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Cong X, Zhu X, Zhang X, Ning Z. Astragaloside IV inhibits angiotensin II-induced atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation by SIRT1/PGC-1α/FNDC5 pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30984. [PMID: 38803993 PMCID: PMC11128467 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims and objectives Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has been found to possess anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, but its effect on atrial fibrosis is yet to be determined. This research investigates the protective role of AS-IV in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods C57BL/6 male mice aged 8-10 weeks (n = 40) were subcutaneously administered Ang II (2.0 mg/kg/day) or saline, with AS-IV (80 mg/kg) intraperitoneally administered 2 h before Ang II infusion for 4 weeks. Biochemical, histological, and morphological analyses were carried out. Using transesophageal burst pacing, AF was generated in vivo. Results Here, we report that AS-IV treatment inhibited Ang II-induced AF development in mice (58 ± 5.86 vs 15.13 ± 2.16 %, p < 0.001). Ang II + AS-IV therapy was effective in reducing the atrial fibrotic area and decreasing the increase in smooth muscle alpha-actin (α-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts brought on by Ang II treatment (fibrotic area: 26.25 ± 3.81 vs 8.62 ± 1.83 %, p < 0.001 and α-SMA: 65.62 ± 10.63 vs 17.25 ± 1.78 %, p < 0.001). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was reduced by pretreatment with Ang II + AS-IV (9.20 ± 0.92 vs 2.63 ± 0.22 %/sec, p < 0.001). In addition, Ang II + AS-IV treatment suppressed oxidative stress in Ang II-induced atrial fibrosis (malondialdehyde: 701.78 ± 85.01 vs 504.07 ± 25.62 pmol/mg protein, p < 0.001; superoxide dismutase: 13.82 ± 1.25 vs 29.54 ± 2.45 U/mg protein, p < 0.001 and catalase: 11.43 ± 1.19 vs 20.83 ± 3.29 U/mg protein, p < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, Ang II + AS-IV decreased the expression of α-SMA, collagen III and collagen I (3.32 ± 0.53 vs 1.41 ± 0.20 fold, p < 0.001; 3.41 ± 0.55 vs 1.48 ± 0.18 fold, p < 0.001; 2.34 ± 0.55 vs 0.99 ± 0.17 fold, p < 0.001, respectively) while increasing the protein expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in Ang II-treated mice (0.22 ± 0.02 vs 0.57 ± 0.08 fold, p < 0.001; 0.28 ± 0.04 vs 0.72 ± 0.05 fold, p < 0.001; 0.38 ± 0.03 vs 0.68 ± 0.06 fold, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Our data led us to speculate that AS-IV may protect against Ang II-induced atrial fibrosis and AF via upregulation of the SIRT1/PGC-1α/FNDC5 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Cong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital (Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital), No.1500 Zhou Yuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital (Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital), No.1500 Zhou Yuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital (Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital), No.1500 Zhou Yuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Zhongping Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital (Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital), No.1500 Zhou Yuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
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Raleigh SM, Orchard KJA. Sarcopenia as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease: Genetic and Epigenetic Perspectives. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:561. [PMID: 38790190 PMCID: PMC11121242 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, defined as the age-associated loss of muscle mass and increased fragility with age, is increasing worldwide. The condition often precedes the development of Alzheimer's disease, thereby decreasing the levels of mobility and physical activity in those affected. Indeed, the loss of muscle mass has, in some studies, been associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. However, a detailed understanding of the interplay between both conditions is not available and needs to be thoroughly addressed. In the following review, we focus on several genes, specifically APOE, BDNF, ACE, FTO, and FNDC5, that have been associated with both conditions. We also discuss the epigenetic regulation of each of these genes along with non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that may have a role in the development of both the sarcopenic and Alzheimer's disease phenotypes. Finally, we assert that the application of systems biology will unravel the relationship between sarcopenia and Alzheimer's disease and believe that the prevention of muscle loss in older age will reduce the incidence of debilitating cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M. Raleigh
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Kayleigh J. A. Orchard
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
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Canto-Cetina T, Silva-Nicanor D, Coral-Vázquez RM, Cano-Martínez LJ, Canto P. RS3480 Polymorphism of FNDC5/Irisin Is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Maya-Mestizo Women. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:503-508. [PMID: 37566466 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the possible association between rs3480 and rs16835198 of the fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5)/Irisin and their haplotypes with the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Maya-Mestizo women. Methods: We studied 547 postmenopausal women of Maya-Mestizo origin. The diagnosis of T2DM was based on the criteria of the American Diabetes Association. DNA was obtained from blood leukocytes. rs3480 and rs16835198 of FNDC5/Irisin were studied using real-time polymerase chain reaction allelic discrimination. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and alleles differences, as well as genotype frequencies between groups, were assessed by χ2 tests. Using logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to estimate the association between both polymorphisms of FNDC5/Irisin and the presence of T2DM. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium between polymorphisms was calculated by direct correlation r2, and haplotype analysis was conducted. Results: We found that the G-allele of rs3480, as well as under a dominant model, this polymorphism was significantly associated with T2DM (P = 0.028 and P = 0.003, respectively). Besides, one haplotype was associated with T2DM (P = 0.035). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the FNDC5/Irisin rs3480, and one haplotype formed by rs3480 and rs16835198 were associated with the risk of presenting T2DM in Maya-Mestizo women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma Canto-Cetina
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi," Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Diana Silva-Nicanor
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ramón Mauricio Coral-Vázquez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
- Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre," Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Javier Cano-Martínez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
- Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre," Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia Canto
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán," Ciudad de México, México
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Bidares M, Safari-Kish B, Abedi M, Malekzadeh-Shoushtari H, Jasemnezhad M, Azarbayejani N, Aziz M, Jahromi SP, Fouladi S, Azizi-Soleiman F. The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Irisin Level: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obes Surg 2023; 33:3256-3265. [PMID: 37548926 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
This systematic analysis and meta-analysis aimed to assess changes in the plasma levels of irisin after bariatric surgery. Search strategy, study screening, and data gathering were all conducted using a checklist and the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Two researchers independently extracted the data, and a third person was included to resolve disagreements. The results illustrated no statistical difference between before and after surgery irisin plasma levels (P = 0.216, 95% CI = -1.812-0.410, SMD = -0.701, I-squared = 94.9%). BMI exhibited a meaningful decline after surgery compared to preoperative values (SMD = -3.09, 95% CI = -4.59--1.59, I-squared = 95.5%, P<0.05). According to our analysis, it can be concluded that irisin plasma levels are not significantly influenced by bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Bidares
- Clinical Research Development Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Postal code: 8514143131, Iran
| | - Borna Safari-Kish
- Clinical Research Development Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Postal code: 8514143131, Iran
| | - Motahare Abedi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Postal code: 8514143131, Iran
| | | | - Malek Jasemnezhad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Postal code: 6135733184, Iran
| | - Niloufar Azarbayejani
- School of Medicine, Sanandaj University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan, Postal code: 6618634683, Iran
| | - Mahsa Aziz
- Clinical Research Development Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Postal code: 8514143131, Iran
| | - Sayna Pejouhesh Jahromi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Postal code: 8514143131, Iran
| | - Samar Fouladi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Postal code: 8514143131, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azizi-Soleiman
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Postal code: 3818146851, Iran.
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Lima-Filho RAS, Benedet AL, De Bastiani MA, Povala G, Cozachenco D, Ferreira ST, De Felice FG, Rosa-Neto P, Zimmer ER, Lourenco MV. Association of the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 rs1746661 single nucleotide polymorphism with reduced brain glucose metabolism in elderly humans. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad216. [PMID: 37601408 PMCID: PMC10438215 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) and its derived hormone, irisin, have been associated with metabolic control in humans, with described FNDC5 single nucleotide polymorphisms being linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Decreased brain FNDC5/irisin has been reported in subjects with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Since impaired brain glucose metabolism develops in ageing and is prominent in Alzheimer's disease, here, we examined associations of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the FNDC5 gene (rs1746661) with brain glucose metabolism and amyloid-β deposition in a cohort of 240 cognitively unimpaired and 485 cognitively impaired elderly individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. In cognitively unimpaired elderly individuals harbouring the FNDC5 rs1746661(T) allele, we observed a regional reduction in low glucose metabolism in memory-linked brain regions and increased brain amyloid-β PET load. No differences in cognition or levels of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β42, phosphorylated tau and total tau were observed between FNDC5 rs1746661(T) allele carriers and non-carriers. Our results indicate that a genetic variant of FNDC5 is associated with low brain glucose metabolism in elderly individuals and suggest that FNDC5 may participate in the regulation of brain metabolism in brain regions vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. Understanding the associations between genetic variants in metabolism-linked genes and metabolic brain signatures may contribute to elucidating genetic modulators of brain metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A S Lima-Filho
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Andréa L Benedet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 413 45, Sweden
| | - Marco Antônio De Bastiani
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Povala
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cozachenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22281-100, Brazil
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences & Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory (TNL), McGill Center for Studies in Aging (MCSA), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, and Pharmacology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
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Ahmed TM, Nassar M, Mohamed HAA, Elhadidy KES, Farhan HM, El Basset ASA, Elmessiery RM, Kamel MF. Evaluation of serum levels of Irisin as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e403. [PMID: 36919265 PMCID: PMC10164434 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin resistance and obesity have been associated with irisin, a protein in fat cells. The levels of irisin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were significantly lower than those in non-diabetics. This study aimed to examine the relationship between serum irisin levels and endothelial dysfunction in patients with T2DM. METHODS There were 90 participants in this study. We matched 65 patients with T2DM with 25 healthy control participants. A series of tests were performed on the participants, including fasting blood glucose, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TG/HDL-C ratio and albumin/creatinine ratio. In addition to measuring high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used for estimating irisin concentrations. RESULTS Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was significantly lower in patients with T2DM; however, there was a non-statistically significant difference between healthy controls and patients with T2DM regarding serum Irisin level. CRP and LDL levels were inversely correlated with circulating irisin levels. In a stepwise regression analysis, only the hs-CRP and LDL were statistically significant in predicting irisin level. CONCLUSIONS In patients with T2DM, serum levels of irisin were inversely correlated with hyperglycaemia, body mass index and per cent body fat; this suggests that detecting irisin levels early can prevent cardiovascular diseases from progressing. According to the study results, serum irisin serves as a predictive marker for early cardiovascular disease, thus preventing the disease from progressing. There is a need for further research in order to understand how irisin contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and the development of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoraya Mohamed Ahmed
- Internal Medicine Department at Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Nassar
- Internal Medicine Department at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health+Hospitals, Queens, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Hanan Mohamed Farhan
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Riem M Elmessiery
- Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Farid Kamel
- Internal Medicine Department at Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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Foad AM, Hafez A, Youssef W, Ahmed AE, Altaher AM. Irisin expression and FNDC5 (rs3480) gene polymorphism in type 2 diabetic patients with and without CAD. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-6. [PMID: 36732920 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2173785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin was found to correlate with coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetic patients. This study investigated the association of irisin and FNDC5 (SNP rs3480) with the presence and severity of CAD in T2DM. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 100 patients with T2DM divided into two groups, DM group (n = 50), including patients without CAD and CAD group (n = 50), including those confirmed to have CAD by coronary angiography. Irisin was measured. SNP rs3480 genotyping of FNDC5 was done. RESULTS Irisin levels were significantly lower in the CAD group (p < 0.001). The CAD group had significantly higher HbA1c and lower HDL (p < 0.001). Patients with controlled DM had significantly higher irisin levels (p < 0.001). single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3480 was not associated with irisin levels, and the FNDC5 rs3480 AA reference allele was significantly associated with significant CAD. CONCLUSION Irisin appears to be protective against developing CAD in diabetic patients. Irisin level was an independent predictor of significant CAD in diabetic patients combined with the FNDC5 rs3480 genotype. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04957823.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amera Morad Foad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Alshimaa Hafez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Wael Youssef
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsharawy Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ali Mohamad Altaher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Wu L, Cao R, Peng X, Fu L. An Association Between FNDC5, PGC-1α Genetic Variants and Obesity in Chinese Children: A Case-Control Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:47-59. [PMID: 36760581 PMCID: PMC9843619 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s391219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5 (FNDC5) gene encodes irisin that regulates adipose tissue metabolism. Peroxide-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a powerful promoter of mitochondrial biosynthesis and oxidative metabolism, which plays an important role in inducing heat production and energy consumption of brown fat. PGC1-α expression stimulated an increase in expression of FNDC5. PURPOSE The aims of this study were to analyze the association between FNDC5, PGC-1α genetic variants and overweight or obesity in Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS A total of 198 children and adolescents with overweight or obesity and 198 children and adolescents with normal weight were screened according to gender and age 1:1. The healthy eating behaviors, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time were surveyed using food frequency questionnaire and CLASS questionnaire, respectively. Genotypes of FNDC5 and PGC-1α gene were detected using SNaPshot method. RESULTS GT genotype of FNDC5 (rs16835198) increased the risk of overweight or obesity in boys (OR (95% CI): 1.68 (1.00, 2.93)) based on overdominant model; GG genotype of FNDC5 (rs16835198) decreased the risk of overweight or obesity in girls and boys (OR (95% CI): 0.45 (0.21,0.97), 0.45 (0.24, 0.83), respectively) based on dominant model; TT genotype of FNDC5 (rs16835198) increased the risk of overweight or obesity in girls based on recessive model (OR (95% CI): 2.46 (1.19, 5.05)), and based on the additive model (OR (95% CI): 3.82 (1.49, 9.80)). There was significant interaction between FNDC5 (rs16835198) and PGC-1α (rs3755863, rs8192678), healthy eating behaviors, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time, interaction between PGC-1α (rs8192678) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time in the occurrence of overweight or obesity in Chinese children and adolescents. CONCLUSION FNDC5 (rs16835198) played an independent or interactive role with PGC-1α (rs3755863, rs8192678), healthy eating behaviors, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time in the occurrence of overweight or obesity in Chinese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Children and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Children and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Wu
- Graduate School of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyao Cao
- Department of Children and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Peng
- Department of Children and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianguo Fu
- Department of Children and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lianguo Fu, Department of Children and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613195529639, Fax +86-5523175215, Email
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Canto-Cetina T, Silva-Nicanor D, Coral-Vázquez RM, Cano-Martínez LJ, González Herrera L, García S, Lara Padilla E, Canto P. FNDC5/Irisin polymorphisms are associated with osteopenia in postmenopausal Mayan-Mestizo women. Climacteric 2022; 25:603-608. [PMID: 35866470 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2022.2097866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the association between rs3480 and rs16835198 of FNDC5/Irisin and their haplotypes with variations in bone mineral density (BMD) and osteopenia/osteoporosis in postmenopausal Mayan-Mestizo women. METHODS We studied 547 postmenopausal women of Maya-Mestizo origin. BMD was measured in the lumbar spine and total hip by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. DNA was obtained from blood leukocytes. rs3480 and rs16835198 of FNDC5/Irisin were studied using real-time PCR allelic discrimination. Differences between the means of BMD according to genotype were analyzed with covariance. Allele frequency differences were assessed by χ2 and logistic regression was used to test for associations. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium between polymorphisms was calculated by direct correlation r2, and haplotype analysis was conducted. RESULTS Under a recessive model, we observed a significant association of rs3480 with the presence of osteopenia at the total hip and femoral neck (p = 0.008 and p = 0.003, respectively). For rs16835198, we found an association with osteopenia at the total hip and femoral neck in a dominant model (p = 0.043 and p = 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We found an association of rs3480 with risk to present osteopenia at the total hip and femoral neck, while rs16835198 was associated as a protector for presence of osteopenia only at the femoral neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Canto-Cetina
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi', Mérida Yucatán, México
| | - D Silva-Nicanor
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R M Coral-Vázquez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional '20 de Noviembre', Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L J Cano-Martínez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional '20 de Noviembre', Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L González Herrera
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi', Mérida Yucatán, México
| | - S García
- Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional '20 de Noviembre', Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E Lara Padilla
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - P Canto
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición 'Salvador Zubirán', Ciudad de México, México
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10
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Luo Y, Qiao X, Xu L, Huang G. Irisin: circulating levels in serum and its relation to gonadal axis. Endocrine 2022; 75:663-671. [PMID: 35040046 PMCID: PMC8888466 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-02981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine/adipokine in mice and humans that plays an important role in 'browning' of white adipose tissue and has shown great potential as a treatment for some metabolic diseases, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. The circulating irisin level is reported to be associated with exercise, obesity, diet, diseases, and exposure to different pharmacological agents. Several studies have attempted to characterize the role of irisin in PCOS and other reproductive diseases, but contradictory results have been reported. Our previous study showed that irisin may serve further functions in folliculogenesis and fertility. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the physiology of irisin and its role in gonadal axis. Firstly, we describe irisin circulating levels and speculate on the potential mechanisms involved in irisin secretion and regulation. Then, we focus on the irisin levels in PCOS, and explore the relationships between, BMI, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism. Finally, we present the results from animal interventional studies and in vitro experiments to investigate the relationship between irisin and gonadal axis, indicating its novel effects on reproduction and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyao Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo Engineering, Chongqing Reproduction and Genetics Institute, Chongqing Health Center for women and Children, No.64 Jin Tang Street, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Xiaoyong Qiao
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangzhi Xu
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoning Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo Engineering, Chongqing Reproduction and Genetics Institute, Chongqing Health Center for women and Children, No.64 Jin Tang Street, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400013, China.
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11
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He X, Hua Y, Li Q, Zhu W, Pan Y, Yang Y, Li X, Wu M, Wang J, Gan X. FNDC5/irisin facilitates muscle−adipose−bone connectivity through ubiquitination-dependent activation of runt-related transcriptional factors RUNX1/2. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101679. [PMID: 35124008 PMCID: PMC8892030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the cleavage protein irisin derived from fibronectin type III domain–containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in exercise-stimulated skeletal muscle has increasingly become a biomarker associated with metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis in humans. However, it is unclear how this protein facilitates muscle−adipose−bone connectivity in metabolic and skeletal homeostasis. In this study, we unexpectedly observed that the FNDC5 gene can be markedly activated during the differentiation of brown adipocytes but not white adipocytes, and that FNDC5 is specifically expressed in mouse brown adipose tissues (BATs). But unlike it in the skeletal muscles, the expression of FNDC5/irisin in BAT is promoted by cold exposure rather than exercise in mice. Analysis of promoter activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation further showed that peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator-1α and thyroid hormone receptors cooperate on the FNDC5 gene promoter to induce its transcription. We found that FNDC5/irisin stimulates the runt-related transcriptional factors RUNX1/2 via a focal adhesion kinase–dependent pathway in both bone and subcutaneous white adipose tissues. Mechanistically, focal adhesion kinase is stimulated by FNDC5/irisin and then facilitates E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase WW domain–containing protein 2 to ubiquitinate and subsequently activate RUNX1/2, culminating in the activation of osteoblast-related or thermogenesis-related genes. Interestingly, the PR domain containing protein 16 that is crucial for subcutaneous white adipose “browning” and skeletal development was found to form a complex with RUNX1/2 in a WW domain–containing protein 2-dependent manner. These findings elucidate a signaling mechanism by which FNDC5/irisin supports the muscle−adipose−bone connectivity, especially BAT−bone connectivity.
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12
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Yang X, Ni L, Sun J, Yuan X, Li D. Associations between rs3480 and rs16835198 gene polymorphisms of FNDC5 with type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:946982. [PMID: 36004352 PMCID: PMC9393395 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.946982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FNDC5 is a novel and important player in energy regulation related to glucose metabolism and insulin levels. Thus, it may affect the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nevertheless, the association between FNDC5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to T2DM remains unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore whether the SNPs, rs3480 and rs16835198, are associated with the risk of T2DM. METHODS Studies published before February 1st, 2022 were screened to identify the included studies. R software was also applied for calculation of odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (95% CI), heterogeneity, and sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Seven studies for rs3480 (involving 5475 patients with T2DM and 4855 healthy controls) and five studies for rs16835198 (involving 4217 patients with T2DM and 4019 healthy controls) were included in this meta-analysis. The results revealed a statistically significant association of rs3480 with T2DM under homozygote (GG vs AA: OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.31-2.37, P = 0.0002, I2 = 59%) genetic model. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between rs16835198 and susceptibility to T2DM under allelic (G vs T: OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.94-1.89, P = 0.11, I2 = 84%), heterozygote (GT vs TT: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.80-1.69, P = 0.42, I2 = 71%), homozygote (GG vs TT: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.95-1.94, P = 0.10, I2 = 62%), recessive (GG+GT vs TT: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.88-1.79, P = 0.22, I2 = 72%), and dominant (GG vs GT+GG: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.96-1.50, P = 0.11, I2 = 46%) genetic models. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis revealed that rs3480 in FNDC5 is significantly associated with susceptibility to T2DM, while rs16835198 does not show such an association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqin Yang
- Department of Emergency, Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Li Ni
- Heart Function Examination Room, Wuhan Third Hospital & Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyu Sun
- College of Health and Nursing, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolu Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Maoming People’ s Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Dezhong Li
- Department of Emergency, Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
- *Correspondence: Dezhong Li,
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13
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Zhang L, Peng X, Wang Y, Cao R, Zhang Z, Fu L. What Is the Relationship Between Body Mass Index, Sex Hormones, Leptin, and Irisin in Children and Adolescents? A Path Analysis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:823424. [PMID: 35498804 PMCID: PMC9051242 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.823424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present research aimed to study the relationship between body mass index (BMI), sex hormones, leptin, and irisin in children and adolescents with different body types. METHODS In this study, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select students aged 8-15 years from two 9-year schools as the research subjects. Based on a case-control study, 183 overweight/obese students were selected. After using sex and age matching to create a matched sample of normal-weighted students, a total of 366 students, including 214 boys (58.5%) and 152 girls (41.5%) were included. We measured their height and weight and calculated their body mass index BMI. Afterward, their concentrations of leptin, irisin, oestradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) in the serum were detected. RESULTS There were significant differences in T, E2, leptin, and irisin between normal-weighted boys and girls (p < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in T, E2, and irisin between overweight/obese boys and girls (p < 0.05). Overweight/obese students had higher concentrations of irisin and leptin than normal-weight students (p < 0.05). The direct effect of BMI on irisin was not statistically significant in either normal or overweight/obese students, but their indirect effects via leptin were statistically significant (for normal-weight boys and girls, standardized indirect effect coefficient: 0.29 and 0.38, respectively; for overweight/obese boys and girls, standardized indirect effect coefficient: 0.36 and 0.34, respectively). There was a negative pathway of E2 → leptin → irisin in normal-weight boys (standardized indirect effect coefficient: -0.24) and a negative pathway of T → leptin → irisin in overweight/obese boys (standardized indirect effect coefficient: -0.27). CONCLUSION The indirect effects of BMI on irisin via leptin exist in children and adolescents of different body types. E2 was negatively correlated with leptin in normal-weight boys, whereas T was negatively correlated with leptin in overweight/obese boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xingwang Peng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ruiyao Cao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zizhe Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lianguo Fu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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14
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Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: a promising biomarker and therapeutic target. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1390-1400. [PMID: 33214697 PMCID: PMC8379181 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide and impose a tremendous socioeconomic burden on individuals as well as the healthcare system. Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) is a widely distributed transmembrane glycoprotein that can be proteolytically cleaved and secreted as irisin to regulate glycolipid metabolism and cardiovascular homeostasis. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the predictive and therapeutic role of FNDC5 in a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia, metabolic cardiomyopathy, cardiac remodeling, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and obesity.
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15
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Önalan Etem E, Diş Ö, Tektemur A, Korkmaz H, Buran Kavuran İ. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FNDC5 gene and serum irisin levels in acute myocardial infarction. Anatol J Cardiol 2021; 25:528-535. [PMID: 34369880 DOI: 10.5152/anatoljcardiol.2021.36214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most common type of coronary artery disease. The irisin hormone encoded by the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein-5 (FNDC5) gene is synthesized in muscle, heart, and fat tissues. The present study aims to investigate serum irisin concentrations and FNDC5 genetic variants in patients with AMI through comparison with controls. METHODS This study included 225 patients with AMI and 225 healthy subjects. Blood samples were obtained from patients during the first 1-24 hours after AMI. Serum irisin concentration was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The variants of rs16835198, rs3480, and rs726344 in the FNDC5 gene were genotyped with real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Compared with control serum irisin concentrations were significantly lower in patients with AMI. Serum irisin concentrations of patients with AMI showed a significant and gradual decrease from 6 hours up to 24 hours (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the patient and control groups based on genotype and allele frequencies of rs16835198, rs3480, and rs726344 in the FNDC5 gene (p>0.05). However, the frequency of the TT genotype in male patients with AMI (6.4%) was significantly lower compared with control male subjects (16.2%). In addition, the GGT haplotype was identified as the protective haplotype against the risk of AMI (p<0.001; odds ratio=0.107). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study suggest that serum irisin concentration could serve as a novel biological marker for the early diagnosis of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Önalan Etem
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Özge Diş
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tektemur
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Hasan Korkmaz
- Department Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - İlay Buran Kavuran
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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16
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Xiao P, Cheng H, Yan Y, Liu J, Zhao X, Li H, Mi J. High BMI with Adequate Lean Mass Is Not Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents. J Nutr 2021; 151:1213-1221. [PMID: 33245131 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an increasing number of studies investigating the links between increased BMI and a better prognosis of cardiovascular disease, which has been termed the "obesity paradox," few of them take the lean mass into consideration. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the associations of body composition compartments, especially the lean mass, with cardiometabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents. METHODS In a nationwide cross-sectional study of 6- to 18-y-old children (n = 8967, 50.1% boys), we measured body composition using DXA scan, and calculated BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and lean mass index (LMI). The exploratory outcomes were cardiometabolic abnormalities, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Adjusted linear regression coefficients and ORs were calculated to assess the associations between body composition indicators and cardiometabolic abnormalities. RESULTS Unlike BMI and FMI, LMI was inversely associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (β: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.09, -0.03; P < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (β: -0.08; 95% CI: -0.11, -0.05; P < 0.001), non-HDL cholesterol (β: -0.10; 95% CI: -0.13, -0.08; P < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (β: -0.12; 95% CI: -0.14, -0.09; P < 0.001), and total cholesterol (TC) (β: -0.16; 95% CI: -0.19, -0.14; P < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, all the odds of cardiometabolic abnormalities were increased from the lowest quartile to the highest quartile of BMI and FMI (P-trend < 0.05); however, the odds of high TC, high LDL cholesterol, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance were decreased with LMI (P-trend < 0.05). Obese children with high LMI did not have significantly increased odds of high TC, high LDL cholesterol, and high non-HDL cholesterol compared with normal-weight children without high LMI. CONCLUSIONS Greater lean mass may have a protective impact on high TC, high LDL cholesterol, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance in children and adolescents. This finding suggests that the "obesity paradox" may be partly explained by high lean mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xiao
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yinkun Yan
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Junting Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Mi
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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17
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Jodeiri Farshbaf M, Alviña K. Multiple Roles in Neuroprotection for the Exercise Derived Myokine Irisin. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:649929. [PMID: 33935687 PMCID: PMC8086837 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.649929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has multiple beneficial effects on health including decreasing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Such effects are thought to be mediated (at least in part) by myokines, a collection of cytokines and other small proteins released from skeletal muscles. As an endocrine organ, skeletal muscle synthesizes and secretes a wide range of myokines which contribute to different functions in different organs, including the brain. One such myokine is the recently discovered protein Irisin, which is secreted into circulation from skeletal muscle during exercise from its membrane bound precursor Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Irisin contributes to metabolic processes such as glucose homeostasis and browning of white adipose tissue. Irisin also crosses the blood brain barrier and initiates a neuroprotective genetic program in the hippocampus that culminates with increased expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Furthermore, exercise and FNDC5/Irisin have been shown to have several neuroprotective effects against injuries in ischemia and neurodegenerative disease models, including Alzheimer's disease. In addition, Irisin has anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. In this review we present and summarize recent findings on the multiple effects of Irisin on neural function, including signaling pathways and mechanisms involved. We also discuss how exercise can positively influence brain function and mental health via the "skeletal muscle-brain axis." While there are still many unanswered questions, we put forward the idea that Irisin is a potentially essential mediator of the skeletal muscle-brain crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Alviña
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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18
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A brief overview about the physiology of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Exercise-Induced Myokines can Explain the Importance of Physical Activity in the Elderly: An Overview. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040378. [PMID: 33019579 PMCID: PMC7712334 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has been found to aid the maintenance of health in the elderly. Exercise-induced skeletal muscle contractions lead to the production and secretion of many small proteins and proteoglycan peptides called myokines. Thus, studies on myokines are necessary for ensuring the maintenance of skeletal muscle health in the elderly. This review summarizes 13 myokines regulated by physical activity that are affected by aging and aims to understand their potential roles in metabolic diseases. We categorized myokines into two groups based on regulation by aerobic and anaerobic exercise. With aging, the secretion of apelin, β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7), decorin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), interleukin-15 (IL-15), irisin, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), sestrin, secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine (SPARC), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) decreased, while that of IL-6 and myostatin increased. Aerobic exercise upregulates apelin, BAIBA, IL-15, IL-6, irisin, SDF-1, sestrin, SPARC, and VEGF-A expression, while anaerobic exercise upregulates BMP-7, decorin, IGF-1, IL-15, IL-6, irisin, and VEGF-A expression. Myostatin is downregulated by both aerobic and anaerobic exercise. This review provides a rationale for developing exercise programs or interventions that maintain a balance between aerobic and anaerobic exercise in the elderly.
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20
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Peng HY, Li MQ, Li HP. MiR-137 Restricts the Viability and Migration of HTR-8/SVneo Cells by Downregulating FNDC5 in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Mol Med 2020; 19:494-505. [PMID: 31109274 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190520100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies have described the pathological changes of placenta tissues in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), although the underlying mechanisms involved in this process remain uncertain. The aim of the present study was to verify the possible role of microRNA-137 (miR)-137 and FNDC5 in regulating the biological function of trophoblasts in high glucose (HG) conditions during the GDM period. METHODS Expression levels of miR-137 and FNDC5 were measured in placenta specimens, the HG-treated trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo and miR-137- overexpressing HTR-8/SVneo cells using reverse transcription quantitative-PCR or western blotting. The viability of HTR-8/SVneo cells was tested using a Cell Counting kit- 8 (CCK8) assay, with cell migration assessed using scratch and transwell assays. RESULTS It was observed that the expression levels of miR-137 were increased and the expression levels of FNDC5 were decreased in the placenta tissues of women with severe GDM and in HG-exposed HTR-8/SVneo cells. In addition, upregulating miR-137 in HTR-8/SVneo cells downregulated the expression levels of FNDC5. The viability and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells were suppressed by increased miR-137 expression levels, and upregulating FNDC5 in miR-137-overexpressing HTR-8/SVneo cells resulted in the reversal of all these effects. CONCLUSIONS The data from the present study suggest that miR-137 suppresses the viability and migration of trophoblasts via downregulating FNDC5 in GDM, which may contribute to the pathology of placenta tissues and occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hua-Ping Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
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21
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Zhang J, Huang X, Yu R, Wang Y, Gao C. Circulating irisin is linked to bone mineral density in geriatric Chinese men. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:763-768. [PMID: 33313413 PMCID: PMC7706135 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While there is evidence of a link between irisin and bone metabolism, prior clinical evaluations have been limited to women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. The primary goal of this evaluation is to examine the relationship between irisin and bone mineral density (BMD) in geriatric Chinese men experiencing osteoporosis or osteopenia. Methods In this case-control study, 43 geriatric Chinese men were verified as having osteoporosis or osteopenia via dual-energy X-ray light absorption spectrophotometry, and 24 subjects were accepted as the controls. Serum irisin levels were detected by a commercial ELISA kit. Results Serum irisin levels were lowered in geriatric Chinese men with osteopenia and osteoporosis, and multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the serum irisin level is an independent factor impacting BMD. Conclusions and discussion Our data confirm a positive correlation between irisin levels and BMD in geriatric Chinese men. Irisin has a protective effect on bone health dependent on BMD, but large clinical trials are still required to verify the irisin and BMD relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Weihai Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 76 Heping Rd, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, P. R. China
| | - Xiaocheng Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Weihai Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 76 Heping Rd, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, P. R. China
| | - Rongbo Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, Weihai Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 76 Heping Rd, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Weihai Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 76 Heping Rd, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, P. R. China
| | - Congcong Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Weihai Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 76 Heping Rd, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, P. R. China
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22
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Badr EAE, Mostafa RG, Awad SM, Marwan H, Abd El-Bary HM, Shehab HEM, Ghanem SE. A pilot study on the relation between irisin single-nucleotide polymorphism and risk of myocardial infarction. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 22:100742. [PMID: 32123756 PMCID: PMC7038008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) is the major cause of death and disability worldwide. Many recent studies revealed the relationship between circulating irisin levels, endothelial dysfunctions and subclinical atherosclerosis in adult patients. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of Irisin gene single nucleotide polymorphism in patients with MI and its association with other clinical and laboratory variables in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was carried out in 100 patients with MI, and 100 healthy subjects served as controls. All studied subjects underwent laboratory investigations, including measurement of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB), troponin I (TnI) and genotyping of rs 3480 and rs726344 of Irisin genes using the TaqMan Allelic Discrimination assay technique. RESULTS There was a significant difference of Irisin genotypes in patients when compared to controls. By estimating odd ratio (OR) an association was found between G allele of rs 3480 and A allele of rs726344with increase the risk of developing myocardial infarction by 4.03 and 3.47 fold respectively. GG of rs 3480 carriers had significantly increased Troponin I and triglyceride levels, while GA carriers of rs726344 had significantly increased CKMB, Total cholesterol, LDLc, HDLc, troponin I and triglyceride levels compared with other genotypes. CONCLUSION G allele of rs 3480 and A allele of rs726344can considered as genetic risk factors for MI; these findings could have an impact on preventive strategy for myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman AE. Badr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Rasha G. Mostafa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Samah M. Awad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, National Liver Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Hala Marwan
- Department of Public Health and Community Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | | | - Hossam EM. Shehab
- Chemist at Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Samar Ebrahim Ghanem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
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Seo DY, Bae JH, Kim TN, Kwak HB, Kha PT, Han J. Exercise-Induced Circulating Irisin Level Is Correlated with Improved Cardiac Function in Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3863. [PMID: 32485990 PMCID: PMC7313080 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Irisin, a recently identified myokine, plays an important physiological role in modulating energy homeostasis. However, the role of irisin in cardiac function during exercise has not been evaluated. In this study, we investigated the effect of exercise on irisin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cardiac function during 12 weeks of exercise in rats. Eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 9 per group): sedentary control (CON) and exercise (EXE) groups. The EXE group was trained on a motorized treadmill at 20 m/min, for 60 min/day, five times/week for 12 weeks. The EXE group showed a decrease in abdominal visceral fat (p < 0.05), epididymal fat (p < 0.01), and total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.05) and an increase in irisin levels (p < 0.01). Irisin negatively correlated with abdominal visceral (p < 0.05) and epididymal fat (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with the ejection fraction (p < 0.05), fractional shortening (p < 0.05), and cardiac output (p < 0.05). In conclusion, exercise decreases the abdominal visceral and epididymal fat and TC levels, possibly caused by elevated irisin levels, thus improving the cardiac function. This suggests that exercise-induced circulating irisin levels correlate with improved cardiac function in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yun Seo
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea; (D.Y.S.); (T.N.K.); (P.T.K.)
- Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje Univeristy, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Jun Hyun Bae
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Tae Nyun Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea; (D.Y.S.); (T.N.K.); (P.T.K.)
- Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje Univeristy, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Pham Trong Kha
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea; (D.Y.S.); (T.N.K.); (P.T.K.)
- Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje Univeristy, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea; (D.Y.S.); (T.N.K.); (P.T.K.)
- Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje Univeristy, Busan 47392, Korea
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Majorczyk M, Staszkiewicz M, Szklarczyk J, Major P, Pisarska M, Wysocki M, Stefura T, Kacprzyk A, Droś J, Hołda MK, Pędziwiatr M, Budzyński A, Jaworek J. The influence of bariatric surgery on serum levels of irisin and nesfatin-1. Acta Chir Belg 2019; 119:363-369. [PMID: 30388390 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2018.1534393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Bariatric surgery is associated with multiple endocrine and metabolic changes. Irisin and nesfatin-1 have recently been described as regulatory peptides involved in obesity-related insulin resistance. Our aim was to analyze the changes of those two molecules observed in patients after bariatric procedures. Materials and methods: This prospective study involved 40 patients treated for morbid obesity. Irisin and nesfatin-1 were measured before, 6 months and 1 year after surgical intervention. We also gathered demographic data, information concerning comorbidities, factors related to the surgery and outcomes of bariatric treatment. Results: Twenty-seven patients completed the study (15 females). The mean age of the group was 43.5 ± 10.4 years. Six (22.2%) patients were submitted to Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy and 21 (77.8%) patients were submitted to Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. The participants in our study achieved significant weight loss. The irisin level remained stable in the whole study group during all three measurements included in our study protocol (p = .71). Our study group presented a reduction of the nesfatin-1 level 6 months after bariatric surgery and a slight further decrease after one-year observation, although these changes were also not significant (p = .17). Conclusions: We did not find any significant correlation between changes of irisin or nesfatin-1 level and bariatric surgery, as an aid in the regulation of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Majorczyk
- Department of Medical Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Staszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- Department Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Szklarczyk
- Department of Medical Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Major
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pisarska
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Cracow, Poland
| | - Michał Wysocki
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stefura
- Students' Scientific Group at 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Artur Kacprzyk
- Students' Scientific Group at 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jakub Droś
- Students' Scientific Group at 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Mateusz K. Hołda
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Michał Pędziwiatr
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Cracow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Budzyński
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Cracow, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jaworek
- Department of Medical Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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25
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Little HC, Rodriguez S, Lei X, Tan SY, Stewart AN, Sahagun A, Sarver DC, Wong GW. Myonectin deletion promotes adipose fat storage and reduces liver steatosis. FASEB J 2019; 33:8666-8687. [PMID: 31002535 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900520r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We recently described myonectin (also known as erythroferrone) as a novel skeletal muscle-derived myokine with metabolic functions. Here, we use a genetic mouse model to determine myonectin's requirement for metabolic homeostasis. Female myonectin-deficient mice had larger gonadal fat pads and developed mild insulin resistance when fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and had reduced food intake during refeeding after an unfed period but were otherwise indistinguishable from wild-type littermates. Male mice lacking myonectin, however, had reduced physical activity when fed ad libitum and in the postprandial state but not during the unfed period. When stressed with an HFD, myonectin-knockout male mice had significantly elevated VLDL-triglyceride (TG) and strikingly impaired lipid clearance from circulation following an oral lipid load. Fat distribution between adipose and liver was also altered in myonectin-deficient male mice fed an HFD. Greater fat storage resulted in significantly enlarged adipocytes and was associated with increased postprandial lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue. Parallel to this was a striking reduction in liver steatosis due to significantly reduced TG accumulation. Liver metabolite profiling revealed additional significant changes in bile acids and 1-carbon metabolism pathways. Combined, our data affirm the physiologic importance of myonectin in regulating local and systemic lipid metabolism.-Little, H. C., Rodriguez, S., Lei, X., Tan, S. Y., Stewart, A. N., Sahagun, A., Sarver, D. C., Wong, G. W. Myonectin deletion promotes adipose fat storage and reduces liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Little
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susana Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefanie Y Tan
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley N Stewart
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ageline Sahagun
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dylan C Sarver
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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26
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Cao RY, Zheng H, Redfearn D, Yang J. FNDC5: A novel player in metabolism and metabolic syndrome. Biochimie 2019; 158:111-116. [PMID: 30611879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Half a decade ago, transmembrane protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) was found to be cleaved as a novel myokine irisin, which burst into prominence for browning of white adipose tissue during exercise. However, FNDC5, the precursor of irisin, has been paid relatively little attention compared with irisin despite evidence that FNDC5 is associated with the metabolic syndrome, which accounts for one-fourth of the world's adult population and contributes to diabetes, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Besides N-terminal and C-terminal sequences, the FNDC5 protein contains an irisin domain and a short transmembrane region. FNDC5 has shown to be widely distribute in different tissues and is highly expressed in heart, brain, liver, and skeletal muscle. Clinical studies have demonstrated that FNDC5 is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and dysregulation of FNDC5 will lead to systemic metabolism imbalance and the onset of metabolic disorders. Growing evidence has suggested that FNDC5 gene polymorphisms are related to health and disease in different human populations. Additionally, FNDC5 has been found relevant to the regulation of metabolism and metabolic syndrome through diverse upstream and downstream signaling pathways in experimental studies. The present review summarizes the characteristics, clinical significance, and molecular mechanisms of FNDC5 in metabolic syndrome and proposes a novel concept that FNDC5 is activated by forming a putative ligand-receptor complex. Knowledge about the role of FNDC5 may be translated into drug development and clinical applications for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y Cao
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Program, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University/Shanghai Clinical Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Hongchao Zheng
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Program, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University/Shanghai Clinical Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Damian Redfearn
- Department of Medicine, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Jian Yang
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Program, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University/Shanghai Clinical Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic inflammation, adipokines, and hepatokines have been identified as basis of insulin resistance and β cell failure in animal models. We present our current knowledge concerning the potential relationship between these cytokines, inflammation, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the pediatric population. RECENT FINDINGS Pro-inflammatory cytokines related to insulin resistance and MetS in children are tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, interferon gamma, pigment epithelium-derived factor, chemerin, vaspin, and fetuin A. Anti-inflammatory cytokines associated with insulin resistance and MetS in children are leptin, adiponectin, omentin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21, osteocalcin, and irisin. These anti-inflammatory cytokines are decreased (adiponectin, omentin, and osteocalcin) or increased (leptin, FGF-21, and irisin) in obesity suggesting a resistance state. TNF-α, fetuin A, and FGF-21 are altered in obese children with T2DM suggesting an involvement in β cell failure. These cytokines, adipokines, and hepatokines may be able to predict development of MetS and T2DM and have a potential therapeutic target ameliorating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reinehr
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Dr. F. Steiner Str. 5, D-45711, Datteln, Germany.
| | - Christian Ludwig Roth
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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28
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Genetic risk score based on fat mass and obesity-associated, transmembrane protein 18 and fibronectin type III domain containing 5 polymorphisms is associated with anthropometric characteristics in South Brazilian children and adolescents. Br J Nutr 2018; 121:93-99. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe prevalence of childhood obesity has increased worldwide. Although it is considered a polygenic inheritance disease, little is known about its susceptibility when the additive effect is considered. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the genetic risk score (GRS) based on previously associated obesity polymorphisms (SNP) rs9939609 (fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO)), rs6548238 (transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18)) and rs16835198 (fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5)) could serve as a predictor for anthropometric characteristics in a sample of Brazilian children and adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with 1471 children and adolescents aged 6–17 years. BMI, waist circumference (WC) and percentage of body fat and metabolic parameters were verified. In all, three SNP were genotyped by TaqMan™ allelic discrimination. The metabolic and anthropometric parameters were compared between the genotypes, and the unweighted and weighted GRS (GRS and wGRS, respectively) were created to test the additive effect of these genetic polymorphisms on anthropometric parameters. The prevalence of overweight plus obesity was 41 %. Significant associations were identified forFTOrs9939609,TMEM18rs6548238 andFNDC5rs16835198 and for GRS and wGRS with anthropometric phenotypes. The higher score of wGRS was associated with obesity (OR: 2·65, 95 % CI 1·40, 5·04,P=0·003) and with greater WC (OR: 2·91, 95 % CI 1·57, 5·40,P=0·001). Our results suggest that these genetic variants contribute to obesity susceptibility in children and adolescents and reinforce the idea that the additive effect may be useful to elucidate the genetic component of obesity.
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29
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Wang P, Ma HH, Hou XZ, Song LL, Song XL, Zhang JF. Reduced plasma level of irisin in first trimester as a risk factor for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 142:130-138. [PMID: 29852234 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the association of first trimester irisin concentrations and the subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS This cohort study was conducted at three maternity centers in China from July 2015 to June 2016. Data for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and irisin concentrations in the first trimester and one-step GDM screening with 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Plasma from women was available for 1150 women, of whom 135 (11.7%) developed GDM. The median value of irisin in those included women was 141.2 (IQR, 99.4-192.9) ng/ml. In multivariate models comparing the first (Q1), second (Q2) and third (Q3) quartiles against the fourth (Q4) quartile of irisin, levels of irisin in Q1 and Q2 were associated with GDM, and increased risk of GDM by 440% (odds ratios [OR] = 5.40; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.35-11.40) and 283% (OR: 3.83; 95%CI: 1.63-8.01). A model containing known risk factors plus irisin compared with a model containing known risk factors without irisin showed a greater discriminatory ability to predict GDM, the area under the curve (AUC) increased from 0.776 to 0.809. A significant difference in the AUC between the clinical variables alone and the addition of irisin level was observed (difference, 0.034; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Reduced plasma levels of irisin in first trimester was associated with the increased risk of GDM and might be useful in identifying women at risk for GDM for early prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Obstetrical Department 1, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - He-Hong Ma
- Obstetrical Department 1, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Hou
- Obstetrical Department 1, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - Li-Li Song
- Obstetrical Department 1, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - Xiao-Long Song
- Obstetrical Department 1, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhang
- Obstetrical Department 1, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China.
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30
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Stadion M, Schwerbel K, Graja A, Baumeier C, Rödiger M, Jonas W, Wolfrum C, Staiger H, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Klöting N, Blüher M, Fischer-Posovszky P, Schulz TJ, Joost HG, Vogel H, Schürmann A. Increased Ifi202b/IFI16 expression stimulates adipogenesis in mice and humans. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1167-1179. [PMID: 29478099 PMCID: PMC6448999 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Obesity results from a constant and complex interplay between environmental stimuli and predisposing genes. Recently, we identified the IFN-activated gene Ifi202b as the most likely gene responsible for the obesity quantitative trait locus Nob3 (New Zealand Obese [NZO] obesity 3). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ifi202b on body weight and adipose tissue biology, and to clarify the functional role of its human orthologue IFI16. METHODS The impact of Ifi202b and its human orthologue IFI16 on adipogenesis was investigated by modulating their respective expression in murine 3T3-L1 and human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) pre-adipocytes. Furthermore, transgenic mice overexpressing IFI202b were generated and characterised with respect to metabolic traits. In humans, expression levels of IFI16 in adipose tissue were correlated with several variables of adipocyte function. RESULTS In mice, IFI202b overexpression caused obesity (Δ body weight at the age of 30 weeks: 10.2 ± 1.9 g vs wild-type mice) marked by hypertrophic fat mass expansion, increased expression of Zfp423 (encoding the transcription factor zinc finger protein [ZFP] 423) and white-selective genes (Tcf21, Tle3), and decreased expression of thermogenic genes (e.g. Cidea, Ucp1). Compared with their wild-type littermates, Ifi202b transgenic mice displayed lower body temperature, hepatosteatosis and systemic insulin resistance. Suppression of IFI202b/IFI16 in pre-adipocytes impaired adipocyte differentiation and triacylglycerol storage. Humans with high levels of IFI16 exhibited larger adipocytes, an enhanced inflammatory state and impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in white adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings reveal novel functions of Ifi202b and IFI16, demonstrating their role as obesity genes. These genes promote white adipogenesis and fat storage, thereby facilitating the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Stadion
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristin Schwerbel
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Graja
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Christian Baumeier
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Rödiger
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wenke Jonas
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Harald Staiger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim J Schulz
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Joost
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heike Vogel
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Salem H, Yatchenko Y, Anosov M, Rosenfeld T, Altarescu G, Grisaru-Granovsky S, Birk R. Maternal and neonatal irisin precursor gene FNDC5 polymorphism is associated with preterm birth. Gene 2018; 649:58-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Cai C, Qian L, Jiang S, Sun Y, Wang Q, Ma D, Xiao G, Li B, Xie S, Gao T, Chen Y, Liu J, An X, Cui W, Li K. Loss-of-function myostatin mutation increases insulin sensitivity and browning of white fat in Meishan pigs. Oncotarget 2018; 8:34911-34922. [PMID: 28432282 PMCID: PMC5471021 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin-deficient mice showed a remarkable hypertrophy of skeletal muscle, with a decreased fat mass and enhanced insulin sensitivity. Currently, it is unclear if the inhibition of myostatin could be used as an approach to treat human obesity and insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated if the inhibition of porcine myostatin has any effect on fat deposition and insulin sensitivity using genetically engineered Meishan pigs containing a myostatin loss-of-function mutation (Mstn−/− ). Our results indicated that, when compared with wild-type pigs, the amount of subcutaneous fat and leaf fat of Mstn−/− pigs were significantly decreased mainly due to the browning of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Additionally, the serum insulin level decreased and the insulin sensitivity increased significantly in Mstn−/− pigs. Moreover, we found a significant increase in levels of insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate proteins in skeletal muscle of Mstn−/− pigs, which then activating the insulin signaling pathway. Irisin-mediated regulation is not the only pathway for the activation of insulin signal in Mstn−/− skeletal muscle. This study provides valuable insight for the treatment of human obesity and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Cai
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Agro Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lili Qian
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Agro Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shengwang Jiang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Youde Sun
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Dezun Ma
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Gaojun Xiao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Biao Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ting Gao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Xiaorong An
- State Key Laboratory of Agro Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Kui Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
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Serum levels of irisin predict short-term outcomes in ischemic stroke. Cytokine 2018; 122:154303. [PMID: 29472066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Irisin is a 112-amino acid peptide found in rat and human skeletal muscle after exercise. Previous studies had suggested that higher circulating irisin levels were associated with an increased risk of vascular atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we determined irisin levels in serum, and investigated their associations with functional outcomes in a 3-month follow-up study in Chinese patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS From September 2015 to December 2016, consecutive first-ever AIS patients admitted to the Department of Emergency of our hospital were identified. Serum irisin levels were measured at admission. Functional impairment was evaluated at discharge using the modified Rankin scale. The levels of irisin were expressed as median and interquartile ranges [IQR]. RESULTS The irisin level was obtained in 324 patients (97.6%) with a median value of 291.2 ng/ml (IQR: 214.1-404.2 ng/ml). There were significantly negative correlations between levels of irisin and NHISS (r = -0.272; P < 0.001) and BMI (r = -0.193; P = 0.003). A poor functional outcome was found in 99 patients (30.6%; 95%CI: 25.5-35.6%). The poor functional outcome distribution across the irisin quartiles ranged between 51.9% (first quartile: Q1) to 12.4% (fourth quartile: Q4). In a multivariate model using the Q1 of irisin vs. Q2-4 together with the clinical variables, the marker displayed prognostic information and increased risk of poor outcomes by 94% (OR for Q1, 1.94 [95% CI, 1.19-3.42]; P = 0.018) and mortality 66% (OR for Q1, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.11-3.07]; P = 0.009). In addition, a model containing known risk factors plus irisin compared with a model containing known risk factors without irisin showed a greater discriminatory ability to predict poor outcomes (P = 0.01) and mortality (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS A low serum irisin level is a predictor of poor early functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients. The underlying mechanisms of these associations remain to be investigated.
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Sahin-Efe A, Upadhyay J, Ko BJ, Dincer F, Park KH, Migdal A, Vokonas P, Mantzoros C. Irisin and leptin concentrations in relation to obesity, and developing type 2 diabetes: A cross sectional and a prospective case-control study nested in the Normative Aging Study. Metabolism 2018; 79:24-32. [PMID: 29108900 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between irisin and leptin levels in obesity and insulin resistance in a cross sectional study. To assess the potential role of irisin and leptin as a predictive marker of T2DM using a nested case-control study. METHODS Both studies were designed within the longitudinal VA NAS cohort. The cross sectional study involved 111 non obese and 105 obese subjects who were subdivided into two groups based on their fasting glucose tolerance. In the nested 1:3 case-control study, 47 subjects with T2DM and 140 non-diabetic controls were selected. Serum samples collected 3-5 years before the diagnosis of T2DM were analyzed. Irisin and leptin concentrations were measured using a validated ELISA and radioimmunoassay respectively. RESULTS In the cross-sectional study, irisin did not differ between groups based on their fasting glucose tolerance. When subjects were grouped based on obesity status, both irisin and leptin concentrations were significantly higher in obese compared to the non-obese group (p=0.03 and <0.001, respectively). Irisin concentrations positively correlated with leptin concentrations (r= 0.392, P < 0.001). In the nested case control study, leptin concentrations were a significant predictor of developing diabetes (p=0.005) in unadjusted models, but not after correcting for BMI, whereas irisin concentrations did not play a role of comparable significance. CONCLUSIONS Leptin concentrations are higher in the obese group irrespective of their glucose tolerance. Obese individuals with impaired fasting glucose have higher concentrations of circulating irisin compared to non-obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Irisin concentrations do not predict risk of developing diabetes prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Sahin-Efe
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jagriti Upadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Byung-Joon Ko
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fadime Dincer
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexandra Migdal
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- Normative Aging Study, VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University Schools of Public Health and Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christos Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
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Fuku N, Díaz-Peña R, Arai Y, Abe Y, Zempo H, Naito H, Murakami H, Miyachi M, Spuch C, Serra-Rexach JA, Emanuele E, Hirose N, Lucia A. Epistasis, physical capacity-related genes and exceptional longevity: FNDC5 gene interactions with candidate genes FOXOA3 and APOE. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:803. [PMID: 29143599 PMCID: PMC5688477 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forkhead box O3A (FOXOA3) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) are arguably the strongest gene candidates to influence human exceptional longevity (EL, i.e., being a centenarian), but inconsistency exists among cohorts. Epistasis, defined as the effect of one locus being dependent on the presence of 'modifier genes', may contribute to explain the missing heritability of complex phenotypes such as EL. We assessed the potential association of epistasis among candidate polymorphisms related to physical capacity, as well as antioxidant defense and cardiometabolic traits, and EL in the Japanese population. A total of 1565 individuals were studied, subdivided into 822 middle-aged controls and 743 centenarians. RESULTS We found a FOXOA3 rs2802292 T-allele-dependent association of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FDNC5) rs16835198 with EL: the frequency of carriers of the FOXOA3 rs2802292 T-allele among individuals with the rs16835198 GG genotype was significantly higher in cases than in controls (P < 0.05). On the other hand, among non-carriers of the APOE 'risk' ε4-allele, the frequency of the FDNC5 rs16835198 G-allele was higher in cases than in controls (48.4% vs. 43.6%, P < 0.05). Among carriers of the 'non-risk' APOE ε2-allele, the frequency of the rs16835198 G-allele was higher in cases than in controls (49% vs. 37.3%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The association of FDNC5 rs16835198 with EL seems to depend on the presence of the FOXOA3 rs2802292 T-allele and we report a novel association between FNDC5 rs16835198 stratified by the presence of the APOE ε2/ε4-allele and EL. More research on 'gene*gene' and 'gene*environment' effects is needed in the field of EL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Roberto Díaz-Peña
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, URV. CIBERSAM, Reus, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Yasumichi Arai
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Abe
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Zempo
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Neurology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Centro de investigación biomédica en red del área de salud mental (CIBERSAM), Vigo, Spain
| | - José A Serra-Rexach
- Centro de investigación biomédica en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nobuyoshi Hirose
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- European University and Research Institute i+12, Madrid, Spain
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Influence of common polymorphisms in the SLC5A2 gene on metabolic traits in subjects at increased risk of diabetes and on response to empagliflozin treatment in patients with diabetes. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2017; 27:135-142. [PMID: 28134748 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inhibition of the renal sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is a novel concept in the therapy of diabetes mellitus. In this study, we first assessed whether common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SGLT2-encoding gene SLC5A2 affect diabetes-related metabolic traits in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes and, second, whether these have pharmacogenetic relevance by interfering with the response to empagliflozin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Samples from a metabolically well-phenotyped cross-sectional study population (total N=2600) at increased risk for type 2 diabetes and pooled pharmacogenetic samples from patients from four phase III trials of empagliflozin (in total: 603 receiving empagliflozin, 305 receiving placebo) were genotyped for five common SNPs (minor allele frequencies ≥5%) present in the SLC5A2 gene locus. RESULTS In the cross-sectional study, none of the SLC5A2 SNPs significantly influenced metabolic traits such as body fat, insulin sensitivity/resistance, insulin release, HbA1c, plasma glucose, or systolic blood pressure when multiple testing was taken into account (all P≥0.0083). Further, no relevant effect on response to treatment with empagliflozin on HbA1c, fasting glucose, weight, or systolic blood pressure was observed for the SNPs tested in the pharmacogenetic study. CONCLUSION Common genetic variants in the SLC5A2 gene neither affects diabetes-related metabolic traits nor have a clinically relevant impact on response to treatment with the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin.
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Ates I, Arikan MF, Erdogan K, Kaplan M, Yuksel M, Topcuoglu C, Yilmaz N, Guler S. Factors associated with increased irisin levels in the type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Regul 2017; 51:1-7. [PMID: 28222023 DOI: 10.1515/enr-2017-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to determine the irisin levels in patients with the type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to examine the relation of irisin levels with the inflammation and autoimmunity. METHODS This study included 35 cases diagnosed with T1DM and 36 healthy volunteers. Antiglutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD), islet cell antibody (ICA), and insulin autoantibody levels were measured in patients at the time when they were included into the study and recorded from the patient files. Serum irisin levels were measured by ELISA kit. RESULTS The median irisin levels were determined higher in T1DM group compared to the control one (6.8 ng/ml vs. 4.8 ng/ml, p=0.022; respectively). Median irisin levels were higher in anti-GAD (p=0.022) and ICA (p=0.044) positive groups compared to negative groups. In T1DM group, irisin levels displayed positive correlation with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r=0.377, p<0.001) and anti-GAD (r=0.392, p=0.020) and negative correlation with creatinine (r=-0390, p=0.021). In multivariate regression model, HbA1c (B±SE: 2.76±17683, p<0.001), and anti-GAD (B±SE: 2.311±0.610, p=0.001) were determined as independent predictors for predicting the irisin levels. CONCLUSION In patients with T1DM, which chronic inflammation and autoimmunity take part in their etiopathogenesis, anti-GAD levels were an independent risk factor for the irisin. Th is may suggest that factors such as inflammation and autoimmunity can be effective in the synthesis of irisin.
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Petta S, Valenti L, Svegliati-Baroni G, Ruscica M, Pipitone RM, Dongiovanni P, Rychlicki C, Ferri N, Cammà C, Fracanzani AL, Pierantonelli I, Di Marco V, Meroni M, Giordano D, Grimaudo S, Maggioni M, Cabibi D, Fargion S, Craxì A. Fibronectin Type III Domain-Containing Protein 5 rs3480 A>G Polymorphism, Irisin, and Liver Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:2660-2669. [PMID: 28472477 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Contrasting data have been reported on the role of irisin, a novel myokine encoded by the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) gene, in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis. We tested in patients with suspected nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) the association of FNDC5 variants, hepatic expression, and circulating irisin with liver damage (F2 to F4 fibrosis as main outcome). We also investigated whether irisin modulates hepatocellular fat accumulation and stellate cell activation in experimental models. METHODS We considered 593 consecutive patients who underwent liver biopsy for suspected NASH and 192 patients with normal liver enzymes and without steatosis. FNDC5 rs3480 and rs726344 genotypes were assessed by 5' nuclease assays. Hepatic irisin expression was evaluated in mice fed a high-fat diet or treated with CCl4. The effect of irisin was evaluated in fat-laden HepG2 hepatocytes and in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). RESULTS In patients at risk for NASH [odds ratio (OR) = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47 to 0.87; P = 0.005], and more so in the high-risk subgroup of those with impaired fasting glucose/diabetes (OR = 0.44, 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.74; P = 0.002), the rs3480 A>G variant was independently associated with protection from F2 to F4 fibrosis. Irisin is expressed in human activated HSC, where it mediated fibrogenic actions and collagen synthesis, and is overexpressed in NAFLD patients with F2 to F4 fibrosis and CCl4-treated mice. However, Irisin does not affect fat accumulation in HepG2 and is not induced by high-fat-diet-inducing NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS The FNDC5 rs3480 variant is associated with protection from clinically significant fibrosis in patients with NAFLD, while irisin expression is correlated with the severity of NAFLD and may be involved in extracellular matrix deposition. These data suggest that irisin is involved in regulation of hepatic fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi, Internal Medicine, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy
- Obesity Center, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Dongiovanni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi, Internal Medicine, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Rychlicki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy
- Obesity Center, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Padova University, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Calogero Cammà
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi, Internal Medicine, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Pierantonelli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy
- Obesity Center, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy
| | - Vito Di Marco
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marica Meroni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi, Internal Medicine, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Giordano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy
- Obesity Center, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Maggioni
- Pathology, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Cabibi
- Department of Science for Promotion of Health and Mother and Child Care, Section of Human Pathology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Fargion
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi, Internal Medicine, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
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Khidr EG, Ali SS, Elshafey MM, Fawzy OA. Association of irisin and FNDC5 rs16835198 G > T gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. An Egyptian pilot study. Gene 2017; 626:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Bastu E, Zeybek U, Gurel Gurevin E, Yüksel Ozgor B, Celik F, Okumus N, Demiral I, Dural O, Celik C, Bulut H, Ilkay Armutak E, Baysal B, Buyru F, Yeh J. Effects of Irisin and Exercise on Metabolic Parameters and Reproductive Hormone Levels in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Female Mice. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:281-291. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117711264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Bastu
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umit Zeybek
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Gurel Gurevin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Yüksel Ozgor
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Faruk Celik
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazli Okumus
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Demiral
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Dural
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Celik
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huri Bulut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ilkay Armutak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bulent Baysal
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Faruk Buyru
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - John Yeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Binay Ç, Paketçi C, Güzel S, Samancı N. Serum Irisin and Oxytocin Levels as Predictors of Metabolic Parameters in Obese Children. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2017; 9:124-131. [PMID: 28077341 PMCID: PMC5463284 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.3963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Irisin and oxytocin can affect energy homeostasis and it has been suggested that they may play an important role in reducing obesity and diabetes. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between metabolic parameters (including irisin and oxytocin levels) and anthropometric parameters in obese children. METHODS Ninety obese children (mean age, 13.85±1.63 years) and 30 healthy controls (mean age, 14.32±1.58 years) were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric and laboratory parameters (glucose, insulin, lipid, oxytocin, and irisin levels) were analyzed. The serum irisin and oxytocin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bioelectrical impedance was used to determine body composition. RESULTS Irisin level was higher in the patients than in the controls (p=0.018), and this higher irisin level was correlated with increased systolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, fat percentage, fat mass, glucose level, insulin level, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Serum oxytocin level was significantly decreased in obese children compared to the controls (p=0.049). Also, among the 60 obese patients, oxytocin level was significantly lower in patients with than in those without metabolic syndrome (8.65±2.69 vs. 10.87±5.93 ng/L, respectively), while irisin levels were comparable (p=0.049 and p=0.104, respectively). There were no statistically significant relationships between oxytocin or irisin levels and lipid levels (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Obese children had significantly higher irisin levels than the healthy controls. Additionally, this study shows for the first time that oxytocin level is significantly lower in obese compared with non-obese children and also lower in obese children with metabolic syndrome compared to those without.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Binay
- Tekirdağ Çorlu State Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Tekirdağ, Turkey, Phone: +90 532 377 14 96 E-mail:
| | - Cem Paketçi
- Namık Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Savaş Güzel
- Namık Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Nedim Samancı
- Namık Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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Sadim M, Xu Y, Selig K, Paulus J, Uthe R, Agarwl S, Dubin I, Oikonomopoulou P, Zaichenko L, McCandlish SA, Van Horn L, Mantzoros C, Ankerst DP, Kaklamani VG. A prospective evaluation of clinical and genetic predictors of weight changes in breast cancer survivors. Cancer 2017; 123:2413-2421. [PMID: 28195643 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postdiagnosis weight gain in patients with breast cancer has been associated with increased cancer recurrence and mortality. This study was designed to identify risk factors for weight gain and create a predictive model to identify a high-risk population for targeted interventions. METHODS The weight of 393 patients with breast cancer from the Northwestern Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center was measured over a 2-year period from diagnosis, with body mass index (BMI) change over 18 months as the primary endpoint. Demographics, clinical factors, treatment methods, as well as tumor characteristics were also recorded; and a lifestyle questionnaire was conducted. Blood samples were genotyped for 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms in FTO, adiponectin pathway genes (ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1), and FNDC5. Serum leptin, adiponectin, and irisin levels also were measured. RESULTS Mean ± standard deviation 18-month BMI changes were 0.68 ± 1.42, 0.98 ± 1.62, 0.79 ± 1.74, and -0.44 ± 1.58 kg/m2 for patients ages <40, 40 to 49, 50 to 59, and ≥60 years, respectively. The optimal multivariable model for 18-month BMI change contained the predictors age, height, and endocrine therapy, but only age was statistically significant, with a 0.04 kg/m2 increase in 18-month BMI change per younger year of age. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in ADIPOR1, FTO, and FNDC5 were associated with 18-month BMI change, and the first 2 remained significant after adjusting for the optimal clinical model (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Women age 60 years and younger at the time of breast cancer diagnosis who have an obesity genetic risk model are at increased risk for weight gain after treatment and should be targeted for weight-maintenance interventions. Cancer 2017;123:2413-21. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Sadim
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yanfei Xu
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katharina Selig
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julie Paulus
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Uthe
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Surbhi Agarwl
- Rush University Medical Center School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Iram Dubin
- University of California-Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Lesya Zaichenko
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christos Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Virginia G Kaklamani
- Cancer Treatment Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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43
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Adamska A, Karczewska-Kupczewska M, Lebkowska A, Milewski R, Górska M, Otziomek E, Nikolajuk A, Wolczynski S, Kowalska I. Serum irisin and its regulation by hyperinsulinemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocr J 2016; 63:1107-1112. [PMID: 27616010 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is an adipokine/myokine which could be connected with insulin sensitivity. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by oligo- or anovulation, polycystic ovary, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between serum irisin concentration and insulin sensitivity (Mffm) as well as the effect of insulin infusion on circulating irisin levels in PCOS women as compared with healthy controls. Seventy seven women were enrolled in the study - 57 with PCOS and 20 healthy controls matched for BMI and age. Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps were performed in all of the study participants. The serum concentrations of irisin at baseline and after the clamp, as well as changes of serum irisin concentration in response to insulin supplied during the clamp (Δ irisin), were estimated. The mean serum concentrations of irisin at baseline and after hyperinsulinemia were higher in PCOS women in comparison to the control group (p=0.01; p=0.006, respectively). Insulin infusion resulted in a decrease of serum irisin concentration only in the PCOS group (p=0.007). In the control group, Δ irisin positively correlated with Mffm (r=0.56, p=0.009). In the entire group, multiple regression analysis showed that Δ irisin (β=0.70, p=0.0002), FFAs 60' during the clamp study (β=-0.22, p=0.01), SHBG (β=0.54, p<0.0001) and the interaction between Δ irisin and PCOS (β=-0.67, p=0.0004) were significantly associated with Mffm. The higher serum irisin concentrations at baseline and in response to insulin infusion might be secondary to insulin resistant conditions in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Adamska
- Department of the Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-089, Poland
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Fukushima Y, Kurose S, Shinno H, Thi Thu HC, Takao N, Tsutsumi H, Hasegawa T, Nakajima T, Kimura Y. Effects of Body Weight Reduction on Serum Irisin and Metabolic Parameters in Obese Subjects. Diabetes Metab J 2016; 40:386-395. [PMID: 27766246 PMCID: PMC5069395 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2016.40.5.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin is a myokine implicated in lipid and glucose metabolism. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of a body weight reduction on the serum irisin level and physical indicators in obese Japanese patients without diabetes. METHODS The subjects were 22 patients (male/female, 5/17; age, 46.1±16.0 years; body mass index [BMI], 36.9±5.0 kg/m2) who completed a 6-month body weight reduction program at our clinic. The program included diet, exercise therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. Blood parameters, body composition, exercise tolerance, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum irisin were determined before and after intervention, and relationships among changes in these data were examined. RESULTS There were significant decreases in body weight and BMI after the intervention. Irisin before the intervention was significantly positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=0.434, P<0.05). The mean irisin level showed no significant change after the intervention in all participants. However, improvements in % body fat, subcutaneous fat area, triglycerides, and fasting glucose were significantly greater in patients with an increase in irisin compared to those with a decrease in irisin after the intervention. Patients with an increase in irisin also had significantly lower fasting insulin (9.7±4.8 vs. 16.4±8.2, P<0.05) and HOMA-IR (2.2±1.1 vs. 3.7±1.6, P<0.05) after the intervention, compared to patients with a decrease in irisin. CONCLUSION Body weight reduction did not alter irisin levels. However, irisin may play important roles in fat and glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, and the effects of body weight reduction on irisin kinetics may be a key for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaeko Fukushima
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kurose
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirakata, Japan
- Disease Prevention Center, Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi Shinno
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Ha Cao Thi Thu
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Nana Takao
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tsutsumi
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hasegawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kimura
- Department of Health Science, Kansai Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirakata, Japan
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
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45
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Varela-Rodríguez BM, Pena-Bello L, Juiz-Valiña P, Vidal-Bretal B, Cordido F, Sangiao-Alvarellos S. FNDC5 expression and circulating irisin levels are modified by diet and hormonal conditions in hypothalamus, adipose tissue and muscle. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29898. [PMID: 27432282 PMCID: PMC4949437 DOI: 10.1038/srep29898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin is processed from fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). However, a controversy exists concerning irisin origin, regulation and function. To elucidate the relationship between serum irisin and FNDC5 mRNA expression levels, we evaluated plasma irisin levels and FNDC5 gene expression in the hypothalamus, gastrocnemius muscle and different depots of adipose tissue in models of altered metabolism. In normal rats, blood irisin levels diminished after 48-h fast and with leptin, insulin and alloxan treatments, and serum irisin concentrations increased in diabetic rats after insulin treatment and acute treatments of irisin increased blood insulin levels. No changes were observed during long-term experiments with different diets. We suggested that levels of circulating irisin are the result of the sum of the irisin produced by different depots of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. This study shows for the first time that there are differences in FNDC5 expression depending on white adipose tissue depots. Moreover, a considerable decrease in visceral and epididymal adipose tissue depots correlated with increased FNDC5 mRNA expression levels, probably in an attempt to compensate the decrease that occurs in their mass. Hypothalamic FNDC5 expression did not change for any of the tested diets but increased with leptin, insulin and metformin treatments suggesting that the regulation of central and peripheral FNDC5/irisin expression and functions are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. M. Varela-Rodríguez
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Science, University of A Coruña, Campus de Oza, 15006, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Xubias de Arriba, 84. 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - L. Pena-Bello
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Science, University of A Coruña, Campus de Oza, 15006, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Xubias de Arriba, 84. 15006, A Coruña, Spain
- Division of endocrinology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - P. Juiz-Valiña
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Science, University of A Coruña, Campus de Oza, 15006, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Xubias de Arriba, 84. 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - B. Vidal-Bretal
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Science, University of A Coruña, Campus de Oza, 15006, Spain
| | - F. Cordido
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Science, University of A Coruña, Campus de Oza, 15006, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Xubias de Arriba, 84. 15006, A Coruña, Spain
- Division of endocrinology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - S. Sangiao-Alvarellos
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Science, University of A Coruña, Campus de Oza, 15006, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Xubias de Arriba, 84. 15006, A Coruña, Spain
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Zhou X, Li R, Liu X, Wang L, Hui P, Chan L, Saha PK, Hu Z. ROCK1 reduces mitochondrial content and irisin production in muscle suppressing adipocyte browning and impairing insulin sensitivity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29669. [PMID: 27411515 PMCID: PMC4944137 DOI: 10.1038/srep29669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin reportedly promotes the conversion of preadipocytes into "brown-like" adipocytes within subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) via a mechanism that stimulates UCP-1 expression. An increase in plasma irisin has been associated with improved obesity and insulin resistance in mice with type 2 diabetes. But whether a low level of irisin stimulates the development of obesity has not been determined. In studying mice with muscle-specific constitutive ROCK1 activation (mCaROCK1), we found that irisin production was down-regulated and the mice developed obesity and insulin resistance. Therefore, we studied the effects of irisin deficiency on energy metabolism in mCaROCK1 mice. Constitutively activation of ROCK1 in muscle suppressed irisin expression in muscle resulting in a low level of irisin in circulation. Irisin deficiency reduced heat production and decreased the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and subcutaneous WAT. Moreover, mCaROCK1 mice also displayed impaired glucose tolerance. Notably, irisin replenishment in mCaROCK1 mice partially reversed insulin resistance and obesity and these changes were associated with increased expression of UCP1 and Pref-1 in subcutaneous WAT. These results demonstrate that irisin mediates muscle-adipose tissue communication and regulates energy and glucose homeostasis. Irisin administration can correct obesity and insulin resistance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Nephrology Division, Shanxi Province People’s Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Nephrology Division, Shanxi Province People’s Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Nephrology Division, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Nephrology Division, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Peng Hui
- Nephrology Division, The third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lawrence Chan
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pradip K. Saha
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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47
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Identification of proliferative and mature β-cells in the islets of Langerhans. Nature 2016; 535:430-4. [PMID: 27398620 DOI: 10.1038/nature18624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-dependent diabetes is a complex multifactorial disorder characterized by loss or dysfunction of β-cells. Pancreatic β-cells differ in size, glucose responsiveness, insulin secretion and precursor cell potential; understanding the mechanisms that underlie this functional heterogeneity might make it possible to develop new regenerative approaches. Here we show that Fltp (also known as Flattop and Cfap126), a Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) effector and reporter gene acts as a marker gene that subdivides endocrine cells into two subpopulations and distinguishes proliferation-competent from mature β-cells with distinct molecular, physiological and ultrastructural features. Genetic lineage tracing revealed that endocrine subpopulations from Fltp-negative and -positive lineages react differently to physiological and pathological changes. The expression of Fltp increases when endocrine cells cluster together to form polarized and mature 3D islet mini-organs. We show that 3D architecture and Wnt/PCP ligands are sufficient to trigger β-cell maturation. By contrast, the Wnt/PCP effector Fltp is not necessary for β-cell development, proliferation or maturation. We conclude that 3D architecture and Wnt/PCP signalling underlie functional β-cell heterogeneity and induce β-cell maturation. The identification of Fltp as a marker for endocrine subpopulations sheds light on the molecular underpinnings of islet cell heterogeneity and plasticity and might enable targeting of endocrine subpopulations for the regeneration of functional β-cell mass in diabetic patients.
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48
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Yilmaz H, Cakmak M, Darcin T, Inan O, Sahiner E, Demir C, Aktas A, Bilgic MA, Akcay A. Circulating irisin levels reflect visceral adiposity in non-diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis. Ren Fail 2016; 38:914-9. [PMID: 27089215 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2016.1172918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that increased visceral adiposity is a strong independent risk factor for cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Irisin, which is a novel myokine, can play critical roles in diabetes and adiposity. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether serum irisin levels are associated with body mass index, waist circumference (WC), and total fat mass in non-diabetic patients undergoing maintenance HD. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 108 non-diabetic HD patients and 40 age- and sex-matched apparently healthy subjects. Serum irisin concentrations were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Body fat composition (TBF-410 Tanita Body Composition Analyzer) was measured and calculated. RESULTS Serum irisin levels did not differ between HD patients and the healthy controls (523.50 ± 229.32 vs. 511.28 ± 259.74, p = 0.782). Serum irisin levels were associated with age (r = 0.314; p =0.006), HOMA-IR (r = 0.472; p = 0.003), WC (r = 0.862; p < 0.001), and total fat mass (r = 0.614; p < 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, WC (β = 1.240, p < 0.001) and total fat mass (β = 0.792, p = 0.015) were the variables that were significantly associated with irisin concentrations (R(2 )=( )0.684, p < 0.001) after adjusting for confounding factors (age and HOMA-IR). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that serum irisin levels are related to visceral adiposity in non-diabetic HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakki Yilmaz
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology , Dr. A. Y. Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Cakmak
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Turgut Ozal University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Tahir Darcin
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Osman Inan
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Artvin State Hospital , Artvin , Turkey
| | - Enes Sahiner
- e Department of Internal Medicine , Ankara Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Canan Demir
- f Department of Endocrinology , Dr. A. Y. Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Aynur Aktas
- f Department of Endocrinology , Dr. A. Y. Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mukadder Ayse Bilgic
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Turgut Ozal University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ali Akcay
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Turgut Ozal University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
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49
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Al-Daghri NM, Mohammed AK, Al-Attas OS, Amer OE, Clerici M, Alenad A, Alokail MS. SNPs in FNDC5 (irisin) are associated with obesity and modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in Saudi subjects. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:54. [PMID: 26968837 PMCID: PMC4788945 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin is a recently identified myokine that plays an important role in preventing obesity and insulin resistance. We investigated whether the common FNDC5 (irisin precursor) gene variants influence susceptibility to obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and verified the impact of FNDC5 gene variants on serum irisin levels, glucose and lipid metabolism in a Saudi population. METHODS Genomic DNA from 814 (394 T2DM and 414 controls) subjects were genotyped for the five common SNPs (rs3480A/G, rs1746661G/T, rs1298190A/G, rs726344A/G and rs1570569G/T) of the FNDC5 gene using the TaqMan genotyping assay. Biochemical parameters and hematic concentrations of irisin and insulin as well as anthropometric indices were collected. RESULTS Serum irisin levels were higher in T2DM patients compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Analyses of FNDC5 SNPs showed that: 1) The rs3480 GG associates with decreased risk of obesity (p = 0.005; odds ratio: 0.48) and lower body mass index (BMI) values (p = 0.03). In addition, GGAAG was identified as the protective haplotype against risk of obesity (p = 0.001; odds ratio: 0.23). 2) The rs1746661 G allele associates with higher triglyceride (TG) levels (p = 0.019). 3) The rs157069 TT genotype associates with higher fasting insulin (p = 0.029) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.002) as well as with lower circulating irisin levels (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS SNPs in FNDC5 gene correlates with obesity and glucose-lipid metabolism possibly because they modulate the serum levels of irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. .,Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdul Khader Mohammed
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar S Al-Attas
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama E Amer
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, 20090, Italy
| | - Amal Alenad
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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50
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Böhm A, Weigert C, Staiger H, Häring HU. Exercise and diabetes: relevance and causes for response variability. Endocrine 2016; 51:390-401. [PMID: 26643313 PMCID: PMC4762932 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exercise as a key prevention strategy for diabetes and obesity is commonly accepted and recommended throughout the world. Unfortunately, not all individuals profit to the same extent, some exhibit exercise resistance. This phenomenon of non-response to exercise is found for several endpoints, including glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Since these non-responders are of notable quantity, there is the need to understand the underlying mechanisms and to identify predictors of response. This displays the basis to develop personalized training intervention regimes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on response variability, with focus on human studies and improvement of glucose homeostasis as outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Staiger
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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