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Mao X, Shi M, Zhang B, Fu R, Cai M, Yu S, Lin K, Zhang C, Li D, Chen G, Luo W. Integration of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing revealed immune heterogeneity and its association with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Immunol Res 2024:10.1007/s12026-024-09513-5. [PMID: 39009881 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by cartilage, bone damage, synovial inflammation, hyperplasia, autoantibody production, and systemic features. To obtain an overall profile of the immune environment in RA patients and its association with clinical features, we performed single-cell transcriptome and T-cell receptor sequencing of mononuclear cells from peripheral blood (PBMC) and synovial fluid (SF) from RA patients, integrated with two large cohorts with bulk RNA sequencing for further validation and investigation. Dendritic cells (DCs) exhibited relatively high functional heterogeneity and tissue specificity in relation to both antigen presentation and proinflammatory functions. Peripheral helper T cells (TPHs) are likely to originate from synovial tissue, undergo activation and exhaustion, and are subsequently released into the peripheral blood. Notably, among all immune cell types, TPHs were found to have the most intense associations with disease activity. In addition, CD8 effector T cells could be clustered into two groups with different cytokine expressions and play distinct roles in RA development. By integrating single-cell data with bulk sequencing from two large cohorts, we identified interactions among TPHs, CD8 cells, CD16 monocytes, and DCs that strongly contribute to the proinflammatory local environment in RA joints. Of note, the swollen 28-joint counts exhibited a more pronounced association with this immune environment compared to other disease activity indexes. The immune environment alternated significantly from PBMCs to SF, which indicated that a series of immune cells was involved in proinflammatory responses in the local joints of RA patients. By integrating single-cell data with two large cohorts, we have uncovered associations between specific immune cell populations and clinical features. This integration provides a rapid and precise methodology for assessing local immune activation, offering valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms at play in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Mao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Maohua Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Beiying Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Rongdang Fu
- Department of Hepatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Mengyun Cai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Sifei Yu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Kairong Lin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Chuling Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Dingru Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.
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2
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Smit V, de Mol J, Kleijn MNAB, Depuydt MAC, de Winther MPJ, Bot I, Kuiper J, Foks AC. Sexual dimorphism in atherosclerotic plaques of aged Ldlr -/- mice. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:27. [PMID: 38698438 PMCID: PMC11064395 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis, the main underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease, is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid accumulation and immune cell responses in the vascular wall, resulting in plaque formation. It is well-known that atherosclerosis prevalence and manifestation vary by sex. However, sexual dimorphism in the immune landscape of atherosclerotic plaques has up to date not been studied at high-resolution. In this study, we investigated sex-specific differences in atherosclerosis development and the immunological landscape of aortas at single-cell level in aged Ldlr-/- mice. METHODS We compared plaque morphology between aged male and female chow diet-fed Ldlr-/- mice (22 months old) with histological analysis. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry on CD45+ immune cells from aortas of aged Ldlr-/- mice, we explored the immune landscape in the atherosclerotic environment in males and females. RESULTS We show that plaque volume is comparable in aged male and female mice, and that plaques in aged female mice contain more collagen and cholesterol crystals, but less necrotic core and macrophage content compared to males. We reveal increased immune cell infiltration in female aortas and found that expression of pro-atherogenic markers and inflammatory signaling pathways was enriched in plaque immune cells of female mice. Particularly, female aortas show enhanced activation of B cells (Egr1, Cd83, Cd180), including age-associated B cells, in addition to an increased M1/M2 macrophage ratio, where Il1b+ M1-like macrophages display a more pro-inflammatory phenotype (Nlrp3, Cxcl2, Mmp9) compared to males. In contrast, increased numbers of age-associated Gzmk+CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and Trem2+ macrophages were observed in male aortas. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our findings highlight that sex is a variable that contributes to immunological differences in the atherosclerotic plaque environment in mice and provide valuable insights for further preclinical studies into the impact of sex on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Smit
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jill de Mol
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mireia N A Bernabé Kleijn
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie A C Depuydt
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C Foks
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Noel S, Newman-Rivera A, Lee K, Gharaie S, Patel S, Singla N, Rabb H. Kidney double positive T cells have distinct characteristics in normal and diseased kidneys. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4469. [PMID: 38396136 PMCID: PMC10891070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54956-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple types of T cells have been described and assigned pathophysiologic functions in the kidneys. However, the existence and functions of TCR+CD4+CD8+ (double positive; DP) T cells are understudied in normal and diseased murine and human kidneys. We studied kidney DPT cells in mice at baseline and after ischemia reperfusion (IR) and cisplatin injury. Additionally, effects of viral infection and gut microbiota were studied. Human kidneys from patients with renal cell carcinoma were evaluated. Our results demonstrate that DPT cells expressing CD4 and CD8 co-receptors constitute a minor T cell population in mouse kidneys. DPT cells had significant Ki67 and PD1 expression, effector/central memory phenotype, proinflammatory cytokine (IFNγ, TNFα and IL-17) and metabolic marker (GLUT1, HKII, CPT1a and pS6) expression at baseline. IR, cisplatin and viral infection elevated DPT cell proportions, and induced distinct functional and metabolic changes. scRNA-seq analysis showed increased expression of Klf2 and Ccr7 and enrichment of TNFα and oxidative phosphorylation related genes in DPT cells. DPT cells constituted a minor population in both normal and cancer portion of human kidneys. In conclusion, DPT cells constitute a small population of mouse and human kidney T cells with distinct inflammatory and metabolic profile at baseline and following kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Noel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross 970, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Andrea Newman-Rivera
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross 970, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kyungho Lee
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross 970, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sepideh Gharaie
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross 970, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shishir Patel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross 970, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nirmish Singla
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross 970, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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4
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Urakawa M, Baakhtari M, Ramah A, Imatake S, Ahmadi P, Deguchi Y, Uematsu M, Nakama Y, Imabeppu K, Nomura Y, Yasuda M. Comparative Analysis of Maternal Colostrum and Colostrum Replacer Effects on Immunity, Growth, and Health of Japanese Black Calves. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:346. [PMID: 38275805 PMCID: PMC10812718 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal colostrum (MC) is an important source of nutrients and immune factors for newborn calves. However, when colostrum is unavailable or of poor quality, a colostrum replacer (CR) may be a suitable alternative to MC. As stock-raising farmers must make informed decisions about colostrum feeding management, this study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding MC versus CR on the promotion of immunological status, growth, and health in pre-weaned Japanese black (JB) calves. Sixteen newborn JB calves were fed MC after birth, and 16 JB calves were fed CR. For the MC group, the numbers of γδ T cells, CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, CD4+CD8+ cells, B cells, and MHC class II+ cells were significantly higher compared with the CR group. Furthermore, the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β-, IL-2-, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-encoding mRNAs were significantly higher in the MC group compared with the CR group. A lower incidence of disease in 1-month-old calves and higher carcass weight in the MC group were observed compared with the CR group. These results suggest that CR activates the immune system delayed in calves compared with MC. MC increases populations of various immunocompetent cells, which can reduce infection rates and improve body weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marimu Urakawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (M.B.)
| | - Mahmoud Baakhtari
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (M.B.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Balkh University, Mazar-i-Sharif 1703, Afghanistan
| | - Amany Ramah
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (M.B.)
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Shoichiro Imatake
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (M.B.)
| | - Parnian Ahmadi
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Balkh University, Mazar-i-Sharif 1703, Afghanistan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Deguchi
- Miyazaki Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Miyazaki 880-0877, Japan
| | - Mizuho Uematsu
- Miyazaki Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Miyazaki 880-0877, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakama
- Miyazaki Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Miyazaki 880-0877, Japan
| | - Kazunari Imabeppu
- Miyazaki Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Miyazaki 880-0877, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nomura
- Miyazaki Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Miyazaki 880-0877, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (M.B.)
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Maher AK, Aristodemou A, Giang N, Tanaka Y, Bangham CR, Taylor GP, Dominguez-Villar M. HTLV-1 induces an inflammatory CD4+CD8+ T cell population in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e173738. [PMID: 38193535 PMCID: PMC10906466 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus with preferential CD4+ T cell tropism that causes a range of conditions spanning from asymptomatic infection to adult T cell leukemia and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM), an inflammatory disease of the CNS. The mechanisms by which HTLV-1 induces HAM are poorly understood. By directly examining the ex vivo phenotype and function of T cells from asymptomatic carriers and patients with HAM, we show that patients with HAM have a higher frequency of CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells, which are infected with HTLV-1 at higher rates than CD4+ T cells. Displaying both helper and cytotoxic phenotypes, these DP T cells are highly proinflammatory and contain high frequencies of HTLV-1-specific cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that DP T cells arise by direct HTLV-1 infection of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. High levels of CD49d and CXCR3 expression suggest that DP T cells possess the ability to migrate to the CNS, and when cocultured with astrocytes, DP T cells induce proinflammatory astrocytes that express high levels of CXCL10, IFN-γ, and IL-6. These results demonstrate the potential of DP T cells to directly contribute to CNS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K. Maher
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aris Aristodemou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Giang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuetsu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Hematoimmunology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Charles R.M. Bangham
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham P. Taylor
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Hagen M, Pangrazzi L, Rocamora-Reverte L, Weinberger B. Legend or Truth: Mature CD4 +CD8 + Double-Positive T Cells in the Periphery in Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2702. [PMID: 37893076 PMCID: PMC10603952 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of CD4 and CD8 co-receptors defines two distinct T cell populations with specialized functions. While CD4+ T cells support and modulate immune responses through different T-helper (Th) and regulatory subtypes, CD8+ T cells eliminate cells that might threaten the organism, for example, virus-infected or tumor cells. However, a paradoxical population of CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells challenging this paradigm has been found in the peripheral blood. This subset has been observed in healthy as well as pathological conditions, suggesting unique and well-defined functions. Furthermore, DP T cells express activation markers and exhibit memory-like features, displaying an effector memory (EM) and central memory (CM) phenotype. A subset expressing high CD4 (CD4bright+) and intermediate CD8 (CD8dim+) levels and a population of CD8bright+CD4dim+ T cells have been identified within DP T cells, suggesting that this small subpopulation may be heterogeneous. This review summarizes the current literature on DP T cells in humans in health and diseases. In addition, we point out that strategies to better characterize this minor T cell subset's role in regulating immune responses are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Hagen
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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7
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Zhao HD, Sun JJ, Yu TB, Liu HL. Predictive value of CD4 +CD8 + double positive T cells for the severity of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Clin Biochem 2023; 120:110643. [PMID: 37652222 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES We aimed to investigate the levels of CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) T cells in patients with various severities of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), and the predictive capacity of DP T cells for the severity of this disorder. METHODS The levels of DP T cells in 213 patients and 48 healthy donors were measured by flow cytometry, as were the levels of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. In each type of HFRS patient, we tested the basic clinical reference values for leukocytes, platelets, creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), and urea, and the values for activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and fibrinogen, using conventional methods. The colloidal gold method was used to measure HFRS antibody levels in the patients. RESULTS The frequency of DP T cells increased with disease severity and peaked in patients with critical disease. Furthermore, the level of DP T cells proportionally correlated with the levels of Cr, UA, and urea in the serum. In contrast, there was an inverse correlation between DP T cells and platelets. Interestingly, the pattern of change in DP T cell frequency was similar to those of CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells, but an inverse tendency was observed for CD4+ T cells. DP T cells demonstrated significant predictive value for the severity of HFRS. CONCLUSIONS The level of DP T cells is associated with HFRS severity, suggesting that it may be a potent indicator for the course of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Dong Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Virology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Infectious Diseases, The Eighth Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ju-Jun Sun
- Clinical Laboratory Center, XD Group Hospital, Xi'an 710077, China
| | - Tong-Bo Yu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Infectious Diseases, The Eighth Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Li Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital) Guang-Ren Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China.
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8
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Rose DC, Rolig AS, Redmond WL. Characterization of murine lymphocyte activation and exhaustion markers by a 14-color flow cytometry panel. Bioanalysis 2023. [PMID: 37125902 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously designed flow cytometry panels have provided a framework to analyze T-cell activation; however, few provide an extensive view of lymphocyte populations, and none are optimized for murine models. This article describes a panel designed specifically to assess the expression of activation and exhaustion markers in expanding lymphocyte populations in tumor-bearing mice across two distinct genetic backgrounds: BALB/c and C57BL/6. This comprehensive panel enables the assessment of multiple functional states and immune checkpoint markers across cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, helper and regulatory CD4+ T cells and NK cells in murine whole blood, lymph nodes and tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Rose
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97213, USA
- ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Annah S Rolig
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97213, USA
| | - William L Redmond
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97213, USA
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9
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Hess NJ, Turicek DP, Riendeau J, McIlwain SJ, Contreras Guzman E, Nadiminti K, Hudson A, Callander NS, Skala MC, Gumperz JE, Hematti P, Capitini CM. Inflammatory CD4/CD8 double-positive human T cells arise from reactive CD8 T cells and are sufficient to mediate GVHD pathology. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf0567. [PMID: 36961891 PMCID: PMC10038349 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An important paradigm in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantations (allo-HCTs) is the prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) while preserving the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity of donor T cells. From an observational clinical study of adult allo-HCT recipients, we identified a CD4+/CD8+ double-positive T cell (DPT) population, not present in starting grafts, whose presence was predictive of ≥ grade 2 GVHD. Using an established xenogeneic transplant model, we reveal that the DPT population develops from antigen-stimulated CD8 T cells, which become transcriptionally, metabolically, and phenotypically distinct from single-positive CD4 and CD8 T cells. Isolated DPTs were sufficient to mediate xeno-GVHD pathology when retransplanted into naïve mice but provided no survival benefit when mice were challenged with a human B-ALL cell line. Overall, this study reveals human DPTs as a T cell population directly involved with GVHD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Hess
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David P. Turicek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeremiah Riendeau
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean J. McIlwain
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emmanuel Contreras Guzman
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kalyan Nadiminti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy Hudson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Natalie S. Callander
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jenny E. Gumperz
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christian M. Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
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10
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Wattrang E, Lundén A, Ibrahim O, Dalgaard TS. Phenotypic characterization of Eimeria tenella-specific chicken T-cells responding to in vitro parasite antigen re-stimulation. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 36748566 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Coccidiosis, caused by protozoan parasites of genus Eimeria, is a disease with large impact on poultry production worldwide. It is well known that Eimeria immunity is dependent on Th1-type responses.Gap Statement. In vitro assessment of Eimeria-specific T-cell activity would therefore be a valuable research tool but has so far proven difficult to establish.Aim. The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro induced blast transformation and CD25 expression in defined chicken T-cell populations as a measure of Eimeria immunity.Methodology. Three E. tenella infection experiments were performed and PBMC and/or spleen cells were collected between 6 and 16 days after infection of chickens. Cells were stimulated in vitro with E. tenella antigens and T-cell activation was assessed by immunofluorescence labelling and flow cytometry.Results. The results consistently showed statistically significant E. tenella specific activation of TCRα/β+T cells within a 'window' from 8 to 14 days after infection for both spleen cells and PBMC. Responding T-cells were identified as CD4+CD8-, CD4+CD8αα+ and CD4-CD8αβ+ where the CD4+CD8αα+ cells generally showed the highest responses. All three of these TCRα/βT-cell subsets showed significant E. tenella induced blast transformation and/or CD25 expression albeit not always in concert on the same days after infection indicating complex kinetics of T-cell responses. In general, responses were higher for spleen cells compared to PBMC for all responding T-cell populations.Conclusions. This methodology shows promise to study Eimeria-specific T-cells, e.g. to evaluate vaccine responses. Results indicated that a Th1-type response was induced and suggested a role for CD4+CD8αα+ cells in Eimeria immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Wattrang
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Lundén
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Osama Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Alivernini S, Firestein GS, McInnes IB. The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunity 2022; 55:2255-2270. [PMID: 36516818 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significant recent progress in understanding rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis has led to improved treatment and quality of life. The introduction of targeted-biologic and -synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) has also transformed clinical outcomes. Despite this, RA remains a life-long disease without a cure. Unmet needs include partial response and non-response to treatment in many patients, failure to achieve immune homeostasis or drug free remission, and inability to repair damaged tissues. RA is now recognized as the end of a multi-year prodromal phase in which systemic immune dysregulation, likely beginning in mucosal surfaces, is followed by a symptomatic clinical phase. Inflammation and immune reactivity are primarily localized to the synovium leading to pain and articular damage, but is also associated with a broader series of comorbidities. Here, we review recently described immunologic mechanisms that drive breach of tolerance, chronic synovitis, and remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Alivernini
- Immunology Research Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Rheumatology - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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12
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Ma Y, Tang K, Zhang C, Wang M, Zhang X, Xue M, Jia X, Hu H, Li N, Zhuang R, Jin B, Chen L, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Increased CD4 +CD8 + Double Positive T Cells during Hantaan Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:2243. [PMID: 36298798 PMCID: PMC9611689 DOI: 10.3390/v14102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaan virus (HTNV) infection causes an epidemic of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) mainly in Asia. It is well known that T cells mediated anti-viral immune response. Although previous studies showed that double positive T (DP T) cells, a little portion of T lymphocytes, were involved in adaptive immune response during virus infection, their kinetic changes and roles in HTNV infection have not yet been explored. In this study, we characterized DP T cells from HFRS patients based on flow cytometry data combined with scRNA-seq data. We showed that HTNV infection caused the upregulation of DP T cells in the peripheral blood, which were correlated with disease stage. The scRNA-seq data clustered DP T cells, unraveled their gene expression profile, and estimated the ordering of these cells. The production of granzyme B and CD107a from DP T cells and the abundant TCR distribution indicated the anti-viral property of DP T cells. In conclusion, this study identified, for the first time, an accumulation of DP T cells in the peripheral blood of HFRS patients and suggested these DP T cells belonging to CD8+T cells lineage. The DP T cells shared the similar characteristics with cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and exerted an anti-viral role in HFRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Kang Tang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Manling Xue
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | | | - Haifeng Hu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yusi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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13
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Choi SM, Park HJ, Choi EA, Jung KC, Lee JI. Heterogeneity of circulating CD4 +CD8 + double-positive T cells characterized by scRNA-seq analysis and trajectory inference. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14111. [PMID: 35982155 PMCID: PMC9388645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequency of CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells is highly associated with a variety of diseases. Recently, we used high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing to show that circulating DP T cells in cynomolgus monkeys comprise nine heterogeneous populations. To better understand the characteristics of DP T cells, we analyzed 7601 cells from a rhesus monkey and detected 14,459 genes. Rhesus monkey DP T cells comprised heterogeneous populations (naïve, Treg-, Tfh-, CCR9+ Th-, Th17-, Th2-, Eomes+ Tr1-, CTL-, PLZF+ innate- and Eomes+ innate-like cells) with multiple potential functions. We also identified two new subsets using aggregated scRNA-seq datasets from the rhesus and the cynomolgus monkey: CCR9+ Th-like cells expressing ICAM2 and ITGA1, and PLZF+ innate-like cells that display innate-associated gene signatures such as ZBTB16, TYROBP, MAP3K8, and KLRB1. Trajectory inference of cell differentiation status showed that most DP T cells in the rhesus monkey were found in the mid-to-late pseudotime, whereas DP T cells from the cynomolgus monkey were found in early pseudotime. This suggests that DP T cells in rhesus monkeys may exhibit more diverse differentiation states than those in cynomolgus monkeys. Thus, scRNA-seq and trajectory inference identified a more diverse subset of the circulating DP T cells than originally thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Choi
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi Jung Park
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun A Choi
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Lee
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Popovic A, Deljanin M, Popovic S, Todorovic D, Djurdjevic P, Matic S, Stankovic M, Avramovic D, Baskic D. Chelidonium majus crude extract induces activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and enhances their cytotoxic effect toward HeLa cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1554-1566. [PMID: 33706629 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1897534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the immunomodulatory effect of crude Chelidonium majus L ethanolic extract on ex vivo harvested peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs). PBMNCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. The PBMNC cytotoxicity assay was performed with HeLa tumor cells as target cells. MTT assay was used to estimate the proliferation effect of extract and cytotoxic efficiency of treated PBMNCs. Flow cytometric analysis was used for immunophenotyping. Treatment induced moderate proliferative response, perturbation in PBMNC ratios, and the emergence of some unconventional subpopulations. The percentage ratio of double positive CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and monocytes, ratio of T and B lymphocytes expressing CD14, and percentage of NK cells expressing CD57 increased after treatment, indicating activation of PBMNC subpopulations. Cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells was enhanced. Activation of PBMNCs and enhancement of their cytotoxic effect toward HeLa cells indicate the immunostimulatory effect of Ch. majus ethanolic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Popovic
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Suzana Popovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Todorovic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Predrag Djurdjevic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sanja Matic
- Doctoral Academic Studies, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan Stankovic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Dejan Baskic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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15
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Anti-RANKL Inhibits Thymic Function and Causes DRONJ in Mice. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:9299602. [PMID: 35464103 PMCID: PMC9033356 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9299602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), is a novel bone antiresorptive agent used in patients with osteoporosis or metastatic bone cancer. Denosumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (DRONJ) has been recently reported in patients using denosumab. However, the mechanisms of DRONJ are not fully understood. Appropriate pathogenic mechanisms of DRONJ have yet to be established. Therefore, we investigated the pathogenesis of DRONJ in mice. Methods Anti-mouse RANKL monoclonal antibody and melphalan were performed to create a mouse model of DRONJ-like lesions in female C57BL/6J mice. We examined the development of DRONJ-like lesions and immune function. Results We showed that administration of anti-mouse RANKL monoclonal antibody and melphalan caused DRONJ-like lesions that recapitulated major clinical manifestations of the human disease, including the characteristic features of an open alveolar socket and exposed necrotic bone. In the analysis using a mouse model of DRONJ-like lesion, it was revealed that anti-mouse RANKL monoclonal antibody and melphalan suppress autoimmune regulator (AIRE) expression in the thymus and imbalanced T cell populations. Conclusion This study suggests evidence of an immunity-based mechanism of DRONJ-like disease. This work may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of human DRONJ.
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16
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Muire PJ, Avila JJ, Lofgren AL, Wenke JC. Neutralization of HMGB1 improves fracture healing and γδ T lymphocyte counts at the fracture site in a polytrauma rat model. J Exp Orthop 2022; 9:21. [PMID: 35229226 PMCID: PMC8885932 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-022-00453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Delayed fracture healing is a common consequence of polytrauma (PT) occurring in patients with multiple injuries. We believe that when early release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) molecules from necrotic tissues exceed their normal levels in blood, they dysregulate immune responses associated with normal healing. This study investigates the detrimental effect of such dysregulate immune responses by targeting HMGB1 in a PT rat model with debilitating injuries. We hypothesized that neutralization of extracellular HMGB1 immediately post-trauma would ameliorate local immune dysregulation and improve fracture healing in a PT rat model. Methods PT rats received a single dose of either anti-rat HMGB1 polyclonal antibody (PT-Ab HMGB1) or IgY isotype (PT-IgY), were left untreated (PT-C), or had a single injury/osteotomy only (OST). Fracture healing was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT) and histology at 5 weeks; and macrophages and T cell counts within the fracture site were determined with flow cytometry at 1 week. Results Notably, bone regeneration within the fracture site in PT-Ab HMGB1 rats was improved with comparable connective tissue organization than PT-C rats. Further, only γδTCR+ T cells, but not macrophages and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, were diminished at the fracture site in PT-C and PT-IgY rats. Interestingly, the PT-Ab HMGB1 rats had increased γδTCR+ T cells compared to PT-C and PT-IgY, suggesting their potential role in regulating fracture healing. Conclusions Therefore, the initial burst of systemic HMGB1 following trauma may have a role in regulating bone regeneration via the modulation of a subclass of T cells within the fracture site, suggesting it’s importance as a therapeutic target in PT to combat immune dysregulation and delayed fracture healing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40634-022-00453-3.
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17
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Cramer A, Galvão I, Venturini de Sá N, Gaio P, Fernanda de Melo Oliveira N, Rates Gonzaga Santos M, Henrique Campolina-Silva G, Vinicius Santos Valiate B, Rezende Souza F, Dantas Cassali G, Martins Teixeira M, Almeida Amaral F, Simão Machado F. Role of Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 during the development and resolution of an experimental arthritis. Cell Immunol 2022; 372:104476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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18
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Floudas A, Neto N, Orr C, Canavan M, Gallagher P, Hurson C, Monaghan MG, Nagpar S, Mullan RH, Veale DJ, Fearon U. Loss of balance between protective and pro-inflammatory synovial tissue T-cell polyfunctionality predates clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:193-205. [PMID: 34598926 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates pathogenic and protective polyfunctional T-cell responses in patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), individuals at risk (IAR) and healthy control (HC) synovial-tissue biopsies and identifies the presence of a novel population of pathogenic polyfunctional T-cells that are enriched in the RA joint prior to the development of clinical inflammation. METHODS Pathway enrichment analysis of previously obtained RNAseq data of synovial biopsies from RA (n=118), IAR (n=20) and HC (n=44) was performed. Single-cell synovial tissue suspensions from RA (n=10), IAR (n=7) and HC (n=7) and paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated in vitro and polyfunctional synovial T-cell subsets examined by flow cytometric analysis, simplified presentation of incredibly complex evaluations (SPICE) and FlowSom clustering. Flow-imaging was utilised to confirm specific T-cell cluster identification. Fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) was used to visualise metabolic status of sorted T-cell populations. RESULTS Increased plasticity of Tfh cells and CD4 T-cell polyfunctionality with enriched memory Treg cell responses was demonstrated in RA patient synovial tissue. Synovial-tissue RNAseq analysis reveals that enrichment in T-cell activation and differentiation pathways pre-dates the onset of RA. Switch from potentially protective IL-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) dominated polyfunctional CD4 T-cell responses towards pathogenic polyfunctionality is evident in patient with IAR and RA synovial tissue. Cluster analysis reveals the accumulation of highly polyfunctional CD4+ CD8dim T-cells in IAR and RA but not HC synovial tissue. CD4+ CD8dim T-cells show increased utilisation of oxidative phosphorylation, a characteristic of metabolically primed memory T-cells. Frequency of synovial CD4+ CD8dim T-cells correlates with RA disease activity. CONCLUSION Switch from potentially protective to pathogenic T-cell polyfunctionality pre-dates the onset of clinical inflammation and constitutes an opportunity for therapeutic intervention in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas Floudas
- Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nuno Neto
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carl Orr
- Department of Rheumatology, EULAR Centre of excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Canavan
- Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Phil Gallagher
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Hurson
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sunil Nagpar
- Department of Immunology, Janssen Research & Development, Immunology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronan H Mullan
- Department of Rheumatology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas J Veale
- Department of Rheumatology, EULAR Centre of excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ursula Fearon
- Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Cellular heterogeneity of circulating CD4 +CD8 + double-positive T cells characterized by single-cell RNA sequencing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23607. [PMID: 34880348 PMCID: PMC8655006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells are associated with a variety of disease states. However, unlike conventional T cells, the composition of this population is poorly understood. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze the composition and characteristics of the DP T cell population circulating in the peripheral blood of cynomolgus monkeys. We found that circulating DP T cells not only contain a large number of naïve cells, but also comprise a heterogeneous population (CD4 CTL-, Eomes+ Tr1-, Th2-, Th17-, Tfh-, Treg-, CD8 CTL-, and innate-like cells) with multiple potential functions. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that a substantial number of the naïve DP T cells expressed CD8αβ, as well as CD8αα, along with high expression of CD31. Moreover, the CD4hiCD8lo and CD4hiCD8hi populations, which express high levels of the CD4 coreceptor, comprised subsets characterized by helper and regulatory functions, some of which also exhibited cytotoxic functions. By contrast, the CD4loCD8hi population with high CD8 coreceptor expression comprised a subset characterized by CD8 CTL- and innate-like properties. Taken together, the data show that scRNA-seq analysis identified a more diverse subset of the circulating DP cells than is currently known, despite this population being very small.
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20
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Winkels H, Ghosheh Y, Kobiyama K, Kiosses WB, Orecchioni M, Ehinger E, Suryawanshi V, Herrera-De La Mata S, Marchovecchio P, Riffelmacher T, Thiault N, Kronenberg M, Wolf D, Seumois G, Vijayanand P, Ley K. Thymus-Derived CD4 +CD8 + Cells Reside in Mediastinal Adipose Tissue and the Aortic Arch. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2720-2732. [PMID: 34740961 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Double-positive CD4+CD8αβ+ (DP) cells are thought to reside as T cell progenitors exclusively within the thymus. We recently discovered an unexpected CD4+ and CD8αβ+ immune cell population in healthy and atherosclerotic mice by single-cell RNA sequencing. Transcriptomically, these cells resembled thymic DPs. Flow cytometry and three-dimensional whole-mount imaging confirmed DPs in thymus, mediastinal adipose tissue, and aortic adventitia, but nowhere else. Deep transcriptional profiling revealed differences between DP cells isolated from the three locations. All DPs were dependent on RAG2 expression and the presence of the thymus. Mediastinal adipose tissue DPs resided in close vicinity to invariant NKT cells, which they could activate in vitro. Thymus transplantation failed to reconstitute extrathymic DPs, and frequencies of extrathymic DPs were unaltered by pharmacologic inhibition of S1P1, suggesting that their migration may be locally confined. Our results define two new, transcriptionally distinct subsets of extrathymic DPs that may play a role in aortic vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Winkels
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA; .,Department of Cardiology, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dennis Wolf
- University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and
| | | | | | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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21
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Koppejan H, Hameetman M, Beyrend G, van Unen V, Kwekkeboom JC, van der Helm-van Mil AH, Toes REM, van Gaalen FA. Immunoprofiling of early, untreated rheumatoid arthritis using mass cytometry reveals an activated basophil subset inversely linked to ACPA status. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:272. [PMID: 34715910 PMCID: PMC8555233 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autoantibody production is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are highly disease-specific, and their presence is associated with more severe disease and poor prognosis compared to ACPA-negative patients. However, the immune cell composition associated with antibody-positive/negative disease is incompletely defined. Mass cytometry (MC) is a high-dimensional technique offering new possibilities in the determination of the immune cell composition in rheumatic diseases. Here, we set up a broad phenotyping panel to study the immune cell profile of early untreated RA to investigate if specific immune cell subsets are associated with ACPA+ versus ACPA− RA. Methods Freshly obtained PBMCs of early, untreated RA patients (8 ACPA+ and 7 ACPA−) were analysed using a 36-marker MC panel, including markers related to various immune lineages. Data were processed using Cytosplore for dimensional reduction (HSNE) and clustering. Groups were compared using Cytofast. A second validation cohort of cryopreserved PBMCs obtained from early RA patients (27 ACPA+ and 20 ACPA−) was used to confirm MC data by flow cytometry (FC). FC data were processed and analysed using both an unsupervised analysis pipeline and through manual gating. Results MC indicated no differences when comparing major immune lineages (i.e. monocytes, T and B cells), but highlighted two innate subsets: CD62L+ basophils (p = 0.33) and a subset of CD16− NK cells (p = 0.063). Although the NK cell subset did not replicate by FC, FC replication confirmed the difference in CD62L+ basophil frequency when comparing ACPA+ to ACPA− patients (mean 0.32% vs. 0.13%; p = 0.01). Conclusions Although no differences in major lineages were found between early ACPA+ and ACPA− RA, this study identified the reduced presence of activated basophils in ACPA-negative disease as compared to ACPA-positive disease and thereby provides the first evidence for a connection between activated basophils and ACPA status. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02630-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Koppejan
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - M Hameetman
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Flow Core Facility, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G Beyrend
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - V van Unen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J C Kwekkeboom
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A H van der Helm-van Mil
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - F A van Gaalen
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO box 9600 (Zone C1-R), Albinusdreef 2, 2233, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Nguyen P, Melzer M, Beck F, Krasselt M, Seifert O, Pierer M, Rothe K, Wagner U. Expansion of CD4+CD8+ Double-positive T cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients is Associated with Erosive Disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:1282-1287. [PMID: 34260705 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells are expanded in the peripheral blood of a subset of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study examines the clinical significance of DP T cells in RA. METHODS In 70 RA patients, DP T cells were measured by flow cytometry. Clinical data were obtained, and hand and feet radiographs were scored according to the Sharp/van der Heijde (SvdH) method. The association between DP T cell frequency and erosive joint destruction was analyzed by correlation and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Nineteen RA patients (27.1%) displayed increased DP T cell frequencies, which correlated with age (r = 0.288, p= 0.016). Expansion of DP T cells was associated with the occurrence of erosions (94,7% vs 43,1%, p< 0.001), with a higher SvdH joint damage score (24.5 vs 6, p= 0.008) and with more frequent use of biologic or targeted-synthetic DMARDs (68.4% vs 38%, p= 0.02). In patients with non-erosive disease, DP T cell frequencies correlated with the joint space narrowing score (n = 28, r = 0.44, p= 0.02). Logistic regression revealed DP T cells to be associated with erosive disease (OR 1.90, p< 0.05). CONCLUSION Expansion of DP T cells is associated with joint damage and frequent escalation of therapy, possibly suggesting a contribution to more severe RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Nguyen
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marc Melzer
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix Beck
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marco Krasselt
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olga Seifert
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Pierer
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Rothe
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Wagner
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Zahran AM, Zahran ZAM, Mady YH, Mahran EEMO, Rashad A, Makboul A, Nasif KA, Abdelmaksoud AA, El-Badawy O. Differential alterations in peripheral lymphocyte subsets in COVID-19 patients: upregulation of double-positive and double-negative T cells. Multidiscip Respir Med 2021; 16:758. [PMID: 34221400 PMCID: PMC8215531 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2021.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Viral infections cause alteration in the total number of lymphocytes and their subset distribution. We aimed to study peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in COVID-19 patients and to correlate these subsets with clinical and laboratory data, which may help in clarifying the pathogenesis to develop novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for COVID-19. Methods Twenty-six reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 patients were subjected to medical history-taking and a thorough clinical examination. Laboratory tests included complete blood count, D dimer, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Chest CT was used to diagnose COVID-19 pneumonia. Lymphocyte subsets were compared with those in 20 healthy controls using flow cytometry. Results Leucopenia, relative neutrophilia, lymphopenia, eosinopenia together with marked elevation in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were observed in our COVID-19 patients. A marked reduction was observed in T cells, including both CD4 and CD8 cells, natural killer (NK), and natural killer T cells (NKT). Double-positive T (DPT) cells, double-negative T (DNT) cells, and B cells were elevated in the patients relative to the other lymphocyte subsets. Conclusion Immune-inflammatory parameters are of utmost importance in understanding the pathogenesis and in the provisional diagnosis of COVID-19. Yet, adequate care must be taken during their interpretation because of the vast discrepancies observed between studies even in the same locality. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of B cells, DPT, and DNT cells in the pathogenesis and control of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Yasmeen H Mady
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Essam Eldeen M O Mahran
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa Rashad
- Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Vally-University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Makboul
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid A Nasif
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.,College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aida A Abdelmaksoud
- Department of E.N.T., Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Omnia El-Badawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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24
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Hibl BM, Dailey Garnes NJM, Kneubehl AR, Vogt MB, Spencer Clinton JL, Rico-Hesse RR. Mosquito-bite infection of humanized mice with chikungunya virus produces systemic disease with long-term effects. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009427. [PMID: 34106915 PMCID: PMC8189471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging, mosquito-borne alphavirus responsible for acute to chronic arthralgias and neuropathies. Although it originated in central Africa, recent reports of disease have come from many parts of the world, including the Americas. While limiting human CHIKV cases through mosquito control has been used, it has not been entirely successful. There are currently no licensed vaccines or treatments specific for CHIKV disease, thus more work is needed to develop effective countermeasures. Current animal research on CHIKV is often not representative of human disease. Most models use CHIKV needle inoculation via unnatural routes to create immediate viremia and localized clinical signs; these methods neglect the natural route of transmission (the mosquito vector bite) and the associated human immune response. Since mosquito saliva has been shown to have a profound effect on viral pathogenesis, we evaluated a novel model of infection that included the natural vector, Aedes species mosquitoes, transmitting CHIKV to mice containing components of the human immune system. Humanized mice infected by 3-6 mosquito bites showed signs of systemic infection, with demonstrable viremia (by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescent antibody assay), mild to moderate clinical signs (by observation, histology, and immunohistochemistry), and immune responses consistent with human infection (by flow cytometry and IgM ELISA). This model should give a better understanding of human CHIKV disease and allow for more realistic evaluations of mechanisms of pathogenesis, prophylaxis, and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne M. Hibl
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Natalie J. M. Dailey Garnes
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander R. Kneubehl
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Megan B. Vogt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Spencer Clinton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca R. Rico-Hesse
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Increased CD4 +CD8 + Double-Positive T Cell in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Correlated with Disease Activity. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6658324. [PMID: 34095321 PMCID: PMC8140824 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6658324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that invades lacrimal glands, salivary glands, and other exocrine glands, but its pathogenic mechanism is still unclear. CD4+CD8+ double-positive T (DPT) cells have been discovered in recent years to play an important role in autoimmune diseases and viral infections, but the frequency and significance of DPT in primary Sjogren's syndrome are still unclear. This study detected the frequency of DPT in the peripheral blood of patients with pSS and detected the clinical indicators and cytokines in patients. We then analyzed the correlation between DPT and clinical indicators, cytokines, and disease activity scores. The results showed that the peripheral DPT frequency of pSS patients was significantly higher than that of healthy controls. The peripheral DPT frequency was negatively correlated with ESR, IgA, and IgG, and peripheral DPT frequency was positively correlated with anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Analysis of DPT and pSS disease activity scores found that DPT frequency had a negative correlation with ESSDAI and SSDAI. This study suggests that peripheral DPT may play a protective role in pSS. The frequency of peripheral DPT cells can be used as an indicator for disease activity. Regulating the expression of peripheral DPT cells is expected to become a new strategy for treatment of pSS.
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26
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Winkels H, Wolf D. Heterogeneity of T Cells in Atherosclerosis Defined by Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing and Cytometry by Time of Flight. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:549-563. [PMID: 33267666 PMCID: PMC7837690 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.312137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The infiltration and accumulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory leukocytes within the intimal layer of the arterial wall is a hallmark of developing and progressing atherosclerosis. While traditionally perceived as macrophage- and foam cell-dominated disease, it is now established that atherosclerosis is a partial autoimmune disease that involves the recognition of peptides from ApoB (apolipoprotein B), the core protein of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol particles, by CD4+ T-helper cells and autoantibodies against LDL and ApoB. Autoimmunity in the atherosclerotic plaque has long been understood as a pathogenic T-helper type-1 driven response with proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Recent developments in high-parametric cell immunophenotyping by mass cytometry, single-cell RNA-sequencing, and in tools exploring antigen-specificity have established the existence of several unforeseen layers of T-cell diversity with mixed TH1 and T regulatory cells transcriptional programs and unpredicted fates. These findings suggest that pathogenic ApoB-reactive T cells evolve from atheroprotective and immunosuppressive CD4+ T regulatory cells that lose their protective properties over time. Here, we discuss T-cell heterogeneity in atherosclerosis with a focus on plasticity, antigen-specificity, exhaustion, maturation, tissue residency, and its potential use in clinical prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Winkels
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany. Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany. Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
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27
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Virdi AK, Wallace J, Barbian H, Richards MH, Ritz EM, Sha B, Al-Harthi L. CD32 is enriched on CD4dimCD8bright T cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239157. [PMID: 32960910 PMCID: PMC7508398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4dimCD8bright T cells, a genuine population of CD8+ T cells, are highly activated and cytolytic. Recently, the low affinity IgG Fc fragment receptor CD32a was described as marker of HIV latency while others reported that CD32a is associated with T cell activation. Given that we have previously established that CD4dimCD8bright T cells are highly activated, mediate anti-HIV responses, and are infected by HIV, we assessed here CD32 expression on CD4dimCD8bright T cells in context of HIV. CD32 frequency on peripheral CD4dimCD8bright and CD4+ T cells was determined by flow cytometry among HIV negative and HIV positive patients. We report that among HIV- individuals, mean CD32 percent expression was 60% on CD4dimCD8bright T cells and 17% on CD4+ T cells (p<0.01). Among HIV+ patients, mean CD32 percent expression was 54% on CD4dimCD8bright T cells and 12% on CD4+ T cells (p<0.001). CD32 expression on CD4dimCD8bright T cells did not correlate with CD4 count and viral load and was not different by HIV serostatus. CD32 was also higher on other double positive T cell populations in both HIV negative and HIV positive donors in comparison to their single positive T cell counterpart. Together, these studies indicate that CD32 is enriched on double positive T cells regardless of HIV serostatus. The functional role of CD32 on these double positive T cells remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber K. Virdi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jennillee Wallace
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Hannah Barbian
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Maureen H. Richards
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ethan M. Ritz
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Beverly Sha
- Infectious Diseases Division, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Lena Al-Harthi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Xin H, Lian Q, Jiang Y, Luo J, Wang X, Erb C, Xu Z, Zhang X, Heidrich-O’Hare E, Yan Q, Duerr RH, Chen K, Chen W. GMM-Demux: sample demultiplexing, multiplet detection, experiment planning, and novel cell-type verification in single cell sequencing. Genome Biol 2020; 21:188. [PMID: 32731885 PMCID: PMC7393741 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying and removing multiplets are essential to improving the scalability and the reliability of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Multiplets create artificial cell types in the dataset. We propose a Gaussian mixture model-based multiplet identification method, GMM-Demux. GMM-Demux accurately identifies and removes multiplets through sample barcoding, including cell hashing and MULTI-seq. GMM-Demux uses a droplet formation model to authenticate putative cell types discovered from a scRNA-seq dataset. We generate two in-house cell-hashing datasets and compared GMM-Demux against three state-of-the-art sample barcoding classifiers. We show that GMM-Demux is stable and highly accurate and recognizes 9 multiplet-induced fake cell types in a PBMC dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Xin
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260 USA
| | - Qiuyu Lian
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260 USA
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086 China
| | - Yale Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260 USA
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086 China
| | - Jiadi Luo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260 USA
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260 USA
| | - Carla Erb
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260 USA
| | - Zhongli Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260 USA
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086 China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260 USA
| | - Elisa Heidrich-O’Hare
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260 USA
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260 USA
| | - Richard H. Duerr
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260 USA
| | - Kong Chen
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260 USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260 USA
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29
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Transcriptomic features of tumour-infiltrating CD4 lowCD8 high double positive αβ T cells in melanoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5900. [PMID: 32246006 PMCID: PMC7125144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) T cells are a phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous population depending on their origin and pathologic context. We previously identified among tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in melanoma, a tumour-reactive MHC class-I restricted CD4lowCD8high DP αβ T-cell subpopulation with CD4-like function. In this study, we used an in-depth comparative transriptomic analysis of intra-melanoma DP T cells and CD4 and CD8 single positive (SP) T cells, to better comprehend the origin of this DP phenotype, and define the transcriptomic signature of activated DP T cells. We observed that intra-melanoma DP T cells were transcriptome-wise closer to their CD8 SP T-cell counterparts in terms of number of genes differentially expressed (97 in common with CD8 SP T cells and 15 with CD4 SP T cells) but presented hallmarks of a transition to a CD4-like functional profile (CD40LG) with a decreased cytotoxic signature (KLRC1) in favour of an increased cytokine-receptor interaction signature (IL4, IL24, IL17A…). This unleashed CD4-like program could be the results of the observed unbalanced expression of the THPOK/Runx3 transcription factors in DP T cells. Overall, this study allow us to speculate that intra-melanoma DP T cells arise from CD8 SP T cells being reprogrammed to a helper function.
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30
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Alexander JJ, Jacob A, Chang A, Quigg RJ, Jarvis JN. Double negative T cells, a potential biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2020; 3:34-43. [PMID: 32257532 PMCID: PMC7093895 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is a challenge to diagnose and treat. There is an urgent need for biomarkers to help define organ involvement, and more effective therapies. A unique population of T cells, the CD3+CD4−CD8− (DNeg) cells, is significantly increased in lupus patients. Twenty-seven cases (53%) of pediatric SLE patients had elevated DNeg cells in their peripheral blood, which correlated with kidney function (R2 = 0.54). Significant infiltration of DNeg cells was observed in both adult and pediatric lupus kidneys by immunofluorescence. For the first time, this study provides direct evidence that DNeg cells facilitate kidney injury in preclinical 8-week-old MRL/lpr lupus mice. In lupus mice, the increase in DNeg cells tracked with worsening disease and correlated with kidney function (R2 = 0.85). Our results show that DNeg cells per se can cause kidney dysfunction, increase in number with increase in disease pathology, and could serve as a potential biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy J Alexander
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and Genetics, Genomics, & Bioinformatics Program, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Alexander Jacob
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and Genetics, Genomics, & Bioinformatics Program, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Anthony Chang
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and Genetics, Genomics, & Bioinformatics Program, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Richard J Quigg
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and Genetics, Genomics, & Bioinformatics Program, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - James N Jarvis
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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31
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Gonzalez-Mancera MS, Bolaños NI, Salamanca M, Orjuela GA, Rodriguez AN, Gonzalez JM. Percentages of CD4+CD8+ Double-positive T Lymphocytes in the Peripheral Blood of Adults from a Blood Bank in Bogotá, Colombia. Turk J Haematol 2019; 37:36-41. [PMID: 31612695 PMCID: PMC7057749 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2019.2019.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: CD4+CD8+ double-positive T-cells (DPTs) have been classified as a separate T-cell subpopulation, with two main phenotypes: CD4high CD8low and CD4low CD8high. In recent years, the relevance of DPTs in the pathogenesis of infections, tumors, and autoimmune diseases has been recognized. Reference values among healthy individuals remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a reference value for DPTs in peripheral blood from healthy donors in a blood bank in Bogotá, Colombia, and to determine the activation status using a surface marker. Materials and Methods: One hundred healthy donors were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood cells were stained for CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD154 (CD40L), and cellular viability was assessed with 7-aminoactinomycin D and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: The median value for DPTs was 2.6% (interquartile range=1.70%-3.67%). Women had higher percentages of DPTs than men (3.3% vs. 2.1%). The subpopulation of CD4low CD8high showed higher expression of CD154 than the other T-cell subpopulations. Conclusion: DPT reference values were obtained from blood bank donors. A sex difference was found, and the CD4low CD8high subpopulation had the highest activation marker expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia I. Bolaños
- University of los Andes, School of Medicine, Grupo de Ciencias Básicas Médicas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel Salamanca
- University of los Andes, School of Medicine, Grupo de Ciencias Básicas Médicas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - John M. Gonzalez
- University of los Andes, School of Medicine, Grupo de Ciencias Básicas Médicas, Bogotá, Colombia
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32
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Double positive CD4+CD8+ T cells are part of the adaptive immune response against Candida albicans. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:999-1005. [PMID: 31561914 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although multiple immune cells participate in the innate and adaptive immune response against Candida albicans, the elucidation of cellular and inflammation kinetics may be a promising strategy to decipher events propitious to infection eradication. We used an in vitro Candida-human leucocyte coculture approach to study the dynamics of rare CD4+CD8+ double positive T lymphocytes (DP T) produced in response to this fungus. Our results highlight the presence of two phenotypically distinct subsets of DP T cells: CD4hiCD8lo and CD4loCD8hi, and that the different ratio of these cells correlates with infection outcome. The ratio of CD4hiCD8lo over CD4loCD8hi by day 6 was significantly higher in controlled infections and decreased when infection persisted due to a significant increase in the proportion of CD4loCD8hi. When infection was controlled, CD4hiCD8lo T cells secreted IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4 and IL-10 cytokines two days after challenge. By day 2, under conditions of persistent infection, CD4hiCD8lo and CD4loCD8hi T cells secreted significant levels of IL-4 and IL-10, respectively, compared to uninfected cultures. Frequency kinetics and original cytokine profiles detailed in this work indicate that DP T cells could participate in the adaptive immune response to C. albicans.
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33
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High prevalence of CD3, NK, and NKT cells in the graft predicts adverse outcome after matched-related and unrelated transplantations with post transplantation cyclophosphamide. Bone Marrow Transplant 2019; 55:544-552. [PMID: 31541204 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The predictive value of graft composition and plasma biomarkers on the outcome of allogeneic HSCT is well known for conventional GVHD prophylaxis based on calcineurin inhibitors with or without antithymocyte globulin. Currently, there is limited data whether these results could be translated to post transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy). The prospective extension cohort of NCT02294552 trial enrolled 79 adult patients with acute leukemia in CR. Twenty-six received matched-related bone marrow (BM) grafts with single-agent PTCy and 53 received unrelated peripheral blood stem cell graft (PBSC) with PTCy, tacrolimus, and MMF. The grafts were studied by the flow cytometry, and plasma samples were analyzed by ELISA. In the cluster and major component analysis, we determined that transplantation from donors with high content of CD3, NKT, and CD16-CD56 + subpopulations in the PBSC grafts was associated with poor immunological recovery and compromised event-free survival (50% vs. 80%, HR 2.93, p = 0.015) both due to increased relapse incidence and non-relapse mortality. The significant independent predictor of moderate and severe chronic GVHD was the high prevalence of and iNKT, Vβ11, and double-positive cells in the PBSC grafts from young donors (HR 2.75, p = 0.0483). No patterns could be identified for BM grafts and for plasma biomarkers.
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34
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Ding ZD, Zheng JF, Song CB, Fu YJ, Xu JJ, Jiang YJ, Shang H, Zhang ZN. Decreased CD4 +CD8 low T cells in early HIV infection are associated with rapid disease progression. Cytokine 2019; 125:154801. [PMID: 31442680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV rapid progressors (RPs) present with a rapid decline of CD4+ T cells within a few years of infection. Determining the underlying mechanisms throughout this decline is important to identify prognostic biomarkers and intervention strategies. Determining the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is essential for monitoring the immune status of HIV infected patients. There are additional kinds of cell subtypes in T cells, but their relationship to the rapid progression of HIV disease is not well defined. METHODS Nineteen RPs and twenty-one chronic progressors (CPs) were enrolled in this study. Based on the intensity of CD4 and CD8 expression, different T cell subtypes were identified, including CD4+CD8+T cells, CD4-CD8- T cells, CD4+CD8low T cells and CD4-CD8low T cells. Alterations in these T cell subtypes in early HIV infection (within 120 days of infection) between RPs and CPs were measured, and the relationships between these subtypes and HIV disease progression were investigated. In addition, expression of IFN-γ in T cell subtypes after PMA stimulation was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that during early HIV infection, CD4+CD8low T cells both significantly decreased in numbers and percentages in RPs compared to CPs. Furthermore, baseline CD4+CD8low T cells positively correlated not only with baseline CD4+T cells but also with CD4+T cells 12 months after infection. Moreover, survival analysis indicated that low levels of baseline CD4+CD8low T cells significantly accelerated the decline in CD4+ T cells as well as increased viral loads. CD4+CD8low T cells secreted significantly more IFN-γ after PMA stimulation compared to CD4+CD8-T cells and CD4-CD8+T cells, which may be beneficial for the prevention of disease progression. CONCLUSIONS Our results identified that in early stage HIV-1 infection, a subtype of T cells, CD4+CD8low, are associated with subsequent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Dan Ding
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jie-Fu Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ya-Jing Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun-Jie Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yong-Jun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hong Shang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Zi-Ning Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Marques P, Collado A, Martinez-Hervás S, Domingo E, Benito E, Piqueras L, Real JT, Ascaso JF, Sanz MJ. Systemic Inflammation in Metabolic Syndrome: Increased Platelet and Leukocyte Activation, and Key Role of CX 3CL1/CX 3CR1 and CCL2/CCR2 Axes in Arterial Platelet-Proinflammatory Monocyte Adhesion. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050708. [PMID: 31109070 PMCID: PMC6572270 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, which is a key driver of premature atherosclerosis. We characterized immune cell behavior in metabolic syndrome, its consequences, and the potential involvement of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 and CCL2/CCR2 chemokine axes. METHODS Whole blood from 18 patients with metabolic syndrome and 21 age-matched controls was analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the leukocyte immunophenotypes, activation, platelet-leukocyte aggregates, and CX3CR1 expression. ELISA determined the plasma marker levels. Platelet-leukocyte aggregates adhesion to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-stimulated arterial endothelium and the role of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 and CCL2/CCR2 axes was investigated with the parallel-plate flow chamber. RESULTS When compared with the controls, the metabolic syndrome patients presented greater percentages of eosinophils, CD3+ T lymphocytes, Mon2/Mon3 monocytes, platelet-eosinophil and -lymphocyte aggregates, activated platelets, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and CD8+ T cells, but lower percentages of Mon1 monocytes. Patients had increased circulating interleukin-8 (IL-8) and TNFα levels and decreased IL-4. CX3CR1 up-regulation in platelet-Mon1 monocyte aggregates in metabolic syndrome patients led to increased CX3CR1/CCR2-dependent platelet-Mon1 monocyte adhesion to dysfunctional arterial endothelium. CONCLUSION We provide evidence of generalized immune activation in metabolic syndrome. Additionally, CX3CL1/CX3CR1 or CCL2/CCR2 axes are potential candidates for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disorders in metabolic syndrome patients, as their blockade impairs the augmented arterial platelet-Mon1 monocyte aggregate adhesiveness, which is a key event in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Aida Collado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Sergio Martinez-Hervás
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Domingo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Esther Benito
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Piqueras
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José T Real
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan F Ascaso
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria-Jesus Sanz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Vaitaitis GM, Rihanek M, Alkanani AK, Waid DM, Gottlieb PA, Wagner DH. Biomarker discovery in pre-Type 1 Diabetes; Th40 cells as a predictive risk factor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4127-4142. [PMID: 31063181 PMCID: PMC6685715 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The incidence of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is increasing worldwide. The quest to understand T1D etiology as well as how to predict diabetes is ongoing and, in many ways, those goals intertwine. While genetic components associate with T1D, not all T1D individuals have those components and not all subjects with those components develop disease. OBJECTIVE More robust methods for prediction of T1D are needed. Can high CD4+CD40+ T cell (Th40) levels be used as a biomarker in addition to other markers? METHODS Th40 levels were assessed along with other parameters in blood collected from prediabetic TrialNet subjects. RESULTS Pre-diabetic subjects, stratified according to their Th40 cell levels, demonstrate patterns that parallel those seen between control and T1D subjects. Cytokine patterns are significantly different between Th40-high and -low subjects and a CD4/CD8 double-positive population is more represented in Th40-high groups. Subjects experiencing impaired glucose tolerance present a significantly higher Th40 level than control subjects do. HLA DR4/DR4 and DQ8/DQ8, HLAs associated with T1D, are more likely found among Th40-high subjects. Interestingly, HLA DR4/DR4 subjects were significantly older compared with all other subjects, suggesting that this haplotype together with a high Th40 level may represent someone who will onset after age 30, which is reported for 42% of T1D cases. CONCLUSION Considering the differences found in relation to prediabetic Th40 cell level, it may be possible to devise methods that more accurately predicts who will proceed toward diabetes and, possibly, at what stage of prediabetes a subject is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela M Vaitaitis
- Webb-Waring Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Marynette Rihanek
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aimon K Alkanani
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dan M Waid
- Webb-Waring Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter A Gottlieb
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David H Wagner
- Webb-Waring Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: David H. Wagner, Jr., PhD, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, Colorado 80045. E-mail:
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Donaubauer AJ, Becker I, Rühle PF, Fietkau R, Gaipl US, Frey B. Analysis of the immune status from peripheral whole blood with a single-tube multicolor flow cytometry assay. Methods Enzymol 2019; 632:389-415. [PMID: 32000906 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation of standard cancer therapies (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery) with immunotherapies has revolutionized cancer treatment. In order to include recent improvements of multimodal therapies into clinical routine, knowledge about the immune status, the immune dynamics and the detailed composition and activation of patient's immune system is required. The here presented single-tube multicolor flow cytometry assay allows the discrimination of 20 clinically relevant immune cell subsets and their activation status in peripheral whole blood. It includes 15 different antibodies and can be established on a common 3 laser and 10 color flow-cytometer. Furthermore, this assay is easy to set-up and to perform as well as fast with only 40min of sample preparation time. Moreover, only 100μL of whole blood are sufficient for this precise determination of the individual immune status. It is already applied in translational programs of clinical studies and trials and can further be adapted for future ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Jasmina Donaubauer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ina Becker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul F Rühle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Diedrich CR, Gideon HP, Rutledge T, Baranowski TM, Maiello P, Myers AJ, Lin PL. CD4CD8 Double Positive T cell responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in cynomolgus macaques. J Med Primatol 2019; 48:82-89. [PMID: 30723927 PMCID: PMC6519377 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) kills millions of people every year. CD4 and CD8 T cells are critical in the immune response against TB. T cells expressing both CD4 and CD8 (CD4CD8 T cells) are functionally active and have not been examined in the context of TB. METHODS We examine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BAL) and lung granulomas from 28 cynomolgus macaques during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. RESULTS CD4CD8 T cells increase in frequency during early Mtb infection in PBMC and BAL from pre-infection. Peripheral, airway, and lung granuloma CD4CD8 T cells have distinct patterns and greater cytokine production than CD4 or CD8 T cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CD4CD8 T cells transient the blood and airways early during infection to reach the granulomas where they are involved directly in the host response to Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Richard Diedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hannah Priyadarshini Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tara Rutledge
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tonilynn Marie Baranowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amy J Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Donaubauer AJ, Rühle PF, Becker I, Fietkau R, Gaipl US, Frey B. One-Tube Multicolor Flow Cytometry Assay (OTMA) for Comprehensive Immunophenotyping of Peripheral Blood. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1904:189-212. [PMID: 30539471 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8958-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent improvements in the flow cytometry technology allow the determination of the general immune status through the development of multicolor immunofluorescence panels. The one-tube multicolor flow cytometry assay (OTMA) that is presented here identifies 20 different, clinically relevant immune cell subsets and three common activation markers. Thereby, a comprehensive immune status that covers all major immune cells is easily obtained.The assay is suitable for every common three lasers and 10 color flow cytometer and includes the application of 15 different antibodies. Furthermore, the assay requires only 100 μL of EDTA-treated whole-blood and less than 40 min for sample preparation. By being easily adaptable to individual requirements and by additionally determining absolute cell counts, the assay is well-suited for translational research in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Jasmina Donaubauer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul F Rühle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ina Becker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Novel Immune Features of the Systemic Inflammation Associated with Primary Hypercholesterolemia: Changes in Cytokine/Chemokine Profile, Increased Platelet and Leukocyte Activation. J Clin Med 2018; 8:jcm8010018. [PMID: 30583563 PMCID: PMC6352074 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hypercholesterolemia (PH) is associated with a low grade systemic inflammation that is likely the main driver of premature atherosclerosis. Accordingly, we characterized the immune cell behaviour in PH and its potential consequences. Whole blood from 22 PH patients and 21 age-matched controls was analysed by flow cytometry to determine the percentage of leukocyte immunophenotypes, activation, and platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Plasma markers were determined by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). The adhesion of platelet-leukocyte aggregates to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-stimulated arterial endothelium was investigated using the dynamic model of the parallel-plate flow chamber. PH patients presented greater percentage of Mon 3 monocytes, Th2 and Th17 lymphocytes, activated platelets, and leukocytes than controls. The higher percentages of circulating platelet-neutrophil, monocyte and lymphocyte aggregates in patients caused increased platelet-leukocyte adhesion to dysfunctional arterial endothelium. Circulating CXCL8, CCL2, CX3CL1, and IL-6 levels positively correlated with key lipid features of PH, whereas negative correlations were found for IL-4 and IL-10. We provide the first evidence that increased platelet and leukocyte activation leads to elevated platelet-leukocyte aggregates in PH and augmented arterial leukocyte adhesiveness, a key event in atherogenesis. Accordingly, modulation of immune system behavior might be a powerful target in the control of further cardiovascular disease in PH.
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Guzman E, Montoya M. Contributions of Farm Animals to Immunology. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:307. [PMID: 30574508 PMCID: PMC6292178 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
By their very nature, great advances in immunology are usually underpinned by experiments carried out in animal models and inbred lines of mice. Also, their corresponding knock-out or knock-in derivatives have been the most commonly used animal systems in immunological studies. With much credit to their usefulness, laboratory mice will never provide all the answers to fully understand immunological processes. Large animal models offer unique biological and experimental advantages that have been and continue to be of great value to the understanding of biological and immunological processes. From the identification of B cells to the realization that γδ T cells can function as professional antigen presenting cells, farm animals have contributed significantly to a better understanding of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Montoya
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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CD4 hiCD8 low Double-Positive T Cells Are Associated with Graft Rejection in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Islet Transplantation. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:3861079. [PMID: 30116750 PMCID: PMC6079492 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3861079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral CD4/CD8 double-positive (DP) T cells are associated with autoimmune disorders, cancer, and viral infection. However, the relationship between organ transplantation and DP T cells is unclear. Here, we examined the functional characteristics of peripheral DP T cells and analyzed their significance with respect to islet graft rejection in a nonhuman primate model of islet transplantation. DP T cells were functionally equivalent to conventional CD4 and CD8 T cells in terms of helper and cytotoxic activity, respectively. DP T cells expressed high levels of CXCR5 and PD-1 and secreted IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-21 in amounts equivalent to those secreted by CD4 or CD8 T cells; also, they produced large amounts of granzyme B and perforin. In addition, under steady-state conditions, DP T cells expressed eomesodermin (Eomes) and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) proteins, both of which act as transcription factors in innate/memory-like T cells. The number of peripheral DP T cells in the islet transplantation model was high in the group that experienced graft rejection; this was not the case in the long-term survival group. Interestingly, numbers of effector memory T cells (TEM) within the DP T cell population increased significantly during islet graft rejection, as did those of TEM within the cytotoxic CD8 T cells. Furthermore, the most conspicuous of which was the increase of CD4hiCD8low T cell subpopulation at that point. Taken together, the data suggest that peripheral DP T cells showing an innate/memory-like phenotype have both helper and cytotoxic activity in vitro and that they may act as a novel biomarker for graft rejection after islet transplantation.
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Vogt MB, Lahon A, Arya RP, Kneubehl AR, Spencer Clinton JL, Paust S, Rico-Hesse R. Mosquito saliva alone has profound effects on the human immune system. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006439. [PMID: 29771921 PMCID: PMC5957326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito saliva is a very complex concoction of >100 proteins, many of which have unknown functions. The effects of mosquito saliva proteins injected into our skin during blood feeding have been studied mainly in mouse models of injection or biting, with many of these systems producing results that may not be relevant to human disease. Here, we describe the numerous effects that mosquito bites have on human immune cells in mice engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells. We used flow cytometry and multiplex cytokine bead array assays, with detailed statistical analyses, to detect small but significant variations in immune cell functions after 4 mosquitoes fed on humanized mice footpads. After preliminary analyses, at different early times after biting, we focused on assessing innate immune and subsequent cellular responses at 6 hours, 24 hours and 7 days after mosquito bites. We detected both Th1 and Th2 human immune responses, and delayed effects on cytokine levels in the blood, and immune cell compositions in the skin and bone marrow, up to 7 days post-bites. These are the first measurements of this kind, with human immune responses in whole animals, bitten by living mosquitoes, versus previous studies using incomplete mouse models and salivary gland extracts or needle injected saliva. The results have major implications for the study of hematophagous insect saliva, its effects on the human immune system, with or without pathogen transmission, and the possibility of determining which of these proteins to target for vaccination, in attempts to block transmission of numerous tropical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B. Vogt
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anismrita Lahon
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ravi P. Arya
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander R. Kneubehl
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Spencer Clinton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Rico-Hesse
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mazur P, Mielimonka A, Natorska J, Wypasek E, Gawęda B, Sobczyk D, Kapusta P, Malinowski KP, Kapelak B. Lymphocyte and monocyte subpopulations in severe aortic stenosis at the time of surgical intervention. Cardiovasc Pathol 2018; 35:1-7. [PMID: 29727769 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common acquired valvular heart disease in adults. Immune system involvement becomes evident during AS development. We sought to investigate the role of different circulating lymphocyte and monocyte subpopulations, with focus on CD4+CD8+ and natural killer T (NKT) cells, in AS. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood samples and aortic valves were obtained from patients undergoing elective aortic valve surgery. Valves were dissected and underwent genetic analyses and calcium content assessment. Lymphocytes and monocytes subsets were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Thirty-eight AS patients were studied. Maximal transvalvular pressure gradient (PGmax) as well as mean transvalvular pressure gradient (PGmean) correlated with the CD4+CD8+ lymphocyte count (r=0.35, P=.03 and r=0.43, P=.006, respectively) and fraction (r=0.43, P=.007 and r=0.48, P=.002, respectively). PGmax and PGmean correlated with CD16+CD56+CD3+ NKT cell count (r=0.39, P=.01 and r=0.43, P=.007, respectively) and fraction (r=0.49, P=.002 and r=0.47, P=.003, respectively). The classical monocyte subpopulation increased after the surgery by 68% (P<.0001). Patients after mini-sternotomy surgery had 47% lower nonclassical monocyte counts than those with full-sternotomy (P=.03). Patients treated with statins had significantly lower postoperative levels of both classical (-25%, P=.04) and nonclassical monocytes (-37%, P=.004) than nontreated individuals. CONCLUSIONS In patients with severe isolated AS, CD4+CD8+ T cells and CD16+CD56+CD3+ NKT cells are associated with AV pressure gradients. Postoperative monocyte levels are affected by procedure invasiveness and use of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Mazur
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; The John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
| | | | - Joanna Natorska
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; The John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Wypasek
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; The John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Bogusław Kapelak
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; The John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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Orr C, Najm A, Biniecka M, McGarry T, Ng CT, Young F, Fearon U, Veale DJ. Synovial Immunophenotype and Anti-Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:2114-2123. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Orr
- University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Chin-Teck Ng
- Singapore General Hospital and Duke-NUS Medical School; Singapore
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Walscheid K, Weinhage T, Foell D, Heinz C, Kasper M, Heiligenhaus A. Effect of Adalimumab on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Non-Infectious Uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2017; 27:330-337. [PMID: 29020495 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1374415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study analyzed the effect of adalimumab on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in uveitis. METHODS PBMCs and serum S100A12 levels from 14 uveitis patients and 28 healthy controls were analyzed. Patient samples were taken before (w0), and 6 (w6) and 12 (w12) weeks after initiation of adalimumab therapy. RESULTS Monocytes expressing CD124, CD86, CD39, CD115, and MHCII were decreased in patients. Adalimumab induced CD86+ and CD39+ monocytes, and further decreased the frequency of MHCII- and CD124-positive cells. Patients (w0) had increased percentages of Th1-, Th17-, and Th2 cells and T cell subsets showed a pro-inflammatory polarization (p = 0.02 ratio Th17/Treg patients w0 vs controls), which was reduced upon adalimumab treatment (p = 0.05 w0 vs w6). S100A12 levels were increased in patients (p = 0.02) and reduced under treatment (p = 0.02 for w6/w12). CONCLUSIONS The phenotype of PBMCs from uveitis patients is modified upon adalimumab treatment. Serum S100A12 levels reflect the systemic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Walscheid
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Ophtha Lab at St. Franziskus-Hospital Münster , Münster , Germany.,b Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology , University Hospital Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Toni Weinhage
- b Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology , University Hospital Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Dirk Foell
- b Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology , University Hospital Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Carsten Heinz
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Ophtha Lab at St. Franziskus-Hospital Münster , Münster , Germany.,c Department of Ophthalmology , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Maren Kasper
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Ophtha Lab at St. Franziskus-Hospital Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Arnd Heiligenhaus
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Ophtha Lab at St. Franziskus-Hospital Münster , Münster , Germany.,c Department of Ophthalmology , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
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Clénet ML, Gagnon F, Moratalla AC, Viel EC, Arbour N. Peripheral human CD4 +CD8 + T lymphocytes exhibit a memory phenotype and enhanced responses to IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11612. [PMID: 28912605 PMCID: PMC5599513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes account for 1–2% of circulating human T lymphocytes, but their frequency is augmented in several diseases. The phenotypic and functional properties of these T lymphocytes are still ill-defined. We performed an ex vivo characterization of CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes from the blood of healthy individuals. We observed that CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes exhibit several characteristics associated with memory T lymphocytes including the expression of chemokine receptors (e.g. CCR7, CXCR3, CCR6) and activation markers (e.g. CD57, CD95). Moreover, we showed that a greater proportion of CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes have an enhanced capacity to produce cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2, IL-4, IL-17A) and lytic enzymes (perforin, granzyme B) compared to CD4+ and/or CD8+ T lymphocytes. Finally, we assessed the impact of three key cytokines in T cell biology on these cells. We observed that IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 triggered STAT5 phosphorylation in a greater proportion of CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes compared to CD4 and CD8 counterparts. We demonstrate that CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes from healthy donors exhibit a phenotypic profile associated with memory T lymphocytes, an increased capacity to produce cytokines and lytic enzymes, and a higher proportion of cells responding to key cytokines implicated in T cell survival, homeostasis and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Clénet
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - François Gagnon
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Ana Carmena Moratalla
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Emilie C Viel
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
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Rothe K, Raulien N, Köhler G, Pierer M, Quandt D, Wagner U. Autoimmune arthritis induces paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B expression on CD4 + T cells from SKG mice. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1457-1467. [PMID: 28664612 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The chronic, destructive autoimmune arthritis in SKG mice, which closely resembles human rheumatoid arthritis, is the result of self-reactive T cells escaping thymic deletion. Since the inhibitory receptor LIR-1 is up-regulated on auto-reactive T cells in human rheumatoid arthritis, the role of its murine ortholog PIR-B was investigated. Peripheral CD4+ T cells from SKG mice were found to frequently express PIR-B, and this population produces more frequently IL-17 upon in vitro stimulation compared to PIR-B- cells. A much larger fraction of PIR-B+ T cells, however, was found to secret no IL-17, but IFN-γ. With regards to the clinical course of the disease, high frequencies of PIR-B+ CD4+ T cells were found to be associated with a milder course of arthritis, suggesting that the net effect of PIR-B expression is suppression of autoreactive T cells. Our results indicate that overexpression of PIR-B on IL-17-producing SKG CD4+ T cells might represent an effective counter-regulatory mechanism against the destructive potential of those cells. More importantly, a major population of PIR-B+ T cells in SKG mice appears to play an inhibitory role by way of their IFN-γ production, since high frequencies of those cells ameliorate the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Rothe
- University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Raulien
- University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Pierer
- University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dagmar Quandt
- University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Wagner
- University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Leipzig, Germany
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Broadley I, Pera A, Morrow G, Davies KA, Kern F. Expansions of Cytotoxic CD4 +CD28 - T Cells Drive Excess Cardiovascular Mortality in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Chronic Inflammatory Conditions and Are Triggered by CMV Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:195. [PMID: 28303136 PMCID: PMC5332470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A large proportion of cardiovascular (CV) pathology results from immune-mediated damage, including systemic inflammation and cellular proliferation, which cause a narrowing of the blood vessels. Expansions of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells characterized by loss of CD28 (“CD4+CD28− T cells” or “CD4+CD28null cells”) are closely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), in particular coronary artery damage. Direct involvement of these cells in damaging the vasculature has been demonstrated repeatedly. Moreover, CD4+CD28− T cells are significantly increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune conditions. It is striking that expansions of this subset beyond 1–2% occur exclusively in CMV-infected people. CMV infection itself is known to increase the severity of autoimmune diseases, in particular RA and has also been linked to increased vascular pathology. A review of the recent literature on immunological changes in CVD, RA, and CMV infection provides strong evidence that expansions of cytotoxic CD4+CD28− T cells in RA and other chronic inflammatory conditions are limited to CMV-infected patients and driven by CMV infection. They are likely to be responsible for the excess CV mortality observed in these situations. The CD4+CD28− phenotype convincingly links CMV infection to CV mortality based on a direct cellular-pathological mechanism rather than epidemiological association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Broadley
- Division of Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School , Brighton , UK
| | - Alejandra Pera
- Division of Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK; Department of Immunology, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - George Morrow
- Division of Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School , Brighton , UK
| | - Kevin A Davies
- Division of Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School , Brighton , UK
| | - Florian Kern
- Division of Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School , Brighton , UK
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Canine peripheral blood CD4 + CD8 + double-positive T cell subpopulations exhibit distinct T cell phenotypes and effector functions. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 185:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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