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Yang Y, Wu H, Zeng Y, Xu F, Zhao S, Zhang L, An Z, Li H, Li J, Song J, Wu W. Short-term exposure to air pollution on peripheral white blood cells and inflammation biomarkers: a cross-sectional study on rural residents. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1702. [PMID: 38926692 PMCID: PMC11201365 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Effects of short-term exposure to ambient air pollution on systemic immunological and inflammatory biomarkers in rural population have not been adequately characterized. From May to July 2021, 5816 participants in rural villages of northern Henan Province, China, participated in this cross-sectional study. Blood biomarkers of systemic inflammation were determined including peripheral white blood cells (WBC), eosinophils (EOS), basophils (BAS), monocytes (MON), lymphocytes (LYM), neutrophils (NEU), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), PM10, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) were assessed up to 7 days prior to the blood draw. A generalized linear model was used to analyze the associations between air pollution exposure and the above-mentioned blood biomarkers. Significantly positive associations were revealed between PM2.5, CO and WBC; CO, O3 and LYM; PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO and NEU; PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO and NLR; PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and hs-CRP. Meanwhile, negative associations were found between SO2 and WBC; PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO, or O3 and EOS; PM2.5, SO2, or CO and BAS; SO2, NO2 or O3 and MON; PM2.5, PM10, SO2, or NO2 and LYM. Moreover, men, individuals with normal body mass index (BMI), current smokers, and those older than 60 years were found vulnerable to air pollution effects. Taken together, short-term exposure to air pollution was associated with systemic inflammatory responses, providing insight into the potential mechanisms for air pollution-induced detrimental systemic effects in rural residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Yang
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuling Zeng
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuaiqi Zhao
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhen An
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jie Song
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China.
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China.
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Vitucci ECM, Simmons AE, Martin EM, McCullough SD. Epithelial MAPK signaling directs endothelial NRF2 signaling and IL-8 secretion in a tri-culture model of the alveolar-microvascular interface following diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) exposure. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:15. [PMID: 38468337 PMCID: PMC10926573 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) deposition in the lung's alveolar capillary region (ACR) is significantly associated with respiratory disease development, yet the molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Adverse responses that promote respiratory disease development involve orchestrated, intercellular signaling between multiple cell types within the ACR. We investigated the molecular mechanisms elicited in response to PM2.5 deposition in the ACR, in an in vitro model that enables intercellular communication between multiple resident cell types of the ACR. METHODS An in vitro, tri-culture model of the ACR, incorporating alveolar-like epithelial cells (NCI-H441), pulmonary fibroblasts (IMR90), and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HULEC) was developed to investigate cell type-specific molecular responses to a PM2.5 exposure in an in-vivo-like model. This tri-culture in vitro model was termed the alveolar capillary region exposure (ACRE) model. Alveolar epithelial cells in the ACRE model were exposed to a suspension of diesel exhaust particulates (DEP) (20 µg/cm2) with an average diameter of 2.5 µm. Alveolar epithelial barrier formation, and transcriptional and protein expression alterations in the directly exposed alveolar epithelial and the underlying endothelial cells were investigated over a 24 h DEP exposure. RESULTS Alveolar epithelial barrier formation was not perturbed by the 24 h DEP exposure. Despite no alteration in barrier formation, we demonstrate that alveolar epithelial DEP exposure induces transcriptional and protein changes in both the alveolar epithelial cells and the underlying microvascular endothelial cells. Specifically, we show that the underlying microvascular endothelial cells develop redox dysfunction and increase proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that alveolar epithelial MAPK signaling modulates the activation of NRF2 and IL-8 secretion in the underlying microvascular endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial redox dysfunction and increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion are two common events in respiratory disease development. These findings highlight new, cell-type specific roles of the alveolar epithelium and microvascular endothelium in the ACR in respiratory disease development following PM2.5 exposure. Ultimately, these data expand our current understanding of respiratory disease development following particle exposures and illustrate the utility of multicellular in vitro systems for investigating respiratory tract health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C M Vitucci
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alysha E Simmons
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Martin
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shaun D McCullough
- Exposure and Protection, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Durham, NC, USA.
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Qasim S, Khan YH, Uttra AM, Alotaibi NH, Alanazi AS, Alzarea AI, Alatawi AD, Mallhi TH. Appraisal of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of ramipril against Freund's adjuvant-provoked arthritic rat model. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:3115-3125. [PMID: 37543980 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Because of evident role of renin-angiotensin system in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis, the current study's objective was to assess the anti-arthritic efficacy of ramipril through CFA-instigated arthritic model. The drug has been shown to have anti-inflammatory potential. CFA-instigated arthritic model assessed the anti-arthritic efficacy of ramipril by estimating different parameters, including paw volume, arthritic index scoring, haematological and biochemical attributes, histological and radiographic analyses, and various cytokines level. Ramipril significantly (p < 0.001) reduced paw volume and the arthritic index especially at the dose of 4mg/kg. The biochemical and haematological changes were likewise restored to normal by ramipril administration with an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines while reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines level. Ramipril's ability to prevent arthritis by preserving the normal architecture of arthritis-induced joints is further supported by radiographic and histological investigation. The study's findings demonstrated ramipril's considerable anti-arthritic activity. To identify the precise mechanism of action, however, thorough mechanistic studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Qasim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yusra Habib Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ambreen Malik Uttra
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Nasser Hadal Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Salah Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz I Alzarea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed D Alatawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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He S, Klevebro S, Baldanzi G, Pershagen G, Lundberg B, Eneroth K, Hedman AM, Andolf E, Almqvist C, Bottai M, Melén E, Gruzieva O. Ambient air pollution and inflammation-related proteins during early childhood. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114364. [PMID: 36126692 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Experimental studies show that short-term exposure to air pollution may alter cytokine concentrations. There is, however, a lack of epidemiological studies evaluating the association between long-term air pollution exposure and inflammation-related proteins in young children. Our objective was to examine whether air pollution exposure is associated with inflammation-related proteins during the first 2 years of life. METHODS In a pooled analysis of two birth cohorts from Stockholm County (n = 158), plasma levels of 92 systemic inflammation-related proteins were measured by Olink Proseek Multiplex Inflammation panel at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years of age. Time-weighted average exposure to particles with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 μm (PM10), <2.5 μm (PM2.5), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at residential addresses from birth and onwards was estimated via validated dispersion models. Stratified by sex, longitudinal cross-referenced mixed effect models were applied to estimate the overall effect of preceding air pollution exposure on combined protein levels, "inflammatory proteome", over the first 2 years of life, followed by cross-sectional protein-specific bootstrapped quantile regression analysis. RESULTS We identified significant longitudinal associations of inflammatory proteome during the first 2 years of life with preceding PM2.5 exposure, while consistent associations with PM10 and NO2 across ages were only observed among girls. Subsequent protein-specific analyses revealed significant associations of PM10 exposure with an increase in IFN-gamma and IL-12B in boys, and a decrease in IL-8 in girls at different percentiles of proteins levels, at age 6 months. Several inflammation-related proteins were also significantly associated with preceding PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 exposures, at ages 1 and 2 years, in a sex-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS Ambient air pollution exposure influences inflammation-related protein levels already during early childhood. Our results also suggest age- and sex-specific differences in the impact of air pollution on children's inflammatory profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen He
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Susanna Klevebro
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Baldanzi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Lundberg
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Eneroth
- Environment and Health Administration, SLB-analys, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna M Hedman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellika Andolf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bottai
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Melén
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olena Gruzieva
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Park S, Jo JH, Kim YK, Park JW. Hematological biomarkers of systemic inflammation in genuine (physiologic and pathologic) halitosis. J Breath Res 2022; 16. [PMID: 35700696 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac788d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Halitosis is an unpleasant odor discharged through the oral cavity with a prevalence as high as 30%-50% of the general population. Conventional diagnostic methods have been focused on mouth air analysis measuring the amount of sulfur compounds which does not directly reflect the cause of halitosis. Also, the possible role of halitosis as an indicator of general health status has been steadily suggested and inflammation has been constantly associated with aversive body odor. Therefore, this study aimed to search for inter-relationships between hematologic indicators, clinical characteristics, and halitosis measurement that can predict the presence of pathologic halitosis and its intensity. Furthermore, the tentative relationship between halitosis and the presence of systemic inflammation was investigated. A total of 125 patients were divided into 103 patients in the genuine halitosis group (value ⩾80 ppb) and 22 patients in the pseudo halitosis group (value <80 ppb) based on portable sulfide monitor measurements. Clinical examination and hematological indices including inflammatory prognostic factors and halitosis measurements including organoleptic testing, portable sulfide monitor, and gas chromatography were evaluated. The genuine halitosis group showed a significantly higher white blood cell (WBC) count (p< 0.01) compared to the pseudo halitosis group. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR,β= 0.341,p< 0.05) values and duration of halitosis (β= 0.353,p< 0.05) showed a significant association with halitosis intensity and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values (β= 3.859,p< 0.05) were significantly related to genuine halitosis diagnosis. A new WBC cut-off value of 5575μl-1showed near to fair discriminative power in predicting genuine halitosis (area under the curve 0.661,p< 0.05). The results of this study showing an increased WBC count in genuine halitosis and its strong association with hematologic indices of subclinical inflammation including ESR and NLR suggest inflammatory hematologic markers as potential diagnostic tools in the diagnosis of genuine halitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoeun Park
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Jo
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral Medicine, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ku Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woon Park
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral Medicine, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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Long E, Schwartz C, Carlsten C. Controlled human exposure to diesel exhaust: a method for understanding health effects of traffic-related air pollution. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:15. [PMID: 35216599 PMCID: PMC8876178 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major component of air pollution in urban centers. Controlled human exposure (CHE) experiments are commonly used to investigate the acute effects of DE inhalation specifically and also as a paradigm for investigating responses to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) more generally. Given the critical role this model plays in our understanding of TRAP's health effects mechanistically and in support of associated policy and regulation, we review the methodology of CHE to DE (CHE-DE) in detail to distill critical elements so that the results of these studies can be understood in context. From 104 eligible publications, we identified 79 CHE-DE studies and extracted information on DE generation, exposure session characteristics, pollutant and particulate composition of exposures, and participant demographics. Virtually all studies had a crossover design, and most studies involved a single DE exposure per participant. Exposure sessions were typically 1 or 2 h in duration, with participants alternating between exercise and rest. Most CHE-DE targeted a PM concentration of 300 μg/m3. There was a wide range in commonly measured co-pollutants including nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and total organic compounds. Reporting of detailed parameters of aerosol composition, including particle diameter, was inconsistent between studies, and older studies from a given lab were often cited in lieu of repeating measurements for new experiments. There was a male predominance in participants, and over half of studies involved healthy participants only. Other populations studied include those with asthma, atopy, or metabolic syndrome. Standardization in reporting exposure conditions, potentially using current versions of engines with modern emissions control technology, will allow for more valid comparisons between studies of CHE-DE, while recognizing that diesel engines in much of the world remain old and heterogeneous. Inclusion of female participants as well as populations more susceptible to TRAP will broaden the applicability of results from CHE-DE studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Long
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317 - 2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Carley Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street 7th Floor, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street 7th Floor, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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Long E, Carlsten C. Controlled human exposure to diesel exhaust: results illuminate health effects of traffic-related air pollution and inform future directions. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:11. [PMID: 35139881 PMCID: PMC8827176 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is an issue of increasing interest due to its globally relevant impacts on morbidity and mortality. Controlled human exposure (CHE) studies are often employed to investigate the impacts of pollution on human health, with diesel exhaust (DE) commonly used as a surrogate of traffic related air pollution (TRAP). This paper will review the results derived from 104 publications of CHE to DE (CHE-DE) with respect to health outcomes. CHE-DE studies have provided mechanistic evidence supporting TRAP’s detrimental effects on related to the cardiovascular system (e.g., vasomotor dysfunction, inhibition of fibrinolysis, and impaired cardiac function) and respiratory system (e.g., airway inflammation, increased airway responsiveness, and clinical symptoms of asthma). Oxidative stress is thought to be the primary mechanism of TRAP-induced effects and has been supported by several CHE-DE studies. A historical limitation of some air pollution research is consideration of TRAP (or its components) in isolation, limiting insight into the interactions between TRAP and other environmental factors often encountered in tandem. CHE-DE studies can help to shed light on complex conditions, and several have included co-exposure to common elements such as allergens, ozone, and activity level. The ability of filters to mitigate the adverse effects of DE, by limiting exposure to the particulate fraction of polluted aerosols, has also been examined. While various biomarkers of DE exposure have been evaluated in CHE-DE studies, a definitive such endpoint has yet to be identified. In spite of the above advantages, this paradigm for TRAP is constrained to acute exposures and can only be indirectly applied to chronic exposures, despite the critical real-world impact of living long-term with TRAP. Those with significant medical conditions are often excluded from CHE-DE studies and so results derived from healthy individuals may not apply to more susceptible populations whose further study is needed to avoid potentially misleading conclusions. In spite of limitations, the contributions of CHE-DE studies have greatly advanced current understanding of the health impacts associated with TRAP exposure, especially regarding mechanisms therein, with important implications for regulation and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Long
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317 - 2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street 7th Floor, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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Prakoso YA, Hidayah N, Rini CS, Kurniasih K. Dynamic change of blood profile in rat models with acute skin injury artificially infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Vet World 2021; 14:2085-2090. [PMID: 34566324 PMCID: PMC8448642 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2085-2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: A wound is a common problem for humans and animals. The wound becomes more severe if it is infected by bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The wound healing mechanism involves various factors, either in the local tissue or the bloodstream. However, the presentation of infected wound healing regarding its impacts on the dynamic change of blood profile is not clearly understood. This study aimed to explore the impacts of wound creation on the blood profile in rat models with and without being artificially infected by MRSA. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 months old; weight, 300 g) were used as the model. They were divided into three groups: Without wound creation (C), wounded without infection (CW), and wounded and artificially infected by MRSA (CWI). Groups CW and CWI were shaved and induced with 4 mm two-round full-thickness biopsy on the back. Furthermore, group CWI was artificially infected by 105 colony-forming units of MRSA. The blood samples were collected through the tail vein from days 1 to 5. The blood parameters included blood profile, total plasma protein, C-reactive protein, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, and COX-2. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 16 (SPSS, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: The result showed that the presentation of a wound with and without MRSA infection significantly changed the total erythrocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, total plasma protein, C-reactive protein, and the subset of circulatory CD4+, CD8+, and COX-2 (p≤0.05). In addition, the wound infected with MRSA impacts the mean corpuscular volume (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Moreover, the presentation of the wound with and without MRSA infection induces dynamic changes on various blood profile parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yos Adi Prakoso
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, East Java, 60225, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Hidayah
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, East Java, 60225, Indonesia
| | - Chylen Setiyo Rini
- Integrated Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, East Java 61262, Indonesia
| | - Kurniasih Kurniasih
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Cerdeña JP, Plaisime MV, Tsai J. Race-conscious medicine: a response to critique. Intern Med J 2021; 51:1369-1370. [PMID: 34423547 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P Cerdeña
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marie V Plaisime
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jennifer Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Majumder N, Goldsmith WT, Kodali VK, Velayutham M, Friend SA, Khramtsov VV, Nurkiewicz TR, Erdely A, Zeidler-Erdely PC, Castranova V, Harkema JR, Kelley EE, Hussain S. Oxidant-induced epithelial alarmin pathway mediates lung inflammation and functional decline following ultrafine carbon and ozone inhalation co-exposure. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102092. [PMID: 34418598 PMCID: PMC8385153 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental inhalation exposures are inherently mixed (gases and particles), yet regulations are still based on single toxicant exposures. While the impacts of individual components of environmental pollution have received substantial attention, the impact of inhalation co-exposures is poorly understood. Here, we mechanistically investigated pulmonary inflammation and lung function decline after inhalation co-exposure and individual exposures to ozone (O3) and ultrafine carbon black (CB). Environmentally/occupationally relevant lung deposition levels in mice were achieved after inhalation of stable aerosols with similar aerodynamic and mass median distributions. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy detected increased surface oxygen contents on particles in co-exposure aerosols. Compared with individual exposures, co-exposure aerosols produced greater acellular and cellular oxidants detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and in vivo immune-spin trapping (IST), as well as synergistically increased lavage neutrophils, lavage proteins and inflammation related gene/protein expression. Co-exposure induced a significantly greater respiratory function decline compared to individual exposure. A synthetic catalase-superoxide dismutase mimetic (EUK-134) significantly blunted lung inflammation and respiratory function decline confirming the role of oxidant imbalance. We identified a significant induction of epithelial alarmin (thymic stromal lymphopoietin-TSLP)-dependent interleukin-13 pathway after co-exposure, associated with increased mucin and interferon gene expression. We provided evidence of interactive outcomes after air pollution constituent co-exposure and identified a key mechanistic pathway that can potentially explain epidemiological observation of lung function decline after an acute peak of air pollution. Developing and studying the co-exposure scenario in a standardized and controlled fashion will enable a better mechanistic understanding of how environmental exposures result in adverse outcomes. Interaction with O3 mediates free radical production on the surface of carbon black (CB) particles. Oxidants mediate co-exposure (CB + O3)-induced lung function decline. EUK-134 (a synthetic superoxide-catalase mimetic) abrogates CB + O3-induced lung inflammation. CB + O3 co-exposure induces greater lung inflammation than individual exposures. Epithelial alarmin (TSLP) contributes significantly to the CB + O3 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nairrita Majumder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA; Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA
| | - William T Goldsmith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA; Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA
| | - Vamsi K Kodali
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA; Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, USA
| | | | - Sherri A Friend
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, USA
| | - Valery V Khramtsov
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA
| | - Timothy R Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA; Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA
| | - Aaron Erdely
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA; Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, USA
| | - Patti C Zeidler-Erdely
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA; Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, USA
| | - Vince Castranova
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA
| | - Jack R Harkema
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, School of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA; Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA
| | - Salik Hussain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA; Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA.
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11
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Hung SC, Cheng HY, Yang CC, Lin CI, Ho CK, Lee WH, Cheng FJ, Li CJ, Chuang HY. The Association of White Blood Cells and Air Pollutants-A Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052370. [PMID: 33804362 PMCID: PMC7957746 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The links of air pollutants to health hazards have been revealed in literature and inflammation responses might play key roles in the processes of diseases. WBC count is one of the indexes of inflammation, however the l iterature reveals inconsistent opinions on the relationship between WBC counts and exposure to air pollutants. The goal of this population-based observational study was to examine the associations between multiple air pollutants and WBC counts. This study recruited community subjects from Kaohsiung city. WBC count, demographic and health hazard habit data were collected. Meanwhile, air pollutants data (SO2, NO2, CO, PM10, and O3) were also obtained. Both datasets were merged for statistical analysis. Single- and multiple-pollutants models were adopted for the analysis. A total of 10,140 adults (43.2% males; age range, 33~86 years old) were recruited. Effects of short-term ambient concentrations (within one week) of CO could increase counts of WBC, neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. However, SO2 could decrease counts of WBC, neutrophils, and monocytes. Gender, BMI, and smoking could also contribute to WBC count increases, though their effects are minor when compared to CO. Air pollutants, particularly SO2, NO2 and CO, may thus be related to alterations of WBC counts, and this would imply air pollution has an impact on human systematic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chiang Hung
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-K.H.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; (W.-H.L.); (F.-J.C.); (C.-J.L.)
| | - Hsiao-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-K.H.)
| | - Chen-Cheng Yang
- Departments of Occupational Medicine and Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-I Lin
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Kung Ho
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-K.H.)
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huei Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; (W.-H.L.); (F.-J.C.); (C.-J.L.)
| | - Fu-Jen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; (W.-H.L.); (F.-J.C.); (C.-J.L.)
| | - Chao-Jui Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; (W.-H.L.); (F.-J.C.); (C.-J.L.)
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, and Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7312-1101
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12
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Liu W, Huang J, Lin Y, Cai C, Zhao Y, Teng Y, Mo J, Xue L, Liu L, Xu W, Guo X, Zhang Y, Zhang JJ. Negative ions offset cardiorespiratory benefits of PM 2.5 reduction from residential use of negative ion air purifiers. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:220-228. [PMID: 32757287 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Negative ion air purifiers (NIAPs), as a less costly alternative to the HEPA filtration, have been increasingly deployed in China and potentially elsewhere. While reducing indoor concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ), NIAPs generate massive amounts of negative ions that may be of health concern. We performed week-long interventions with NIAPs in the dormitories of 56 healthy college students living in Beijing. In a randomized order, each student underwent a true and a sham NIAP session. Cardiorespiratory outcomes were measured before and after each session. The use of true NIAPs reduced indoor PM2.5 concentrations significantly, while notably increased negative ion levels. Increases in PM2.5 and negative ion (NI) exposure were independently associated with increased urinary concentration of malondialdehyde, a biomarker of systemic oxidative stress, resulting in a null net effect of NIAP on malondialdehyde. Likewise, no significant net effects of NIAPs were observed for other outcomes indicative of lung function, vascular tone, arterial stiffness, and inflammation. Our findings suggest that negative ions, possibly along with their reaction products with the room air constituents, adversely affect health. The downsides do not support the use of NIAPs as a health-based mitigation strategy to reduce PM2.5 exposure, especially in residences with PM2.5 concentrations that are not extremely high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Global Health Institute & Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chaorui Cai
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jinhan Mo
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Xue
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Building Environment and Energy, China Academy of Building Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Global Health Institute & Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
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13
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Davis MD, Winters BR, Madden MC, Pleil JD, Sessler CN, Wallace MAG, Ward-Caviness CK, Montpetit AJ. Exhaled breath condensate biomarkers in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients. J Breath Res 2020; 15:016011. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abc235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Ghio AJ, Gonzalez DH, Paulson SE, Soukup JM, Dailey LA, Madden MC, Mahler B, Elmore SA, Schladweiler MC, Kodavanti UP. Ozone Reacts With Carbon Black to Produce a Fulvic Acid-Like Substance and Increase an Inflammatory Effect. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:887-898. [PMID: 32975498 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320961017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient ozone has been associated with increased human mortality. Ozone exposure can introduce oxygen-containing functional groups in particulate matter (PM) effecting a greater capacity of the particle for metal complexation and inflammatory effect. We tested the postulate that (1) a fulvic acid-like substance can be produced through a reaction of a carbonaceous particle with high concentrations of ozone and (2) such a fulvic acid-like substance included in the PM can initiate inflammatory effects following exposure of respiratory epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells and an animal model (male Wistar Kyoto rats). Carbon black (CB) was exposed for 72 hours to either filtered air (CB-Air) or approximately 100 ppm ozone (CB-O3). Carbon black exposure to high levels of ozone produced water-soluble, fluorescent organic material. Iron import by BEAS-2B cells at 4 and 24 hours was not induced by incubations with CB-Air but was increased following coexposures of CB-O3 with ferric ammonium citrate. In contrast to CB-Air, exposure of BEAS-2B cells and rats to CB-O3 for 24 hours increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lung injury, respectively. It is concluded that inflammatory effects of carbonaceous particles on cells can potentially result from (1) an inclusion of a fulvic acid-like substance after reaction with ozone and (2) changes in iron homeostasis following such exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ghio
- 138030US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David H Gonzalez
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 8783University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne E Paulson
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 8783University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joleen M Soukup
- 138030US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- 138030US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Michael C Madden
- 138030US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Beth Mahler
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Susan A Elmore
- National Toxicology Program, 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- 138030US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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15
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Miller MR, Poland CA. Nanotoxicology: The Need for a Human Touch? SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001516. [PMID: 32697439 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-expanding number of manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) under development there is a vital need for nanotoxicology studies that test the potential for MNMs to cause harm to health. An extensive body of work in cell cultures and animal models is vital to understanding the physicochemical characteristics of MNMs and the biological mechanisms that underlie any detrimental actions to cells and organs. In human subjects, exposure monitoring is combined with measurement of selected health parameters in small panel studies, especially in occupational settings. However, the availability of further in vivo human data would greatly assist the risk assessment of MNMs. Here, the potential for controlled inhalation exposures of MNMs in human subjects is discussed. Controlled exposures to carbon, gold, aluminum, and zinc nanoparticles in humans have already set a precedence to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. These studies have provided considerable insight into the potential (or not) of nanoparticles to induce inflammation, alter lung function, affect the vasculature, reach the systemic circulation, and accumulate in other organs. The need for further controlled exposures of MNMs in human volunteers - to establish no-effect limits, biological mechanisms, and provide vital data for the risk assessment of MNMs - is advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Miller
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Craig A Poland
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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16
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Bozack AK, Domingo-Relloso A, Haack K, Gamble MV, Tellez-Plaza M, Umans JG, Best LG, Yracheta J, Gribble MO, Cardenas A, Francesconi KA, Goessler W, Tang WY, Fallin MD, Cole SA, Navas-Acien A. Locus-Specific Differential DNA Methylation and Urinary Arsenic: An Epigenome-Wide Association Study in Blood among Adults with Low-to-Moderate Arsenic Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:67015. [PMID: 32603190 PMCID: PMC7534587 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to arsenic (As), a human toxicant and carcinogen, remains a global public health problem. Health risks persist after As exposure has ended, suggesting epigenetic dysregulation as a mechanistic link between exposure and health outcomes. OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between total urinary As and locus-specific DNA methylation in the Strong Heart Study, a cohort of American Indian adults with low-to-moderate As exposure [total urinary As, mean ( ± SD ) μ g / g creatinine: 11.7 (10.6)]. METHODS DNA methylation was measured in 2,325 participants using the Illumina MethylationEPIC array. We implemented linear models to test differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and the DMRcate method to identify regions (DMRs) and conducted gene ontology enrichment analysis. Models were adjusted for estimated cell type proportions, age, sex, body mass index, smoking, education, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and study center. Arsenic was measured in urine as the sum of inorganic and methylated species. RESULTS In adjusted models, methylation at 20 CpGs was associated with urinary As after false discovery rate (FDR) correction (FDR < 0.05 ). After Bonferroni correction, 5 CpGs remained associated with total urinary As (p Bonferroni < 0.05 ), located in SLC7A11, ANKS3, LINGO3, CSNK1D, ADAMTSL4. We identified one DMR on chromosome 11 (chr11:2,322,050-2,323,247), annotated to C11orf2; TSPAN32 genes. DISCUSSION This is one of the first epigenome-wide association studies to investigate As exposure and locus-specific DNA methylation using the Illumina MethylationEPIC array and the largest epigenome-wide study of As exposure. The top DMP was located in SLC7A11A, a gene involved in cystine/glutamate transport and the biosynthesis of glutathione, an antioxidant that may protect against As-induced oxidative stress. Additional DMPs were located in genes associated with tumor development and glucose metabolism. Further research is needed, including research in more diverse populations, to investigate whether As-related DNA methylation signatures are associated with gene expression or may serve as biomarkers of disease development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6263.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Bozack
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arce Domingo-Relloso
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karin Haack
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mary V Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason G Umans
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Georgetown/Howard Universities, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lyle G Best
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research, Eagle Butte, South Dakota, USA
| | - Joseph Yracheta
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research, Eagle Butte, South Dakota, USA
| | - Matthew O Gribble
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkley, California, USA
| | | | | | - Wan-Yee Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - M Daniele Fallin
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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17
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Ghio AJ, Soukup JM, Dailey LA, Madden MC. Air pollutants disrupt iron homeostasis to impact oxidant generation, biological effects, and tissue injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 151:38-55. [PMID: 32092410 PMCID: PMC8274387 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants cause changes in iron homeostasis through: 1) a capacity of the pollutant, or a metabolite(s), to complex/chelate iron from pivotal sites in the cell or 2) an ability of the pollutant to displace iron from pivotal sites in the cell. Through either pathway of disruption in iron homeostasis, metal previously employed in essential cell processes is sequestered after air pollutant exposure. An absolute or functional cell iron deficiency results. If enough iron is lost or is otherwise not available within the cell, cell death ensues. However, prior to death, exposed cells will attempt to reverse the loss of requisite metal. This response of the cell includes increased expression of metal importers (e.g. divalent metal transporter 1). Oxidant generation after exposure to air pollutants includes superoxide production which functions in ferrireduction necessary for cell iron import. Activation of kinases and phosphatases and transcription factors and increased release of pro-inflammatory mediators also result from a cell iron deficiency, absolute or functional, after exposure to air pollutants. Finally, air pollutant exposure culminates in the development of inflammation and fibrosis which is a tissue response to the iron deficiency challenging cell survival. Following the response of increased expression of importers and ferrireduction, activation of kinases and phosphatases and transcription factors, release of pro-inflammatory mediators, and inflammation and fibrosis, cell iron is altered, and a new metal homeostasis is established. This new metal homeostasis includes increased total iron concentrations in cells with metal now at levels sufficient to meet requirements for continued function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ghio
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Joleen M Soukup
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael C Madden
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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18
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Wooding DJ, Ryu MH, Hüls A, Lee AD, Lin DTS, Rider CF, Yuen ACY, Carlsten C. Particle Depletion Does Not Remediate Acute Effects of Traffic-related Air Pollution and Allergen. A Randomized, Double-Blind Crossover Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:565-574. [PMID: 30974969 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201809-1657oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Diesel exhaust (DE), an established model of traffic-related air pollution, contributes significantly to the global burden of asthma and may augment the effects of allergen inhalation. Newer diesel particulate-filtering technologies may increase NO2 emissions, raising questions regarding their effectiveness in reducing harm from associated engine output.Objectives: To assess the effects of DE and allergen coexposure on lung function, airway responsiveness, and circulating leukocytes, and determine whether DE particle depletion remediates these effects.Methods: In this randomized, double-blind crossover study, 14 allergen-sensitized participants (9 with airway hyperresponsiveness) underwent inhaled allergen challenge after 2-hour exposures to DE, particle-depleted DE (PDDE), or filtered air. The control condition was inhaled saline after filtered air. Blood sampling and spirometry were performed before and up to 48 hours after exposures. Airway responsiveness was evaluated at 24 hours.Measurements and Main Results: PDDE plus allergen coexposure impaired lung function more than DE plus allergen, particularly in those genetically at risk. DE plus allergen and PDDE plus allergen each increased airway responsiveness in normally responsive participants. DE plus allergen increased blood neutrophils and was associated with persistent eosinophilia at 48 hours. DE and PDDE each increased total peripheral leukocyte counts in a manner affected by participant genotypes. Changes in peripheral leukocytes correlated with lung function decline.Conclusions: Coexposure to DE and allergen impaired lung function, which was worse after particle depletion (which increased NO2). Thus, particulates are not necessarily the sole or main culprit responsible for all harmful effects of DE. Policies and technologies aimed at protecting public health should be scrutinized in that regard.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02017431).
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise J Wooding
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Min Hyung Ryu
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Anke Hüls
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew D Lee
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - David T S Lin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher F Rider
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Agnes C Y Yuen
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Chris Carlsten
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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19
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Fakhoury M, Salman I, Najjar W, Merhej G, Lawand N. The Lateral Hypothalamus: An Uncharted Territory for Processing Peripheral Neurogenic Inflammation. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:101. [PMID: 32116534 PMCID: PMC7029733 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of the hypothalamus and particularly the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in the regulation of inflammation and pain have been widely studied. The LH consists of a parasympathetic area that has connections with all the major parts of the brain. It controls the autonomic nervous system (ANS), regulates feeding behavior and wakeful cycles, and is a part of the reward system. In addition, it contains different types of neurons, most importantly the orexin neurons. These neurons, though few in number, perform critical functions such as inhibiting pain transmission and interfering with the reward system, feeding behavior and the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA). Recent evidence has identified a new role for orexin neurons in the modulation of pain transmission associated with several inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. Here, we review recent findings on the various physiological functions of the LH with special emphasis on the orexin/receptor system and its role in mediating inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fakhoury
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Israa Salman
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Najjar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George Merhej
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada Lawand
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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20
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Henriquez AR, Snow SJ, Schladweiler MC, Miller CN, Dye JA, Ledbetter AD, Hargrove MM, Richards JE, Kodavanti UP. Exacerbation of ozone-induced pulmonary and systemic effects by β 2-adrenergic and/or glucocorticoid receptor agonist/s. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17925. [PMID: 31784596 PMCID: PMC6884479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonists of β2 adrenergic receptors (β2AR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) are prescribed to treat pulmonary diseases. Since ozone effects are mediated through the activation of AR and GR, we hypothesized that the treatment of rats with relevant therapeutic doses of long acting β2AR agonist (LABA; clenbuterol; CLEN) and/or GR agonist (dexamethasone; DEX) would exacerbate ozone-induced pulmonary and systemic changes. In the first study, male 12-week-old Wistar-Kyoto rats were injected intraperitoneally with vehicle (saline), CLEN (0.004 or 0.02 mg/kg), or DEX (0.02 or 0.1 mg/kg). Since dual therapy is commonly used, in the second study, rats received either saline or combined CLEN + DEX (each at 0.005 or 0.02 mg/kg) one day prior to and on both days of exposure (air or 0.8ppm ozone, 4 hr/day x 2-days). In air-exposed rats CLEN, DEX or CLEN + DEX did not induce lung injury or inflammation, however DEX and CLEN + DEX decreased circulating lymphocytes, spleen and thymus weights, increased free fatty acids (FFA) and produced hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Ozone exposure of vehicle-treated rats increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein, albumin, neutrophils, IL-6 and TNF-α. Ozone decreased circulating lymphocytes, increased FFA, and induced hypeerglycemia and glucose intolerance. Drug treatment did not reverse ozone-induced ventillatory changes, however, lung effects (protein and albumin leakage, inflammation, and IL-6 increase) were exacerbated by CLEN and CLEN + DEX pre-treatment in a dose-dependent manner (CLEN > CLEN + DEX). Systemic effects induced by DEX and CLEN + DEX but not CLEN in air-exposed rats were analogous to and more pronounced than those induced by ozone. These data suggest that adverse air pollution effects might be exacerbated in people receiving LABA or LABA plus glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres R Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Colette N Miller
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Janice A Dye
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Allen D Ledbetter
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Marie M Hargrove
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Judy E Richards
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.
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21
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Pleil JD, Wallace MAG, McCord J, Madden MC, Sobus J, Ferguson G. How do cancer-sniffing dogs sort biological samples? Exploring case-control samples with non-targeted LC-Orbitrap, GC-MS, and immunochemistry methods. J Breath Res 2019; 14:016006. [PMID: 31505485 PMCID: PMC8649743 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab433a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early identification of disease onset is regarded as an important factor for successful medical intervention. However, cancer and other long-term latency diseases are rare and may take years to manifest clinically. As such, there are no gold standards with which to immediately validate proposed preclinical screening methodologies. There is evidence that dogs can sort samples reproducibly into yes/no categories based on case-control training, but the basis of their decisions is unknown. Because dogs are sniffing air, the distinguishing chemicals must be either in the gas-phase or attached to aerosols and/or airborne particles. Recent biomonitoring research has shown how to extract and analyze semi- and non-volatile compounds from human breath in exhaled condensates and aerosols. Further research has shown that exhaled aerosols can be directly collected on standard hospital-style olefin polypropylene masks and that these masks can be used as a simple sampling scheme for canine screening. In this article, detailed liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS) with Orbitrap instrumentation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed on two sets of masks sorted by consensus of a four-dog cohort as either cancer or control. Specifically, after sorting by the dogs, sample masks were cut into multiple sections and extracted for LC-MS and GC-MS non-targeted analyses. Extracts were also analyzed for human cytokines, confirming the presence of human aerosol content above levels in blank masks. In preliminary evaluations, 345 and 44 high quality chemical features were detected by LC-MS and GC-MS analyses, respectively. These features were used to develop provisional orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models to determine if the samples classified as cancer (case) or non-cancer (control) by the dogs could be separated into the same groups using analytical instrumentation. While the OPLS-DA model for the LC-HR-MS data was able to separate the two groups with statistical significance, although weak explanatory power, the GC-MS model was not found to be significant. These results suggest that the dogs may rely on the less volatile compounds from breath aerosol that were analyzed by LC-HR-MS than the more volatile compounds observed by GC-MS to sort mask samples into groups. These results provide justification for more expansive studies in the future that aim to characterize specific chemical features, and the role(s) of these features in maintaining homeostatic biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim D Pleil
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States of America
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22
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Piyadasa H, Hemshekhar M, Carlsten C, Mookherjee N. Inhaled Diesel Exhaust Decreases the Antimicrobial Peptides α-Defensin and S100A7 in Human Bronchial Secretions. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:1358-1361. [PMID: 29244524 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201708-1714le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher Carlsten
- 2 Canadian Respiratory Research Network Ottawa, Canada and.,3 University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada
| | - Neeloffer Mookherjee
- 1 University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Canada.,2 Canadian Respiratory Research Network Ottawa, Canada and
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23
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Andersen MHG, Frederiksen M, Saber AT, Wils RS, Fonseca AS, Koponen IK, Johannesson S, Roursgaard M, Loft S, Møller P, Vogel U. Health effects of exposure to diesel exhaust in diesel-powered trains. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:21. [PMID: 31182122 PMCID: PMC6558821 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term controlled exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) in chamber studies have shown mixed results on lung and systemic effects. There is a paucity of studies on well-characterized real-life DE exposure in humans. In the present study, 29 healthy volunteers were exposed to DE while sitting as passengers in diesel-powered trains. Exposure in electric trains was used as control scenario. Each train scenario consisted of three consecutive days (6 h/day) ending with biomarker samplings. RESULTS Combustion-derived air pollutants were considerably higher in the passenger carriages of diesel trains compared with electric trains. The concentrations of black carbon and ultrafine particles were 8.5 μg/m3 and 1.2-1.8 × 105 particles/cm3 higher, respectively, in diesel as compared to electric trains. Net increases of NOx and NO2 concentrations were 317 μg/m3 and 36 μg/m3. Exposure to DE was associated with reduced lung function and increased levels of DNA strand breaks in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), whereas there were unaltered levels of oxidatively damaged DNA, soluble cell adhesion molecules, acute phase proteins in blood and urinary excretion of metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Also the microvascular function was unaltered. An increase in the low frequency of heart rate variability measures was observed, whereas time-domain measures were unaltered. CONCLUSION Exposure to DE inside diesel-powered trains for 3 days was associated with reduced lung function and systemic effects in terms of altered heart rate variability and increased levels of DNA strand breaks in PBMCs compared with electric trains. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.Gov ( NCT03104387 ). Registered on March 23rd 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Helena Guerra Andersen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark. .,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Marie Frederiksen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anne Thoustrup Saber
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Regitze Sølling Wils
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ana Sofia Fonseca
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ismo K Koponen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sandra Johannesson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,DTU Health Tech., Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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24
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Fang Z, Huang C, Zhang JJ, Xie J, Dai S, Ge E, Xiang J, Yao H, Huang R, Bi X, Wang B, Zhong N, Lai K. Traffic-related air pollution induces non-allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation and cough hypersensitivity in guinea-pigs. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:366-377. [PMID: 30415484 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of eosinophilia-related chronic cough such as non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis and cough variant asthma are still not clear. OBJECTIVE This study is to examine the potential role of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) in eosinophilic inflammation and cough responses. METHODS Non-sensitized guinea-pigs were exposed to TRAP in an urban traffic tunnel or kept in a filtered air environment for 7 or 14 days. Reflexive cough was measured using citric acid and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) challenges, respectively. Spontaneous cough counting was determined using audio recording and a waveform analysis. Airway inflammation was evaluated using differential cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung histopathology. To further elucidate the relationship between airway inflammation and cough hypersensitivity, a subgroup of those exposed for 14 days received a dexamethasone treatment. RESULTS Compared to reflexive cough count (mean (95% confidence interval) in 10 minutes) provoked by the AITC challenge for the unexposed animals (3.1 (1.7-4.5)), those were increased significantly following both the 7-day (12.0 (6.8-17.2), P < 0.01) and the 14-day (12.0 (6.4-17.6), P < 0.01) TRAP exposure. The effect provoked by the citric acid challenge was more profound following the 14-day exposure (26.0 (19.5-32.5) vs 3.8 (1.5-6.0) for the control, P < 0.001). TRAP exposures enhanced spontaneous cough events, caused a significant increase of eosinophils and neutrophils in BALF and resulted in a dramatic eosinophilic infiltration in submucosal layer of trachea and bronchus, which can be inhibited significantly by dexamethasone treatment. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE TRAP exposures induced cough hypersensitivity and non-allergic eosinophilic inflammation of airways in guinea-pigs. This study highlights the potential mechanisms of eosinophilia-related chronic cough that can be induced by traffic-related air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Global Health Institute, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jiaxing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouhui Dai
- Equipment Public Service Center, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erjia Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongquan Huang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boguang Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kefang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Ghio AJ, Soukup JM, Madden MC. The toxicology of air pollution predicts its epidemiology. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:327-334. [PMID: 30516398 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1530316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiologic investigation has successively delineated associations of air pollution exposure with non-malignant and malignant lung disease, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, pregnancy outcomes, perinatal effects and other extra-pulmonary disease including diabetes. Defining these relationships between air pollution exposure and human health closely parallels results of an earlier epidemiologic investigation into cigarette smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), two other particle-related exposures. Humic-like substances (HULIS) have been identified as a chemical component common to cigarette smoke and air pollution particles. Toxicology studies provide evidence that a disruption of iron homeostasis with sequestration of host metal by HULIS is a fundamental mechanistic pathway through which biological effects are initiated by cigarette smoke and air pollution particles. As a result of a common chemical component and a shared mechanistic pathway, it should be possible to extrapolate from the epidemiology of cigarette smoking and ETS to predict associations of air pollution exposure with human disease, which are currently unrecognized. Accordingly, it is anticipated that the forthcoming epidemiologic investigation will demonstrate relationships of air pollution with COPD causation, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, renal disease, digestive disease, loss of bone mass/risk of fractures, dental disease, eye disease, fertility problems, and extrapulmonary malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ghio
- a The National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory , Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Joleen M Soukup
- a The National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory , Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Michael C Madden
- a The National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory , Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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26
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Rush B, Wiskar K, Fruhstorfer C, Celi LA, Walley KR. The Impact of Chronic Ozone and Particulate Air Pollution on Mortality in Patients With Sepsis Across the United States. J Intensive Care Med 2018; 35:1002-1007. [PMID: 30295138 DOI: 10.1177/0885066618804497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of chronic exposure to air pollution on mortality in patients with sepsis is unknown. We attempted to quantify the relationship between air pollution, notably excess ozone, and particulate matter (PM), with in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis nationwide. METHODS The 2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was linked with ambient air pollution data from the Environmental Protection Agency for both 8-hour ozone exposure and annual mean 2.5-micron PM (PM2.5) pollution levels. A validated severity of illness model for sepsis using administrative data was used to control for sepsis severity. RESULTS The records of 8 023 590 hospital admissions from the 2011 NIS sample were analyzed. Of these, there were 444 928 patients who met the Angus definition of sepsis, treated in hospitals for which air pollution data were available. The cohort had an overall mortality of 11.2%. After adjustment for severity of sepsis, increasing exposure to ozone pollution was associated with increased risk of mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04 for each 0.01 ppm increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.05; P < .01). Particulate matter was not associated with mortality (OR: 0.99 for each 5 µg/m3 increase, 95% CI: 0.97-1.01; P = .28). When stratified by sepsis source, ozone pollution had a higher impact on patients with pneumonia (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.08; P < .01) compared to those patients without pneumonia (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03; P < .01). CONCLUSION Exposure to increased levels of ozone but not particulate air pollution was associated with higher risk of mortality in patients with sepsis. This association was strongest in patients with pneumonia but persisted in all sources of sepsis. Further work is needed to understand the relationship between ambient ozone air pollution and sepsis outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barret Rush
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Center for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katie Wiskar
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Clark Fruhstorfer
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leo Anthony Celi
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keith R Walley
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Center for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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27
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Vilas Boas DS, Matsuda M, Toffoletto O, Garcia MLB, Saldiva PHN, Marquezini MV. Workers of São Paulo city, Brazil, exposed to air pollution: Assessment of genotoxicity. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 834:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Lee H, Myung W, Jeong BH, Choi H, Jhun BW, Kim H. Short- and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and circulating biomarkers of inflammation in non-smokers: A hospital-based cohort study in South Korea. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:264-273. [PMID: 29982129 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing epidemiological evidence of an association between air pollution and adverse health outcomes, the detailed mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of air pollution on medical conditions remain unclear. We evaluated the effects of short- and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution on key inflammatory markers in non-smoking subjects. Serum fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and white blood cell counts were repeatedly measured 3 times in 6589 subjects at the Samsung Medical Center (Seoul, South Korea) between 2010 and 2016. Both short- (≤8-day averages) and long-term (annual averages) exposure measures of 6 air pollutants (particles < 2.5 μm, particles < 10 μm, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide) were estimated for each subject based on available residential addresses. Linear mixed-effects models were used to relate interquartile range increases in pollutant concentrations to inflammatory marker levels. Short-term exposure to air pollution was associated with increased fibrinogen and ferritin levels. Long-term exposure to air pollution was associated with increased fibrinogen levels and white blood cell counts. The largest short- and long-term associations were observed for ferritin in response to nitrogen dioxide exposure (1.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3-2.5) and fibrinogen exposed to particles < 2.5 μm (3.4%, 95% CI 3.0-3.8), respectively. Significantly higher associations were observed among subjects with elevated levels of inflammatory markers (upper 25th percentile), including C-reactive protein, and those with cardiac infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebral infarction, or diabetes. We found clear associations between short- and long-term exposure to air pollution and inflammatory markers, especially among vulnerable subgroups. Our findings provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that air pollution increases systemic inflammation, particularly among susceptible subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13619, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13619, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Ho Jeong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Hong Choi
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Byung Woo Jhun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea.
| | - Ho Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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29
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Wallace MAG, Pleil JD. Evolution of clinical and environmental health applications of exhaled breath research: Review of methods and instrumentation for gas-phase, condensate, and aerosols. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1024:18-38. [PMID: 29776545 PMCID: PMC6082128 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human breath, along with urine and blood, has long been one of the three major biological media for assessing human health and environmental exposure. In fact, the detection of odor on human breath, as described by Hippocrates in 400 BC, is considered the first analytical health assessment tool. Although less common in comparison to contemporary bio-fluids analyses, breath has become an attractive diagnostic medium as sampling is non-invasive, unlimited in timing and volume, and does not require clinical personnel. Exhaled breath, exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and exhaled breath aerosol (EBA) are different types of breath matrices used to assess human health and disease state. Over the past 20 years, breath research has made many advances in assessing health state, overcoming many of its initial challenges related to sampling and analysis. The wide variety of sampling techniques and collection devices that have been developed for these media are discussed herein. The different types of sensors and mass spectrometry instruments currently available for breath analysis are evaluated as well as emerging breath research topics, such as cytokines, security and airport surveillance, cellular respiration, and canine olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ariel Geer Wallace
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Joachim D Pleil
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
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30
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Brugha R, Edmondson C, Davies JC. Outdoor air pollution and cystic fibrosis. Paediatr Respir Rev 2018; 28:80-86. [PMID: 29793860 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Outdoor air pollution is increasingly identified as a contributor to respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Pro-inflammatory particles and gases are inhaled deep into the lungs, and are associated with impaired lung growth and exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases. The magnitude of these effects are of interest to patients and families, and have been assessed in studies specific to CF. Using systematic review methodology, we sought to collate these studies in order to summarise the known effects of air pollution in cystic fibrosis, and to present information on decreasing personal air pollution exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossa Brugha
- Gene Therapy, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Emmanuel Kaye Building, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LR, United Kingdom.
| | - Claire Edmondson
- Gene Therapy, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Emmanuel Kaye Building, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LR, United Kingdom.
| | - Jane C Davies
- Gene Therapy, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Emmanuel Kaye Building, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LR, United Kingdom.
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31
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Holz O, Heusser K, Müller M, Windt H, Schwarz K, Schindler C, Tank J, Hohlfeld JM, Jordan J. Airway and systemic inflammatory responses to ultrafine carbon black particles and ozone in older healthy subjects. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:576-588. [PMID: 29693510 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1463331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased adverse health effects in older subjects due to exposure to ambient air pollutants may be related to the inflammatory response induced by these contaminants. The aim of this study was to assess airway and systemic inflammatory responses in older healthy subjects to a controlled experimental exposure with spark-generated elemental carbon black ultrafine particles (cbUFPs) and ozone (O3). Twenty healthy subjects, age 52-75 years, were exposed on three occasions separated by at least 8 weeks. The exposures to filtered air (FA), to cbUFP (50 μg/m3), or to cbUFP in combination with 250 ppb ozone (cbUFP + O3) for 3 h with intermittent exercise were performed double blind, and in random order. Sputum and blood samples were collected 3.5 h after each exposure. Exposure to cbUFP + O3 significantly increased plasma club cell protein 16 (CC16), the number of sputum cells, the number and percent of sputum neutrophils, and sputum interleukin 6 and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Exposure to cbUFP alone exerted no marked effect, except for an elevation in sputum neutrophils in a subgroup of 13 subjects that displayed less than 65% sputum neutrophils after FA exposure. None of the inflammatory markers was correlated with age, and serum cardiovascular risk markers were not markedly affected by cbUFP or cbUFP + O3. Exposure to cbUFP+O3 induced a significant airway and systemic inflammatory response in older healthy volunteer subjects. The effects induced by cbUFP alone suggest that the inflammation was predominantly mediated by O3, although one cannot rule out that the interaction of cbUFP and O3 played a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Holz
- a Clinical Airway Research , Fraunhofer ITEM , Hannover , Germany
- b Member of the German Center for Lung Research (BREATH) , Hannover , Germany
| | - Karsten Heusser
- c Hannover Medical School , Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Hannover , Germany
| | - Meike Müller
- a Clinical Airway Research , Fraunhofer ITEM , Hannover , Germany
| | - Horst Windt
- a Clinical Airway Research , Fraunhofer ITEM , Hannover , Germany
| | | | | | - Jens Tank
- c Hannover Medical School , Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Hannover , Germany
| | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- a Clinical Airway Research , Fraunhofer ITEM , Hannover , Germany
- b Member of the German Center for Lung Research (BREATH) , Hannover , Germany
- e Hannover Medical School , Clinic for Respiratory Medicine , Hannover , Germany
| | - Jens Jordan
- c Hannover Medical School , Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Hannover , Germany
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Angrish MM, Allard P, McCullough SD, Druwe IL, Helbling Chadwick L, Hines E, Chorley BN. Epigenetic Applications in Adverse Outcome Pathways and Environmental Risk Evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:045001. [PMID: 29669403 PMCID: PMC6071815 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epigenome may be an important interface between environmental chemical exposures and human health. However, the links between epigenetic modifications and health outcomes are often correlative and do not distinguish between cause and effect or common-cause relationships. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework has the potential to demonstrate, by way of an inference- and science-based analysis, the causal relationship between chemical exposures, epigenome, and adverse health outcomes. OBJECTIVE The objective of this work is to discuss the epigenome as a modifier of exposure effects and risk, perspectives for integrating toxicoepigenetic data into an AOP framework, tools for the exploration of epigenetic toxicity, and integration of AOP-guided epigenetic information into science and risk-assessment processes. DISCUSSION Organizing epigenetic information into the topology of a qualitative AOP network may help describe how a system will respond to epigenetic modifications caused by environmental chemical exposures. However, understanding the biological plausibility, linking epigenetic effects to short- and long-term health outcomes, and including epigenetic studies in the risk assessment process is met by substantive challenges. These obstacles include understanding the complex range of epigenetic modifications and their combinatorial effects, the large number of environmental chemicals to be tested, and the lack of data that quantitatively evaluate the epigenetic effects of environmental exposure. CONCLUSION We anticipate that epigenetic information organized into AOP frameworks can be consistently used to support biological plausibility and to identify data gaps that will accelerate the pace at which epigenetic information is applied in chemical evaluation and risk-assessment paradigms. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Angrish
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick Allard
- University of California Los Angeles Institute for Society and Genetics, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shaun D McCullough
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, ORD, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ingrid L Druwe
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa Helbling Chadwick
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erin Hines
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian N Chorley
- University of California Los Angeles Institute for Society and Genetics, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Protective and recuperative effects of 3-bromopyruvate on immunological, hepatic and renal homeostasis in a murine host bearing ascitic lymphoma: Implication of niche dependent differential roles of macrophages. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:970-985. [PMID: 29689702 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) possesses promising antineoplastic potential, however, its effects on immunological homeostasis vis a vis hepatic and renal functions in a tumor bearing host remain unclear. Therefore, the effect of 3-BP administration to a murine host bearing a progressively growing tumor of thymoma origin, designated as Dalton's lymphoma (DL), on immunological, renal and hepatic homeostasis was investigated. Administration of 3-BP (4 mg/kg) to the tumor bearing host reversed tumor growth associated thymic atrophy and splenomegaly, accompanied by altered cell survival and repertoire of splenic, bone marrow and tumor associated macrophages (TAM). TAM displayed augmented phagocytic, tumoricidal activities and production of IL-1 and TNF-α. 3-BP-induced activation of TAM was of indirect nature, mediated by IFN-γ. Blood count of T lymphocytes (CD4+ & CD8+) and NK cells showed a rise in 3-BP administered tumor bearing mice. Moreover, 3-BP administration triggered modulation of immunomodulatory cytokines in serum along with refurbished hepatic and renal functions. The study indicates the role of altered cytokines balance, site specific differential macrophage functions and myelopoiesis in restoration of lymphoid organ homeostasis in 3-BP administered tumor bearing host. These observations will have long lasting impact in understanding of alternate mechanisms underlying the antitumor action of 3-BP accompanying appraisal of safety issues for optimizing its antineoplastic actions.
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McCant D, Lange S, Haney J, Honeycutt M. The perpetuation of the misconception that rats receive a 3-5 times lower lung tissue dose than humans at the same ozone concentration. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 29:187-196. [PMID: 28697635 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1323982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper highlights the pervasive misconception concerning 1994 findings from Hatch et al. about ozone (O3) tissue dose in humans versus rats. That study exposed humans to 0.4 ppm and rats to 2 ppm 18O-labeled O3 and found comparable incorporation of 18O into bronchoalveolar lavage constituents. However, during O3 exposure humans were exercising, which increased their ventilation rate five-fold, while rats were at rest. This resulted in similar O3 tissue doses between the two species, and predominantly explained the comparable 18O incorporation at five-fold different concentrations. The five-times higher exercising human inhalation rate offset the five-times lower concentration, producing the same human dose expected at rest at 2 ppm (i.e. 0.4 ppm × 4686 L/2 hour ≈ 2 ppm × 998 L/2 hour). In 2013, Hatch et al. showed that resting humans and resting rats experienced fairly comparable 18O incorporation at the same O3 exposure concentration and activity state into BALF cells. Despite these findings, we show here that in the peer-reviewed literature a substantial proportion of researchers continue to perpetuate the misunderstanding that human lung tissue doses of O3 are simply 3-5 times greater than rat doses at the same O3 concentration, due to interspecies differences, and not considering activity state. It is important to correct this misconception to ensure an appropriate understanding of the implications of O3 studies by the scientific community and policy experts making regulatory decisions (e.g. the US Environmental Protection Agency's National Ambient Air Quality Standards for O3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell McCant
- a Toxicology Division , Texas Commission on Environmental Quality , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Sabine Lange
- a Toxicology Division , Texas Commission on Environmental Quality , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Joseph Haney
- a Toxicology Division , Texas Commission on Environmental Quality , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Michael Honeycutt
- a Toxicology Division , Texas Commission on Environmental Quality , Austin , TX , USA
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Alvarez-Simón D, Muñoz X, Gómez-Ollés S, de Homdedeu M, Untoria MD, Cruz MJ. Effects of diesel exhaust particle exposure on a murine model of asthma due to soybean. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179569. [PMID: 28628664 PMCID: PMC5476280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to soybean allergens has been linked to asthma outbreaks. Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) has been associated with an increase in the risk of asthma and asthma exacerbation; however, in both cases the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, as does the possible interaction between the two entities. OBJECTIVE To investigate how the combination of soybean allergens and DEP can affect the induction or exacerbation of asthma in a murine model. METHODS BALB/c mice received intranasal instillations of saline, 3 or 5 mg protein/ml soybean hull extract (SHE), or a combination of one of these three solutions with DEP. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), pulmonary inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage, total serum immunoglobulin E and histological studies were assessed. RESULTS A 5 mg protein/ml SHE solution was able by itself to enhance AHR (p = 0.0033), increase eosinophilic inflammation (p = 0.0003), increase levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17F and CCL20, and reduce levels of IFN-γ. The combination of 5 mg protein/ml SHE with DEP also produced an increase in AHR and eosinophilic inflammation, but presented a slightly different cytokine profile with higher levels of Th17-related cytokines. However, while the 3 mg protein/ml SHE solution did not induce asthma, co-exposure with DEP resulted in a markedly enhanced AHR (p = 0.002) and eosinophilic inflammation (p = 0.004), with increased levels of IL-5, IL-17F and CCL20 and decreased levels of IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE The combination of soybean allergens and DEP is capable of triggering an asthmatic response through a Th17-related mechanism when the soybean allergen concentration is too low to promote a response by itself. DEP monitoring may be a useful addition to allergen monitoring in order to prevent new asthma outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alvarez-Simón
- Pulmonology Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Muñoz
- Pulmonology Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Gómez-Ollés
- Pulmonology Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel de Homdedeu
- Pulmonology Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Untoria
- Pulmonology Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Cruz
- Pulmonology Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Barcelona, Spain
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Stiegel MA, Pleil JD, Sobus JR, Stevens T, Madden MC. Linking physiological parameters to perturbations in the human exposome: Environmental exposures modify blood pressure and lung function via inflammatory cytokine pathway. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:485-501. [PMID: 28696913 PMCID: PMC6089069 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1330578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring is an indispensable tool for evaluating the systemic effects derived from external stressors including environmental pollutants, chemicals from consumer products, and pharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was to explore consequences of environmental exposures to diesel exhaust (DE) and ozone (O3) and ultimately to interpret these parameters from the perspective of in vitro to in vivo extrapolation. In particular, the objective was to use cytokine expression at the cellular level as a biomarker for physiological systemic responses such as blood pressure and lung function at the systemic level. The values obtained could ultimately link in vivo behavior to simpler in vitro experiments where cytokines are a measured parameter. Human exposures to combinations of DE and O3 and the response correlations between forced exhaled volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), and 10 inflammatory cytokines in blood (interleukins 1β, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12p70 and 13, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) were determined in 15 healthy human volunteers. Results across all exposures revealed that certain individuals displayed greater inflammatory responses compared to the group and, generally, there was more between-person variation in the responses. Evidence indicates that individuals are more stable within themselves and are more likely to exhibit responses independent of one another. Data suggest that in vitro findings may ultimately be implemented to elucidate underlying adverse outcome pathways (AOP) for linking high-throughput toxicity tests to physiological in vivo responses. Further, this investigation supports assessing subjects based upon individual responses as a complement to standard longitudinal (pre vs. post) intervention grouping strategies. Ultimately, it may become possible to predict a physiological (systemic) response based upon cellular-level (in vitro) observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Stiegel
- a Duke University Medical Center , Department of Occupational and Environmental Safety , Durham , NC , US
| | - Joachim D Pleil
- b United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Lab , Exposure Methods and Measurement Division , Research Triangle Park , NC , US
| | - Jon R Sobus
- b United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Lab , Exposure Methods and Measurement Division , Research Triangle Park , NC , US
| | - Tina Stevens
- c United States Environmental Protection Agency , National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, Environmental Public Health Division , Chapel Hill , NC , US
| | - Michael C Madden
- c United States Environmental Protection Agency , National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, Environmental Public Health Division , Chapel Hill , NC , US
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Pleil JD. Imputing defensible values for left-censored 'below level of quantitation' (LoQ) biomarker measurements. J Breath Res 2016; 10:045001. [PMID: 27753432 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/4/045001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomarker datasets often include entries 'below the level of quantitation' (LoQ) wherein the instrumentation is no longer able to provide values that meet required analytical quality standards, a phenomenon referred to as 'left-censored' data. Generally, some form of imputation for missing values is required to allow calculating distributions and summary statistics for comparing datasets to each other. This article discusses the available options for imputing (modeling) left-censored data, presents the methods for implementing different procedures, and provides examples and guidelines using realistic data to assess relative performance. Ultimately, multiple ordered value imputation is identified as the best method; therein, the overall distribution of actual measures is used in conjunction with an estimate of relative order of the missing values to provide the most likely estimates below the LoQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim D Pleil
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
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Williams J, Pleil J. Crowd-based breath analysis: assessing behavior, activity, exposures, and emotional response of people in groups. J Breath Res 2016; 10:032001. [PMID: 27341381 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/3/032001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new concept for exhaled breath analysis has emerged wherein groups, or even crowds of people are simultaneously sampled in enclosed environments to detect overall trends in their activities and recent exposures. The basic idea is to correlate the temporal profile of known breath markers such as carbon dioxide, isoprene, or acetone with all other volatile organics in the air space. Those that trend similarly in time are designated as breath constituents. The ultimate goal of this work is to develop technology for assessing group based behaviors, chemical exposures or even changes in stress or mood. Applications are myriad ranging from chemical dose/toxicity screening to health and stress status for national security diagnostics. The basic technology employs real-time mass spectrometry capable of simultaneously measuring volatile chemicals and endogenous breath markers.
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Angrish MM, Pleil JD, Stiegel MA, Madden MC, Moser VC, Herr DW. Taxonomic applicability of inflammatory cytokines in adverse outcome pathway (AOP) development. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:184-96. [PMID: 26914248 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1138923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines, low-molecular-weight messenger proteins that act as intercellular immunomodulatory signals, have become a mainstream preclinical marker for assessing the systemic inflammatory response to external stressors. The challenge is to quantitate from healthy subjects cytokine levels that are below or at baseline and relate those dynamic and complex cytokine signatures of exposures with the inflammatory and repair pathways. Thus, highly sensitive, specific, and precise analytical and statistical methods are critically important. Investigators at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have implemented advanced technologies and developed statistics for evaluating panels of inflammatory cytokines in human blood, exhaled breath condensate, urine samples, and murine biological media. Advanced multiplex, bead-based, and automated analytical platforms provided sufficient sensitivity, precision, and accuracy over the traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Thus, baseline cytokine levels can be quantified from healthy human subjects and animals and compared to an in vivo exposure response from an environmental chemical. Specifically, patterns of cytokine responses in humans exposed to environmental levels of ozone and diesel exhaust, and in rodents exposed to selected pesticides (such as fipronil and carbaryl), were used as case studies to generally assess the taxonomic applicability of cytokine responses. The findings in this study may aid in the application of measureable cytokine markers in future adverse outcome pathway (AOP)-based toxicity testing. Data from human and animal studies were coalesced and the possibility of using cytokines as key events (KE) to bridge species responses to external stressors in an AOP-based framework was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Angrish
- a Integrated Sciences and Toxicology Division, NHEERL/ORD , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA
| | - Joachim D Pleil
- b Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, NERL/ORD , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA
| | - Matthew A Stiegel
- c ORISE, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA
| | - Michael C Madden
- d Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL/ORD , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Virginia C Moser
- e Neurotoxicology Branch/Toxicity Assessment Division NHEERL/ORD , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA
| | - David W Herr
- f Toxicity Assessment Division, NHEERL/ORD , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA
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