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Fiorilli V, Martínez-Medina A, Pozo MJ, Lanfranco L. Plant Immunity Modulation in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Its Impact on Pathogens and Pests. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 62:127-156. [PMID: 39251211 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-121423-042014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is the oldest and most widespread mutualistic association on Earth and involves plants and soil fungi belonging to Glomeromycotina. A complex molecular, cellular, and genetic developmental program enables partner recognition, fungal accommodation in plant tissues, and activation of symbiotic functions such as transfer of phosphorus in exchange for carbohydrates and lipids. AM fungi, as ancient obligate biotrophs, have evolved strategies to circumvent plant defense responses to guarantee an intimate and long-lasting mutualism. They are among those root-associated microorganisms able to boost plants' ability to cope with biotic stresses leading to mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR), which can be effective across diverse hosts and against different attackers. Here, we examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of plant immunity during colonization by AM fungi and at the onset and display of MIR against belowground and aboveground pests and pathogens. Understanding the MIR efficiency spectrum and its regulation is of great importance to optimizing the biotechnological application of these beneficial microbes for sustainable crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy;
| | - A Martínez-Medina
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria J Pozo
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain;
| | - L Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy;
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Sharma V, Garg N. Nitric oxide and AMF-mediated regulation of soil enzymes activities, cysteine-H 2S system and thiol metabolites in mitigating chromium (Cr (VI)) toxicity in pigeonpea genotypes. Biometals 2024; 37:185-209. [PMID: 37792256 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Cr (VI) hampers plant growth and yield by reducing essential nutrient uptake as it competes for phosphate and sulfate transporters. Nitric oxide (NO) and mycorrhization play important roles in mitigating Cr (VI) toxicity. Present study aimed to compare the potential of AMF (Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi)-Rhizoglomus intraradices and NO (0.25 mM) in alleviating Cr (VI) stress (0, 10 and 20 mg/kg) in two differentially tolerant pigeonpea genotypes (Pusa 2001 and AL 201). Cr (VI) toxicity reduced growth, mycorrhizal colonization, nutrient uptake, and overall productivity by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, with AL 201 more sensitive than Pusa 2001. NO and AM enhanced activities of soil enzymes, thereby increasing nutrients availability as well as their uptake, with AM more effective than NO. Both amendments reduced oxidative stress and restricted Cr (VI) uptake by increasing the activities of antioxidant and S- assimilatory enzymes, with Pusa 2001 more responsive than AL 201. NO was relatively more efficient in regulating cysteine-H2S system by increasing the activities of biosynthetic enzymes (ATP-sulfurylase (ATPS), O-acetylserine thiol lyase (OASTL), D-cysteine desulfhydrase (DCD) and L-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD), while AM significantly increased glutathione reductase (GR), γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ECS) enzymes activities and resultant glutathione (GSH), phytochelatins (PCs), and non-protein thiols (NP-SH) synthesis. Moreover, co-application of NO and AM proved to be highly beneficial in negating the toxic effects of Cr (VI) due to functional complementarity between them. Study suggested the combined use of NO and AM as a useful strategy in re-establishing pigeonpea plants growing in Cr (VI)-stressed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neera Garg
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Pathak PK, Yadav N, Kaladhar VC, Jaiswal R, Kumari A, Igamberdiev AU, Loake GJ, Gupta KJ. The emerging roles of nitric oxide and its associated scavengers-phytoglobins-in plant symbiotic interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:563-577. [PMID: 37843034 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
A key feature in the establishment of symbiosis between plants and microbes is the maintenance of the balance between the production of the small redox-related molecule, nitric oxide (NO), and its cognate scavenging pathways. During the establishment of symbiosis, a transition from a normoxic to a microoxic environment often takes place, triggering the production of NO from nitrite via a reductive production pathway. Plant hemoglobins [phytoglobins (Phytogbs)] are a central tenant of NO scavenging, with NO homeostasis maintained via the Phytogb-NO cycle. While the first plant hemoglobin (leghemoglobin), associated with the symbiotic relationship between leguminous plants and bacterial Rhizobium species, was discovered in 1939, most other plant hemoglobins, identified only in the 1990s, were considered as non-symbiotic. From recent studies, it is becoming evident that the role of Phytogbs1 in the establishment and maintenance of plant-bacterial and plant-fungal symbiosis is also essential in roots. Consequently, the division of plant hemoglobins into symbiotic and non-symbiotic groups becomes less justified. While the main function of Phytogbs1 is related to the regulation of NO levels, participation of these proteins in the establishment of symbiotic relationships between plants and microorganisms represents another important dimension among the other processes in which these key redox-regulatory proteins play a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Pathak
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Yadav
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rekha Jaiswal
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Aprajita Kumari
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
- Centre for Engineering Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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Allagulova CR, Lubyanova AR, Avalbaev AM. Multiple Ways of Nitric Oxide Production in Plants and Its Functional Activity under Abiotic Stress Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11637. [PMID: 37511393 PMCID: PMC10380521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous signaling molecule that plays an important role in plant ontogenesis and responses to different stresses. The most widespread abiotic stress factors limiting significantly plant growth and crop yield are drought, salinity, hypo-, hyperthermia, and an excess of heavy metal (HM) ions. Data on the accumulation of endogenous NO under stress factors and on the alleviation of their negative effects under exogenous NO treatments indicate the perspectives of its practical application to improve stress resistance and plant productivity. This requires fundamental knowledge of the NO metabolism and the mechanisms of its biological action in plants. NO generation occurs in plants by two main alternative mechanisms: oxidative or reductive, in spontaneous or enzymatic reactions. NO participates in plant development by controlling the processes of seed germination, vegetative growth, morphogenesis, flower transition, fruit ripening, and senescence. Under stressful conditions, NO contributes to antioxidant protection, osmotic adjustment, normalization of water balance, regulation of cellular ion homeostasis, maintenance of photosynthetic reactions, and growth processes of plants. NO can exert regulative action by inducing posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins changing the activity of different enzymes or transcriptional factors, modulating the expression of huge amounts of genes, including those related to stress tolerance. This review summarizes the current data concerning molecular mechanisms of NO production and its activity in plants during regulation of their life cycle and adaptation to drought, salinity, temperature stress, and HM ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulpan R Allagulova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Alsu R Lubyanova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Azamat M Avalbaev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
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Terrón-Camero LC, Molina-Moya E, Peláez-Vico MÁ, Sandalio LM, Romero-Puertas MC. Nitric Oxide and Globin Glb1 Regulate Fusarium oxysporum Infection of Arabidopsis thaliana. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1321. [PMID: 37507861 PMCID: PMC10376111 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants continuously interact with fungi, some of which, such as Fusarium oxysporum, are lethal, leading to reduced crop yields. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has been found to play a regulatory role in plant responses to F. oxysporum, although the underlying mechanisms involved are poorly understood. In this study, we show that Arabidopsis mutants with altered levels of phytoglobin 1 (Glb1) have a higher survival rate than wild type (WT) after infection with F. oxysporum, although all the genotypes analyzed exhibited a similar fungal burden. None of the defense responses that were analyzed in Glb1 lines, such as phenols, iron metabolism, peroxidase activity, or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, appear to explain their higher survival rates. However, the early induction of the PR genes may be one of the reasons for the observed survival rate of Glb1 lines infected with F. oxysporum. Furthermore, while PR1 expression was induced in Glb1 lines very early on the response to F. oxysporum, this induction was not observed in WT plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Terrón-Camero
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Molina-Moya
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Peláez-Vico
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Mukherjee S, Corpas FJ. H 2 O 2 , NO, and H 2 S networks during root development and signalling under physiological and challenging environments: Beneficial or toxic? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:688-717. [PMID: 36583401 PMCID: PMC10108057 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a key modulator of the development and architecture of the root system under physiological and adverse environmental conditions. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) also exert myriad functions on plant development and signalling. Accumulating pieces of evidence show that depending upon the dose and mode of applications, NO and H2 S can have synergistic or antagonistic actions in mediating H2 O2 signalling during root development. Thus, H2 O2 -NO-H2 S crosstalk might essentially impart tolerance to elude oxidative stress in roots. Growth and proliferation of root apex involve crucial orchestration of NO and H2 S-mediated ROS signalling which also comprise other components including mitogen-activated protein kinase, cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH), and Ca2+ flux. This assessment provides a comprehensive update on the cooperative roles of NO and H2 S in modulating H2 O2 homoeostasis during root development, abiotic stress tolerance, and root-microbe interaction. Furthermore, it also analyses the scopes of some fascinating future investigations associated with strigolactone and karrikins concerning H2 O2 -NO-H2 S crosstalk in plant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur CollegeUniversity of KalyaniWest BengalIndia
| | - Francisco J. Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signalling in PlantsEstación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC)GranadaSpain
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Gao F, Wang R, Shi Y, Shen H, Yang L. Reactive oxygen metabolism in the proliferation of Korean pine embryogenic callus cells promoted by exogenous GSH. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2218. [PMID: 36755060 PMCID: PMC9908892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous glutathione (GSH) promotes the proliferation of embryogenic callus (EC) cells in Korean pine in the course of somatic embryogenesis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play an important role in regulating the proliferation of EC cells by exogenous GSH. However, the concrete metabolic response of ROS is unclear. In this study, two cell lines of Korean pine with high proliferative potential 001#-001 (F, Fast proliferative potential cell line is abbreviated as F) and low proliferative potential 001#-010 (S, Slow proliferative potential cell line is abbreviated as S) were used as test materials. The responses of ROS-related enzymes and substances to exogenous GSH and L-Buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) were investigated in EC cells. The results showed that the exogenous addition of GSH increased the number of early somatic embryogenesis (SEs) in EC cells of both F and S cell lines, decreased the amount of cell death in both cell lines. Exogenous addition of GSH promoted cell division in both cell lines, increased intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, inhibited intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) production, and increased NO/ROS ratio. In conclusion, the exogenous GSH promoting the proliferation of Korean pine EC cells, the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes was enhanced, the ROS level was reduced, and the resistance of cells to stress was enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biotechnology, Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China. .,State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China. .,State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
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Somegowda M, Raghavendra S, Sridhara S, Rajeshwara AN, N. Pramod S, Shivashankar S, Lin F, El-Abedin TKZ, Wani SH, Elansary HO. Defensive Mechanisms in Cucurbits against Melon Fly ( Bactrocera cucurbitae) Infestation through Excessive Production of Defensive Enzymes and Antioxidants. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216345. [PMID: 34770754 PMCID: PMC8588020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) is the most common pest of cucurbits, and it directly causes damage to cucurbit fruits in the early developmental stage. The infection of fruit tissues induces oxidative damage through increased generation of cellular reactive oxygen species. The effects of melon fly infestation on the production of defensive enzymes and antioxidant capabilities in five cucurbit species, namely, bottle gourd, chayote, cucumber, snake gourd, and bitter gourd, were investigated in this study. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was considerably higher in melon fly infestation tissues compared to healthy and apparently healthy tissues. The chayote and bottle gourd tissues expressed almost 1.5- to 2-fold higher phenolic and flavonoid contents compared to the tissues of bitter gourd, snake gourd, and cucumber upon infestation. Defensive enzymes, such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and catalase (CAT), were high in healthy and infected tissues of chayote and bottle gourd compared to bitter gourd, snake gourd, and cucumber. The activity of POD (60–80%), SOD (30–35%), PPO (70–75%), and CAT (40–50%) were high in infected chayote and bottle gourd tissue, representing resistance against infestation, while bitter gourd, snake gourd, and cucumber exhibited comparatively lower activity suggesting susceptibility to melon fly infection. The antioxidant properties were also high in the resistant cucurbits compared to the susceptible cucurbits. The current research has enlightened the importance of redox-regulatory pathways involving ROS neutralization through infection-induced antioxidative enzymes in host cucurbit resistance. The melon fly infestation depicts the possible induction of pathways that upregulate the production of defensive enzymes and antioxidants as a defensive strategy against melon fly infestation in resistant cucurbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudana Somegowda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, Shivamogga 577204, Karnataka, India; (M.S.); (S.R.)
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Jnana Shayadri, Kuvempu University, Shimoga 577203, Karnataka, India;
| | - S. Raghavendra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, Shivamogga 577204, Karnataka, India; (M.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Shankarappa Sridhara
- Center for Climate Resilient Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, Shivamogga 577204, Karnataka, India;
| | - Achur. N. Rajeshwara
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Jnana Shayadri, Kuvempu University, Shimoga 577203, Karnataka, India;
| | - Siddanakoppalu. N. Pramod
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry and Food Technology, Davanagere University, Shivagangotri, Davanagere 577007, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (S.N.P.); (H.O.E.)
| | - S. Shivashankar
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, IIHR, Hesaraghatta, Bangalore 560089, Karnataka, India;
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Tarek K Zin El-Abedin
- Department of Agriculture & Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar 181101, Srinagar, India;
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.N.P.); (H.O.E.)
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Hu B, Flemetakis E, Rennenberg H. Pedospheric Microbial Nitric Oxide Production Challenges Root Symbioses. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:104-107. [PMID: 33257260 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that a multitude of microbial processes are involved in nitric oxide production and consumptions in the pedosphere. Due to its dual function as a toxic metabolite and signaling compound, we speculate that this pedospheric nitric oxide of microbial origin can significantly interact with mycorrhizal symbioses and symbiotic nitrogen fixation of legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
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Wang H, Kou X, Wu C, Fan G, Li T. Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide Are Involved in Methyl Jasmonate-Regulated Response against Botrytis cinerea in Postharvest Blueberries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13632-13640. [PMID: 33185095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The involvement and the relationship between nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced immune responses in blueberries against Botrytis cinerea was explored using diphenylene iodonium (DPI, NADPH oxidase inhibitor) and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO, NO scavenger). MeJA induced NO and H2O2 burst and enhanced the resistance of blueberries by elevating defense-related enzymes and the phenylpropanoid pathway. However, the above impacts stimulated by MeJA were weakened by DPI and destroyed by cPTIO. Furthermore, cPTIO abolished the increment in H2O2 by regulating the activities of NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, whereas DPI weakened the increase in H2O2 but barely affected the generation of NO and the activity of nitric oxide synthase elevated by MeJA. These results indicated that NO and H2O2 were involved in the MeJA-induced resistance in blueberries, and NO worked upstream of H2O2 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Caie Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
| | - Gongjian Fan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
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Ma M, Wendehenne D, Philippot L, Hänsch R, Flemetakis E, Hu B, Rennenberg H. Physiological significance of pedospheric nitric oxide for root growth, development and organismic interactions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2336-2354. [PMID: 32681574 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is essential for plant growth and development, as well as interactions with abiotic and biotic environments. Its importance for multiple functions in plants means that tight regulation of NO concentrations is required. This is of particular significance in roots, where NO signalling is involved in processes, such as root growth, lateral root formation, nutrient acquisition, heavy metal homeostasis, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and root-mycorrhizal fungi interactions. The NO signal can also be produced in high levels by microbial processes in the rhizosphere, further impacting root processes. To explore these interesting interactions, in the present review, we firstly summarize current knowledge of physiological processes of NO production and consumption in roots and, thereafter, of processes involved in NO homeostasis in root cells with particular emphasis on root growth, development, nutrient acquisition, environmental stresses and organismic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - David Wendehenne
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Philippot
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Verticillium Wilt of Olive and its Control: What Did We Learn during the Last Decade? PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060735. [PMID: 32545292 PMCID: PMC7356185 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) wilt is one of the most devastating diseases affecting olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) cultivation. Its effective control strongly relies on integrated management strategies. Olive cultivation systems are experiencing important changes (e.g., high-density orchards, etc.) aiming at improving productivity. The impact of these changes on soil biology and the incidence/severity of olive pests and diseases has not yet been sufficiently evaluated. A comprehensive understanding of the biology of the pathogen and its populations, the epidemiological factors contributing to exacerbating the disease, the underlying mechanisms of tolerance/resistance, and the involvement of the olive-associated microbiota in the tree's health is needed. This knowledge will be instrumental to developing more effective control measures to confront the disease in regions where the pathogen is present, or to exclude it from V. dahliae-free areas. This review compiles the most recent advances achieved to understand the olive-V. dahliae interaction as well as measures to control the disease. Aspects such as the molecular basis of the host-pathogen interaction, the identification of new biocontrol agents, the implementation of "-omics" approaches to unravel the basis of disease tolerance, and the utilization of remote sensing technology for the early detection of pathogen attacks are highlighted.
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Galatro A, Ramos-Artuso F, Luquet M, Buet A, Simontacchi M. An Update on Nitric Oxide Production and Role Under Phosphorus Scarcity in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:413. [PMID: 32351528 PMCID: PMC7174633 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (P) is characterized by its low availability and restricted mobility in soils, and also by a high redistribution capacity inside plants. In order to maintain P homeostasis in nutrient restricted conditions, plants have developed mechanisms which enable P acquisition from the soil solution, and an efficient reutilization of P already present in plant cells. Nitric oxide (NO) is a bioactive molecule with a plethora of functions in plants. Its endogenous synthesis depends on internal and environmental factors, and is closely tied with nitrogen (N) metabolism. Furthermore, there is evidence demonstrating that N supply affects P homeostasis and that P deficiency impacts on N assimilation. This review will provide an overview on how NO levels in planta are affected by P deficiency, the interrelationship with N metabolism, and a summary of the current understanding about the influence of this reactive N species over the processes triggered by P starvation, which could modify P use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galatro
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Facundo Ramos-Artuso
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Melisa Luquet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Agustina Buet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcela Simontacchi
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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A forty year journey: The generation and roles of NO in plants. Nitric Oxide 2019; 93:53-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Berger A, Boscari A, Frendo P, Brouquisse R. Nitric oxide signaling, metabolism and toxicity in nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4505-4520. [PMID: 30968126 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between legumes and rhizobia lead to the establishment of a symbiotic relationship characterized by the formation of a new organ, the nodule, which facilitates the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) by nitrogenase through the creation of a hypoxic environment. Significant amounts of nitric oxide (NO) accumulate at different stages of nodule development, suggesting that NO performs specific signaling and/or metabolic functions during symbiosis. NO, which regulates nodule gene expression, accumulates to high levels in hypoxic nodules. NO accumulation is considered to assist energy metabolism within the hypoxic environment of the nodule via a phytoglobin-NO-mediated respiration process. NO is a potent inhibitor of the activity of nitrogenase and other plant and bacterial enzymes, acting as a developmental signal in the induction of nodule senescence. Hence, key questions concern the relative importance of the signaling and metabolic functions of NO versus its toxic action and how NO levels are regulated to be compatible with nitrogen fixation functions. This review analyses these paradoxical roles of NO at various stages of symbiosis, and highlights the role of plant phytoglobins and bacterial hemoproteins in the control of NO accumulation.
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Martínez-Medina A, Pescador L, Terrón-Camero LC, Pozo MJ, Romero-Puertas MC. Nitric oxide in plant-fungal interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4489-4503. [PMID: 31197351 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Whilst many interactions with fungi are detrimental for plants, others are beneficial and result in improved growth and stress tolerance. Thus, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to restrict pathogenic interactions while promoting mutualistic relationships. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of plant defence against fungal pathogens. NO triggers a reprograming of defence-related gene expression, the production of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties, and the hypersensitive response. More recent studies have shown a regulatory role of NO during the establishment of plant-fungal mutualistic associations from the early stages of the interaction. Indeed, NO has been recently shown to be produced by the plant after the recognition of root fungal symbionts, and to be required for the optimal control of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Although studies dealing with the function of NO in plant-fungal mutualistic associations are still scarce, experimental data indicate that different regulation patterns and functions for NO exist between plant interactions with pathogenic and mutualistic fungi. Here, we review recent progress in determining the functions of NO in plant-fungal interactions, and try to identify common and differential patterns related to pathogenic and mutualistic associations, and their impacts on plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction Unit, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Leyre Pescador
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Plant Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Laura C Terrón-Camero
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Plant Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - María J Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction Unit, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Plant Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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Martínez-Medina A, Pescador L, Fernández I, Rodríguez-Serrano M, García JM, Romero-Puertas MC, Pozo MJ. Nitric oxide and phytoglobin PHYTOGB1 are regulatory elements in the Solanum lycopersicum-Rhizophagus irregularis mycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1560-1574. [PMID: 31066909 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory role of nitric oxide (NO) and phytoglobins in plant response to pathogenic and mutualistic microbes has been evidenced. However, little is known about their function in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. We investigated whether NO and phytoglobin PHYTOGB1 are regulatory components in the AM symbiosis. Rhizophagus irregularis in vitro-grown cultures and tomato plants were used to monitor AM-associated NO-related root responses as compared to responses triggered by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. A genetic approach was conducted to understand the role of PHYTOGB1 on NO signaling during both interactions. After a common early peak in NO levels in response to both fungi, a specific NO accumulation pattern was triggered in tomato roots during the onset of the AM interaction. PHYTOGB1 was upregulated by the AM interaction. By contrast, the pathogen triggered a continuous NO accumulation and a strong downregulation of PHYTOGB1. Manipulation of PHYTOGB1 levels in overexpressing and silenced roots led to a deregulation of NO levels and altered mycorrhization and pathogen infection. We demonstrate that the onset of the AM symbiosis is associated with a specific NO-related signature in the host root. We propose that NO regulation by PHYTOGB1 is a regulatory component of the AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Leyre Pescador
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Iván Fernández
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Serrano
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Juan M García
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - María J Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
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Sujkowska-Rybkowska M, Czarnocka W, Sańko-Sawczenko I, Witoń D. Effect of short-term aluminum stress and mycorrhizal inoculation on nitric oxide metabolism in Medicago truncatula roots. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 220:145-154. [PMID: 29179082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity can induce oxidative and nitrosative stress, which limits growth and yield of crop plants. Nevertheless, plant tolerance to stress may be improved by symbiotic associations including arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule involved in physiological processes and plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, almost no information about the NO metabolism has been gathered about AM. In the present work, Medicago truncatula seedlings were inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis, and 7-week-old plants were treated with 50μM AlCl3 for 3h. Cytochemical and molecular techniques were used to measure the components of the NO metabolism, including NO content and localization, expression of genes encoding NO-synthesis (MtNR1, MtNR2 and MtNIR1) and NO-scavenging (MtGSNOR1, MtGSNOR2, MtHB1 and MtHB2) enzymes and the profile of protein tyrosine nitration (NO2-Tyr) in Medicago roots. For the first time, NO and NO2-Tyr accumulation was connected with fungal structures (arbuscules, vesicles and intercellular hyphae). Expression analysis of genes encoding NO-synthesis enzymes indicated that AM symbiosis results in lower production of NO in Al-treated roots in comparison to non-mycorrhizal roots. Elevated levels of transcription of genes encoding NO-scavenging enzymes indicated more active NO scavenging in AMF-inoculated Al-treated roots compared to non-inoculated roots. These results were confirmed by less NO accumulation and lower protein nitration in Al-stressed mycorrhizal roots in comparison to non-mycorrhizal roots. This study provides a new insight in NO metabolism in response to arbuscular mycorrhiza under normal and metal stress conditions. Our results suggest that mycorrhizal fungi decrease NO and tyrosine nitrated proteins content in Al-treated Medicago roots, probably via active NO scavenging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Sujkowska-Rybkowska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Sańko-Sawczenko
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Ortega A, Garrido I, Casimiro I, Espinosa F. Effects of antimony on redox activities and antioxidant defence systems in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183991. [PMID: 28873463 PMCID: PMC5585001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The alterations induced by the toxicity of antimony (Sb) in the roots and leaves of sunflower plants were determined. The plants were grown hydroponically with different concentrations of Sb, a heavy metal which reduces biomass production and growth. There was preferential accumulation of Sb in the tissues of the roots, with the concentrations in the leaves being much lower. The accumulation of other mineral elements was also altered, especially that of Fe and Zn. Chlorophyll content declined, as also did the photosynthetic efficiency, but the carotenoid content remained unaltered. The total content of phenolics, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoid glycosides rose, evidence of their participation in the defence response. Increases were observed in the amount of superoxide anion in both roots and leaves, and in lipid peroxidation levels, especially with the highest Sb concentration of 1.0 mM. The induced oxidative stress leads to a strong increase in the SOD, POX and APX antioxidant activities, while the GR activity was only increased in the leaves and at the 1.0 mM Sb concentration. In contrast, the DHAR activity increased considerably in both organs. The GSNOR activity increased only in roots, and the total RSNOs increased. The total amount of AsA + DHA increased in roots and remained unaltered in leaves, whereas that of GSH + GSSG decreased considerably in all cases. As a whole, these results are evidence for the development of a strong oxidative stress induced by Sb, with there being a clear imbalance in the content of the compounds that constitute the AsA/GSH cycle. 0.5 mM Sb enhances GST expression, especially in leaves. This, together with the increase that was observed in the amount of GSH, may play an important part in detoxification. This oxidative stress affects both the phenolic and the ROS/RNS metabolic processes, which seems to implicate their involvement in the plant's defence and response to the stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Ortega
- FBCMP Research Group, University of Extremadura, Campus Avenida Elvas, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Garrido
- FBCMP Research Group, University of Extremadura, Campus Avenida Elvas, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ilda Casimiro
- FBCMP Research Group, University of Extremadura, Campus Avenida Elvas, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Francisco Espinosa
- FBCMP Research Group, University of Extremadura, Campus Avenida Elvas, Badajoz, Spain
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Sun J, Wang P, Zhou T, Rong J, Jia H, Liu Z. Transcriptome Analysis of the Effects of Shell Removal and Exogenous Gibberellin on Germination of Zanthoxylum Seeds. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8521. [PMID: 28819199 PMCID: PMC5561108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The zanthoxylum seeds are oil-rich and have a very thick, dense and oily shell. In the natural conditions the seeds have a very low germination rate. Prior to treatment with GAs to promote germination, the seeds were usually soaked in sulfuric acid to remove shells easily. A high-throughput sequencing of mRNAs was performed to investigate the effects of the above treatments on the germination of zanthoxylum seeds. Seven libraries were assembled into 100,982 unigenes and 59,509 unigenes were annotated. We focused on the expression profiles of the key genes related to the oil metabolisms and hormone regulations during seed germination. Our data indicated the endogenous ABA of seeds was rich. The effects that the exogenous GAs promoted germination were apparent in the secong day of germination. Especially, for the first time our results indicated the exogenous GAs lowered the aerobic metabolism including the oil metabolisms during imbibition. We inferred that the exogenous GAs had inhibitory effects on the oil metabolisms to avoide oxidative damages to the imbibed seeds, and the seed shell played the role similiar to the exogenous GAs in the initial stage of germination in the natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikang Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Tao Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Rong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Jia
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM88130, USA
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21
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Xie XG, Fu WQ, Zhang FM, Shi XM, Zeng YT, Li H, Zhang W, Dai CC. The Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis liquidambari Increases Nodulation and N 2 Fixation in Arachis hypogaea by Enhancing Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitric Oxide Signalling. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 74:427-440. [PMID: 28168354 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-0944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The continuous cropping obstacles in monoculture fields are a major production constraint for peanuts. Application of the endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambari has increased peanut yields, and nodulation and N2 fixation increases have been considered as important factors for P. liquidambari infection-improved peanut yield. However, the mechanisms involved in this process remain unknown. This work showed that compared with only Bradyrhizobium inoculation, co-inoculation with P. liquidambari significantly elevated endogenous H2O2 and NO levels in peanut roots. Pre-treatment of seedlings with specific scavengers of H2O2 (CAT) and NO (cPTIO) blocked P. liquidambari-induced nodulation and N2 fixation. CAT not only suppressed the P. liquidambari-induced nodulation and N2 fixation, but also suppressed the enhanced H2O2 and NO generation. Nevertheless, the cPTIO did not significantly inhibit the induced H2O2 biosynthesis, implying that H2O2 acted upstream of NO production. These results were confirmed by observations that exogenous H2O2 and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) reversed the inhibition of P. liquidambari-increased nodulation and N2 fixation by the specific scavengers. The transcriptional activities of the symbiosis-related genes SymRK and CCaMK of peanut-Bradyrhizobium interactions also increased significantly in response to P. liquidambari, H2O2 and SNP treatments. The pot experiment further confirmed that the P. liquidambari infection-enhanced H2O2 and NO signalling pathways were significantly related to the increase in peanut nodulation and N2 fixation. This is the first report that endophytic fungus P. liquidambari can increase peanut-Bradyrhizobium interactions via enhanced H2O2/NO-dependent signalling crosstalk, which is conducive to the alleviation of continuous cropping obstacles via an increase in nodulation and N2 fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Guang Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Feng-Min Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Min Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Ying-Ting Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Hui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China.
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22
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis modifies the effects of a nitric oxide donor (sodium nitroprusside;SNP) and a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester;L-NAME) on lettuce plants under well watered and drought conditions. Symbiosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-017-0486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Sebastiana M, Martins J, Figueiredo A, Monteiro F, Sardans J, Peñuelas J, Silva A, Roepstorff P, Pais MS, Coelho AV. Oak protein profile alterations upon root colonization by an ectomycorrhizal fungus. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:109-128. [PMID: 27714470 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An increased knowledge on the real impacts of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in forest species is needed to optimize forest sustainable productivity and thus to improve forest services and their capacity to act as carbon sinks. In this study, we investigated the response of an oak species to ectomycorrhizae formation using a proteomics approach complemented by biochemical analysis of carbohydrate levels. Comparative proteome analysis between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal cork oak plants revealed no differences at the foliar level. However, the protein profile of 34 unique oak proteins was altered in the roots. Consistent with the results of the biochemical analysis, the proteome analysis of the mycorrhizal roots suggests a decreasing utilization of sucrose for the metabolic activity of mycorrhizal roots which is consistent with an increased allocation of carbohydrates from the plant to the fungus in order to sustain the symbiosis. In addition, a promotion of protein unfolding mechanisms, attenuation of defense reactions, increased nutrient mobilization from the plant-fungus interface (N and P), as well as cytoskeleton rearrangements and induction of plant cell wall loosening for fungal root accommodation in colonized roots are also suggested by the results. The suggested improvement in root capacity to take up nutrients accompanied by an increase of root biomass without apparent changes in aboveground biomass strongly re-enforces the potential of mycorrhizal inoculation to improve cork oak forest resistance capacity to cope with coming climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Sebastiana
- Plant Functional Genomics Unit, Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, Lisbon University, Campo Grande, Edificio C2, piso 4, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Joana Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Republica, 2780-s157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Plant Functional Genomics Unit, Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, Lisbon University, Campo Grande, Edificio C2, piso 4, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Monteiro
- Plant Functional Genomics Unit, Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, Lisbon University, Campo Grande, Edificio C2, piso 4, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anabela Silva
- Plant Functional Genomics Unit, Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, Lisbon University, Campo Grande, Edificio C2, piso 4, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Roepstorff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Maria Salomé Pais
- Plant Functional Genomics Unit, Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, Lisbon University, Campo Grande, Edificio C2, piso 4, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Varela Coelho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Republica, 2780-s157, Oeiras, Portugal
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Zou YN, Wang P, Liu CY, Ni QD, Zhang DJ, Wu QS. Mycorrhizal trifoliate orange has greater root adaptation of morphology and phytohormones in response to drought stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41134. [PMID: 28106141 PMCID: PMC5247675 DOI: 10.1038/srep41134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant roots are the first parts of plants to face drought stress (DS), and thus root modification is important for plants to adapt to drought. We hypothesized that the roots of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants exhibit better adaptation in terms of morphology and phytohormones under DS. Trifoliate orange seedlings inoculated with Diversispora versiformis were subjected to well-watered (WW) and DS conditions for 6 weeks. AM seedlings exhibited better growth performance and significantly greater number of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order lateral roots, root length, area, average diameter, volume, tips, forks, and crossings than non-AM seedlings under both WW and DS conditions. AM fungal inoculation considerably increased root hair density under both WW and DS and root hair length under DS, while dramatically decreased root hair length under WW but there was no change in root hair diameter. AM plants had greater concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid, methyl jasmonate, nitric oxide, and calmodulin in roots, which were significantly correlated with changes in root morphology. These results support the hypothesis that AM plants show superior adaptation in root morphology under DS that is potentially associated with indole-3-acetic acid, methyl jasmonate, nitric oxide, and calmodulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ning Zou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Citrus Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318026, China
| | - Chun-Yan Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.,Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Qiu-Dan Ni
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - De-Jian Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.,Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.,Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
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25
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Wu QS, Liu CY, Zhang DJ, Zou YN, He XH, Wu QH. Mycorrhiza alters the profile of root hairs in trifoliate orange. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:237-247. [PMID: 26499883 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) coexist in root systems for nutrient and water absorption, but the relation between AM and root hairs is poorly known. A pot study was performed to evaluate the effects of four different AM fungi (AMF), namely, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Diversispora versiformis, Funneliformis mosseae, and Rhizophagus intraradices on root hair development in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings grown in sand. Mycorrhizal seedlings showed significantly higher root hair density than non-mycorrhizal seedlings, irrespective of AMF species. AMF inoculation generally significantly decreased root hair length in the first- and second-order lateral roots but increased it in the third- and fourth-order lateral roots. AMF colonization induced diverse responses in root hair diameter of different order lateral roots. Considerably greater concentrations of phosphorus (P), nitric oxide (NO), glucose, sucrose, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were found in roots of AM seedlings than in non-AM seedlings. Levels of P, NO, carbohydrates, IAA, and MeJA in roots were correlated with AM formation and root hair development. These results suggest that AMF could alter the profile of root hairs in trifoliate orange through modulation of physiological activities. F. mosseae, which had the greatest positive effects, could represent an efficient AM fungus for increasing fruit yields or decreasing fertilizer inputs in citrus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Sheng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun-Yan Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Jian Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ning Zou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hua He
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Eveleigh, NSW, 2015, Australia
| | - Qing-Hua Wu
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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26
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Nath M, Bhatt D, Prasad R, Gill SS, Anjum NA, Tuteja N. Reactive Oxygen Species Generation-Scavenging and Signaling during Plant-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Piriformospora indica Interaction under Stress Condition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1574. [PMID: 27818671 PMCID: PMC5073151 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A defined balance between the generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential to utilize ROS as an adaptive defense response of plants under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Moreover, ROS are not only a major determinant of stress response but also act as signaling molecule that regulates various cellular processes including plant-microbe interaction. In particular, rhizosphere constitutes the biologically dynamic zone for plant-microbe interactions which forms a mutual link leading to reciprocal signaling in both the partners. Among plant-microbe interactions, symbiotic associations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and arbuscular mycorrhizal-like fungus especially Piriformospora indica with plants are well known to improve plant growth by alleviating the stress-impacts and consequently enhance the plant fitness. AMF and P. indica colonization mainly enhances ROS-metabolism, maintains ROS-homeostasis, and thereby averts higher ROS-level accrued inhibition in plant cellular processes and plant growth and survival under stressful environments. This article summarizes the major outcomes of the recent reports on the ROS-generation, scavenging and signaling in biotic-abiotic stressed plants with AMF and P. indica colonization. Overall, a detailed exploration of ROS-signature kinetics during plant-AMF/P. indica interaction can help in designing innovative strategies for improving plant health and productivity under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Nath
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar PradeshNoida, India
- *Correspondence: Manoj Nath, Narendra Tuteja,
| | - Deepesh Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Shree Ramkrishna Institute of Computer Education and Applied Sciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat UniversitySurat, India
| | - Ram Prasad
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar PradeshNoida, India
| | - Sarvajeet S. Gill
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtak, India
| | - Naser A. Anjum
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of AveiroAveiro, Portugal
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar PradeshNoida, India
- *Correspondence: Manoj Nath, Narendra Tuteja,
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27
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Hichri I, Boscari A, Meilhoc E, Catalá M, Barreno E, Bruand C, Lanfranco L, Brouquisse R. Nitric Oxide: A Multitask Player in Plant–Microorganism Symbioses. GASOTRANSMITTERS IN PLANTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40713-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Mechri B, Tekaya M, Cheheb H, Attia F, Hammami M. Accumulation of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in olive tree roots in response to mycorrhizal colonization: A possible mechanism for regulation of defense molecules. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 185:40-3. [PMID: 26276403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus promotes plant growth and can alter the production of primary and secondary metabolites. The aim of this work was to determine the influence of AM fungi colonization on the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and soluble carbohydrates in olive (Olea europaea L.) tree roots. The results revealed that mycorrhizal plants had a higher content of flavonoids and total phenols. Analysis of sugar contents showed enhanced levels of sucrose and fructose in mycorrhizal roots, while glucose amounts stayed constant. The DPPH radical-scavenging activity of the mycorrhizal root methanolic extracts was higher than that of the non- mycorrhizal root methanolic extracts. These results indicated that olive tree roots contain significant amounts of phenolic compounds, important factors for antioxidant capacity, which can be substantially modified by colonization of olive trees with AM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beligh Mechri
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, USCR Spectrométrie de Masse, LR-NAFS/LR12ES05 Nutrition-aliments fonctionnels et santé vasculaire, Faculté de Médecine, université de Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Meriem Tekaya
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, USCR Spectrométrie de Masse, LR-NAFS/LR12ES05 Nutrition-aliments fonctionnels et santé vasculaire, Faculté de Médecine, université de Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hechmi Cheheb
- Institut de l'Olivier,Unité Spécialisée de Sousse, Rue Ibn Khaldoun, B.P.: 14, 4061 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Faouzi Attia
- Equipe Recherches Agronomiques, Agronutrition, 3 avenue de l'Orchidée, Parc Activestre, Carbonne 31390, France
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, USCR Spectrométrie de Masse, LR-NAFS/LR12ES05 Nutrition-aliments fonctionnels et santé vasculaire, Faculté de Médecine, université de Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
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29
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Jeffery Daim LD, Ooi TEK, Ithnin N, Mohd Yusof H, Kulaveerasingam H, Abdul Majid N, Karsani SA. Comparative proteomic analysis of oil palm leaves infected with Ganoderma boninense revealed changes in proteins involved in photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and immunity and defense. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1699-710. [PMID: 25930948 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The basidiomycete fungal pathogen Ganoderma boninense is the causative agent for the incurable basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm. This disease causes significant annual crop losses in the oil palm industry. Currently, there is no effective method for disease control and elimination, nor is any molecular marker for early detection of the disease available. An understanding of how BSR affects protein expression in plants may help identify and/or assist in the development of an early detection protocol. Although the mode of infection of BSR disease is primarily via the root system, defense-related genes have been shown to be expressed in both the root and leafs. Thus, to provide an insight into the changes in the global protein expression profile in infected plants, comparative 2DE was performed on leaf tissues sampled from palms with and without artificial inoculation of the Ganoderma fungus. Comparative 2DE revealed that 54 protein spots changed in abundance. A total of 51 protein spots were successfully identified by LC-QTOF MS/MS. The majority of these proteins were those involved in photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism as well as immunity and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Daniela Jeffery Daim
- Integrative and Applied Biology Department, Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tony Eng Keong Ooi
- Integrative and Applied Biology Department, Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nalisha Ithnin
- Integrative and Applied Biology Department, Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hirzun Mohd Yusof
- Integrative and Applied Biology Department, Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Harikrishna Kulaveerasingam
- Integrative and Applied Biology Department, Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazia Abdul Majid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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30
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Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Functions of Nitric Oxide (NO) in Roots during Development and under Adverse Stress Conditions. PLANTS 2015; 4:240-52. [PMID: 27135326 PMCID: PMC4844326 DOI: 10.3390/plants4020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The free radical molecule, nitric oxide (NO), is present in the principal organs of plants, where it plays an important role in a wide range of physiological functions. Root growth and development are highly regulated by both internal and external factors such as nutrient availability, hormones, pattern formation, cell polarity and cell cycle control. The presence of NO in roots has opened up new areas of research on the role of NO, including root architecture, nutrient acquisition, microorganism interactions and the response mechanisms to adverse environmental conditions, among others. Additionally, the exogenous application of NO throughout the roots has the potential to counteract specific damages caused by certain stresses. This review aims to provide an up-to-date perspective on NO functions in the roots of higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Apartado 419, E-18080 Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Jaén, Campus "Las Lagunillas", E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
- Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
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31
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Hichri I, Boscari A, Castella C, Rovere M, Puppo A, Brouquisse R. Nitric oxide: a multifaceted regulator of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2877-87. [PMID: 25732535 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The specific interaction between legumes and Rhizobium-type bacteria leads to the establishment of a symbiotic relationship characterized by the formation of new differentiated organs named nodules, which provide a niche for bacterial nitrogen (N2) fixation. In the nodules, bacteria differentiate into bacteroids with the ability to fix atmospheric N2 via nitrogenase activity. As nitrogenase is strongly inhibited by oxygen, N2 fixation is made possible by the microaerophilic conditions prevailing in the nodules. Increasing evidence has shown the presence of NO during symbiosis, from early interaction steps between the plant and the bacterial partners to N2-fixing and senescence steps in mature nodules. Both the plant and the bacterial partners participate in NO synthesis. NO was found to be required for the optimal establishment of the symbiotic interaction. Transcriptomic analysis at an early stage of the symbiosis showed that NO is potentially involved in the repression of plant defence reactions, favouring the establishment of the plant-microbe interaction. In mature nodules, NO was shown to inhibit N2 fixation, but it was also demonstrated to have a regulatory role in nitrogen metabolism, to play a beneficial metabolic function for the maintenance of the energy status under hypoxic conditions, and to trigger nodule senescence. The present review provides an overview of NO sources and multifaceted effects from the early steps of the interaction to the senescence of the nodule, and presents several approaches which appear to be particularly promising in deciphering the roles of NO in N2-fixing symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imène Hichri
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Boscari
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
| | - Claude Castella
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
| | - Martina Rovere
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
| | - Alain Puppo
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
| | - Renaud Brouquisse
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
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32
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Espinosa F, Garrido I, Álvarez-Tinaut MC. Reflexions on some aspects of the interactions among ROS, RNS, and Ca(2+) in response to a mycorrhizal or a pathogenic fungus. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1049789. [PMID: 26366845 PMCID: PMC4883917 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1049789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In vivo redox activities in the apoplast of axenically cultured intact seedling roots (superoxide anion generation, and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities) in contact with the compatible arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) were clearly attenuated in comparison with those in contact with the pathogenic fungus (PF) or treated with MeJA, even at the early stages of treatment. Contact of roots with the AMF did not enhance the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds (total phenolics, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoid glycosides), while contact with the PF significantly enhanced the biosynthesis of all phenolic fractions. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species both seemed to be involved in these responses from the first moments of contact, but the fluorescence imaging of roots showed that ROS were mainly accumulated in the apoplast while NO was mainly stored in the cytosol. In conclusion, intact olive seedling roots clearly differentiated between AMF and PF.
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