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Li F, Sun Q, Chen L, Zhang R, Zhang Z. Unlocking the health potential of anthocyanins: a structural insight into their varied biological effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38494796 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2328176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins have become increasingly important to the food industry due to their colorant features and many health-promoting activities. Numerous studies have linked anthocyanins to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic properties, as well as protection against heart disease, certain types of cancer, and a reduced risk of diabetes and cognitive disorders. Anthocyanins from various foods may exhibit distinct biological and health-promoting activities owing to their structural diversity. In this review, we have collected and tabulated the key information from various recent published studies focusing on investigating the chemical structure effect of anthocyanins on their stability, antioxidant activities, in vivo fate, and changes in the gut microbiome. This information should be valuable in comprehending the connection between the molecular structure and biological function of anthocyanins, with the potential to enhance their application as both colorants and functional compounds in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition & Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Quancai Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Long Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruojie Zhang
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition & Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zipei Zhang
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition & Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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2
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Jiang L, Lyu S, Yu H, Zhang J, Sun B, Liu Q, Mao X, Chen P, Pan D, Chen W, Fan Z, Li C. Transcription factor encoding gene OsC1 regulates leaf sheath color through anthocyanidin metabolism in Oryza rufipogon and Oryza sativa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:147. [PMID: 38418937 PMCID: PMC10900563 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals and vitamins are nutrient substances commonly seen in rice grains, but anthocyanidin, with benefit for plant growth and animal health, exists mainly in the common wild rice but hardly in the cultivated rice. To screen the rice germplasm with high intensity of anthocyanidins and identify the variations, we used metabolomics technique and detected significant different accumulation of anthocyanidins in common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon, with purple leaf sheath) and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa, with green leaf sheath). In this study, we identified and characterized a well-known MYB transcription factor, OsC1, through phenotypic (leaf sheath color) and metabolic (metabolite profiling) genome-wide association studies (pGWAS and mGWAS) in 160 common wild rice (O. rufipogon) and 151 cultivated (O. sativa) rice varieties. Transgenic experiments demonstrated that biosynthesis and accumulation of cyanidin-3-Galc, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin O-syringic acid, as well as purple pigmentation in leaf sheath were regulated by OsC1. A total of 25 sequence variations of OsC1 constructed 16 functional haplotypes (higher accumulation of the three anthocyanidin types within purple leaf sheath) and 9 non-functional haplotypes (less accumulation of anthocyanidins within green leaf sheath). Three haplotypes of OsC1 were newly identified in our germplasm, which have potential values in functional genomics and molecular breeding of rice. Gene-to-metabolite analysis by mGWAS and pGWAS provides a useful and efficient tool for functional gene identification and omics-based crop genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Jiang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwei Lyu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingrui Sun
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingxue Mao
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingli Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dajian Pan
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilan Fan
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 3, Jinying East Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou, China.
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Hu Y, Zhao H, Xue L, Nie N, Zhang H, Zhao N, He S, Liu Q, Gao S, Zhai H. IbMYC2 Contributes to Salt and Drought Stress Tolerance via Modulating Anthocyanin Accumulation and ROS-Scavenging System in Sweet Potato. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2096. [PMID: 38396773 PMCID: PMC10889443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors extensively affect various physiological processes in plant metabolism, growth, and abiotic stress. However, the regulation mechanism of bHLH transcription factors in balancing anthocyanin biosynthesis and abiotic stress in sweet potato (Ipomoea batata (L.) Lam.) remains unclear. Previously, transcriptome analysis revealed the genes that were differentially expressed among the purple-fleshed sweet potato cultivar 'Jingshu 6' and its anthocyanin-rich mutant 'JS6-5'. Here, we selected one of these potential genes, IbMYC2, which belongs to the bHLH transcription factor family, for subsequent analyses. The expression of IbMYC2 in the JS6-5 storage roots is almost four-fold higher than Jingshu 6 and significantly induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), NaCl, and polyethylene glycol (PEG)6000. Overexpression of IbMYC2 significantly enhances anthocyanin production and exhibits a certain antioxidant capacity, thereby improving salt and drought tolerance. In contrast, reducing IbMYC2 expression increases its susceptibility. Our data showed that IbMYC2 could elevate the expression of anthocyanin synthesis pathway genes by binding to IbCHI and IbDFR promoters. Additionally, overexpressing IbMYC2 activates genes encoding reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging and proline synthesis enzymes under salt and drought conditions. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the IbMYC2 gene exercises a significant impact on crop quality and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shaopei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (L.X.); (N.N.); (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.L.)
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (L.X.); (N.N.); (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.L.)
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Divya K, Thangaraj M, Krishna Radhika N. CRISPR/Cas9: an advanced platform for root and tuber crops improvement. Front Genome Ed 2024; 5:1242510. [PMID: 38312197 PMCID: PMC10836405 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1242510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Root and tuber crops (RTCs), which include cassava, potato, sweet potato, and yams, principally function as staple crops for a considerable fraction of the world population, in addition to their diverse applications in nutrition, industry, and bioenergy sectors. Even then, RTCs are an underutilized group considering their potential as industrial raw material. Complexities in conventional RTC improvement programs curb the extensive exploitation of the potentials of this group of crop species for food, energy production, value addition, and sustainable development. Now, with the advent of whole-genome sequencing, sufficient sequence data are available for cassava, sweet potato, and potato. These genomic resources provide enormous scope for the improvement of tuber crops, to make them better suited for agronomic and industrial applications. There has been remarkable progress in RTC improvement through the deployment of new strategies like gene editing over the last decade. This review brings out the major areas where CRISPR/Cas technology has improved tuber crops. Strategies for genetic transformation of RTCs with CRISPR/Cas9 constructs and regeneration of edited lines and the bottlenecks encountered in their establishment are also discussed. Certain attributes of tuber crops requiring focus in future research along with putative editing targets are also indicated. Altogether, this review provides a comprehensive account of developments achieved, future lines of research, bottlenecks, and major experimental concerns regarding the establishment of CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing in RTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Divya
- ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - N Krishna Radhika
- ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Smith E, Lewis A, Narine SS, Emery RJN. Unlocking Potentially Therapeutic Phytochemicals in Capadulla ( Doliocarpus dentatus) from Guyana Using Untargeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics. Metabolites 2023; 13:1050. [PMID: 37887375 PMCID: PMC10608729 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Doliocarpus dentatus is thought to have a wide variety of therapeutic phytochemicals that allegedly improve libido and cure impotence. Although a few biomarkers have been identified with potential antinociceptive and cytotoxic properties, an untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach has never been undertaken to identify therapeutic biofingerprints for conditions, such as erectile dysfunction, in men. This study executes a preliminary phytochemical screening of the woody vine of two ecotypes of D. dentatus with renowned differences in therapeutic potential for erectile dysfunction. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was used to screen for flavonoids, terpenoids, and other chemical classes found to contrast between red and white ecotypes. Among the metabolite chemodiversity found in the ecotype screens, using a combination of GNPS, MS-DIAL, and SIRIUS, approximately 847 compounds were annotated at levels 2 to 4, with the majority of compounds falling under lipid and lipid-like molecules, benzenoids and phenylpropanoids, and polyketides, indicative of the contributions of the flavonoid, shikimic acid, and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. Despite the extensive annotation, we report on 138 tentative compound identifications of potentially therapeutic compounds, with 55 selected compounds at a level-2 annotation, and 22 statistically significant therapeutic biomarkers, the majority of which were polyphenols. Epicatechin methyl gallate, catechin gallate, and proanthocyanidin A2 had the greatest significant differences and were also relatively abundant among the red and white ecotypes. These putatively identified compounds reportedly act as antioxidants, neutralizing damaging free radicals, and lowering cell oxidative stress, thus aiding in potentially preventing cellular damage and promoting overall well-being, especially for treating erectile dysfunction (ED).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewart Smith
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 0G2, Canada
| | - Ainsely Lewis
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 0G2, Canada
| | - Suresh S. Narine
- Trent Centre for Biomaterials Research, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 0G2, Canada
- Departments of Physics & Astronomy and Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 0G2, Canada
| | - R. J. Neil Emery
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 0G2, Canada
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Lewis JA, Zhang B, Harza R, Palmer N, Sarath G, Sattler SE, Twigg P, Vermerris W, Kang C. Structural Similarities and Overlapping Activities among Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase, Flavanone 4-Reductase, and Anthocyanidin Reductase Offer Metabolic Flexibility in the Flavonoid Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13901. [PMID: 37762209 PMCID: PMC10531346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are potent antioxidants that play a role in defense against pathogens, UV-radiation, and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and flavanone 4-reductase (FNR) reduce dihydroflavonols and flavanones, respectively, using NAD(P)H to produce flavan-(3)-4-(di)ols in flavonoid biosynthesis. Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) reduces anthocyanidins to flavan-3-ols. In addition to their sequences, the 3D structures of recombinant DFR, FNR and ANR from sorghum and switchgrass showed a high level of similarity. The catalytic mechanism, substrate-specificity and key residues of three reductases were deduced from crystal structures, site-directed mutagenesis, molecular docking, kinetics, and thermodynamic ana-lyses. Although DFR displayed its highest activity against dihydroflavonols, it also showed activity against flavanones and anthocyanidins. It was inhibited by the flavonol quercetin and high concentrations of dihydroflavonols/flavonones. SbFNR1 and SbFNR2 did not show any activity against dihydroflavonols. However, SbFNR1 displayed activity against flavanones and ANR activity against two anthocyanidins, cyanidin and pelargonidin. Therefore, SbFNR1 and SbFNR2 could be specific ANR isozymes without delphinidin activity. Sorghum has high concentrations of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins in vivo, supporting the observed high activity of SbDFR against flavonols. Mining of expression data indicated substantial induction of these three reductase genes in both switchgrass and sorghum in response to biotic stress. Key signature sequences for proper DFR/ANR classification are proposed and could form the basis for future metabolic engineering of flavonoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (J.A.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Bixia Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (J.A.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Rishi Harza
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (J.A.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Nathan Palmer
- Wheat, Sorghum, Forage Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (N.P.); (G.S.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Gautam Sarath
- Wheat, Sorghum, Forage Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (N.P.); (G.S.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Scott E. Sattler
- Wheat, Sorghum, Forage Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (N.P.); (G.S.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Paul Twigg
- Biology Department, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA;
| | - Wilfred Vermerris
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Science and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - ChulHee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (J.A.L.); (B.Z.)
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Rashad YM, El-Sharkawy HH, Abdalla SA, Ibrahim OM, Elazab NT. Mycorrhizal colonization and Streptomyces viridosporus HH1 synergistically up-regulate the polyphenol biosynthesis genes in wheat against stripe rust. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:388. [PMID: 37563704 PMCID: PMC10413498 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stripe rust is considered one of the most devastating diseases of wheat all over the world, resulting in a high loss in its production. In this study, time-course changes in expression of the polyphenol biosynthesis pathways genes in wheat against stripe rust were investigated. The defense mechanisms triggered by mycorrhizal colonization and/or spraying with Streptomyces viridosporus HH1 against this disease were also investigated. RESULTS Results obtained revealed that C3H, which is considered the key gene in lignin biosynthesis, was the most expressed gene. Furthermore, most of the chlorogenic acid and flavonoid biosynthesis genes were also overexpressed. Volcano plots of the studied genes reveal that the dual treatment led to a high significant overexpression of 10 out of the 13 studied genes. Heatmap of these genes showed that the most frequent expressed gene in response to all applied treatments along the study period was DFR, the key gene in the biosynthesis of anthocyanidins. Gene co-expression network of the studied genes showed that HQT was the most central gene with respect to the other genes, followed by AN2 and DFR, respectively. Accumulation of different flavonoids and phenolic acids were detected in response to the dual treatment, in particular, cinnamic acid, coumarin, and esculetin, which recorded the highest elevation level recording 1000, 488.23, and 329.5% respectively. Furthermore, results from the greenhouse experiment showed that application of the dual treatment led to an 82.8% reduction in the disease severity, compared with the control treatment. CONCLUSIONS We can conclude that the biosynthesis of lignin, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids contributed to the synergistic triggering effect of the dual treatment on wheat resistance to stripe rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes M Rashad
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt.
| | - Hany H El-Sharkawy
- Department of Mycology Research and Plant Diseases Survey, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara A Abdalla
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt
| | - Omar M Ibrahim
- Department of Plant Production, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nahla T Elazab
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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8
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Danpreedanan N, Yamuangmorn S, Jamjod S, Prom-U-Thai C, Pusadee T. Genotypic Variation of Purple Rice in Response to Shading in Yield, Anthocyanin Content, and Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2582. [PMID: 37447142 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Purple rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains anthocyanin, which acts as an antioxidant and functional food for humans. The levels of anthocyanin growth and production in rice are mainly controlled by the availability of light. However, shade can affect anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the yield and anthocyanin content among four purple rice varieties, which provide the difference in colors of purple and green leaves. This study also evaluated gene expression affected by shading treatment to understand the relation of grain anthocyanin and expression level. This research was conducted using a split plot design using four levels of shading (levels of shading from anthesis to maturity) with three replications, no shading, 30% shading, 50% shading, and 70% shading, as the main plots and purple rice varieties as subplots, KJ CMU-107, K2, K4, and KDK10, from anthesis to maturity. Shading significantly decreased yield and yield components, but increased grain anthocyanin content. Nonetheless, the response of yield and grain anthocyanin content to shading did not show a significant different between purple and green leaf varieties. In addition, the level of OsDFR gene expression was different depending on the shading level in four rice varieties. The OsDFR gene presented the highest expression at shading levels of 30% for K4 and 50% for KDK10, while the expression of the OsDFR gene was not detected in the purple rice varieties with green leaves (KJ CMU-107 and K2). The response of grain anthocyanin and gene expression of OsDFR to light treatment did not show significantly differences between the purple and green leaf varieties, suggesting that the appearance of anthocyanin in leaves might be not related to anthocyanin synthesis in the grain. Taken together, the results suggest that some purple rice varieties were more suitable for planting under low light intensity based on a lower level of grain yield loss, strong shade tolerance, and high anthocyanin content in leaf and grain pericarp. However, it is necessary to explore the effects of light intensity on genes and intermediates in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantapat Danpreedanan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Sansanee Jamjod
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Chanakan Prom-U-Thai
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Tonapha Pusadee
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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9
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Li M, Zhou Y, Li K, Guo H. Genome-Wide Comparative Analysis of the R2R3-MYB Gene Family in Six Ipomoea Species and the Identification of Anthocyanin-Related Members in Sweet Potatoes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1731. [PMID: 37111954 PMCID: PMC10140993 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) are one of the important tuberous root crops cultivated worldwide, and thier storage roots are rich in antioxidants, such as anthocyanins. R2R3-MYB is a large gene family involved in various biological processes, including anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, few reports about the R2R3-MYB gene family of sweet potatoes have been released to date. In the present study, a total of 695 typical R2R3-MYB genes were identified in six Ipomoea species, including 131 R2R3-MYB genes in sweet potatoes. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis divided these genes into 36 clades, referring to the classification of 126 R2R3-MYB proteins of Arabidopsis. Clade C25(S12) has no members in six Ipomoea species, whereas four clades (i.e., clade C21, C26, C30, and C36), including 102 members, had no members in Arabidopsis, and they were identified as Ipomoea-specific clades. The identified R2R3-MYB genes were unevenly distributed on all chromosomes in six Ipomoea species genomes, and the collinearity analysis among hexaploid I. batatas and another five diploid Ipomoea species suggested that the sweet potato genome might have undergone a larger chromosome rearrangement during the evolution process. Further analyses of gene duplication events showed that whole-genome duplication, transposed duplication, and dispersed duplication events were the primary forces driving the R2R3-MYB gene family expansion of Ipomoea plants, and these duplicated genes experienced strong purifying selection because of their Ka/Ks ratio, which is less than 1. Additionally, the genomic sequence length of 131 IbR2R3-MYBs varied from 923 bp to ~12.9 kb with a mean of ~2.6 kb, and most of them had more than three exons. The Motif 1, 2, 3, and 4 formed typical R2 and R3 domains and were identified in all IbR2R3-MYB proteins. Finally, based on multiple RNA-seq datasets, two IbR2R3-MYB genes (IbMYB1/g17138.t1 and IbMYB113/g17108.t1) were relatively highly expressed in pigmented leaves and tuberous root flesh and skin, respectively; thus, they were identified to regulate tissue-specific anthocyanin accumulation in sweet potato. This study provides a basis for the evolution and function of the R2R3-MYB gene family in sweet potatoes and five other Ipomoea species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxing Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.)
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Tuber and Root Crop Bio-Breeding and Healthy Seed Propagation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yuanping Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.)
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Tuber and Root Crop Bio-Breeding and Healthy Seed Propagation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kaifeng Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.)
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Tuber and Root Crop Bio-Breeding and Healthy Seed Propagation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Huachun Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.)
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Tuber and Root Crop Bio-Breeding and Healthy Seed Propagation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Zheng H, Jiao J, Niu Q, Zhu N, Huang Y, Ke L, Tang S, Liu H, Sun Y. Cloning and functional analysis of GhDFR1, a key gene of flavonoid synthesis pathway in naturally colored cotton. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4865-4873. [PMID: 37052804 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The naturally colored brown cotton fiber is the most widely used environmentally friendly textile material, which primarily contains proanthocyanidins and their derivatives. Many structural genes in the flavonoid synthesis pathway are known to improve the genetic resources of naturally colored cotton. Among them, DFR is a crucial late enzyme to synthesis both anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in the plant flavonoid pathway. METHODS The protein sequences of GhDFRs were analyzed using bioinformatic tools. The expression levels of GhDFRs in various tissues and organs of upland cotton Zongxu1 (ZX1), were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, and the expression pattern of GhDFR1 during fiber development of white cotton and brown cotton was analyzed further. The function of GhDFR1 in NCC ZX1 was preliminarily analyzed by virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis revealed that GhDFRs sequences in upland cotton genome were extremely conserved. Furthermore, evolutionary tree analysis revealed that the functions of GhDFR1 and GhDFR2, and GhDFR3 and GhDFR4, presented different and shared some similarities. Our study showed GhDFR1 and GhDFR2 were specifically expressed in fibers, while GhDFR3 and GhDFR4 were specifically expressed in petals. GhDFR1 was exclusively expressed in brown cotton fiber at various stages of development and progressively increased with the growth of fiber, but the trend of expression in white cotton was quite the opposite. We silenced GhDFR1 expression in brown cotton fiber using VIGS technology, and observed the VIGS-interference plants. After reducing the expression level of GhDFR1, the period for significant GhDFR1 expression in the developing fibers changed, reducing the content of anthocyanins, and lightening the color of mature cotton fibers. CONCLUSION GhDFR1 was preferentially expressed in brown cotton during fiber development. The timing of GhDFR1 expression for flavonoid synthesis altered, resulting in anthocyanin contents reduced and the fiber color of the GhDFR1i lines lightened. These findings showed the role of GhDFR1 in fiber coloration of NCC and provided a new candidate for NCC genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zheng
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Junye Jiao
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Niu
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinshuai Huang
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Ke
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouwu Tang
- China Colored-Cotton (Group) Co., Ltd., Ürümqi, 830011, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- China Colored-Cotton (Group) Co., Ltd., Ürümqi, 830011, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqiang Sun
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
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Li G, Chen Q, Bai Q, Feng Y, Mao K, Yang M, He L, Liu M, Liu J, Wan D. LncRNA expression analysis by comparative transcriptomics among closely related poplars and their regulatory roles in response to salt stress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023:tpad041. [PMID: 37017317 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating key biological processes; however, our knowledge of lncRNAs' roles in plant adaptive evolution is still limited. Here, we determined the divergence of conserved lncRNAs in closely related poplar species that were either tolerant or sensitive to salt stress by comparative transcriptome analysis. Among the 34,363 identified lncRNAs, approximately 3% were shared among poplar species with conserved sequences but diversified in their function, copy number, originating genomic region and expression patterns. Further cluster analysis revealed that the conserved lncRNAs showed more similar expression patterns within salt-tolerant poplars (P. euphratica and P. pruinosa) than between salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive poplars. Among these lncRNAs, the antisense lncRNA lncERF024 was induced by salt and differentiated expression between salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant poplars. Overexpression of lncERF024 in P. alba var. pyramidalis enhanced poplar tolerance to salt stress. Furthermore, RNA pull-down and RNA-seq analysis showed that numerous candidate genes or proteins associated with stress response and photosynthesis might be involved in salt resistance in PeulncERF024-OE poplars. Altogether, our study provided novel insight into how the diversification of lncRNA expression contributes to plant adaptation traits and showed that lncERF024 may be involved in the regulation both of gene expression and protein function conferring salt tolerance in Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiting Li
- State Key Laboratory Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qingyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiuxian Bai
- State Key Laboratory Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan,750004, China
| | - Yannan Feng
- State Key Laboratory Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kaili Mao
- State Key Laboratory Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mengran Yang
- State Key Laboratory Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ling He
- State Key Laboratory Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Meijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dongshi Wan
- State Key Laboratory Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Malka M, Du Laing G, Kurešová G, Hegedüsová A, Bohn T. Enhanced accumulation of phenolics in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds upon foliar application of selenate or zinc oxide. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1083253. [PMID: 37063310 PMCID: PMC10097936 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1083253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSelenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are essential antioxidant enzyme cofactors. Foliar Se/Zn application is a highly effective method of plant biofortification. However, little is known about the effect of such applications on the concentration of trace elements and phytochemicals with pro-oxidant or antioxidant activity in pea (Pisum sativum L.).MethodsA 2-year pot experiment (2014/2015) was conducted to examine the response of two pea varieties (Ambassador and Premium) to foliar-administered sodium selenate (0/50/100 g Se/ha) and zinc oxide (0/375/750 g Zn/ha) at the flowering stage. Concentrations of selected trace elements (Fe, Cu, and Mn), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total antioxidant activity (ABTS, FRAP) of seeds were determined.Results and conclusionsSe/Zn treatments did not improve the concentration of trace elements, while they generally enhanced TPC. Among examined treatments, the highest TPC was found in Ambassador (from 2014) treated with 100 g Se/ha and 750 g Zn/ha (2,926 and 3,221 mg/100 g DW, respectively) vs. the control (1,737 mg/100 g DW). In addition, 50 g of Se/ha increased TFC vs. the control (261 vs. 151 mg/100 g DW) in Premium (from 2014), 750 g of Zn/ha increased ABTS vs. the control (25.2 vs. 59.5 mg/100 g DW) in Ambassador (from 2015), and 50 g of Se/ha increased FRAP vs. the control (26.6 vs. 18.0 mmol/100 g DW) in Ambassador (from 2015). In linear multivariable regression models, Zn, Mn, Cu, and TPC best explained ABTS (R = 0.577), while Se, Cu, and TPC best explained the FRAP findings (R = 0.696). This study highlights the potential of foliar biofortification with trace elements for producing pea/pea products rich in bioactive plant metabolites beneficial for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Malka
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gijs Du Laing
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gabriela Kurešová
- Department of Plant Protection, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czechia
| | - Alžbeta Hegedüsová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: Torsten Bohn
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Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhang D, Su D, Li W, Wang X, Chen Q, Cai W, Xu L, Cao F, Zhang D, Yu X, Li Y. Comprehensive analysis of metabolome and transcriptome reveals the mechanism of color formation in different leave of Loropetalum Chinense var. Rubrum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:133. [PMID: 36882694 PMCID: PMC9993627 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum (L. chinense var. rubrum) is a precious, coloured-leaf native ornamental plant in the Hunan Province. We found an L. chinense var. rubrum tree with three different leaf colours: GL (green leaf), ML (mosaic leaf), and PL (purple leaf). The mechanism of leaf coloration in this plant is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the metabolites and genes involved in determining the colour composition of L. chinense var. rubrum leaves, using phenotypic/anatomic observations, pigment content detection, and comparative metabolomics and transcriptomics. RESULTS We observed that the mesophyll cells in PL were purple, while those in GL were green and those in ML were a mix of purple-green. The contents of chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll in PL and ML were significantly lower than those in GL. While the anthocyanin content in PL and ML was significantly higher than that in GL. The metabolomics results showed the differences in the content of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside, pelargonidin, and petunidin 3,5-diglucoside in ML, GL, and PL were significant. Considering that the change trend of anthocyanin content change was consistent with the leaf colour difference, we speculated that these compounds might influence the colour of L. chinense var. rubrum leaves. Using transcriptomics, we finally identified nine differentially expressed structural genes (one ANR (ANR1217); four CYP75As (CYP75A1815, CYP75A2846, CYP75A2909, and CYP75A1716); four UFGTs (UFGT1876, UFGT1649, UFGT1839, and UFGT3273) and nine transcription factors (two MYBs (MYB1057 and MYB1211), one MADS-box (MADS1235), two AP2-likes (AP2-like1779 and AP2-like2234), one bZIP (bZIP3720), two WD40s (WD2173 and WD1867) and one bHLH (bHLH1631) that might be related to flavonoid biosynthesis and then impacted the appearance of colour in L. chinense var. rubrum leaves. CONCLUSION This study revealed potential molecular mechanisms associated with leaf coloration in L. chinense var. rubrum by analyzing differential metabolites and genes related to the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. It also provided a reference for research on leaf colour variation in other ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 410128, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
- Hunan Horticulture Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 410125, Changsha, China
| | - Damao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 410128, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Dingding Su
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, 262041, Weifang, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Hunan Horticulture Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 410125, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Comprehensive Utilization, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangfei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 410128, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Qianru Chen
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 410128, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Wenqi Cai
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 410128, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Xu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 410128, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Fuxiang Cao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 410128, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Dongling Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 30602, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 410128, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, 410128, Changsha, China.
| | - Yanlin Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China.
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 410128, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, 410128, Changsha, China.
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Enzymatic Investigation of Spongospora subterranea Zoospore Attachment to Roots of Potato Cultivars Resistant or Susceptible to Powdery Scab Disease. Proteomes 2023; 11:proteomes11010007. [PMID: 36810563 PMCID: PMC9944879 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For potato crops, host resistance is currently the most effective and sustainable tool to manage diseases caused by the plasmodiophorid Spongospora subterranea. Arguably, zoospore root attachment is the most critical phase of infection; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study investigated the potential role of root-surface cell-wall polysaccharides and proteins in cultivars resistant/susceptible to zoospore attachment. We first compared the effects of enzymatic removal of root cell-wall proteins, N-linked glycans and polysaccharides on S. subterranea attachment. Subsequent analysis of peptides released by trypsin shaving (TS) of root segments identified 262 proteins that were differentially abundant between cultivars. These were enriched in root-surface-derived peptides but also included intracellular proteins, e.g., proteins associated with glutathione metabolism and lignin biosynthesis, which were more abundant in the resistant cultivar. Comparison with whole-root proteomic analysis of the same cultivars identified 226 proteins specific to the TS dataset, of which 188 were significantly different. Among these, the pathogen-defence-related cell-wall protein stem 28 kDa glycoprotein and two major latex proteins were significantly less abundant in the resistant cultivar. A further major latex protein was reduced in the resistant cultivar in both the TS and whole-root datasets. In contrast, three glutathione S-transferase proteins were more abundant in the resistant cultivar (TS-specific), while the protein glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase was increased in both datasets. These results imply a particular role for major latex proteins and glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase in regulating zoospore binding to potato roots and susceptibility to S. subterranea.
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Cobo-Simón I, Maloof JN, Li R, Amini H, Méndez-Cea B, García-García I, Gómez-Garrido J, Esteve-Codina A, Dabad M, Alioto T, Wegrzyn JL, Seco JI, Linares JC, Gallego FJ. Contrasting transcriptomic patterns reveal a genomic basis for drought resilience in the relict fir Abies pinsapo Boiss. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:315-334. [PMID: 36210755 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change challenges the adaptive capacity of several forest tree species in the face of increasing drought and rising temperatures. Therefore, understanding the mechanistic connections between genetic diversity and drought resilience is highly valuable for conserving drought-sensitive forests. Nonetheless, the post-drought recovery in trees from a transcriptomic perspective has not yet been studied by comparing contrasting phenotypes. Here, experimental drought treatments, gas-exchange dynamics and transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) were performed in the relict and drought-sensitive fir Abies pinsapo Boiss. to identify gene expression differences over immediate (24 h) and extended drought (20 days). Post-drought responses were investigated to define resilient and sensitive phenotypes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also studied to characterize the genomic basis of A. pinsapo drought resilience. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed an activation of stomatal closing and an inhibition of plant growth-related genes during the immediate drought, consistent with an isohydric dynamic. During the extended drought, transcription factors, as well as cellular damage and homeostasis protection-related genes prevailed. Resilient individuals activate photosynthesis-related genes and inhibit aerial growth-related genes, suggesting a shifting shoot/root biomass allocation to improve water uptake and whole-plant carbon balance. About, 152 fixed SNPs were found between resilient and sensitive seedlings, which were mostly located in RNA-activity-related genes, including epigenetic regulation. Contrasting gene expression and SNPs were found between different post-drought resilience phenotypes for the first time in a forest tree, suggesting a transcriptomic and genomic basis for drought resilience. The obtained drought-related transcriptomic profile and drought-resilience candidate genes may guide conservation programs for this threatened tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cobo-Simón
- Dpto Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Univ. Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Dpto Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Unidad de Genética, Facultad de CC Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Julin N Maloof
- University of California at Davis, Department of Plant Biology, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ruijuan Li
- University of California at Davis, Department of Plant Biology, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hajar Amini
- University of California at Davis, Department of Plant Biology, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Belén Méndez-Cea
- Dpto Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Unidad de Genética, Facultad de CC Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Isabel García-García
- Dpto Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Unidad de Genética, Facultad de CC Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Jèssica Gómez-Garrido
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marc Dabad
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Tyler Alioto
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Jill L Wegrzyn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - José Ignacio Seco
- Dpto Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Univ. Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Linares
- Dpto Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Univ. Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gallego
- Dpto Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Unidad de Genética, Facultad de CC Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040, Spain
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Li J, Liu X, Xu L, Li W, Yao Q, Yin X, Wang Q, Tan W, Xing W, Liu D. Low nitrogen stress-induced transcriptome changes revealed the molecular response and tolerance characteristics in maintaining the C/N balance of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1164151. [PMID: 37152145 PMCID: PMC10160481 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1164151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plants, acting as a common limiting factor for crop yield. The application of nitrogen fertilizer is related to the sustainable development of both crops and the environment. To further explore the molecular response of sugar beet under low nitrogen (LN) supply, transcriptome analysis was performed on the LN-tolerant germplasm '780016B/12 superior'. In total, 580 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in leaves, and 1,075 DEGs were identified in roots (log2 |FC| ≥ 1; q value < 0.05). Gene Ontology (GO), protein-protein interaction (PPI), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses clarified the role and relationship of DEGs under LN stress. Most of the downregulated DEGs were closely related to "photosynthesis" and the metabolism of "photosynthesis-antenna proteins", "carbon", "nitrogen", and "glutathione", while the upregulated DEGs were involved in flavonoid and phenylalanine biosynthesis. For example, GLUDB (glutamate dehydrogenase B) was identified as a key downregulated gene, linking carbon, nitrogen, and glutamate metabolism. Thus, low nitrogen-tolerant sugar beet reduced energy expenditure mainly by reducing the synthesis of energy-consuming amino acids, which in turn improved tolerance to low nitrogen stress. The glutathione metabolism biosynthesis pathway was promoted to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protect cells from oxidative damage. The expression levels of nitrogen assimilation and amino acid transport genes, such as NRT2.5 (high-affinity nitrate transporter), NR (nitrate reductase [NADH]), NIR (ferredoxin-nitrite reductase), GS (glutamine synthetase leaf isozyme), GLUDB, GST (glutathione transferase) and GGT3 (glutathione hydrolase 3) at low nitrogen levels play a decisive role in nitrogen utilization and may affect the conversion of the carbon skeleton. DFRA (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase) in roots was negatively correlated with NIR in leaves (coefficient = -0.98, p < 0.05), suggesting that there may be corresponding remote regulation between "flavonoid biosynthesis" and "nitrogen metabolism" in roots and leaves. FBP (fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase) and PGK (phosphoglycerate kinase) were significantly positively correlated (p < 0.001) with Ci (intercellular CO2 concentration). The reliability and reproducibility of the RNA-seq data were further confirmed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) validation of 22 genes (R2 = 0.98). This study reveals possible pivotal genes and metabolic pathways for sugar beet adaptation to nitrogen-deficient environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingqing Xu
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Wangsheng Li
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Yao
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Xilong Yin
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbo Tan
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Wang Xing
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Dali Liu, ; Wang Xing,
| | - Dali Liu
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Dali Liu, ; Wang Xing,
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Niu B, Li Q, Fan L, Shi X, Liu Y, Zhuang Q, Qin X. De Novo Assembly of a Sarcocarp Transcriptome Set Identifies AaMYB1 as a Regulator of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Actinidia arguta var. purpurea. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012120. [PMID: 36292977 PMCID: PMC9603036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta var. purpurea) produces oval shaped fruits containing a slightly green or mauve outer exocarp and a purple-flesh endocarp with rows of tiny black seeds. The flesh color of the fruit results from a range of anthocyanin compounds, and is an important trait for kiwifruit consumers. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis of the sarcocarp during A. arguta fruit development, de novo assembly and transcriptomic profile analyses were performed. Based on significant Gene Ontology (GO) biological terms, differentially expressed genes were identified in flavonoid biosynthetic and metabolic processes, pigment biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolic processes, and amino acid metabolic processes. The genes closely related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), displayed significant up-regulation during fruit development according to the transcriptomic data, which was further confirmed by qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, a series of transcription factor genes were identified among the DEGs. Through a correlation analysis. AaMYB1 was found to be significantly correlated with key genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis, especially with CHS. Through a transient expression assay, AaMYB1 induced anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco leaves. These data provide an important basis for exploring the related mechanisms of sarcocarp anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. arguta. This study will provide a strong foundation for functional studies on A. arguta and will facilitate improved breeding of A. arguta fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Niu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Qiaohong Li
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Lijuan Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Qiguo Zhuang
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Xiaobo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Wang X, Li L, Liu C, Zhang M, Wen Y. An integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis of the Hibiscus syriacus L. petals reveal the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation. Front Genet 2022; 13:995748. [PMID: 36134031 PMCID: PMC9483124 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.995748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus syriacus L. var. Shigyoku is a new double-flowered bluish-purple variety in China that changes color during flower development from bluish-purple to light purple. There is limited information on the anthocyanin accumulation patterns and associated transcriptome signatures in Shigyoku from D1 (bud) to open flower (D3). Here, we employed a combined transcriptome and metabolome approach to understanding the mechanism of this color change. Our results demonstrate that cyanidins, pelargonidins, delphinidins, petunidins, peonidins, and malvidins were differentially accumulated in Shigyoku petals. The anthocyanin biosynthesis started in D1, was significantly upregulated in D2 (semi-open flower), and reduced in D3. However, malvidins, pelargonidins, and peonidins could be associated with the bluish-purple coloration on D2. Their reduced accumulation in D3 imparted the light purple coloration to Shigyoku petals on D3. Significant contributions in the color change could be associated with the expression changes in anthocyanin biosynthesis genes i.e., LARs, ANSs, DFRs, UGT79B1, C3’Hs, 3ATs, and BZ1s. The UFGTs were associated with the higher accumulation of glycosylated anthocyanins in D2 and D3. Furthermore, the changes in the expressions of the MYB and bHLH transcription factors were consistent with the anthocyanin accumulation. Finally, we discussed the possible roles of Jasmonic acid, auxin, and gibberellic acid signaling in regulating the MBW complex. Taken together, we conclude that H. syriacus petal coloration is associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, the MBW complex, and phytohormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Wang, ; Yafeng Wen,
| | - Lihua Li
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Caixian Liu
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Minhuan Zhang
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha, China
| | - Yafeng Wen
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Wang, ; Yafeng Wen,
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19
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Wang M, Liu K, Bu H, Cong H, Dong G, Xu N, Li C, Zhao Y, Jiang F, Zhang Y, Yuan B, Li R, Jiang J. Purple sweet potato delphinidin-3-rutin represses glioma proliferation by inducing miR-20b-5p/Atg7-dependent cytostatic autophagy. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 26:314-329. [PMID: 36090477 PMCID: PMC9420429 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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20
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Determining the Effects of Light on the Fruit Peel Quality of Photosensitive and Nonphotosensitive Eggplant. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162095. [PMID: 36015399 PMCID: PMC9416183 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With the development of facility agriculture, low-light stress is a prominent problem and a popular research topic currently. In this study, transcriptome analysis was used to analyze the genes in the fruit peel of photosensitive and nonphotosensitive eggplant and to explore the mechanism of changes in fruit color, texture, hormone content, aroma, and taste of these two different types of eggplant. We identified 51, 65, 66, and 66 genes involved in synthesizing anthocyanins, texture, hormone content, and aroma and flavor, respectively, in the two different types of eggplant based on the variation in gene expression trends in the fruit peel. These results provide a basis for further analysis of the molecular mechanism underlying the regulatory processes in eggplant fruits under low-light stress.
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21
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Malka M, Du Laing G, Bohn T. Separate Effects of Foliar Applied Selenate and Zinc Oxide on the Accumulation of Macrominerals, Macronutrients and Bioactive Compounds in Two Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) Seed Varieties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2009. [PMID: 35956488 PMCID: PMC9370774 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are important cofactors for antioxidant enzymes. Foliar Se/Zn application is a highly efficient strategy of plant biofortification. However, its effects on the accumulation of macrominerals, macronutrients and bioactive compounds in the pea plant (Pisum sativum L.) have been poorly investigated. A two-year pot experiment was performed to study responses of two pea varieties (Ambassador, Premium) to foliar-applied sodium selenate (0/50/100 g Se/ha) and zinc oxide (0/375/750 g Zn/ha) at the flowering stage. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Na, soluble solids (SSC), protein, chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, total carotenoids and total condensed tannins (TCT) were determined in seeds. Mg concentration in Ambassador and chlorophyll a concentration in Premium were positively affected, in part, by selenate and zinc oxide, respectively. Selenate and zinc oxide increased, in part, protein concentration in Premium. Highest protein concentration was found in Premium treated with 375 g Zn/ha (27.6% DW) vs. the control (26.6% DW). Significant (all p < 0.001) positive correlations were found, among others, between concentrations of Zn and Mg (r2 = 0.735) and between Zn and protein (r2 = 0.437) for Ambassador, and between Mg and protein (r2 = 0.682), between Zn and Mg (r2 = 0.807), as well as between Zn and protein (r2 = 0.884) for Premium. TCT significantly (all p < 0.05) and positively correlated with SSC (r2 = 0.131), chlorophyll b (r2 = 0.128) and total chlorophyll (r2 = 0.109) for Ambassador. This study provides new nutritional data on Se/Zn biofortified peas, important for improving agronomic biofortification of pea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Malka
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (M.M.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Gijs Du Laing
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (M.M.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
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22
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Yamazaki R, Katsube-Tanaka T, Ogiso-Tanaka E, Kawasaki Y, Shiraiwa T. High source-sink ratio at and after sink capacity formation promotes green stem disorder in soybean. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10440. [PMID: 35729247 PMCID: PMC9213405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Green stem disorder (GSD) of soybean is characterized by delayed leaf and stem maturation despite normal pod maturation. Previous studies have suggested that GSD occurrence is promoted by a high source-sink ratio, which is produced by thinning or shade removal at the R5 growth stage (the beginning of seed filling). Here the effects of different times and durations of shade removal after the R5 stage on GSD severity were analyzed. First, shade removal for more than 28 days after R5 increased GSD severity by more than 0.4 point in GSD score. Thinning treatment at R5 increased specific leaf weight by 23%, suppressed stem dry weight reduction, and upregulated 19 genes including those encoding vegetative storage proteins at R5 + 28d, indicating excess source ability relative to sink size. On the contrary, shade removal for 14 days after R5 decreased GSD severity by 0.5 point in GSD score. In this treatment, seed size was smaller, while seed number was significantly larger than control, suggesting that shortage of source ability relative to sink size. These results implied that soybean plants regulate GSD occurrences either positively or negatively according to a source-sink ratio during the R5 to R5 + 28d growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamazaki
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center (Kinki, Chugoku, and Shikoku Regions), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu-cho, Fukuyama-shi, Hiroshima, 721-8514, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Katsube-Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Eri Ogiso-Tanaka
- Institute of Crop Science (NICS), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center (Kinki, Chugoku, and Shikoku Regions), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu-cho, Fukuyama-shi, Hiroshima, 721-8514, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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23
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Wang D, Wang J, Wang Y, Yao D, Niu Y. Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Profiling Uncover the Underlying Mechanism of Color Differentiation in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:884957. [PMID: 35755689 PMCID: PMC9218823 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.884957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. (Chinese skullcap or Huang-qin) is an extremely crucial medicinal plant in the Labiate family, and the color of its flowers naturally appears purple. However, during the long-term cultivation of S. baicalensis, very few plants of S. baicalensis also present white and purple-red flower colors under the same ecological conditions. However, the complex metabolic and transcriptional networks underlying color formation in white, purple-red, and purple flowers of S. baicalensis remain largely unclarified. To gain an insight into this issue, we conducted transcriptome and metabolomic profiling to elucidate the anthocyanin synthesis metabolic pathway in the flowers of S. baicalensis, and to identify the differentially expressed candidate genes potentially involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins. The results showed that 15 anthocyanins were identified, among which cyanidin 3-rutinoside and delphin chloride were the primary anthocyanins, and accumulation was significantly related to the flower color changes of S. baicalensis. Furthermore, the down-regulation of SbDFR (Sb02g31040) reduced the anthocyanin levels in the flowers of S. baicalensis. The differential expression of the Sb3GT (Sb07g04780 and Sb01g72290) gene in purple and purple-red flowers affected anthocyanin accumulation, suggesting that anthocyanin levels were closely associated with the expression of SbDFR and Sb3GT, which play important roles in regulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis process of S. baicalensis flowers. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that transcription factors WRKY, bHLH, and NAC were also highly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation, especially for NAC35, which positively regulated SbDFR (Sb02g31040) gene expression and modulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in flower color variation of S. baicalensis. Overall, this study presents the first experimental evidence for the metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles of S. baicalensis in response to flower coloration, which provides a foundation for dynamic metabolic engineering and plant breeding, and to understand floral evolution in S. baicalensis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yanbing Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
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24
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Zhang R, Li M, Tang C, Jiang B, Yao Z, Mo X, Wang Z. Combining Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Reveal the Mechanism of Coloration in Purple and Cream Mutant of Sweet Potato ( Ipomoea batatas L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:877695. [PMID: 35599902 PMCID: PMC9116297 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.877695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Purple sweet potato is considered as a healthy food because of its high anthocyanins. To understand the coloring mechanism and quality change between purple-fleshed sweet potato (cv. Xuzi201) and its cream fleshed mutant (M1001), a combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis was performed. The metabolome data showed that 4 anthocyanins, 19 flavones, 6 flavanones, and 4 flavonols dramatically decreased in M1001, while the contents of 3 isoflavones, 3 flavonols, 4 catechins, and 2 proanthocyanins increased. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that the expression of 49 structural genes in the flavonoid pathway and transcription factors (TFs) (e.g., bHLH2, R2R3-MYB, MYB1) inducting anthocyanin biosynthesis were downregulated, but the repressor MYB44 was upregulated. The IbMYB1-2 gene was detected as a mutation gene in M1001, which is responsible for anthocyanin accumulation in the storage roots. Thus, the deficiency of purple color in the mutant is due to the lack of anthocyanin accumulation which was regulated by IbMYB1. Moreover, the accumulation of starch and aromatic volatiles was significantly different between Xuzi201 and M1001. These results not only revealed the mechanism of color mutation but also uncovered certain health-promoting compounds in sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaochen Tang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingzhi Jiang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhufang Yao
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Mo
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangying Wang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Transcriptome analysis reveals anthocyanin regulation in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) at low temperatures. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6308. [PMID: 35428824 PMCID: PMC9012755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese cabbage that prefers cold conditions is also affected by low-temperature stress, such as the accumulation of leaf anthocyanins. Research on anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation mechanisms has made great progress. However, research on anthocyanin accumulation for resistance to biological and non-biological stress is still lacking. To study the relationship between anthocyanin accumulation of Chinese cabbage and resistance under low-temperature conditions, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on Chinese cabbage ‘Xiao Baojian’ grown at a low temperature for four time periods and at a control temperature for five time periods. In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, 7954 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched, of which 587 DEGs belonged to "biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites." Gene temporal expression patterns were used to discover enriched genes related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis; flavonoid biosynthesis and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways were found in cluster 1. The interaction networks were constructed, and hub genes were selected, showing that flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes (DFR, ANS, F3H, FLS1, CHS1, CHS3, and TT8) and defense mechanisms-related genes (DFR, SNL6, and TKPR1) interact with each other. Anthocyanin biosynthesis DEGs in Chinese cabbage were evaluated under low-temperature conditions to map the relevant pathways, and expression maps of transcription factors in the flavonoid pathway were created at various periods. Low temperature upregulated the expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Taken together, our results provide further analysis of the relationship between plant anthocyanin synthesis and stress resistance and may also provide further insights for the future development of high-quality color and cold-tolerant Chinese cabbage germplasm resources.
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26
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Mahoney JD, Wang S, Iorio LA, Wegrzyn JL, Dorris M, Martin D, Bolling BW, Brand MH, Wang H. De novo assembly of a fruit transcriptome set identifies AmMYB10 as a key regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Aronia melanocarpa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:143. [PMID: 35337270 PMCID: PMC8951710 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aronia is a group of deciduous fruiting shrubs, of the Rosaceae family, native to eastern North America. Interest in Aronia has increased because of the high levels of dietary antioxidants in Aronia fruits. Using Illumina RNA-seq transcriptome analysis, this study investigates the molecular mechanisms of polyphenol biosynthesis during Aronia fruit development. Six A. melanocarpa (diploid) accessions were collected at four fruit developmental stages. De novo assembly was performed with 341 million clean reads from 24 samples and assembled into 90,008 transcripts with an average length of 801 bp. The transcriptome had 96.1% complete according to Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCOs). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in flavonoid biosynthetic and metabolic processes, pigment biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolic processes, and polysaccharide metabolic processes based on significant Gene Ontology (GO) biological terms. The expression of ten anthocyanin biosynthetic genes showed significant up-regulation during fruit development according to the transcriptomic data, which was further confirmed using qRT-PCR expression analyses. Additionally, transcription factor genes were identified among the DEGs. Using a transient expression assay, we confirmed that AmMYB10 induces anthocyanin biosynthesis. The de novo transcriptome data provides a valuable resource for the understanding the molecular mechanisms of fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis in Aronia and species of the Rosaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Mahoney
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Sining Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Liam A Iorio
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jill L Wegrzyn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Matthew Dorris
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Derek Martin
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Bradley W Bolling
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Mark H Brand
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Huanzhong Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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Yan H, Ma M, Ahmad MQ, Arisha MH, Tang W, Li C, Zhang Y, Kou M, Wang X, Gao R, Song W, Li Z, Li Q. High-Density Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Genetic Map Construction and Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Color-Related Traits of Purple Sweet Potato [ Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:797041. [PMID: 35069654 PMCID: PMC8770336 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.797041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flesh color (FC), skin color (SC), and anthocyanin content (AC) are three important traits being used for commodity evaluation in purple-fleshed sweet potato. However, to date, only a few reports are available on the inheritance of these traits. In this study, we used a biparental mapping population of 274 F1 progeny generated from a cross between a dark purple-fleshed (Xuzishu8) and white-fleshed (Meiguohong) sweet potato variety for genetic analyses. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation among AC, SC, and FC. Medium-to-high heritability was observed for these traits. We detected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) with the average sequencing depth of 51.72 and 25.76 for parents and progeny, respectively. Then we constructed an integrated genetic map consisting of 15 linkage groups (LGS) of sweet potato spanning on 2,233.66 cm with an average map distance of 0.71 cm between adjacent markers. Based on the linkage map, ten major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated to FC, SC, and AC were identified on LG12 between 0 and 64.97 cm distance, such as one QTL for SC and FC, respectively, which explained 36.3 and 45.9% of phenotypic variation; eight QTLs for AC, which explained 10.5-28.5% of the variation. These major QTLs were highly consistent and co-localized on LG12. Positive correlation, high heritability, and co-localization of QTLs on the same LG group confirm the significance of this study to establish a marker-assisted breeding program for sweet potato improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yan
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng Ma
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Qadir Ahmad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Wei Tang
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xuzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yungang Zhang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng Kou
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xuzhou, China
| | - Runfei Gao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xuzhou, China
| | - Weihan Song
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xuzhou, China
| | - Zongyun Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xuzhou, China
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28
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He S, Wang H, Hao X, Wu Y, Bian X, Yin M, Zhang Y, Fan W, Dai H, Yuan L, Zhang P, Chen L. Dynamic network biomarker analysis discovers IbNAC083 in the initiation and regulation of sweet potato root tuberization. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:793-813. [PMID: 34460981 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The initiation and development of storage roots (SRs) are intricately regulated by a transcriptional regulatory network. One key challenge is to accurately pinpoint the tipping point during the transition from pre-swelling to SRs and to identify the core regulators governing such a critical transition. To solve this problem, we performed a dynamic network biomarker (DNB) analysis of transcriptomic dynamics during root development in Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato). First, our analysis identified stage-specific expression patterns for a significant proportion (>9%) of the sweet potato genes and unraveled the chronology of events that happen at the early and later stages of root development. Then, the results showed that different root developmental stages can be depicted by co-expressed modules of sweet potato genes. Moreover, we identified the key components and transcriptional regulatory network that determine root development. Furthermore, through DNB analysis an early stage, with a root diameter of 3.5 mm, was identified as the critical period of SR swelling initiation, which is consistent with morphological and metabolic changes. In particular, we identified a NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) domain transcription factor, IbNAC083, as a core regulator of this initiation in the DNB-associated network. Further analyses and experiments showed that IbNAC083, along with its associated differentially expressed genes, induced dysfunction of metabolism processes, including the biosynthesis of lignin, flavonol and starch, thus leading to the transition to swelling roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao He
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaomeng Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yinliang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaofeng Bian
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Minhao Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- College of Tree Peony, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Yandi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weijuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Luonan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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Rizki Budiman M, Lina Wiraswati H, Rezano A. Purple Sweet Potato Phytochemicals: Potential Chemo-preventive and Anticancer Activities. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Purple sweet potato (PSP; Ipomoea batatas (L.) lam.) is a perennial plant from the morning glory family Convolvulaceae. This plant contains many functional compounds and a high concentration of anthocyanins and phenols, in contrast to other sweet potato plants of different colors. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that parts of PSP have interesting functions in the setting of cancer.
AIM: This article is a collective review of the potential properties of PSP in cancer, with an emphasis on its effects in breast, bladder, colorectal, liver, gastric, and cervical cancers.METHODS: Major English research databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched for studies evaluating the activity of PSP against cancer published ended in Mei 2020.
RESULTS: The search yielded 72 articles relevant to this topic. Of note, PSP phytochemicals such anthocyanins and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives act as an antioxidant that scavenges free radicals and regulates the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, acts as an antimutagenic agent, and has anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the NF-κB pathway as a Chemo-preventive mechanism. Furthermore, PSP can promote apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibit proliferation, cell growth inhibition, and inhibit cancer progression that actions collectively sum as anticancer activity in many cancer cells. The primary target-signaling pathway that is interfered by PSP is the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway, which is a very common mutated pathway in cancer cells that regulates many physiologic processes inside the cells.
CONCLUSION: As a promising medicinal plant that may serve as a Chemo-preventive and anticancer agent, further research on PSP is required to determine its clinical uses and potential as a food supplement.
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Naing AH, Kim CK. Abiotic stress-induced anthocyanins in plants: Their role in tolerance to abiotic stresses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1711-1723. [PMID: 33605458 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as heat, drought, salinity, low temperature, and heavy metals, inhibit plant growth and reduce crop productivity. Abiotic stresses are becoming increasingly extreme worldwide due to the ongoing deterioration of the global climate and the increase in agrochemical utilization and industrialization. Plants grown in fields are affected by one or more abiotic stresses. The consequent stress response of plants induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are then used as signaling molecules to activate stress-tolerance mechanism. However, under extreme stress conditions, ROS are overproduced and cause oxidative damage to plants. In such conditions, plants produce anthocyanins after ROS signaling via the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. These anthocyanins are then utilized in antioxidant activities by scavenging excess ROS for their sustainability. In this review, we discuss the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stress-induced anthocyanins in plants and their role in abiotic stress tolerance. In addition, we highlight the current progress in the development of anthocyanin-enriched transgenic plants and their ability to increase abiotic stress tolerance. Overall, this review provides valuable information that increases our understanding of the mechanisms by which anthocyanins respond to abiotic stress and protect plants against it. This review also provides practical guidance for plant biologists who are engineering stress-tolerant crops using anthocyanin biosynthesis or regulatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Htay Naing
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang Kil Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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31
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Zhang J, Zhao J, Tan Q, Qiu X, Mei S. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key genes associated with pigmentation in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) skin and flesh. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11434. [PMID: 34075070 PMCID: PMC8169917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus) is an important vegetable worldwide that exhibits different flesh and skin colors. The anthocyanins responsible for the red and purple coloring in radishes possess nutritional value and pharmaceutical potential. To explore the structural and regulatory networks related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and identify key genes, we performed comparative transcriptome analyses of the skin and flesh of six colored radish accessions. The transcript profiles showed that each accession had a species-specific transcript profile. For radish pigmentation accumulation, the expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (RsTT4, RsC4H, RsTT7, RsCCOAMT, RsDFR, and RsLDOX) were significantly upregulated in the red- and purple-colored accessions, but were downregulated or absent in the white and black accessions. The correlation test, combined with metabolome (PCC > 0.95), revealed five structural genes (RsTT4, RsDFR, RsCCOAMT, RsF3H, and RsBG8L) and three transcription factors (RsTT8-1, RsTT8-2, and RsPAR1) to be significantly correlated with flavonoids in the skin of the taproot. Four structural genes (RsBG8L, RsDFR, RsCCOAMT, and RsLDOX) and nine transcription factors (RsTT8-1, RsTT8-2, RsMYB24L, RsbHLH57, RsPAR2L, RsbHLH113L, RsOGR3L, RsMYB24, and RsMYB34L) were found to be significantly correlated with metabolites in the flesh of the taproot. This study provides a foundation for future studies on the gene functions and genetic diversity of radish pigmentation and should aid in the cultivation of new valuable radish varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifang Zhang
- grid.464342.3Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China ,Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- grid.410753.4Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qunyun Tan
- grid.464342.3Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China ,Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojun Qiu
- grid.464342.3Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China ,Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Shiyong Mei
- grid.464342.3Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China ,Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
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32
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Li J, West JB, Hart A, Wegrzyn JL, Smith MA, Domec JC, Loopstra CA, Casola C. Extensive Variation in Drought-Induced Gene Expression Changes Between Loblolly Pine Genotypes. Front Genet 2021; 12:661440. [PMID: 34140968 PMCID: PMC8203665 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.661440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought response is coordinated through expression changes in a large suite of genes. Interspecific variation in this response is common and associated with drought-tolerant and -sensitive genotypes. The extent to which different genetic networks orchestrate the adjustments to water deficit in tolerant and sensitive genotypes has not been fully elucidated, particularly in non-model or woody plants. Differential expression analysis via RNA-seq was evaluated in root tissue exposed to simulated drought conditions in two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) clones with contrasting tolerance to drought. Loblolly pine is the prevalent conifer in southeastern U.S. and a major commercial forestry species worldwide. Significant changes in gene expression levels were found in more than 4,000 transcripts [drought-related transcripts (DRTs)]. Genotype by environment (GxE) interactions were prevalent, suggesting that different cohorts of genes are influenced by drought conditions in the tolerant vs. sensitive genotypes. Functional annotation categories and metabolic pathways associated with DRTs showed higher levels of overlap between clones, with the notable exception of GO categories in upregulated DRTs. Conversely, both differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) and TF families were largely different between clones. Our results indicate that the response of a drought-tolerant loblolly pine genotype vs. a sensitive genotype to water limitation is remarkably different on a gene-by-gene level, although it involves similar genetic networks. Upregulated transcripts under drought conditions represent the most diverging component between genotypes, which might depend on the activation and repression of substantially different groups of TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjia Li
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jason B West
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Alexander Hart
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Jill L Wegrzyn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Matthew A Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jean-Christophe Domec
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1391 INRA ISPA, Gradignan, France.,Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Carol A Loopstra
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Claudio Casola
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Yang YH, Yang H, Li RF, Li CX, Zeng L, Wang CJ, Li N, Luo Z. A Rehmannia glutinosa cinnamate 4-hydroxylase promotes phenolic accumulation and enhances tolerance to oxidative stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:375-391. [PMID: 33392729 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RgC4H promotes phenolic accumulation in R. glutinosa, activating the molecular networks of its antioxidant systems, and enhancing the tolerance to oxidative stresses exposed to drought, salinity and H2O2 conditions. Rehmannia glutinosa is of great economic importance in China and increasing R. glutinosa productivity relies, in part, on understanding its tolerance to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a key influencing factor for crop productivity in plants exposed to harsh conditions. In the defense mechanisms of plants against stress, phenolics serve an important antioxidant function. Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) is the first hydroxylase in the plant phenolics biosynthesis pathway, and elucidating the molecular characteristics of this gene in R. glutinosa is essential for understanding the effect of tolerance to oxidative stress tolerance on improving yield. Using in vitro and in silico methods, a C4H gene, RgC4H, from R. glutinosa was isolated and characterized. RgC4H has 86.34-93.89% amino acid sequence identity with the equivalent protein in other plants and localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. An association between the RgC4H expression and total phenolics content observed in non-transgenic and transgenic R. glutinosa plants suggests that this gene is involved in the process of phenolics biosynthesis. Furthermore, the tolerance of R. glutinosa to drought, salinity and H2O2 stresses was positively or negatively altered in plants with the overexpression or knockdown of RgC4H, respectively, as indicated by the analysis in some antioxidant physiological and molecular indices. Our study highlights the important role of RgC4H in the phenolics/phenylpropanoid pathway and reveals the involvement of phenolic-mediated regulation in oxidative stress tolerance in R. glutinosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hui Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-Technology Zero, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Heng Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-Technology Zero, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Rui Fang Li
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-Technology Zero, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Cui Xiang Li
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-Technology Zero, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-Technology Zero, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Chao Jie Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-Technology Zero, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-Technology Zero, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhuang Luo
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-Technology Zero, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
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34
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Ren L, Zhang T, Wu H, Ge Y, Zhao X, Shen X, Zhou W, Wang T, Zhang Y, Ma D, Wang A. Exploring the metabolic changes in sweet potato during postharvest storage using a widely targeted metabolomics approach. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ren
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Wu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Ge
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuehong Zhao
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodie Shen
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Wuyu Zhou
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianlong Wang
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Yungang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato (Xuzhou) Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Daifu Ma
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato (Xuzhou) Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Aimin Wang
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
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35
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Zhang J, Qiu X, Tan Q, Xiao Q, Mei S. A Comparative Metabolomics Study of Flavonoids in Radish with Different Skin and Flesh Colors ( Raphanus sativus L .). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14463-14470. [PMID: 33216541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus) is an important worldwide vegetable with a wide variety of colors that affect its appearance and nutritional quality. However, the large-scale detection, identification, and quantification of flavonoids in multicolor radish have rarely been studied. To uncover the diversity and accession-specific flavonoids in radish, liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the metabolic profiles in the skin and flesh of six colored radish accessions: light-red Manshenhong, dark-red Touxinhong (TXH), purple Zijinling (ZJL), Xinlimei with red flesh (XLMF) and green skin, white Shizhuangbai (SZB), and black radish. In total, 133 flavonoids, including 16 dihydroflavones, 44 flavones, 14 flavonoids, 9 anthocyanins, and 28 flavonols, were characterized. The flavonoid metabolic profiles differed among the different colored radishes. Red and purple radishes contained similar anthocyanin compounds responsible for color pigmentation, including red cyanidin, callistephin, and pelargonin. Purple ZJL was most enriched with cyanidin o-syringic acid and cyanin, whereas callistephin and pelargonin were more abundant in dark-red TXH. Additionally, the black and white radishes shared similar anthocyanin and flavonoid profiles, suggesting that the color of black radishes was not caused by anthocyanin but by other metabolites. The metabolites in colored radishes that differed from SZB were mainly involved in the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, such as flavonoid, flavone, flavonol, isoflavonoid, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. This study provides new insights into the differences in metabolite profiles among radishes with different skin and flesh colors. The results will be useful for aiding the cultivation of valuable new radish varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifang Zhang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
- Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojun Qiu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
- Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Qunyun Tan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
- Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Qingming Xiao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
- Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Shiyong Mei
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
- Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
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Akman M, Carlson JE, Latimer AM. Climate explains population divergence in drought-induced plasticity of functional traits and gene expression in a South African Protea. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:255-273. [PMID: 33098695 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-term environmental variation often drives local adaptation and leads to trait differentiation across populations. Additionally, when traits change in an environment-dependent way through phenotypic plasticity, the genetic variation underlying plasticity will also be under selection. These processes could create a landscape of differentiation across populations in traits and their plasticity. Here, we performed a dry-down experiment under controlled conditions to measure responses in seedlings of a shrub species from the Cape Floristic Region, the common sugarbush (Protea repens). We measured morphological and physiological traits, and sequenced whole transcriptomes of leaf tissues from eight populations that represent both the climatic and the geographical distribution of this species. We found that there is substantial variation in how populations respond to drought, but we also observed common patterns such as reduced leaf size and leaf thickness, and up-regulation of stress-related and down-regulation of growth-related gene groups. Both high environmental heterogeneity and milder source site climates were associated with higher plasticity in various traits and co-expression gene networks. Associations between traits, trait plasticity, gene networks and the source site climate suggest that temperature may play a greater role in shaping these patterns when compared to precipitation, in line with recent changes in the region due to climate change. We also found that traits respond to climatic variation in an environment-dependent manner: some associations between traits and climate were apparent only under certain growing conditions. Together, our results uncover common responses of P. repens populations to drought, and climatic drivers of population differentiation in functional traits, gene expression and their plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Akman
- Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jane E Carlson
- Department of Biology, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA, USA.,Gulf Coast Network Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Services, Washington, DC, USA
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Jiang L, Fan Z, Tong R, Zhou X, Li J, Yin H. Functional Diversification of the Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase from Camellia nitidissima Chi. in the Control of Polyphenol Biosynthesis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1341. [PMID: 33198369 PMCID: PMC7696568 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolism is complex in its diverse chemical composition and dynamic regulation of biosynthesis. How the functional diversification of enzymes contributes to the diversity is largely unknown. In the flavonoids pathway, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) is a key enzyme mediating dihydroflavanol into anthocyanins biosynthesis. Here, the DFR homolog was identified from Camellia nitidissima Chi. (CnDFR) which is a unique species of the genus Camellia with golden yellow petals. Sequence analysis showed that CnDFR possessed not only conserved catalytic domains, but also some amino acids peculiar to Camellia species. Gene expression analysis revealed that CnDFR was expressed in all tissues and the expression of CnDFR was positively correlated with polyphenols but negatively with yellow coloration. The subcellular localization of CnDFR by the tobacco infiltration assay showed a likely dual localization in the nucleus and cell membrane. Furthermore, overexpression transgenic lines were generated in tobacco to understand the molecular function of CnDFR. The analyses of metabolites suggested that ectopic expression of CnDFR enhanced the biosynthesis of polyphenols, while no accumulation of anthocyanins was detected. These results indicate a functional diversification of the reductase activities in Camellia plants and provide molecular insights into the regulation of floral color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (L.J.); (Z.F.); (R.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Zhengqi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (L.J.); (Z.F.); (R.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Ran Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (L.J.); (Z.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Xingwen Zhou
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China;
| | - Jiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (L.J.); (Z.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Hengfu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (L.J.); (Z.F.); (R.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
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Feyissa BA, Renaud J, Nasrollahi V, Kohalmi SE, Hannoufa A. Transcriptome-IPMS analysis reveals a tissue-dependent miR156/SPL13 regulatory mechanism in alfalfa drought tolerance. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:721. [PMID: 33076837 PMCID: PMC7574311 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported on the interplay between miR156/SPL13 and WD40–1/DFR to improve response to drought stress in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Here we aimed to investigate whether the role of miR156/SPL13 module in drought response is tissue-specific, and to identify SPL13-interacting proteins. We analyzed the global transcript profiles of leaf, stem, and root tissues of one-month old RNAi-silenced SPL13 (SPL13RNAi) alfalfa plants exposed to drought stress and conducted protein-protein interaction analysis to identify SPL13 interacting partners. Result Transcript analysis combined with weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed tissue and genotype-specific gene expression patterns. Moreover, pathway analysis of stem-derived differentially expressed genes (DEG) revealed upregulation of genes associated with stress mitigating primary and specialized metabolites, whereas genes associated with photosynthesis light reactions were silenced in SPL13RNAi plants. Leaf-derived DEG were attributed to enhanced light reactions, largely photosystem I, II, and electron transport chains, while roots of SPL13RNAi plants upregulated transcripts associated with metal ion transport, carbohydrate, and primary metabolism. Using immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry (IPMS) we showed that SPL13 interacts with proteins involved in photosynthesis, specialized metabolite biosynthesis, and stress tolerance. Conclusions We conclude that the miR156/SPL13 module mitigates drought stress in alfalfa by regulating molecular and physiological processes in a tissue-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biruk A Feyissa
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A3K7, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Justin Renaud
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Vida Nasrollahi
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A3K7, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Susanne E Kohalmi
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A3K7, Canada
| | - Abdelali Hannoufa
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A3K7, Canada. .,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3, Canada.
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Laimbeer FPE, Bargmann BOR, Holt SH, Pratt T, Peterson B, Doulis AG, Buell CR, Veilleux RE. Characterization of the F Locus Responsible for Floral Anthocyanin Production in Potato. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:3871-3879. [PMID: 32855168 PMCID: PMC7534420 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are pigmented secondary metabolites produced via the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and play important roles in plant stress responses, pollinator attraction, and consumer preference. Using RNA-sequencing analysis of a cross between diploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) lines segregating for flower color, we identified a homolog of the ANTHOCYANIN 2 (AN2) gene family that encodes a MYB transcription factor, herein termed StFlAN2, as the regulator of anthocyanin production in potato corollas. Transgenic introduction of StFlAN2 in white-flowered homozygous doubled-monoploid plants resulted in a recovery of purple flowers. RNA-sequencing revealed the specific anthocyanin biosynthetic genes activated by StFlAN2 as well as expression differences in genes within pathways involved in fruit ripening, senescence, and primary metabolism. Closer examination of the locus using genomic sequence analysis revealed a duplication in the StFlAN2 locus closely associated with gene expression that is likely attributable to nearby genetic elements. Taken together, this research provides insight into the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato while also highlighting how the dynamic nature of the StFlAN2 locus may affect expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Parker E Laimbeer
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA 24061
| | | | - Sarah H Holt
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA 24061
| | - Trenton Pratt
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA 24061
| | - Brenda Peterson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC 27599
| | - Andreas G Doulis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER (ex. NAGREF), Heraklion, Greece
| | - C Robin Buell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI 48824
| | - Richard E Veilleux
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA 24061
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Iorizzo M, Curaba J, Pottorff M, Ferruzzi MG, Simon P, Cavagnaro PF. Carrot Anthocyanins Genetics and Genomics: Status and Perspectives to Improve Its Application for the Food Colorant Industry. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E906. [PMID: 32784714 PMCID: PMC7465225 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple or black carrots (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef) are characterized by their dark purple- to black-colored roots, owing their appearance to high anthocyanin concentrations. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of black carrot anthocyanins as natural food dyes. Black carrot roots contain large quantities of mono-acylated anthocyanins, which impart a measure of heat-, light- and pH-stability, enhancing the color-stability of food products over their shelf-life. The genetic pathway controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis appears well conserved among land plants; however, different variants of anthocyanin-related genes between cultivars results in tissue-specific accumulations of purple pigments. Thus, broad genetic variations of anthocyanin profile, and tissue-specific distributions in carrot tissues and organs, can be observed, and the ratio of acylated to non-acylated anthocyanins varies significantly in the purple carrot germplasm. Additionally, anthocyanins synthesis can also be influenced by a wide range of external factors, such as abiotic stressors and/or chemical elicitors, directly affecting the anthocyanin yield and stability potential in food and beverage applications. In this study, we critically review and discuss the current knowledge on anthocyanin diversity, genetics and the molecular mechanisms controlling anthocyanin accumulation in carrots. We also provide a view of the current knowledge gaps and advancement needs as regards developing and applying innovative molecular tools to improve the yield, product performance and stability of carrot anthocyanin for use as a natural food colorant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Iorizzo
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.G.F.)
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Julien Curaba
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Marti Pottorff
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Mario G. Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Philipp Simon
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Vegetable Crops Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Pablo F. Cavagnaro
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), National Agricultural Technology Institute (INTA) E.E.A. La Consulta, Mendoza 5567, Argentina;
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza 5505, Argentina
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Ku YS, Ng MS, Cheng SS, Lo AWY, Xiao Z, Shin TS, Chung G, Lam HM. Understanding the Composition, Biosynthesis, Accumulation and Transport of Flavonoids in Crops for the Promotion of Crops as Healthy Sources of Flavonoids for Human Consumption. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061717. [PMID: 32521660 PMCID: PMC7352743 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of polyphenolic compounds that naturally occur in plants. Sub-groups of flavonoids include flavone, flavonol, flavanone, flavanonol, anthocyanidin, flavanol and isoflavone. The various modifications on flavonoid molecules further increase the diversity of flavonoids. Certain crops are famous for being enriched in specific flavonoids. For example, anthocyanins, which give rise to a purplish color, are the characteristic compounds in berries; flavanols are enriched in teas; and isoflavones are uniquely found in several legumes. It is widely accepted that the antioxidative properties of flavonoids are beneficial for human health. In this review, we summarize the classification of the different sub-groups of flavonoids based on their molecular structures. The health benefits of flavonoids are addressed from the perspective of their molecular structures. The flavonoid biosynthesis pathways are compared among different crops to highlight the mechanisms that lead to the differential accumulation of different sub-groups of flavonoids. In addition, the mechanisms and genes involved in the transport and accumulation of flavonoids in crops are discussed. We hope the understanding of flavonoid accumulation in crops will guide the proper balance in their consumption to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Shan Ku
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.-S.K.); (M.-S.N.); (S.-S.C.); (A.W.-Y.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Ming-Sin Ng
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.-S.K.); (M.-S.N.); (S.-S.C.); (A.W.-Y.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Sau-Shan Cheng
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.-S.K.); (M.-S.N.); (S.-S.C.); (A.W.-Y.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Annie Wing-Yi Lo
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.-S.K.); (M.-S.N.); (S.-S.C.); (A.W.-Y.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhixia Xiao
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.-S.K.); (M.-S.N.); (S.-S.C.); (A.W.-Y.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Tai-Sun Shin
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (H.-M.L.); Tel.: +82-61-659-7302 (G.C.); +852-3943-6336 (H.-M.L.)
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.-S.K.); (M.-S.N.); (S.-S.C.); (A.W.-Y.L.); (Z.X.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (H.-M.L.); Tel.: +82-61-659-7302 (G.C.); +852-3943-6336 (H.-M.L.)
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Chen X, Liu W, Huang X, Fu H, Wang Q, Wang Y, Cao J. Arg-type dihydroflavonol 4-reductase genes from the fern Dryopteris erythrosora play important roles in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232090. [PMID: 32357153 PMCID: PMC7194404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins, has been cloned from various species. However, little research has been conducted on this enzyme in ferns, which occupy a unique evolutionary position. In this study, we isolated two novel DFR genes from the fern Dryopteris erythrosora. In vitro enzymatic analysis revealed that DeDFR1 and DeDFR2 enzymes can catalyze dihydrokaempferol and dihydroquercetin but cannot catalyze dihydromyricetin. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that DeDFR1 and DeDFR2 have an arginine at the same substrate-specificity-determining site as that in the ferns Salvinia cucullata and Azolla filiculoides. Thus, we speculate that the Arg-type DFR is a new DFR functional type. To further verify the substrate preferences of the Arg-type DFR, an amino acid substitution assay was conducted. When N133 was mutated to R133, Arabidopsis DFR protein completely lost its catalytic activity for dihydromyricetin, as observed for DeDFR1 and DeDFR2. Additionally, heterologous expression of DeDFR2 in the Arabidopsis tt3-1 mutant resulted in increasing anthocyanin accumulation. In summary, DeDFR1 and DeDFR2 are considered to be a new type of DFR with unique structures and functions. The discovery of the Arg-type DFR provides new insights into the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in ferns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Chen
- College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Liu
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianyan Huang
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhuan Fu
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanxi Wang
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resource, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Youfang Wang
- College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Red Chinese Cabbage Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Structural Genes and Multiple Transcription Factors Regulating Reddish Purple Color. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082901. [PMID: 32326209 PMCID: PMC7215907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reddish purple Chinese cabbage (RPCC) is a popular variety of Brassica rapa (AA = 20). It is rich in anthocyanins, which have many health benefits. We detected novel anthocyanins including cyanidin 3-(feruloyl) diglucoside-5-(malonoyl) glucoside and pelargonidin 3-(caffeoyl) diglucoside-5-(malonoyl) glucoside in RPCC. Analyses of transcriptome data revealed 32,395 genes including 3345 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 3-week-old RPCC and green Chinese cabbage (GCC). The DEGs included 218 transcription factor (TF) genes and some functionally uncharacterized genes. Sixty DEGs identified from the transcriptome data were analyzed in 3-, 6- and 9-week old seedlings by RT-qPCR, and 35 of them had higher transcript levels in RPCC than in GCC. We detected cis-regulatory motifs of MYB, bHLH, WRKY, bZIP and AP2/ERF TFs in anthocyanin biosynthetic gene promoters. A network analysis revealed that MYB75, MYB90, and MYBL2 strongly interact with anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. Our results show that the late biosynthesis genes BrDFR, BrLDOX, BrUF3GT, BrUGT75c1-1, Br5MAT, BrAT-1,BrAT-2, BrTT19-1, and BrTT19-2 and the regulatory MYB genes BrMYB90, BrMYB75, and BrMYBL2-1 are highly expressed in RPCC, indicative of their important roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis, modification, and accumulation. Finally, we propose a model anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway that includes the unique anthocyanin pigments and genes specific to RPCC.
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Muhammad S, Tan J, Deng P, Li T, He H, Bian J, Wu L. Pesticide application has little influence on coding and non-coding gene expressions in rice. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:1009. [PMID: 31870289 PMCID: PMC6927115 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Agricultural insects are one of the major threats to crop yield. It is a known fact that pesticide application is an extensive approach to eliminate insect pests, and has severe adverse effects on environment and ecosystem; however, there is lack of knowledge whether it could influence the physiology and metabolic processes in plants. Results Here, we systemically analyzed the transcriptomic changes in rice after a spray of two commercial pesticides, Abamectin (ABM) and Thiamethoxam (TXM). We found only a limited number of genes (0.91%) and (1.24%) were altered by ABM and TXM respectively, indicating that these pesticides cannot dramatically affect the performance of rice. Nevertheless, we characterized 1140 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) interacting with 105 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that can be impacted by the two pesticides, suggesting their certain involvement in response to farm chemicals. Moreover, we detected 274 alternative splicing (AS) alterations accompanied by host genes expressions, elucidating a potential role of AS in control of gene transcription during insecticide spraying. Finally, we identified 488 transposons that were significantly changed with pesticides treatment, leading to a variation in adjacent coding or non-coding transcripts. Conclusion Altogether, our results provide valuable insights into pest management through appropriate timing and balanced mixture, these pesticides have no harmful effects on crop physiology over sustainable application of field drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Muhammad
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingai Tan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Pingchuan Deng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haohua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jianmin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Liang Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Kumari M, Thakur S, Kumar A, Joshi R, Kumar P, Shankar R, Kumar R. Regulation of color transition in purple tea (Camellia sinensis). PLANTA 2019; 251:35. [PMID: 31853722 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Comparative proteomics and metabolomics study of juvenile green, light purple and dark purple leaf to identify key proteins and metabolites that putatively govern color transition in Camellia sinensis. Color transition from juvenile green to dark purple leaf in Camellia sinensis is a complex process and thought to be regulated by an intricate balance of genes, proteins and metabolites expression. A molecular-level understanding of proteins and metabolites expression is needed to define metabolic process underpinning color transition in C. sinensis. Here, purple leaf growth of C. sinensis cultivar was divided into three developmental stages viz. juvenile green (JG), light purple (LP) and dark purple (DP) leaf. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed a clear morphological variation such as cell size, shape and texture as tea leaf undergoing color transition. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses displayed the temporal changes in proteins and metabolites that occur in color transition process. In total, 211 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified presumably involved in secondary metabolic processes particularly, flavonoids/anthocyanin biosynthesis, phytohormone regulation, carbon and nitrogen assimilation and photosynthesis, among others. Subcellular localization of three candidate proteins was further evaluated by their transient expression in planta. Interactome study revealed that proteins involved in primary metabolism, precursor metabolite, photosynthesis, phytohormones, transcription factor and anthocyanin biosynthesis were found to be interact directly or indirectly and thus, regulate color transition from JG to DP leaf. The present study not only corroborated earlier findings but also identified novel proteins and metabolites that putatively govern color transition in C. sinensis. These findings provide a platform for future studies that may be utilized for metabolic engineering/molecular breeding in an effort to develop more desirable traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manglesh Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India
| | - Prakash Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India.
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Xu ZS, Yang QQ, Feng K, Xiong AS. Changing Carrot Color: Insertions in DcMYB7 Alter the Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Modification. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:195-207. [PMID: 31213511 PMCID: PMC6716245 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The original domesticated carrots (Daucus carota) are thought to have been purple, accumulating large quantities of anthocyanins in their roots. A quantitative trait locus associated with anthocyanin pigmentation in purple carrot roots has been identified on chromosome 3 and includes two candidate genes, DcMYB6 and DcMYB7 Here, we characterized the functions of DcMYB6 and DcMYB7 in carrots. Overexpression of DcMYB7, but not DcMYB6, in the orange carrot 'Kurodagosun' led to anthocyanin accumulation in roots. Knockout of DcMYB7 in the solid purple (purple periderm, phloem, and xylem) carrot 'Deep Purple' using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 system resulted in carrots with yellow roots. DcMYB7 could activate the expression of its DcbHLH3 partner, a homolog of the anthocyanin-related apple (Malus × domestica) bHLH3, and structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. We determined that the promoter sequence of DcMYB7 in nonpurple carrots was interrupted either by DcMYB8, a nonfunctional tandem duplication of DcMYB7, or by two transposons, leading to the transcriptional inactivation of DcMYB7 in nonpurple carrot roots. As a result, nonpurple carrots fail to accumulate anthocyanins in their roots. Our study supports the hypothesis that another genetic factor suppresses DcMYB7 expression in the phloem and xylem of purple peridermal carrot root tissues. DcMYB7 also regulated the glycosylation and acylation of anthocyanins by directly activating DcUCGXT1 and DcSAT1 We reveal the genetic factors conditioning anthocyanin pigmentation in purple versus nonpurple carrot roots. Our results also provide insights into the mechanisms underlying anthocyanin glycosylation and acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qing-Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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He Y, Chen H, Zhou L, Liu Y, Chen H. Comparative transcription analysis of photosensitive and non-photosensitive eggplants to identify genes involved in dark regulated anthocyanin synthesis. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:678. [PMID: 31455222 PMCID: PMC6712802 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light is a key environmental factor in regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Through a large number of bagging screenings, we obtained non-photosensitive eggplants that still have decent amount of anthocyanin synthesized after bagging. In the present study, transcriptome was made to explore the molecular mechanism of dark-regulated anthocyanin synthesis in non-photosensitive eggplant. RESULTS The transcriptome of the pericarp at 0 h, 0.5 h, 4 h, and 8 h after bag removal were sequenced and analyzed. Comparison of the sequencing data with those of photosensitive eggplant for the same time period showed that anthocyanin synthesis genes had different expression trends. Based on the expression trends of the structural genes, it was discovered that 22 transcription factors and 4 light signal transduction elements may be involved in the anthocyanin synthesis in two types of eggplants. Through transcription factor target gene prediction and yeast one-hybrid assay, SmBIM1, SmAP2, SmHD, SmMYB94, SmMYB19, SmTT8, SmYABBY, SmTTG2, and SmMYC2 were identified to be directly or indirectly bound to the promoter of the structural gene SmCHS. These results indicate that the identified 9 genes participated in the anthocyanin synthesis in eggplant peel and formed a network of interactions among themselves. CONCLUSIONS Based on the comparative transcription, the identified 22 transcription factors and 4 light signal transduction elements may act as the key factors in dark regulated anthocyanin synthesis in non-photosensitive eggplant. The results provided a step stone for further analysis of the molecular mechanism of dark-regulated anthocyanin synthesis in non-photosensitive eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Hang Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Huoying Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
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Yao P, Deng R, Huang Y, Stael S, Shi J, Shi G, Lv B, Li Q, Dong Q, Wu Q, Li C, Chen H, Zhao H. Diverse biological effects of glycosyltransferase genes from Tartary buckwheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:339. [PMID: 31382883 PMCID: PMC6683379 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is an edible cereal crop whose sprouts have been marketed and commercialized for their higher levels of anti-oxidants, including rutin and anthocyanin. UDP-glucose flavonoid glycosyltransferases (UFGTs) play an important role in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in plants. So far, few studies are available on UFGT genes that may play a role in tartary buckwheat flavonoids biosynthesis. Here, we report on the identification and functional characterization of seven UFGTs from tartary buckwheat that are potentially involved in flavonoid biosynthesis (and have varying effects on plant growth and development when overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana.) RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the potential function of the seven FtUFGT proteins, FtUFGT6, FtUFGT7, FtUFGT8, FtUFGT9, FtUFGT15, FtUFGT40, and FtUFGT41, could be divided into three Arabidopsis thaliana functional subgroups that are involved in flavonoid biosynthesis of and anthocyanin accumulation. A significant positive correlation between FtUFGT8 and FtUFGT15 expression and anthocyanin accumulation capacity was observed in the tartary buckwheat seedlings after cold stress. Overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana showed that FtUFGT8, FtUFGT15, and FtUFGT41 significantly increased the anthocyanin content in transgenic plants. Unexpectedly, overexpression of FtUFGT6, while not leading to enhanced anthocyanin accumulation, significantly enhanced the growth yield of transgenic plants. When wild-type plants have only cotyledons, most of the transgenic plants of FtUFGT6 had grown true leaves. Moreover, the growth speed of the oxFtUFGT6 transgenic plant root was also significantly faster than that of the wild type. At later growth, FtUFGT6 transgenic plants showed larger leaves, earlier twitching times and more tillers than wild type, whereas FtUFGT15 showed opposite results. CONCLUSIONS Seven FtUFGTs were isolated from tartary buckwheat. FtUFGT8, FtUFGT15, and FtUFGT41 can significantly increase the accumulation of total anthocyanins in transgenic plants. Furthermore, overexpression of FtUFGT6 increased the overall yield of Arabidopsis transgenic plants at all growth stages. However, FtUFGT15 shows the opposite trend at later growth stage and delays the growth speed of plants. These results suggested that the biological function of FtUFGT genes in tartary buckwheat is diverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Yao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Renyu Deng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunji Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Simon Stael
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanlan Shi
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Lv
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qixin Dong
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
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Vieira P, Mowery J, Eisenback JD, Shao J, Nemchinov LG. Cellular and Transcriptional Responses of Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Alfalfa to the Root Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:971. [PMID: 31417588 PMCID: PMC6685140 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The root lesion nematode (RLN), Pratylenchus penetrans, is a migratory species that attacks a broad range of crops, including alfalfa. High levels of infection can reduce alfalfa forage yields and lead to decreased cold tolerance. Currently, there are no commercially certified varieties with RLN resistance. Little information on molecular interactions between alfalfa and P. penetrans, that would shed light on mechanisms of alfalfa resistance to RLN, is available. To advance our understanding of the host-pathogen interactions and to gain biological insights into the genetics and genomics of host resistance to RLN, we performed a comprehensive assessment of resistant and susceptible interactions of alfalfa with P. penetrans that included root penetration studies, ultrastructural observations, and global gene expression profiling of host plants and the nematode. Several gene-candidates associated with alfalfa resistance to P. penetrans and nematode parasitism genes encoding nematode effector proteins were identified for potential use in alfalfa breeding programs or development of new nematicides. We propose that preformed or constitutive defenses, such as significant accumulation of tannin-like deposits in root cells of the resistant cultivar, could be a key to nematode resistance, at least for the specific case of alfalfa-P. penetrans interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Vieira
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
- School of Plant and Environmental Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Joseph Mowery
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Eisenback
- School of Plant and Environmental Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jonathan Shao
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Lev G. Nemchinov
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
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Jiang J, Zhu S, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Zeng L, Batley J, Wang YP. Transcriptomic comparison between developing seeds of yellow- and black-seeded Brassica napus reveals that genes influence seed quality. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:203. [PMID: 31096923 PMCID: PMC6524335 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica napus is of substantial economic value for vegetable oil, biofuel, and animal fodder production. The breeding of yellow-seeded B. napus to improve seed quality with higher oil content, improved oil and meal quality with fewer antinutrients merits attention. Screening the genes related to this phenotype is valuable for future rapeseed breeding. RESULTS A total of 85,407 genes, including 4317 novel genes, were identified in the developing seeds of yellow- and black-seeded B. napus, and yellow rapeseed was shown to be an introgression line between black-seeded B. napus and yellow-seeded Sinapis alba. A total of 15,251 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among all the libraries, and 563 and 397 common DEGs were identified throughout black and yellow seed development, including 80 upregulated and 151 downregulated genes related to seed development and fatty acid accumulation. In addition, 11 up-DEGs and 31 down-DEGs were identified in all developmental stages of yellow rapeseed compared with black seed. Enrichment analysis revealed that many DEGs were involved in biosynthetic processes, pigment metabolism, and oxidation-reduction processes, such as flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism. We found that more than 77 DEGs were related to flavonoid and lignin biosynthesis, including 4CL, C4H, and PAL, which participated in phenylalanine metabolism, and BAN, CHI/TT5, DFR, F3H, FLS, LDOX, PAP, CHS/TT4, TT5, bHLH/TT8, WD40, MYB, TCP, and CYP, which were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. Most of these DEGs were downregulated in yellow rapeseed and were consistent with the decreased flavonoid and lignin contents. Both up- and down-DEGs related to fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism were also analyzed, which could help to explain the improved oil content of yellow rapeseed. CONCLUSION This research provided comprehensive transcriptome data for yellow-seeded B. napus with a unique genetic background, and all the DEGs in comparison with the black-seeded counterpart could help to explain seed quality differences, such as lower pigmentation and lignin contents, and higher oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Yue Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - You-Ping Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
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