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Bo Y, Lu Q, Li B, Sha R, Yu H, Miao C. The role of platelets in central hubs of inflammation: A literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38115. [PMID: 38728509 PMCID: PMC11081549 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets are increasingly recognized for their multifaceted roles in inflammation beyond their traditional involvement in haemostasis. This review consolidates knowledge on platelets as critical players in inflammatory responses. This study did an extensive search of electronic databases and identified studies on platelets in inflammation, focusing on molecular mechanisms, cell interactions, and clinical implications, emphasizing recent publications. Platelets contribute to inflammation via surface receptors, release of mediators, and participation in neutrophil extracellular trap formation. They are implicated in diseases like atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and sepsis, highlighting their interaction with immune cells as pivotal in the onset and resolution of inflammation. Platelets are central to regulating inflammation, offering new therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases. Future research should explore specific molecular pathways of platelets in inflammation for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bo
- College of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qingyang Lu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR of China
| | - Beilei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren Sha
- School of Economics and Management, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Haodong Yu
- School of Economic Crime Investigation, Jiangxi Police Academy, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuhan Miao
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR of China
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2
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Bollig KJ, Senapati S, Takacs P, Robins JC, Haisenleder DJ, Beer LA, Speicher DW, Koelper NC, Barnhart KT. Evaluation of novel biomarkers for early pregnancy outcome prediction†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:548-557. [PMID: 38011676 PMCID: PMC10941089 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess performance and discriminatory capacity of commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of biomarkers for predicting first trimester pregnancy outcome in a multi-center cohort. DESIGN In a case-control study at three academic centers of women with pain and bleeding in early pregnancy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of biomarkers were screened for assay performance. Performance was assessed via functional sensitivity, assay reportable range, recovery/linearity, and intra-assay precision (%Coefficient of Variation). Top candidates were analyzed for discriminatory capacity for viability and location among 210 women with tubal ectopic pregnancy, viable intrauterine pregnancy, or miscarriage. Assay discrimination was assessed by visual plots, area under the curve with 95% confidence intervals, and measures of central tendency with two-sample t-tests. RESULTS Of 25 biomarkers evaluated, 22 demonstrated good or acceptable assay performance. Transgelin-2, oviductal glycoprotein, and integrin-linked kinase were rejected due to poor performance. The best biomarkers for discrimination of pregnancy location were pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 9, pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1, kisspeptin (KISS1), pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 3, and beta parvin (PARVB). The best biomarkers for discrimination of pregnancy viability were pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 9, pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 3, EH domain-containing protein 3, KISS1, WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 (HE4), quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 2, and pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1. CONCLUSION Performance of commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays was acceptable for a panel of novel biomarkers to predict early pregnancy outcome. Of these, six and seven candidates demonstrated good discriminatory capacity of pregnancy location and viability, respectively, when validated in a distinct external population. Four markers demonstrated good discrimination for both location and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassie J Bollig
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Suneeta Senapati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Takacs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Jared C Robins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel J Haisenleder
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Research in Reproduction, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lynn A Beer
- Center for Systems & Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David W Speicher
- Center for Systems & Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathanael C Koelper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt T Barnhart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Kashiwagi H, Mariya T, Umemoto M, Ogawa S, Hirohashi Y, Fujibe Y, Kubo T, Someya M, Baba T, Ishioka S, Torigoe T, Saito T. Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 6 is a potential novel diagnostic biomarker of placenta accreta spectrum. Med Mol Morphol 2024; 57:35-44. [PMID: 37831187 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-023-00371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis is essential for the safer perinatal management of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). We used transcriptome analysis to investigate diagnostic maternal serum biomarkers and the mechanisms of PAS development. We analyzed eight formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded placental specimens from two placenta increta and three placenta percreta cases who underwent cesarean hysterectomy at Sapporo Medical University Hospital between 2013 and 2019. Invaded placental regions were isolated from the uterine myometrium and RNA was extracted. The transcriptome difference between normal placenta and PAS was analyzed by microarray analysis. The PAS group showed markedly decreased expression of placenta-specific genes such as LGALS13 and the pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein (PSG) family. Term enrichment analysis revealed changes in genes related to cellular protein catabolic process, female pregnancy, autophagy, and metabolism of lipids. From the highly dysregulated genes in the PAS group, we investigated the expression of PSG family members, which are secreted into the intervillous space and can be detected in maternal serum from the early stage of pregnancy. The gene expression level of PSG6 in particular was progressively decreased from placenta increta to percreta. The PSG family, especially PSG6, is a potential biomarker for PAS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazuki Kashiwagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Tasuku Mariya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Mina Umemoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Shiori Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology 1st, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujibe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Terufumi Kubo
- Department of Pathology 1st, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Someya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ishioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology 1st, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
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4
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Troncoso MF, Elola MT, Blidner AG, Sarrias L, Espelt MV, Rabinovich GA. The universe of galectin-binding partners and their functions in health and disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105400. [PMID: 37898403 PMCID: PMC10696404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins, play key roles in diverse biological processes including tissue repair, adipogenesis, immune cell homeostasis, angiogenesis, and pathogen recognition. Dysregulation of galectins and their ligands has been observed in a wide range of pathologic conditions including cancer, autoimmune inflammation, infection, fibrosis, and metabolic disorders. Through protein-glycan or protein-protein interactions, these endogenous lectins can shape the initiation, perpetuation, and resolution of these processes, suggesting their potential roles in disease monitoring and treatment. However, despite considerable progress, a full understanding of the biology and therapeutic potential of galectins has not been reached due to their diversity, multiplicity of cell targets, and receptor promiscuity. In this article, we discuss the multiple galectin-binding partners present in different cell types, focusing on their contributions to selected physiologic and pathologic settings. Understanding the molecular bases of galectin-ligand interactions, particularly their glycan-dependency, the biochemical nature of selected receptors, and underlying signaling events, might contribute to designing rational therapeutic strategies to control a broad range of pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Troncoso
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ada G Blidner
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sarrias
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Espelt
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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5
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Zhao F, Tallarek AC, Wang Y, Xie Y, Diemert A, Lu-Culligan A, Vijayakumar P, Kittmann E, Urbschat C, Bayo J, Arck PC, Farhadian SF, Dveksler GS, Garcia MG, Blois SM. A unique maternal and placental galectin signature upon SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests galectin-1 as a key alarmin at the maternal-fetal interface. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196395. [PMID: 37475853 PMCID: PMC10354452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic imposed a risk of infection and disease in pregnant women and neonates. Successful pregnancy requires a fine-tuned regulation of the maternal immune system to accommodate the growing fetus and to protect the mother from infection. Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, modulate immune and inflammatory processes and have been recognized as critical factors in reproductive orchestration, including maternal immune adaptation in pregnancy. Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 (PSG1) is a recently identified gal-1 ligand at the maternal-fetal interface, which may facilitate a successful pregnancy. Several studies suggest that galectins are involved in the immune response in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. However, the galectins and PSG1 signature upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination during pregnancy remain unclear. In the present study, we examined the maternal circulating levels of galectins (gal-1, gal-3, gal-7, and gal-9) and PSG1 in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 before vaccination or uninfected women who were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 and correlated their expression with different pregnancy parameters. SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination during pregnancy provoked an increase in maternal gal-1 circulating levels. On the other hand, levels of PSG1 were only augmented upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. A healthy pregnancy is associated with a positive correlation between gal-1 concentrations and gal-3 or gal-9; however, no correlation was observed between these lectins during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Transcriptome analysis of the placenta showed that gal-1, gal-3, and several PSG and glycoenzymes responsible for the synthesis of gal-1-binding glycotopes (such as linkage-specific N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferases (MGATs)) are upregulated in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. Collectively, our findings identify a dynamically regulated "galectin-specific signature" that accompanies the SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in pregnancy, and they highlight a potentially significant role for gal-1 as a key pregnancy protective alarmin during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqi Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Tallarek
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yiran Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Diemert
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alice Lu-Culligan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Pavithra Vijayakumar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Enrico Kittmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Urbschat
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juan Bayo
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Petra C. Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shelli F. Farhadian
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gabriela S. Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mariana G. Garcia
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra M. Blois
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Zhang H, Alarcon C, Cavallari LH, Nutescu E, Carvill GL, Perera MA, Hernandez W. Genomewide Association Study Identifies Copy Number Variants Associated With Warfarin Dose Response and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in African Americans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 113:624-633. [PMID: 36507737 PMCID: PMC11238476 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The anticoagulant warfarin is commonly used to control and prevent thrombotic disorders, such as venous thromboembolism (VTE), which disproportionately afflicts African Americans. Despite the importance of copy number variants (CNVs), few studies have focused on characterizing and understanding their role in drug response and disease risk among African Americans. In this study, we conduct the first genome-wide analysis of CNVs to more comprehensively account for the contribution of genetic variation in warfarin dose requirement and VTE risk among African Americans. We used hidden Markov models to detect CNVs from high-throughput single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays for 340 African American participants in the International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium. We identified 11,570 CNVs resulting in 2,038 copy number variable regions (CNVRs) and found 3 CNVRs associated with warfarin dose requirement and 3 CNVRs associated with VTE risk in African Americans. CNVRs 1q31.2del and 6q14.1del were associated with increased warfarin dose requirement (β = 11.18 and 4.94, respectively; Pemp = < 0.002); CNVR 19p13.31del was associated with decreased warfarin dose requirement (β = -1.41, Pemp = 0.0004); CNVRs (2p22.1del and 5q35.1-q35.2del) were found to be associated with increased risk of VTE (odds ratios (ORs) = 1.88 and 14.9, respectively; Pemp ≤0.02); and CNVR 10q26.12del was associated with a decreased risk of VTE (OR = 0.6; Pemp = 0.05). Modeling of the 10q26.12del in HepG2 cells revealed that this deletion results in decreased fibrinogen gene expression, decreased fibrinogen and WDR11 protein levels, and decreased secretion of fibrinogen into the extracellular matrix. We found robust evidence that CNVRs could contribute to warfarin dose requirement and risk of VTE in African Americans and for 10q26.3del describe a possible pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cristina Alarcon
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Larisa H. Cavallari
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Edith Nutescu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gemma L. Carvill
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Minoli A. Perera
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wenndy Hernandez
- Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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7
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Kandel M, MacDonald TM, Walker SP, Cluver C, Bergman L, Myers J, Hastie R, Keenan E, Hannan NJ, Cannon P, Nguyen TV, Pritchard N, Tong S, Kaitu'u-Lino TJ. PSG7 and 9 (Pregnancy-Specific β-1 Glycoproteins 7 and 9): Novel Biomarkers for Preeclampsia. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024536. [PMID: 35322669 PMCID: PMC9075453 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia is pregnancy specific, involving significant maternal endothelial dysfunction. Predictive biomarkers are lacking. We evaluated the biomarker potential, expression, and function of PSG7 (pregnancy‐specific β‐1 glycoprotein 7) and PSG9 (pregnancy‐specific β‐1 glycoprotein 9) in preeclampsia. Methods and Results At 36 weeks gestation preceding term preeclampsia diagnosis, PSG7 and PSG9 (in Australian cohorts of n=918 and n=979, respectively) were significantly increased before the onset of term preeclampsia (PSG7, P=0.013; PSG9, P=0.0011). In samples collected at 28 to 32 weeks from those with preexisting cardiovascular disease and at high risk of preeclampsia (Manchester Antenatal Vascular Service, UK cohort, n=235), both PSG7 and PSG9 were also significantly increased preceding preeclampsia onset (PSG7, P<0.0001; PSG9, P=0.0003) relative to controls. These changes were validated in the plasma and placentas of patients with established preeclampsia who delivered at <34 weeks gestation (PSG7, P=0.0008; PSG9, P<0.0001). To examine whether PSG7 and PSG9 are associated with increasing disease severity, we measured them in a cohort from South Africa stratified for this outcome, the PROVE (Preeclampsia Obstetric Adverse Events) cohort (n=72). PSG7 (P=0.0027) and PSG9 (P=0.0028) were elevated among patients who were preeclamptic with severe features (PROVE cohort), but not significantly changed in those without severe features or with eclampsia. In syncytialized first trimester cytotrophoblast stem cells, exposure to TNFα (tumor necrosis factor α) or IL‐6 (interleukin 6) significantly increased the expression and secretion of PSG7 and PSG9. In contrast, when we treated primary endothelial cells with recombinant PSG7 and PSG9, we only observed modest changes in Flt‐1 (FMS‐like tyrosine kinase‐1) expression and Plgf (placental growth factor) expression, and no other effects on proangiogenic/antiangiogenic or endothelial dysfunction markers were observed. Conclusions Circulating PSG7 and PSG9 are increased before preeclampsia onset and among those with established disease with their production and release potentially driven by placental inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Kandel
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Teresa M MacDonald
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Mercy PerinatalMercy Hospital for Women Victoria Australia
| | - Susan P Walker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Mercy PerinatalMercy Hospital for Women Victoria Australia
| | - Catherine Cluver
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Mercy PerinatalMercy Hospital for Women Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa
| | - Lina Bergman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa.,Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of clinical sciencesSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Jenny Myers
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreSt Mary's Hospital Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Roxanne Hastie
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Emerson Keenan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Natalie J Hannan
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Mercy PerinatalMercy Hospital for Women Victoria Australia
| | - Ping Cannon
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Tuong-Vi Nguyen
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Natasha Pritchard
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Mercy PerinatalMercy Hospital for Women Victoria Australia
| | - Stephen Tong
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Mercy PerinatalMercy Hospital for Women Victoria Australia
| | - Tu'uhevaha J Kaitu'u-Lino
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Mercy PerinatalMercy Hospital for Women Victoria Australia
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8
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Menkhorst E, Than NG, Jeschke U, Barrientos G, Szereday L, Dveksler G, Blois SM. Medawar's PostEra: Galectins Emerged as Key Players During Fetal-Maternal Glycoimmune Adaptation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:784473. [PMID: 34975875 PMCID: PMC8715898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin-glycan interactions, in particular those mediated by the galectin family, regulate many processes required for a successful pregnancy. Over the past decades, increasing evidence gathered from in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that members of the galectin family specifically bind to both intracellular and membrane bound carbohydrate ligands regulating angiogenesis, immune-cell adaptations required to tolerate the fetal semi-allograft and mammalian embryogenesis. Therefore, galectins play important roles in fetal development and placentation contributing to maternal and fetal health. This review discusses the expression and role of galectins during the course of pregnancy, with an emphasis on maternal immune adaptions and galectin-glycan interactions uncovered in the recent years. In addition, we summarize the galectin fingerprints associated with pathological gestation with particular focus on preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Menkhorst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Gynaecological Research Centre, The Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enyzmology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Alemán-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laszlo Szereday
- Medical School, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Zambuto SG, Rattila S, Dveksler G, Harley BAC. Effects of Pregnancy-Specific Glycoproteins on Trophoblast Motility in Three-Dimensional Gelatin Hydrogels. Cell Mol Bioeng 2022; 15:175-191. [PMID: 35401843 PMCID: PMC8938592 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trophoblast invasion is a complex biological process necessary for establishment of pregnancy; however, much remains unknown regarding what signaling factors coordinate the extent of invasion. Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are some of the most abundant circulating trophoblastic proteins in maternal blood during human pregnancy, with maternal serum concentrations rising to as high as 200-400 μg/mL at term. Methods Here, we employ three-dimensional (3D) trophoblast motility assays consisting of trophoblast spheroids encapsulated in 3D gelatin hydrogels to quantify trophoblast outgrowth area, viability, and cytotoxicity in the presence of PSG1 and PSG9 as well as epidermal growth factor and Nodal. Results We show PSG9 reduces trophoblast motility whereas PSG1 increases motility. Further, we assess bulk nascent protein production by encapsulated spheroids to highlight the potential of this approach to assess trophoblast response (motility, remodeling) to soluble factors and extracellular matrix cues. Conclusions Such models provide an important platform to develop a deeper understanding of early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha G. Zambuto
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Shemona Rattila
- grid.265436.00000 0001 0421 5525Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- grid.265436.00000 0001 0421 5525Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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10
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Forstner D, Guettler J, Gauster M. Changes in Maternal Platelet Physiology during Gestation and Their Interaction with Trophoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910732. [PMID: 34639070 PMCID: PMC8509324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon activation, maternal platelets provide a source of proinflammatory mediators in the intervillous space of the placenta. Therefore, platelet-derived factors may interfere with different trophoblast subtypes of the developing human placenta and might cause altered hormone secretion and placental dysfunction later on in pregnancy. Increased platelet activation, and the subsequent occurrence of placental fibrinoid deposition, are linked to placenta pathologies such as preeclampsia. The composition and release of platelet-derived factors change over gestation and provide a potential source of predicting biomarkers for the developing fetus and the mother. This review indicates possible mechanisms of platelet-trophoblast interactions and discusses the effect of increased platelet activation on placenta development.
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11
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Rattila S, Kleefeldt F, Ballesteros A, Beltrame JS, L Ribeiro M, Ergün S, Dveksler G. Pro-angiogenic effects of pregnancy-specific glycoproteins in endothelial and extravillous trophoblast cells. Reproduction 2021; 160:737-750. [PMID: 33065549 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that binding to heparan sulfate (HS) is required for the ability of the placentally secreted pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 (PSG1) to induce endothelial tubulogenesis. PSG1 is composed of four immunoglobulin-like domains but which domains of the protein bind to HS remains unknown. To analyze the interaction of PSG1 with HS, we generated several recombinant proteins, including the individual domains, chimeric proteins between two PSG1 domains, and mutants. Using flow cytometric and surface plasmon resonance studies, we determined that the B2 domain of PSG1 binds to HS and that the positively charged amino acids encompassed between amino acids 43-59 are required for this interaction. Furthermore, we showed that the B2 domain of PSG1 is required for the increase in the formation of tubes by endothelial cells (EC) including a human endometrial EC line and two extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell lines and for the pro-angiogenic activity of PSG1 observed in an aortic ring assay. PSG1 enhanced the migration of ECs while it increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in EVTs, indicating that the pro-angiogenic effect of PSG1 on these two cell types may be mediated by different mechanisms. Despite differences in amino acid sequence, we observed that all human PSGs bound to HS proteoglycans and confirmed that at least two other members of the family, PSG6 and PSG9, induce tube formation. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the pro-angiogenic activity of human PSGs and strongly suggest conservation of this function among all PSG family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shemona Rattila
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Florian Kleefeldt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Ballesteros
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jimena S Beltrame
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of Reproduction, Centre for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CONICET - School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria L Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of Reproduction, Centre for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CONICET - School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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12
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Jeong DS, Kim MH, Lee J. Depletion of CTCF disrupts PSG gene expression in the human trophoblast cell line Swan 71. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:804-812. [PMID: 33452729 PMCID: PMC7931220 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy‐specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are fetal proteins secreted by the placenta during pregnancy. The PSG level in maternal serum is an indicator of risk for pregnancy complications. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying PSG gene expression. Recently, the importance of epigenetic regulation of placental genes has been emphasized in the study of developmental defects and placental disease. In this study, the role of the CCCTC‐binding factor (CTCF) in regulation of PSG expression was investigated to better understand the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of the PSG genes. Inhibition of CTCF expression disturbed transcription of several PSG genes: PSG1, PSG2, PSG4, PSG5, PSG8, and PSG9 were upregulated and PSG6 and PSG11 were downregulated. These transcriptional changes were correlated with decreased CTCF binding and changes in histone modification at the PSG promoters. Our data demonstrate that CTCF is a potential mediator in the regulation of PSG gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Jeong
- Department of AnatomyEmbryology LaboratoryYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS project for Medical ScienceYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Myoung Hee Kim
- Department of AnatomyEmbryology LaboratoryYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS project for Medical ScienceYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Ji‐Yeon Lee
- Department of AnatomyEmbryology LaboratoryYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
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13
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Zimmermann W, Kammerer R. The immune-modulating pregnancy-specific glycoproteins evolve rapidly and their presence correlates with hemochorial placentation in primates. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:128. [PMID: 33602137 PMCID: PMC7893922 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG) genes belong to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family, within the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. In humans, 10 PSG genes encode closely related secreted glycoproteins. They are exclusively expressed in fetal syncytiotrophoblast cells and represent the most abundant fetal proteins in the maternal blood. In recent years, a role in modulation of the maternal immune system possibly to avoid rejection of the semiallogeneic fetus and to facilitate access of trophoblast cells to maternal resources via the blood system has been suggested. Alternatively, they could serve as soluble pathogen decoy receptors like other members of the CEA family. Despite their clearly different domain organization, similar functional properties have also been observed for murine and bat PSG. As these species share a hemochorial type of placentation and a seemingly convergent formation of PSG genes during evolution, we hypothesized that hemochorial placentae support the evolution of PSG gene families. Results To strengthen this hypothesis, we have analyzed PSG genes in 57 primate species which exhibit hemochorial or epitheliochorial placentation. In nearly all analyzed apes some 10 PSG genes each could be retrieved from genomic databases, while 6 to 24 PSG genes were found in Old World monkey genomes. Surprisingly, only 1 to 7 PSG genes could be identified in New World monkeys. Interestingly, no PSG genes were found in more distantly related primates with epitheliochorial placentae like lemurs and lorises. The exons encoding the putative receptor-binding domains exhibit strong selection for diversification in most primate PSG as revealed by rapid loss of orthologous relationship during evolution and high ratios of nonsynonymous and synonymous mutations. Conclusion The distribution of trophoblast-specific PSGs in primates and their pattern of selection supports the hypothesis that PSG are still evolving to optimize fetal-maternal or putative pathogen interactions in mammals with intimate contact of fetal cells with the immune system of the mother like in hemochorial placentation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07413-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, LIFE Center, Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.
| | - Robert Kammerer
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
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14
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Mészáros B, Sámano-Sánchez H, Alvarado-Valverde J, Čalyševa J, Martínez-Pérez E, Alves R, Shields DC, Kumar M, Rippmann F, Chemes LB, Gibson TJ. Short linear motif candidates in the cell entry system used by SARS-CoV-2 and their potential therapeutic implications. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabd0334. [PMID: 33436497 PMCID: PMC7928535 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abd0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The first reported receptor for SARS-CoV-2 on host cells was the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). However, the viral spike protein also has an RGD motif, suggesting that cell surface integrins may be co-receptors. We examined the sequences of ACE2 and integrins with the Eukaryotic Linear Motif (ELM) resource and identified candidate short linear motifs (SLiMs) in their short, unstructured, cytosolic tails with potential roles in endocytosis, membrane dynamics, autophagy, cytoskeleton, and cell signaling. These SLiM candidates are highly conserved in vertebrates and may interact with the μ2 subunit of the endocytosis-associated AP2 adaptor complex, as well as with various protein domains (namely, I-BAR, LC3, PDZ, PTB, and SH2) found in human signaling and regulatory proteins. Several motifs overlap in the tail sequences, suggesting that they may act as molecular switches, such as in response to tyrosine phosphorylation status. Candidate LC3-interacting region (LIR) motifs are present in the tails of integrin β3 and ACE2, suggesting that these proteins could directly recruit autophagy components. Our findings identify several molecular links and testable hypotheses that could uncover mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 attachment, entry, and replication against which it may be possible to develop host-directed therapies that dampen viral infection and disease progression. Several of these SLiMs have now been validated to mediate the predicted peptide interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Mészáros
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.
| | - Hugo Sámano-Sánchez
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Jesús Alvarado-Valverde
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences
| | - Jelena Čalyševa
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences
| | - Elizabeth Martínez-Pérez
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
- Laboratorio de bioinformática estructural, Fundación Instituto Leloir, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Renato Alves
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Denis C Shields
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Manjeet Kumar
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.
| | - Friedrich Rippmann
- Computational Chemistry & Biology, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lucía B Chemes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde", IIB-UNSAM, IIBIO-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, CP1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Toby J Gibson
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.
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15
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Whole exome sequencing and establishment of an organoid culture of the carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) of the parotid gland. Virchows Arch 2021; 478:1149-1159. [PMID: 33415446 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) is a rare tumor, especially in the parotid gland. We encountered a CASTLE of the parotid gland and analyzed its clinicopathological features, as well as the genotype using whole exome sequencing (WES). Moreover, we successfully established an organoid culture cell line from the primary tumor tissue. The patient was a 23-year-old woman who underwent superficial parotidectomy with peripheral neck dissection, followed by radiotherapy. Pathologically, the resected specimen showed atypical epithelioid nests and trabeculae with squamous differentiation, separated by thick fibrous septa, accompanied by dense lymphocytes and plasma cell infiltration. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for AE1/AE3, p40, p63, p16, CK5/6, and CD5, and the background lymphocytes were positive for CD5 and CD99. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as CASTLE. WES uncovered five nonsynonymous and splicing somatic mutations, namely, FREM2 p.Val861Phe, CLK3 p.Phe376Leu, DLGAP1 p.Lys294Asn, NOX1 p.Val165Met, and PSG9 c.430 + 4A > T. Organoid culture cells preserved the histopathological characteristics of the epithelioid component of CASTLE and harbored all five somatic mutations detected in the primary tumor. In conclusion, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, we successfully analyzed a comprehensive genotype and established an organoid culture cell line of a parotid gland CASTLE, which should serve for analyzing the nature of this rare tumor.
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16
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Abu-Raya B, Michalski C, Sadarangani M, Lavoie PM. Maternal Immunological Adaptation During Normal Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575197. [PMID: 33133091 PMCID: PMC7579415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk and severity of specific infections are increased during pregnancy due to a combination of physiological and immunological changes. Characterizing the maternal immune system during pregnancy is important to understand how the maternal immune system maintains tolerance towards the allogeneic fetus. This may also inform strategies to prevent maternal fatalities due to infections and optimize maternal vaccination to best protect the mother-fetus dyad and the infant after birth. In this review, we describe what is known about the immunological changes that occur during a normal pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa Abu-Raya
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christina Michalski
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pascal M Lavoie
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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17
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Expression of Pregnancy Specific β-1 Glycoprotein 1 in Cervical Cancer Cells. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:504-514. [PMID: 32546445 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical Cancer (CC) is a worldwide public health concern associated with genetic alterations, among these the gain of the 19q chromosome harboring the Pregnancy Specific Glycoproteins (PSG) gene family. These proteins play a critical role in pregnancy, with participation in immunotolerance, angiogenesis, and invasion processes, which are also observed in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular alterations of PSG1 and its relationship with CC. METHODS PSG1 Copy Number Variation (CNV) was evaluated in 31 CC and eight normal cervical tissues by qPCR. PSG1 expression was correlated with HPV detection and IL-10 and TGF-β expression in CC samples. Finally, PSG1 protein expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence in CC cell lines, by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray, and by immunoblotting in the sera of women with normal cervix, pre-invasive lesions, and CC. RESULTS PSG1 showed a gain of 25.6% in CNV and gene expression in CC. There was a lack of PSG1 expression in normal cervical epithelium and positive immunostaining in 57% of CC tissues, while all CC cell lines expressed PSG1. Finally, PSG1 was immunodetected in 90% of pre-invasive lesions and in all CC serum samples, but not in healthy women. PSG1 expression correlates with the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β in CC tissues, but not with the presence of HPV. CONCLUSION These data show evidence of the differential expression of PSG1 in CC that could explain its participation in tumor-biology and immunotolerance mechanisms. Further, its immunodetection could provide early detection of this cancer.
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18
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Mendoza M, Lu D, Ballesteros A, Blois SM, Abernathy K, Feng C, Dimitroff CJ, Zmuda J, Panico M, Dell A, Vasta GR, Haslam SM, Dveksler G. Glycan characterization of pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 and its identification as a novel Galectin-1 ligand. Glycobiology 2020; 30:895-909. [PMID: 32280962 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein (PSG1) is secreted from trophoblast cells of the human placenta in increasing concentrations as pregnancy progresses, becoming one of the most abundant proteins in maternal serum in the third trimester. PSG1 has seven potential N-linked glycosylation sites across its four domains. We carried out glycomic and glycoproteomic studies to characterize the glycan composition of PSG1 purified from serum of pregnant women and identified the presence of complex N-glycans containing poly LacNAc epitopes with α2,3 sialyation at four sites. Using different techniques, we explored whether PSG1 can bind to galectin-1 (Gal-1) as these two proteins were previously shown to participate in processes required for a successful pregnancy. We confirmed that PSG1 binds to Gal-1 in a carbohydrate-dependent manner with an affinity of the interaction of 0.13 μM. In addition, we determined that out of the three N-glycosylation-carrying domains, only the N and A2 domains of recombinant PSG1 interact with Gal-1. Lastly, we observed that the interaction between PSG1 and Gal-1 protects this lectin from oxidative inactivation and that PSG1 competes the ability of Gal-1 to bind to some but not all of its glycoprotein ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Mendoza
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Dongli Lu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Angela Ballesteros
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Campus Buch, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kelsey Abernathy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St S, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Chiguang Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St S, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Charles J Dimitroff
- Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute, FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jonathan Zmuda
- Biosciences Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 7335 Executive Way, Frederick MD 21704, USA
| | - Maria Panico
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St S, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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19
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Interaction of Pregnancy-Specific Glycoprotein 1 With Integrin Α5β1 Is a Modulator of Extravillous Trophoblast Functions. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111369. [PMID: 31683744 PMCID: PMC6912793 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) serve immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic functions during pregnancy and are mainly expressed by syncytiotrophoblast cells. While PSG mRNA expression in extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) was reported, the proteins were not previously detected. By immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting, we show that PSGs are expressed by invasive EVTs and co-localize with integrin 5. In addition, we determined that native and recombinant PSG1, the most highly expressed member of the family, binds to 51 and induces the formation of focal adhesion structures resulting in adhesion of primary EVTs and EVT-like cell lines under 21% oxygen and 1% oxygen conditions. Furthermore, we found that PSG1 can simultaneously bind to heparan sulfate in the extracellular matrix and to 51 on the cell membrane. Wound healing assays and single-cell movement tracking showed that immobilized PSG1 enhances EVT migration. Although PSG1 did not affect EVT invasion in the in vitro assays employed, we found that the serum PSG1 concentration is lower in African-American women diagnosed with early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia, a pregnancy pathology characterized by shallow trophoblast invasion, than in their respective healthy controls only when the fetus was a male; therefore, the reduced expression of this molecule should be considered in the context of preeclampsia as a potential therapy.
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20
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Warren J, Im M, Ballesteros A, Ha C, Moore T, Lambert F, Lucas S, Hinz B, Dveksler G. Activation of latent transforming growth factor-β1, a conserved function for pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoproteins. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:602-612. [PMID: 30371828 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do all 10 human pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoproteins (PSGs) and murine PSG23 activate latent transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)? SUMMARY ANSWER All human PSGs and murine PSG23 activated latent TGF-β1. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Two of the 10 members of the PSG1 family, PSG1 and PSG9, were previously shown to activate the soluble small latent complex of TGF-β1, a cytokine with potent immune suppressive functions. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Recombinant PSGs were generated and tested for their ability to activate the small latent complex of TGF-β1 in a cell-free ELISA-based assay and in a bioassay. In addition, we tested the ability of PSG1 and PSG4 to activate latent TGF-β bound to the extracellular matrix (ECM) or on the membranes of the Jurkat human T-cell line. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Recombinant PSGs were generated by transient transfection and purified with a His-Trap column followed by gel filtration chromatography. The purified PSGs were compared to vehicle (PBS) used as control for their ability to activate the small latent complex of TGF-β1. The concentration of active TGF-β was measured in an ELISA using the TGF-β receptor II as capture and a bioassay using transformed mink epithelial cells that express luciferase in response to active TGF-β. The specificity of the signal was confirmed using a TGF-β receptor inhibitor. We also measured the binding kinetics of some human PSGs for the latent-associated peptide (LAP) of TGF-β using surface plasmon resonance and determined whether PSG1 and PSG4 could activate the large latent complex of TGF-β1 bound to the ECM and latent TGF-β1 bound to the cell membrane. All experiments were performed in triplicate wells and repeated three times. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE All human PSGs activated the small latent complex of TGF-β1 (P < 0.05 vs. control) and showed similar affinities (KD) for LAP. Despite the lack of sequence conservation with its human counterparts, the ability to activate latent TGF-β1 was shared by a member of the murine PSG family. We found that PSG1 and PSG4 activated the latent TGF-β stored in the ECM (P < 0.01) but did not activate latent TGF-β1 bound to glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) on the surface of Jurkat T cells. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The affinity of the interaction of LAP and PSGs was calculated using recombinant proteins, which may differ from the native proteins in their post-translational modifications. We also utilized a truncated form of murine PSG23 rather than the full-length protein. For the studies testing the ability of PSGs to activate membrane-bound TGF-β1, we utilized the T-cell line Jurkat and Jurkat cells expressing GARP rather than primary T regulatory cells. All the studies were performed in vitro. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Here, we show that all human PSGs activate TGF-β1 and that this function is conserved in at least one member of the rodent PSG family. In vivo PSGs could potentially increase the availability of active TGF-β1 from the soluble and matrix-bound latent forms of the cytokine contributing to the establishment of a tolerogenic environment during pregnancy. LARGE-SCALE DATA None. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The research was supported by a grant from the Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program (CHIRP). No conflicts of interests are declared by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Warren
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Im
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 150 College St., FG234, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Ballesteros
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS-NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cam Ha
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tom Moore
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fanny Lambert
- Institut de Duve, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75 - B1.74.04, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lucas
- Institut de Duve, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75 - B1.74.04, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 150 College St., FG234, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Novikova OA, Nazarkina ZK, Cherepanova AV, Laktionov PP, Chelobanov BP, Murashov IS, Deev RV, Pokushalov EA, Karpenko AA, Laktionov PP. Isolation, culturing and gene expression profiling of inner mass cells from stable and vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaques. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218892. [PMID: 31242269 PMCID: PMC6594632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The connective tissue components that form the atherosclerotic plaque body are produced by the plaque inner mass cells (PIMC), located inside the plaque. We report an approach to isolate and culture cells from the connective tissue of stable and vulnerable human atherosclerotic plaques based on elimination of non-connective tissue cells such as blood and non-plaque intima cells with a lysis buffer. The resulting plaque cells were characterized by growth capacity, morphology, transcriptome profiling and specific protein expression. Plaque cells slowly proliferated for up to three passages unaffected by the use of proliferation stimulants or changes of culture media composition. Stable plaques yielded more cells than vulnerable ones. Plaque cell cultures also contained several morphological cellular types. RNA-seq profiles of plaque cells were different from any of the cell types known to be involved in atherogenesis. The expression of the following proteins was observed in cultured plaque cells: smooth muscle cells marker α-SMA, macrophage marker CD14, extracellular matrix proteins aggrecan, fibronectin, neovascularisation markers VEGF-A, CD105, cellular adhesion receptor CD31 and progenitor/dedifferentiation receptor CD34. Differential expression of several notable transcripts in cells from stable and vulnerable plaques suggests the value of plaque cell culture studies for the search of plaque vulnerability markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Novikova
- “E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center”, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Zhanna K. Nazarkina
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna V. Cherepanova
- “E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center”, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Petr P. Laktionov
- Laboratory of Genomics, SB RAS Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Boris P. Chelobanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan S. Murashov
- “E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center”, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Evgeny A. Pokushalov
- “E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center”, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Karpenko
- “E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center”, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel P. Laktionov
- “E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center”, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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22
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Golla K, Stavropoulos I, Shields DC, Moran N. Peptides derived from cadherin juxtamembrane region inhibit platelet function. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172347. [PMID: 30473799 PMCID: PMC6227957 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The juxtamembrane domains (JMD) of transmembrane proteins are rich in critical peptide sequences that participate in dynamic cell signalling events. Synthetic JMD peptides derived from cadherin cell adhesion proteins have previously been shown to modulate platelet function. In this study, we aimed to develop functional bioactive agents from bioinformatically identified critical peptide sequences. We synthesized overlapping 12-15 amino acid peptides from E- and N-cadherin JMD and assessed their effect on platelet aggregation and platelet ATP secretion. Peptides derived from close to the membrane proximal region inhibit platelet function. Sequential deletion of amino acids from the N- and C-termini of the inhibitory E-cadherin peptides identified the short K756EPLLP763 motif as a critical bioactive sequence. Alanine scanning studies further identified that the di-leucine (LL) motif and positively charged lysine (K) are crucial for peptide activity. Moreover, scrambled peptides failed to show any effect on platelet activity. We conclude that peptides derived from JMD of E-cadherin provide potential lead peptides for the development of anti-thrombotic agents and to enable further understanding of the role of cadherins in platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Golla
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ilias Stavropoulos
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Denis C. Shields
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Moran
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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23
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Corrigendum. MAbs 2018; 10:944. [DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1480579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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24
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Yang L, Hu S, Tan J, Zhang X, Yuan W, Wang Q, Xu L, Liu J, Liu Z, Jia Y, Huang X. Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 9 (PSG9), a driver for colorectal cancer, enhances angiogenesis via activation of SMAD4. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61562-61574. [PMID: 27528036 PMCID: PMC5308672 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PSG9 is a member of the pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG) family and has been shown to contribute to the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and cancer-related angiogenesis. Here, we aim to investigate abnormal PSG9 levels in patients with CRC and to emphasize the role of PSG9 in driving tumorigenesis. Serum from 140 patients with CRC and 125 healthy controls as well as 74 paired tumors and adjacent normal tissue were used to determine PSG9 levels. We discovered that PSG9 was significantly increased in serum (P<0.001) and in tumor tissues (P<0.001) from patients with CRC. Interestingly, the increased PSG9 levels correlated with poor survival (P=0.009) and microvessel density (MVD) (P=0.034). The overexpression of PSG9 strongly promoted the proliferation and migration of HCT-116 and HT-29 cells. However, PSG9 depletion inhibited the proliferation of SW-480 cells. Using a human umbilical vein endothelial cell tube-forming assay, we found that PSG9 promoted angiogenesis. The overexpression of PSG9 also increased the growth of tumor xenografts in nude mice. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that PSG9 was bound to SMAD4. The PSG9/SMAD4 complex recruited cytoplasmic SMAD2/3 to form a complex, which enhanced SMAD4 nuclear retention. The PSG9 and SMAD4 complex activated the expression of multiple angiogenesis-related genes (included IGFBP-3, PDGF-AA, GM-CSF, and VEGFA). Together, our findings illustrate the innovative mechanism by which PSG9 drives the progression of CRC and tumor angiogenesis. This occurs via nuclear translocation of PSG9/SMAD4, which activates angiogenic cytokines. Therefore, our study may provide evidence for novel treatment strategies by targeting PSG9 in antiangiogenic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shusheng Hu
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jinjing Tan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Jia
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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25
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Cowman J, Müllers S, Dunne E, Ralph A, Ricco AJ, Malone FD, Kenny D. Platelet behaviour on von Willebrand Factor changes in pregnancy: Consequences of haemodilution and intrinsic changes in platelet function. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6354. [PMID: 28743915 PMCID: PMC5527092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet function in pregnancy is poorly understood. Previous studies of platelet function in pregnancy have used non-physiological assays of platelet function with conflicting results. This study using a physiological assay of platelet function investigated platelet interactions with von Willebrand Factor (VWF) in blood from healthy pregnant women and healthy non-pregnant controls. Blood samples (200 µl) from third-trimester pregnancies (n = 21) and non-pregnant controls (n = 21) were perfused through custom-made parallel-plate flow chambers coated with VWF under arterial shear (1,500 s−1). Multi-parameter measurements of platelet interactions with the immobilized VWF surface were recorded by digital-image microscopy and analysed using custom-designed platelet-tracking software. Platelet interactions with VWF decreased in healthy third-trimester pregnant participants relative to controls. This effect is most likely due to haemodilution which occurs physiologically during pregnancy. Interestingly, platelets in blood from pregnant participants translocated more slowly on VWF under arterial-shear conditions. These decreases in platelet translocation speed were independent of haemodilution, suggesting intrinsic changes in platelet function with pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cowman
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sieglinde Müllers
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eimear Dunne
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adam Ralph
- Irish Centre for High-end Computing, National University, Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Antonio J Ricco
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal D Malone
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dermot Kenny
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
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26
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Houlihan R, Grygoryev K, Williams J, Moore T, O'Mahony C. Finite-element modelling and preliminary validation of microneedle-based electrodes for enhanced tissue electroporation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2017:3572-3575. [PMID: 29060670 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the use of microneedle-based electrodes for enhanced testis electroporation, with specific application to the production of transgenic mice. During the design phase, finite-element software has been used to construct a tissue model and to compare the relative performance of electrodes employing a) conventional flat plates, b) microneedle arrays, and c) invasive needles. Results indicate that microneedle-based electrodes can achieve internal tissue field strengths which are an order of magnitude higher than those generated using conventional flat electrodes, and which are comparable to fields produced using invasive needles. Using a double-sided etching process, conductive microneedle arrays were then fabricated and used in prototype electrodes. In a series of mouse model experiments involving injection of a DNA vector expressing Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), the performance of flat and microneedle electrodes was compared by measuring GFP expression after electroporation. The main finding, supported by experimental and simulated data, is that use of microneedle-based electrodes significantly enhanced electroporation of testis.
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27
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Chang YT, Shiu JH, Huang CH, Chen YC, Chen CY, Chang YS, Chuang WJ. Effects of the RGD loop and C-terminus of rhodostomin on regulating integrin αIIbβ3 recognition. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175321. [PMID: 28399159 PMCID: PMC5388508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodostomin (Rho) is a medium disintegrin containing a 48PRGDMP motif. We here showed that Rho proteins with P48A, M52W, and P53N mutations can selectively inhibit integrin αIIbβ3. To study the roles of the RGD loop and C-terminal region in disintegrins, we expressed Rho 48PRGDMP and 48ARGDWN mutants in Pichia pastoris containing 65P, 65PR, 65PRYH, 65PRNGLYG, and 65PRNPWNG C-terminal sequences. The effect of C-terminal region on their integrin binding affinities was αIIbβ3 > αvβ3 ≥ α5β1, and the 48ARGDWN-65PRNPWNG protein was the most selective integrin αIIbβ3 mutant. The 48ARGDWN-65PRYH, 48ARGDWN-65PRNGLYG, and 48ARGDWN-65PRNPWNG mutants had similar activities in inhibiting platelet aggregation and the binding of fibrinogen to platelet. In contrast, 48ARGDWN-65PRYH and 48ARGDWN-65PRNGLYG exhibited 2.9- and 3.0-fold decreases in inhibiting cell adhesion in comparison with that of 48ARGDWN-65PRNPWNG. Based on the results of cell adhesion, platelet aggregation and the binding of fibrinogen to platelet inhibited by ARGDWN mutants, integrin αIIbβ3 bound differently to immobilized and soluble fibrinogen. NMR structural analyses of 48ARGDWN-65PRYH, 48ARGDWN-65PRNGLYG, and 48ARGDWN-65PRNPWNG mutants demonstrated that their C-terminal regions interacted with the RGD loop. In particular, the W52 sidechain of 48ARGDWN interacted with H68 of 65PRYH, L69 of 65PRNGLYG, and N70 of 65PRNPWNG, respectively. The docking of the 48ARGDWN-65PRNPWNG mutant into integrin αIIbβ3 showed that the N70 residue formed hydrogen bonds with the αIIb D159 residue, and the W69 residue formed cation-π interaction with the β3 K125 residue. These results provide the first structural evidence that the interactions between the RGD loop and C-terminus of medium disintegrins depend on their amino acid sequences, resulting in their functional differences in the binding and selectivity of integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Tsung Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hau Shiu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Huang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yueh Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sheng Chang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Jer Chuang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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28
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MacDonald TM, Kaitu'u-Lino TJ, Walker SP, Dane KM, Lockie EB, Tong S, Whitehead CL, Hui L. Variable effect of maternal oral glucose load on circulating cell-free placental mRNAs. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 30:501-503. [PMID: 27073013 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1177815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not known whether fasting affects levels of circulating placenta-specific transcripts. OBJECTIVE To assess whether a glucose load affects circulating placenta-specific transcripts. METHOD RNA was extracted from paired blood samples (fasting and 1-h post 75 g oral glucose) from 22 women. Placenta-specific genes were measured by RT-qPCR. RESULTS There was no change in ADM, CSH1, PAPPA2, PSG1 or TAC3 expression between fasting and post-glucose states. However, HTRA1 decreased after glucose load. CONCLUSION Maternal fasting state does not influence expression of the majority of placenta-specific genes but may need to be accounted for when validating biomarkers of placental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Mary MacDonald
- a Translational Obstetrics Group, Mercy Hospital for Women , Melbourne , Heidelberg , Australia
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia , and
- c Perinatal Department, Mercy Hospital for Women , Melbourne , Heidelberg , Australia
| | - Tu'uhevaha Joy Kaitu'u-Lino
- a Translational Obstetrics Group, Mercy Hospital for Women , Melbourne , Heidelberg , Australia
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia , and
| | - Susan Philippa Walker
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia , and
- c Perinatal Department, Mercy Hospital for Women , Melbourne , Heidelberg , Australia
| | - Kirsten Margaret Dane
- c Perinatal Department, Mercy Hospital for Women , Melbourne , Heidelberg , Australia
| | - Elizabeth Beatrice Lockie
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia , and
- c Perinatal Department, Mercy Hospital for Women , Melbourne , Heidelberg , Australia
| | - Stephen Tong
- a Translational Obstetrics Group, Mercy Hospital for Women , Melbourne , Heidelberg , Australia
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia , and
| | - Clare Louise Whitehead
- a Translational Obstetrics Group, Mercy Hospital for Women , Melbourne , Heidelberg , Australia
| | - Lisa Hui
- a Translational Obstetrics Group, Mercy Hospital for Women , Melbourne , Heidelberg , Australia
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia , and
- c Perinatal Department, Mercy Hospital for Women , Melbourne , Heidelberg , Australia
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29
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Mi Y, Coonce M, Fiete D, Steirer L, Dveksler G, Townsend RR, Baenziger JU. Functional Consequences of Mannose and Asialoglycoprotein Receptor Ablation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18700-17. [PMID: 27405760 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.738948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mannose receptor (ManR, Mrc1) and asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR, Asgr1 and Asgr2) are highly abundant endocytic receptors expressed by sinusoidal endothelial cells and parenchymal cells in the liver, respectively. We genetically manipulated either receptor individually or in combination, revealing phenotypic changes in female and male mice associated with changes in circulating levels of many glycoproteins. Both receptors rise and fall in response to progesterone during pregnancy. Thirty percent of Asgr2(-/-) and 65% of Mrc1(-/-)Asgr2(-/-) mice are unable to initiate parturition at the end of pregnancy, whereas Mrc1(-/-) mice initiate normally. Twenty five percent of Mrc1(-/-)Asgr2(-/-) male mice develop priapism when mating due to thrombosis of the penile vein, but neither Mrc1(-/-) nor Asgr2(-/-) mice do so. The half-life for luteinizing hormone (LH) clearance increases in Mrc1(-/-) and Mrc1(-/-)Asgr2(-/-) mice but not in Asgr2(-/-) mice; however, LH and testosterone are elevated in all three knockouts. The ManR clears LH thus regulating testosterone production, whereas the ASGR appears to mediate clearance of an unidentified glycoprotein that increases LH levels. More than 40 circulating glycoproteins are elevated >3.0-fold in pregnant Mrc1(-/-)Asgr2(-/-) mice. Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 23, undetectable in WT mice (<50 ng/ml plasma), reaches levels of 1-10 mg/ml in the plasma of Mrc1(-/-)Asgr2(-/-) and Asgr2(-/-) mice, indicating it is cleared by the ASGR. Elevation of multiple coagulation factors in Mrc1(-/-)Asgr2(-/-) mice may account for priapism seen in males. These male and female phenotypic changes underscore the key roles of the ManR and ASGR in controlling circulating levels of numerous glycoproteins critical for regulating reproductive hormones and blood coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Mi
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Marcy Coonce
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Dorothy Fiete
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Lindsay Steirer
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - R Reid Townsend
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Jacques U Baenziger
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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30
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Jones K, Ballesteros A, Mentink-Kane M, Warren J, Rattila S, Malech H, Kang E, Dveksler G. PSG9 Stimulates Increase in FoxP3+ Regulatory T-Cells through the TGF-β1 Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158050. [PMID: 27389696 PMCID: PMC4936685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are a family of proteins secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta and are the most abundant trophoblastic proteins in maternal blood during the third trimester. The human PSG family consists of 10 protein-coding genes, some of which have a possible role in maintaining maternal immune tolerance to the fetus. PSG9 was reported as a potential predictive biomarker of pre-eclampsia, a serious complication of pregnancy that has been related to immunological dysfunction at the fetal-maternal interface. Therefore, we hypothesized that PSG9 may have an immunoregulatory role during pregnancy. We found that PSG9 binds to LAP and activates the latent form of TGF-β1. In addition, PSG9 induces the secretion of TGF-β1 from macrophages but not from CD4+ T-cells. TGF-β1 is required for the ex vivo differentiation of regulatory T-cells and, consistent with the ability of PSG9 to activate this cytokine, we observed that PSG9 induces the differentiation of FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells from naïve murine and human T-cells. Cytokines that are associated with inflammatory responses were also reduced in the supernatants of T-cells treated with PSG9, suggesting that PSG9, through its activation of TGFβ-1, could be a potent inducer of immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlie Jones
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Angela Ballesteros
- National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - James Warren
- Department of Pathology, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, United States of America
| | - Shemona Rattila
- Department of Pathology, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, United States of America
| | - Harry Malech
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Kang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Aleksic D, Blaschke L, Mißbach S, Hänske J, Weiß W, Handler J, Zimmermann W, Cabrera-Sharp V, Read JE, de Mestre AM, O'Riordan R, Moore T, Kammerer R. Convergent evolution of pregnancy-specific glycoproteins in human and horse. Reproduction 2016; 152:171-84. [PMID: 27280409 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are members of the carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family that are secreted by trophoblast cells. PSGs may modulate immune, angiogenic and platelet responses during pregnancy. Until now, PSGs are only found in species that have a highly invasive (hemochorial) placentation including humans, mice and rats. Surprisingly, analyzing the CEACAM gene family of the horse, which has a non-invasive epitheliochorial placenta, with the exception of the transient endometrial cups, we identified equine CEACAM family members that seem to be related to PSGs of rodents and primates. We identified seven genes that encode secreted PSG-like CEACAMs Phylogenetic analyses indicate that they evolved independently from an equine CEACAM1-like ancestor rather than from a common PSG-like ancestor with rodents and primates. Significantly, expression of PSG-like genes (CEACAM44, CEACAM48, CEACAM49 and CEACAM55) was found in non-invasive as well as invasive trophoblast cells such as purified chorionic girdle cells and endometrial cup cells. Chorionic girdle cells are highly invasive trophoblast cells that invade the endometrium of the mare where they form endometrial cups and are in close contact with maternal immune cells. Therefore, the microenvironment of invasive equine trophoblast cells has striking similarities to the microenvironment of trophoblast cells in hemochorial placentas, suggesting that equine PSG-like CEACAMs and rodent and primate PSGs have undergone convergent evolution. This is supported by our finding that equine PSG-like CEACAM49 exhibits similar activity to certain rodent and human PSGs in a functional assay of platelet-fibrinogen binding. Our results have implications for understanding the evolution of PSGs and their functions in maternal-fetal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Aleksic
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Lisa Blaschke
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sophie Mißbach
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jana Hänske
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Wiebke Weiß
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Johannes Handler
- Equine Center Bad SaarowFreie Universität Berlin, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Tumor Immunology LaboratoryLudwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Department of UrologyUniversity Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Victoria Cabrera-Sharp
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesThe Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Jordan E Read
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesThe Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Amanda M de Mestre
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesThe Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ronan O'Riordan
- School of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tom Moore
- School of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Robert Kammerer
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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32
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Houston A, Williams JM, Rovis TL, Shanley DK, O'Riordan RT, Kiely PA, Ball M, Barry OP, Kelly J, Fanning A, MacSharry J, Mandelboim O, Singer BB, Jonjic S, Moore T. Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein expression in normal gastrointestinal tract and in tumors detected with novel monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2016; 8:491-500. [PMID: 26926266 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1134410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are immunoglobulin superfamily members related to the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family and are encoded by 10 genes in the human. They are secreted at high levels by placental syncytiotrophoblast into maternal blood during pregnancy, and are implicated in immunoregulation, thromboregulation, and angiogenesis. To determine whether PSGs are expressed in tumors, we characterized 16 novel monoclonal antibodies to human PSG1 and used 2 that do not cross-react with CEACAMs to study PSG expression in tumors and in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract using tissue arrays and immunohistochemistry. Staining was frequently observed in primary squamous cell carcinomas and colonic adenocarcinomas and was correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation, being largely absent from metastatic samples. Staining was also observed in normal oesophageal and colonic epithelium. PSG expression in the human and mouse GI tract was confirmed using quantitative RT-PCR. However, mRNA expression was several orders of magnitude lower in the GI tract compared to placenta. Our results identify a non-placental site of PSG expression in the gut and associated tumors, with implications for determining whether PSGs have a role in tumor progression, and utility as tumor biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Houston
- a School of Medicine , University College Cork , Ireland
| | - John M Williams
- b School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Tihana Lenac Rovis
- c Department of Histology and Embryology/Center for Proteomics , Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka , Croatia
| | - Daniel K Shanley
- b School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Ronan T O'Riordan
- b School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Patrick A Kiely
- d Department of Life Sciences , Materials and Surface Science Institute and Stokes Institute, University of Limerick
| | - Melanie Ball
- b School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Orla P Barry
- e Department of Pharmacology , Alimentary Pharmabiotic Center, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Jacquie Kelly
- a School of Medicine , University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Aine Fanning
- f Alimentary Pharmabiotic Center, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - John MacSharry
- f Alimentary Pharmabiotic Center, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- g Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Bernhard B Singer
- h Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- c Department of Histology and Embryology/Center for Proteomics , Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka , Croatia
| | - Tom Moore
- b School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork , Ireland
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Kammerer R, Herse F, Zimmermann W. Convergent Evolution Within CEA Gene Families in Mammals: Hints for Species-Specific Selection Pressures. Evol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41324-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Valéra MC, Parant O, Cenac C, Arnaud C, Gallini A, Hamdi S, Sié P, Arnal JF, Payrastre B. Platelet Adhesion and Thrombus Formation in Whole Blood at Arterial Shear Rate at the End of Pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 74:533-41. [PMID: 26435170 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Platelet reactivity has not been evaluated in integrated functional testing during normal pregnancy. Here, we analysed platelet functions under arterial shear rate in comparison with static conditions. METHOD OF STUDY Thirty pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies and 30 healthy non-pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Platelet adhesion to collagen and fibrinogen and subsequent thrombus formation were measured at arterial shear rate in whole blood using a microfluidic and imaging system. Standard light transmission aggregometry, flow cytometry of activation markers in washed platelets and impedance aggregometry in whole blood were also used to assess platelet responsiveness in static conditions. RESULTS Compared to non-pregnant controls, thrombus formation on collagen fibres and firm platelet adhesion on fibrinogen under arterial shear rate were significantly reduced in pregnant women. Platelet aggregometry assays in suspension showed a slight increase in platelet reactivity in pregnant women. CONCLUSION While platelet aggregometry and platelet activation markers in static conditions show little changes in platelet reactivity, monitoring of platelet adhesion and thrombus growth on collagen or fibrinogen under flow condition in whole blood indicates a significant decrease in pregnant women compared to controls. This decrease might contribute to counteract a hypercoagulable state and to reduce the risk of arterial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Cécile Valéra
- INSERM, U1048, CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Olivier Parant
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Cenac
- INSERM, U1043, CNRS, U5282 and Université Toulouse 3, CPTP, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Arnaud
- INSERM, U1027 and Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.,Unité de soutien méthodologique à la recherche clinique, service d'épidémiologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Adeline Gallini
- INSERM, U1027 and Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.,Unité de soutien méthodologique à la recherche clinique, service d'épidémiologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Safouane Hamdi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie and Groupe de Recherche en Fertilité Humaine, EA 3694, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Sié
- INSERM, U1048, CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse Cedex 04, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- INSERM, U1048, CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- INSERM, U1048, CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse Cedex 04, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
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35
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Ning Z, McLellan AS, Ball M, Wynne F, O'Neill C, Mills W, Quinn JP, Kleinjan DA, Anney RJ, Carmody RJ, O'Keeffe G, Moore T. Regulation of SPRY3 by X chromosome and PAR2-linked promoters in an autism susceptibility region. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5126-41. [PMID: 26089202 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprouty proteins are regulators of cell growth and branching morphogenesis. Unlike mouse Spry3, which is X-linked, human SPRY3 maps to the pseudoautosomal region 2; however, the human Y-linked allele is not expressed due to epigenetic silencing by an unknown mechanism. SPRY3 maps adjacent to X-linked Trimethyllysine hydroxylase epsilon (TMLHE), recently identified as an autism susceptibility gene. We report that Spry3 is highly expressed in central and peripheral nervous system ganglion cells in mouse and human, including cerebellar Purkinje cells and retinal ganglion cells. Transient over-expression or knockdown of Spry3 in cultured mouse superior cervical ganglion cells inhibits and promotes, respectively, neurite growth and branching. A 0.7 kb gene fragment spanning the human SPRY3 transcriptional start site recapitulates the endogenous Spry3-expression pattern in LacZ reporter mice. In the human and mouse the SPRY3 promoter contains an AG-rich repeat and we found co-expression, and promoter binding and/or regulation of SPRY3 expression by transcription factors MAZ, EGR1, ZNF263 and PAX6. We identified eight alleles of the human SPRY3 promoter repeat in Caucasians, and similar allele frequencies in autism families. We characterized multiple SPRY3 transcripts originating at two CpG islands in the X-linked F8A3-TMLHE region, suggesting X chromosome regulation of SPRY3. These findings provide an explanation for differential regulation of X and Y-linked SPRY3 alleles. In addition, the presence of a SPRY3 transcript exon in a previously described X chromosome deletion associated with autism, and the cerebellar interlobular variation in Spry3 expression coincident with the reported pattern of Purkinje cell loss in autism, suggest SPRY3 as a candidate susceptibility locus for autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Ning
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrew S McLellan
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Melanie Ball
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Freda Wynne
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cora O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Walter Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - John P Quinn
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Dirk A Kleinjan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Richard J Anney
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Ruaidhre J Carmody
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davies Building, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK and
| | - Gerard O'Keeffe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tom Moore
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland,
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Quantitative Analysis of Signal Transduction with In-Cell Western Immunofluorescence Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1314:115-30. [PMID: 26139260 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2718-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein levels and signaling events can be efficiently quantified in many samples with the In-Cell Western (ICW) cell-based assay. This quantitative immunofluorescence method streamlines experimental procedures and data analysis, so hundreds of samples can be processed in parallel with quantitative data output. Cells are cultured in microplates and treated with various drugs or conditions. After fixation and permeabilization of cells in the microplate wells, immunostaining is used to detect target proteins. Secondary antibodies conjugated with IRDye near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dyes are used for multiplex detection and normalization; cell stains and DNA stains can also be used for cell number normalization. Fluorescent signals reflect the protein expression levels or signaling status of the cell population in each well. ICW assays are a powerful alternative to western blotting. Time-consuming, error-prone steps such as cell lysis, gel electrophoresis, and membrane transfer are eliminated. In situ detection of protein targets in fixed cells provides a relevant cellular context, and enables very rapid and precise quenching of cellular treatments. Results are consistent with western blotting, but precision and reproducibility are enhanced. ICW functional assays are used to analyze protein phosphorylation, monitor the timing and kinetics of signal transduction events, monitor cellular response to agonists and antagonists, and determine IC50 and EC50 values. Modified On-Cell Western (OCW) assays are used for analysis of cell surface proteins, receptor internalization and recycling, and fluorescent ligand binding studies. Here, we describe the basic methodology for In-Cell Western quantitative immunofluorescence assays.
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37
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Ballesteros A, Mentink-Kane MM, Warren J, Kaplan GG, Dveksler GS. Induction and activation of latent transforming growth factor-β1 are carried out by two distinct domains of pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 (PSG1). J Biol Chem 2014; 290:4422-31. [PMID: 25548275 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.597518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are a family of Ig-like proteins secreted by specialized placental cells. The PSG1 structure is composed of a single Ig variable region-like N-terminal domain and three Ig constant region-like domains termed A1, A2, and B2. Members of the human and murine PSG family have been shown to induce anti-inflammatory cytokines from monocytes and macrophages and to stimulate angiogenesis. We recently showed that recombinant forms of PSG1 (PSG1-Fc and PSG1-His) and PSG1 purified from the serum of pregnant women are associated with the immunoregulatory cytokine TGF-β1 and activated latent TGF-β1. Here, we sought to examine the requirement of specific PSG1 domains in the activation of latent TGF-β1. Plasmon surface resonance studies showed that PSG1 directly bound to the small latent complex and to the latency-associated peptide of TGF-β1 and that this binding was mediated through the B2 domain. Furthermore, the B2 domain alone was sufficient for activating the small latent complex. In separate experiments, we found that the PSG1-mediated induction of TGF-β1 secretion in macrophages was dependent on the N-terminal domain. Mutagenesis analysis revealed that four amino acids (LYHY) of the CC' loop of the N-terminal domain were required for induction of latent TGF-β1 secretion. Together, our results show that two distinct domains of PSG1 are involved in the regulation of TGF-β1 and provide a mechanistic framework for how PSGs modulate the immunoregulatory environment at the maternal-fetal interface for successful pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ballesteros
- From the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 and
| | - Margaret M Mentink-Kane
- the Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - James Warren
- the Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Gerardo G Kaplan
- From the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 and
| | - Gabriela S Dveksler
- the Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
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Williams JM, Ball M, Ward A, Moore T. Psg22 expression in mouse trophoblast giant cells is associated with gene inversion and co-expression of antisense long non-coding RNAs. Reproduction 2014; 149:125-37. [PMID: 25359516 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are secreted carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-related cell adhesion molecules-related members of the immunoglobulin superfamily and are encoded by multigene families in species with haemochorial placentation. PSGs may be the most abundant trophoblast-derived proteins in human maternal blood in late pregnancy and there is evidence that dysregulation of PSG expression is associated with gestational pathology. PSGs are produced by syncytiotrophoblast in the human placenta and by trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) and spongiotrophoblast in rodents, and are implicated in immune regulation, angiogenesis and regulation of platelet function. PSGs are encoded by 17 genes in the mouse and ten genes in the human. While functions appear to be conserved, the typical protein domain organisation differs between species. We analysed the evolution of the mouse Psg genomic locus structure and report inversion of the Psg22 gene within the locus. Psg22 is the most abundant Psg transcript detected in the first half of mouse pregnancy and we identified antisense long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcripts adjacent to Psg22 associated with an active local chromatin conformation. This suggests that an epigenetic regulatory mechanism may underpin high Psg22 expression relative to the other Psg gene family members in TGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, IrelandDepartment of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK School of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, IrelandDepartment of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Melanie Ball
- School of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, IrelandDepartment of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Andrew Ward
- School of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, IrelandDepartment of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Tom Moore
- School of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, IrelandDepartment of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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