1
|
Nieman DC, Sakaguchi CA, Williams JC, Mulani FA, Shivprasad Suresh P, Omar AM, Zhang Q. Beet supplementation mitigates post-exercise inflammation. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1408804. [PMID: 38873567 PMCID: PMC11169660 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1408804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the efficacy of a mixed beet-based supplement (BEET) versus placebo (PL) in countering inflammation during recovery from 2.25 h of intensive cycling in 20 male and female cyclists. A multi-omics approach was used that included untargeted proteomics and a targeted oxylipin panel. Methods A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover design was used with two 2-week supplementation periods and a 2-week washout period. Supplementation periods were followed by a 2.25 h cycling bout at close to 70%VO2max. The BEET supplement provided 212 mg of nitrates per day, 200 mg caffeine from green tea extract, 44 mg vitamin C from Camu Camu berry, B-vitamins from quinoa sprouts (40% Daily Value for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B6), and 2.5 g of a mushroom blend containing Cordyceps sinensis and Inonotus obliquus. Six blood samples were collected before and after supplementation (overnight fasted state), immediately post-exercise, and at 1.5 h-, 3 h-, and 24 h-post-exercise. Results The 2.25 h cycling bout increased plasma levels of 41 of 67 oxylipins detected. BEET supplementation significantly increased plasma nitrate (NO3 -) and nitrite (NO2 -) (sum, NO3 - + NO2 -) concentrations (interaction effect, p < 0.001) and two anti-inflammatory oxylipins [18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) and 4-hydroxy-docosahexanoic acid (4-HDoHE)]. The untargeted proteomics analysis identified 616 proteins (458 across all times points), and 2-way ANOVA revealed a cluster of 45 proteins that were decreased and a cluster of 21 that were increased in the BEET versus PL trials. Functional enrichment supported significant BEET-related reductions in inflammation-related proteins including several proteins related to complement activation, the acute phase response, and immune cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Discussion Intake of a BEET-based supplement during a 2-week period was linked to higher plasma levels of NO3 - + NO2 -, elevated post-exercise levels of two anti-inflammatory oxylipins, and a significant decrease in a cluster of proteins involved in complement activation and inflammation. These data support that 2-weeks intake of nitrate from a mixed beet-based supplement moderated protein biomarkers of exercise-induced inflammation in athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Camila A. Sakaguchi
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - James C. Williams
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Fayaj A. Mulani
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Patil Shivprasad Suresh
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Ashraf M. Omar
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Qibin Zhang
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sakaguchi CA, Nieman DC, Omar AM, Strauch RC, Williams JC, Lila MA, Zhang Q. Influence of 2 Weeks of Mango Ingestion on Inflammation Resolution after Vigorous Exercise. Nutrients 2023; 16:36. [PMID: 38201866 PMCID: PMC10780698 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mangoes have a unique nutrient profile (carotenoids, polyphenols, sugars, and vitamins) that we hypothesized would mitigate post-exercise inflammation. This study examined the effects of mango ingestion on moderating exercise-induced inflammation in a randomized crossover trial with 22 cyclists. In random order with trials separated by a 2-week washout period, the cyclists ingested 330 g mango/day with 0.5 L water or 0.5 L of water alone for 2 weeks, followed by a 2.25 h cycling bout challenge. Blood and urine samples were collected pre- and post-2 weeks of supplementation, with additional blood samples collected immediately post-exercise and 1.5-h, 3-h, and 24 h post-exercise. Urine samples were analyzed for targeted mango-related metabolites. The blood samples were analyzed for 67 oxylipins, which are upstream regulators of inflammation and other physiological processes. After 2 weeks of mango ingestion, three targeted urine mango-related phenolic metabolites were significantly elevated compared to water alone (interaction effects, p ≤ 0.003). Significant post-exercise increases were measured for 49 oxylipins, but various subgroup analyses showed no differences in the pattern of change between trials (all interaction effects, p > 0.150). The 2.25 h cycling bouts induced significant inflammation, but no countermeasure effect was found after 2 weeks of mango ingestion despite the elevation of mango gut-derived phenolic metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila A. Sakaguchi
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (C.A.S.); (J.C.W.)
| | - David C. Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (C.A.S.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Ashraf M. Omar
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (A.M.O.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Renee C. Strauch
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (R.C.S.); (M.A.L.)
| | - James C. Williams
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (C.A.S.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (R.C.S.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Qibin Zhang
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (A.M.O.); (Q.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nieman DC, Sakaguchi CA, Omar AM, Davis KL, Shaffner CE, Strauch RC, Lila MA, Zhang Q. Blueberry intake elevates post-exercise anti-inflammatory oxylipins: a randomized trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11976. [PMID: 37488250 PMCID: PMC10366094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined if 18 days of supplementation with blueberries (BL) compared to placebo (PL) could mitigate muscle soreness and damage and improve inflammation resolution in untrained adults (n = 49, ages 18-50 years) after engaging in a 90-min bout of "weekend warrior" eccentric exercise. The BL freeze dried supplement provided 1 cup of fresh blueberries per day equivalent with 805 mg/day total phenolics and 280 mg/day anthocyanins. Urine levels of eight BL gut-derived phenolics increased after 14- and 18-days supplementation with 83% higher concentrations in BL vs. PL (p < 0.001). The 90-min exercise bout caused significant muscle soreness and damage during 4d of recovery and a decrease in exercise performance with no significant differences between PL and BL. Plasma oxylipins were identified (n = 76) and grouped by fatty acid substrates and enzyme systems. Linoleic acid (LA) oxylipins generated from cytochrome P450 (CYP) (9,10-, 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acids) (diHOMEs) were lower in BL vs. PL (treatment effect, p = 0.051). A compositive variable of 9 plasma hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids (HDoHEs) generated from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) and lipoxygenase (LOX) was significantly higher in BL vs. PL (treatment effect, p = 0.008). The composite variable of plasma 14-HDoHE, 17-HDoHE, and the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-derived oxylipin 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) (specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, SPM, intermediates) was significantly higher in BL vs PL (treatment effect, p = 0.014). Pearson correlations showed positive relationships between post-exercise DHA-LOX HDoHEs and SPM intermediates with urine blueberry gut-derived phenolics (r = 0.324, p = 0.023, and r = 0.349, p = 0.015, respectively). These data indicate that 18d intake of 1 cup/day blueberries compared to PL was linked to a reduction in pro-inflammatory diHOMES and sustained elevations in DHA- and EPA-derived anti-inflammatory oxylipins in response to a 90-min bout of unaccustomed exercise by untrained adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Biology Department, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
| | - Camila A Sakaguchi
- Human Performance Laboratory, Biology Department, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Ashraf M Omar
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Kierstin L Davis
- Human Performance Laboratory, Biology Department, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Cameron E Shaffner
- Human Performance Laboratory, Biology Department, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Renee C Strauch
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Qibin Zhang
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Csader S, Ismaiah MJ, Kuningas T, Heinäniemi M, Suhonen J, Männistö V, Pentikäinen H, Savonen K, Tauriainen MM, Galano JM, Lee JCY, Rintamäki R, Karisola P, El-Nezami H, Schwab U. Twelve Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training Alters Adipose Tissue Gene Expression but Not Oxylipin Levels in People with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108509. [PMID: 37239856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle modifications, including increased physical activity and exercise, are recommended for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inflamed adipose tissue (AT) contributes to the progression and development of NAFLD and oxylipins such as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE), hydroxydocosahexanenoic acids (HDHA), prostaglandins (PEG2), and isoprostanoids (IsoP), which all may play a role in AT homeostasis and inflammation. To investigate the role of exercise without weight loss on AT and plasma oxylipin concentrations in NAFLD subjects, we conducted a 12-week randomized controlled exercise intervention. Plasma samples from 39 subjects and abdominal subcutaneous AT biopsy samples from 19 subjects were collected both at the beginning and the end of the exercise intervention. In the AT of women, a significant reduction of gene expression of hemoglobin subunits (HBB, HBA1, HBA2) was observed within the intervention group during the 12-week intervention. Their expression levels were negatively associated with VO2max and maxW. In addition, pathways involved in adipocyte morphology alterations significantly increased, whereas pathways in fat metabolism, branched-chain amino acids degradation, and oxidative phosphorylation were suppressed in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, in the intervention group, the ribosome pathway was activated, but lysosome, oxidative phosphorylation, and pathways of AT modification were suppressed (p < 0.05). Most of the oxylipins (HETE, HDHA, PEG2, and IsoP) in plasma did not change during the intervention compared to the control group. 15-F2t-IsoP significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.014). However, this oxylipin could not be detected in all samples. Exercise intervention without weight loss may influence the AT morphology and fat metabolism at the gene expression level in female NAFLD subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Csader
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70200 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marsena Jasiel Ismaiah
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Tiina Kuningas
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janne Suhonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Pentikäinen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Milla-Maria Tauriainen
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70200 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F-34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Jetty Chung-Yung Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Reeta Rintamäki
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Piia Karisola
- Faculty of Medicine, Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, FI-00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70200 Kuopio, Finland
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70200 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Woo J, Zhang Q. A Streamlined High-Throughput Plasma Proteomics Platform for Clinical Proteomics with Improved Proteome Coverage, Reproducibility, and Robustness. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:754-762. [PMID: 36975161 PMCID: PMC10080683 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based clinical proteomics requires high throughput, reproducibility, robustness, and comprehensive coverage to serve the needs of clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized medicine. Oftentimes these requirements are contradictory to each other. We report the development of a streamlined High-Throughput Plasma Proteomics (sHTPP) platform for untargeted profiling of the blood plasma proteome, which includes 96-well plates and simplified procedures for sample preparation, disposable trap column for peptide loading, robust liquid chromatographic system for separation, data-independent acquisition in tandem mass spectrometry, and DIA-NN, FragPipe, and in-house peptide spectral library-based data analysis. Using the optimized platform at a throughput of 60 samples per day, over 600 protein groups including 57 FDA-approved biomarkers can be consistently identified from whole human plasma, and more than 85% of the detected proteins have 100% completeness in quantitative values across 300 samples. The balance achieved between proteome coverage, throughput, and reproducibility of this sHTPP platform makes it promising in clinical settings, where a large number of samples are to be measured quickly and reliably to support various needs of clinical medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Woo
- Center
for Translational Biomedical Research, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Qibin Zhang
- Center
for Translational Biomedical Research, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nieman DC, Davison G, Mougios V, Wentz LM. Editorial: Nutrition and exercise immunology. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1147518. [PMID: 36819698 PMCID: PMC9929574 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1147518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Nieman
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Research Campus, Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States,*Correspondence: David C. Nieman ✉
| | - Glen Davison
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sports Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Laurel M. Wentz
- Department of Nutrition and Healthcare Management, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nieman DC, Omar AM, Kay CD, Kasote DM, Sakaguchi CA, Lkhagva A, Weldemariam MM, Zhang Q. Almond intake alters the acute plasma dihydroxy-octadecenoic acid (DiHOME) response to eccentric exercise. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1042719. [PMID: 36698469 PMCID: PMC9868138 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1042719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This investigation determined if 4-weeks ingestion of nutrient-dense almonds mitigated post-exercise inflammation and muscle soreness and damage. Methods An acute 90-min of eccentric exercise (90-EE) was used to induce muscle damage in 64 non-obese adults not engaging in regular resistance training (ages 30-65 years, BMI < 30 kg/m2). Using a parallel group design, participants were randomized to almond (AL) (57 g/d) or cereal bar (CB) (calorie matched) treatment groups for a 4-week period prior to the 90-EE (17 exercises). Blood and 24-h urine samples were collected before and after supplementation, with additional blood samples collected immediately post-90-EE, and then daily during 4 additional days of recovery. Changes in plasma oxylipins, urinary gut-derived phenolics, plasma cytokines, muscle damage biomarkers, mood states, and exercise performance were assessed. Results The 90-EE protocol induced significant muscle damage, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), inflammation, reduced strength and power performance, and mood disturbance. Interaction effects (2 group × 7 time points) supported that AL vs. CB was associated with reduced post-exercise fatigue and tension (p = 0.051, 0.033, respectively) and higher levels of leg-back strength (p = 0.029). No group differences were found for post-90-EE increases in DOMS and six cytokines. AL was associated with lower levels of serum creatine kinase immediately- and 1-day post-exercise (p = 0.034 and 0.013, respectively). The 90-EE bout increased plasma levels immediately post-exercise for 13 oxylipins. Interaction effects revealed significantly higher levels for AL vs. CB for 12,13-DiHOME (p < 0.001) and lower levels for 9,10-DiHOME (p < 0.001). Urine levels increased in AL vs. CB for seven gut-derived phenolics including 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone that was inversely related to changes in plasma 9,10-DiHOME (r = -0.029, p = 0.021). Discussion These data support some positive effects of almond intake in improving mood state, retaining strength, decreasing muscle damage, increasing the generation of gut-derived phenolic metabolites, and altering the plasma oxylipin DiHOME response to unaccustomed eccentric exercise in untrained adults. The elevated post-exercise plasma levels of 12,13-DiHOME with almond intake support positive metabolic outcomes for adults engaging in unaccustomed eccentric exercise bouts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States,*Correspondence: David C. Nieman,
| | - Ashraf M. Omar
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Colin D. Kay
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Deepak M. Kasote
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Camila A. Sakaguchi
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Ankhbayar Lkhagva
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Mehari Muuz Weldemariam
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Qibin Zhang
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nieman DC, Woo J, Sakaguchi CA, Omar AM, Tang Y, Davis K, Pecorelli A, Valacchi G, Zhang Q. Astaxanthin supplementation counters exercise-induced decreases in immune-related plasma proteins. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1143385. [PMID: 37025615 PMCID: PMC10070989 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1143385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Astaxanthin is a dark red keto-carotenoid found in aquatic animals such as salmon and shrimp, and algae (Haematococcus pluvialis). Astaxanthin has a unique molecular structure that may facilitate anti-oxidative, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects during physiological stress. The primary objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of 4-week ingestion of astaxanthin in moderating exercise-induced inflammation and immune dysfunction using a multi-omics approach. Methods This study employed a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover design with two 4-week supplementation periods and a 2-week washout period. Study participants were randomized to astaxanthin and placebo trials, with supplements ingested daily for 4 weeks prior to running 2.25 h at close to 70%VO2max (including 30 min of 10% downhill running). After the washout period, participants repeated all procedures using the counterbalanced supplement. The astaxanthin capsule contained 8 mg of algae astaxanthin. Six blood samples were collected before and after supplementation (overnight fasted state), immediately post-exercise, and at 1.5, 3, and 24 h-post-exercise. Plasma aliquots were assayed using untargeted proteomics, and targeted oxylipin and cytokine panels. Results The 2.25 h running bout induced significant muscle soreness, muscle damage, and inflammation. Astaxanthin supplementation had no effect on exercise-induced muscle soreness, muscle damage, and increases in six plasma cytokines and 42 oxylipins. Notably, astaxanthin supplementation countered exercise-induced decreases in 82 plasma proteins (during 24 h recovery). Biological process analysis revealed that most of these proteins were involved in immune-related functions such as defense responses, complement activation, and humoral immune system responses. Twenty plasma immunoglobulins were identified that differed significantly between the astaxanthin and placebo trials. Plasma levels of IgM decreased significantly post-exercise but recovered after the 24 h post-exercise recovery period in the astaxanthin but not the placebo trial. Discussion These data support that 4-week astaxanthin versus placebo supplementation did not counter exercise-induced increases in plasma cytokines and oxylipins but was linked to normalization of post-exercise plasma levels of numerous immune-related proteins including immunoglobulins within 24 h. Short-term astaxanthin supplementation (8 mg/day during a 4-week period) provided immune support for runners engaging in a vigorous 2.25 h running bout and uniquely countered decreases in plasma immunoglobulin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: David C. Nieman,
| | - Jongmin Woo
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Camila A. Sakaguchi
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Ashraf M. Omar
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Yang Tang
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Kierstin Davis
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Qibin Zhang
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Eccles JA, Baldwin WS. Detoxification Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in Families 1-3 Produce Functional Oxylipins from Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Cells 2022; 12:82. [PMID: 36611876 PMCID: PMC9818454 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript reviews the CYP-mediated production of oxylipins and the current known function of these diverse set of oxylipins with emphasis on the detoxification CYPs in families 1-3. Our knowledge of oxylipin function has greatly increased over the past 3-7 years with new theories on stability and function. This includes a significant amount of new information on oxylipins produced from linoleic acid (LA) and the omega-3 PUFA-derived oxylipins such as α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the primary CYP responsible for producing specific oxylipins, and a lack of mechanistic insight for some clinical associations between outcomes and oxylipin levels. In addition, the role of CYPs in the production of oxylipins as signaling molecules for obesity, energy utilization, and development have increased greatly with potential interactions between diet, endocrinology, and pharmacology/toxicology due to nuclear receptor mediated CYP induction, CYP inhibition, and receptor interactions/crosstalk. The potential for diet-diet and diet-drug/chemical interactions is high given that these promiscuous CYPs metabolize a plethora of different endogenous and exogenous chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - William S. Baldwin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jurado-Fasoli L, Di X, Sanchez-Delgado G, Yang W, Osuna-Prieto FJ, Ortiz-Alvarez L, Krekels E, Harms AC, Hankemeier T, Schönke M, Aguilera CM, Llamas-Elvira JM, Kohler I, Rensen PCN, Ruiz JR, Martinez-Tellez B. Acute and long-term exercise differently modulate plasma levels of oxylipins, endocannabinoids, and their analogues in young sedentary adults: A sub-study and secondary analyses from the ACTIBATE randomized controlled-trial. EBioMedicine 2022; 85:104313. [PMID: 36374769 PMCID: PMC9626892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid-derived lipid mediators including oxylipins, endocannabinoids (eCBs), and their analogues, have emerged as key metabolites in the inflammatory and immune response to physiological stressors. METHODS This report was based on a sub-study and secondary analyses the ACTIBATE single-center unblinded randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02365129). The study was performed in the Sport and Health University Research Institute and the Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital of the University of Granada. Eligible participants were young, sedentary adults with no chronic diseases. Here, we performed both an acute endurance and resistance exercise sub-studies (n.ß=.ß14 and 17 respectively), and a 24-week supervised exercise intervention, combining endurance and resistance exercise training at moderate-intensity (MOD-EX) or vigorous-intensity (VIG-EX) exercise groups, in young sedentary adults. Randomization was performed by unrestricted randomization. Plasma levels of oxylipins, eCBs, and their analogues were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. FINDINGS Both endurance and resistance exercise increased by.ß+50% the plasma levels of dihomo-..-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid (AA) omega-6 derived oxylipins, as well as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid omega-3 derived after 3 and 120.ßmin of the bout of exercise (all ..2.ß....ß0.219 and P.ß..±.ß0.039). These exercise modalities also increased the levels of anandamide and eCBs analogues (+25%). 145 young sedentary adults were assigned to a control (CON, n.ß=.ß54), a MOD-EX (n.ß=.ß48) or a VIG-EX (n.ß=.ß43). 102 participants were included in the final long-term analyses (CON, n.ß=.ß36; MOD-EX, n.ß=.ß33; and VIG-EX, n.ß=.ß33) of the trial. After 24-week of supervised exercise, MOD-EX decreased plasma levels of omega-6 oxylipins, concretely linoleic acid (LA) and adrenic acid derived oxylipins, and the eCBs analogues OEA and LEA in comparison to the CON (all P.ß..±.ß0.021). VIG-EX decreased LA-derived oxylipins and LEA compared to CON. No relevant adverse events were recorded. INTERPRETATION Endurance and resistance exercises acutely increased plasma levels of oxylipins, eCBs, and their analogues, whereas 24 weeks of exercise training decreased fasting plasma levels of omega-6 oxylipins, and eCBs analogues in young, sedentary adults. FUNDING See Acknowledgments section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Xinyu Di
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ortiz-Alvarez
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elke Krekels
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Amy C Harms
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Schönke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, ..úJos.. Mataix Verd....Ñ Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain; Instituto de Investigaci..n Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatolog.ía de la Obesidad y la Nutrici..n (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Jose M Llamas-Elvira
- Instituto de Investigaci..n Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigaci..n Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences and SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almer.ía, Almer.ía, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Park Y, Watkins BA. Dietary PUFAs and Exercise Dynamic Actions on Endocannabinoids in Brain: Consequences for Neural Plasticity and Neuroinflammation. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1989-2001. [PMID: 35675221 PMCID: PMC9526838 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain and peripheral nervous system provide oversight to muscle physiology and metabolism. Muscle is the largest organ in the body and critical for glucose sensitivity, prevention of diabetes, and control of obesity. The central nervous system produces endocannabinoids (eCBs) that play a role in brain neurobiology, such as inflammation and pain. Interestingly, studies in humans and rodents show that a moderate duration of exercise increases eCBs in the brain and blood and influences cannabinoid receptors. Cannabinoid actions in the nervous system have advanced our understanding of pain, well-being, and disease. Nutrition is an important aspect of brain and eCB physiology because eCBs are biosynthesized from PUFAs. The primary eCB metabolites are derived from arachidonic acid, a 20:4n-6 (ω-6) PUFA, and the n-3 (ω-3) PUFAs, EPA and DHA. The eCBs bind to cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 to exert a wide range of activities, such as stimulating appetite, influencing energy metabolism, supporting the immune system, and facilitating neuroplasticity. A diet containing different essential n-6 and n-3 PUFAs will dominate the formation of specific eCBs, and subsequently their actions as ligands for CB1 and CB2. The eCBs also function as substrates for cyclooxygenase enzymes, including potential substrates for the oxylipins (OxLs), which can be proinflammatory. Together, the eCBs and OxLs act as modulators of neuroinflammation. Thus, dietary PUFAs have implications for exercise responses via synthesis of eCBs and their effects on neuroinflammation. Neurotrophins also participate in interactions between diet and the eCBs, specifically brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF supports neuroplasticity in cooperation with the endocannabinoid system (ECS). This review will describe the role of PUFAs in eCB biosynthesis, discuss the ECS and OxLs in neuroinflammation, highlight the evidence for exercise effects on eCBs, and describe eCB and BDNF actions on neuroplasticity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Effect of Different Exercise Training Modalities on Fasting Levels of Oxylipins and Endocannabinoids in Middle-Aged Sedentary Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2022; 32:275-284. [PMID: 35339112 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different exercise training programs on fasting plasma levels of oxylipins, endocannabinoids (eCBs), and eCBs-like molecules in middle-aged sedentary adults. A 12-week randomized controlled trial was conducted using a parallel group design. Sixty-five middle-aged adults (40-65 years old) were randomly assigned to: (a) no exercise (control group), (b) concurrent training based on international physical activity recommendations (PAR group), (c) high-intensity interval training (HIIT group), and (d) HIIT together with whole-body electromyostimulation (HIIT + EMS group). Plasma levels of oxylipins, eCBs, and eCBs-like molecules were determined in plasma samples before and after the intervention using targeted lipidomics. Body composition was assessed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and dietary intake through a food frequency questionnaire and three nonconsecutive 24-hr recalls. The physical activity recommendations, HIIT, and HIIT-EMS groups showed decreased plasma levels of omega-6 and omega-3-derived oxylipins, and eCBs and eCBs-like molecules after 12 weeks (all Δ ≤ -0.12; all p < .05). Importantly, after Bonferroni post hoc corrections, the differences in plasma levels of omega-6 and omega-3 oxylipins were not statistically significant compared with the control group (all p > .05). However, after post hoc corrections, plasma levels of anandamide and oleoylethanolamide were increased in the physical activity recommendations group compared with the control group (anandamide: Δ = 0.05 vs. -0.09; oleoylethanolamide: Δ = -0.12 vs. 0.013, all p ≤ .049). In conclusion, this study reports that a 12-week exercise training intervention, independent of the modality applied, does not modify fasting plasma levels of omega-6 and omega-3 oxylipins, eCBs, and eCBs-like molecules in middle-aged sedentary adults.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tuomisto K, Palmu J, Long T, Watrous JD, Mercader K, Lagerborg KA, Andres A, Salmi M, Jalkanen S, Vasan RS, Inouye M, Havulinna AS, Tuomilehto J, Jousilahti P, Niiranen TJ, Cheng S, Jain M, Salomaa V. A plasma metabolite score of three eicosanoids predicts incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in three independent cohorts. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:10/2/e002519. [PMID: 35361620 PMCID: PMC8971778 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peptide markers of inflammation have been associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. The role of upstream, lipid-derived mediators of inflammation such as eicosanoids, remains less clear. The aim of this study was to examine whether eicosanoids are associated with incident type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODS In the FINRISK (Finnish Cardiovascular Risk Study) 2002 study, a population-based sample of Finnish men and women aged 25-74 years, we used directed, non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify 545 eicosanoids and related oxylipins in the participants' plasma samples (n=8292). We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression to examine associations between eicosanoids and incident type 2 diabetes. The significant independent findings were replicated in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS, n=2886) and DIetary, Lifestyle and Genetic determinants of Obesity and Metabolic syndrome (DILGOM) 2007 (n=3905). Together, these three cohorts had 1070 cases of incident type 2 diabetes. RESULTS In the FINRISK 2002 cohort, 76 eicosanoids were associated individually with incident type 2 diabetes. We identified three eicosanoids independently associated with incident type 2 diabetes using stepwise Cox regression with forward selection and a Bonferroni-corrected inclusion threshold. A three-eicosanoid risk score produced an HR of 1.56 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.72) per 1 SD increment for risk of incident diabetes. The HR for comparing the top quartile with the lowest was 2.80 (95% CI 2.53 to 3.07). In the replication analyses, the three-eicosanoid risk score was significant in FHS (HR 1.24 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.39, p<0.001)) and directionally consistent in DILGOM (HR 1.12 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.27, p=0.07)). Meta-analysis of the three cohorts yielded a pooled HR of 1.31 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.56). CONCLUSIONS Plasma eicosanoid profiles predict incident type 2 diabetes and the clearest signals replicate in three independent cohorts. Our findings give new information on the biology underlying type 2 diabetes and suggest opportunities for early identification of people at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Tuomisto
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joonatan Palmu
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tao Long
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jeramie D Watrous
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kysha Mercader
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kim A Lagerborg
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Allen Andres
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marko Salmi
- MediCity, InFLAMES Flagship, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity, InFLAMES Flagship, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu J Niiranen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Susan Cheng
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nieman DC. Multiomics Approach to Precision Sports Nutrition: Limits, Challenges, and Possibilities. Front Nutr 2022; 8:796360. [PMID: 34970584 PMCID: PMC8712338 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.796360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most sports nutrition guidelines are based on group average responses and professional opinion. Precision nutrition for athletes aims to improve the individualization of nutrition practices to optimize long-term performance and health. This is a 2-step process that first involves the acquisition of individual-specific, science-based information using a variety of sources including lifestyle and medical histories, dietary assessment, physiological assessments from the performance lab and wearable sensors, and multiomics data from blood, urine, saliva, and stool samples. The second step consists of the delivery of science-based nutrition advice, behavior change support, and the monitoring of health and performance efficacy and benefits relative to cost. Individuals vary widely in the way they respond to exercise and nutritional interventions, and understanding why this metabolic heterogeneity exists is critical for further advances in precision nutrition. Another major challenge is the development of evidence-based individualized nutrition recommendations that are embraced and efficacious for athletes seeking the most effective enhancement of performance, metabolic recovery, and health. At this time precision sports nutrition is an emerging discipline that will require continued technological and scientific advances before this approach becomes accurate and practical for athletes and fitness enthusiasts at the small group or individual level. The costs and scientific challenges appear formidable, but what is already being achieved today in precision nutrition through multiomics and sensor technology seemed impossible just two decades ago.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- North Carolina Research Campus, Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao T, Wang Y, Guo X, Li H, Jiang W, Xiao Y, Deng B, Sun Y. Altered oxylipin levels in human vitreous indicate imbalance in pro-/anti-inflammatory homeostasis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2021; 214:108799. [PMID: 34687725 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is an advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR), characterized by retinal neovascularization. It is a progressive fundus disease and a severe complication of diabetes that causes vision impairment. Hyperglycemia-induced persistent low-grade inflammation is a crucial factor underlying the pathogenesis of DR-associated damage and contributing to the progression of PDR. Highly enriched polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the retina are precursors to oxidized metabolites, namely, oxylipins, which exert pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory (resolving) effects under different pathological conditions and have been implicated in diabetes. To evaluate differences in oxylipin levels in the vitreous obtained from PDR and non-diabetic subjects, we performed a targeted assessment of oxylipins. A total of 41 patients with PDR and 22 non-diabetic control subjects were enrolled in this study. Vitreous humor obtained during routinely scheduled vitrectomy underwent a targeted but unbiased screening for oxylipins using mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. We found 21 oxylipins showing statistically significant differences in their levels between PDR and non-diabetic subjects (p < 0.05). Lipoxygenase (LOX)- and cytochrome P450 (CYP)- derived oxylipins were the most affected, while cyclooxygenase (COX) oxylipins were affected to a lesser extent. When categorized by their precursor PUFAs, ±19,20-EpDPE, a CYP product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 12S-HETE, a LOX product of arachidonic acid (ARA), were increased by the largest magnitude. Moreover, of these 21 oxylipins, 7 were considered as potential biomarkers for discriminating PDR patients from the non-diabetic controls. Our results indicate that altered oxylipin levels in the vitreous implicate an underlying imbalanced inflammation-resolution homeostasis in PDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tantai Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojian Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenmin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yangyan Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Devrim-Lanpir A, İlktaç HY, Wirnitzer K, Hill L, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Vegan vs. omnivore diets paradox: A whole-metagenomic approach for defining metabolic networks during the race in ultra-marathoners- a before and after study design. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255952. [PMID: 34555041 PMCID: PMC8459986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of vegan diets on metabolic processes in the body is still controversial in ultra endurance athletes. The study aims to determine gut microbiome adaptation to extreme exercise according to vegan or omnivore diet consumed in ultra-marathoners. We also seek to evaluate long-term vegan diets' effects on redox homeostasis, and muscle fatigue, and assess energy availability. METHODS Seventy participants will be assigned to the study, including 35 vegan ultra-marathoners and 35 omnivores competing in the Sri-Chinmoy ultra marathon race. Research data will be collected from the participants at four steps (three visits to the research laboratory and the race day) throughout the study. At the first visit (seven days before the race), fecal samples, and anthropometric measurements will be collected. Body composition will be measured using DXA. Participants will be informed about keeping detailed food records and will be asked to record their diet data and activity logs during the entire study period. At second visit, maximum oxygen consumption will be measured on treadmill. On race day, blood samples will be collected immediately before, and 0. min, 2 hours, and 24 hours after the race. Body weight will be measured before and after the race. The blood and fecal samples will be stored at -80 C until analysis. Plasma malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen metabolites, total antioxidant capacity, Heatshockprotein-70, and serum Orosomucoid-1 will be analyzed in blood samples. Fecal samples will be analyzed with shotgun metagenomic analysis and interpreted using bioinformatics pipeline (HumanN2). Statistical tests will be analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 and R Software. DISCUSSION Study findings will determine the effects of the vegan diet on sports performance, revealing the multiple interactions between host and gut microbiome at the whole metagenomic level. Additionally, results will show the possible adaptation throughout the race by analyzing blood and fecal samples. Furthermore, by assessing energy availability and determining host-metabolite crosstalk for ultra-endurance athletes, possible nutritional deficiencies can be identified. Thus, advanced nutritional strategies can be developed based on metabolic needs. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current controlled trials, ISRCTN registry 69541705. Registered on 8 December 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Devrim-Lanpir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havvanur Yoldaş İlktaç
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Katharina Wirnitzer
- Department of Subject Didactics and Educational Research and Development, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Centre Medical Humanities, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Life and Health Science Cluster Tyrol, Subcluster Health/Medicine/Psychology, Tyrolean University Conference, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lee Hill
- Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Markworth JF, Sugg KB, Sarver DC, Maddipati KR, Brooks SV. Local shifts in inflammatory and resolving lipid mediators in response to tendon overuse. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21655. [PMID: 34042218 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100078r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tendon inflammation has been implicated in both adaptive connective tissue remodeling and overuse-induced tendinopathy. Lipid mediators control both the initiation and resolution of inflammation, but their roles within tendon are largely unknown. Here, we profiled local shifts in intratendinous lipid mediators via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in response to synergist ablation-induced plantaris tendon overuse. Sixty-four individual lipid mediators were detected in homogenates of plantaris tendons from ambulatory control rats. This included many bioactive metabolites of the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and epoxygenase (CYP) pathways. Synergist ablation induced a robust inflammatory response at day 3 post-surgery characterized by epitenon infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes/macrophages (MΦ), heightened expression of inflammation-related genes, and increased intratendinous concentrations of the pro-inflammatory eicosanoids thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2 . By day 7, MΦ became the predominant myeloid cell type in tendon and there were further delayed increases in other COX metabolites including prostaglandins D2 , F2α , and I2 . Specialized pro-resolving mediators including protectin D1, resolvin D2 and D6, as well as related pathway markers of D-resolvins (17-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid), E-resolvins (18-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid), and lipoxins (15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid) were also increased locally in response to tendon overuse, as were anti-inflammatory fatty acid epoxides of the CYP pathway (eg, epoxy-eicosatrienoic acids). Nevertheless, intratendinous prostaglandins remained markedly increased even following 28 days of tendon overuse together with a lingering MΦ presence. These data reveal a delayed and prolonged local inflammatory response to tendon overuse characterized by an overwhelming predominance of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and a relative lack of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James F Markworth
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristoffer B Sugg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dylan C Sarver
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Lipidomics Core Facility, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bassaganya-Riera J, Berry EM, Blaak EE, Burlingame B, le Coutre J, van Eden W, El-Sohemy A, German JB, Knorr D, Lacroix C, Muscaritoli M, Nieman DC, Rychlik M, Scholey A, Serafini M. Goals in Nutrition Science 2020-2025. Front Nutr 2021; 7:606378. [PMID: 33665201 PMCID: PMC7923694 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.606378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Five years ago, with the editorial board of Frontiers in Nutrition, we took a leap of faith to outline the Goals for Nutrition Science - the way we see it (1). Now, in 2020, we can put ourselves to the test and take a look back. Without a doubt we got it right with several of the key directions. To name a few, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Food and Nutrition are part of the global public agenda, and the SDGs contribute to the structuring of international science and research. Nutritional Science has become a critical element in strengthening work on the SDGs, and the development of appropriate methodologies is built on the groundwork of acquiring and analyzing big datasets. Investigation of the Human Microbiome is providing novel insight on the interrelationship between nutrition, the immune system and disease. Finally, with an advanced definition of the gut-brain-axis we are getting a glimpse into the potential for Nutrition and Brain Health. Various milestones have been achieved, and any look into the future will have to consider the lessons learned from Covid-19 and the sobering awareness about the frailty of our food systems in ensuring global food security. With a view into the coming 5 years from 2020 to 2025, the editorial board has taken a slightly different approach as compared to the previous Goals article. A mind map has been created to outline the key topics in nutrition science. Not surprisingly, when looking ahead, the majority of scientific investigation required will be in the areas of health and sustainability. Johannes le Coutre, Field Chief Editor, Frontiers in Nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory (NIMML) Institute, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Elliot M Berry
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes le Coutre
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Willem van Eden
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dietrich Knorr
- Institute of Food Technology and Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - David C Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Technical University of Munich, Analytical Food Chemistry, Freising, Germany
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Functional Food and Metabolic Stress Prevention Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Endocannabinoids and aging-Inflammation, neuroplasticity, mood and pain. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 115:129-172. [PMID: 33706946 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with changes in hormones, slowing of metabolism, diminished physiological processes, chronic inflammation and high exposure to oxidative stress factors, generally described as the biological cost of living. Lifestyle interventions of diet and exercise can improve the quality of life during aging and lower diet-related chronic disease. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has important effects on systemic metabolism and physiological systems, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. Exercise can reduce the loss of muscle mass and improve strength, and increase the levels of endocannabinoids (eCB) in brain and blood. Although the ECS exerts controls on multiple systems throughout life it affords benefits to natural aging. The eCB are synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the primary ones are produced from arachidonic acid (n-6 PUFA) and others from the n-3 PUFA, namely eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. The eCB ligands bind to their receptors, CB1 and CB2, with effects on appetite stimulation, metabolism, immune functions, and brain physiology and neuroplasticity. Dietary families of PUFA are a primary factor that can influence the types and levels of eCB and as a consequence, the downstream actions when the ligands bind to their receptors. Furthermore, the association of eCB with the synthesis of oxylipins (OxL) is a connection between the physiological actions of eCB and the lipid derived immunological OxL mediators of inflammation. OxL are ubiquitous and influence neuroinflammation and inflammatory processes. The emerging actions of eCB on neuroplasticity, well-being and pain are important to aging. Herein, we present information about the ECS and its components, how exercise and diet affects specific eCB, their role in neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, pain, mood, and relationship to OxL. Poor nutrition status and low nutrient intakes observed with many elderly are reasons to examine the role of dietary PUFA actions on the ECS to improve health.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sarma PP, Gurumayum N, Verma AK, Devi R. A pharmacological perspective of banana: implications relating to therapeutic benefits and molecular docking. Food Funct 2021; 12:4749-4767. [PMID: 33960338 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00477h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Banana is one of the most nutritious fruits, as it is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, and minerals. Banana has been used in traditional medicines for managing coughs and colds, ulcers, burns, and diarrhea. Banana contains various bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, with reported therapeutic benefits, including antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activities. The present review focuses on a comprehensive overview of the nutritional and biological properties and phytochemicals of different species of banana and its different parts. Although detailed characterization of the compounds that are present in many parts of the plant has been carried out, chemical profiling of the seed, pseudostem, and leaves of banana is lacking and requires further exploration. Moreover, the functions of the reported compounds were elucidated using computational tools, supporting their potential role in managing life-threatening diseases and physiological complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Partha Pratim Sarma
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-781035, Assam, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nonibala Gurumayum
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-781035, Assam, India.
| | - Akalesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology, Cell & Biochemical Technology Laboratory, Cotton University, Guwahati-781001, Assam, India.
| | - Rajlakshmi Devi
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-781035, Assam, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Exercise-Induced Changes in Bioactive Lipids Might Serve as Potential Predictors of Post-Exercise Hypotension. A Pilot Study in Healthy Volunteers. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092111. [PMID: 32948055 PMCID: PMC7563406 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) is the phenomenon of lowered blood pressure after a single bout of exercise. Only a fraction of people develops PEH but its occurrence correlates well with long-term effects of sports on blood pressure. Therefore, PEH has been suggested as a suitable predictor for the effectivity of exercise as therapy in hypertension. Local vascular bioactive lipids might play a potential role in this context. We performed a cross-over clinical pilot study with 18 healthy volunteers to investigate the occurrence of PEH after a single short-term endurance exercise. Furthermore, we investigated the plasma lipid profile with focus on arachidonic acid (AA)-derived metabolites as potential biomarkers of PEH. A single bout of ergometer cycling induced a significant PEH in healthy volunteers with the expected high inter-individual variability. Targeted lipid spectrum analysis revealed significant upregulation of several lipids in the direct post-exercise phase. Among these changes, only 15- hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid (HETE) correlated significantly with the extent of PEH but in an AA-independent manner, suggesting that 15-HETE might act as specific PEH-marker. Our data indicate that specific lipid modulation might facilitate the identification of patients who will benefit from exercise activity in hypertension therapy. However, larger trials including hypertonic patients are necessary to verify the clinical value of this hypothesis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Grapov D, Fiehn O, Campbell C, Chandler CJ, Burnett DJ, Souza EC, Casazza GA, Keim NL, Hunter GR, Fernandez JR, Garvey WT, Hoppel CL, Harper M, Newman JW, Adams SH. Impact of a weight loss and fitness intervention on exercise-associated plasma oxylipin patterns in obese, insulin-resistant, sedentary women. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14547. [PMID: 32869956 PMCID: PMC7460071 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Very little is known about how metabolic health status, insulin resistance or metabolic challenges modulate the endocannabinoid (eCB) or polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived oxylipin (OxL) lipid classes. To address these questions, plasma eCB and OxL concentrations were determined at rest, 10 and 20 min during an acute exercise bout (30 min total, ~45% of preintervention V̇O2peak , ~63 W), and following 20 min recovery in overnight-fasted sedentary, obese, insulin-resistant women under controlled diet conditions. We hypothesized that increased fitness and insulin sensitivity following a ~14-week training and weight loss intervention would lead to significant changes in lipid signatures using an identical acute exercise protocol to preintervention. In the first 10 min of exercise, concentrations of a suite of OxL diols and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) metabolites dropped significantly. There was no increase in 12,13-DiHOME, previously reported to increase with exercise and proposed to activate muscle fatty acid uptake and tissue metabolism. Following weight loss intervention, exercise-associated reductions were more pronounced for several linoleate and alpha-linolenate metabolites including DiHOMEs, DiHODEs, KODEs, and EpODEs, and fasting concentrations of 9,10-DiHODE, 12,13-DiHODE, and 9,10-DiHOME were reduced. These findings suggest that improved metabolic health modifies soluble epoxide hydrolase, cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP), and lipoxygenase (LOX) systems. Acute exercise led to reductions for most eCB metabolites, with no evidence for concentration increases even at recovery. It is proposed that during submaximal aerobic exercise, nonoxidative fates of long-chain saturated, monounsaturated, and PUFAs are attenuated in tissues that are important contributors to the blood OxL and eCB pools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Caitlin Campbell
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
| | - Carol J. Chandler
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
| | - Dustin J. Burnett
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
| | - Elaine C. Souza
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
| | | | - Nancy L. Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
- Department of NutritionUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Gary R. Hunter
- Department of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of AlabamaBirminghamALUSA
- Human Studies DepartmentUniversity of AlabamaBirminghamALUSA
| | - Jose R. Fernandez
- Department of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of AlabamaBirminghamALUSA
| | - W. Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of AlabamaBirminghamALUSA
| | - Charles L. Hoppel
- Pharmacology DepartmentCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Mary‐Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Ottawa Institute of Systems BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - John W. Newman
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
- Department of NutritionUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition CenterLittle RockARUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nieman DC, Pence BD. Exercise immunology: Future directions. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:432-445. [PMID: 32928447 PMCID: PMC7498623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Several decades of research in the area of exercise immunology have shown that the immune system is highly responsive to acute and chronic exercise training. Moderate exercise bouts enhance immunosurveillance and when repeated over time mediate multiple health benefits. Most of the studies prior to 2010 relied on a few targeted outcomes related to immune function. During the past decade, technologic advances have created opportunities for a multi-omics and systems biology approach to exercise immunology. This article provides an overview of metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics as they pertain to exercise immunology, with a focus on immunometabolism. This review also summarizes how the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota can be influenced by exercise, with applications to human health and immunity. Exercise-induced improvements in immune function may play a critical role in countering immunosenescence and the development of chronic diseases, and emerging omics technologies will more clearly define the underlying mechanisms. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding a multi-omics approach to exercise immunology and provides future directions for investigators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Brandt D Pence
- School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nieman DC, Gillitt ND, Chen GY, Zhang Q, Sha W, Kay CD, Chandra P, Kay KL, Lila MA. Blueberry and/or Banana Consumption Mitigate Arachidonic, Cytochrome P450 Oxylipin Generation During Recovery From 75-Km Cycling: A Randomized Trial. Front Nutr 2020; 7:121. [PMID: 32850939 PMCID: PMC7426440 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are bioactive lipid oxidation products, have vital regulatory roles in numerous physiological processes including inflammation, and can be impacted by diet. This study determined if 2-weeks of blueberry and/or acute banana ingestion influenced generation of n-6 and n-3 PUFA-derived oxylipins during recovery from exercise-induced physiological stress. Cyclists (n = 59, 39 ± 2 years of age) were randomized to freeze-dried blueberry or placebo groups, and ingested 26 grams/d (1 cup/d blueberries equivalent) for 2 weeks. Cyclists reported to the lab in an overnight fasted state and engaged in a 75-km cycling time trial (185.5 ± 5.2 min). Cyclists from each group (blueberry, placebo) were further randomized to ingestion of a water-only control or water with a carbohydrate source (Cavendish bananas, 0.2 g/kg carbohydrate every 15 min) during exercise. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-2-weeks blueberry supplementation, and 0, 1.5, 3, 5, 24, and 48 h-post-exercise. Plasma oxylipins and blueberry and banana metabolites were measured with UPLC–tandem MS/MS. Significant time by treatment effects (eight time points, four groups) were found for 24 blueberry- and seven banana-derived phenolic metabolites in plasma (FDR adjusted p < 0.05). Significant post-exercise increases were observed for 64 of 67 identified plasma oxylipins. When oxylipins were grouped relative to fatty acid substrate [arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA)], and enzyme systems [cytochrome P450 (CYP), lipoxygenase (LOX)], banana and blueberry ingestion were independently associated with significant post-exercise reductions in pro-inflammatory ARA-CYP hydroxy- and dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs, DiHETrEs) (treatment effects, FDR adjusted p < 0.05). These trial differences were especially apparent within the first 3 h of recovery. In summary, heavy exertion evoked a transient but robust increase in plasma levels of oxylipins in cyclists, with a strong attenuation effect linked to both chronic blueberry and acute banana intake on pro-inflammatory ARA-CYP oxylipins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | | | - Guan-Yuan Chen
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Qibin Zhang
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Services Division, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Colin D Kay
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Preeti Chandra
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Kristine L Kay
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Signini ÉF, Nieman DC, Silva CD, Sakaguchi CA, Catai AM. Oxylipin Response to Acute and Chronic Exercise: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2020; 10:E264. [PMID: 32630487 PMCID: PMC7345129 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are oxidized compounds of polyunsaturated fatty acids that play important roles in the body. Recently, metabololipidomic-based studies using advanced mass spectrometry have measured the oxylipins generated during acute and chronic physical exercise and described the related physiological effects. The objective of this systematic review was to provide a panel of the primary exercise-related oxylipins and their respective functions in healthy individuals. Searches were performed in five databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science) using combinations of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms: "Humans", "Exercise", "Physical Activity", "Sports", "Oxylipins", and "Lipid Mediators". An adapted scoring system created in a previous study from our group was used to rate the quality of the studies. Nine studies were included after examining 1749 documents. Seven studies focused on the acute effect of physical exercise while two studies determined the effects of exercise training on the oxylipin profile. Numerous oxylipins are mobilized during intensive and prolonged exercise, with most related to the inflammatory process, immune function, tissue repair, cardiovascular and renal functions, and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Étore F. Signini
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (C.D.S.); (C.A.S.); (A.M.C.)
| | - David C. Nieman
- North Carolina Research Campus, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
| | - Claudio D. Silva
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (C.D.S.); (C.A.S.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Camila A. Sakaguchi
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (C.D.S.); (C.A.S.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Aparecida M. Catai
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (C.D.S.); (C.A.S.); (A.M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|