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Sternfeld B, Jacobs DR. Reflections on four decades of physical activity epidemiology. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:608-610. [PMID: 38296050 PMCID: PMC11282334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
•Broad topics in physical activity (PA) epidemiology have remained the same over 40 years; specific issues and questions have changed and challenges remain. •Accelerometry has made many advances in PA measurement, but created new methodological challenges. •The benefit of regular PA for a wide array of health outcomes has been well-established, but specificity is still needed about dose response relations. •Interventions in the population have led to increased prevalence of recommended levels of PA, but prevalence is still less than optimal and there are racial and ethnic disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sternfeld
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94610, USA.
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
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2
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Haag FB, Resende E Silva DT, Antunes CS, Waclawovsky G, Lucchese-Lobato F. Effects of circuit training and Yoga on biochemical and psychological responses to stress and cardiovascular markers: A randomized clinical trial with nursing and medical students in Southern Brazil. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 167:107110. [PMID: 38954979 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A Randomized Controlled Trial involving 158 Brazilian medical and nursing students assessed one of three conditions over an 8-week period: 1) a circuit training protocol (CTG); 2) a yoga protocol (YG); or 3) no intervention (CG). The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of circuit training and yoga protocols in reducing perceived mental stress and examining their effects on serum cortisol levels, as well as on traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs), during an academic semester. Mental stress was measured using self-reported stress questionnaires. For the CTG, comparisons of pre- vs. post-intervention data indicated a reduction in self-reported stress levels on a Brazilian scale (p < 0.001) and an international scale (p < 0.05). Regarding CRFs, there was a reduction in waist circumference (WC) (p < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p < 0.05), and heart rate (HR) (p < 0.001). No changes were observed in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p = 0.211) and serum cortisol (SC) (p = 0.423). In the YG, pre- vs. post-intervention data indicated a reduction in self-reported stress levels on the ISSL (p < 0.001), in both resistance and exhaustion stress levels on the PSS scale (p < 0.001), and in SC levels (p < 0.001), WC (p < 0.05), and SBP (p < 0.05); however, HR and DBP did not change (p = 0.168 and p = 0.07, respectively) in this group. No changes were noted in any measures in the CG. The intervention protocols demonstrated that both CTG and YG can positively impact mental or biochemical stress responses, as well as CRFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Brum Haag
- Nursing Department, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Débora Tavares Resende E Silva
- Department of Graduate Studies in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Waclawovsky
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lucchese-Lobato
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA; Santo Antônio Children's Hospital, Sr. Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Brazil, New York, NY, USA.
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McKendry J, Coletta G, Nunes EA, Lim C, Phillips SM. Mitigating disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in ageing: Resistance exercise as a critical countermeasure. Exp Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39106083 DOI: 10.1113/ep091937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The gradual deterioration of physiological systems with ageing makes it difficult to maintain skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia), at least partly due to the presence of 'anabolic resistance', resulting in muscle loss. Sarcopenia can be transiently but markedly accelerated through periods of muscle disuse-induced (i.e., unloading) atrophy due to reduced physical activity, sickness, immobilisation or hospitalisation. Periods of disuse are detrimental to older adults' overall quality of life and substantially increase their risk of falls, physical and social dependence, and early mortality. Disuse events induce skeletal muscle atrophy through various mechanisms, including anabolic resistance, inflammation, disturbed proteostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of which tip the scales in favour of a negative net protein balance and subsequent muscle loss. Concerningly, recovery from disuse atrophy is more difficult for older adults than their younger counterparts. Resistance training (RT) is a potent anabolic stimulus that can robustly stimulate muscle protein synthesis and mitigate muscle losses in older adults when implemented before, during and following unloading. RT may take the form of traditional weightlifting-focused RT, bodyweight training and lower- and higher-load RT. When combined with sufficient dietary protein, RT can accelerate older adults' recovery from a disuse event, mitigate frailty and improve mobility; however, few older adults regularly participate in RT. A feasible and practical approach to improving the accessibility and acceptability of RT is through the use of resistance bands. Moving forward, RT must be prescribed to older adults to mitigate the negative consequences of disuse atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McKendry
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giulia Coletta
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Everson A Nunes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Changhyun Lim
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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King AC, Villalobos C, Vosti P, Jensen CD. Sex-Specific Variations in Glycated Hemoglobin Responses to Structured Exercise in Type 2 Diabetes: Healthcare Implications of Walking and Strength Training on Glycemic Control. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1528. [PMID: 39120231 PMCID: PMC11312186 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12151528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects one in ten individuals in the United States, with rates expected to rise significantly. This novel study aimed to evaluate the impact of a structured exercise program on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels among males and females with T2DM, and to compare the effects of different volumes of combined aerobic and resistance exercise. A total of 67 adult participants with T2DM were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 (exercise classes and walking sessions) and Group 2 (exercise classes only). After 10 weeks, 39 participants completed the intervention and 34 had complete HbA1c records. Results indicated a significant improvement in HbA1c levels overall, with males exhibiting a greater decrease compared to females. Minimal baseline differences were observed between the walking and non-walking groups and improvements in HbA1c were noted in both groups with no significant differences. These findings suggested potential sex-specific differences in response to structured exercise programs. The study highlighted the importance of tailored exercise interventions in healthcare while managing T2DM. Further research is necessary to optimize exercise prescriptions and evaluate long-term benefits, but the current evidence supports structured exercise as a valuable component of comprehensive diabetes care. This research underscores the need for personalized approaches in exercise regimens, contributing to the growing body of knowledge on sex-specific responses to T2DM interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C. King
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Cynthia Villalobos
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Paul Vosti
- St. Joseph’s Medical Center, Stockton, CA 95204, USA
| | - Courtney D. Jensen
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
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de Paula VF, Tardelli LP, Amaral SL. Dexamethasone-Induced Arterial Stiffening Is Attenuated by Training due to a Better Balance Between Aortic Collagen and Elastin Levels. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:693-703. [PMID: 36795192 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the cardioprotective benefits of exercise training are well known, the effects of training on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced arterial stiffness are still unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the mechanisms induced by training to prevent DEX-induced arterial stiffness. METHODS Wistar rats were allocated into 4 groups and submitted to combined training (aerobic and resistance exercises, on alternate days, 60% of maximal capacity, for 74 d) or were kept sedentary: sedentary control rats (SC), DEX-treated sedentary rats (DS), combined training control (CT), and DEX-treated trained rats (DT). During the last 14 d, rats were treated with DEX (50 μg/kg per body weight, per day, s.c.) or saline. RESULTS DEX increased PWV (+44% vs +5% m/s, for DS vs SC, p<0.001) and increased aortic COL 3 protein level (+75%) in DS. In addition, PWV was correlated with COL3 levels (r=0.682, p<0.0001). Aortic elastin and COL1 protein levels remained unchanged. On the other hand, the trained and treated groups showed lower PWV values (-27% m/s, p<0.001) vs DS and lower values of aortic and femoral COL3 compared with DS. CONCLUSION As DEX is widely used in several situations, the clinical relevance of this study is that the maintenance of good physical capacity throughout life can be crucial to alleviate some of its side effects, such as arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius F de Paula
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Lidieli P Tardelli
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Sandra L Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil.
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Clerico A, Zaninotto M, Aimo A, Galli C, Sandri MT, Correale M, Dittadi R, Migliardi M, Fortunato A, Belloni L, Plebani M. Assessment of cardiovascular risk and physical activity: the role of cardiac-specific biomarkers in the general population and athletes. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2024-0596. [PMID: 39016272 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The first part of this Inter-Society Document describes the mechanisms involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases, particularly arterial hypertension, in adults and the elderly. It will also examine how consistent physical exercise during adolescence and adulthood can help maintain blood pressure levels and prevent progression to symptomatic heart failure. The discussion will include experimental and clinical evidence on the use of specific exercise programs for preventing and controlling cardiovascular diseases in adults and the elderly. In the second part, the clinical relevance of cardiac-specific biomarkers in assessing cardiovascular risk in the general adult population will be examined, with a focus on individuals engaged in sports activities. This section will review recent studies that suggest a significant role of biomarkers in assessing cardiovascular risk, particularly the presence of cardiac damage, in athletes who participate in high-intensity sports. Finally, the document will discuss the potential of using cardiac-specific biomarkers to monitor the effectiveness of personalized physical activity programs (Adapted Physical Activity, APA). These programs are prescribed for specific situations, such as chronic diseases or physical disabilities, including cardiovascular diseases. The purposes of this Inter-Society Document are the following: 1) to discuss the close pathophysiological relationship between physical activity levels (ranging from sedentary behavior to competitive sports), age categories (from adolescence to elderly age), and the development of cardiovascular diseases; 2) to review in detail the experimental and clinical evidences supporting the role of cardiac biomarkers in identifying athletes and individuals of general population at higher cardiovascular risk; 3) to stimulate scientific societies and organizations to develop specific multicenter studies that may take into account the role of cardiac biomarkers in subjects who follow specific exercise programs in order to monitor their cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Clerico
- Coordinator of the Study Group on Cardiac Biomarkers of the Italian Societies SIBioC and ELAS, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Aimo
- Fondazione CNR - Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Correale
- UOC Medical Pathology, IRCCS De Bellis, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marco Migliardi
- Primario Emerito S.C. Laboratorio Analisi Chimico-Cliniche e Microbiologia, Ospedale Umberto I, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Belloni
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica - per Immagini e Medicina di Laboratorio, Laboratorio Autoimmunità, Allergologia e Biotecnologie Innovative, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
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Sun W, Han Y, Gu S. Effects of five types of exercise on vascular function in postmenopausal women: a network meta-analysis and systematic review of 32 randomized controlled trials. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17621. [PMID: 39026541 PMCID: PMC11257064 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As women age, especially after menopause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence rises, posing a significant global health concern. Regular exercise can mitigate CVD risks by improving blood pressure and lipid levels in postmenopausal women. Yet, the optimal exercise modality for enhancing vascular structure and function in this demographic remains uncertain. This study aims to compare five exercise forms to discern the most effective interventions for reducing cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. Methods The study searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, EBSCO, and Embase databases. It conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on five exercise interventions: continuous endurance training (CET), interval training (INT), resistance training (RT), aerobic combined with resistance training (CT), and hybrid-type training (HYB). Outcome measures included carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), nitric oxide (NO), augmentation index (AIx), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Eligible studies were assessed for bias using the Cochrane tool. A frequentist random-effects NMA was employed to rank exercise effects, calculating standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The analysis of 32 studies (n = 1,427) indicates significant increases in FMD with CET, INT, RT, and HYB in postmenopausal women. Reductions in PWV were significant with CET, INT, RT, CT, and HYB. AIx decreased significantly with INT and HYB. CET, INT, and CT significantly increased NO levels. However, no significant reduction in IMT was observed. SUCRA probabilities show INT as most effective for increasing FMD, CT for reducing PWV, INT for decreasing AIx, CT for lowering IMT, and INT for increasing NO in postmenopausal women. Conclusion The study demonstrates that CET, INT, RT, and HYB have a significant positive impact on FMD in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, all five forms of exercise significantly enhance PWV in this population. INT and HYB were found to have a significant positive effect on AIx in postmenopausal women, while CET, INT, and CT were found to significantly improve NO levels. For improving vascular function in postmenopausal women, it is recommended to prioritize INT and CT exercise modalities. On the other hand, as CET and RT were not ranked at the top of the Sucra value ranking in this study and were less effective than INT and CT as exercise interventions to improve vascular function in postmenopausal women, it is not recommended that CET and RT be considered the preferred exercise modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Sun
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Han
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Gu
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Pontes-Silva A, Lopes AL. Aerobic, resistance, or combined exercise training and its outcomes on cardiovascular risk profile in overweight or obese adults via a CardioRACE trial: a gap. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:2456-2457. [PMID: 38819812 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- André Pontes-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Sarıoğlu MG, Akıl M. The Role of Exercise: Physical Fitness Changes Caused by Hypocaloric Diet and Exercise in Men Who Are Overweight. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38958651 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2370983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is evidence showing the effect of hypocaloric diet and increasing physical activity on weight loss. However, the effect of these factors on body composition and functional capacity remains unclear. Also, it is not clear which type of exercise (aerobic, resistance) has effective health benefits for men who are overweight. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a 12-week combined exercise or walking intervention combined with a hypocaloric diet provides improvements in body composition and functional capacity of men who are overweight compared to those who do not exercise. METHODS 60 healthy adult men who are overweight were randomized and divided into 3 groups: 1: Hypocaloric Diet + Combined Exercise; 2: Hypocaloric Diet + Walking; 3: Hypocaloric Diet. The exercise groups were trained for 12 wk, 3 days a week and 60 min (60 min\3 days\12 wk). Body composition was determined with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) device, strength parameters with MicroFet 2, functional capacity with 6-min walking test. RESULTS Improvement was observed in all groups at the end of 12 wk. The greatest improvement was in the combined exercise group. While the values of the combined exercise group increased in Skeletal Muscle Mass, there was a decline in the walking and non-exercising group. Basal Metabolism was maintained in combined exercise, but a decrease occurred in the non-exercising group. Muscle force increased in combined exercise; however, it was maintained in the legs in the walking group. Cardiorespiratory fitness was at best level in walking group, but there was no difference between combined exercise. CONCLUSIONS As a result, a hypocaloric diet without an exercise prescription is sufficient to lose weight in the short term (12 wk) at a certain level. But exercise is more important for body composition, weight management and functional capacity. Long-term and in-depth studies should be conducted to interpret the results better.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mustafa Akıl
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey
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Choudhry DN, Saleem S, Hatim S, Irfan R. The effect of resistance training in reducing hot flushes in post-menopausal women: A meta-analysis. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 39:335-342. [PMID: 38876649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this meta-analysis is to study the effect of different strengths of resistance training programs on the severity and frequency of hot flushes in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. BACKGROUND Menopause is defined as the state in which the menstrual cycle of a biological female spontaneously comes to a halt for a period of about 1 year. Through a detailed analysis of much of the research, it is found that the resistance training program is beneficial not only for reducing the severity as well as the frequency of hot flushes in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Online research was conducted through databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Trial Register, and Google Scholar till the 20th of March 2023. The Review Manager (version 5.4.1) was used to statistically analyze the data from the studies. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria, comparing the vasomotor symptoms in resistance training groups as compared to control were used for this meta-analysis. The primary outcome of interest was the alleviation of hot flushes in the resistance training group. Random-effect model was used to pool the studies and the result was reported in SMD with 95% Confidence Interval (CI). RESULTS 5 studies were selected for this review. Statistical analysis shows that vasomotor symptoms were more common in the control group and decreased significantly in the resistance training group after the intervention (SMD = -1.31, 95% CI: -1.85 to -0.77, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Resistance Training significantly affects vasomotor symptoms and can be considered for such symptoms in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohair Saleem
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-E-Urdu Road, 74200, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Sohaiba Hatim
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-E-Urdu Road, 74200, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Rija Irfan
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-E-Urdu Road, 74200, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Feng D, Li L, Xu Q, Li T. Evaluating the impact of a combined aerobic and strength training intervention on the physical performance of male Chinese People's Liberation Army air force pilots. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32177. [PMID: 38947478 PMCID: PMC11214463 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of a 16-week combined training program on the physical performance of 20 male Air Force pilots, with an average age of 31.87 ± 2.75 years, body mass of 76.33 ± 0.79 kg, and height of 175.55 ± 3.65 cm. This intervention encompassed both aerobic and strength training, involving six weekly training sessions. The participants were categorized into two groups based on their initial physical performance levels to explore potential baseline influences on post-intervention adaptations. The study measured changes in estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), maximal strength, muscular endurance, and long jump performance before and after the training program. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences over time in theV ˙ O2 max (F = 86.898; p < 0.001;η p 2 = 0.821), handgrip strength right hand (F = 160.480; p < 0.001;η p 2 = 0.894), handgrip strength left hand (F = 102.196; p < 0.001;η p 2 = 0.843), squat maximal strength (F = 525.725; p < 0.001;η p 2 = 0.965), push-ups (F = 337.197; p < 0.001;η p 2 = 0.974), sit up (F = 252.500; p < 0.001;η p 2 = 0.930) and standing long jump (F = 521.714; p < 0.001;η p 2 = 0.965). In conclusion, the 16-week combined training regimen significantly enhanced the physical performance of Air Force pilots, regardless of their initial performance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeSen Feng
- ChengDu Sports Univ, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Huaqiang secondary, Renshou 620500, PR China
| | - Qi Xu
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - TingYu Li
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland
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12
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Brown RCC, Coombes JS, Conley MM, Webb L, Mayr HL, Isbel NM, Jegatheesan DK, Macdonald GA, Burton NW, Kelly JT, Hickman IJ, Keating SE. Evaluating the Potential of a Novel Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score to Inform Exercise Interventions for People with Complex Chronic Conditions. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024. [PMID: 38801006 DOI: 10.1089/met.2024.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: Exercise interventions positively affect numerous cardiometabolic risk factors. To better evaluate the health effects of exercise training, it may be more appropriate to evaluate risk factors together. The Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score (MetSSS) is a composite score representing cardiometabolic risk. Purpose: To evaluate the relationships between physical activity, neuromuscular fitness, exercise capacity, and the MetSSS in a heterogenous sample of people with complex chronic disease. Material and Methods: Fifty-three people with kidney or liver disease and at least one feature of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) were included. Pearson correlations were conducted between physical activity, neuromuscular fitness, exercise capacity, and the MetSSS. Linear regressions were performed for multi-level categorical variables. Independent variables with an association with MetSSS (P ≤ 0.2) were included in a multiple regression analysis. Results: The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance was inversely and independently associated with MetSSS [standardized beta coefficient (β) = -0.31, P = 0.04]. No relationship was found between MetSSS and physical activity or neuromuscular fitness. Mean 6MWT in the highest tertile was 550 m (range: 505-620 m) and 346 m (range: 233-408 m) in the lowest. The analysis showed a medium-large between-group effect for the difference in MetSSS for the lowest and highest tertile of 6MWT [Eta squared (η2) = 0.16, P = 0.01]. Conclusions: Exercise capacity was inversely and independently associated with MetSSS in people with complex chronic disease. Clinical trials with exercise interventions are needed to further investigate if improvements in exercise capacity result in clinically significant changes in the MetSSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley C C Brown
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity & Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity & Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marguerite M Conley
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lindsey Webb
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hannah L Mayr
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicole M Isbel
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dev K Jegatheesan
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Graeme A Macdonald
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicola W Burton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jaimon T Kelly
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ingrid J Hickman
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shelley E Keating
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity & Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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13
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Mueller C, Thomas A, Amara AW, DeWolfe J, Thomas SJ. Effects of exercise on sleep in patients with epilepsy: A systematic review. Epilepsy Behav Rep 2024; 26:100675. [PMID: 38779424 PMCID: PMC11109323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebr.2024.100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise interventions in epilepsy have been shown to improve seizure frequency, physical capacity, quality of life, mood, and cognitive functioning. However, the effectiveness of exercise in improving sleep in epilepsy is less clear. The purpose of this report is to identify the published literature regarding exercise interventions in people with epilepsy to determine 1) what proportion of published clinical trials assess sleep as an outcome, and 2) what benefits of exercise interventions on sleep have been observed. We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS electronic databases using the search terms "epilepsy AND [exercise OR physical activity]" and identified 23 articles reporting on 18 unique clinical trials. Nine studies were conducted in adults, five in children, and four in adults and children with active seizures, controlled seizures, or both. Exercise modalities included aerobic exercise, strength training, walking, and yoga, among others, and some also included educational and motivational components. Exercise effects on sleep were tested in four studies, two of which only included indirect measures of sleep- and rest-related fatigue, with mixed results. Of the two reports assessing sleep directly, one reported marginal non-significant improvements in subjective sleep quality and no improvements in objective sleep quality in children after twelve weeks of walking, and the other reported no benefits in subjective sleep quality after twelve weeks of combined aerobic, strength, and flexibility training in adults. Given the health benefits of sleep and detrimental effects of sleep deprivation in epilepsy, epilepsy researchers need to assess the effects of exercise interventions on sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mueller
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Neurology, 1720 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Ashley Thomas
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Neurology, 1720 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Amy W. Amara
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Fitzsimons Building, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer DeWolfe
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Neurology, 1720 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - S. Justin Thomas
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, 1720 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
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14
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Radulescu D, Mihai FD, Trasca MET, Caluianu EI, Calafeteanu CDM, Radulescu PM, Mercut R, Ciupeanu-Calugaru ED, Marinescu GA, Siloşi CA, Nistor CCE, Danoiu S. Oxidative Stress in Military Missions-Impact and Management Strategies: A Narrative Analysis. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:567. [PMID: 38792589 PMCID: PMC11121804 DOI: 10.3390/life14050567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review comprehensively examines the impact of oxidative stress on military personnel, highlighting the crucial role of physical exercise and tailored diets, particularly the ketogenic diet, in minimizing this stress. Through a meticulous analysis of the recent literature, the study emphasizes how regular physical exercise not only enhances cardiovascular, cognitive, and musculoskeletal health but is also essential in neutralizing the effects of oxidative stress, thereby improving endurance and performance during long-term missions. Furthermore, the implementation of the ketogenic diet provides an efficient and consistent energy source through ketone bodies, tailored to the specific energy requirements of military activities, and significantly contributes to the reduction in reactive oxygen species production, thus protecting against cellular deterioration under extreme stress. The study also underlines the importance of integrating advanced technologies, such as wearable devices and smart sensors that allow for the precise and real-time monitoring of oxidative stress and physiological responses, thus facilitating the customization of training and nutritional regimes. Observations from this review emphasize significant variability among individuals in responses to oxidative stress, highlighting the need for a personalized approach in formulating intervention strategies. It is crucial to develop and implement well-monitored, personalized supplementation protocols to ensure that each member of the military personnel receives a regimen tailored to their specific needs, thereby maximizing the effectiveness of measures to combat oxidative stress. This analysis makes a valuable contribution to the specialized literature, proposing a detailed framework for addressing oxidative stress in the armed forces and opening new directions for future research with the aim of optimizing clinical practices and improving the health and performance of military personnel under stress and specific challenges of the military field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumitru Radulescu
- Department of Surgery, The Military Emergency Clinical Hospital ‘Dr. Stefan Odobleja’ Craiova, 200749 Craiova, Romania; (D.R.); (E.-I.C.); (P.-M.R.); (G.-A.M.)
| | - Florina-Diana Mihai
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Major Emil-Tiberius Trasca
- Department of Surgery, The Military Emergency Clinical Hospital ‘Dr. Stefan Odobleja’ Craiova, 200749 Craiova, Romania; (D.R.); (E.-I.C.); (P.-M.R.); (G.-A.M.)
| | - Elena-Irina Caluianu
- Department of Surgery, The Military Emergency Clinical Hospital ‘Dr. Stefan Odobleja’ Craiova, 200749 Craiova, Romania; (D.R.); (E.-I.C.); (P.-M.R.); (G.-A.M.)
| | - Captain Dan Marian Calafeteanu
- Department of Ortopedics, The Military Emergency Clinical Hospital ‘Dr. Stefan Odobleja’ Craiova, 200749 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Patricia-Mihaela Radulescu
- Department of Surgery, The Military Emergency Clinical Hospital ‘Dr. Stefan Odobleja’ Craiova, 200749 Craiova, Romania; (D.R.); (E.-I.C.); (P.-M.R.); (G.-A.M.)
| | - Razvan Mercut
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | | | - Georgiana-Andreea Marinescu
- Department of Surgery, The Military Emergency Clinical Hospital ‘Dr. Stefan Odobleja’ Craiova, 200749 Craiova, Romania; (D.R.); (E.-I.C.); (P.-M.R.); (G.-A.M.)
| | - Cristian-Adrian Siloşi
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | | | - Suzana Danoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
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15
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Lv L, Chen Q, Lu J, Zhao Q, Wang H, Li J, Yuan K, Dong Z. Potential regulatory role of epigenetic modifications in aging-related heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2024; 401:131858. [PMID: 38360101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a serious clinical syndrome and a serious development or advanced stage of various heart diseases. Aging is an independent factor that causes pathological damage in cardiomyopathy and participates in the occurrence of HF at the molecular level by affecting mechanisms such as telomere shortening and mitochondrial dysfunction. Epigenetic changes have a significant impact on the aging process, and there is increasing evidence that genetic and epigenetic changes are key features of aging and aging-related diseases. Epigenetic modifications can affect genetic information by changing the chromatin state without changing the DNA sequence. Most of the genetic loci that are highly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are located in non-coding regions of the genome; therefore, the epigenetic mechanism of CVD has attracted much attention. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of HF during aging and epigenetic modifications mediating aging-related HF, emphasizing that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of aging-related CVD and can be used as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - QiuYu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Acousto-Optic Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment in Heilongjiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - HongYan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - JiaHao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - KeYing Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - ZengXiang Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Acousto-Optic Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment in Heilongjiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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16
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Jansson AK, Duncan MJ, Bauman A, Smith JJ, Lubans DR, Attia J, Plotnikoff RC. A Mobile Health Resistance Training Intervention Using Outdoor Gym Equipment: Process Evaluation of the Ecofit Effectiveness Randomized Controlled Trial. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:405-412. [PMID: 38335945 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few mobile health resistance-based physical activity interventions have targeted community-dwelling adults. "Ecofit" is a multicomponent intervention that promotes resistance and aerobic activities using smartphone technology, outdoor gyms, and social support. This study evaluated process evaluation outcomes of the ecofit randomized controlled trial: (1) the acceptability and usability of the ecofit smartphone app and app user workouts; (2) perceptions of factors influencing outdoor gym use; and (3) the fidelity, reach, recruitment, and dose received of the ecofit program. METHODS Process data were collected through program evaluation surveys at 3 months, and app usage data were collected via the intervention platform for up to 3 months. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS The survey was completed by 57% (n = 69) of eligible participants. The majority (93%) believed the app provided them with sufficient information to perform muscle-strengthening activities. Approximately half (51%) agreed that the goal-setting function encouraged them to complete their workouts, and 42% agreed that the self-assessment helped them monitor progress. "Proximity" to outdoor gyms emerged as the most important factor for choosing locations to workout (mean = 5.5, SD = 1.1). Participants logged a median of 5.5 (interquartile range = 19) workouts and 1 (interquartile range = 1) upper- and lower-body muscular fitness self-assessment. CONCLUSIONS The ecofit app provided participants with sufficient skills to perform unsupervised resistance training exercises using mobile health. Only half of the participants regarded self-assessments and goal setting as useful, suggesting a need for modifications to how these are implemented. Mobile health remains a promising delivery platform to promote unsupervised resistance training, although more research is needed to improve uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Jansson
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Mitch J Duncan
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jordan J Smith
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - David R Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald C Plotnikoff
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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17
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Boutouis S, Wymbs F, Franz B. The association between marijuana and e-cigarette use and exercise behavior among adults. Prev Med Rep 2024; 40:102668. [PMID: 38469398 PMCID: PMC10926305 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As the prevalence of marijuana and e-cigarette use among American adults rises and the perceived risk decreases, more information is needed on the potential costs and benefits of marijuana and e-cigarette use, including patterns of exercise. Prior studies have found mixed results, lacked data on types of exercise, and involved only adolescents and young adults. Thus, the current study explored whether marijuana and e-cigarette use are associated with strength training, walking for exercise, or general physical activity among adults in the United States. Method 2,591 adults from Wave V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (2016-2018) comprised the sample. Separate one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and post hoc tests examined whether participants' marijuana and e-cigarette use predicted their exercise, while follow-up analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) probed significant effects. Results Results indicated that participants' marijuana and e-cigarette use predicted their walking for exercise, with marijuana users walking the highest number of times per week, followed by non-users, e-cigarette users, and dual users. However, this effect only approached significance after controlling for covariates. There were no significant differences in strength training or general exercise between groups. Conclusion These findings challenge the stereotype that marijuana and e-cigarette users are less active than non-users, and future research should examine the potential mechanisms of these findings.
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18
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Lee DC, Brellenthin AG, Lanningham-Foster LM, Kohut ML, Li Y. Aerobic, resistance, or combined exercise training and cardiovascular risk profile in overweight or obese adults: the CardioRACE trial. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:1127-1142. [PMID: 38233024 PMCID: PMC10984570 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To determine the comparative efficacy of resistance, aerobic, and combined resistance plus aerobic exercise on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile. METHODS This randomized controlled trial enrolled 406 adults aged 35-70 years with overweight or obesity and elevated blood pressure. Participants were randomly assigned to resistance (n = 102), aerobic (n = 101), combined resistance plus aerobic exercise (n = 101), or no-exercise control (n = 102). All exercise participants were prescribed 1 h of time-matched supervised exercise (the combination group with 30 min of each resistance and aerobic exercise) three times per week for 1 year. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to 1 year in the standardized composite Z-score of four well-established CVD risk factors: systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, fasting glucose, and per cent body fat. RESULTS Among 406 participants (53% women), 381 (94%) completed 1-year follow-up. Compared with the control group, the composite Z-score decreased at 1 year, which indicates improved CVD risk profile, in the aerobic {mean difference, -0.15 [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.27 to -0.04]; P = .01} and combination [mean difference, -0.16 (95% CI: -0.27 to -0.04); P = .009] groups, but not in the resistance [mean difference, -0.02 (95% CI: -0.14 to 0.09); P = .69] group. Both aerobic and combination groups had greater reductions in the composite Z-score compared with the resistance group (both P = .03), and there was no difference between the aerobic and combination groups (P = .96). Regarding the four individual CVD risk factors, only per cent body fat decreased in all three exercise groups at 1 year, but systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and fasting glucose did not decrease in any exercise groups, compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS In adults with overweight or obesity, aerobic exercise alone or combined resistance plus aerobic exercise, but not resistance exercise alone, improved composite CVD risk profile compared with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duck-chul Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, 534 Wallace Road, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | | | - Marian L Kohut
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, 534 Wallace Road, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yehua Li
- Department of Statistics, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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19
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Nazir A, Heryaman H, Juli C, Ugusman A, Martha JW, Moeliono MA, Atik N. Resistance Training in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review on Its Effectiveness in Controlling Risk Factors. Integr Blood Press Control 2024; 17:21-37. [PMID: 38523733 PMCID: PMC10959113 DOI: 10.2147/ibpc.s449086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), a term encompassing various disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, includes coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD is primarily due to the development of atherosclerotic plaques that disrupt blood flow, oxygenation, and nutrient delivery to the myocardium. Risk factors contributing to CAD progression include smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemia, and obesity. While aerobic exercise (AE) has shown promising results in controlling CVD risk factors, the impact of resistance training (RT) has not been extensively investigated. This review aims to describe the effects of RT on CVD risk factors based on studies retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Both isometric and isotonic RT have been found to decrease systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, or mean arterial pressure, with SBP showing a more significant reduction. Hypertensive patients engaging in RT alongside a calorie-restricted diet demonstrated significant improvements in blood pressure. RT is associated with increased nitric oxide bioavailability, sympathetic modulation, and enhanced endothelial function. In type-2 DM patients, 8-12 weeks of RT led to improvements in fasting blood glucose levels, insulin secretion, metabolic syndrome risk, and glucose transporter numbers. Combining AE with RT had a more significant impact in reducing insulin resistance and enhancing blood glucose compared to performing exercises separately. It also significantly decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels while increasing high-density lipoprotein within 12 weeks of application. However, improvements are considered insignificant when lipid levels are already low to normal at baseline. The administration of RT resulted in weight loss and improved body mass index, with more pronounced effects seen when combining AE with RT and a calorie-restricted diet. Considering these results, the administration of RT, either alone or in combination with AE, proves beneficial in rehabilitating CAD patients by improving various risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnengsih Nazir
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, WJ, Indonesia
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, WJ, Indonesia
| | - Henhen Heryaman
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, WJ, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, WJ, Indonesia
| | - Cep Juli
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Padjadjaran University, Bandung, WJ, Indonesia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Januar Wibawa Martha
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, WJ, Indonesia
| | - Marina Annette Moeliono
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, WJ, Indonesia
| | - Nur Atik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, WJ, Indonesia
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20
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Janssen H, Koekkoek LL, Swirski FK. Effects of lifestyle factors on leukocytes in cardiovascular health and disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:157-169. [PMID: 37752350 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Exercise, stress, sleep and diet are four distinct but intertwined lifestyle factors that influence the cardiovascular system. Abundant epidemiological, clinical and preclinical studies have underscored the importance of managing stress, having good sleep hygiene and responsible eating habits and exercising regularly. We are born with a genetic blueprint that can protect us against or predispose us to a particular disease. However, lifestyle factors build upon and profoundly influence those predispositions. Studies in the past 10 years have shown that the immune system in general and leukocytes in particular are particularly susceptible to environmental perturbations. Lifestyle factors such as stress, sleep, diet and exercise affect leukocyte behaviour and function and thus the immune system at large. In this Review, we explore the various mechanisms by which lifestyle factors modulate haematopoiesis and leukocyte migration and function in the context of cardiovascular health. We pay particular attention to the role of the nervous system as the key executor that connects environmental influences to leukocyte behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Janssen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura L Koekkoek
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- The Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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21
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Torun A. Role of Resistance Exercise in Cardiology. Anatol J Cardiol 2024; 28:217-221. [PMID: 38327182 PMCID: PMC11059226 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2023.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance exercise is a form of exercise that increases muscular strength and endurance by exercising a muscle or muscle group against external resistance. Resistance exercises have an important potential in preventing cardiac diseases, increasing treatment efficiency, and improving quality of life. In spite of the fact that the vast majority of cardiology research to date has focused on aerobic exercise, an increasing number of studies on resistance exercise have been published in the past few years. Although resistance exercise was combined with aerobic exercise in most of these studies, its isolated efficacy was also examined. In conditions such as coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiac rehabilitation, resistance exercise (RE) is regarded as a potentially beneficial approach. In addition to interventional and medical treatments, resistance exercise can also be considered as a cost-effective and sustainable method. The effects of resistance exercise on a variety of cardiovascular conditions were investigated in this evaluation of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akın Torun
- Department of Cardiology, Sultan II. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Türkiye
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22
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Vasileva F, Hristovski R, Font-Lladó R, Georgiev G, Sacot A, López-Ros V, Calleja-González J, Barretina-Ginesta J, López-Bermejo A, Prats-Puig A. Physical Exercise-Induced DNA Methylation in Disease-Related Genes in Healthy Adults-A Systematic Review With Bioinformatic Analysis. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:384-393. [PMID: 38088908 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Vasileva, F, Hristovski, R, Font-Lladó, R, Georgiev, G, Sacot, A, López-Ros, V, Calleja-González, J, Barretina-Ginesta, J, López-Bermejo, A, and Prats-Puig, A. Physical exercise-induced DNA methylation in disease-related genes in healthy adults-A systematic review with bioinformatic analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): 384-393, 2024-This study aimed to systematically review the existing literature regarding physical exercise (PE) and DNA methylation (DNAm) in healthy adults. Specific goals were to (a) identify differently methylated genes (DMGs) after PE intervention, their imprinting status, chromosome and genomic location, function, and related diseases; and (b) to screen for core genes and identify methylation changes of the core genes that can be modified by PE intervention. Our search identified 2,869 articles from which 8 were finally included. We identified 1851 DMGs ( p < 0.05) after PE intervention, although 45 of them were imprinted. Aerobic exercise (AE) seems to induce more DNA hypermethylation rather than hypomethylation, whereas anaerobic exercise (AN) seems to induce more DNA hypomethylation rather than hypermethylation. Aerobic exercise induced highest % of methylation changes on chromosome 6, whereas AN and mixed type (MT) on chromosome 1. Mixed type induced higher % of methylation changes close to transcription start site in comparison to AE and AN. After PE intervention, DMGs were mainly involved in fat metabolism, cell growth, and neuronal differentiation, whereas diseases regulated by those genes were mainly chronic diseases (metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative). Finally, 19 core genes were identified among DMGs, all related to protein metabolism. In conclusion, our findings may shed some light on the mechanisms explaining PE-induced health benefits such as the potential role that PE-induced DNAm may have in disease prevention and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidanka Vasileva
- University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain
| | - Robert Hristovski
- Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Raquel Font-Lladó
- University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Research Group of Culture and Education, Institute of Educational Research, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Georgi Georgiev
- Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Arnau Sacot
- University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Basquet Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Víctor López-Ros
- University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Chair of Sport and Physical Education-Centre of Olympic Studies, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Julio Calleja-González
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | | | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Josep Girona Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; and
| | - Anna Prats-Puig
- University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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23
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Su Y, Wang F, Wang M, He S, Yang X, Luan Z. Effects of blood flow restriction training on muscle fitness and cardiovascular risk of obese college students. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1252052. [PMID: 38235388 PMCID: PMC10791898 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1252052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of blood flow restriction (BFR) combined with low-intensity resistance training (RT) on cardiovascular risk factors in obese individuals. Methods: Twenty-six male obese college students were recruited and randomly assigned to a control group (CON, n = 8), a low-intensity RT group (RT, n = 9), and a combined BFR training and low-intensity RT group (BFRT, n = 9). Results: The subjects in BFRT group showed significant reductions in body fat percentage and waist-to-hip ratio and a significant increase in lean mass and muscle mass; the peak torque, peak power, and endurance ratio of knee extensors and elbow flexors were significantly upregulated; the root mean square (RMS) for the medial femoral muscle, lateral femoral muscle and biceps significantly increased; the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) showed a significant decrease. The BFRT group also showed significant up-regulations in RMS of the difference between the adjacent R-R intervals (RMSSD), high-frequency power (HF) of parasympathetic modulatory capacity, the standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN) of overall heart rate variability (HRV) changes and low-frequency power (LF) of predominantly sympathetic activity. In addition, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were all significantly downregulated in BFRT group. In parallel, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) significantly reduced while high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) significantly increased in BFRT group. Conclusion: BFR combined with low-intensity RT training effectively improved body composition index, increased muscle mass, improved neuromuscular activation, enhanced muscle strength and endurance, which in turn improved abnormal glucolipid metabolism and enhanced cardiac autonomic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Su
- Key Laboratory of Sports Human Science in Liaoning Province, College of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Fuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Human Science in Liaoning Province, College of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Human Science in Liaoning Province, College of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Shiyong He
- Key Laboratory of Sports Human Science in Liaoning Province, College of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Human Science in Liaoning Province, College of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhilin Luan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Mendes BF, Improta-Caria AC, Diniz E Magalhães CO, Peixoto MFD, Cassilhas RC, de Oliveira EM, De Sousa RAL. Resistance Training Reduces Blood Pressure: Putative Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Hypertens Rev 2024; 20:52-56. [PMID: 38258772 DOI: 10.2174/0115734021277791240102041632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by higher blood pressure levels. The main treatment for controlling high blood pressure consists of drug therapy, but the scientific literature has been pointing to the efficiency of aerobic and resistance exercises acting in a therapeutic and/or preventive way to reduce and control the blood pressure levels. Resistance training is characterized by sets and repetitions on a given muscle segment that uses overload, such as machine weights, bars, and dumbbells. As it successfully affects a number of variables associated to practitioners' functional and physiological features as well as emotional and social variables, resistance training has been a crucial part of physical exercise programs. Several reports highlight the various adaptive responses it provides, with a focus on the improvement in strength, balance, and muscular endurance that enables a more active and healthy lifestyle. Resistance training programs that are acute, sub-chronic, or chronic can help people with varying ages, conditions, and pathologies reduce their arterial hypertension. However, molecular mechanisms associated with resistance training to reduce blood pressure still need to be better understood. Thus, we aimed to understand the main effects of resistance training on blood pressure as well as the associated molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ferreira Mendes
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Caique Olegário Diniz E Magalhães
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabricio Dias Peixoto
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Paquin A, Werlang A, Coutinho T. Arterial Health After Preeclampsia: Role of Chronic Hypertension in the Early Vascular Aging (EVA) Study. Am J Hypertens 2024; 37:24-32. [PMID: 37638873 PMCID: PMC10724522 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Recent data have shown worse left ventricular remodeling and diastolic function in women with PE and persistent hypertension (HTN). We performed a comprehensive arterial hemodynamic assessment to evaluate the contribution of persistent HTN on arterial health after PE. METHODS We recruited 40 women with PE history and 40 age-matched controls (6 months to 6 years postpartum). We evaluated arterial hemodynamics with validated techniques combining applanation tonometry and transthoracic echocardiography, comparing three groups: previous PE with persistent HTN (PE-HTN), previous PE with normalized blood pressure (PE-noHTN) and controls, using multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, body surface area, heart rate, diabetes, smoking history, creatinine, and gravidity. RESULTS Eight (20%) of the post-PE women had persistent HTN. Mean age was 35.8 ± 3.9 years, median number of pregnancies was 2 (range 1-7), and time since last pregnancy 2.1 (range 0.5-5.7) years (not different between groups, P > 0.05). Compared to controls and to PE-noHTN, PE-HTN had higher aortic stiffness, wave reflections, pulsatile, and steady arterial load (P < 0.05 for each). Among PE-noHTN, aortic stiffness, wave reflections and steady arterial load were worse than controls (P < 0.05 for each), with smaller effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS This is the most comprehensive assessment of arterial hemodynamics and first to demonstrate the contribution of persistent HTN on worse arterial health following PE. Since measures of arterial health are associated with cardiovascular events in the population, the combination of previous PE and chronic HTN may represent a higher risk subgroup who could benefit from targeted prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Paquin
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- The Canadian Women’s Heart Health Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana Werlang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thais Coutinho
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- The Canadian Women’s Heart Health Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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26
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Hager A, Guo Y, Wang Y, Mazurak V, Gilmour SM, Mager DR. Exercise rehabilitation to treat sarcopenia in pediatric transplant populations. Pediatr Transplant 2023; 27:e14602. [PMID: 37746869 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adult transplant (Tx) populations, exercise rehabilitation strategies may improve sarcopenia components (muscle mass [MM], strength [MS], and physical performance [PP]). Limited data are available regarding exercise rehabilitation therapy in pediatric Tx populations. METHODS The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the feasibility and impact of exercise programs (EP) that include resistance exercise (RE) on markers of sarcopenia in pediatric Tx populations. Literature searches in SCOPUS and WEB OF SCIENCE were conducted to identify studies applying EP with a RE component in pediatric populations in the Tx setting. RESULTS Twelve articles (2008-2022) met inclusion criteria. The exercise interventions varied in length (3 weeks-12 months), intensity (low to moderate), time pre/post Tx (0 days-5 years post Tx), age of participants (3-18 years), adherence (63%-94%), and methodologies to measure components of sarcopenia. No studies measured all three components of sarcopenia concurrently. Approximately, 60% of studies found positive effects on MS and PP. Only one pediatric study measured body composition, therefore, the effect of exercise programs with RE components on MM is unknown. CONCLUSIONS Exercise programs may be a beneficial treatment for sarcopenia in Tx populations, particularly in components of MS and PP. Studies measuring all three aspects of sarcopenia together in response to RE training in pediatrics remains an important gap. Studies that include body composition measurements in response to exercise are needed. Special considerations for the development of RE programs in pediatrics Tx populations are safety, supervision, engagement through family/peer involvement and incorporation of game/play-based elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Hager
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yuxin Guo
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vera Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan M Gilmour
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition/Transplant Services, The Stollery Children's Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Diana R Mager
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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27
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Vergallo R, Galiuto L. Physical activity patterns and cardiovascular health: 'yes, weekend!'. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:4406-4407. [PMID: 37592862 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Vergallo
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department (DICATOV), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 6-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Leonarda Galiuto
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Andrea, Rome, Italy
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28
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Alemayehu A, Teferi G. Effectiveness of Aerobic, Resistance, and Combined Training for Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ethiop J Health Sci 2023; 33:1063-1074. [PMID: 38784482 PMCID: PMC11111269 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i6.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Physical exercise is a well-established method for managing blood pressure (BP). The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of aerobic, resistance, and a combination of both aerobic plus resistance training on BP, body composition (BC), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among hypertensive patients. Methods The total population was sixty hypertensive patients; of these, forty-eight male adults (45.28 ± 7.44, years); with a sedentary lifestyle were randomized to one of the three exercise interventions or a control group. Subjects in all three exercise groups had an equal total exercise time (60 minutes), which included 10-15 minutes of warming up and dynamic stretching, 10-15 minutes of cooling down and static stretching and 30- 40 minutes for the main workout. Data were presented as mean (standard deviation, SD) or mean change with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results All three-intervention trainings showed improvement in BP, CRF, and BC. However, the most effective intervention training was combined training. Combined training resulted in significant reductions in body composition, resting heart rate (RHR) and, BP: body weight -7.92 kg, BML -5.96 kg/m2, SBP -17.75mmHg, DBP -12.5 mmHg, RHR -8.17 bpm, and percent body fat (%BF) -6.49%. The aerobic training group only increased VO2max 12.44 ml/kg/m. Conclusion Compared to aerobic or resistance training alone, a 12-week of combination exercise may offer more comprehensive advantages for those at a higher risk for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addis Alemayehu
- Department of Sport Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Getu Teferi
- Department of Sport Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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29
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Lisi V, Senesi G, Balbi C. Converging protective pathways: Exploring the linkage between physical exercise, extracellular vesicles and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:718-727. [PMID: 37739138 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Physical Exercise (EXR) has been shown to have numerous beneficial effects on various systems in the human body. It leads to a decrease in the risk of mortality from chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, metabolic and central nervous system disorders. EXR results in improving cardiovascular fitness, cognitive function, immune activity, endocrine action, and musculoskeletal health. These positive effects make EXR a valuable intervention for promoting overall health and well-being in individuals of all ages. These beneficial effects are partially mediated by the role of the regular EXR in the adaptation to redox homeostasis counteracting the sudden increase of ROS, the hallmark of many chronic diseases. EXR can trigger the release of numerous humoral factors, e.g. protein, microRNA (miRs), and DNA, that can be shuttled as cargo of Extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs show different cargo modification after oxidative stress stimuli as well as after EXR. In this review, we aim to highlight the main studies on the role of EVs released during EXR and oxidative stress conditions in enhancing the antioxidant enzymes pathway and in the decrease of oxidative stress environment mediated by their cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lisi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Senesi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Ahmad AM, Serry ZH, Abd Elghaffar HA, Ghazi HA, El Gayar SL. Effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined training on thyroid function and quality of life in hypothyroidism. A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 53:101795. [PMID: 37659172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercises on thyroid function, lipid profile, exercise capacity, and quality of life (QoL) in hypothyroid women. METHODS Sixty women aged 35 to 45 with clinical hypothyroidism were randomized to four equal groups: aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), combined AT/RT, and control groups. All exercises were performed at low to moderate intensity, three days per week, and for 12 weeks. Patients in all groups were on levothyroxine therapy. Outcome measures were free thyroxin (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), lipid profile, estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and QoL assessed by the 12-item Short Form (SF-12) Health Survey. RESULTS All exercise groups showed significant improvements in all outcome measures compared to the baseline and the controls (p < 0.05). The combined AT/RT group showed more significant improvements in TSH and the mental component summary score of the SF-12 compared to the AT and RT groups (p < 0.05). The AT group showed the most significant improvement in estimated VO2 max, followed by the combined AT/RT and then the RT group. Non-significant differences were found between exercise groups in T4, blood lipids, and the physical component summary score of the SF-12 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION In women with hypothyroidism on levothyroxine treatment, all AT, RT, and combined AT/RT could equally improve T4 levels, lipid profile, and physical health-related QoL. However, the combined AT/RT could induce the greatest improvements in TSH and mental health-related QoL, while the AT could have the greatest impact on exercise capacity in these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR), retrospective, PACTR202305810673587.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mahdi Ahmad
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Zahra Hassan Serry
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba Ali Abd Elghaffar
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hossam Arafa Ghazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Tarar BI, Knox A, Dean CA, Brown EC. Resistance training responses across race and ethnicity: a narrative review. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2023; 28:1221-1237. [PMID: 37183720 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2023.2212147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the physiological mechanisms are not fully understood, race/ethnicity differences vary across cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Resistance training (RT) is an effective therapy for improving these risk factors in addition to body composition and physical performance. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of RT over time on different racial and ethnic populations across cardiometabolic, body composition, and physical performance outcomes. DESIGN Electronic databases Scopus and PubMed were searched for studies that compared different racial/ethnic responses to RT across cardiometabolic, body composition, and physical performance parameters. Inclusion criteria for the studies were as follows: (1) published in the English language; (2) compared races or ethnicities across cardiometabolic risk factors, body composition, or physical performance variables following a RT intervention; (3) included adults 18 years or older, and (4) included an isolated RT intervention group. RESULTS Nine studies were found that met the inclusion criteria. The identified studies involved cohorts of White American (WA), South Asian, European Chilean, Mapuche Chilean, White Scottish, and African American (AA) males and females. Race/ethnicity differences following a RT intervention were found for fat-free mass preservation and changes in blood pressure, endothelial function, brachial artery stiffness, cardiac autonomic function, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, insulin sensitivity, body mass index, waist circumference, % body fat, and muscular strength. With the exception of changes in systolic blood pressure and brachial artery stiffness, AAs consistently showed more beneficial adaptations compared to WAs to RT across studies. CONCLUSION Race and ethnicity play a role in how adults adapt to chronic RT. These data may aid in better understanding the social, biological, and environmental factors that likely influenced these racial/ethnic differences in response to RT, assist in creating tailored exercise prescriptions for various racial/ethnic populations, and inform policies for determining resource allocations to address health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ihsan Tarar
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Allan Knox
- Department of Exercise Science, College of Arts and Sciences, California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Caress Alithia Dean
- Department of Public and Environmental Wellness, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Elise Catherine Brown
- Department of Public and Environmental Wellness, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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Camara M, Lima KC, Freire YA, Souto GC, Macêdo GAD, Silva RDM, Cabral LLP, Browne RAV, Lemos TMAM, Waters DL, Vieira ER, Manini TM, Costa EC. Independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength with cardiometabolic risk in older adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292957. [PMID: 37871003 PMCID: PMC10593220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the independent and joint associations of low cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength with cardiometabolic risk in older adults. A total of 360 community-dwelling older adults aged 60-80 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Cardiometabolic risk was based on the diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome and poor Ideal Cardiovascular Health according to the American Heart Association guidelines. Cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength were estimated using the six-minute walk and the 30-second chair stand tests, respectively. Participants in the 20th percentile were defined as having low cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength. Poisson's regression was used to determine the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of Metabolic Syndrome and poor Ideal Cardiovascular Health. Participants with low cardiorespiratory fitness alone and combined with low lower-limb muscle strength were similarly associated with a higher risk for Metabolic Syndrome (PR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.48, and PR 1.32, 95% CI 1.10-1.58, respectively), and poor Ideal Cardiovascular Health (PR 1.76, 95% CI 1.25-2.47, and PR 1.65, 95% CI 1.19-2.28, respectively). Low lower-limb muscle strength alone was not associated with a higher risk for either Metabolic Syndrome or poor Ideal Cardiovascular Health (PR 1.23, 95% CI 0.81-1.87, and PR 1.11, 95% CI 0.89-1.37, respectively). Low cardiorespiratory fitness alone or combined with low lower-limb muscle strength, but not low lower-limb muscle strength alone, was associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk in older adults. The assessment of physical fitness may be a "window of opportunity" to identify youngest-old adults with a high cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcyo Camara
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Kenio C. Lima
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Yuri A. Freire
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C. Souto
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Geovani A. D. Macêdo
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Raissa de M. Silva
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ludmila L. P. Cabral
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. V. Browne
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Telma M. A. M. Lemos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Debra L. Waters
- Department of Medicine and School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
- Department of General Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Edgar R. Vieira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Todd M. Manini
- Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Caldas Costa
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Lou Y, Sun N, Zhang M, Qiu Y, Wang J, Chen J. Trends in exercise for hypertension: a bibliometric analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1260569. [PMID: 37937288 PMCID: PMC10627159 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1260569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate development trends and research hotspots of exercise for hypertension research and provide researchers with fresh perspectives for further studies. Materials and methods Articles and reviews regarding exercise and hypertension spanning May 1st 2003 to May 18th 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. VOSviewer and Citespace were mainly used to perform and visualize co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence analysis of countries, institutions, authors, references and keywords in this field. Results A total of 1,643 peer-reviewed papers were identified, displaying a consistent increasing trend over time. The most prolific country and institution were Brazil and University of Sao Paulo, respectively. And we identified the most productive author was lrigoyen, Maria Claudia C, while Pescatello Linda S was the most co-cited author. Journal of hypertension was the most prominent journal, and Hypertension was the journal which was the most co-cited. And this field can be divided into 3 research themes: exercise interventions for hypertension, age-specific relevance of exercise for hypertension, and the global burden of hypertension and the role of exercise. According to the result of keywords analysis, epidemiological information, types of exercise, target population, mechanism, and study design are significant research areas. "Resistance training", "adults", and "heart rate variability" were identified as the major future research foci. Conclusions The findings offer a scientific insight into exercise for hypertension research, presenting researchers with valuable information to understand the current research status, hotspots, and emerging trends for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lou
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Zhejiang Zhoushan Tourism and Health College, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yongzhen Qiu
- Department of Nursing, Lishui Central Hospital and Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Lishui, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Nursing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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Trillaud E, Klemmer P, Malin SK, Erdbrügger U. Tracking Biomarker Responses to Exercise in Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2023; 25:299-311. [PMID: 37428393 PMCID: PMC10505098 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-023-01252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Strong evidence is evolving that physical exercise prevents hypertension and reduces blood pressure in patients with pre- and manifest HTN. Yet, identifying and confirming the effectiveness of exercise are challenging. Herein, we discuss conventional and novel biomarkers such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) which may track responses to HTN before and after exercise. RECENT FINDINGS Evolving data shows that improved aerobic fitness and vascular function as well as lowered oxidative stress, inflammation, and gluco-lipid toxicity are leading biomarkers considered to promote HTN, but they explain only about a half of the pathophysiology. Novel biomarkers such as EVs or microRNA are providing additional input to understand the complex mechanisms involved in exercise therapy for HTN patients. Conventional and novel biomarkers are needed to fully understand the integrative "cross-talk" between tissues to regulate vasculature physiology for blood pressure control. These biomarker studies will lead to more specific disease markers and the development of even more personalized therapy in this field. However, more systematic approaches and randomized controlled trials in larger cohorts are needed to assess exercise effectiveness across the day and with different exercise types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Trillaud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Footwear R&D, On AG, Zurich, 8005, Switzerland.
| | - Philip Klemmer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Steven K Malin
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- The New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Edwards JJ, Deenmamode AHP, Griffiths M, Arnold O, Cooper NJ, Wiles JD, O'Driscoll JM. Exercise training and resting blood pressure: a large-scale pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1317-1326. [PMID: 37491419 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a large-scale pairwise and network meta-analysis on the effects of all relevant exercise training modes on resting blood pressure to establish optimal antihypertensive exercise prescription practices. DESIGN Systematic review and network meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed (Medline), the Cochrane library and Web of Science were systematically searched. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials published between 1990 and February 2023. All relevant work reporting reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) following an exercise intervention of ≥2 weeks, with an eligible non-intervention control group, were included. RESULTS 270 randomised controlled trials were ultimately included in the final analysis, with a pooled sample size of 15 827 participants. Pairwise analyses demonstrated significant reductions in resting SBP and DBP following aerobic exercise training (-4.49/-2.53 mm Hg, p<0.001), dynamic resistance training (-4.55/-3.04 mm Hg, p<0.001), combined training (-6.04/-2.54 mm Hg, p<0.001), high-intensity interval training (-4.08/-2.50 mm Hg, p<0.001) and isometric exercise training (-8.24/-4.00 mm Hg, p<0.001). As shown in the network meta-analysis, the rank order of effectiveness based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values for SBP were isometric exercise training (SUCRA: 98.3%), combined training (75.7%), dynamic resistance training (46.1%), aerobic exercise training (40.5%) and high-intensity interval training (39.4%). Secondary network meta-analyses revealed isometric wall squat and running as the most effective submodes for reducing SBP (90.4%) and DBP (91.3%), respectively. CONCLUSION Various exercise training modes improve resting blood pressure, particularly isometric exercise. The results of this analysis should inform future exercise guideline recommendations for the prevention and treatment of arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Edwards
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Algis H P Deenmamode
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Megan Griffiths
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Oliver Arnold
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Nicola J Cooper
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jonathan D Wiles
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Jamie M O'Driscoll
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, UK
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Dorgo S, Terrazas LA, Gonzalez MP, Dietze-Hermosa MS, Montalvo S. Effects of manual resistance versus weight resistance training on body composition and strength in young adults after a 14-week intervention. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 36:313-319. [PMID: 37949578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Manual Resistance Training (MRT) is an alternative training modality where the external resistance is provided by a spotter. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to observe changes in body composition and muscular fitness after a 14-week MRT intervention compared to changes elicited by a Weight Resistance Training (WRT) intervention. METHODS Eighty-four young adults were randomly assigned to either the MRT (n = 53, height 170.1 ± 8.1 cm, body mass 73.9 ± 16.0 kg, and body fat 24.6 ± 8.7%) or WRT (n = 31, mean ± SD: height 169.6 ± 10.1 cm, body mass 75.0 ± 17.4 kg, and body fat 24.7 ± 8.5%) group. Body composition was assessed by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), muscular strength and muscular endurance were tested before and after the intervention. RESULTS Findings indicated that trunk, arm, leg, and total lean mass increased in both groups after the intervention (p < 0.05). Moreover, total fat mass significantly decreased compared to baseline in both groups (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant changes were observed in Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content in response to the intervention. Both MRT and WRT programs were successful at significantly increasing muscular strength and endurance (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The changes in body composition after a 14-week MRT program were similar to those of the WRT intervention. Hence, an MRT program may be effectively used to increase lean mass and decrease fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandor Dorgo
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lizette A Terrazas
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Matthew P Gonzalez
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Martin S Dietze-Hermosa
- Department of Human Performance and Recreation, Brigham Young University-Idaho, Rexburg, ID, USA
| | - Samuel Montalvo
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
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Zhao X, Hu F. Developing a predictive equation of cardiovascular age to evaluate cardiovascular health in Chinese community-dwelling women. Health Care Women Int 2023; 44:1239-1251. [PMID: 35766491 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2022.2091138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular health plays a dominant role in shaping the overall health of individuals. Our aim was to develop a predictive equation of cardiovascular age (CVA) and determine its validity. In this study, we developed an equation of CVA based on 101 healthy women by using multiple linear regression analysis. Based on cross-sectional validity tests, we discovered that the mean CVA is remarkably younger than the mean chronological age in the active group, while there was no statistical age difference in the non-active group. We conclude that CVA is a valid assessment to evaluate cardiovascular health in Chinese community-dwelling women. Healthcare practitioners should consider CVA as a motivational tool for increasing physical activity or modifying diet to improve cardiovascular health in community-dwelling women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Zhao
- Department of Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Hu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
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Thiago Faé M, Vier Gambetta M, Ramos N, Cristiane Lopes S, Oliveira Fischer Bacca C. Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases during medical academic training. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2023; 13:252-263. [PMID: 37736354 PMCID: PMC10509451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Previous studies disagree about the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) among medical students. OBJECTIVES Determine the CVRFs prevalence in medical students. Compare the FRCVs percentage from initial and advanced course stages. Evaluate whether the CVRFs percentage was similar to that from population in the same age group, as previously described in another studies. METHOD This is a cross-sectional observational study that evaluated the CVRFs prevalence in medical students using a semi-structured questionnaire, in addition to physical examination and laboratory tests. For statistical analysis, statistical package for the social science software (SPSS, version 22.0) was used. RESULTS 115 students were evaluated: 74.8%, female; mean age, 22.4±3.1 years. In the general sample was found altered dosages of total cholesterol (27.0%), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL, 5.2%), triglycerides (12.2%), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL, 8.7%), fasting glucose (4.3%), overweight (17.4%), obesity (5.2%), inadequate physical activity (45.2%), family history of cardiovascular disease (44.3%), stress (68.7%), anxiety (83.5%), insomnia (28.7%), sleep deprivation (60.0%), alcohol use (91.3%) and low cardiovascular risk (100.0%). The average score from PSS-14 questionnaire showed greater stress in the basic (27.0±6.7) and clinical cycle (28.3±7.1) and less stress in the internship (22.3±6.4). There was a statistical difference between the clinical cycle and internship (P < 0.05). During internship, there was a lower association between stress and graduation (33.3%), especially when compared to the clinical cycle (75.4%) (P < 0.01; ra=2.9). CONCLUSION CVRFs exposure and the risk of negative cardiovascular outcomes are lower in medical students when compared to young adult population. Suggestive of medical training contributes to self-care, health promotion, stress reduction and disease prevention, reducing the cardiovascular diseases prevalence, especially in the internship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samantha Cristiane Lopes
- Research Center in Medical Sciences, Investigations in Health - NPCMed, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Universitário para o Desenvolvimento do Alto Vale do Itajaí - UNIDAVI, Jardim AméricaRio do Sul, Santa Catarina, CEP 89160-932, Brazil
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Marques ACF, Rossi FE, Neves LM, Diniz TA, Messias IDA, Barela JA, Horak FB, Júnior IFF. Combined Aerobic and Strength Training Improves Dynamic Stability and can Prevent against Static Stability Decline in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRÍCIA 2023; 45:e465-e473. [PMID: 37683658 PMCID: PMC10491475 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of combined training (CT) in postural control and gait parameters in postmenopausal women. METHODS A parallel-group, randomized, control study was conducted with 16 weeks of combined training (n = 16) versus a non-training control group (n = 12) in postmenopausal women (aged 59.3 ± 8.0). Pre and postintervention assessments included postural control (using an AMTI force platform - Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA) and gait impairments (using baropodometry). In addition, the upper limb strength and abdominal tests, as well as aerobic capacity, assessed functional indicators. RESULTS The CT intervention in postmenopausal women resulted in improved gait (stride length (p = 0.006); speed (p = 0.013); double support time (p = 0.045); and improved postural control (displacement area of postural sway in a normal base of support with eyes open (p = 0.006). Combined training increased functional indicators (abdominal - p = 0.031; aerobic capacity - p = 0.002). CONCLUSION In conclusion, combined aerobic plus strength training effectively improved gait and balance control in older women. The postmenopausal women from the CT group walked faster and with bigger steps after the intervention than the control group. In addition, they presented decreased postural sway in standing and decreased the percentage of double support time while walking, which means improved static and dynamic balance control and functional indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrício Eduardo Rossi
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Lucas Melo Neves
- Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Iracimara de Anchieta Messias
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho,” Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - José A. Barela
- Department of Physical Education, Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Fay B. Horak
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ismael Forte Freitas Júnior
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho,” Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Hintikka JE, Ahtiainen JP, Permi P, Jalkanen S, Lehtonen M, Pekkala S. Aerobic exercise training and gut microbiome-associated metabolic shifts in women with overweight: a multi-omic study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11228. [PMID: 37433843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is essential in weight management, improves overall health, and mitigates obesity-related risk markers. Besides inducing changes in systemic metabolism, habitual exercise may improve gut's microbial diversity and increase the abundance of beneficial taxa in a correlated fashion. Since there is a lack of integrative omics studies on exercise and overweight populations, we studied the metabolomes and gut microbiota associated with programmed exercise in obese individuals. We measured the serum and fecal metabolites of 17 adult women with overweight during a 6-week endurance exercise program. Further, we integrated the exercise-responsive metabolites with variations in the gut microbiome and cardiorespiratory parameters. We found clear correlation with several serum and fecal metabolites, and metabolic pathways, during the exercise period in comparison to the control period, indicating increased lipid oxidation and oxidative stress. Especially, exercise caused co-occurring increase in levels of serum lyso-phosphatidylcholine moieties and fecal glycerophosphocholine. This signature was associated with several microbial metagenome pathways and the abundance of Akkermansia. The study demonstrates that, in the absence of body composition changes, aerobic exercise can induce metabolic shifts that provide substrates for beneficial gut microbiota in overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka E Hintikka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Juha P Ahtiainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Perttu Permi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Satu Pekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Isath A, Koziol KJ, Martinez MW, Garber CE, Martinez MN, Emery MS, Baggish AL, Naidu SS, Lavie CJ, Arena R, Krittanawong C. Exercise and cardiovascular health: A state-of-the-art review. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 79:44-52. [PMID: 37120119 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, and low levels of physical activity (PA) is a leading independent predictor of poor CV health and associated with an increased prevalence of risk factors that predispose to CVD development. In this review, we evaluate the benefits of exercise on CV health. We discuss the CV adaptations to exercise, focusing on the physiological changes in the heart and vasculature. We review the impact and benefits of exercise on specific CV prevention, including type II diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, and heart failure, in addition to CVD-related and all-cause mortality. Lastly, we evaluate the current PA guidelines and various modes of exercise, assessing the current literature for the effective regimens of PA that improve CVD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameesh Isath
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Centre and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States of America
| | - Klaudia J Koziol
- New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, United States of America
| | - Matthew W Martinez
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sports Cardiology and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Atlantic Health, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, United States of America
| | - Carol Ewing Garber
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Program in Applied Physiology, Teachers College, Columbia University, United States of America
| | - Matthew N Martinez
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael S Emery
- Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Section of Clinical Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Aaron L Baggish
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Srihari S Naidu
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Centre and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States of America
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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López-Ruiz I, Lozano F, Masia MD, González-Gálvez N. Multicomponent Training and Optimal Dosing Strategies for Adults with Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:115. [PMID: 37368565 DOI: 10.3390/sports11060115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Non-pharmacological interventions have demonstrated efficacy in the prevention, management, and control of hypertension. Multicomponent training confers a host of benefits to the general populace. The aim of this research was to assess the impact of multicomponent training on the blood pressure of adults with hypertension and ascertain the nature of the dose-response relationship. (2) Methods: This systematic review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. Eight studies were included, following a literature search across PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and EBSCO. Randomized controlled trials implementing multicomponent training interventions on adults with hypertension were considered for inclusion. A quality assessment was performed using the PEDro scale, with a random-effects model utilized for all analyses. (3) Results: Multicomponent training yielded a significant reduction in systolic (MD = -10.40, p < 0.001) and diastolic (MD = -5.97, p < 0.001) blood pressure relative to the control group. Interventions lasting over 14 weeks with a minimum frequency of three sessions per week, each lasting 60 min, were deemed most effective. (4) Conclusion: An optimal training intensity was achieved with 30 min of aerobic exercise at 75% of the heart rate reserve, whereas sets of 10 repetitions at 75% of one repetition maximum produced the best outcomes in strength training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel López-Ruiz
- Facultad del Deporte UCAM, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Lozano
- General University Hospital of Ciudad Real, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Dolores Masia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Hospital San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
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Salis F, Mandas A. Physical Performance and Falling Risk Are Associated with Five-Year Mortality in Older Adults: An Observational Cohort Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050964. [PMID: 37241196 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: Falls in older people have a significant impact on public health. The scientific literature has provided evidence about the necessity for older adults to be physically active, since it reduces the incidence of falls, several diseases, and deaths, and can even slow down some effects of aging. The primary aim of our study is to identify if physical performances and risk of falling are related to 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year mortality. Its secondary aim is to establish if people with both severely impaired physical performance and a high risk of falling also present impairment in other geriatric domains. Methods: In this prospective study, we enrolled subjects aged 65 years or more, subjected them to comprehensive assessment (including assessment of risk of falling, physical capacities, comorbidities, autonomies in daily living, cognitive abilities, mood, and nutritional status), and followed them for 5 years. Results: We included 384 subjects, 280 of whom were women (72.7%), with a median age of 81 years. Our results showed that physical performances and risk of falling are highly correlated to each other (rho = 0.828). After divided the sample into three groups (people without augmented risk of falling and able to perform adequate physical activity; people with moderate risk of falling and/or disability; people with severe risk of falling and/or disability), we found that the more severe the disability and risk of falling were, the more compromised the other geriatric domains were. Moreover, the survival probability progressively increased following the same trend, amounting to only 41% in severely compromised people, 51.1% in moderately compromised people, and 62.8% in people without physical compromise nor an augmented falling risk (p = 0.0124). Conclusions: Poor physical performance combined with a high risk of falling, correlated with each other, are associated with higher mortality and impairment in multiple domains in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Salis
- Department of Medical Sciences, and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS 554 Bivio Sestu, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Mandas
- Department of Medical Sciences, and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS 554 Bivio Sestu, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
- University Hospital "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria" of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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Sant'Ana L, Monteiro D, Budde H, Ribeiro AADS, Vieira JG, Monteiro ER, Scartoni FR, Machado S, Vianna JM. Chronic Effects of Different Intensities of Interval Training on Hemodynamic, Autonomic and Cardiorespiratory Variables of Physically Active Elderly People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095619. [PMID: 37174139 PMCID: PMC10177898 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Interval training (IT) is a very efficient method. We aimed to verify the chronic effects of IT with different intensities on hemodynamic, autonomic and cardiorespiratory variables in the elderly. Twenty-four physically active elderly men participated in the study and were randomized into three groups: Training Group A (TGA, n = 8), Training Group B (TGB, n = 8) and control group (CG, n = 8). The TGA and TGB groups performed 32 sessions (48 h interval). TGA presented 4 min (55 to 60% of HRmax) and 1 min (70 to 75% of HRmax). The TGB training groups performed the same protocol, but performed 4 min at 45 to 50% HRmax and 1 min at 60 to 65% HRmax. Both training groups performed each set six times, totaling 30 min per session. Assessments were performed pre (baseline) after the 16th and 32nd intervention session. The CG performed only assessments. Hemodynamic, autonomic and cardiorespiratory (estimated VO2max) variables were evaluated. There were no significant differences between protocols and times (p > 0.05). However, the effect size and percentage delta indicated positive clinical outcomes, indicating favorable responses of IT. IT may be a strategy to improve hemodynamic, autonomic and cardiorespiratory behavior in healthy elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Sant'Ana
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
- Strength Training Studies and Research Laboratory, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Henning Budde
- Institute for Systems Medicine (ISM), Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Science and Medical University, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aline Aparecida de Souza Ribeiro
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
- Strength Training Studies and Research Laboratory, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
| | - João Guilherme Vieira
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
- Strength Training Studies and Research Laboratory, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Estêvão Rios Monteiro
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, RJ, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro 20911-300, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, IBMR University Center, Rio de Janeiro 22631-002, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Rodrigues Scartoni
- Sport and Exercise Science Laboratory, Catholic University of Petrópolis, Petrópolis 25685-100, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Departament of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados 26325-020, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Macedo Vianna
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
- Strength Training Studies and Research Laboratory, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
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Higham SM, Mendham AE, Rosenbaum S, Allen NG, Smith G, Stadnyk A, Duffield R. Effects of concurrent exercise training on body composition, systemic inflammation, and components of metabolic syndrome in inactive academics: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:809-820. [PMID: 36471186 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low physical activity in the academic workplace may increase the risk of cardiometabolic disease. This randomised controlled trial investigated the effect of 14 weeks of concurrent exercise training (CT) on components of metabolic syndrome, body composition, insulin resistance, and markers of systemic inflammation in inactive academics. METHODS 59 inactive academics were randomised into a CT (n = 29) or wait-list control group (n = 30). CT performed supervised training at an onsite facility 3 times per week for 14 weeks and cardiometabolic health was assessed pre- and post-intervention. Aerobic capacity was measured via a metabolic cart. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry measured fat mass, lean mass, and central adiposity. Fasting blood samples were analysed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose, and lipid profile. RESULTS Following the intervention, there was a decrease in fat mass (mean ± SD; - 1.3 ± 1.4%), android fat mass (median (IQR); - 0.06 (0.27) kg), and visceral adipose tissue (median (IQR); - 66 (110) cm3) in CT, but not control. Lean mass (median (IQR); 1.35 (1.86) kg) and aerobic capacity (mean ± SD; 4.0 ± 3.1 mL/kg/min) increased in CT, but not in control. There were no changes in IL-6, TNF-a, HOMA-IR, glucose, or lipid profile in response to the intervention (P > 0.05). Changes in insulin resistance were positively associated with IL-6 in the control group only (coefficients [95%CI]; 5.957 [2.961, 8.953]). CONCLUSION Implementing combined aerobic and resistance exercise training programs in academic institutions may be an appropriate intervention to increase physical activity and reduce risk factors associated with cardiometabolic disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry on the 23rd of April, 2019 (ACTRN12619000608167).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Higham
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, NSW, Australia.
| | - Amy E Mendham
- South Africa Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), FIMS International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Allen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Greg Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antony Stadnyk
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Rob Duffield
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, NSW, Australia
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Guo Z, Li M, Cai J, Gong W, Liu Y, Liu Z. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Fat Loss and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Young and Middle-Aged a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4741. [PMID: 36981649 PMCID: PMC10048683 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review is conducted to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in the young and middle-aged. METHODS Seven databases were searched from their inception to 22 October 2022 for studies (randomized controlled trials only) with HIIT and MICT intervention. Meta-analysis was carried out for within-group (pre-intervention vs. post-intervention) and between-group (HIIT vs. MICT) comparisons for change in body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percent fat mass (PFM), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and CRF. RESULTS A total of 1738 studies were retrieved from the database, and 29 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Within-group analyses indicated that both HIIT and MICT can bring significant improvement in body composition and CRF, except for FFM. Between-group analyses found that compared to MICT, HIIT brings significant benefits to WC, PFM, and VO2peak. CONCLUSIONS The effect of HIIT on fat loss and CRF in the young and middle-aged is similar to or better than MICT, which might be influenced by age (18-45 years), complications (obesity), duration (>6 weeks), frequency, and HIIT interval. Despite the clinical significance of the improvement being limited, HIIT appears to be more time-saving and enjoyable than MICT.
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Mannakkara NN, Finocchiaro G. Exercise and the Heart: Benefits, Risks and Adverse Effects of Exercise Training. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:94. [PMID: 39077491 PMCID: PMC11264002 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2403094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise has multiple health benefits and reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Regular exercise decreases the burden of cardiovascular risk factors and improves prognosis in several cardiac conditions. Despite these premises, sudden cardiac death (SCD) during sports may occur in apparently healthy athletes who perform at the highest levels. Accurate identification and prompt treatment of individuals at risk may reduce the burden of SCD. A possible cardiotoxic effect of intense exercise has been recently postulated, however this is still matter of controversy as causal relationships are often difficult to establish taking into account multiple confounders. Exercise is safe for the majority, even with cardiovascular disease. In this review, we focus on exercise and sports, discussing their benefits and risks and exercise recommendations for healthy individuals and those with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanka N Mannakkara
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, SE1 7EH London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, SE1 7EH London, UK
| | - Gherardo Finocchiaro
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, SE1 7EH London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, SE1 7EH London, UK
- Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St George's University of London, SW17 0RE London, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, SW3 6NP London, UK
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Gao P, Zhang X, Yin S, Tuo H, Lin Q, Tang F, Liu W. Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Different Exercise Mode on Carotid Atherosclerosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2189. [PMID: 36767556 PMCID: PMC9914982 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: There is increasing evidence showing the health benefits of exercise on carotid atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the different exercise modes for carotid atherosclerosis. This study was designed to perform a meta-analysis of effect of different exercise modes on carotid atherosclerosis so as to provide evidence-based suggestions for the prevention and management of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. (2) Methods: Six databases were systematically searched to identify randomized trials that compared exercise to a non-exercise intervention in patient with carotid atherosclerosis. We a priori specified changes in cIMT, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C biomarkers as outcomes. (3) Results: Thirty-four trials met the eligibility criteria, comprising 2420 participants. The main analyses showed pronounced differences on cIMT (MD = -0.06, 95%CI (-0.09, -0.04), p < 0.00001, TC (MD = -0.41, 95%CI (-0.58, -0.23), p < 0.00001), LDL-C (MD = -0.31, 95%CI (-0.43, -0.20), p < 0.00001), and HDL-C (MD = 0.11, 95%CI (0.04, 0.19), p = 0.004), which significantly reduced the risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis disease. In the different exercise modes, the effect was pronounced for aerobic exercise for all outcomes except TC; high-intensity interval exercise also showed significance for all outcomes except TC and HDL-C; aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise did not affect any outcome except HDL-C; (4) Conclusions: Exercise has a prominent prevention and improvement effect on carotid atherosclerosis. In the perspective of exercise pattern, aerobic exercise and high-intensity intermittent exercise can improve carotid atherosclerosis; however, aerobic exercise has a more comprehensive improvement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pincao Gao
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
- College of Rehabilitation and Health, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Minstry of Public Sport, TaiZhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Haowen Tuo
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Qihan Lin
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Fang Tang
- College of Rehabilitation and Health, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
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Boulares A, Fabre C, Cherni A, Jdidi H, Gaied Chortane S, Trompetto C, Puce L, Bragazzi NL. Effects of a Physical Activity Program that Incorporates Exercises Targeting Balance, Strength, and Proprioception on Cognitive Functions and Physical Performance in Old Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:245-260. [PMID: 37742641 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging often leads to cognitive function decline, sensory structure deterioration, and musculoskeletal system weakening. This impacts postural control during static and dynamic activities like walking, increasing the fall risk among the elderly. Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) face an elevated fall risk and cognitive decline, magnifying the public health concern. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore solutions by investigating the effects of a multi-component physical activity program on cognitive and motor functions in MCI patients. METHODS Twenty-three participants were enrolled in the study and assigned into two groups: an intervention group (n = 13; age = 85.7±5.5 years) and a control group (n = 9; age = 85±6.7 years). The study spanned two months, with participants engaging in three 60-minute weekly physical exercise sessions. The intervention focused on improving proprioception, muscle strength, and balance. RESULTS Results demonstrated significant enhancements in physical performance, fall risk reduction, and balance (p < 0.05). Various tests, including the timed up and go test, Unipedal Stance test, Tinetti test, Short Physical Performance Battery, and 6-minute walking test, indicated these improvements. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination, revealing non-significant progress (p > 0.05). Predictive models for outcomes were developed using linear regression analysis during the follow-up stage. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the effectiveness of a multi-component physical activity program encompassing balance, proprioception, and muscle-strengthening exercises as a non-pharmaceutical approach in improving balance skills and playing a key role in mitigating the risk of falls among old adults with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Boulares
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) "Sport Performance, Health & Society" Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of "La Manouba", Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Claudine Fabre
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
| | - Ala Cherni
- Research Unit: Sports Science, Health and Movement, UR22JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Hela Jdidi
- University of Poitiers, Laboratory Move-UR 20296, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Poitiers, France
| | - Sabri Gaied Chortane
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) "Sport Performance, Health & Society" Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of "La Manouba", Manouba, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Cardio-Circulatory, Respiratory, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Carlo Trompetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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50
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Fernandez-Gamez B, Solis-Urra P, Olvera-Rojas M, Molina-Hidalgo C, Fernández-Ortega J, Lara CP, Coca-Pulido A, Bellón D, Sclafani A, Mora-Gonzalez J, Toval A, Martín-Fuentes I, Bakker EA, Lozano RM, Navarrete S, Jiménez-Pavón D, Liu-Ambrose T, Erickson KI, Ortega FB, Esteban-Cornejo I. Resistance Exercise Program in Cognitively Normal Older Adults: CERT-Based Exercise Protocol of the AGUEDA Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:885-893. [PMID: 37960912 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1982-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a comprehensive CERT (Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template)-based description of the resistance exercise program implemented in the AGUEDA (Active Gains in brain Using Exercise During Aging) study, a randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of a 24-week supervised resistance exercise program on executive function and related brain structure and function in cognitively normal older adults. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS 90 cognitively normal older adults aged 65 to 80 were randomized (1:1) to a: 1) resistance exercise group; or a 2) wait-list control group. Participants in the exercise group (n = 46) performed 180 min/week of resistance exercise (3 supervised sessions per week, 60 min/session) for 24 weeks. INTERVENTION The exercise program consisted of a combination of upper and lower limb exercises using elastic bands and the participant's own body weight as the main resistance. The load and intensity were based on the resistance of the elastic bands (7 resistances), number of repetitions (individualized), motor complexity of exercises (3 levels), sets and rest (3 sets/60 sec rest), execution time (40-60 sec) and velocity (as fast as possible). SETTINGS The maximum prescribed-target intensity was 70-80% of the participants' maximum rate of perceived exertion (7-8 RPE). Heart rate, sleep quality and feeling scale were recorded during all exercise sessions. Those in the wait-list control group (n = 44) were asked to maintain their usual lifestyle. The feasibility of AGUEDA project was evaluated by retention, adherence, adverse events and cost estimation on the exercise program. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS This study details the exercise program of the AGUEDA trial, including well-described multi-language manuals and videos, which can be used by public health professionals, or general public who wish to implement a feasible and low-cost resistance exercise program. The AGUEDA exercise program seems to be feasible by the high retention (95.6%) and attendance rate (85.7%), very low serious adverse event (1%) and low economic cost (144.23 € /participant/24 weeks). We predict that a 24-week resistance exercise program will have positive effects on brain health in cognitively normal older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fernandez-Gamez
- Beatriz Fernandez-Gamez and Irene-Esteban-Cornejo. Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada; Carretera de Alfacar, 21. Granada 18071, Spain; +(34) 958 24 66 51, fax: +(34) 958 24 94 28, E-mail address: and
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