:E451. [PMID: 32053984 PMCID: PMC7071225 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence links nut consumption with an improved risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, long-term trials are lacking. We examined the effects of a daily dose of walnuts for two years on MetS in a large elderly cohort. A total of 698 healthy elderly participants were randomly assigned to either a walnut supplemented or a control diet. The participants in the walnut group were provided with packaged walnuts (1, 1.5, or 2 oz. or ~15% of energy) and asked to incorporate them into their daily habitual diet. The participants in the control group were asked to continue with their habitual diet and abstain from eating walnuts and other tree nuts. Intake of n-3 fatty acid supplements was not permitted in either group. Fasting blood chemistries, blood pressure, and anthropometric measurements were obtained at baseline and at the end of intervention. A total of 625 participants (67% women, mean age 69.1 y) completed this two-year study (90% retention rate). Triglycerides decreased in both walnut (-0.94 mg/dl) and control (-0.96 mg/dl) groups, with no significant between-group differences. There was a non-significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the walnut group (-1.30 and -0.71 mm Hg, respectively) and no change in the control group. Fasting blood glucose decreased by ~1 point in both the walnut and control groups. There were no significant between-group differences in the development or reversion of MetS. In conclusion, supplementing the diet of older adults with a daily dose of walnuts had no effect on MetS status or any of its components, although the walnut group tended to have lower blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Abdrabalnabi
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.R.); (K.O.); (W.L.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.R.); (K.O.); (W.L.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Edward Bitok
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Keiji Oda
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.R.); (K.O.); (W.L.B.); (A.K.)
| | - W. Lawrence Beeson
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.R.); (K.O.); (W.L.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.R.); (K.O.); (W.L.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Montserrat Cofán
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.S.-M.); (I.R.); (E.R.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Serra-Mir
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.S.-M.); (I.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Irene Roth
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.S.-M.); (I.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.S.-M.); (I.R.); (E.R.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.R.); (K.O.); (W.L.B.); (A.K.)
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Farhadnejad H, Darand M, Teymoori F, Asghari G, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. The association of Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet with metabolic healthy and metabolic unhealthy obesity phenotypes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18690. [PMID: 31822762 PMCID: PMC6904686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed at investigating the association between Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and odds of obesity phenotypes, is a cross sectional study conducted on 3218 Iranian overweight or obese participants (BMI >25 kg/m2), aged ≥20 years, who participated in the fourth phase (2009–2011) of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Using a valid and reliable food-frequency questionnaire, DASH diet scores between 8 and 40 points were determined. Obesity phenotypes including metabolic unhealthy obesity (MUHO) and metabolic healthy obesity (MHO) were defined using criteria of the Joint International statement(JIS) for metabolic syndrome. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) for obesity phenotypes according to the tertiles of the DASH diet. Mean ± SD age of participants (43.5% male) was 39.2 ± 9.5 years and median (25–75 interquartile range) DASH diet score was 24 (21–27); percentages of MHO and MUHO subjects were 33.4 and 66.6%, respectively. In the multivariable adjusted model, after controlling for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, smoking status, socioeconomic status, and energy intake, participants in the highest tertile of DASH diet had lower odds of MUHO (OR:0.79;95%CI:0.64–0.98), in comparison to those in the lowest one (P for trend = 0.040). Our findings indicate that adherence to DASH diet may be favourable in prevention of metabolic abnormalities in overweight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran
| | - Mina Darand
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golaleh Asghari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran
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32
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Kim Y, Keogh JB, Clifton PM. Does Nut Consumption Reduce Mortality and/or Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease? An Updated Review Based on Meta-Analyses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16244957. [PMID: 31817639 PMCID: PMC6950421 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim We aimed to determine if nut consumption decreases mortality and/or the risk of cardiometabolic diseases based on updated meta-analyses of epidemiological and intervention studies. Methods. An updated electronic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Cochrane Library databases for original meta-analyses to investigate the effects of nut consumption on cardiometabolic disease in humans. Results. Seven new meta-analyses were included in this updated review. Findings similar to our previous review were observed, showing that nut consumption significantly decreased cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (−19% to −25%; n = 4), coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality (−24% to −30%; n = 3), stroke mortality (−17% to −18%; n = 3), CVD incidence (−15% to −19 %; n = 4), CHD [or coronary artery disease (CAD)] incidence (−17% to −34%; n = 8), and stroke incidence (−10% to −11%; n = 6) comparing high with low categories of nut consumption. Fasting glucose levels (0.08 to 0.15 mmol/L; n = 6), total cholesterol (TC; 0.021 to 0.30 mmol/L; n = 10), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; 0.017 to 0.26 mmol/L; n = 10) were significantly decreased with nut consumption compared with control diets. Body weight and blood pressure were not significantly affected by nut consumption. Conclusion. Nut consumption appears to exert a protective effect on cardiometabolic disease, possibly through improved concentrations of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoona Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition/Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Jennifer B Keogh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, General Post Office Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Peter M Clifton
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, General Post Office Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8302-1357
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Mohammadifard N, Haghighatdoost F, Mansourian M, Hassannejhad R, Sadeghi M, Roohafza H, Sajjadi F, Maghroun M, Alikhasi H, Sarrafzadegan N. Long-term association of nut consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:972-982. [PMID: 31248717 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Long-term associations between nut consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors are not well known. We investigated the relationship between nut consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors including dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and obesity in a cohort of Iranian adults. METHODS AND RESULTS The study was conducted within the framework of the Isfahan Cohort Study on 1387 healthy participants. The participants were followed up for 12 years. A validated food frequency questionnaire was completed, and anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and fasting serum lipids and blood sugar were evaluated in three phases. Mixed-effects binary logistic regression was applied to examine the associations between nut consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors. The participants were classified according to the tertiles of nut consumption as cut-points, and associations were evaluated between the thirds of nut intake. Subjects in the last third were less likely to have hypercholesterolemia [OR (95% CI): 0.76 (0.60-0.97)], hypertriglyceridemia [OR (95% CI): 0.74 (0.58-0.93)], and obesity [OR (95% CI): 0.79 (0.50-0.98)] but more likely to have DM [OR (95% CI): 1.85 (1.27-2.68)] than those in the first third. However, after adjustment for various potential confounders, the associations remained significant only for obesity [OR (95% CI): 0.67 (0.48-0.94)] and DM [OR (95% CI): 2.23 (1.37-3.64)]. CONCLUSION After adjustment for potential confounders, we observed an inverse association for nut consumption and obesity but positive association for DM and nut intake. On the basis of our findings, it is suggested that incorporation of nuts into people's usual diet may have beneficial effects for individuals with lower risk such as subjects without DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Razieh Hassannejhad
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Roohafza
- Cardiac rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Sajjadi
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Maghroun
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hassan Alikhasi
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Rusu ME, Mocan A, Ferreira ICFR, Popa DS. Health Benefits of Nut Consumption in Middle-Aged and Elderly Population. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E302. [PMID: 31409026 PMCID: PMC6719153 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered the major risk factor for most chronic disorders. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are two major contributors for cellular senescence, downregulation of stress response pathways with a decrease of protective cellular activity and accumulation of cellular damage, leading in time to age-related diseases. This review investigated the most recent clinical trials and cohort studies published in the last ten years, which presented the influence of tree nut and peanut antioxidant diets in preventing or delaying age-related diseases in middle-aged and elderly subjects (≥55 years old). Tree nut and peanut ingestion has the possibility to influence blood lipid count, biochemical and anthropometric parameters, endothelial function and inflammatory biomarkers, thereby positively affecting cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality, cancers, and cognitive disorders, mainly through the nuts' healthy lipid profile and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of actions. Clinical evidence and scientific findings demonstrate the importance of diets characterized by a high intake of nuts and emphasize their potential in preventing age-related diseases, validating the addition of tree nuts and peanuts in the diet of older adults. Therefore, increased consumption of bioactive antioxidant compounds from nuts clearly impacts many risk factors related to aging and can extend health span and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Luliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Luliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Laboratory of Chromatography, ICHAT, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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35
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Jung JY, Park SK, Oh CM, Choi JM, Ryoo JH, Kim J, Kim MK. The association between metabolic syndrome and peanuts, pine nuts, almonds consumption: The Ansan and Ansung Study. Endocrine 2019; 65:270-277. [PMID: 31243651 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported an inverted relationship between nut consumption and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The present study investigated the incidental risk for MetS according to peanut, almond, and fine nut consumption in the Korean population. METHODS In a community-based Korean cohort, 5306 Korean adults were divided into four groups according to their peanut, almond, and fine nut intake (<1/month, 1/month-0.5/week, 0.5-1/week, and ≥1/week, in which one serving = 15 g) and were followed-up for 10 years. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) with confidence intervals (CI) for MetS in each study group. Age subgroup (≥50 or <50 years) analysis was also conducted. RESULTS The age and multivariable-adjusted HRs with 95% CIs for MetS showed a significant inverse dose-response relationship between peanut, almond, and fine nut intake and the incidence of MetS in men and women (multivariable-adjusted HRs [95% CI] in men; 0.91 [0.76-1.09] in 1/month-0.5/week, 1.03 [0.80-1.31] in 0.5-1/week, 0.72 [0.56-0.93] in ≥1/week and in women; 0.81 [0.65-1.003] in 1/month-0.5/week, 0.76 [0.54-1.07] in 0.5-1/week, 0.57 [0.41-0.79] ≥1/week)). Subgroup analysis showed a significant difference in middle-aged men (≥1/week) and old-aged women (≥0.5/week). CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggested that peanut, almond, and fine nut intake (≥15 g/week) may be inversely related to incidence risk of MetS in the Korean general population. Additionally, the association between nut consumption and MetS incidence risk may differ in sex and age subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Jung
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Keun Park
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong-Myung Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Ryoo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Reis BZ, Duarte GBS, Vargas-Mendez E, Ferreira LRP, Barbosa F, Cercato C, Rogero MM, Cozzolino SMF. Brazil nut intake increases circulating miR-454-3p and miR-584-5p in obese women. Nutr Res 2019; 67:40-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Witkowska AM, Waśkiewicz A, Zujko ME, Szcześniewska D, Śmigielski W, Stepaniak U, Pająk A, Drygas W. The Consumption of Nuts is Associated with Better Dietary and Lifestyle Patterns in Polish Adults: Results of WOBASZ and WOBASZ II Surveys. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1410. [PMID: 31234530 PMCID: PMC6627533 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the concept of the health benefits of synergistic dietary patterns as opposed to individual foods or food constituents has been developed. The aim of this study was to determine whether nut consumption is associated with healthier nutrition and lifestyle. The research was based on complete data obtained during two Polish National Multi-Centre Health Examination Surveys-WOBASZ (2003-2005) and WOBASZ II (2013-2014). Of the 12,946 participants who completed dietary assessments, 299 subjects reported consuming any quantity of whole nuts. A control group of 1184 non-nut consumers from both surveys was randomly selected for the study, with age, gender, study (WOBASZ, WOBASZ II), educational level, and season-related interactions taken into account. In this study, nut consumption was associated with favorable food and lifestyle choices, excluding smoking. Better dietary quality consisted of having a higher Healthy Diet Indicator score, an increased intake of polyphenols and antioxidants, lower intake of red meat, but higher of poultry and fruit, more frequent consumption of antiatherogenic food products, and less frequent consumption of processed meats. There was also greater interest in special diets, such as weight-loss diet. In addition, nut eaters were more physically active in their leisure time. While limited by 24-h recall of nut intake and possible misclassification of nut/non-nut consumer status, this research supports the synergistic health-promoting attitudes of those who were classified as nut consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Waśkiewicz
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata E Zujko
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Danuta Szcześniewska
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Witold Śmigielski
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Urszula Stepaniak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 20, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Pająk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 20, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Drygas
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Hallera 1, 90-001 Lodz, Poland.
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Long-term nuts intake and metabolic syndrome: A 13-year longitudinal population-based study. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:1246-1252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Loewe-Muñoz V, Balzarini M, Delard R. C, del Rio M. R, Álvarez C. A. Potential of southern Latin-American coastal areas for stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) cropping. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-019-00801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ghazzawi HA, Muhanad Akash KALI. Consumption practices, preferences and barriers of nuts intake amongst university of Jordan students. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zhang Y, Zhang DZ. Relationship Between Nut Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38:499-505. [PMID: 30716015 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1561341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Our aim was to examine the relationship between nut consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: The electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched up to November 2018 for observational studies on the relationship between nut consumption and MetS. The pooled relative risk (RR) of MetS for the highest versus lowest category of nut consumption, as well as their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: A total of 11 observational studies (6 cross-sectional and 5 prospective cohort studies), which involved a total of 89,224 participants, were identified for this meta-analysis. The overall multivariable adjusted RR showed that nut consumption was negatively associated with MetS (RR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76-0.92; p < 0.001). Of interest, subgroup analysis confirmed that such findings existed in tree nuts (RR = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94-1.00; p = 0.04), but not in peanuts (RR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.96-1.06; p = 0.68). Conclusions: The existing evidence suggested that nut consumption was negatively associated with MetS. However, such an inverse relationship only existed in tree nuts, not in peanuts. More well-designed studies with detailed specifications of nut varieties are needed to further elaborate the issues examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- a Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University , Changsha , Hunan Province , China
| | - Dian-Zhong Zhang
- b Center for Teaching and Research of Advanced Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan Province , China
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Hong MY, Groven S, Marx A, Rasmussen C, Beidler J. Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Hypolipidemic Effects of Mixed Nuts in Atherogenic Diet-Fed Rats. Molecules 2018; 23:E3126. [PMID: 30501043 PMCID: PMC6321097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nut consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Because most studies have administered single nut varieties, it is unknown whether mixed nuts will also reduce CVD risk. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of mixed nut and pistachio consumption on lipid profiles, glucose, inflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity in rats fed an atherogenic diet. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (21 days old) were assigned into three groups (n = 10) based on initial body weight and fed either an isocaloric control diet (no nuts), 8.1% pistachio diet (single nut), or 7.5% mixed nut diet (almonds, brazil nuts, cashews, macadamia nuts, peanuts, pecans, pistachios, and walnuts) for 8 weeks. Both pistachios and mixed nuts significantly decreased triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05) compared with controls. Both nut groups exhibited reductions in C-reactive protein (p = 0.045) and oxidative stress (p = 0.004). The mixed nut group had greater superoxide dismutase (p = 0.004) and catalase (p = 0.044) and lower aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.048) activities. Gene expression for Fas, Hmgcr, and Cox2 was downregulated for both nut groups compared to controls (p < 0.05). In conclusion, mixed nuts and individual nut varieties have comparable effects on CVD risk factors in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Shauna Groven
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Amanda Marx
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Caitlin Rasmussen
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Joshua Beidler
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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Akhlaghi M, Ghobadi S, Zare M, Foshati S. Effect of nuts on energy intake, hunger, and fullness, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:84-93. [PMID: 30422677 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1514486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite high energy content, nut consumption has not been associated with weight gain in epidemiological and clinical investigations. Since a satiety effect a decreased sense of hunger in the following meals has been proposed as the mechanism of nuts against obesity, the present meta-analysis was performed to examine how nut consumption affects "energy intake", "hunger", and "fullness". "Weight" was not included among the search terms but weight data were extracted from the collected articles in order to help interpreting the results. A total of 1048 trials were found, of which 31 passed the eligibility process. Daily energy intake was mostly assessed by 3-day food records, and hunger and fullness were estimated by visual analog scale (VAS). Nut consumption was associated with increased energy intake (mean difference (MD) (nuts - control) = 76.3 kcal; 95% CI: 22.7, 130 kcal; P = 0.005). In contrast, hunger suppressed following nut consumption (MD = -6.54 mm VAS; 95% CI: -12.7, -0.42 mm VAS; P = 0.03). Nuts did not affect sense of fullness and weight in the overall estimate. Subgroup analysis based on participants' BMI revealed that energy intake of overweight/obese individuals was increased following nut consumption while such effect was not observed in normal weight participants. In conclusion, pooled estimates of available clinical trials showed increased energy intake following nut consumption in overweight/obese individuals but not in persons with normal weight. Nut consumption was associated with decreased hunger but no effect was observed on fullness and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghobadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Morteza Zare
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sahar Foshati
- Department of Clinical Nutrition School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Rabadán A, Pardo JE, Pardo-Giménez A, Álvarez-Ortí M. Effect of genotype and crop year on the nutritional value of walnut virgin oil and defatted flour. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:1092-1099. [PMID: 29660865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study analyses the health-promoting compounds of walnut oil and walnut defatted flour obtained using hydraulic pressing. To identify the cultivar effect, nine walnut varieties were harvested in the same plot for two years to control environmental and agricultural management effects on kernel chemical traits. Beyond the variability reported in the products obtained from the different cultivars analysed, the crop year showed a crucial effect in the nutritional value of walnut products. Specifically, the variability caused for the crop year in the concentration of oleic and linoleic acids, phytosterols, polyphenols, tocopherols, proteins and essential minerals (K, Mg, P, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni) was greater that the reported for the genotype. These findings suggest that the nutritional value of walnut oil and walnut flour depends on the crop season largely than expected, even when average annual weather conditions are similar. As a result, focus must change in the study of cultivar effect on walnut products to a wider analysis of specific variables related to crop year conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Rabadán
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, Albacete, Spain.
| | - José E Pardo
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, Albacete, Spain
| | - Arturo Pardo-Giménez
- Mushroom Research, Experimentation and Service Centre, Quintanar del Rey, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Manuel Álvarez-Ortí
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, Albacete, Spain
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45
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Nutraceutical potential of Corylus avellana daily supplements for obesity and related dysmetabolism. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Mitchell EA, Stewart AW, Braithwaite I, Murphy R, Hancox RJ, Wall C, Beasley R. Factors associated with body mass index in children and adolescents: An international cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196221. [PMID: 29718950 PMCID: PMC5931641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood has implications for their future health. There are many potential contributors to overweight and obesity in childhood. The aim was to investigate the association between postulated risk factors and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents. METHODS Secondary analysis of data from a multi-centre, multi-country, cross-sectional study (ISAAC Phase Three). Parents/guardians of children aged 6-7 years completed a questionnaire about their child's current height and weight, and the postulated risk factors. Adolescents aged 13-14 years reported their own height and weight and answered questions about the postulated risk factors. A general linear mixed model was used to determine the association between BMI and the postulated risk factors. Imputation was used if there were missing responses for 3 or fewer explanatory variables. RESULTS 65,721 children (27 centres, 15 countries) and 189,282 adolescents (70 centres, 35 countries) were included in the final analyses. Many statistically significant associations were identified, although for most variables the effect sizes were small. In children birth weight (for each kg increase in birth weight the BMI increased by +0.43 kg/m2, p<0.001), television viewing (5+ hours/day +0.33 kg/m2 vs. <1 hour/day, p<0.001), fast food (≥3 times/week +0.16 kg/m2 vs. never, p<0.001) vigorous physical activity (3+ hours/week 0.071 kg/m2 vs. never, p = 0.023) and maternal smoking in the first year of life (+0.13 kg/m2, p<0.001) were associated with a higher BMI in the adjusted model. Nut consumption (≥3 times/week -0.11 kg/m2 vs. never, p = 0.002) was associated with a lower BMI. Early life exposures (antibiotics, paracetamol and breast feeding) were also associated with BMI. For adolescents statistically significant associations with BMI and were seen with maternal smoking (+0.25 kg/m2, p<0.001), television viewing (5+ hours/day +0.23 kg/m2 vs. <1 hour/day, p<0.001), fast food (≥3 times/week -0.19 kg/m2 vs. never, p<0.001), vigorous physical activity (3+ hours/week 0.047 kg/m2 vs. never, p<0.001) and nuts (≥3 times/week -0.22 kg/m2 vs. never, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although several early life exposures were associated with small differences in BMI, most effect sizes were small. Larger effect sizes were seen with current maternal smoking, television viewing (both with higher BMI) and frequent nut consumption (lower BMI) in both children and adolescents, suggesting that current behaviours are more important than early exposures. Although many variables may influence BMI in childhood, the putative factors studied are not of sufficient magnitude to support major public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin A. Mitchell
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair W. Stewart
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Rinki Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert J. Hancox
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Clare Wall
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
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Rusu ME, Gheldiu AM, Mocan A, Vlase L, Popa DS. Anti-aging potential of tree nuts with a focus on the phytochemical composition, molecular mechanisms and thermal stability of major bioactive compounds. Food Funct 2018; 9:2554-2575. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01967j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tree nuts, complete functional foods, contain macro- and micronutrients of high biological value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Cluj-Napoca 400012
- Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Gheldiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Cluj-Napoca 400012
- Romania
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Cluj-Napoca 400012
- Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Cluj-Napoca 400012
- Romania
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Cluj-Napoca 400012
- Romania
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Neale EP, Tapsell LC, Guan V, Batterham MJ. The effect of nut consumption on markers of inflammation and endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016863. [PMID: 29170286 PMCID: PMC5719316 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of nut consumption on inflammatory biomarkers and endothelial function. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (all years to 13 January 2017). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (with a duration of 3 weeks or more) or prospective cohort designs conducted in adults; studies assessing the effect of consumption of tree nuts or peanuts on C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion protein 1 and flow-mediated dilation (FMD). DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS Relevant data were extracted for summary tables and analyses by two independent researchers. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to explore weighted mean differences (WMD) in change or final mean values for each outcome. RESULTS A total of 32 studies (all randomised controlled trials) were included in the review. The effect of nut consumption on FMD was explored in nine strata from eight studies (involving 652 participants), with consumption of nuts resulting in significant improvements in FMD (WMD: 0.79%(95% CI 0.35 to 1.23)). Nut consumption resulted in small, non-significant differences in CRP (WMD: -0.01 mg/L (95% CI -0.06 to 0.03)) (26 strata from 25 studies), although sensitivity analyses suggest results for CRP may have been influenced by two individual studies. Small, non-significant differences were also found for other biomarkers of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of nut consumption on inflammation and endothelial function found evidence for favourable effects on FMD, a measure of endothelial function. Non-significant changes in other biomarkers indicate a lack of consistent evidence for effects of nut consumption on inflammation. The findings of this analysis suggest a need for more research in this area, with a particular focus on randomised controlled trials. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016045424.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P Neale
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Linda C Tapsell
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Vivienne Guan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Marijka J Batterham
- Statistical Consulting Service, School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Liu Y, Hwang HJ, Ryu H, Lee YS, Kim HS, Park H. The effects of daily intake timing of almond on the body composition and blood lipid profile of healthy adults. Nutr Res Pract 2017; 11:479-486. [PMID: 29209458 PMCID: PMC5712498 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.6.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Timing of almond intake during a day may result differently in the perspectives of body composition and changes of lipid profile. The current study was conducted to compare the effects of daily almond intake as a preload versus as a snack on body composition, blood lipid profile, and oxidative and inflammation indicators among young Korean adults aged 20-39 years old. SUBJECTS/METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a pre-meal almond group (PM), a snack almond group (SN) in which participants were instructed to consume 56 g of almonds either as a preload before meals or as a snack between meals, respectively, and a control group (CL) in which participants were provided high-carbohydrate iso-caloric control food. Measurements were performed at baseline, weeks 8 and 16. RESULTS A total of 169 (M 77/F 92) out of the 227 participants completed the study between June 2014 and June 2015 (n = 58 for PM; 55 for SN; and 56 for CL). A significant decrease in body fat mass was observed in the PM group at both weeks 8 and 16 compared with the CL. There were significant intervention effects on changes of body fat mass (P = 0.025), body fat percentages (P = 0.019), and visceral fat levels (P < 0.001). Consuming almonds as a daily snack reduced the levels of total cholesterol (P = 0.043) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P = 0.011) without changing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol compared with the CL. CONCLUSION Almond consumption as a preload modified body fat percentages, whereas snacking on almonds between meals improved blood lipid profiles. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03014531.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-Dong 2-Ka, Yongsan-Ku, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Hwang
- ICAN Nutrition Education and Research, 20, Gukjegeumyung-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07327, Korea
| | - Hyesook Ryu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sangji University, Gangwon 26339, Korea
| | - You-Suk Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi 13120, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-Dong 2-Ka, Yongsan-Ku, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Park
- ICAN Nutrition Education and Research, 20, Gukjegeumyung-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07327, Korea
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