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Woldekidan MA, Arja A, Worku G, Walker A, Kassebaum NJ, Hailemariam A, Naghavi M, Hay S, Misganaw A. The burden and trends of child and maternal malnutrition across the regions in Ethiopia, 1990-2019: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002640. [PMID: 39012910 PMCID: PMC11251601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Child malnutrition is the main contributor to the disease burden in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and trends of child malnutrition and maternal anemia in Ethiopia at the national and regional state levels between 1990 and 2019. METHODS We used all accessible data sources and analyzed prevalence, death, and years of life lost (YLL) due to child malnutrition and maternal anemia across nine regions and two chartered cities in Ethiopia, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. The burden and trends of child and maternal malnutrition and anemia at the national level, across the regions, and in cities were assessed. Point estimates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) are presented. FINDINGS Of the 190,173 total under-5 deaths in Ethiopia in 2019, 108,864 (95% UI: 83,544-141,718; 57·2%, 51·3-62·7) were attributed to malnutrition. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting was 37·0%, 27·0%, and 7·0%, respectively, in 2019. The YLL rate attributable to child malnutrition declined from 251,964 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 218,720-287,559) in 1990 to 57,615 (95% UI: 44,190-75,015) in 2019. The YLL rate of wasting, stunting, and underweight in Ethiopia was 18,566 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 12,950-26,123), 3,290 (95% UI: 1,443-5,856), and 5,240 (95% UI: 3,608-7,312) in 2019, respectively. Gambella showed the highest YLL rate reduction among regions, with a 98·2% change for stunting, 95·9% for wasting, and 97·9% for underweight between 1990 and 2019. The prevalence of anemia among under-5 children in Ethiopia was 62·0% (95% UI: 59·1%-65·1%) in 2019. Somali has the highest child anemia prevalence, 84·4% (95% UI: 79·8%-88·8%), compared to others in 2019. The prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Ethiopia was 20·4% (95% UI: 19·0%-21·8%) in 2019. INTERPRETATION The prevalence of child malnutrition and maternal anemia in Ethiopia remains high compared to national, WHO, and UNICEF 2030 targets in all indicators of child malnutrition and anemia despite several interventions in the last three decades. The YLL rate due to child malnutrition was high, with regional variations. In conjunction with other sectors, especially agriculture, the National Nutrition Program and other nutrition initiatives must make greater efforts with short-term and long-term interventions to improve access and better nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Agachew Woldekidan
- National Data Management and Analytics Center, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asrat Arja
- National Data Management and Analytics Center, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Getaye Worku
- National Data Management and Analytics Center, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ally Walker
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Kassebaum
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alemnesh Hailemariam
- National Data Management and Analytics Center, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mohsen Naghavi
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Simon Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Awoke Misganaw
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Bekele D, Dhaba B, Menene A, Hinkosa L. Determinants of Low Birth Weight Among Newborns Delivered at Public Health Facilities of Bishoftu Town, East Shewa Zone, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:4873667. [PMID: 39026518 PMCID: PMC11257756 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4873667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major global public health issue that can have a number of serious, potentially fatal health consequences. It is the most common cause of neonatal and child death in low- and middle-income countries, which also has a number of negative health effects. However, the determinants of LBWs were not yet completely recognized in Ethiopia. Thus, it is aimed at identifying the determinants of LBW among newborns delivered at public health facilities in Bishoftu town, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted at Bishoftu town. Data were collected from mothers having newborns with birth weight < 2500 gm (cases) and 2500 to 4000 gm (controls) using a pretested questionnaire and medical record review. Lastly, Epi Info 7 to enter the obtained data, and SPSS version 21 was used for analysis. Factors in the bivariate analysis with a p value less than 0.25 were added to the multivariable logistic regression, where a p value less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results:A total of 285 neonates (95 cases and 190 controls) were included in the study. Being not preeclampsia (AOR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.13-0.88), lack of iron supplementation (AOR = 12.16; 95% CI: 5.40-27.42), preterm delivery (AOR = 7.49, 95% CI: 3.23-17.36), lack of information (AOR = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.37-15.750), and not experienced premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (AOR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.08-0.91) were identified as statistically significant variables in LBW. Conclusion: LBW was significantly influenced by preeclampsia, PROM, missing iron-folate supplementation during pregnancy, and ignorance of the warning symptoms of premature delivery during pregnancy. Therefore, reducing LBW requires a lot of work, including developing effective interventions and monitoring policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bekele
- College of Health ScienceArsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Balay Dhaba
- Bishostu Referral Hospital, East Shewa, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Abenet Menene
- College of Health ScienceWollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Leta Hinkosa
- College of Health ScienceWollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
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Minda B, Bekele G, Hailemeskel S, Lambebo A. Determinants of low birth weight among newborns delivered in public hospitals of North Shewa Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia: A case-control study (2023). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303364. [PMID: 38739596 PMCID: PMC11090310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight (LBW), defined as a birth weight less than 2500 g, irrespective of gestational age, poses a significant health concern for newborns. Despite efforts, the incidence of LBW in sub-Saharan Africa has remained stagnant over the past decade, warranting attention from healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify factors associated with LBW among newborns delivered in public hospitals of North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, from May 2 to June 10, 2023. METHODS AND MATERIALS An unmatched case-control study was conducted from May 2 to June 10, 2023, involving 318 participants (106 cases and 212 controls). Data were collected using pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaires, medical record reviews, and direct anthropometric measurements. Bivariate analyses were conducted, and variables with a p-value ≤ 0.25 were included in a multivariable logistic regression model to determine significant determinants of LBW. A significance level of p < 0.05 was used. RESULTS A total of 309 newborns (103 cases and 206 controls) were included, yielding a response rate of 97.2%. Among the findings, females exhibited a higher risk of LBW (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.34, 7.32, p = 0.008), as did mothers aged 20 or younger (AOR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.35, 8.66, p = 0.009). Lack of formal education was associated with increased risk (AOR: 6.82, 95% CI: 2.94, 15.3, p < 0.001), as were unplanned pregnancies (AOR: 3.08, 95% CI: 1.38, 6.84, p = 0.006) and missed antenatal care visits (AOR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.16, 6.49, p = 0.021). No significant associations were found with residency type or maternal age above 35. CONCLUSION Mothers aged ≤ 20 years, with inadequate minimum dietary diversity, lack of antenatal care attendance, and unplanned pregnancies, faced heightened risks of LBW. Addressing these factors is vital for reducing LBW occurrences and improving newborn health outcomes in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniyas Minda
- Debre Berhan University Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus School of Public Health Department of Nutrition, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Bekele
- Debre Berhan University Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Hailemeskel
- Debre Berhan University Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus School of Nursing Department of Midwifery, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Abera Lambebo
- Debre Berhan University Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus School of Public Health Department of Nutrition, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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Gebremichael MA, Lema TB. Effect of behavior change communication through the health development army on birth weight of newborns in Ambo district, Ethiopia: a cluster randomized controlled community trial. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:200. [PMID: 38532388 PMCID: PMC10964566 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor behavior change communication on maternal nutrition and health throughout pregnancy is thought to be to blame for Ethiopia's high rate of low birthweight babies, and this has implications for neonatal morbidity and mortality. The effect of behavior change communication on birth weight in the study district was not examined. This study was to determine whether improving neonatal birthweight using nutrition and health behavior change communication (NHBCC) interventions was successful. METHODS A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Ambo district of Ethiopia from May 5, 2018-January 30, 2019. At the beginning of the study, 385 women in the 24 intervention groups and 385 women in the 24 control groups were recruited. In the intervention group, health development armies delivered the NHBCC core message every two weeks for four months by grouping pregnant women in specific clusters. Pregnant women in the control group received the routine treatment offered by the healthcare system during their ANC visits. Within 24 h of birth, the birthweights of 302 and 292 neonates in the intervention and control groups, respectively, were measured at the end point of the study. A binary generalized linear model analysis was employed. RESULT The control group had a larger absolute risk of neonates with low birthweight (0.188 vs. 0.079, p < 0.001) than the intervention group. Pregnant women in the intervention group had an absolute risk difference of 10.9% for low birthweight. Pregnant women who received the intervention were 62% less likely to have low-risk birthweight compared to pregnant women who were in the control group (ARR = 0.381, 95% CI: 0.271-0.737). CONCLUSION Nutrition and health behavior change Communication by health development armies improves birthweight. The findings demonstrated that to improve birthweight, NHBCC must be administered to pregnant women in groups via health development armies in their communities. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER PACTR201805003366358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsiwat Abebe Gebremichael
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Referral Hospital, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia.
- Ambo University, P. O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia.
| | - Tefera Belachew Lema
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Public health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Moolla A, Mdewa W, Erzse A, Hofman K, Thsehla E, Goldstein S, Kohli-Lynch C. A cost-effectiveness analysis of a South African pregnancy support grant. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002781. [PMID: 38329926 PMCID: PMC10852248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Poverty among expectant mothers often results in sub-optimal maternal nutrition and inadequate antenatal care, with negative consequences on child health outcomes. South Africa has a child support grant that is available from birth to those in need. This study aims to determine whether a pregnancy support grant, administered through the extension of the child support grant, would be cost-effective compared to the existing child support grant alone. A cost-utility analysis was performed using a decision-tree model to predict the incremental costs (ZAR) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted by the pregnancy support grant over a 2-year time horizon. An ingredients-based approach to costing was completed from a governmental perspective. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. The intervention resulted in a cost saving of R13.8 billion ($930 million, 95% CI: ZAR3.91 billion - ZAR23.2 billion/ $1.57 billion - $264 million) and averted 59,000 DALYs (95% CI: -6,400-110,000), indicating that the intervention is highly cost-effective. The primary cost driver was low birthweight requiring neonatal intensive care, with a disaggregated incremental cost of R31,800 ($2,149) per pregnancy. Mortality contributed most significantly to the DALYs accrued in the comparator (0.68 DALYs). The intervention remained the dominant strategy in the sensitivity analyses. The pregnancy support grant is a highly cost-effective solution for supporting expecting mothers and ensuring healthy pregnancies. With its positive impact on child health outcomes, there is a clear imperative for government to implement this grant. By investing in this program, cost savings could be leveraged. The implementation of this grant should be given high priority in public health and social policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Moolla
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science ‐ PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Winfrida Mdewa
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science ‐ PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Agnes Erzse
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science ‐ PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karen Hofman
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science ‐ PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Evelyn Thsehla
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science ‐ PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Susan Goldstein
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science ‐ PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ciaran Kohli-Lynch
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science ‐ PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Yang YC, Shi Y, Duobujie J, Liu XX, Huang Y, Wu YB. Study on the correlation between maternal serum uric acid and foetal birth weight in Naqu, Tibet. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2023; 43:2173563. [PMID: 36724369 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2023.2173563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In high-altitude regions, low birth weight is mainly caused by hypoxia. We aimed to determine whether maternal serum uric acid (SUC) level was associated with decreased foetal birth weight. The relevant data of individual pregnant women who delivered between 37 and 40 weeks in the People's Hospital of Naqu City, Tibet were retrospectively collected. The correlation between maternal SUC and birth weight was examined using multivariate linear regression analysis and subgroup analysis. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between SUC and birth weight in pregnant women with proteinuria, female foetuses, and primiparas. Fitting smoothing curve analysis showed that there was a negative linear correlation between SUC and birth weight in primiparas and female foetuses. Maternal SUC is negatively associated with foetal birth weight in a single pregnancy with proteinuria, primipara, or female foetuses in the Naqu region of Tibet, China.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Preeclampsia associated with hyperuricaemia can affect foetal birth weight, foetal birth weight in plains area is negatively correlated with maternal hyperuricaemia.What do the results of this study add? Maternal SUC was negatively correlated with foetal birth weight, especially in primipara, mothers with proteinuria, and pregnant girls.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The results suggest that attention should be paid to SUC in pregnant women, especially in primipara, mothers with proteinuria, and pregnant girls, in the prevention of low birth weight infants in Naqu Plateau area of Tibet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Naqu People's Hospital, Naqu, China
| | - Jimei Duobujie
- Department of Pediatrics, Naqu People's Hospital, Naqu, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Naqu People's Hospital, Naqu, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Naqu People's Hospital, Naqu, China
| | - Yu-Bin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Marta CI, Craina M, Nitu R, Maghiari AL, Abu-Awwad SA, Boscu L, Diaconu M, Dumitru C, Sorop B, Stelea L, Babes K. Variations in NT-proBNP Levels in Pregnant Patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Consequences for the Newborns. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2964. [PMID: 38001965 PMCID: PMC10669629 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) has a high negative predictive value for ruling out heart failure, a disorder linked with volume overload of the ventricles, and is used for diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification. Pregnancy causes in healthy women changes in physical and hemodynamic parameters and appears to be a risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness. The purpose of this study is to highlight the significance of monitoring NT-proBNP levels during pregnancy, particularly in patients who were infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy or were infected with the virus while giving birth. The findings of this comparative research indicate the importance of NT-proBNP in terms of foetal prognosis and birthweight. METHODS We collected blood samples to measure NT-proBNP concentrations from a cohort of 186 pregnant patients divided into two groups based on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. RESULTS Elevated NT-proBNP had an unfavourable implication on the newborn birth weight and Apgar score and expressed its influence on lower values. CONCLUSIONS We consider that NT-proBNP testing in pregnant patients, especially those with COVID-19 infection, can be relevant and be used as a predictive marker to be taken into consideration when it comes to management, outcome, and treatment regarding pregnant patients and their newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen-Ioana Marta
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oradea, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (C.-I.M.); (K.B.)
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Pius Brinzeu” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (M.C.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (B.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Marius Craina
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Pius Brinzeu” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (M.C.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (B.S.); (L.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Razvan Nitu
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Pius Brinzeu” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (M.C.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (B.S.); (L.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Laura Maghiari
- Department I—Discipline of Anatomy and Embryology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Simona-Alina Abu-Awwad
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.-A.A.-A.); (L.B.)
| | - Lioara Boscu
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.-A.A.-A.); (L.B.)
| | - Mircea Diaconu
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Pius Brinzeu” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (M.C.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (B.S.); (L.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Catalin Dumitru
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Pius Brinzeu” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (M.C.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (B.S.); (L.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan Sorop
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Pius Brinzeu” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (M.C.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (B.S.); (L.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Stelea
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Pius Brinzeu” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (M.C.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (B.S.); (L.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Katalin Babes
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oradea, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (C.-I.M.); (K.B.)
- Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Oradea, 410167 Oradea, Romania
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Alsamae AA, Elzilal HA, Alzahrani E, Abo-Dief HM, Sultan MA. A Comparative Cross-sectional Study on Prevalence of Low Birth Weight and its Anticipated Risk Factors. Glob Pediatr Health 2023; 10:2333794X231203857. [PMID: 37846399 PMCID: PMC10576915 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x231203857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. This study aims to highlight the low birth weight (LBW) in Taiz City (Yemen), as LBW is one of the public health challenges experiencing a profound effect on newborns. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study since the interview and medical records were the sources of data to be analyzed by SPSS. Results. The findings of this study include; a high prevalence of LBW (39.11%), the maternal age was not associated with LBW (P = .68), and education level, economic status, residence place, and health status were not associated with LBW (P < .05). Although the pre-pregnancy BMI, during-pregnancy BMI, MUAC, and gestational age were significantly associated with LBW (P < .05), the only risk factor was gestational age (OR = 9.606, CI = 3.988-23.135, P = .00). Conclusion. LBW is highly prevalent in Taiz (Yemen), so providing good healthcare services is essential to manage LBW incidence.
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Adam M, Kwinda Z, Dronavalli M, Leonard E, Nguyễn VK, Tshivhase V, Bärnighausen T, Pillay Y. Effect of Short, Animated Video Storytelling on Maternal Knowledge and Satisfaction in the Perinatal Period in South Africa: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e47266. [PMID: 37831505 PMCID: PMC10612008 DOI: 10.2196/47266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovative mobile health (mHealth) interventions can improve maternal knowledge, thereby supporting national efforts to reduce preventable maternal and child mortality in South Africa. Studies have documented a potential role for mobile video content to support perinatal health messaging, enhance maternal satisfaction, and overcome literacy barriers. Short, animated storytelling (SAS) is an innovative, emerging approach to mHealth messaging. OBJECTIVE We aimed to measure the effect of SAS videos on maternal knowledge and user satisfaction for mothers enrolled in antenatal care programs at 2 public health facilities in the Tshwane District of South Africa. METHODS We used a randomized controlled trial with a nested evaluation of user satisfaction. Participants were randomized 1:1 into Standard-of-Care (SOC) Control, and SAS Intervention groups. The intervention videos were delivered through WhatsApp, and 1 month later, participants responded to telephone surveys assessing their knowledge. The intervention group then participated in a nested evaluation of user satisfaction. RESULTS We surveyed 204 participants. Of them, 49.5% (101/204) were aged between 25 and 34 years. Almost all participants self-identified as Black, with the majority (190/204, 93.2%) having completed secondary school. The mean overall knowledge score was 21.92/28. We observed a slight increase of 0.28 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] -0.58 to 1.16) in the overall knowledge score in the intervention arm. We found that those with secondary education or above scored higher than those with only primary education by 2.24 (95% UI 0.76-4.01). Participants aged 35 years or older also scored higher than the youngest age group (18-24 years) by 1.83 (95% CI 0.39-3.33). Finally, the nested user satisfaction evaluation revealed high maternal satisfaction (4.71/5) with the SAS video series. CONCLUSIONS While the SAS videos resulted in high user satisfaction, measured knowledge gains were small within a participant population that was already receiving perinatal health messages through antenatal clinics. The higher knowledge scores observed in older participants with higher education levels suggest that boosting maternal knowledge in younger mothers with lower education levels should continue to be a public health priority in South Africa. Given the high maternal satisfaction among the SAS video-users in this study, policy makers should consider integrating similar approaches into existing, broad-reaching perinatal health programs, such as MomConnect, to boost satisfaction and potentially enhance maternal engagement. While previous studies have shown the promise of animated video health education, most of this research has been conducted in high-income countries. More research in underresourced settings is urgently needed, especially as access to mobile technology increases in the Global South. Future studies should explore the effect of SAS videos on maternal knowledge in hard-to-reach populations with limited access to antenatal care, although real-world logistical challenges persist when implementing studies in underresourced South African populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION Pan African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR202203673222680; https://tinyurl.com/362cpuny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Adam
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Digital Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Zwannda Kwinda
- Clinton Health Access Initiative South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mithilesh Dronavalli
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Leonard
- Clinton Health Access Initiative South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Vān Kính Nguyễn
- Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vusani Tshivhase
- Clinton Health Access Initiative South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Africa Health Research Institute, Somkhele, South Africa
| | - Yogan Pillay
- Clinton Health Access Initiative South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Pretoria, South Africa
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10
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Abstract
Background With the onset of the South African democracy in 1994 it was hoped that many social inequalities would be addressed urgently. However, studies have shown that service delivery inaccessibility remains a challenge and investigating the social implications of such injustices remains important. Objective This study determined to establish the association between service delivery inaccessibility and adolescent pregnancy in South Africa. Methods Using data from 2019 and 2021 general household surveys, 7 737 teenage females were included. The study applied descriptive statistics, chi-squared testing as well as multilevel binary logistic regression. Results Random-intercept multilevel binary logistic regression revealed that the risk of adolescent pregnancy independently increased as the level of service inaccessibility increased at household level (no services: OR=1.73, 1 service: OR=1.40, 2 services: OR=1.28) and community level (medium: OR=1.22, high: OR=1.38) at a P-value of 0.05. Conclusion Findings highlight the need to guarantee universal service delivery urgently not only for development, but also to prevent adolescent pregnancy. Furthermore, the findings present evidence of structural factors driving adolescent pregnancy in South Africa, which renders continued cycles of poverty, injustice and early pregnancy amongst the majority of Blacks.
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Adjei-Gyamfi S, Musah B, Asirifi A, Hammond J, Aryee PA, Miho S, Aiga H. Maternal risk factors for low birthweight and macrosomia: a cross-sectional study in Northern Region, Ghana. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:87. [PMID: 37644518 PMCID: PMC10464333 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal birthweights are critical public health challenges accountable for most non-communicable diseases and perinatal mortalities. Regardless of the myriad of mixed evidence on maternal factors responsible for abnormal birthweight globally, most of these findings are attained from urban and rural settings. This study serves as one of the key pieces of evidence in view of the increasing prevalence of abnormal birthweight particularly in some parts of semi-rural Ghana. The study, therefore, aims to estimate the prevalence of abnormal birthweight and identify some possible maternal risk factors for abnormal birthweight in Northern Ghana. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Savelugu municipality from February-March 2022. A total of 356 mothers aged 16-46 years, having a neonate and attending postnatal care service, were recruited as study participants. Data were collected from maternal and child health record books and through structured interviews. To identify the maternal risk factors for abnormal birthweight, chi-square/Fischer's exact test and multinomial logistic regression were employed as bivariate and multivariate analyses, respectively, at 95% confidence level. RESULTS Prevalence rates of low birthweight and macrosomia were 22.2% and 8.7%, respectively. Maternal anaemia in first trimester (AOR 3.226; 95% CI 1.372-7.784) and third trimester (AOR 23.94; 95% CI 7.442-70.01) of gestation was strong predictors for low birthweight. Mothers belonging to minority ethnic groups (AOR 0.104; 95% CI 0.011-0.995); mothers who had ≥ 8 antenatal care visits (AOR 0.249; 95% CI 0.103-0.602); and mothers having neonates whose birth length > 47.5 cm (AOR 0.271; 95% CI 0.113-0.651) had reduced odds for low birthweight. Alternatively, mothers with gestational weeks ≥ 42 (AOR 23.21; 95% CI 4.603-56.19) and mothers from the richest households (highest socioeconomic homes) (AOR 14.25; 95% CI 1.638-23.91) were more likely to birth to macrosomic infants. CONCLUSION The prevalence rates of low birthweight and macrosomia were relatively high. Anaemia in the first and third trimesters was strong determinants of low birthweight. Being minority ethnic group, frequency of antenatal visits, and childbirth length reduced the risk of low-weight births. Advanced gestational age and socioeconomic status of mothers were also predictors of macrosomia. Hence, nutrition counselling, community health education, and promotion of lifestyle improvement coupled with strengthening of health service delivery are recommended interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Adjei-Gyamfi
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, 852-8523, Japan.
- Savelugu Municipal Hospital, Ghana Health Service, P.O. Box 45, Savelugu, Northern Region, Ghana.
| | - Bashiru Musah
- Savelugu Municipal Hospital, Ghana Health Service, P.O. Box 45, Savelugu, Northern Region, Ghana
| | - Abigail Asirifi
- Seventh Day Adventist Hospital, Christian Health Association of Ghana, P.O. Box 24, Wiamoase, Ashanti Region, Ghana
| | - John Hammond
- Central Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, P.O. Box 63, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana
| | - Paul Armah Aryee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box TL 1883, Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana
| | - Sato Miho
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Aiga
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, 852-8523, Japan
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Kundu RN, Ghosh A, Chhetri B, Saha I, Hossain MG, Bharati P. Regional with urban-rural variation in low birth weight and its determinants of Indian children: findings from National Family Health Survey 5 data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:616. [PMID: 37641012 PMCID: PMC10464394 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight is a key indicator for child health, especially a concern in low-middle-income countries. However, health and medically-related reforms are being actively implemented in some middle-income countries like India. Identifying low birth weight (LBW) babies with their determinants across the whole country is essential to formulate regional and area-specific interventions. The objective of this study was to find out the burden and determinants of LBW on the regional and residential (rural-urban) divisions of India. METHODS The present study was based on the NFHS-5 dataset (2019-21), a nationally representative survey in India. A total of 209,223 births were included in this study. A newborn weighing less than 2500 g was considered as LBW. According to the objectives, we used frequency distribution, chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis for analysing the data. RESULTS About 18.24% of the babies were LBW in India, significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas (18.58% vs 17.36%). Regionally prevalence was more frequent in western (20.63%) and central (20.16%) rural areas. Regarding maternal concerns, in the eastern and southern regions of India, mothers aged 25-34 were less likely to have LBW children than mothers aged 35-49 years. It was found that the risk of LBW was more likely among the children born out of unintended pregnancies in almost all regions except for eastern part. In rural India, women who delivered children at home were more likely to have LBW children in India (AOR = 1.19, CI: 1.12-1.28, p < 0.001) and its central, northern, and southern regions than those who gave birth in institutions. The study indicates that LBW coexists with lower maternal education levels and poor household wealth index across all regions. About 58% and 57% of cumulative effects of independent variables on LBW can be distinguished in urban and rural India, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Targeted-specific strategies need to be undertaken as per region and geographical variations. Then only India should be able to decline LBW as proposed by National Health Policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramendra Nath Kundu
- Former Research Fellow, Department of Anthropology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Anushka Ghosh
- Junior Research Fellow, Indian Council of Medical Research-Centre for Ageing & Mental Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Birshikha Chhetri
- Junior Research Fellow, Indian Council of Medical Research-Centre for Ageing & Mental Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Indranil Saha
- Scientist E, Indian Council of Medical Research-Centre for Ageing & Mental Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Md Golam Hossain
- Health Research Group, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Premananda Bharati
- Former Professor and Head, Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Weldegebriel SG, Beyene SA, Tela FG, Gufue ZH, Hailu HT. Maternal dietary pattern and its association with birthweight in Northern Ethiopia: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:3820-3832. [PMID: 37457182 PMCID: PMC10345722 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Birthweight is a useful public health measure of maternal health, nutrition, healthcare delivery, and child morbidity and mortality. Previous research did not focus on dietary patterns but rather on a single or a few foods or nutrients. This study aimed to assess the maternal dietary pattern and its association with birthweight in northern Ethiopia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 373 pregnant mothers in their third trimester of pregnancy who came to attend their routine antenatal care service. The food frequency questionnaire was collected from the previous week, and the birthweight data were collected from the medical records after delivery. Three maternal dietary patterns were identified; dietary pattern includes eggs, milk, milk products, and certain fruits and roots. Dietary pattern 2 includes certain vegetables, green leafy vegetables, vitamin A-rich vegetables, pulses such as beans, peas, and chickpeas, and drinks like coffee, tea, and soda. Dietary pattern 3 includes meat, nuts, and grains such as teff, corn, wheat, and white flour. Dietary pattern 1 (β = 52.45, p = .03) and dietary pattern 2 (β = 66.76, p = .01), residency (β = 287.08, p < .001), a mid-upper-arm circumference of 21-23 cm (β = 187.10, p = .02), a mid-upper-arm circumference of >23 cm (β = 272, p = .01), and gestational age at delivery (β = 12.58, p = .004) were the factors significantly associated with increased birthweight. The maternal dietary pattern has a significant association with birthweight. The focus should be given to maternal dietary patterns to prevent suboptimal and high birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selemawit Asfaw Beyene
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Health SciencesMekelle UniversityTigrayEthiopia
| | - Freweini Gebrearegay Tela
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Health SciencesMekelle UniversityTigrayEthiopia
| | - Zenawi Hagos Gufue
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health SciencesAdigrat UniversityTigrayEthiopia
| | - Helen Teweldebrhan Hailu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health SciencesAdigrat UniversityTigrayEthiopia
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Engdaw GT, Tesfaye AH, Feleke M, Negash A, Yeshiwas A, Addis W, Angaw DA, Engidaw MT. Effect of antenatal care on low birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis in Africa, 2022. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1158809. [PMID: 37441651 PMCID: PMC10335749 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1158809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Risk identification, as well as the prevention and management of diseases associated with pregnancy or other conditions that may occur concurrently, is the essential component of ANC. Method The observational follow-up and cross-sectional studies on the effect of antenatal care on low birth weight in Africa were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Five computerized bibliographic databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Hinari Direct were searched for published studies written in English till May 2022. The risk of bias assessment tools developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute for cross-sectional and observational follow-up research was used, and the caliber of each included study was assessed. Seven papers were included, with a total of 66,690 children participating in the study. Results Seven studies met the selection criteria. Prenatal care and low birth weight were linked in four of the seven studies included in the review. The pooled odd ratio for low birth weight in the random-effects model was 0.46 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.53). The pooled odds ratio for low birth weight was 0.21 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.22) and 0.21 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.22), respectively, among pregnant women who had no antenatal care follow-up and those who had antenatal care follow up. Conclusion Women who attended at least one antenatal care appointment were more likely than their counterparts to have a baby of normal weight. Interventions to reduce low birth weight in Africa should focus on providing adequate antenatal care and quality healthcare services to women with low socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garedew Tadege Engdaw
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Maru Feleke
- Amhara Regional Health Beauro, Wogera Primary Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia
| | - Aragaw Negash
- Amhara Regional Health Beauro, Wogera Primary Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia
| | - Amanuel Yeshiwas
- Amhara Regional Health Beauro, Wogera Primary Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia
| | - Wabiw Addis
- Amhara Regional Health Beauro, Wogera Primary Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia
| | - Dessie Abebaw Angaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Tadege Engidaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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15
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Jana A, Saha UR, Reshmi RS, Muhammad T. Relationship between low birth weight and infant mortality: evidence from National Family Health Survey 2019-21, India. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:28. [PMID: 36803539 PMCID: PMC9942291 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight (LBW) predisposes physical and mental growth failure and premature death among infants. Studies report that LBW predominately explains infant mortality. However, existing studies rarely demonstrate the phenomenon of both observed and unobserved factors, which may influence the likelihood of birth and mortality outcomes simultaneously. In this study, we identified the spatial clustering of the prevalence of LBW along with its determinants. Further, the relationship between of LBW and infant mortality, considering the unobserved factors, has been explored in the study. METHODS Data for this study have been extracted from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) round 5, 2019-21. We used the directed acyclic graph model to identify the potential predictors of LBW and infant mortality. Moran's I statistics have been used to identify the high-risk areas of LBW. We applied conditional mixed process modelling in Stata software to account for the simultaneous nature of occurrences of the outcomes. The final model has been performed after imputing the missing data of LBW. RESULTS Overall, in India, 53% of the mothers reported their babies' birth weight by seeing health card, 36% reported by recall, and about 10% of the LBW information was observed as missing. The state/union territory of Punjab and Delhi were observed to have the highest levels of LBW (about 22%) which is much higher than the national level (18%). The effect of LBW was more than four times larger compared to the effect in the analysis which does not account for the simultaneous occurrence of LBW and infant mortality (marginal effect; from 12 to 53%). Also, in a separate analysis, the imputation technique has been used to address the missing data. Covariates' effects showed that female children, higher order births, births that occur in Muslim and non-poor families and literate mothers were negatively associated with infant mortality. However, a significant difference was observed in the impact of LBW before and after imputing the missing values. CONCLUSIONS The current findings showed the significant association of LBW with infant deaths, highlighting the importance of prioritising policies that help improve the birth weight of new-born children that may significantly reduce the infant mortality in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Jana
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India.
| | - Unnati Rani Saha
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. S. Reshmi
- grid.419349.20000 0001 0613 2600International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088 India
| | - T. Muhammad
- grid.419349.20000 0001 0613 2600International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088 India
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Mitku AA, Zewotir T, North D, Jeena P, Asharam K, Muttoo S, Tularam H, Naidoo RN. Impact of ambient air pollution exposure during pregnancy on adverse birth outcomes: generalized structural equation modeling approach. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:45. [PMID: 36609258 PMCID: PMC9824986 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution and several prenatal factors, such as socio-demographic, behavioural, physical activity and clinical factors influence adverse birth outcomes. The study aimed to investigate the impact of ambient air pollution exposure during pregnancy adjusting prenatal risk factors on adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women in MACE birth cohort. METHODS Data for the study was obtained from the Mother and Child in the Environment (MACE) birth cohort study in Durban, South Africa from 2013 to 2017. Land use regression models were used to determine household level prenatal exposure to PM2.5, SO2 and NOx. Six hundred and fifty-six births of pregnant females were selected from public sector antenatal clinics in low socio-economic neighbourhoods. We employed a Generalised Structural Equation Model with a complementary log-log-link specification. RESULTS After adjustment for potential prenatal factors, the results indicated that exposure to PM2.5 was found to have both significant direct and indirect effects on the risk of all adverse birth outcomes. Similarly, an increased level of maternal exposure to SO2 during pregnancy was associated with an increased probability of being small for gestational age. Moreover, preterm birth act a mediating role in the relationship of exposure to PM2.5, and SO2 with low birthweight and SGA. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and SO2 pollution adversely affected birth outcomes after controlling for other prenatal risk factors. This suggests that local government officials have a responsibility for better control of air pollution and health care providers need to advise pregnant females about the risks of air pollution during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aweke A. Mitku
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa ,grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa ,grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Statistics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Temesgen Zewotir
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Delia North
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Prakash Jeena
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kareshma Asharam
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sheena Muttoo
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hasheel Tularam
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajen N. Naidoo
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Roro M, Deressa W, Lindtjørn B. Antenatal care utilization and compliance with national and WHO guidelines in rural Ethiopia: a cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:849. [DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Antenatal health care utilization has the potential to influence maternal and new-born health. In this study, we assessed compliance of antenatal care utilization with national and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. We also examined association of antenatal care utilization with adverse pregnancy outcomes as secondary outcome.
Methods
This was a community-based cross sectional study conducted from July 2016 to November 2017 in rural south-central Ethiopia. We described antenatal care received by pregnant women, whom we followed at three prescheduled visits during pregnancy and collected birth data at time of delivery. Extent of antenatal care content received, timing of antenatal care, place of antenatal care and place and mode of delivery were obtained and computed in accordance with national and WHO guidelines. For adverse pregnancy outcomes, computed as sum of low birth weight, preterm birth, intrauterine foetal death, and stillbirth, the exposure variable used was antenatal care utilization.
Results
Seven hundred and four (704) women participated in the study, and 536 (76.1%) had attended at least one antenatal care visit. Among women who attended antenatal care visit, majority, 421 (79.3%), had done so at health centres and hospitals, while 110 (20.7%) attended at health post. Average number of antenatal care visits was 2.5, which is less than that recommended in national and WHO guidelines. Only 18 (2.6%) women had attended antenatal care in their first trimester, which is low in contrast to the expected 100% specified in the guidelines. Less than half (47%) of the women delivered in a health facility. This is in contrast to the 100% expected health institution deliveries. Low birth weight was 7.9% (n = 48), and preterm birth was 4.9% (n = 31). There were 12 twin pregnancies, three stillbirths, 11 spontaneous abortions, and two intrauterine foetal deaths. We did not find significant association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and antenatal care utilization (COR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.62, 1.86).
Conclusion
This study showed that antenatal care service utilization in the study area was markedly low compared to that recommended in national and WHO guidelines. The obtained antenatal health care utilization was not associated with the registered adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Kamenju P, Madzorera I, Hertzmark E, Urassa W, Fawzi WW. Higher Dietary Intake of Animal Protein Foods in Pregnancy Is Associated with Lower Risk of Adverse Birth Outcomes. J Nutr 2022; 152:2546-2554. [PMID: 36774120 PMCID: PMC9644176 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of adverse birth outcomes is highest in resource-limited settings such as sub-Saharan Africa. Maternal consumption of diets with adequate nutrients during pregnancy may protect against these adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVES The objective was to determine the association between maternal dietary consumption of animal source foods (ASFs) and the risk of adverse birth outcomes among HIV-negative pregnant women in Tanzania. METHODS Using dietary intake data from 7564 HIV-negative pregnant women, we used Poisson regression with the empirical variance (generalized estimating equation) to estimate the RR of adverse birth outcomes-preterm birth, very preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW), stillbirth, and neonatal death-for higher and lower frequency of ASF intake. RESULTS Median daily dietary intake of animal protein was 17 g (IQR: 1-48 g). Higher frequency of ASF protein intake was associated with lower risk of neonatal death (quartile 4 compared with quartile 1; RR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.90; P-trend = 0.01). Higher fish intake was associated with lower risk of very preterm birth (high tertile compared with low; RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.99; P-trend = 0.02). Any meat intake was protective of preterm birth (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.82; P < 0.001), very preterm birth (P < 0.001), LBW (P < 0.001), and neonatal death (P = 0.01) but was associated with increased risk of SGA (RR:1.19; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.36; P = 0.04). Any egg intake was protective of very preterm birth (RR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.83; P = 0.01) as compared with no egg intake. Finally, any dairy intake was associated with lower risk of preterm birth (RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.98; P = 0.03) and very preterm birth (RR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.84; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Higher frequency of dietary intake of ASF is associated with lower risk of adverse birth outcomes in urban Tanzania. Promoting prenatal dietary intake of ASF may improve birth outcomes in this region and similar resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pili Kamenju
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Isabel Madzorera
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellen Hertzmark
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Willy Urassa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Birth Weight and Body Composition as Determined by Isotopic Dilution with Deuterium Oxide in 6- to 8-Year-Old South African Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9101597. [PMID: 36291533 PMCID: PMC9600216 DOI: 10.3390/children9101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Low and high birth weight (BW) are associated with obesity later in life; however, this association has not been extensively studied in African countries. This study determines the association between BW and body composition derived from deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution in 6- to 8-year-old South African children (n = 91; 40 boys, 51 girls). BW was recorded retrospectively from the children’s Road-to-Health cards. Weight and height were measured using standard procedures, and D2O dilution was used to determine total body water and, subsequently, to determine body fat. Fatness was classified using the McCarthy centiles, set at 2nd, 85th, and 95th (underfat, overfat and obese). BW correlated with body composition measures, such as body weight (r = 0.23, p = 0.03), height (r = 0.33, p < 0.001), and fat free mass (FFM; r = 0.27, p = 0.01). When multiple regression analysis was employed, BW significantly and positively associated with FFM (β = 0.24, p = 0.013; 95% CI: 0.032; 0.441) and fat mass (β = 0.21, p = 0.02, 95%CI: 0.001; 0.412) in girls and boys combined. A total of 13% of the children had a low BW, with 21% being overweight and 17% obese. More girls than boys were overweight and obese. Intervention strategies that promote healthy uterine growth for optimal BW are needed in order to curb the global obesity pandemic.
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Birth weight and nutritional status of children under five in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269279. [PMID: 35679306 PMCID: PMC9182265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over the past three decades, undernutrition has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years globally. Low birth weight has been identified as a risk factor for child morbidity and mortality, especially among children under five years in sub-Saharan Africa. There is, however, a paucity of empirical literature establishing the association between low birth weight and undernutrition in sub-Saharan Africa. We examined the association between birth weight and nutritional status of children under five in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Our analyses were performed on a weighted sample of 110,497 children under five years from 32 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Data were obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys conducted from 2010 to 2019. We reported the prevalence of low birth weight and nutritional status (stunting, wasting, and underweight) for all the 32 countries using percentages. We used multilevel binary logistic regression to examine the association between birth weight and nutritional status (stunting, wasting, and underweight) of the children, controlling for covariates. The results of the regression analyses were presented using adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results The prevalence of low birth weight was 5.4%, with the highest (13.1%) and lowest (0.9%) reportedin South Africa and Chad, respectively. The pooled prevalence of wasting, underweight, and stunting were 8.1%, 17.0%, and 31.3%, respectively. Niger had the highest prevalence of wasting (21.5%) and underweight (37.1%), whereas Burundi had the highest prevalence of stunting (51.7%). We found that children with low birth weight were more likely to be stunted [aOR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.58–1.78], underweight [aOR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.70–1.94], and wasted [aOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.20–1.38] after controlling for covariates. Conclusion Our study has demonstrated that low birth weight is a key determinant of undernutrition among children under five in sub-Saharan Africa. Policymakers need to give special attention to improving the nutritional status of children under-five years in sub-Saharan Africa by implementing measures aimed at enhancing the weight of children. To accelerate progress towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 target of ending preventable deaths of newborns and under-five by 2030, it is imperative for countries in sub-Saharan Africa to intensify interventions aimed at improving maternal and child nutrition. Specific nutrition interventions such as dietary modification counselling should prioritized.
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Ahenkorah B, Sakyi SA, Helegbe G, Owiredu EW, Fondjo LA, Ofosu W, Der EM, Amoani B, Larbi AA, Cheetham S, Arthur-Johnson P, Kwablah GJ, Gyan B. Foeto-maternal complications associated with low birth weight: A prospective multicenter study in northern Ghana. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266796. [PMID: 35395061 PMCID: PMC8992983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The study evaluated the socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric variables and foeto-maternal complications associated with low birth weight (LBW) in order to provide better treatment and management options.
Methods
The prospective study conducted from February, 2019 to June, 2020 recruited 312 primigravid pregnant women who reported for antenatal care in three tertiary referral hospitals in northern Ghana. Their socio-demographic, obstetric and adverse foeto-maternal outcome information were obtained with a well-structured questionnaire according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines. Participants’ blood samples were collected for haematological tests. Odds ratio [OR, 95% confidence interval (CI)] for the association between socio-demographic, obstetric characteristics, foeto-maternal complications and haematological tests in relation to LBW were assessed using logistic regression model.
Results
This study reported a LBW prevalence of 13.5%. Increasing maternal systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at 1st visit, before and after delivery significantly increased the odds of LBW. Preterm delivery (PTD<37 weeks) (COR = 9.92, 95% CI (4.87–2020), p<0.001), preeclampsia (PE) (COR = 5.94, 95% CI (2.96–11.94), p<0.001), blood transfusion (COR = 14.11, 95% CI (2.50–79.65), p = 0.003), caesarian delivery (COR = 3.86, 95% CI (1.96–7.58), p<0.001) and male sex neonates (COR = 2.25, 95%CI (1.14–4.47), P = 0.020) presented with increased odds of LBW. Increasing gestational age at delivery presented with 28% reduced odds of LBW (COR = 0.72, 95% CI (1.12–4.40), P = 0.023). Upon controlling for potential confounders in multivariate logistic regression, only gestational age at delivery (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI (0.47–0.96), P = 0.030) remained significantly associated with reduced odds of LBW.
Conclusion
This study found that high blood pressure at 1st visit, before and after delivery results in increased chances of delivering a baby with LBW. Furthermore, PTD<37 weeks, having PE in current pregnancy, and male sex potentiate the risk of LBW. On the other hand, increasing gestational age reduces the risk of LBW. Thus, we recommend that midwives should intensify education to pregnant women on the benefits of regular ANC visits to aid in the early detection of adverse foeto-maternal complications. We also recommend proper clinical management of pregnancies associated with an elevated blood pressure at registration. Also, maternal intrapartum blood pressure measurement could be used to predict LBW in low resourced settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ahenkorah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bolgatanga Technical University, Bolgatanga-Upper East Region, Ghana
- * E-mail:
| | - Samuel Asamoah Sakyi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gideon Helegbe
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Eddie-Williams Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Edmund Muonir Der
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Amoani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Amma Aboagyewa Larbi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Susanna Cheetham
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Ben Gyan
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana
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Weyori AE, Seidu AA, Aboagye RG, Holmes FA, Okyere J, Ahinkorah BO. Antenatal care attendance and low birth weight of institutional births in sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:283. [PMID: 35382792 PMCID: PMC8985289 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight (LBW) remains a major health problem that affects newborns worldwide. However, there has been growing evidence that antenatal care (ANC) is associated with LBW. Yet, there is a dearth of research investigating the association between ANC attendance and LBW in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study examined the association between the number of ANC visits and LBW using data from 10 sub-Saharan African countries. METHODS This study pooled data from the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of 10 sub-Saharan African countries conducted from 2018 to 2020. A total of 33,585 women aged 15-49 who had live births in the five years preceding the survey were included in this study. Bivariable and multivariable multilevel regression models were fitted to show the association between the number of ANC visits and LBW. Crude odds ratio (cOR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) at 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used in presenting the results of the regression analysis. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of LBW was 5.7%. The highest prevalence of LBW was recorded in Gambia (7.2%) with the lowest found in Sierra Leone (2.9%). In terms of eight or more ANC visits, the overall prevalence was 14.5%. Nigeria had the highest prevalence of eight or more ANC visits (43.5%) with the lowest in Rwanda (0.2%). We found a statistically significant association between the number of ANC visits and LBW. Mothers who had eight or more ANC visits were less likely to have LBW children compared to mothers who had less than eight ANC visits [cOR = 0.66; CI = 0.55 - 0.79] and this persisted after controlling for the covariates [aOR = 0.68; CI = 0.56 - 0.82]. Covariates associated with LBW were maternal age, marital status, level of education, age of child, and wealth index. CONCLUSION This study has shown a statistically significant association between ANC and LBW in SSA, with women who had eight or more ANC visits being at lower risks of giving birth to children with LBW. We found that eight or more ANC attendance was a protective factor against LBW in SSA. Therefore, it is important for sub-Saharan African countries with low prevalence of eight or more ANC attendance and high LBW prevalence to channel their efforts towards promoting more ANC attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alirah Emmanuel Weyori
- Institute of Development and Agricultural Economics, Leibniz Universitat Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Real Estate Management, Faculty of Build and Natural Environment, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana.,Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Richard Gyan Aboagye
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Francis Arthur- Holmes
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan University, TuenMun, 8 Castle Peak Road, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Joshua Okyere
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Fentie EA, Yeshita HY, Bokie MM. Low birth weight and associated factors among HIV positive and negative mothers delivered in northwest Amhara region referral hospitals, Ethiopia,2020 a comparative crossectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263812. [PMID: 35148350 PMCID: PMC8836330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even though pregnancy does not affect HIV infection progression, HIV affects the pregnancy outcome. Maternal HIV infection has many untoward effects which include low birth weight which is the major cause of neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality. However, there is controversy and limited information about the effect of HIV status on birth weight around the world including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the prevalence of LBW and their associated factors among HIV+ and HIV- mothers delivered in Northwest Amhara region referral hospitals. Method A comparative crossectional study was conducted from September 2016 to September 2019. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 474 participants. Data were collected from the mothers’ chart by using a data extraction sheet and then entered into Epi-data and exported into SPSS for analysis. Independent variables with p-values < 0.2 in the bivariable analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression models with backward logistic regressions method to control confounders and identify the factor. Result The overall prevalence of LBW was 13.9% (95% CI:10.8%-17.1%). The prevalence was higher among HIV+ 17.7% (95% CI:14.1%-22.8%) than HIV- mothers 10.1% (95% CI:6.3%—13.8%). CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 [AOR 3.2, 95%CI (1.05, 9.84)] and between 200–350 cells/mm3 [2.81, 95% CI (1,08, 7.28)], Mothers with MUAC <23 cm [AOR 3.39, 95% CI (1.41, 8.18)] and gestational age <37 weeks [AOR 7.34, 95% CI (3.02,17.80)] were significantly associated with LBW in HIV+ mothers. While, rural residence [AOR 3.93,95% CI (1.356,11.40)], PROM during current pregnancy [AOR 4.96, 95% CI (2.55, 15.83)] and gestational age <37 week [AOR 8.21, 95% CI (2.60, 25.89)] were significantly associated with LBW in HIV negative mothers. Conclusion The prevalence of LBW was significantly higher among HIV+ mothers as compared to HIV—mothers and this study suggests to emphasize nutritional supplementation of HIV positive mothers, needs to focus on nutritional counseling during ANC/PMTCT follow up and encourage HIV positive mothers to delay their pregnancy until their immune status improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Awoke Fentie
- Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Hedija Yenus Yeshita
- Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Moges Muluneh Bokie
- Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight and Preterm Delivery in the Ho Municipality of Ghana. ADVANCES IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3955869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Low birth weight and preterm delivery are birth outcomes that can predict newborns’ survival, development, and long-term health outcomes. This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery in the Ho Municipality of Ghana. Methods. This retrospective, cross-sectional study analysed data from 680 birth records between October and December 2018. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models predicted low birth weight and preterm delivery factors. Results. The prevalence of low birth weight and preterm delivery was 12.9% and 14.1%, respectively. Increasing maternal age (AOR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.28–0.98), multiparity (AOR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.30–0.94) and increasing doses of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (AOR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22–0.84) significantly reduced the odds of low birth weight. However, caesarean section (AOR: 1.94; 95% CI: 0.1.16–3.27) and hypertension (AOR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.27–03.33) significantly increased the likelihood of low birth weight. An increasing number of antenatal care visits (AOR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.18–0.80) and doses of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (AOR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.19–0.97) were significantly associated with decreased odds of preterm delivery, while caesarean section increased the odds of preterm delivery by two folds (AOR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.15–3.99). Conclusion. This study shows that maternal age, parity, number of antenatal care visits, hypertension, SP/IPTp, and caesarean section were independently associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery. Education and interventions should be prioritised as vitally important on these factors to reduce the risk and complications associated with these birth outcomes.
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Meer R, Boateng D, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Norris SA, Kagura J. Incidence and correlates of high blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: the Birth to Twenty study. J Hypertens 2022; 40:274-282. [PMID: 34475345 PMCID: PMC8728753 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence from high-income countries suggesting that hypertension developed in childhood and adolescence persists into adulthood. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of high blood pressure (BP) in urban black children. METHODS We used data from the Birth to Twenty (BT20+) cohort in Johannesburg, South Africa constituting of children born in 1990 and who had their growth, development and blood pressure measured at six follow-up periods over the course of 13 years. High BP was classified as at least 95th percentile for age, sex and height. Incidence rate of high BP was calculated using survival analysis and risk factors were determined by use of Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS Over a follow-up period of 13 years, the overall incidence rate of high BP was 57 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI 53.2-61.1). Risk for incident high BP increased with rapid relative weight gain in early childhood (hazard ratio =1.11, 95% CI 1.00-1.22), mid-childhood (hazard ratio = 1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.24) and adolescence (hazard ratio = 1.21, 95% CI 0.99-1.47). Maternal parity significantly increased the risk for incident high BP (hazard ratio = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.15). CONCLUSION Maternal parity and relative weight gain were determinants for incident high blood pressure in urban black South African children and adolescents. To reduce the high incidence and the disease burden of high BP, national programs should focus on promoting healthy lifestyle in early stages of life to prevent rapid weight gain and later cardiovascular disease risk. Further research is required to investigate whether incident high BP in childhood predict clinical outcomes in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Meer
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Boateng
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - Shane A. Norris
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Global Health Research Institute, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Juliana Kagura
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences
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Adugna DG, Worku MG. Maternal and neonatal factors associated with low birth weight among neonates delivered at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:899922. [PMID: 36046473 PMCID: PMC9420907 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.899922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low birth weight is a major contributory factor to infant mortality. Although low birth weight remains an important public health problem in Ethiopia, little emphasis is paid to its intervention as a means of reducing neonatal mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of low birth weight and its associated maternal and neonatal factors in newborns delivered at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. METHODS Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted, and 481 study participants were selected using systematic random sampling methods. Pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression was implemented. Finally, the odds ratio with a 95% CI and a p-value of <0.05 were used to identify factors associated with low birth weight. RESULT The prevalence of low birth weight was 12.5% (95% CI; 9.8, 15.7%). Preterm birth (AOR = 38; 95% CI: 15.3, 93.0), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) (AOR = 2.6; 95%CI: 1.1, 6.4), maternal body mass index (BMI) of < 18.5 kg/m2 (AOR = 6.8; 95% CI: 1.5, 31.1), and grand multiparity (AOR = 4.2; 95% CI: 1.2, 16) were factors positively associated with low birth weight. However, babies delivered from mothers with age > 35 years (AOR = 0.14:95% CI 0.03, 0.7) had lower odds of low birth weight. CONCLUSION In this study, the prevalence of low birth weight was higher than in the previous studies. The study revealed preterm birth, PIH, BMI of < 18.5 kg/m2, and grand multiparity were independent factors that increase the low birth weight while maternal age > 35 years reduces the low birth weight. Therefore, healthcare professionals should emphasize the early identification and management of women with PIH, tackling prematurity, and preventing maternal malnutrition through nutritional counseling as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagnew Getnet Adugna
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Misganaw Gebrie Worku
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Mtongwa RH, Festo C, Elisaria E. A comparative analysis of determinants of low birth weight and stunting among under five children of adolescent and non-adolescent mothers using 2015/16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS). BMC Nutr 2021; 7:64. [PMID: 34732260 PMCID: PMC8567641 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tanzania is one of the Sub-Saharan African country with nearly 12 out of 60 million people being adolescent. The prevalence of child marriage is higher with one out of every three girls being married before reaching their 18th birthday, 5 % being married by the age of 15, and 31% by the age of 18 years. Literature shows early pregnancy is associated with Low Birth Weight (LBW) and stunting among children under 5 years. This paper explores variation and factors associated with low birth weight and stunting among children born by adolescent and non-adolescent mothers. METHODS Data from 13,266 women with children under 5 years collected as part of the 2015/2016 TDHS was re-analyzed using STATA version 14 software while accounting for survey design. A total of 6385 women (of which 7.2% were adolescent) and 8852 women (of which 6.7% were adolescent) were involved in the analysis of child birth weight and stunting respectively. Descriptive statistics stratified by maternal age was conducted with LBW and stunting as outcome variables followed by logistic regressions models controlling for confounding variables. RESULTS The proportion of obese or overweight adolescent and non-adolescent mothers was 11.8 and 36.5% respectively. Antenatal care (ANC) attendance, areas of residence and social economic status were very similar in the two maternal age groups. Non- adolescent mothers had reduced odds of giving birth to LBW babies compared to adolescent mothers (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.22-0.50). Maternal undernutrition (AOR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.43-3.67), being divorced, separated or widowed (AOR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.24-2.50) and having at least four ANC visits (AOR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49-0.83) were significantly associated with reduced odds of having a LBW. Child stunting was not associated with maternal age. Maternal high socioeconomic status (AOR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57-0.84) and maternal obesity or overweight (AOR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.64-0.92) were negatively associated with stunting. Child birth weight, sex, and age were significantly associated with stunting. CONCLUSION Maternal age was a predictor of LBW but not stunting. ANC attendance and not living with a spouse increase the risk of LBW babies. Stunting was associated with low maternal body mass index (BMI), low socioeconomic status, child birth weight, gender, and age. A multi-sectoral approach is needed to address child nutrition problems with teenagers 'specific intervention that offer emotional support, and health education during pregnancies for improving immediate and later life child birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadhani H Mtongwa
- The Nelson Mandela Institution of Science and Technology in Collaboration with Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania.
| | - Charles Festo
- Department of Impact Evaluation, Health System and Policy Analysis, Ifakara Health Institute, Plot 463, Kiko Avenue Mikocheni, P.O. Box 78 373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ester Elisaria
- Department of Impact Evaluation, Health System and Policy Analysis, Ifakara Health Institute, Plot 463, Kiko Avenue Mikocheni, P.O. Box 78 373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Alrumayh A, Alfuhaid F, Sayed AJ, Tareen SUK, Alrumayh I, Habibullah MA. Maternal Periodontal Disease: A Possible Risk Factor for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S1723-S1727. [PMID: 35018063 PMCID: PMC8686975 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_838_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In periodontal disease, pathogenic inflammatory factors hold a vital part in adverse pregnancy outcomes. In recent years, there has been a large amount of literature concerning the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth (PTB) and low-birth-weight baby (LBWB). In the Middle-east region, reports indicate a higher rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and periodontitis is believed to be one of several risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This cross-sectional, epidemiological study aimed to investigate the prevalence of periodontal diseases among pregnant women in the Qassim region and its association as a possible risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY This was a cross-sectional, epidemiological study of 380 pregnant women from the 8th week postconception to parturition who were attending to Maternal and Children's Hospital in Buraidah, Qassim, KSA. The data were collected through questionnaire and oral examination. Plaque scores (Silness and Loe) and gingival disease scores (Ramfjord Periodontal Disease Index [PDI]) were used to assess oral hygiene status. The questionnaire data collected included gestational age, plaque control habits, previous incidences of premature birth, and awareness of expectant mothers about periodontal disease. RESULTS Data were collected for 380 participants. Our results based on the plaque index and PDI showed that all (100%) of these 380 pregnant women suffered periodontal diseases (gingivitis 78.9% and periodontitis 21.1%). The distribution of gingivitis was the highest among 3rd trimester patients and lowest among 1st trimester patients. Mild-to-moderate types of periodontitis (4 mm-5 mm) were more prevalent among the participants compared with severe (more than 6 mm) forms of periodontitis with a higher prevalence in the 3rd trimester (7-9 months) of gestational age. CONCLUSIONS A very strong significant association of pregnancy and periodontal disease in the Saudi population (Qassim Region) and periodontal disease is risk factor for PTB and LBWB for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwahab Alrumayh
- Dental Surgeon, Interns Affairs Unit, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Abdulwahab Alrumayh, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, KSA. E-mail:
| | - Fahad Alfuhaid
- Dental Surgeon, Interns Affairs Unit, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Jamal Sayed
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry in Alrass, Qassim University, Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia, India
| | - Sabahat Ullah Khan Tareen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry in Alrass, Qassim University, Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia, India
| | | | - Mohammed Ali Habibullah
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry in Alrass, Qassim University, Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia, India
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Lingani M, Zango SH, Valéa I, Valia D, Sanou M, Samandoulougou SO, Robert A, Tinto H, Dramaix M, Donnen P. Magnitude of low birthweight in malaria endemic settings of Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso: a secondary data analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21332. [PMID: 34716389 PMCID: PMC8556330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Low birthweight (LBW) is a worldwide problem that particularly affects developing countries. However, limited information is available on its magnitude in rural area of Burkina Faso. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of low birthweight and to identify its associated factors in Nanoro health district. A secondary analysis of data collected during a cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of low birthweight in Nanoro health and demographic surveillance system area (HDSS). Maternal characteristics extracted from antenatal care books or by interview, completed by malaria diagnosis were examined through a multi-level logistic regression to estimate odd-ratios of association with low birthweight. Significance level was set at 5%. Of the 291 neonates examined, the prevalence of low birthweight was 12%. After adjustment for socio-demographic, obstetric and malaria prevention variables, being primigravid (OR = 8.84, [95% CI: 3.72-21.01]), or multigravid with history of stillbirth (OR = 5.03, [95% CI: 1.54-16.40]), as well as the lack of long-lasting insecticide treated bed net use by the mother the night preceding the admission for delivery (OR = 2.5, [95% CI: 1.1-5.9]) were significantly associated with neonate low birthweight. The number of antenatal visits however did not confer any direct benefit on birthweight status within this study area. The prevalence of low birthweight was high in the study area and represents an important public health problem in Burkina Faso. In light of these results, a redefinition of the content of the antenatal care package is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Lingani
- École de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, CP594, 1070, Bruxelles, Belgique.
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), BP 218, 11, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.
| | - Serge H Zango
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Division, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs 30, B1.30.13, 1200, Brussels, Belgique
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), BP 218, 11, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Innocent Valéa
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), BP 218, 11, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Daniel Valia
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), BP 218, 11, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Maïmouna Sanou
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), BP 218, 11, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Sékou O Samandoulougou
- Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Annie Robert
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Division, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs 30, B1.30.13, 1200, Brussels, Belgique
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), BP 218, 11, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Michèle Dramaix
- École de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, CP594, 1070, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Philippe Donnen
- École de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, CP594, 1070, Bruxelles, Belgique
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Kargbo DK, Nyarko K, Sackey S, Addo-Lartey A, Kenu E, Anto F. Determinants of low birth weight deliveries at five referral hospitals in Western Area Urban district, Sierra Leone. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:212. [PMID: 34711248 PMCID: PMC8554995 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low birth weight (LBW) contributes significantly to infant and child mortality. Each year, about 20 1million deliveries are LBW with 96.5% occurring in developing countries. Whiles the incidence of LBW is reducing in other districts of Sierra Leone, it has been reported to be increasing in the Western Area Urban district. Determining the risk factors in a specific geographic area is important for identifying mothers at risk and thereby for planning and taking appropriate action. The current study sought to identify factors associated with LBW deliveries in the Western Area Urban district of Sierra Leone. Methods A hospital-based unmatched 1:2 case-control study was conducted among mothers who delivered live singleton babies from November, 2019 to February, 2020 in five referral health facilities. Mothers were conveniently sampled and sequentially enrolled into the study after delivery. Their antenatal care cards were reviewed and a pre-tested questionnaire administered to the mothers. Data analysis was done using Stata 15.0 and association between maternal socio-demographic, socio-economic, obstetric and lifestyle factors and LBW assessed using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 438 mothers (146 cases and 292 controls), mean age: 24.2 (±5.8) and 26.1 (±5.5) years for cases and controls respectively participated in the study. Multivariable analysis revealed that being unemployed (AoR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.16–5.49, p = 0.020), having anaemia during pregnancy (AoR = 3.88, 95% CI 1.90–7.90, p < 0.001), having less than 2 years inter-pregnancy interval (AoR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.11–5.73, p = 0.026), and smoking cigarettes during pregnancy (AoR = 4.36, 95% CI 1.94–9.80, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with having LBW babies. Conclusion Factors associated with LBW identified were unemployment, anaemia during pregnancy, < 2 years inter-pregnancy interval and cigarette smoking during pregnancy. Health care providers should screen and sensitize mothers on the risk factors of LBW during antenatal sessions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13052-021-01160-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kabba Kargbo
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.,Field Epidemiology Training Program, Free Town, Sierra Leone
| | - Kofi Nyarko
- Field Epidemiology Training Program, Free Town, Sierra Leone
| | - Samuel Sackey
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Adolphina Addo-Lartey
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ernest Kenu
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francis Anto
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
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Bonatti ADT, Roberto APDSC, Oliveira TD, Jamas MT, Carvalhaes MADBL, Parada CMGDL. Do depressive symptoms among pregnant women assisted in Primary Health Care services increase the risk of prematurity and low birth weight? Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2021; 29:e3480. [PMID: 34495191 PMCID: PMC8432585 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.4932.3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: to investigate associations between depressive symptoms during pregnancy, low birth weight, and prematurity among women with low-risk pregnancies assisted in public Primary Health Care services. Method: prospective cohort with 193 pregnant women, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, telephone interviews, and medical records available in the health services. Associations of interest were obtained using the Cox regression model. Results: the participants were aged 24.9 years old (median) and had 11 years of schooling (median); 82.4% lived with their partners, and gestational age at the birth was 39 weeks (median). Twenty-five percent of the participants scored ≥13 on the Edinburgh scale. Depressive symptoms did not appear associated with low birth weight (RR=2.06; CI95%=0.56-7.61) or prematurity (RR=0.86; CI95%=0.24-3.09) in the adjusted analysis. However, premature labor increased the risk of low birth weight (RR=4.81; CI95%=1.01-23.0) and prematurity (RR=7.70; CI95%=2.50-23.7). Additionally, each week added to gestational age decreased the risk of low birth weight (RR=0.76; CI95%=0.61-0.95). Conclusion: the presence of depressive symptoms among women with low-risk pregnancies was not associated with low birth weight or prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelise de Toledo Bonatti
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Scholarship holder at the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil
| | | | - Thais de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena Temer Jamas
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Maria Garcia de Lima Parada
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Scholarship holder at the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil
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Association between Maternal Dietary Diversity and Low Birth Weight in Central India: A Case-Control Study. J Nutr Metab 2021; 2021:6667608. [PMID: 34194827 PMCID: PMC8181120 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6667608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the major public health challenges in India. LBW etiology is multifactorial and linked to multiple determinants, including maternal undernutrition and sociodemographic characteristics. The objective of the present endeavor was to assess how maternal dietary diversity and other sociodemographic factors among marginalized populations are associated with the incidence of LBW. The study was a part of the community-based intervention that aimed to improve maternal and child health in the Morena district of Madhya Pradesh, a state in central India. In this case-control study, cases were defined as mothers with an LBW child (<2500 grams) and controls as mothers without an LBW child. A quantitative survey was done with women of reproductive age, having at least one child aged 0–24 months. We calculated the dietary diversity based on the number of food groups consumed during pregnancy by women on a daily basis. Stepwise logistic regression models were built to test for associations between sociodemographic and dietary diversity variables and LBW incidence. There were 157 mothers with and 214 without an LBW child. Women's diets mainly consisted of grains, such as wheat, rice, maize, and roots and tubers. Eggs and meat were consumed by less than 1% of the women. There were 20% lesser chances of an LBW child with increasing maternal dietary diversity scores (odds ratio: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.96). The poor maternal diet quality during pregnancy may result in adverse birth outcomes with long-term consequences in a child.
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Afaya A, Afaya RA, Azongo TB, Yakong VN, Konlan KD, Agbinku E, Agyabeng-Fandoh E, Akokre R, Karim JF, Salia SM, Kaba RA, Ayanore MA. Maternal risk factors and neonatal outcomes associated with low birth weight in a secondary referral hospital in Ghana. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06962. [PMID: 34007935 PMCID: PMC8111250 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past decade, the incidence of low birth weight (LBW) in sub-Saharan Africa has not seen any decline and this is a matter of grave concern for healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the incidence of LBW and related maternal risk factors (during pregnancy or delivery) as well as neonatal outcomes. METHODS An institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study design was employed to select 1,017 mothers who delivered in the study hospital from January to December 2017 with singleton newborn babies without congenital diseases. Data were analysed using STATA version 14.1 (StataCorp. 2015. Stata Statistical Software: Release 14. College Station, TX: Stata Corp LP). Chi-square test of independence was used to test the association between the dependent variable (LBW) and risk factors of LBW. Bivariate and multivariable unconditional logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with LBW. RESULTS The incidence of LBW was 23.7%. The findings show that being married has a protective effect on LBW [AOR = 0.60 (95%CI: 0.40-0.90), p = 0.013] compared to single mothers. Neonates born between gestational age of 37-42 weeks had 85% lower odds of LBW [AOR = 0.15, (95%CI: 0.10-0.24), p < 0.001)]. Neonates with LBW had a higher risk of low Apgar score in the first minute compared to neonates with normal birth weight [AOR = 0.52 (95%CI: 0.37-0.73), p < 0.001]. Female neonates had 64% higher odds of LBW compared to their male counterparts [AOR = 1.64 (95%CI: 1.19-2.24), p = 0.002]. CONCLUSION This study revealed a high incidence of LBW. Women's marital status (single mothers), gestational age (<37 weeks), neonatal sex (female), are independent risk factors associated with LBW, while a higher risk of an Apgar score of less than 7 in the first minute was an independent outcome of low birth weight births. The current study findings contribute to the growing literature on the influence of maternal and neonatal factors on LBW in resource-constrained settings. These findings could guide healthcare providers, hospital administrators, stakeholders, and policymakers to develop and implement appropriate clinical and public health strategies aimed at reducing LBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agani Afaya
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Richard Adongo Afaya
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Thomas Bavo Azongo
- Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Vida Nyagre Yakong
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Kennedy Diema Konlan
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Ethel Agbinku
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Eric Agyabeng-Fandoh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Renna Akokre
- Department of Nursing, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jebuni Fuseini Karim
- Superior School of Health, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed. 5-8005-193 Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Robert Alhassan Kaba
- Centre for Health Policy and Implementation Research. Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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Maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy and risk of low birth weight in newborns: a systematic review. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:4671-4681. [PMID: 33472725 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is a key factor influencing birth outcome. Dietary diversity is a proxy for multiple macro- and/or micronutrient sufficiency of an individual's diet. This systematic review aimed to summarise the findings on the association between maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy and the risk of low birth weight (LBW) in newborns. DESIGN This is a systematic review study. SETTING Google and the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched to extract original studies on humans published until June 2020, without date restrictions. There was no limitation regarding geographic region or economic condition of countries. Duplicated and irrelevant studies were screened out and data were obtained through critical analysis. PARTICIPANTS Articles that examined the association between maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy and the risk of LBW in infants were included. RESULTS Of the ninety-eight studies retrieved, fifteen articles were included in the final review. All included articles represent low- and middle-income countries. Eighty percentage of the studies (n 12) indicated that low maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of LBW infants. Three studies that included a small number of LBW infants and did not take into account factors which may bias study results failed to show this association. CONCLUSION The results suggest that low maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy may be associated with the risk of LBW, more specifically in developing countries. Dietary diversity might be a valuable predictor of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and the chance of giving birth to a LBW infant.
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Armstrong-Mensah E, Ebiringa DP, Whitfield K, Coldiron J. Genital Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Adverse Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in Children and Women in sub-Saharan Africa. Int J MCH AIDS 2021; 10:251-257. [PMID: 34900393 PMCID: PMC8647192 DOI: 10.21106/ijma.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Genital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) has adverse health outcomes for women and children. In pregnant women, the infection causes adverse obstetric outcomes including pelvic inflammation, ectopic pregnancy, and miscarriage. In children, it causes adverse birth outcomes such as skin rash, lesions, limb abnormalities, conjunctivitis, neurological damage, and even death. This article discusses genital CT prevalence, risk factors, and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes among women and children in sub-Saharan Africa as well as challenges associated with the mitigation of the disease. A comprehensive search of databases including PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar was conducted using keywords such as genital chlamydia trachomatis, adverse pregnancy outcomes, adverse birth outcomes, and sub-Saharan African. We found that genital CT prevalence rates in some sub-Saharan Africa countries were higher than others and that risk factors such as the lack of condom use, having multiple sexual partners, and low educational levels contribute to the transmission of the infection. We also found that negative cultural practices, illiteracy among women, and the lack of access to screening services during pregnancy are some of the challenges associated with CT mitigation in sub-Saharan Africa. To reduce genital CT transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, efforts must be made by country governments to eliminate negative cultural practices, promote female literacy, and provide access to screening services for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaleb Whitfield
- Georgia State University, School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Jake Coldiron
- Georgia State University, School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
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Fayehun O, Asa S. Abnormal birth weight in urban Nigeria: An examination of related factors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242796. [PMID: 33232372 PMCID: PMC7685448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a knowledge gap on abnormal birth weight in urban Nigeria where specific community contexts can have a significant impact on a child's health. Abnormal birth weight, classified into low birth weight and high birth weight, is often associated with adverse health outcomes and a leading risk for neonatal morbidity and mortality. The study used datasets from the birth recode file of 2013 and 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS); a weighted sample of pooled 9,244 live births by 7,951 mothers within ten years (2008-2018) in urban Nigeria. The effects of individual, healthcare utilization and community-level variables on the two abnormal birth weight categories were explored with a multinomial logistic regression models using normal birth weight as a reference group. In urban Nigeria, the overall prevalence of ABW was 18.3%; high birth weight accounted for the majority (10.7%) of infants who were outside the normal birth weight range. Predictors of LBW were community (region), child characteristic (the type of birth) and household (wealth index) while that of HBW were community (regions), child characteristics (birth intervals and sex), maternal characteristic (education) and healthcare utilization (ANC registration). LBW was significantly more prevalent in the northern part while HBW was more common in the southern part of urban Nigeria. This pattern conforms to the expected north-south dichotomy in health indicators and outcomes. These differences can be linked to suggested variation in regional exposure to urbanization in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soladoye Asa
- Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria
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Shibre G, Tamire M. Prevalence of and socioeconomic gradient in low birth weight in Ethiopia: further analysis of the 2016 demographic and health survey data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:608. [PMID: 33032553 PMCID: PMC7545879 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests appearance of socioeconomic gradient in the probability of low birth weight (LBW). Such evidence, however, is scanty in Ethiopia. The study aimed to examine the prevalence of and socioeconomic gradient in LBW in Ethiopia. Method Data for the study were drawn from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016. The 2016 EDHS is the fourth wave in the series of nationally representative household surveys carried out in the country to deliver up-to-date health and demographic indicators for the Ethiopian population. Women aged 15 to 49 years were the main focus of the survey, with data also gathered from men aged 15 to 59 years and under five children. The study pursued complex sampling strategy to draw samples representative at national as well as at urban and rural levels. The data are available to the public domain and were accessed from the MEASURE DHS following registration. Multivariable logistic regression model and marginal standardization were used to estimate socioeconomic gradient in the probability of LBW. We performed sensitivity analysis to evaluate variation of LBW according to different categories of socioeconomic position. Maternal education and household wealth were used as measures of the socioeconomic position in the study. Results 13.2% (95% confidence interval = 10.73, 15.65) of births were complicated by LBW. The findings showed that socioeconomic gradient was evident between maternal education and LBW; as education increases from no education to secondary education, the probability of occurrence of LBW consistently declined. However, no gradient in LBW was detected for household wealth. Conclusions We have identified education gradient in LBW, with the highest burden of LBW occurring among the non-educated women. To redress the observed education disparity in LBW, targeted interventions need to be implemented with greater emphasis placed on illiterate women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebretsadik Shibre
- Department of Reproductive, Family and Population Health, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Mulugeta Tamire
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Fekadu Dadi A, Miller ER, Woodman RJ, Azale T, Mwanri L. Effect of antenatal depression on adverse birth outcomes in Gondar town, Ethiopia: A community-based cohort study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234728. [PMID: 32555631 PMCID: PMC7299401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of antenatal depression on pregnancy outcomes has been well investigated in developed countries, but few studies have been conducted in low-income countries. As depression is significantly affected by socio-economic and cultural factors, it would be difficult to generalize evidence from high-income countries to low-income countries. We conducted a community-based cohort study to estimate the incidence of adverse birth outcomes and the direct and indirect pathways via which depression and other psychosocial risk factors may impact such birth outcomes within Gondar town, Ethiopia. METHODS The study followed 916 pregnant women who were screened for antenatal depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). We also assessed the incidence of preterm births, Low Birth Weight (LBW) and stillbirths. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate the relative risk of predictors on adverse birth outcomes and a Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) was used to estimate the direct and indirect effect of antenatal depression and other psychological risk factors on adverse birth outcomes. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of stillbirth, LBW and preterm was 1.90%, 5.25%, and 16.42%, respectively. The risk of preterm birth was 1.61, 1.46, 1.49, and 1.77 times higher among participants who identified as Muslim, reported being fearful of delivery, were government employee's, and who had no antenatal care services, respectively. Partner support moderated the association between depression, preterm birth, and LBW. Depression had no direct effect on birth outcomes but indirectly affected preterm birth via partner support. Religion had both direct and indirect effects on preterm birth, while occupation and fear of delivery had direct effects. The risk of LBW was 9.44 and 2.19 times higher among preterm births and those who had exposure to tobacco, respectively. Stress coping was indirectly associated, and preterm birth and tobacco exposure were directly associated with LBW. The risk of stillbirth was 3.22 times higher in women with antenatal depression and 73% lower in women with higher coping abilities. CONCLUSIONS There was a high incidence of all adverse birth outcomes in Gondar Town. Depression and psychosocial risk factors had important indirect negative effects on risk, while partner support provided a positive indirect effect on the incidence of adverse birth outcomes. Interventions that focus on increasing partner engagement and participation in antenatal support may help reduce adverse birth outcomes by enhancing maternal resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Fekadu Dadi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Emma R. Miller
- Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Richard J. Woodman
- Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Telake Azale
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Lillian Mwanri
- Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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Gedefaw G, Alemnew B, Demis A. Adverse fetal outcomes and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:269. [PMID: 32493464 PMCID: PMC7268488 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the reduction of neonatal morbidity and mortality, is one of the third Sustainable Development Goal to end the death of children, the burden of the problem still the major challenge in Ethiopia. Globally, the most common causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality are adverse fetal outcomes (low birth weight, stillbirth, prematurity, congenital defect). Therefore this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of adverse fetal outcomes and its associated factors in Ethiopia. METHOD International databases (PubMed, Google scholar, web of science and science direct) were searched. Seventeen articles were included, among these, fourteen were cross-sectional and three of them were case-control studies. Publication bias was employed using a funnel plot and eggers test. The I2 statistic was computed to check the heterogeneity of studies. Subgroup analysis was performed for the evidence of heterogeneity. RESULT A total of 11,280 study participants were used to estimate the pooled prevalence of adverse fetal outcomes. The overall pooled prevalence of adverse fetal outcomes in Ethiopia was 26.88% (95% CI; 20.73-33.04). Low birth weight 10.06% (95% CI; 7.21-12.91) and prematurity 8.76% (95% CI; 5.4-12.11) were the most common adverse birth outcome at the national level. Rural in residency (AOR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.64-3.24), lack of antenatal care follow up (AOR = 3.84; 95% CI: 2.76-5.35), pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR = 7.27; 95% CI: 3.95-13.39), advanced maternal age ≥ 35(AOR = 2.72; 95% CI: 1.62-4.58, and having current complication of pregnancy (AOR = 4.98; 95% CI: 2.24-11.07) were the factors associated with adverse birth outcome. CONCLUSION The pooled prevalence of adverse fetal outcomes in Ethiopia was high. Rural in residency, lack of antenatal care follow up, pregnancy-induced hypertension, advanced maternal age ≥ 35, and having current complications of pregnancy were the factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes. PROSPERO PROTOCOL REGISTRATION CRD42020149163.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getnet Gedefaw
- Department of Midwifery, College of health sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
| | - Birhan Alemnew
- Department of Medical laboratory science, College of health sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Asmamaw Demis
- Department of Nursing, College of health sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
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Mitku AA, Zewotir T, North D, Jeena P, Asharam K, Muttoo S, Naidoo RN. The spatial modification of the non-linear effects of ambient oxides of nitrogen during pregnancy on birthweight in a South African birth cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109239. [PMID: 32311905 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Birthweight is strongly associated with infant mortality and is a major determinant of infant survival. Several factors such as maternal, environmental, clinical, and social factors influence birthweight, and these vary geographically, including across low, middle, and economically advanced countries. The aim of the study was to investigate the geographical modification of the effect of oxides of nitrogen exposure on birthweight adjusted for clinical and socio-demographic factors. Data for the study was obtained from the Mother and Child in the Environment birth cohort study in Durban, South Africa. Pregnant females were selected from public sector antenatal clinics in low socioeconomic neighborhoods. Land use regression models were used to determine household level antenatal exposure to oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Six hundred and seventy-seven births were analysed, using the geoadditive model with Gaussian distribution and identity link function. The newborns in the cohort had a mean birthweight of 3106.5 g (standard deviation (SD): 538.2 g and the maternal mean age was 26.1 years (SD: 5.7). A spatially modified NOx exposure-related effect on birthweight was found across two geographic regions in Durban. Prenatal exposure to NOx was also found to have a non-linear effect on the birthweight of infants. The study suggested that incorporating spatial variability is important to understand and design appropriate policies to reduce air pollution in order to prevent risks associated with birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aweke A Mitku
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Statistics, College Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
| | - Temesgen Zewotir
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Delia North
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Prakash Jeena
- Discipline of Paediatric and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kareshma Asharam
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sheena Muttoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajen N Naidoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Blay RM, Arko-Boham B, Addai FK. Natural cocoa improves birth weight and viability of rabbit pups born to hypercholesterolemic mothers. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Factors Associated with Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041382. [PMID: 32098043 PMCID: PMC7068537 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Both preterm birth and low birth weight (LBW) represent major public health problems worldwide due to their association with the catastrophic effects of morbidity and mortality. Few data exist about such adverse pregnancy outcomes. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with preterm birth and LBW among mothers of children under two years in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Data were collected in clinical and non-clinical settings across various geographical areas in Abu Dhabi. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 1610 mother–child pairs were included in the current study. Preterm birth rate was 102 (6.3%) with a 95% confidence interval [CI] (6.1%, 6.5%) and the LBW rate was 151 (9.4%) with a 95% CI (9.3%, 9.5%). The mean (SD) of gestational age (GA) and birth weight at delivery was 39.1 (1.9) weeks and 3080.3 (518.6) grams, respectively. Factors that were positively associated with preterm birth were Arab mothers, maternal education level below secondary, caesarean section, and LBW. LBW was associated with female children, caesarean section (CS), first child order, and preterm birth. The current study highlighted the need for further interventional research to tackle these public health issues such as reducing the high CS rate and improving maternal education.
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Associated Factors with Low Birth Weight in Dire Dawa City, Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2965094. [PMID: 31886197 PMCID: PMC6925748 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2965094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Low Birth Weight (LBW) is a serious public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. Globally, 20 million, an estimated 15% to 20% of babies were born with LBW, and, of these, 13% were in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the World Health Assembly targeted to reduce LBW by 30% by the end of 2025, little has been done on and known about LBW. To meet the goal successfully and efficiently, more research studies on the problem are vital. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the associated factors of LBW in Dire Dawa city, eastern Ethiopia. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and the associated factors of low birth weight in Dire Dawa City, eastern Ethiopia, 2017. Method A cross-sectional study designed was conducted, and using a systematic sampling technique, 431 mothers who gave birth in the public hospitals in Dire Dawa city from July 01 to August 30, 2018, were selected. Stillbirth and infants with birth defects were excluded from the study. Well-trained data collectors collected the data using a structured questionnaire which was pretested. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0. The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied in multivariate logistic regression models, and p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistical significant. Result The prevalence of low birth weight was 21%. Not received nutritional counseling during antenatal care (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 4.06), preterm birth (AOR = 18.48, 95% CI: 6.51, 52.42), maternal smoking (AOR = 3.97, 95% CI: 1.59, 9.88), and height of the mother less than 150 cm (AOR = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.07, 11.76) were significantly associated with Low birth weight. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of low birth weight in the study area. Effective dietary counseling and additional diet, implementing proven strategies to prevent preterm birth and avoid smoking during pregnancy might decrease the low birth weight and then enhance child survival.
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