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Shen S, Fu B, Deng L, Zhu G, Shi H, Tian G, Han C, Yi P, Peng L. Paeoniflorin protects chicken against APEC-induced acute lung injury by affecting the endocannabinoid system and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103866. [PMID: 38833957 PMCID: PMC11179074 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of chicken colibacillosis. Paeoniflorin, a natural ingredient extracted from Paeonia lactiflora, has a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory. However, its effects and mechanism in APEC-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in chicken is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of paeoniflorin on APEC-induced ALI and its possible mechanism. Paeoniflorin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) was administered by gavage for 5 d starting at 9 d of age and the chicken were infected with APEC by intraperitoneal injection at 12 d of age. The tissues were collected after APEC infection for 36 h for analysis. The results showed that paeoniflorin significantly alleviated the symptoms, increased the survival rate and body weight gain of APEC-infected chicken, and improved the histopathological damages, and reduced APEC loads in lung tissues. In addition, paeoniflorin restored the gene expression of ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-3 during APEC infection. Moreover, paeoniflorin pretreatment significantly affected the endocannabinoid system (ECs) by increasing DAGL, decreasing MAGL, increasing secretion of 2-AG. Then, paeoniflorin significantly decreased the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in lung tissues, and decreased the mRNA expression of CXCL8, CXCL12, CCL1, CCL5, and CCL17. In addition, paeoniflorin significantly reduced the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, P65, and IκB. In summary, we found that paeoniflorin inhibited APEC-induced ALI, and its mechanism may be through affecting ECs and inhibiting the activation of PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways, which provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of chicken colibacillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Bendong Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Ling Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Diao town Zhangqiu district, Jinan, Shandong 250204, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Guang Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Chi Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Pengfei Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Luyuan Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
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Fan C, Du J, Yu Z, Wang J, Yao L, Ji Z, He W, Deng Y, Geng D, Wu X, Mao H. Inhibition of MAGL attenuates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Delaying nucleus pulposus senescence through STING. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111904. [PMID: 38518595 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) stands as the primary cause of low back pain (LBP). A significant contributor to IVDD is nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) senescence. However, the precise mechanisms underlying NPC senescence remain unclear. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) serves as the primary enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), breaking down monoglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. It plays a crucial role in various pathological processes, including pain, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In this study, we utilized a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NPC senescence model and a rat acupuncture-induced IVDD model to investigate the role of MAGL in IVDD both in vitro and in vivo. Initially, our results showed that MAGL expression was increased 2.41-fold and 1.52-fold within NP tissues from IVDD patients and rats induced with acupuncture, respectively. This increase in MAGL expression was accompanied by elevated expression of p16INK4α. Following this, it was noted that the suppression of MAGL resulted in a notable decrease in the quantity of SA-β-gal-positive cells and hindered the manifestation of p16INK4α and the inflammatory factor IL-1β in NPCs. MAGL inhibition promotes type II collagen (Col-2) expression and inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), thereby restoring the balance of extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism both in vitro and in vivo. A significant role for STING has also been demonstrated in the regulation of NPC senescence by MAGL. The expression of the STING protein was reduced by 57% upon the inhibition of MAGL. STING activation can replicate the effects of MAGL and substantially increase LPS-induced inflammation while accelerating the senescence of NPCs. These results strongly indicate that the inhibition of MAGL can significantly suppress nucleus pulposus senescence via its interaction with STING, consequently restoring the balance of ECM metabolism. This insight provides new perspectives for potential treatments for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiacheng Du
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zilin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingye Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongwei Ji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Pain Management, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhangjiagang Hospital affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongkang Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiexing Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haiqing Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Šahinović I, Mandić S, Mihić D, Duvnjak M, Loinjak D, Sabadi D, Majić Z, Perić L, Šerić V. Endocannabinoids, Anandamide and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol, as Prognostic Markers of Sepsis Outcome and Complications. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023; 8:802-811. [PMID: 35649233 PMCID: PMC10589499 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the major challenges in improving sepsis care is early prediction of sepsis complications. The endocannabinoid system has been intensely studied in recent years; however, little is known about its role in sepsis in humans. This study aimed to assess the prognostic role of endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), as early predictors of mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) requirement, and length of stay (LOS) in patients with sepsis. Materials and Methods: In total, 106 patients with confirmed sepsis were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into groups according to mortality outcome (survival, N=53; nonsurvival, N=53), IMV requirement (IMV group, N=26; non-IMV group, N=80), and LOS (LOS <10 days, N=59; LOS ≥10 days, N=47). Patients' clinical status was assessed along with laboratory biomarkers as well as AEA and 2-AG concentration measurements early on admission to emergency units. AEA and 2-AG levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an ELISA processor, EtiMax 3000 (DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy). The predictive value of AEA and 2-AG for the studied sepsis outcomes and complications was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Two endocannabinoids showed no significant difference between survivors and nonsurvivors, although an AEA concentration <7.16 μg/L predicted mortality outcome with a sensitivity of 57% (95% confidence interval [CI] 42-71) and specificity of 80% (95% CI 66-91). AEA concentrations ≤17.84 μg/L predicted LOS ≥10 days with sensitivity of 98% (95% CI 89-100) and specificity of 34% (95% CI 22-47). When analyzing IMV requirement, levels of AEA and 2-AG were significantly lower within the IMV group compared with the non-IMV group (5.94 μg/L [2.04-9.44] and 6.70 μg/L [3.50-27.04], p=0.043, and 5.68 μg/L [2.30-8.60] and 9.58 μg/L [4.83-40.05], p=0.002, respectively). The 2-AG showed the best performance for IMV requirement prediction, with both sensitivity and specificity of 69% (p<0.001). Endocannabinoid AEA was an independent risk factor of LOS ≥10 days (odds ratio [OR] 23.59; 95% CI 3.03-183.83; p=0.003) and IMV requirement in sepsis (OR 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67-0.93; p=0.004). Conclusion: Low AEA concentration is a prognostic factor of hospital LOS longer than 10 days. Lower AEA and 2-AG concentrations obtained at the time of admission to the hospital are predictors of IMV requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Šahinović
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Mandić
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Damir Mihić
- J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pulmonology and Intensive Care, Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mario Duvnjak
- J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Clinic of Infective Diseases, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Loinjak
- J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pulmonology and Intensive Care, Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dario Sabadi
- J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Clinic of Infective Diseases, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Majić
- Department of Pulmonology and Intensive Care, Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ljiljana Perić
- J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Clinic of Infective Diseases, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vatroslav Šerić
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Vasincu A, Rusu RN, Ababei DC, Neamțu M, Arcan OD, Macadan I, Beșchea Chiriac S, Bild W, Bild V. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists in Inflammation, Diabetes Mellitus, and Obesity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1667. [PMID: 37371762 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, research has greatly expanded the knowledge of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and its involvement in several therapeutic applications. Cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are present in nearly every mammalian tissue, performing a vital role in different physiological processes (neuronal development, immune modulation, energy homeostasis). The ECS has an essential role in metabolic control and lipid signaling, making it a potential target for managing conditions such as obesity and diabetes. Its malfunction is closely linked to these pathological conditions. Additionally, the immunomodulatory function of the ECS presents a promising avenue for developing new treatments for various types of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Preclinical investigations using peripherally restricted CBR antagonists that do not cross the BBB have shown promise for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases, highlighting the importance of continuing efforts to discover novel molecules with superior safety profiles. The purpose of this review is to examine the roles of CB1R and CB2Rs, as well as their antagonists, in relation to the above-mentioned disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Vasincu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Răzvan-Nicolae Rusu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniela-Carmen Ababei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica Neamțu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Oana Dana Arcan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Macadan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sorin Beșchea Chiriac
- Department of Toxicology, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, 8 M. Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
| | - Walther Bild
- Department of Physiology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Veronica Bild
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Horton KKA, Campanaro CK, Clifford C, Nethery DE, Strohl KP, Jacono FJ, Dick TE. Cannabinoid Receptor mRNA Expression in Central and Peripheral Tissues in a Rodent Model of Peritonitis. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023; 8:510-526. [PMID: 35446129 PMCID: PMC10249742 DOI: 10.1089/can.2021.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Our laboratory investigates changes in the respiratory pattern during systemic inflammation in various rodent models. The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) regulates cytokine production and mitigates inflammation. Inflammation not only affects cannabinoid (CB) 1 and CB2 receptor gene expression (Cnr1 and Cnr2), but also increases the predictability of the ventilatory pattern. Objectives: Our primary objective was to track ventilatory pattern variability and transcription of Cnr1 and Cnr2 mRNA, and of Il1b, Il6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnfa) mRNAs at multiple time points in central and peripheral tissues during systemic inflammation induced by peritonitis. Methods: In male Sprague Dawley rats (n=24), we caused peritonitis by implanting a fibrin clot containing either 0 or 25×106 Escherichia coli intraperitoneally. We recorded breathing with whole-animal plethysmography at baseline and 1 h before euthanasia. We euthanized the rats at 3, 6, or 12 h after inoculation and harvested the pons, medulla, lung, and heart for gene expression analysis. Results: With peritonitis, Cnr1 mRNA more than Cnr2 mRNA was correlated to Il1b, Il6, and Tnfa mRNAs in medulla, pons, and lung and changed oppositely in the pons, medulla, and lung. These changes were associated with increased predictability of ventilatory pattern. Specifically, nonlinear complexity index correlated with increased Cnr1 mRNA in the pons and medulla, and coefficient of variation for cycle duration correlated with Cnr1 and Cnr2 mRNAs in the lung. Conclusion: The mRNAs for ECS receptors varied with time during the central and peripheral inflammatory response to peritonitis. These changes occurred in the brainstem, which contains the network that generates breathing pattern and thus, may participate in ventilatory pattern changes during systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi-Kermit A. Horton
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Cara K. Campanaro
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Caitlyn Clifford
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David E. Nethery
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kingman P. Strohl
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Frank J. Jacono
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas E. Dick
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Jafari M, Boskabaday MH, Rezaee SA, Rezaeian S, Behrouz S, Ramezannejad R, Pourianfar HR. Lentinan and β-glucan extract from shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes, alleviate acute LPS-induced hematological changes in mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:836-842. [PMID: 37396940 PMCID: PMC10311971 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.67669.14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Immunomodulatory activity of β-glucans of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) has been known. We investigated whether β-glucans from L. edodes would attenuate the acute effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on peripheral hematological parameters in mice. Materials and Methods An in-house β-glucans extract (BG) prepared from fruiting bodies of shiitake mushroom L. edodes was chemically measured and characterized using spectrophotometry and HPLC. Male BALB/c mice directly inhaled aerosolized LPS of 3 mg/ml and were treated with BG or commercial β-glucan (known as lentinan; LNT) (10 mg/kg bw) at 1 hr before or 6 hr after LPS inhalation. The blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture from euthanized mice at 16 hr post-treatment. Results The results showed a significant reduction in levels of blood parameters, including red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and platelets (PLT); and a significant increase in blood lymphocyte counts in LPS-treated mice as compared with the control mice (P≤0.05). Total white blood cells, neutrophils, and monocyte counts did not show any significant difference among the groups. Treatment of LPS-challenged mice with LNT or BG significantly increased the levels of RBC, HGB, HCT, and PLT; and reduced blood lymphocyte counts as compared with LPS-treated mice (P≤0.05). Conclusion These findings suggest that β-glucans from L. edodes might be effective in attenuating the effects of inhaled LPS on peripheral blood parameters. Thus, these findings might be useful in acute inflammatory diseases particularly pulmonary infectious diseases in which the hematological parameters would be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Jafari
- School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Centre, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Centre, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sharareh Rezaeian
- Industrial Fungi Biotechnology Research Department, Research Institute for Industrial Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)- Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepideh Behrouz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rezvan Ramezannejad
- Industrial Fungi Biotechnology Research Department, Research Institute for Industrial Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)- Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Pourianfar
- Industrial Fungi Biotechnology Research Department, Research Institute for Industrial Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)- Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
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Hall S, Faridi S, Trivedi P, Sultana S, Ray B, Myers T, Euodia I, Vlatten D, Castonguay M, Zhou J, Kelly M, Lehmann C. Selective CB 2 Receptor Agonist, HU-308, Reduces Systemic Inflammation in Endotoxin Model of Pneumonia-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415857. [PMID: 36555499 PMCID: PMC9779896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis are risk factors contributing to mortality in patients with pneumonia. In ARDS, also termed acute lung injury (ALI), pulmonary immune responses lead to excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine release and aberrant alveolar neutrophil infiltration. Systemic spread of cytokines is associated with systemic complications including sepsis, multi-organ failure, and death. Thus, dampening pro-inflammatory cytokine release is a viable strategy to improve outcome. Activation of cannabinoid type II receptor (CB2) has been shown to reduce cytokine release in various in vivo and in vitro studies. Herein, we investigated the effect of HU-308, a specific CB2 agonist, on systemic and pulmonary inflammation in a model of pneumonia-induced ALI. C57Bl/6 mice received intranasal endotoxin or saline, followed by intravenous HU-308, dexamethasone, or vehicle. ALI was scored by histology and plasma levels of select inflammatory mediators were assessed by Luminex assay. Intravital microscopy (IVM) was performed to assess leukocyte adhesion and capillary perfusion in intestinal and pulmonary microcirculation. HU-308 and dexamethasone attenuated LPS-induced cytokine release and intestinal microcirculatory impairment. HU-308 modestly reduced ALI score, while dexamethasone abolished it. These results suggest administration of HU-308 can reduce systemic inflammation without suppressing pulmonary immune response in pneumonia-induced ALI and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sufyan Faridi
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Purvi Trivedi
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Saki Sultana
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Bithika Ray
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Tanya Myers
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Irene Euodia
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David Vlatten
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mathieu Castonguay
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Melanie Kelly
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Szafran B, Borazjani A, Scheaffer HL, Crow JA, McBride AM, Adekanye O, Wonnacott CB, Lehner R, Kaplan BLF, Ross MK. Carboxylesterase 1d Inactivation Augments Lung Inflammation in Mice. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:919-931. [PMID: 36268116 PMCID: PMC9578131 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases are members of the serine hydrolase superfamily and metabolize drugs, pesticides, and lipids. Previous research showed that inhibition of carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) in human macrophages altered the immunomodulatory effects of lipid mediators called prostaglandin glyceryl esters, which are produced by cyclooxygenase-catalyzed oxygenation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Ces1d - the mouse ortholog of human CES1 - is the most abundant Ces isoform in murine lung tissues and alveolar macrophages and a major target of organophosphate poisons. Monoacylglycerol lipase (Magl) is also expressed in murine lung and is the main enzyme responsible for 2-AG catabolism. Several metabolic benefits are observed in Ces1d-/- mice fed a high-fat diet; thus, we wondered whether pharmacological and genetic inactivation of Ces1d in vivo might also ameliorate the acute inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). C57BL/6 mice were treated with WWL229 (Ces1d inhibitor) or JZL184 (Magl inhibitor), followed 30 min later by either LPS or saline. Wild-type (WT) and Ces1d-/- mice were also administered LPS to determine the effect of Ces1d knockout. Mice were sacrificed at 6 and 24 h, and cytokines were assessed in serum, lung, liver, and adipose tissues. Lipid mediators were quantified in lung tissues, while activity-based protein profiling and enzyme assays determined the extent of lung serine hydrolase inactivation by the inhibitors. WWL229 was shown to augment LPS-induced lung inflammation in a female-specific manner, as measured by enhanced neutrophil infiltration and Il1b mRNA. The marked Ces inhibition in female lung by 4 h after drug treatment might explain this sex difference, although the degree of Ces inhibition in female and male lungs was similar at 6 h. In addition, induction of lung Il6 mRNA and prostaglandin E2 by LPS was more pronounced in Ces1d-/- mice than in WT mice. Thus, WWL229 inhibited lung Ces1d activity and augmented the female lung innate immune response, an effect observed in part in Ces1d-/- mice and Ces1d/CES1-deficient murine and human macrophages. In contrast, JZL184 attenuated LPS-induced Il1b and Il6 mRNA levels in female lung, suggesting that Ces1d and Magl have opposing effects. Mapping the immunomodulatory molecules/pathways that are regulated by Ces1d in the context of lung inflammation will require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany
N. Szafran
- Department
of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health
Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, United States
| | - Abdolsamad Borazjani
- Department
of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health
Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, United States
| | - Hannah L. Scheaffer
- Department
of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology,
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, United States
| | - J. Allen Crow
- Department
of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health
Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, United States
| | - Ann Marie McBride
- Department
of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, United States
| | - Oluwabori Adekanye
- Department
of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health
Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, United States
| | - Caitlin B. Wonnacott
- Department
of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health
Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, United States
| | - Richard Lehner
- Departments
of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, Group on Molecular & Cell Biology
of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Barbara L. F. Kaplan
- Department
of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health
Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, United States
| | - Matthew K. Ross
- Department
of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health
Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, United States
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9
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Chen Q, Jia Z, Qu C. Inhibition of KLF6 reduces the inflammation and apoptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cells in acute lung injury. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2022; 50:138-147. [PMID: 36086974 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v50i5.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of acute lung injury (ALI) into a severe stage leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The morbidity and mortality of ALI and ARDS are very high. Objective: This study is aimed to explore the effect of Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced type II alveolar epithelial cells in ALI by interacting with cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61). MATERIAL AND METHODS ALI mice model and LPS-induced type II alveolar epithelial cells were conducted to simulate ALI in vivo and in vitro. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of KLF6 in lung tissues were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis. Pathological changes in lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The viability and KLF6 expression of A549 cells treated with different concentrations of LPS were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analysis. After indicated treatment, the viability and apoptosis of A549 cells were analyzed by CCK-8 and TUNEL assays, and the inflammation factors of A549 cells were detected by Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analysis. The combination of KLF6 and CYR61 was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR and dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS KLF6 expression was increased in lung tissues of ALI mice and LPS-induced A549 cells. Interference with KLF6 improved the viability, reduced the inflammatory damage, and promoted the apoptosis of LPS-induced A549 cells. In addition, KLF6 could bind to CYR61. Interference with KLF6 could decrease CYR61 expression in LPS-induced A549 cells. LPS also enhanced the TLR4/MYD88 signaling pathway, which was reversed by KLF6 interference. The above phenomena in LPS-induced A549 cells transfected with Si-KLF6 could be reversed by overexpression of CYR61. CONCLUSION Inhibition of KLF6 promoted the viability and reduced the inflammation and apoptosis of LPS-induced A549 cells, which was reversed by CYR61.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Changjing Qu
- Department of Critical Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
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10
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Díaz-Reval MI, Cárdenas Y, Huerta M, Trujillo X, Sánchez-Pastor EA, González-Trujano ME, Virgen-Ortíz A, Pérez-Hernández MG. Activation of Peripheral Cannabinoid Receptors Synergizes the Effect of Systemic Ibuprofen in a Pain Model in Rat. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080910. [PMID: 35893735 PMCID: PMC9394297 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological synergism is a current strategy for the treatment of pain. However, few studies have been explored to provide evidence of the possible synergism between a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and a cannabinoid agonist, in order to establish which combinations might be effective to manage pain. The aim of this study was to explore the synergism between ibuprofen (IBU) and the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) to improve pain relief by analyzing the degree of participation of the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in the possible antinociceptive synergism using an experimental model of pain in Wistar rats. First, the effective dose thirty (ED30) of IBU (10, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg, subcutaneous) and WIN (3, 10, and 30 µg/p, intraplantar) were evaluated in the formalin test. Then, the constant ratio method was used to calculate the doses of IBU and WIN to be administered in combination (COMB) to determine the possible synergism using the isobolographic method. The participation of the CB1 and CB2 receptors was explored in the presence of the antagonists AM281 and AM630, respectively. The combination of these drugs produced a supra-additive response with an interaction index of 0.13. In addition, AM281 and AM630 antagonists reversed the synergistic effect in 45% and 76%, respectively, suggesting that both cannabinoid receptors are involved in this synergism, with peripheral receptors playing a relevant role. In conclusion, the combination of IBU + WIN synergism is mainly mediated by the participation of the CB2 receptor, which can be a good option for the better management of pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Irene Díaz-Reval
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico; (Y.C.); (M.H.); (X.T.); (E.A.S.-P.); (A.V.-O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yolitzy Cárdenas
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico; (Y.C.); (M.H.); (X.T.); (E.A.S.-P.); (A.V.-O.)
| | - Miguel Huerta
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico; (Y.C.); (M.H.); (X.T.); (E.A.S.-P.); (A.V.-O.)
| | - Xóchitl Trujillo
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico; (Y.C.); (M.H.); (X.T.); (E.A.S.-P.); (A.V.-O.)
| | - Enrique Alejandro Sánchez-Pastor
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico; (Y.C.); (M.H.); (X.T.); (E.A.S.-P.); (A.V.-O.)
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico 14370, Mexico;
| | - Adolfo Virgen-Ortíz
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico; (Y.C.); (M.H.); (X.T.); (E.A.S.-P.); (A.V.-O.)
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11
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Deuterated Arachidonic Acid Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Damage in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040681. [PMID: 35453366 PMCID: PMC9027010 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA) is a major component of lipid bilayers as well as the key substrate for the eicosanoid cascades. ARA is readily oxidized, and its non-enzymatic and enzymatic oxidation products induce inflammatory responses in nearly all tissues, including lung tissues. Deuteration at bis-allylic positions substantially decreases the overall rate of ARA oxidation when hydrogen abstraction is an initiating event. To compare the effects of dosing of arachidonic acid (H-ARA) and its bis-allylic hexadeuterated form (D-ARA) on lungs in conventionally healthy mice and in an acute lung injury model, mice were dosed with H-ARA or D-ARA for six weeks through dietary supplementation and then challenged with intranasal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for subsequent analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue. Dosing on D-ARA resulted in successful incorporation of D-ARA into various tissues. D-ARA significantly reduced LPS-induced adverse effects on alveolar septal thickness and the bronchoalveolar area. Oral deuterated ARA is taken up efficiently and protects against adverse LPS-induced pathology. This suggests novel therapeutic avenues for reducing lung damage during severe infections and other pathological conditions with inflammation in the pulmonary system and other inflammatory diseases.
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12
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Maddukuri S, Patel J, Diaz DA, Chen KL, Wysocka M, Bax C, Li Y, Ravishankar A, Grinnell M, Zeidi M, Reddy N, Concha JSS, Bashir MM, Okawa J, White B, Werth VP. Cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) distribution in dermatomyositis skin and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in vivo effects of Lenabasum TM. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:12. [PMID: 34983619 PMCID: PMC8725283 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lenabasum is a cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) reverse agonist that demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro in dermatomyositis (DM) and is currently being investigated for therapeutic potential. The purpose of our study is to investigate CB2R distribution as well as the effects of lenabasum in DM. Methods Immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) was utilized to examine immune cell and cytokine production changes in lesional DM skin biopsies from lenabasum and placebo-treated patients. CB2R expression in various immune cell populations within DM skin was investigated with image mass cytometry (IMC), whereas flow cytometry elucidated CB2R expression in DM peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as cytokine production by CB2R-expressing cell populations. Results After 12 weeks of lenabasum treatment, IHC staining showed that CD4+ T cells, CB2R, IL-31, IFN-γ, and IFN-β cytokines were downregulated. IFN-γ and IFN-β mRNA decreased in lesional DM skin but not in PBMCs. IMC findings revealed that CB2R was upregulated in DM lesional skin compared to HC skin and DM PBMCs (p<0.05). In DM skin, CB2R was upregulated on dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, and macrophages while dendritic cells had the greatest expression in both DM skin and PBMCs (p<0.05). These CB2R+ cells in the skin produce IL-31, IL-4, IFN-γ, and IFN-β. Conclusion Our findings of differential CB2R expression based on location and cell type suggest modes by which lenabasum may exert anti-inflammatory effects in DM and highlights dendritic cells as potential therapeutic targets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02665-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spandana Maddukuri
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jay Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - De Anna Diaz
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristen L Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Wysocka
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christina Bax
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yubin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adarsh Ravishankar
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madison Grinnell
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Majid Zeidi
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Nithin Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Josef Symon S Concha
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Muhammad M Bashir
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joyce Okawa
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Victoria P Werth
- Department of Dermatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Kicman A, Pędzińska-Betiuk A, Kozłowska H. The potential of cannabinoids and inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation in respiratory diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174560. [PMID: 34648805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The global incidence of respiratory diseases and complications is increasing. Therefore, new methods of treatment, as well as prevention, need to be investigated. A group of compounds that should be considered for use in respiratory diseases is cannabinoids. There are three groups of cannabinoids - plant-derived phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids, and endogenous endocannabinoids including the enzymes responsible for their synthesis and degradation. All cannabinoids exert their biological effects through either type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1) and/or type 2 cannabinoid receptors (CB2). In numerous studies (in vitro and in vivo), cannabinoids and inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation have shown beneficial anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-fibrotic properties. Although in the respiratory system, most of the studies have focused on the positive properties of cannabinoids and inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation. There are few research reports discussing the negative impact of these compounds. This review summarizes the properties and mechanisms of action of cannabinoids and inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation in various models of respiratory diseases. A short description of the effects selected cannabinoids have on the human respiratory system and their possible use in the fight against COVID-19 is also presented. Additionally, a brief summary is provided of cannabinoid receptors properties and their expression in the respiratory system and cells of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kicman
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Pędzińska-Betiuk
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222, Białystok, Poland.
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14
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Cannabinoid Type-2 Receptor Agonist, JWH133 May Be a Possible Candidate for Targeting Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity in COVID-19. IMMUNO 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno1030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a deadly disease affecting millions due to the non-availability of drugs and vaccines. The majority of COVID-19 drugs have been repurposed based on antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antibiotic potential. The pathogenesis and advanced complications with infection involve the immune-inflammatory cascade. Therefore, a therapeutic strategy could reduce infectivity, inflammation, and immune modulation. In recent years, modulating the endocannabinoid system, particularly activation of the cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor is a promising therapeutic target for modulation of immune-inflammatory responses. JWH133, a selective, full functional agonist of the CB2 receptor, has been extensively studied for its potent anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. JWH133 modulates numerous signaling pathways and inhibits inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, prostanoids, and eicosanoids. In this study, we propose that JWH133 could be a promising candidate for targeting infection, immunity, and inflammation in COVID-19, due to its pharmacological and molecular mechanisms in numerous preclinical efficacy and safety studies, along with its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, organoprotective, and antiviral properties. Thus, JWH133 should be investigated in preclinical and clinical studies for its potential as an agent or adjuvant with other agents for its effect on viremia, infectivity, immune modulation, resolution of inflammation, reduction in severity, and progression of complications in COVID-19. JWH133 is devoid of psychotropic effects due to CB2 receptor selectivity, has negligible toxicity, good bioavailability and druggable properties, including pharmacokinetic and physicochemical effects. We believe that JWH133 could be a promising drug and may inspire further studies for an evidence-based approach against COVID-19.
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15
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Graczyk M, Lewandowska AA, Dzierżanowski T. The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis in Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154551. [PMID: 34361704 PMCID: PMC8347461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant growth of interest in cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.), especially its natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, has been observed recently. This narrative review aimed to present the state of the art of research concerning the anti-inflammatory activity of all classes of cannabinoids published in the last five years. Multimodal properties of cannabinoids include their involvement in immunological processes, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. Cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid compounds of cannabis proved their anti-inflammatory effects in numerous animal models. The research in humans is missing, and the results are unconvincing. Although preclinical evidence suggests cannabinoids are of value in treating chronic inflammatory diseases, the clinical evidence is scarce, and further well-designed clinical trials are essential to determine the prospects for using cannabinoids in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Graczyk
- Department of Palliative Care, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | | | - Tomasz Dzierżanowski
- Laboratory of Palliative Medicine, Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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16
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Chen Z, Mori W, Rong J, Schafroth MA, Shao T, Van RS, Ogasawara D, Yamasaki T, Hiraishi A, Hatori A, Chen J, Zhang Y, Hu K, Fujinaga M, Sun J, Yu Q, Collier TL, Shao Y, Cravatt BF, Josephson L, Zhang MR, Liang SH. Development of a highly-specific 18F-labeled irreversible positron emission tomography tracer for monoacylglycerol lipase mapping. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1686-1695. [PMID: 34221877 PMCID: PMC8245801 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As a serine hydrolase, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is principally responsible for the metabolism of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to the formation of arachidonic acid (AA). Dysfunction of MAGL has been associated with multiple CNS disorders and symptoms, including neuroinflammation, cognitive impairment, epileptogenesis, nociception and neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibition of MAGL provides a promising therapeutic direction for the treatment of these conditions, and a MAGL positron emission tomography (PET) probe would greatly facilitate preclinical and clinical development of MAGL inhibitors. Herein, we design and synthesize a small library of fluoropyridyl-containing MAGL inhibitor candidates. Pharmacological evaluation of these candidates by activity-based protein profiling identified 14 as a lead compound, which was then radiolabeled with fluorine-18 via a facile SNAr reaction to form 2-[18F]fluoropyridine scaffold. Good blood–brain barrier permeability and high in vivo specific binding was demonstrated for radioligand [18F]14 (also named as [18F]MAGL-1902). This work may serve as a roadmap for clinical translation and further design of potent 18F-labeled MAGL PET tracers.
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17
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Xiong F, Ding X, Zhang H, Luo X, Chen K, Jiang H, Luo C, Xu H. Discovery of novel reversible monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors via docking-based virtual screening. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 41:127986. [PMID: 33766770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the major enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of monoacylglycerols (MAGs). MAGL is responsible for degrading 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) to arachidonic acid (AA) and glycerol in the brain and specific tissues. The inhibition of MAGL could attenuate the inflammatory response. Here, we report a series of reversible non-covalent MAGL inhibitors via virtual screening combined with biochemical analysis. The hit, DC630-8 showed low-micromolar activity against MAGL in vitro, and exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmin Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Heng Xu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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Proteome Characterization of BALF Extracellular Vesicles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Unveiling Undercover Molecular Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115696. [PMID: 34071777 PMCID: PMC8199247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the longtime challenge of identifying specific, easily detectable and reliable biomarkers of IPF, BALF proteomics is providing interesting new insights into its pathogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first shotgun proteomic investigation of EVs isolated from BALF of IPF patients. Our main aim was to characterize the proteome of the vesicular component of BALF and to explore its individual impact on the pathogenesis of IPF. To this purpose, ultracentrifugation was chosen as the EVs isolation technique, and their purification was assessed by TEM, 2DE and LC-MS/MS. Our 2DE data and scatter plots showed considerable differences between the proteome of EVs and that of whole BALF and of its fluid component. Analysis of protein content and protein functions evidenced that EV proteins are predominantly involved in cytoskeleton remodeling, adenosine signaling, adrenergic signaling, C-peptide signaling and lipid metabolism. Our findings may suggest a wider system involvement in the disease pathogenesis and support the importance of pre-fractioning of complex samples, such as BALF, in order to let low-abundant proteins-mediated pathways emerge.
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Sultan M, Alghetaa H, Mohammed A, Abdulla OA, Wisniewski PJ, Singh N, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M. The Endocannabinoid Anandamide Attenuates Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Downregulating miRNA that Target Inflammatory Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644281. [PMID: 33995054 PMCID: PMC8113864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as a type of respiratory failure that is caused by a variety of insults such as pneumonia, sepsis, trauma and certain viral infections. In this study, we investigated the effect of an endocannabinoid, anandamide (AEA), on ARDS induced in the mouse by Staphylococcus Enterotoxin B (SEB). Administration of a single intranasal dose of SEB in mice and treated with exogenous AEA at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight led to the amelioration of ARDS in mice. Clinically, plethysmography results indicated that there was an improvement in lung function after AEA treatment accompanied by a decrease of inflammatory cell infiltrate. There was also a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, and immune cells including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Vβ8+ T cells, and NK+ T cells in the lungs. Concurrently, an increase in anti-inflammatory phenotypes such as CD11b + Gr1+ Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs), CD4 + FOXP3 + Tregs, and CD4+IL10 + cells was observed in the lungs. Microarray data showed that AEA treatment in ARDS mice significantly altered numerous miRNA including downregulation of miRNA-23a-3p, which caused an upregulation of arginase (ARG1), which encodes for arginase, a marker for MDSCs, as well as TGF-β2, which induces Tregs. AEA also caused down-regulation of miRNA-34a-5p which led to induction of FoxP3, a master regulator of Tregs. Transfection of T cells using miRNA-23a-3p or miRNA-34a-5p mimics and inhibitors confirmed that these miRNAs targeted ARG1, TGFβ2 and FoxP3. In conclusion, the data obtained from this study suggests that endocannabinoids such as AEA can attenuate ARDS induced by SEB by suppressing inflammation through down-regulation of key miRNA that regulate immunosuppressive pathways involving the induction of MDSCs and Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthanna Sultan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Hasan Alghetaa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Amirah Mohammed
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Osama A Abdulla
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Paul J Wisniewski
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Narendra Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
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20
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Tardelli M. Monoacylglycerol lipase reprograms lipid precursors signaling in liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3577-3585. [PMID: 32742127 PMCID: PMC7366061 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i25.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary oversupply of triglycerides represent the hallmark of obesity and connected complications in the liver such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which eventually progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Monoacylglycerol lipase is the last enzymatic step in the hydrolysis of triglycerides, generating glycerol and fatty acids (FAs), which are signaling precursors in physiology and disease. Notably, monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) also hydrolyzes 2-arachidonoylglycerol, which is a potent ligand within the endocannabinoid system, into arachidonic acid - a precursor for prostaglandin synthesis; thus representing a pivotal substrates provider in multiple organs for several intersecting biological pathways ranging from FA metabolism to inflammation, pain and appetite. MGL inhibition has been shown protective in limiting several liver diseases as FAs may drive hepatocyte injury, fibrogenesis and de- activate immune cells, however the complexity of MGL network system still needs further and deeper understanding. The present review will focus on MGL function and FA partitioning in the horizons of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tardelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I Weill Cornell Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, United States
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1040, Austria
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21
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Leuti A, Fazio D, Fava M, Piccoli A, Oddi S, Maccarrone M. Bioactive lipids, inflammation and chronic diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:133-169. [PMID: 32628989 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous bioactive lipids are part of a complex network that modulates a plethora of cellular and molecular processes involved in health and disease, of which inflammation represents one of the most prominent examples. Inflammation serves as a well-conserved defence mechanism, triggered in the event of chemical, mechanical or microbial damage, that is meant to eradicate the source of damage and restore tissue function. However, excessive inflammatory signals, or impairment of pro-resolving/anti-inflammatory pathways leads to chronic inflammation, which is a hallmark of chronic pathologies. All main classes of endogenous bioactive lipids - namely eicosanoids, specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, lysoglycerophopsholipids and endocannabinoids - have been consistently involved in the chronic inflammation that characterises pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, asthma, as well as autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases. This review gathers the current knowledge concerning the involvement of endogenous bioactive lipids in the pathogenic processes of chronic inflammatory pathologies.
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22
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Ho CP, Borazjani A, Ross MK, Wang C. Effects of the monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor JZL184 on chickens infected with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O78: A preliminary pharmacokinetic and infection study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2020; 84:189-197. [PMID: 32801453 PMCID: PMC7301670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system modulates the degree of injury caused by inflammation, while enhancing the activity of phagocytes that promote resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. In-vitro studies with the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor JZL184 have suggested that increased eCB signaling might enhance the ability of the host immune system to clear invading pathogens. Although the neurochemical effects of JZL184 on the eCB system in rodents are well-known, its immuneregulating effects are less clear, especially in chickens. The primary objective of this study was to explore whether modulating the eCB system affects immune responses in chickens. To do this, we administered JZL184 [10 and 40 mg/kg body weight (BW), intraperitoneal injection] into chickens prior to a challenge with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) O78. Bacteria were isolated from livers, blood, air sacs, and hearts at 8, 28, and 56 h post-infection and the gross lesions in air sacs, livers, and hearts were also examined. Serum levels of JZL184 were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which indicated that the drug was distributed systemically. The number of birds positive for airsacculitis after APEC O78 challenge was marginally higher in groups treated with JZL184 than in the control group (P = 0.064). Rather than augmenting host defense and enhancing pathogen clearance, these results suggested that JZL184 might have immunosuppressive effects that exacerbated APEC O78 infection in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry P Ho
- Department of Basic Sciences (Ho, Borazjani, Ross, Wang), Center for Environmental Health Sciences (Borazjani, Ross), College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Drive, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762 USA
| | - Abdolsamad Borazjani
- Department of Basic Sciences (Ho, Borazjani, Ross, Wang), Center for Environmental Health Sciences (Borazjani, Ross), College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Drive, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762 USA
| | - Matthew K Ross
- Department of Basic Sciences (Ho, Borazjani, Ross, Wang), Center for Environmental Health Sciences (Borazjani, Ross), College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Drive, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762 USA
| | - Chinling Wang
- Department of Basic Sciences (Ho, Borazjani, Ross, Wang), Center for Environmental Health Sciences (Borazjani, Ross), College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Drive, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762 USA
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23
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Mohammed A, Alghetaa H, Sultan M, Singh NP, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M. Administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Post-Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Exposure Protects Mice From Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:893. [PMID: 32612530 PMCID: PMC7308536 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening complication that can ensue following Staphylococcus aureus infection. The enterotoxin produced by these bacteria (SEB) acts as a superantigen thereby activating a large proportion of T cells leading to cytokine storm and severe lung injury. Δ9Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a psychoactive ingredient found in Cannabis sativa, has been shown to act as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. In the current study, we investigated the effect of THC treatment on SEB-induced ARDS in mice. While exposure to SEB resulted in acute mortality, treatment with THC led to 100% survival of mice. THC treatment significantly suppressed the inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ and TNF-α. Additionally, THC elevated the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their associated cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β. Moreover, THC caused induction of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs). THC acted through CB2 receptor as pharmacological inhibitor of CB2 receptors blocked the anti-inflammatory effects. THC-treated mice showed significant alterations in the expression of miRNA (miRs) in the lung-infiltrated mononuclear cells (MNCs). Specifically, THC caused downregulation of let7a-5p which targeted SOCS1 and downregulation of miR-34-5p which caused increased expression of FoxP3, NOS1, and CSF1R. Together, these data suggested that THC-mediated alterations in miR expression in the lungs may play a critical role in the induction of immunosuppressive Tregs and MDSCs as well as suppression of cytokine storm leading to attenuation of SEB-mediated lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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24
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Abohalaka R, Bozkurt TE, Nemutlu E, Onder SC, Sahin-Erdemli I. The effects of fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor treatments on lipopolysaccharide-induced airway inflammation in mice. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 62:101920. [PMID: 32416152 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system significantly contributes to the airway inflammation. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) are two main enzymes responsible for the metabolism of the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachydonoyl glycerol (2-AG), respectively. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of local and systemic FAAH and MAGL inhibitor treatments in experimental airway inflammation and tracheal hyperreactivity in mice. Airway inflammation was induced by intranasal (i.n.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) application (60 μl; 0,1 mg/ml in PBS) to mice and the control group received PBS. Systemic (intraperitoneal (i.p.)) or local (i.n.) FAAH inhibitor URB597 and MAGL inhibitor JZL184 treatments were administered 1h before LPS/PBS application. Fourty 8 h after LPS/PBS application, tracheas were removed to assess airway reactivity, and the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were isolated for histopathological evaluation, cytokine and endocannabinoid measurements. LPS application lead to an increase in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) contractions in isolated tracheal rings while carbachol contractions remained unchanged. The increased 5-HT contractions were prevented by both systemic and local URB597 and JZL184 treatments. Systemic treatment with URB597 and JZL184, and local treatment with JZL184 reduced peribronchial and paranchymal inflammation in the LPS group while i.n. application of URB597 worsened the inflammation in the lungs. Systemic URB597 treatment increased lung AEA level whereas it had no effect on 2-AG level. However, JZL184 treatment increased 2-AG level by either systemic or local application, and also elevated AEA level. Inflammation-induced increase in neutrophil numbers was only prevented by systemic URB597 treatment. However, both URB597 and JZL184 treatments abolished the increased TNF-α level either they are administered systemically or locally. These results indicate that FAAH and MAGL inhibition may have a protective effect in airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity, and therefore their therapeutic potential for airway diseases should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshed Abohalaka
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turgut Emrah Bozkurt
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevgen Celik Onder
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Inci Sahin-Erdemli
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
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25
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Tardelli M, Bruschi FV, Fuchs CD, Claudel T, Auer N, Kunczer V, Baumgartner M, A.H.O. Ronda O, Verkade HJ, Stojakovic T, Scharnagl H, Habib A, Zimmermann R, Lotersztajn S, Trauner M. Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibition Protects From Liver Injury in Mouse Models of Sclerosing Cholangitis. Hepatology 2020; 71:1750-1765. [PMID: 31505038 PMCID: PMC7317927 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) is the last enzymatic step in triglyceride degradation, hydrolyzing monoglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids (FAs) and converting 2-arachidonoylglycerol into arachidonic acid, thus providing ligands for nuclear receptors as key regulators of hepatic bile acid (BA)/lipid metabolism and inflammation. We aimed to explore the role of MGL in the development of cholestatic liver and bile duct injury in mouse models of sclerosing cholangitis, a disease so far lacking effective pharmacological therapy. APPROACH AND RESULTS To this aim we analyzed the effects of 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) feeding to induce sclerosing cholangitis in wild-type (WT) and knockout (MGL-/- ) mice and tested pharmacological inhibition with JZL184 in the multidrug resistance protein 2 knockout (Mdr2-/- ) mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis. Cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis were assessed by serum biochemistry, liver histology, gene expression, and western blot characterization of BA and FA synthesis/transport. Moreover, intestinal FAs and fecal microbiome were analyzed. Transfection and silencing were performed in Caco2 cells. MGL-/- mice were protected from DDC-induced biliary fibrosis and inflammation with reduced serum liver enzymes and increased FA/BA metabolism and β-oxidation. Notably, pharmacological (JZL184) inhibition of MGL ameliorated cholestatic injury in DDC-fed WT mice and protected Mdr2-/- mice from spontaneous liver injury, with improved liver enzymes, inflammation, and biliary fibrosis. In vitro experiments confirmed that silencing of MGL decreases prostaglandin E2 accumulation in the intestine and up-regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma activity, thus reducing inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study unravels MGL as a metabolic target, demonstrating that MGL inhibition may be considered as potential therapy for sclerosing cholangitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tardelli
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Francesca V. Bruschi
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Claudia D. Fuchs
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Nicole Auer
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Victoria Kunczer
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Maximilian Baumgartner
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Onne A.H.O. Ronda
- Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic DiseasesDepartments of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Henk Jan Verkade
- Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic DiseasesDepartments of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory DiagnosticsUniversity Hospital GrazGrazAustria
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory DiagnosticsMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Aida Habib
- Université de ParisCentre de Recherche sur l'InflammationINSERMUMR1149CNRSERL 8252ParisFrance
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsAmerican University of BeirutBeirutLebanon
| | | | - Sophie Lotersztajn
- Université de ParisCentre de Recherche sur l'InflammationINSERMUMR1149CNRSERL 8252ParisFrance
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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26
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Deng H, Li W. Therapeutic potential of targeting α/β-Hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6). Eur J Med Chem 2020; 198:112353. [PMID: 32371333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
α/β-Hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6) is a transmembrane serine hydrolase that hydrolyzes monoacylglycerol (MAG) lipids, particularly the endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), in both central and peripheral tissues. ABHD6 and its substrates have been shown to be involved in the modulation of various (patho)physiological processes, including neurotransmission, inflammation, insulin secretion, adipose browning, food intake, autoimmune disorders, as well as neurological and metabolic diseases, making this enzyme a promising therapeutic target to treat several diseases. This review will focus on the molecular mechanism, biological functions and pathological roles of ABHD6, as well as recent efforts to develop ABHD6 inhibitors, providing a strong basis for the development of small molecules by targeting ABHD6 to treat diverse diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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27
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Pharmacological tools to mobilise mesenchymal stromal cells into the blood promote bone formation after surgery. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:3. [PMID: 32133156 PMCID: PMC7035363 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-0088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches requiring the intravenous injection of autologous or allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently being evaluated for treatment of a range of diseases, including orthopaedic injuries. An alternative approach would be to mobilise endogenous MSCs into the blood, thereby reducing costs and obviating regulatory and technical hurdles associated with development of cell therapies. However, pharmacological tools for MSC mobilisation are currently lacking. Here we show that β3 adrenergic agonists (β3AR) in combination with a CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100/Plerixafor, can mobilise MSCs into the blood in mice and rats. Mechanistically we show that reversal of the CXCL12 gradient across the bone marrow endothelium and local generation of endocannabinoids may both play a role in this process. Using a spine fusion model we provide evidence that this pharmacological strategy for MSC mobilisation enhances bone formation.
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28
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Yaron JR, Ambadapadi S, Zhang L, Chavan RN, Tibbetts SA, Keinan S, Varsani A, Maldonado J, Kraberger S, Tafoya AM, Bullard WL, Kilbourne J, Stern-Harbutte A, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Munk BH, Koppang EO, Lim ES, Lucas AR. Immune protection is dependent on the gut microbiome in a lethal mouse gammaherpesviral infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2371. [PMID: 32047224 PMCID: PMC7012916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunopathogenesis in systemic viral infections can induce a septic state with leaky capillary syndrome, disseminated coagulopathy, and high mortality with limited treatment options. Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV-68) intraperitoneal infection is a gammaherpesvirus model for producing severe vasculitis, colitis and lethal hemorrhagic pneumonia in interferon gamma receptor-deficient (IFNγR-/-) mice. In prior work, treatment with myxomavirus-derived Serp-1 or a derivative peptide S-7 (G305TTASSDTAITLIPR319) induced immune protection, reduced disease severity and improved survival after MHV-68 infection. Here, we investigate the gut bacterial microbiome in MHV-68 infection. Antibiotic suppression markedly accelerated MHV-68 pathology causing pulmonary consolidation and hemorrhage, increased mortality and specific modification of gut microbiota. Serp-1 and S-7 reduced pulmonary pathology and detectable MHV-68 with increased CD3 and CD8 cells. Treatment efficacy was lost after antibiotic treatments with associated specific changes in the gut bacterial microbiota. In summary, transkingdom host-virus-microbiome interactions in gammaherpesvirus infection influences gammaherpesviral infection severity and reduces immune modulating therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Yaron
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Sriram Ambadapadi
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Ramani N Chavan
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Scott A Tibbetts
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shahar Keinan
- Cloud Pharmaceuticals, Research Triangle Park (RTP), North Carolina, USA
| | - Arvind Varsani
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center of Evolution and Medicine Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Juan Maldonado
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- KED Genomics Core, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Simona Kraberger
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Amanda M Tafoya
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Whitney L Bullard
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Kilbourne
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Alison Stern-Harbutte
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Barbara H Munk
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Erling O Koppang
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Efrem S Lim
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
| | - Alexandra R Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Bozkurt TE. Endocannabinoid System in the Airways. Molecules 2019; 24:E4626. [PMID: 31861200 PMCID: PMC6943521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids and the mammalian endocannabinoid system is an important research area of interest and attracted many researchers because of their widespread biological effects. The significant immune-modulatory role of cannabinoids has suggested their therapeutic use in several inflammatory conditions. Airways are prone to environmental irritants and stimulants, and increased inflammation is an important process in most of the respiratory diseases. Therefore, the main strategies for treating airway diseases are suppression of inflammation and producing bronchodilation. The ability of cannabinoids to induce bronchodilation and modify inflammation indicates their importance for airway physiology and pathologies. In this review, the contribution of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in the airways are discussed, and the existing data for their therapeutic use in airway diseases are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgut Emrah Bozkurt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inactivation by Using URB602 Mitigates Myocardial Damage in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest. Crit Care Med 2019; 47:e144-e151. [PMID: 30431495 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Monoacylglycerol lipase participates in organ protection by regulating the hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. This study investigated whether blocking monoacylglycerol lipase protects against postresuscitation myocardial injury and improves survival in a rat model of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. DESIGN Prospective randomized laboratory study. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS Male Sprague-Dawley rat (n = 96). INTERVENTIONS Rats underwent 8-minute asphyxia-based cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Surviving rats were randomly divided into cardiopulmonary resuscitation + URB602 group, cardiopulmonary resuscitation group, and sham group. One minute after successful resuscitation, rats in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation + URB602 group received a single dose of URB602 (5 mg/kg), a small-molecule monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor, whereas rats in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation group received an equivalent volume of vehicle solution. The sham rats underwent all of the procedures performed on rats in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation + URB602 groups minus cardiac arrest and asphyxia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Survival was recorded 168 hours after the return of spontaneous circulation (n = 22 in each group). Compared with vehicle treatment (31.8%), URB602 treatment markedly improved survival (63.6%) 168 hours after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Next, we used additional surviving rats to evaluate myocardial and mitochondrial injury 6 hours after return of spontaneous circulation, and we found that URB602 significantly reduced myocardial injury and prevented myocardial mitochondrial damage. In addition, URB602 attenuated the dysregulation of endocannabinoid and eicosanoid metabolism 6 hours after return of spontaneous circulation and prevented the acceleration of mitochondrial permeability transition 15 minutes after return of spontaneous circulation. CONCLUSIONS Monoacylglycerol lipase blockade may reduce myocardial and mitochondrial injury and significantly improve the resuscitation effect after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
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31
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Bottemanne P, Paquot A, Ameraoui H, Alhouayek M, Muccioli GG. The α/β–hydrolase domain 6 inhibitor WWL70 decreases endotoxin‐induced lung inflammation in mice, potential contribution of 2‐arachidonoylglycerol, and lysoglycerophospholipids. FASEB J 2019; 33:7635-7646. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802259r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bottemanne
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research GroupLouvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Adrien Paquot
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research GroupLouvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Hafsa Ameraoui
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research GroupLouvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Mireille Alhouayek
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research GroupLouvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Giulio G. Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research GroupLouvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
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32
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Chen Z, Mori W, Deng X, Cheng R, Ogasawara D, Zhang G, Schafroth MA, Dahl K, Fu H, Hatori A, Shao T, Zhang Y, Yamasaki T, Zhang X, Rong J, Yu Q, Hu K, Fujinaga M, Xie L, Kumata K, Gou Y, Chen J, Gu S, Bao L, Wang L, Collier TL, Vasdev N, Shao Y, Ma JA, Cravatt BF, Fowler C, Josephson L, Zhang MR, Liang SH. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Reversible and Irreversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Tracers Using a "Tail Switching" Strategy on a Piperazinyl Azetidine Skeleton. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3336-3353. [PMID: 30829483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a serine hydrolase that degrades 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the endocannabinoid system (eCB). Selective inhibition of MAGL has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of diverse pathological conditions, including chronic pain, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Herein, we disclose a novel array of reversible and irreversible MAGL inhibitors by means of "tail switching" on a piperazinyl azetidine scaffold. We developed a lead irreversible-binding MAGL inhibitor 8 and reversible-binding compounds 17 and 37, which are amenable for radiolabeling with 11C or 18F. [11C]8 ([11C]MAGL-2-11) exhibited high brain uptake and excellent binding specificity in the brain toward MAGL. Reversible radioligands [11C]17 ([11C]PAD) and [18F]37 ([18F]MAGL-4-11) also demonstrated excellent in vivo binding specificity toward MAGL in peripheral organs. This work may pave the way for the development of MAGL-targeted positron emission tomography tracers with tunability in reversible and irreversible binding mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Nankai District, Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Wakana Mori
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Ran Cheng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Daisuke Ogasawara
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology , The Scripps Research Institute , SR107 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Genwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Oklahoma , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States
| | - Michael A Schafroth
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology , The Scripps Research Institute , SR107 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Kenneth Dahl
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Hualong Fu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Akiko Hatori
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Tuo Shao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Qingzhen Yu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Kuan Hu
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Yuancheng Gou
- ChemShuttle, Inc. , 1699 Huishan Blvd. , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214174 , China
| | - Jingjin Chen
- ChemShuttle, Inc. , 1699 Huishan Blvd. , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214174 , China
| | - Shuyin Gu
- ChemShuttle, Inc. , 1699 Huishan Blvd. , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214174 , China
| | - Liang Bao
- ChemShuttle, Inc. , 1699 Huishan Blvd. , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214174 , China
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Thomas Lee Collier
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Oklahoma , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Nankai District, Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology , The Scripps Research Institute , SR107 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Christopher Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience , Umeå University , SE-901 87 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
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Habib A, Chokr D, Wan J, Hegde P, Mabire M, Siebert M, Ribeiro-Parenti L, Le Gall M, Lettéron P, Pilard N, Mansouri A, Brouillet A, Tardelli M, Weiss E, Le Faouder P, Guillou H, Cravatt BF, Moreau R, Trauner M, Lotersztajn S. Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase, an anti-inflammatory and antifibrogenic strategy in the liver. Gut 2019; 68:522-532. [PMID: 30301768 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sustained inflammation originating from macrophages is a driving force of fibrosis progression and resolution. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of monoacylglycerols. It is a proinflammatory enzyme that metabolises 2-arachidonoylglycerol, an endocannabinoid receptor ligand, into arachidonic acid. Here, we investigated the impact of MAGL on inflammation and fibrosis during chronic liver injury. DESIGN C57BL/6J mice and mice with global invalidation of MAGL (MAGL -/- ), or myeloid-specific deletion of either MAGL (MAGLMye-/-), ATG5 (ATGMye-/-) or CB2 (CB2Mye-/-), were used. Fibrosis was induced by repeated carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injections or bile duct ligation (BDL). Studies were performed on peritoneal or bone marrow-derived macrophages and Kupffer cells. RESULTS MAGL -/- or MAGLMye-/- mice exposed to CCl4 or subjected to BDL were more resistant to inflammation and fibrosis than wild-type counterparts. Therapeutic intervention with MJN110, an MAGL inhibitor, reduced hepatic macrophage number and inflammatory gene expression and slowed down fibrosis progression. MAGL inhibitors also accelerated fibrosis regression and increased Ly-6Clow macrophage number. Antifibrogenic effects exclusively relied on MAGL inhibition in macrophages, since MJN110 treatment of MAGLMye-/- BDL mice did not further decrease liver fibrosis. Cultured macrophages exposed to MJN110 or from MAGLMye-/- mice displayed reduced cytokine secretion. These effects were independent of the cannabinoid receptor 2, as they were preserved in CB2Mye-/- mice. They relied on macrophage autophagy, since anti-inflammatory and antifibrogenic effects of MJN110 were lost in ATG5Mye-/- BDL mice, and were associated with increased autophagic flux and autophagosome biosynthesis in macrophages when MAGL was pharmacologically or genetically inhibited. CONCLUSION MAGL is an immunometabolic target in the liver. MAGL inhibitors may show promising antifibrogenic effects during chronic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Habib
- INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dina Chokr
- INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - JingHong Wan
- INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Pushpa Hegde
- INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Mabire
- INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Siebert
- INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Lara Ribeiro-Parenti
- INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Département de Chirurgie générale et digestive, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Maude Le Gall
- INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lettéron
- INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Pilard
- INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Abdellah Mansouri
- INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | - Matteo Tardelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emmanuel Weiss
- INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Le Faouder
- Inserm U1048, MetaToul-Lipidomic Core Facility, MetaboHUB, Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Richard Moreau
- INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Lotersztajn
- INSERM-UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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Kapellos TS, Taylor L, Feuerborn A, Valaris S, Hussain MT, Rainger GE, Greaves DR, Iqbal AJ. Cannabinoid receptor 2 deficiency exacerbates inflammation and neutrophil recruitment. FASEB J 2019; 33:6154-6167. [PMID: 30799631 PMCID: PMC6629158 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802524r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor (CB)2 is an immune cell–localized GPCR that has been hypothesized to regulate the magnitude of inflammatory responses. However, there is currently no consensus as to the mechanism by which CB2 mediates its anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. To address this question, we employed a murine dorsal air pouch model with wild-type and CB2−/− 8–12-wk-old female and male C57BL/6 mice and found that acute neutrophil and lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus Chi monocyte recruitment in response to Zymosan was significantly enhanced in CB2−/− mice. Additionally, levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and the chemokines C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL4, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 in CB2−/− pouch exudates were elevated at earlier time points. Importantly, using mixed bone marrow chimeras, we revealed that the proinflammatory phenotype in CB2−/− mice is neutrophil-intrinsic rather than stromal cell–dependent. Indeed, neutrophils isolated from CB2−/− mice exhibited an enhanced migration-related transcriptional profile and increased adhesive phenotype, and treatment of human neutrophils with a CB2 agonist blocked their endothelial transmigration. Overall, we have demonstrated that CB2 plays a nonredundant role during acute neutrophil mobilization to sites of inflammation and, as such, it could represent a therapeutic target for the development of novel anti-inflammatory compounds to treat inflammatory human diseases.—Kapellos, T. S., Taylor, L., Feuerborn, A., Valaris, S., Hussain, M. T., Rainger, G. E., Greaves, D. R., Iqbal, A. J. Cannabinoid receptor 2 deficiency exacerbates inflammation and neutrophil recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore S Kapellos
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Taylor
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Feuerborn
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Valaris
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed T Hussain
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - G E Rainger
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David R Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Effects of monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor URB602 on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:578-584. [PMID: 30366666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a common and severe postoperative pathologic complication that often occurs when the oxygen supply disrupted to the lung tissue fallowed by reperfusion period, in most cases after lung transplantation and cardiopulmonary bypass. Endocannabinoids such as 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) have very important role as regulators of inflammation. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the main 2-AG-degrading enzyme, and the downstream metabolites of 2-AG play a role in the inflammation. Ischemia reperfusion (IR) was induced by clamping the left pulmonary hilum for 60 min, followed by 120 min of reperfusion in male C57BL/6 mice. Effects of URB602, a MAGL inhibitor, were evaluated in a preventive or therapeutic regimen (5 min before ischemia or reperfusion, respectively). Oxygenation index, wet-to-dry weight ratio and lung injury score were analyzed. Endocannabinoids including 2-AG, anandamide (AEA) and arachidonic acid (AA) levels, metabolites such as Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and Leukotrienes B4 (LTB4) and inflammatory markers (Interleukin 6 (IL-6) andTumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) in lung tissues were measured by using mass spectrometry or ELISA analyses. We found that IR increased the wet-to-dry weight ratio of lung and lung injury score and decreased oxygenation index as compared to the sham group. Moreover, treatment with URB602 in preventive or therapeutic regimen reduced the wet-to-dry weight ratio and lung injury score while increased oxygenation index when compared with the IR group, with a more improvement in the preventive regimen group. In addition, treatment with URB602 before ischemia increased 2-AG level but decreased metabolites (AA, PGI2, TXB2, LTB4) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α). Thus, our study demonstrated that a pretreatment with URB602 significantly reduced IR-induced lung injury and inflammation. URB602 inhibited LIRI and inflammation by increasing 2-AG level and reducing downstream metabolites from AA to PGI2, TXB2 and LTB4 in lung tissues.
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36
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Cellular localization and regulation of receptors and enzymes of the endocannabinoid system in intestinal and systemic inflammation. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 151:5-20. [PMID: 30196316 PMCID: PMC6328631 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Surveys suggest that Cannabis provides benefit for people with inflammatory bowel disease. However, mechanisms underlying beneficial effects are not clear. We performed in situ hybridization RNAscope® combined with immunohistochemistry to show cell-specific distribution and regulation of cannabinoid receptor 1 and 2 (CB1, CB2), G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), and monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) mRNA in immune cells using murine models of intestinal and systemic inflammation. In healthy animals, the presence in enteric ganglia is high for CB1 mRNA, but low for CB2 and GPR55 mRNAs. MGL mRNA is predominant throughout the intestinal wall including myenteric neurons, epithelium, circular and longitudinal muscular layers, and the lamina propria. Within the immune system, B220+ cells exhibit high gene expression for CB2 while the expression of CB2 in F4/80+ and CD3+ cells is less prominent. In contrast, GPR55 mRNA is highly present in F4/80+ and CD3+ cells. qRT-PCR of total colonic segments shows that the expression of GPR55 and MGL genes drops during intestinal inflammation. Also at cellular levels, GPR55 and MGL gene expression is reduced in F4/80+, but not CD3+ cells. As to systemic inflammation, reduced gene expression of MGL is observed in ileum by qRT-PCR, while at cellular levels, altered gene expression is also seen for CB1 and GPR55 in CD3+ but not F4/80+ cells. In summary, our study reveals changes in gene expression of members of the endocannabinoid system in situ attesting particularly GPR55 and MGL a distinct cellular role in the regulation of the immune response to intestinal and systemic inflammation.
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Enhanced endocannabinoid tone as a potential target of pharmacotherapy. Life Sci 2018; 204:20-45. [PMID: 29729263 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is up-regulated in numerous pathophysiological states such as inflammatory, neurodegenerative, gastrointestinal, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, pain, and cancer. It has been suggested that this phenomenon primarily serves an autoprotective role in inhibiting disease progression and/or diminishing signs and symptoms. Accordingly, enhancement of endogenous endocannabinoid tone by inhibition of endocannabinoid degradation represents a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of many diseases. Importantly, this allows for the avoidance of unwanted psychotropic side effects that accompany exogenously administered cannabinoids. The effects of endocannabinoid metabolic pathway modulation are complex, as endocannabinoids can exert their actions directly or via numerous metabolites. The two main strategies for blocking endocannabinoid degradation are inhibition of endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes and inhibition of endocannabinoid cellular uptake. To date, the most investigated compounds are inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an enzyme that degrades the endocannabinoid anandamide. However, application of FAAH inhibitors (and consequently other endocannabinoid degradation inhibitors) in medicine became questionable due to a lack of therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials and serious adverse effects evoked by one specific compound. In this paper, we discuss multiple pathways of endocannabinoid metabolism, changes in endocannabinoid levels across numerous human diseases and corresponding experimental models, pharmacological strategies for enhancing endocannabinoid tone and potential therapeutic applications including multi-target drugs with additional targets outside of the endocannabinoid system (cyclooxygenase-2, cholinesterase, TRPV1, and PGF2α-EA receptors), and currently used medicines or medicinal herbs that additionally enhance endocannabinoid levels. Ultimately, further clinical and preclinical studies are warranted to develop medicines for enhancing endocannabinoid tone.
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Tahamtan A, Tavakoli-Yaraki M, Shadab A, Rezaei F, Marashi SM, Shokri F, Mokhatri-Azad T, Salimi V. The Role of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 in the Immunopathology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Viral Immunol 2018; 31:292-298. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tahamtan
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Shadab
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Rezaei
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahdi Marashi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhatri-Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cheng R, Mori W, Ma L, Alhouayek M, Hatori A, Zhang Y, Ogasawara D, Yuan G, Chen Z, Zhang X, Shi H, Yamasaki T, Xie L, Kumata K, Fujinaga M, Nagai Y, Minamimoto T, Svensson M, Wang L, Du Y, Ondrechen MJ, Vasdev N, Cravatt BF, Fowler C, Zhang MR, Liang SH. In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of 11C-Labeled Azetidinecarboxylates for Imaging Monoacylglycerol Lipase by PET Imaging Studies. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2278-2291. [PMID: 29481079 PMCID: PMC5966020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the principle enzyme for metabolizing endogenous cannabinoid ligand 2-arachidonoyglycerol (2-AG). Blockade of MAGL increases 2-AG levels, resulting in subsequent activation of the endocannabinoid system, and has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat drug addiction, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein we report a new series of MAGL inhibitors, which were radiolabeled by site-specific labeling technologies, including 11C-carbonylation and spirocyclic iodonium ylide (SCIDY) radiofluorination. The lead compound [11C]10 (MAGL-0519) demonstrated high specific binding and selectivity in vitro and in vivo. We also observed unexpected washout kinetics with these irreversible radiotracers, in which in vivo evidence for turnover of the covalent residue was unveiled between MAGL and azetidine carboxylates. This work may lead to new directions for drug discovery and PET tracer development based on azetidine carboxylate inhibitor scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cheng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wakana Mori
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Longle Ma
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Mireille Alhouayek
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Akiko Hatori
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogasawara
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, SR107 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gengyang Yuan
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hang Shi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagai
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takafumi Minamimoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Mona Svensson
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yunfei Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mary Jo Ondrechen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin F. Cravatt
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, SR107 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Christopher Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Barreto TR, Costola-de-Souza C, Margatho RO, Queiroz-Hazarbassanov N, Rodrigues SC, Felício LF, Palermo-Neto J, Zager A. Repeated Domperidone treatment modulates pulmonary cytokines in LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 56:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Buntyn RW, Alugubelly N, Hybart RL, Mohammed AN, Nail CA, Parker GC, Ross MK, Carr RL. Inhibition of Endocannabinoid-Metabolizing Enzymes in Peripheral Tissues Following Developmental Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Rats. Int J Toxicol 2017; 36:395-402. [PMID: 28820005 DOI: 10.1177/1091581817725272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Repeated developmental exposure to the organophosphate (OP) insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) inhibits brain fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity at low levels, whereas at higher levels, it inhibits brain monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) activity. FAAH and MAGL hydrolyze the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), respectively. Peripherally, AEA and 2-AG have physiological roles in the regulation of lipid metabolism and immune function, and altering the normal levels of these lipid mediators can negatively affect these processes. Exposure to CPF alters brain endocannabinoid hydrolysis activity, but it is unclear whether low-level exposure alters this activity in peripheral tissues important in metabolic and immune function. Therefore, rat pups were exposed orally from day 10 to 16 to 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 mg/kg CPF or 0.02 mg/kg PF-04457845 (a specific FAAH inhibitor). At 12 hours postexposure, FAAH, MAGL, and cholinesterase (ChE) activities were determined. All treatments inhibited FAAH activity in brain, spleen, and liver. CPF inhibited ChE activity in spleen and liver (all dosages) and in brain (highest dosage only). CPF inhibited total 2-AG hydrolysis and MAGL-specific activity in brain and spleen (high dosage only). In liver, total 2-AG hydrolysis was inhibited by all treatments and could be attributed to inhibition of non-MAGL-mediated 2-AG hydrolysis, indicating involvement of other enzymes. MAGL-specific activity in liver was inhibited only by the high CPF dosage, whereas PF-04457845 slightly increased this activity. Overall, exposure to low levels of CPF and to PF-04457845 can alter endocannabinoid metabolism in peripheral tissues, thus potentially affecting physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Buntyn
- 1 Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Navatha Alugubelly
- 1 Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Rachel L Hybart
- 1 Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Afzaal N Mohammed
- 1 Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Carole A Nail
- 1 Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Greta C Parker
- 1 Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Matthew K Ross
- 1 Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Russell L Carr
- 1 Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
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Ahamed M, Attili B, van Veghel D, Ooms M, Berben P, Celen S, Koole M, Declercq L, Savinainen JR, Laitinen JT, Verbruggen A, Bormans G. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of [ 11 C]MA-PB-1 for in vivo imaging of brain monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:104-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Sido JM, Nagarkatti PS, Nagarkatti M. Production of endocannabinoids by activated T cells and B cells modulates inflammation associated with delayed-type hypersensitivity. Eur J Immunol 2017; 46:1472-9. [PMID: 27064137 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are endogenous ligands for the cannabinoid (CB) receptors which include anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG). 2-AG has been linked to inflammation due to its elevated expression in animal models of autoimmunity and hypersensitivity. However, administration of exogenous 2-AG has been shown to suppress inflammation making its precise role unclear. In the current study, we investigated the role of 2-AG following immunization of C57BL/6 (BL6) mice with methylated BSA (mBSA) antigen, which triggers both delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and antibody response. We found that while naïve T cells and B cells expressed low levels of 2-AG, expression significantly increased upon activation. Furthermore, mBSA-immunized mice exhibited higher 2-AG concentration than naïve mice. Exogenous 2-AG treatment (40 mg/kg) in mBSA-immunized mice led to reduced DTH response, and decreased Th1 and Th17-associated cytokines including IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, and the IgG response. Addition of 2-AG to activated popliteal lymph node (PopLN) cell cultures also inhibited lymphocyte proliferation. Together, these data show for the first time that activated T and B cells produce 2-AG, which plays a negative regulatory role to decrease DTH via inhibition of T-cell activation and proliferation. Moreover, these findings suggest that exogenous 2-AG treatment can be used therapeutically in Th1- or Th17-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Sido
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Prakash S Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.,WJB Dorn Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA
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44
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Schurman LD, Lichtman AH. Endocannabinoids: A Promising Impact for Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:69. [PMID: 28261100 PMCID: PMC5314139 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) system regulates a diverse array of physiological processes and unsurprisingly possesses considerable potential targets for the potential treatment of numerous disease states, including two receptors (i.e., CB1 and CB2 receptors) and enzymes regulating their endogenous ligands N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) and 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG). Increases in brain levels of endocannabinoids to pathogenic events suggest this system plays a role in compensatory repair mechanisms. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathology remains mostly refractory to currently available drugs, perhaps due to its heterogeneous nature in etiology, clinical presentation, and severity. Here, we review pre-clinical studies assessing the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids and manipulations of the endocannabinoid system to ameliorate TBI pathology. Specifically, manipulations of endocannabinoid degradative enzymes (e.g., fatty acid amide hydrolase, monoacylglycerol lipase, and α/β-hydrolase domain-6), CB1 and CB2 receptors, and their endogenous ligands have shown promise in modulating cellular and molecular hallmarks of TBI pathology such as; cell death, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular breakdown, and cell structure and remodeling. TBI-induced behavioral deficits, such as learning and memory, neurological motor impairments, post-traumatic convulsions or seizures, and anxiety also respond to manipulations of the endocannabinoid system. As such, the endocannabinoid system possesses potential drugable receptor and enzyme targets for the treatment of diverse TBI pathology. Yet, full characterization of TBI-induced changes in endocannabinoid ligands, enzymes, and receptor populations will be important to understand that role this system plays in TBI pathology. Promising classes of compounds, such as the plant-derived phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids, and endocannabinoids, as well as their non-cannabinoid receptor targets, such as TRPV1 receptors, represent important areas of basic research and potential therapeutic interest to treat TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aron H. Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, RichmondVA, USA
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Grabner GF, Zimmermann R, Schicho R, Taschler U. Monoglyceride lipase as a drug target: At the crossroads of arachidonic acid metabolism and endocannabinoid signaling. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 175:35-46. [PMID: 28213089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monoglyerides (MGs) are short-lived, intermediary lipids deriving from the degradation of phospho- and neutral lipids, and monoglyceride lipase (MGL), also designated as monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), is the major enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of MGs into glycerol and fatty acids. This distinct function enables MGL to regulate a number of physiological and pathophysiological processes since both MGs and fatty acids can act as signaling lipids or precursors thereof. The most prominent MG species acting as signaling lipid is 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) which is the most abundant endogenous agonist of cannabinoid receptors in the body. Importantly, recent observations demonstrate that 2-AG represents a quantitatively important source for arachidonic acid, the precursor of prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators. Accordingly, MGL-mediated 2-AG degradation affects lipid signaling by cannabinoid receptor-dependent and independent mechanisms. Recent genetic and pharmacological studies gave important insights into MGL's role in (patho-)physiological processes, and the enzyme is now considered as a promising drug target for a number of disorders including cancer, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the basics of MG (2-AG) metabolism and provides an overview on the therapeutic potential of MGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Schicho
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Turcotte C, Blanchet MR, Laviolette M, Flamand N. The CB 2 receptor and its role as a regulator of inflammation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4449-4470. [PMID: 27402121 PMCID: PMC5075023 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The CB2 receptor is the peripheral receptor for cannabinoids. It is mainly expressed in immune tissues, highlighting the possibility that the endocannabinoid system has an immunomodulatory role. In this respect, the CB2 receptor was shown to modulate immune cell functions, both in cellulo and in animal models of inflammatory diseases. In this regard, numerous studies have reported that mice lacking the CB2 receptor have an exacerbated inflammatory phenotype. This suggests that therapeutic strategies aiming at modulating CB2 signaling could be promising for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions. Herein, we review the pharmacology of the CB2 receptor, its expression pattern, and the signaling pathways induced by its activation. We next examine the regulation of immune cell functions by the CB2 receptor and the evidence obtained from primary human cells, immortalized cell lines, and animal models of inflammation. Finally, we discuss the possible therapies targeting the CB2 receptor and the questions that remain to be addressed to determine whether this receptor could be a potential target to treat inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Turcotte
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Marie-Renée Blanchet
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Michel Laviolette
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.
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47
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Turcotte C, Blanchet MR, Laviolette M, Flamand N. Impact of Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Endocannabinoids in the Lungs. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:317. [PMID: 27695418 PMCID: PMC5023687 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the identification of cannabinoid receptors in the 1990s, a research field has been dedicated to exploring the role of the cannabinoid system in immunity and the inflammatory response in human tissues and animal models. Although the cannabinoid system is present and crucial in many human tissues, studying the impact of cannabinoids on the lungs is particularly relevant because of their contact with exogenous cannabinoids in the context of marijuana consumption. In the past two decades, the scientific community has gathered a large body of evidence supporting that the activation of the cannabinoid system alleviates pain and reduces inflammation. In the context of lung inflammation, exogenous and endogenous cannabinoids have shown therapeutic potential because of their inhibitory effects on immune cell recruitment and functions. On the other hand, cannabinoids were shown to be deleterious to lung function and to impact respiratory pathogen clearance. In this review, we present the existing data on the regulation of lung immunity and inflammation by phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids and endocannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Turcotte
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC Canada
| | - Marie-Renée Blanchet
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC Canada
| | - Michel Laviolette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC Canada
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Henry RJ, Kerr DM, Finn DP, Roche M. For whom the endocannabinoid tolls: Modulation of innate immune function and implications for psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 64:167-80. [PMID: 25794989 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate the innate immune response to pathogens and are critical in the host defence, homeostasis and response to injury. However, uncontrolled and aberrant TLR activation can elicit potent effects on neurotransmission and neurodegenerative cascades and has been proposed to trigger the onset of certain neurodegenerative disorders and elicit detrimental effects on the progression and outcome of established disease. Over the past decade, there has been increasing evidence demonstrating that the endocannabinoid system can elicit potent modulatory effects on inflammatory processes, with clinical and preclinical evidence demonstrating beneficial effects on disease severity and symptoms in several inflammatory conditions. This review examines the evidence supporting a modulatory effect of endocannabinoids on TLR-mediated immune responses both peripherally and centrally, and the implications for psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Henry
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel M Kerr
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michelle Roche
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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Szafran B, Borazjani A, Lee JH, Ross MK, Kaplan BLF. Lipopolysaccharide suppresses carboxylesterase 2g activity and 2-arachidonoylglycerol hydrolysis: A possible mechanism to regulate inflammation. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:199-206. [PMID: 26403860 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an important part of the innate immune response and is involved in the healing of many disease processes; however, chronic inflammation is a harmful component of many diseases. The regulatory mechanisms of inflammation are incompletely understood. One possible regulatory mechanism is the endocannabinoid system. Endocannabinoids such as 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA) are generally anti-inflammatory via engagement of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) on innate cells; therefore, preventing the degradation of endocannabinoids by specific serine hydrolases such as fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), and carboxylesterases (CES) might decrease inflammation. We hypothesized that the activities of these catabolic enzymes would decrease with a subsequent increase in 2-AG and AEA in a model of inflammation. Mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 6 or 24h, and inflammation was confirmed by an increase in interleukin-6 (il6) and il17 gene expression. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) of serine hydrolases showed no significant difference in various serine hydrolase activities in brain or liver, whereas a modest decrease in Ces activity in spleen after LPS administration was noted. 2-AG hydrolase activity in the spleen was also decreased at 6h post LPS, which was corroborated by LPS treatment of splenocytes ex vivo. ABPP-MudPIT proteomic analysis suggested that the decreased 2-AG hydrolysis in spleen was due to a reduction in Ces2g activity. These studies suggest that the endocannabinoid system could be activated via suppression of a 2-AG catabolic enzyme in response to inflammatory stimuli as one mechanism to limit inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Szafran
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Abdolsamad Borazjani
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Jung Hwa Lee
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Matthew K Ross
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Barbara L F Kaplan
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States.
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The monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor JZL184 decreases inflammatory response in skeletal muscle contusion in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 761:1-10. [PMID: 25912803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Muscle wound healing process is a typical inflammation-evoked event. The monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor (4-nitrophenyl)4-[bis(1,3-benzodioxol -5-yl)-hydroxymethyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (JZL184) has been previously reported to reduce inflammation in colitis and acute lung injury in mice, which provide a new strategy for primary care of skeletal muscle injury. We investigated the effect of JZL184 on inflammation in rat muscle contusion model, and found decreased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. With extension of post-traumatic interval, myofiber regeneration was significantly hindered with increased collagen types I and ІІІ mRNAfibroblast infiltration as well as promoted fibrosis. Furthermore, 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-N-morpholin-4-ylpyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM281, a selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist) and [6-iodo-2-methyl-1-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)indol-3-yl]-(4-methoxyphenyl)methanone (AM630, a selective cannabinoid CB2 receptor antagonist) treatment alleviated the anti-inflammatory effect of JZL184. Our findings demonstrate that JZL184 is able to inhibit the inflammatory response and interfere with contused muscle healing, in which the anti-inflammatory action may be mediated through cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors.
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