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Liu Q, Lei S, Zhao M, Li M, Cong Y, Fang K, Gao X, Zhang L, Zhu C, Zheng L, Liu J. Potential to reduce methane production of using cultivated seaweeds supplementation to reshape the community structure of rumen microorganisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119458. [PMID: 38925466 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Methane is a short-lived greenhouse gas but has a far greater warming effect than carbon dioxide. At the same time, the livestock sector serves as a large contributor to global emissions of anthropogenic methane. Herein, this work aimed to use cultivated seaweed supplementation to reduce methane emissions and investigate the potential influencing mechanism. To evaluate the feasibility, two cultivated seaweeds, Laminaria japonica Aresch, and Porphyra tenera, along with the enzymatic hydrolysates derived from L. japonica, underwent in vitro trials, and they were both added into corn silage feed (CSF) with different concentrations (1%, 5%, and 10% of CSF) for methane reduction evaluation. The results indicated that >75% and 50% reductions in methane production were observed for the seaweeds and seaweed enzymatic hydrolysates in 9- and 30-day, respectively. Combined high-throughput sequencing and multivariate analysis revealed that supplementation with seaweed and seaweed enzymatic hydrolysates had a notable impact on the prokaryotic community structure. Mantel tests further revealed that significant correlations between the prokaryotic community and methane accumulation (P < 0.05), implying the prokaryotic community plays a role in reducing methane emissions within the rumen. Correspondingly, the networks within the prokaryotic community unveiled the crucial role of propionate/butyrate-producing bacteria in regulating methane emissions through microbial interactions. The predicted function of the prokaryotic community exhibited a significant reduction in the presence of the narB gene in seaweed-supplemented treatments. This reduction may facilitate an increased rate of electron flow toward the nitrate reduction pathway while decreasing the conversion of H2 to methane. These results indicated the supplementation of cultivated seaweeds and the enzymatic hydrolysates has the potential to reshape the community structure of rumen microbial communities, and this alteration appears to be a key factor contributing to their methane production-reduction capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266003, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Ocean Carbon Sequestration and Negative Emission Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shize Lei
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266003, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Ocean Carbon Sequestration and Negative Emission Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingbo Zhao
- Institute of Blue Economic Research in Weihai Co., Ltd., Weihai, 264400, China
| | - Mingtan Li
- Weihai Shidai Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Weihai, 264400, China
| | - Yongping Cong
- Institute of Blue Economic Research in Weihai Co., Ltd., Weihai, 264400, China
| | - Kaili Fang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266003, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Ocean Carbon Sequestration and Negative Emission Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - XuXu Gao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266003, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Ocean Carbon Sequestration and Negative Emission Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lianbao Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266003, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Ocean Carbon Sequestration and Negative Emission Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenba Zhu
- Carbon Neutral Innovation Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Global Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions (ONCE) Program Alliance, China
| | - Liwen Zheng
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266003, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Ocean Carbon Sequestration and Negative Emission Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266003, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Ocean Carbon Sequestration and Negative Emission Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Global Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions (ONCE) Program Alliance, China.
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Aryee R, Mohammed NS, Dey S, Arunraj B, Nadendla S, Sajeevan KA, Beck MR, Nathan Frazier A, Koziel JA, Mansell TJ, Chowdhury R. Exploring putative enteric methanogenesis inhibitors using molecular simulations and a graph neural network. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.16.613350. [PMID: 39345548 PMCID: PMC11429904 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.16.613350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric methane (CH4) acts as a key contributor to global warming. As CH4 is a short-lived climate forcer (12 years atmospheric lifespan), its mitigation represents the most promising means to address climate change in the short term. Enteric CH4 (the biosynthesized CH4 from the rumen of ruminants) represents 5.1% of total global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, 23% of emissions from agriculture, and 27.2% of global CH4 emissions. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate methanogenesis inhibitors and their underlying modes of action. We hereby elucidate the detailed biophysical and thermodynamic interplay between anti-methanogenic molecules and cofactor F430 of methyl coenzyme M reductase and interpret the stoichiometric ratios and binding affinities of sixteen inhibitor molecules. We leverage this as prior in a graph neural network to first functionally cluster these sixteen known inhibitors among ~54,000 bovine metabolites. We subsequently demonstrate a protocol to identify precursors to and putative inhibitors for methanogenesis, based on Tanimoto chemical similarity and membrane permeability predictions. This work lays the foundation for computational and de novo design of inhibitor molecules that retain/ reject one or more biochemical properties of known inhibitors discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Aryee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- The Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Noor S. Mohammed
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- The Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Supantha Dey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - B. Arunraj
- The Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Maseeh Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Swathi Nadendla
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Karuna Anna Sajeevan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- The Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Matthew R. Beck
- USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Texas, USA
| | - A. Nathan Frazier
- USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Texas, USA
| | - Jacek A. Koziel
- USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas J. Mansell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- The Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Ratul Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- The Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Xiong C, Petursdottir AH, Rikhardsson G, Stergiadis S, Raab A, Feldmann J. Speciation of arsenic in milk from cows fed seaweed. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:6957-6965. [PMID: 38597303 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Including seaweed in cattle feed has gained increased interest, but it is important to take into account that the concentration of toxic metals, especially arsenic, is high in seaweed. This study investigated the arsenic species in milk from seaweed-fed cows. RESULTS Total arsenic in milk of control diets (9.3 ± 1.0 μg As kg-1, n = 4, dry mass) was significantly higher than seaweed-based diet (high-seaweed diet: 7.8 ± 0.4 μg As kg-1, P < 0.05, n = 4, dry mass; low-seaweed diet: 6.2 ± 1.0 μg As kg-1, P < 0.01, n = 4, dry mass). Arsenic speciation showed that the main species present were arsenobetaine (AB) and arsenate (As(V)) (37% and 24% of the total arsenic, respectively). Trace amounts of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and arsenocholine (AC) have also been detected in milk. Apart from arsenate being significantly lower (P < 0.001) in milk from seaweed-fed cows than in milk from the control group, other arsenic species showed no significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION The lower total arsenic and arsenate in seaweed diet groups indicates a possible competition of uptake between arsenate and phosphate, and the presence of AC indicates that a reduction of AB occurred in the digestive tract. Feeding a seaweed blend (91% Ascophyllum nodosum and 9% Laminaria digitata) does not raise As-related safety concerns for milk. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Xiong
- Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Raab
- Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jörg Feldmann
- Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Harahap MA, Widodo S, Handayani UF, Altandjung RI, Wulandari, Sakti AA, Atmoko BA, Negara W, Dewi YL, Julendra H, Sofyan A, Wahyono T, Ujilestari T, Ahmed B, Qomariyah N, Sholikin MM, Baihaqi ZA. Examining performance, milk, and meat in ruminants fed with macroalgae and microalgae: A meta-analysis perspective. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:243. [PMID: 39172278 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
This meta-analysis consolidates various related studies to identify patterns in the impact of feeding algae on performance aspects, including milk fat, milk protein, and carcass yield in several ruminant species, such as cattle, sheep, and goats. The data were collected from 67 articles that examined factors such as the type of algae (macro- and microalgae), algal species, and animal breed. Barki sheep, Moghani sheep, and Zaraibi goats demonstrated an increased average daily gain (P < 0.05) when fed with both macro- and microalgae. Conversely, sheep such as Canadian Arcott and Ile-de-France showed adverse effects on the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). Elevated FCR values were observed across castrated and young animals (P < 0.05). Algae extract notably increased the hot carcass weight (P < 0.001), particularly among Moghani sheep (P < 0.001). Raw algae significantly reduced the milk fat content (P < 0.001), particularly in cattle and sheep (P < 0.001). A decrease in milk fat was particularly noticeable in lactating females of Assaf sheep, Damascus goats, and Holstein cows (P < 0.001). Overall, algae inclusion tended to decrease the milk protein content (P < 0.05), leading to reduced milk production (P < 0.001) with cumulative algae feeding in Assaf sheep. However, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; C18:2 c9,t11-CLA and C18:2 c12,t10-CLA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) mostly increased in meat and milk from Holstein cow, Assaf sheep, Dorset sheep, and Ile-de-France sheep (P < 0.01). This meta-analysis highlights the necessity for additional research aimed at optimizing the sustainable use of algae in feed for ruminants, despite the demonstrated improvements in performance and the levels of CLA and DHA found in meat and milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ainsyar Harahap
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Slamet Widodo
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Ulvi Fitri Handayani
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | | | - Wulandari
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Awistaros Angger Sakti
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Bayu Andri Atmoko
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Windu Negara
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Yelsi Listiana Dewi
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Hardi Julendra
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Sofyan
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Tegoh Wahyono
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gunungkidul, 55861, Indonesia
| | - Tri Ujilestari
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gunungkidul, 55861, Indonesia
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- Undergraduate Student from Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Novia Qomariyah
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Zein Ahmad Baihaqi
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia.
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Altman A, Vanzant E, Davis S, Harmon D, McLeod KR. Effects of a Proprietary Kelp Blend Product on Enteric Methane Production and Tissue Residues in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2411. [PMID: 39199945 PMCID: PMC11350766 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were performed investigating bovine enteric methane (CH4) production inhibition using a proprietary kelp blend product (PKBP) containing a halogenated methane analog (i.e., bromoform). Calves were fed a corn-silage basal diet top-dressed with the assigned treatment, with rations provided at 1.5 × NEm in Experiments 1 and 2 (n = 12 and 6 steers, respectively) and ad libitum in Experiment 3 (n = 9 steers). In Experiment 1, we evaluated bromoform's potency in decreasing CH4. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected by treatment (p ≥ 0.11; 0 vs. 52.5 ± 10.5 ppm bromoform), whereas bromoform supplementation decreased CH4 (p < 0.01). In Experiments 2 and 3, treatments were 0, 9.5 ± 1.5, or 20 ± 3 ppm bromoform. In Experiment 2, we examined CH4 recovery following bromoform removal from the ration. Bromoform treatments were fed on d1, but not the subsequent 8 d, to investigate residual effects. On d1, CH4 was below limits of detection for 20 ppm bromoform inclusion. Across days, a cubic response (p < 0.01) was observed with 20 ppm bromoform inclusion, but not with 0 and 9.5 ppm inclusion levels. Experiment 3 (30 d finishing trial) tested bromoform effects on feeder calves. DMI (p = 0.53), average daily gain (p = 0.55), and gain:feed (p = 0.82) were not influenced by bromoform inclusion. Bromoform residues were undetectable in liver, kidney, adipose, and muscle samples collected at harvest. These experiments demonstrated that cattle fed PKBP experience short-term reductions in CH4 without tissue accumulation of bromoform and without evidence of effects on animal growth or feed consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kyle R. McLeod
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (A.A.); (E.V.); (S.D.); (D.H.)
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Sena F, Portugal AP, Dentinho MT, Costa J, Francisco A, Moradi S, Paulos K, Soares DM, Henriques D, Oliveira A, Ramos H, Bexiga R, Correia JJ, Alexandre-Pires G, Domingos T, Alves SP, Bessa RJB, Santos-Silva J. Effect of the dietary supplementation with sunflower oil-enriched bromoform from Asparagopsis taxiformis on lambs' growth, health, and ruminal methane production. Animal 2024; 18:101249. [PMID: 39096600 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis has a potent antimethanogenic effect, which has been proven both in vitro and in vivo. Vegetable oil immersions of this seaweed (hereafter Bromoil) help stabilise the bromoform (CHBr3) responsible for its antimethanogenic effect. We evaluate the effects of increasing the levels of CHBr3 in lamb diets on growth performance, methane (CH4) production, animal health and meat quality. Twenty-four Merino Branco ram lambs were fed a ground complete compound feed, supplemented with 50 mL/kg DM of sunflower oil with different CHBr3 content. The treatments were defined by the CHBr3 doses in the oil: 0 mg (control - B0), 15 mg (B15), 30 mg (B30) and 45 mg (B45) of CHBr3 per kg of feed DM. The feed was prepared daily by mixing Bromoil with the compound feed. At the end of the experiment, the lambs were sacrificed, the ruminal content was collected for in vitro fermentation to evaluate CH4 production and organic matter (OM) degradability, and the rumen mucosa was sampled for histological examination. Meat samples were collected for chemical composition and CHBr3 analysis. The half-life of CHBr3 in the air-exposed feed was 3.98 h making it very difficult to establish the practiced level of CHBr3 supplementation. Lambs-fed treatments B30 and B45 decreased DM intake by up to 28%. Average daily gain was also reduced due to CHBr3 supplementation, with B45 showing results 40% lower than B0. DM feed conversion ratio was similar for all treatments. The degradability of OM, the volume of total gas and of gas without CH4 were unaffected by the experimental treatments, evaluated by the in vitro method. However, the volume of CH4 decreased by up to 75% for treatments above 30 mg/kg DM, while the yield of CH4/g OM degraded was reduced by up to 78% with treatments above 30 mg/kg DM. Meat chemical composition was not affected by Bromoil supplementation and no traces of CHBr3 were found in meat samples. During this experiment, the animals presented normal health and behaviour. However, postslaughter examination of the rumen showed distinct lesions on the ventral region of the rumen mucosa of animals supplemented with Bromoil. These lesions were more severe in the animals receiving treatments B30 and B45. This research determined that although concentrations of CHBr3 in the diet above 30 mg/kg DM helped to reduce CH4 emissions, it negatively affected the performance and rumen wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sena
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A P Portugal
- Polo de Investigação de Santarém, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV-Santarém), 2005-048 Vale de Santarém, Portugal
| | - M T Dentinho
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Polo de Investigação de Santarém, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV-Santarém), 2005-048 Vale de Santarém, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Costa
- Polo de Investigação de Santarém, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV-Santarém), 2005-048 Vale de Santarém, Portugal
| | - A Francisco
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Polo de Investigação de Santarém, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV-Santarém), 2005-048 Vale de Santarém, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S Moradi
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - K Paulos
- Polo de Investigação de Santarém, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV-Santarém), 2005-048 Vale de Santarém, Portugal
| | - D M Soares
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Terraprima-Serviços Ambientais, Centro de Negócios do Porto Alto, Fração S, Avenida das Nações Unidas, n°97, 2135-199 Samora Correia, Portugal; MARATEC - Marine, Environment and Technology Centre, LARSyS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - D Henriques
- Polo de Investigação de Santarém, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV-Santarém), 2005-048 Vale de Santarém, Portugal
| | - A Oliveira
- seaExpert, Ltd., Travessa do Farrobim 15, 9900-361 Horta, Faial, Azores, Portugal
| | - H Ramos
- seaExpert, Ltd., Travessa do Farrobim 15, 9900-361 Horta, Faial, Azores, Portugal
| | - R Bexiga
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J J Correia
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Alexandre-Pires
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - T Domingos
- Terraprima-Serviços Ambientais, Centro de Negócios do Porto Alto, Fração S, Avenida das Nações Unidas, n°97, 2135-199 Samora Correia, Portugal; MARATEC - Marine, Environment and Technology Centre, LARSyS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S P Alves
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R J B Bessa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - J Santos-Silva
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Polo de Investigação de Santarém, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV-Santarém), 2005-048 Vale de Santarém, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Av. Da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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Colin RL, Sperber JL, Buse KK, Kononoff PJ, Watson AK, Erickson GE. Effect of an algae feed additive on reducing enteric methane emissions from cattle. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae109. [PMID: 39156964 PMCID: PMC11329799 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Alga 1.0, a product containing bromoform, was fed to cattle to evaluate its effects on methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and diet digestibility. Twelve nonlactating, nonpregnant Jersey cows (490 ± 19 kg body weight) were used in four replicated 3 × 3 Latin squares with three periods, each consisting of 21 d. Cows were blocked by feed intake (averaged intakes over 4 wk prior to trial) and assigned randomly to one of three treatments. Treatments included Alga 1.0 fed at 0, 69, and 103 g/d in a 0.454 kg/d dry matter (DM) top-dress daily in a modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS) carrier. Diet consisted of 60% dry-rolled corn, 20% corn silage, 15% modified distillers grains, and 5% supplement (DM basis). Headbox-style indirect calorimeters were utilized to evaluate gas production from individual cows with two nonconsecutive 23-h collections in each period. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with cow within square as experimental unit and as a random effect, and treatment and period as fixed effects. Linear and quadratic contrasts were used to compare treatments. Feeding Alga 1.0 linearly reduced dry matter intake (DMI, P < 0.01) by 10.1% for 69 g/d inclusion and 13.3% for 103 g/d inclusion compared to the control. Nutrient intakes decreased linearly (P < 0.01) due to lower DMI, but nutrient digestibility was not impacted (P ≥ 0.28). Inclusion of Alga 1.0 did not impact gross energy or digestible energy concentration of the diets expressed as Mcal/kg DM (P ≥ 0.22) but did linearly reduce energy intake (Mcal/d; P < 0.01). Feeding Alga 1.0 linearly reduced enteric CH4 emissions measured as g/kg DMI (P < 0.01) by 39 and 64% for 69 g/d and 103 g/d inclusion, respectively. Linear reductions (P < 0.01) of 64% to 65% were also observed in enteric CH4 emissions when expressed per kilogram of DM or organic matter digested. Respired CO2 as g/d linearly decreased (P = 0.03) for cattle fed Alga 1.0 but did not differ when expressed as g/kg of DMI (P ≥ 0.23). Oxygen consumption did not differ between treatments for g/d and g/kg DMI (P ≥ 0.19). In conclusion, feeding Alga 1.0 reduced DMI up to 13.3%, did not impact digestibility, and significantly reduced CH4 emissions up to 63%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reba L Colin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Jessica L Sperber
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Kassidy K Buse
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Paul J Kononoff
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Andrea K Watson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Galen E Erickson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
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8
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Fleming LE, Landrigan PJ, Ashford OS, Whitman EM, Swift A, Gerwick WH, Heymans JJ, Hicks CC, Morrissey K, White MP, Alcantara-Creencia L, Alexander KA, Astell-Burt T, Berlinck RGS, Cohen PJ, Hixson R, Islam MM, Iwasaki A, Praptiwi RA, Raps H, Remy JY, Sowman G, Ternon E, Thiele T, Thilsted SH, Uku J, Ockenden S, Kumar P. Enhancing Human Health and Wellbeing through Sustainably and Equitably Unlocking a Healthy Ocean's Potential. Ann Glob Health 2024; 90:41. [PMID: 39005643 PMCID: PMC11243763 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A healthy ocean is essential for human health, and yet the links between the ocean and human health are often overlooked. By providing new medicines, technologies, energy, foods, recreation, and inspiration, the ocean has the potential to enhance human health and wellbeing. However, climate change, pollution, biodiversity loss, and inequity threaten both ocean and human health. Sustainable realisation of the ocean's health benefits will require overcoming these challenges through equitable partnerships, enforcement of laws and treaties, robust monitoring, and use of metrics that assess both the ocean's natural capital and human wellbeing. Achieving this will require an explicit focus on human rights, equity, sustainability, and social justice. In addition to highlighting the potential unique role of the healthcare sector, we offer science-based recommendations to protect both ocean health and human health, and we highlight the unique potential of the healthcare sector tolead this effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora E Fleming
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health of the University of Exeter Medical School, Cornwall, UK
| | - Philip J Landrigan
- Instituto de Quimica de Sao Carlos, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ella M Whitman
- Program for Global Public Health and the Common Good, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts, USA and the Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco
| | - Amy Swift
- Ocean Program, at World Resources Institute, London, UK
| | - William H Gerwick
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, US
| | | | | | - Karyn Morrissey
- Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Lota Alcantara-Creencia
- College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Western Philippines University, Palawan, Philippines
| | - Karen A Alexander
- Marine Governance and Blue Economy at Heriot-Watt University, Orkney, UK
| | - Thomas Astell-Burt
- School of Architecture, Design and Planning, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Quimica de Sao Carlos, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Philippa J Cohen
- Small-Scale Fisheries Research Program World Fish, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Richard Hixson
- Critical Care, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, Darlington, UK
| | - Mohammad Mahmudul Islam
- Department of Coastal and Marine Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Arihiro Iwasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Radisti A Praptiwi
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Jan Yves Remy
- Shridath Ramphal Centre, the University of the West Indies, St. Lucia/Barbados
| | - Georgina Sowman
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Eva Ternon
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche at Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Torsten Thiele
- Research Institute for Sustainability - Helmholtz Centre Potsdam (RIFS), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Shakuntala H Thilsted
- Nutrition, Health and Food Security Impact Area Platform Worldfish CGIAR, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jacqueline Uku
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya
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9
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Mohapatra A, Trivedi S, Kolte AP, Tejpal CS, Elavarasan K, Vaswani S, Malik PK, Ravishankar CN, Bhatta R. Effect of Padina gymnospora biowaste inclusion on in vitro methane production, feed fermentation, and microbial diversity. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1431131. [PMID: 39027100 PMCID: PMC11254855 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1431131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies were undertaken aiming to study the methane (CH4) mitigation potential of biowaste (BW) of Padina gymnospora at the graded inclusion of 0% (C), 2% (A2), 5% (A5), and 10% (A10) of the diet composed of straw and concentrate in 40:60 ratio. The chemical composition analysis revealed that the BW contained higher crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and ether extract (EE) than the PF (fresh seaweed, P. gymnospora). The concentration of cinnamic acid, sinapic acid, kaempferol, fisetin p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, and luteolin in BW was 1.5-6-folds less than the PF. Inclusion of BW decreased (P < 0.0001) CH4 production by 34%, 38%, and 45% in A2, A5, and A10 treatments, respectively. A decrease (P < 0.0001) of 7.5%-8% in dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility was also recorded with the BW supplementation. The BW inclusion also decreased the numbers of total (P = 0.007), Entodinomorphs (P = 0.011), and Holotrichs (P = 0.004) protozoa. Metagenome data revealed the dominance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Fibrobacter microbial phyla. At the phylum level, Euryarchaeota dominated the archaeal community, whereas Methanobrevibacter was most abundant at the genus level. It can be concluded that the inclusion of BW in straw and concentrate based diet by affecting rumen fermentation, protozoal numbers, and compositional shift in the archaeal community significantly decreased CH4 production. Utilization of biowaste of P. gymnospora as a CH4 mitigating agent will ensure its efficient utilization rather than dumping, which shall cause environmental pollution and health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archit Mohapatra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
- School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be-University), Bengaluru, India
| | - Shraddha Trivedi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Atul P. Kolte
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Chaluvanahalli S. Tejpal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Elavarasan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Shalini Vaswani
- Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Malik
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
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10
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Bullen CD, Driscoll J, Burt J, Stephens T, Hessing-Lewis M, Gregr EJ. The potential climate benefits of seaweed farming in temperate waters. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15021. [PMID: 38951559 PMCID: PMC11217401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Seaweed farming is widely promoted as an approach to mitigating climate change despite limited data on carbon removal pathways and uncertainty around benefits and risks at operational scales. We explored the feasibility of climate change mitigation from seaweed farming by constructing five scenarios spanning a range of industry development in coastal British Columbia, Canada, a temperate region identified as highly suitable for seaweed farming. Depending on growth rates and the fate of farmed seaweed, our scenarios sequestered or avoided between 0.20 and 8.2 Tg CO2e year-1, equivalent to 0.3% and 13% of annual greenhouse gas emissions in BC, respectively. Realisation of climate benefits required seaweed-based products to replace existing, more emissions-intensive products, as marine sequestration was relatively inefficient. Such products were also key to reducing the monetary cost of climate benefits, with product values exceeding production costs in only one of the scenarios we examined. However, model estimates have large uncertainties dominated by seaweed production and emissions avoided, making these key priorities for future research. Our results show that seaweed farming could make an economically feasible contribute to Canada's climate goals if markets for value-added seaweed based products are developed. Moreover, our model demonstrates the possibility for farmers, regulators, and researchers to accurately quantify the climate benefits of seaweed farming in their regional contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron D Bullen
- SciTech Environmental Consulting, 2136 Napier Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5L 2N9
| | - John Driscoll
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jenn Burt
- Nature United, North Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tiffany Stephens
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, USA
| | - Margot Hessing-Lewis
- Hakai Institute, Campbell River, BC, Canada
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edward J Gregr
- SciTech Environmental Consulting, 2136 Napier Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5L 2N9.
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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11
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Choi Y, Lee SJ, Kim HS, Eom JS, Jo SU, Guan LL, Lee SS. Metataxonomic and metabolomic profiling revealed Pinus koraiensis cone essential oil reduced methane emission through affecting ruminal microbial interactions and host-microbial metabolism. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:37. [PMID: 38943213 PMCID: PMC11212255 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pinus koraiensis cone essential oil (PEO) contains functional compounds such as monoterpene hydrocarbons, and the administration of PEO reduced methane (CH4) emissions during growing phase of goats. However, the mode of action of PEO driven CH4 reduction is not known, especially how the administration of PEO can affect rumen microbiota and host metabolism in goats during the fattening phase. This study aimed to elucidate the potential microbial and host responses PEO supplementation in goats using metataxonomics (prokaryotes and protozoa) and metabolomics (rumen fluid and serum). RESULTS Ten fattening Korean native goats were divided into two dietary groups: control (CON; basal diet without additives) and PEO (basal diet + 1.5 g/d of PEO) with a 2 × 2 crossover design and the treatment lasted for 11 weeks. Administration of PEO reduced CH4 concentrations in the exhaled gas from eructation by 12.0-13.6% (P < 0.05). Although the microbial composition of prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and protozoa in the rumen was not altered after PEO administration. MaAsLin2 analysis revealed that the abundance of Selenomonas, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, and Anaerovibrio were enriched in the rumen of PEO supplemented goats (Q < 0.1). Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group and Anaerovibrio were the keystone taxa in the CON and PEO groups, respectively. Methane metabolism (P < 0.05) was enriched in the CON group, whereas metabolism of sulfur (P < 0.001) and propionate (P < 0.1) were enriched in the PEO group based on microbial predicted functions. After PEO administration, the abundance of 11 rumen and 4 serum metabolites increased, whereas that of 25 rumen and 14 serum metabolites decreased (P < 0.1). Random forest analysis identified eight ruminal metabolites that were altered after PEO administration, among which four were associated with propionate production, with predictive accuracy ranging from 0.75 to 0.88. Additionally, we found that serum sarcosine (serum metabolite) was positively correlated with CH4 emission parameters and abundance of Methanobrevibacter in the rumen (|r|≥ 0.5, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that PEO administration reduced CH4 emission from of fattening goats with altered microbial interactions and metabolites in the rumen and host. Importantly, PEO administration affected utilizes various mechanisms such as formate, sulfur, methylated amines metabolism, and propionate production, collectively leading to CH4 reduction. The knowledge is important for future management strategies to maintain animal production and health while mitigate CH4 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - S J Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Eom
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - S U Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - L L Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - S S Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Wanapat M, Prachumchai R, Dagaew G, Matra M, Phupaboon S, Sommai S, Suriyapha C. Potential use of seaweed as a dietary supplement to mitigate enteric methane emission in ruminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:173015. [PMID: 38710388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Seaweeds or marine algae exhibit diverse morphologies, sizes, colors, and chemical compositions, encompassing various species, including red, green, and brown seaweeds. Several seaweeds have received increased research attention and application in animal feeding investigations, particularly in ruminant livestock, due to their higher yield and convenient harvestability at present. Recent endeavors encompassing both in vitro and in vivo experiments have indicated that many seaweeds, particularly red seaweed (Asparagopsis taxiformis and Asparagopsis armata), contain plant secondary compounds, such as halogenated compounds and phlorotannins, with the potential to reduce enteric ruminal methane (CH4) emissions by up to 99 % when integrated into ruminant diets. This review provides an encompassing exploration of the existing body of knowledge concerning seaweeds and their impact on rumen fermentation, the toxicity of ruminal microbes, the health of animals, animal performance, and enteric ruminal CH4 emissions in both in vitro and in vivo settings among ruminants. By attaining a deeper comprehension of the implications of seaweed supplementation on rumen fermentation, animal productivity, and ruminal CH4 emissions, we could lay the groundwork for devising innovative strategies. These strategies aim to simultaneously achieve environmental benefits, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance animal efficiency, and develop aquaculture and seaweed production systems, ensuring a high-quality and consistent supply chain. Nevertheless, future research is essential to elucidate the extent of the effect and gain insight into the mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Rittikeard Prachumchai
- Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12130, Thailand
| | - Gamonmas Dagaew
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Maharach Matra
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Srisan Phupaboon
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sukruthai Sommai
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chaichana Suriyapha
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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13
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Méité R, Bayer L, Martin M, Amon B, Uthes S. Modeling the environmental impacts of Asparagopsis as feed, a cow toilet and slurry acidification in two synthetic dairy farms. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29389. [PMID: 38694085 PMCID: PMC11058298 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Intensive dairy farming, particularly enteric fermentation and manure management, is a major contributor to negative impacts on the local and global environment. A wide range of abatement measures has been proposed to reduce livestock-related emissions, yet the individual and combined effects of these innovations are often unknown. In this study, we performed an attributional life cycle assessment of three innovative measures modeled in two synthetic German dairy farm systems: Feeding of the seaweed Asparagopsis, installing an in-house cow toilet system, and performing on-field slurry acidification. These measures were modeled both individually and in combination to account for single and cumulative effects and compared to a reference scenario under current practices. Our results showed that feeding high levels of Asparagopsis and the combination of all three measures were most effective at reducing global warming potential (20-30 %), while only the latter mitigated eutrophication (6-9%) and acidification potential (14-17 %). The cow toilet required additional adapted manure management (separated storage and injection of urine) to effectively reduce eutrophication (8-10 %) and acidification potential (19-23 %) and to decrease global warming potential (3-4%) and abiotic depletion (4-5%). Slurry acidification slightly affected all considered environmental impact categories. All three measures involved trade-offs, either between LCA impact categories (global warming potential vs. abiotic depletion), the location of impacts (off- vs. on-farm), or the emission reduction in individual gases (ammonia vs. nitrous oxide). Measure combinations could compensate for the observed trade-offs. Our study highlights the potential of novel abatement measures but also shows the interdependencies of measures in different stages. This calls for a revisiting of current priorities in funding and legislation, which often focus on single objectives and measures (e.g. ammonia reduction) toward the preferential use of measures that are effective without driving trade-offs or improving resource efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Méité
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, Müncheberg, Germany
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Bayer
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, Müncheberg, Germany
- System Dynamics Group, Department of Geography, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michael Martin
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Valhallavägen 81, 114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, Teknikringen 10B, 114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Amon
- Department Technology Assessment, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany and University of Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Sandra Uthes
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, Müncheberg, Germany
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14
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Homem BGC, Borges LPC, de Lima IBG, Guimarães BC, Spasiani PP, Ferreira IM, Meo-Filho P, Berndt A, Alves BJR, Urquiaga S, Boddey RM, Casagrande DR. Forage peanut legume as a strategy for improving beef production without increasing livestock greenhouse gas emissions. Animal 2024; 18:101158. [PMID: 38703756 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The transformation of pastures from a degraded state to sustainable productivity is a major challenge in tropical livestock production. Stoloniferous forage legumes such as Arachis pintoi (forage peanut) are one of the most promising alternatives for intensifying pasture-based beef livestock operations with reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This 2-year study assessed beef cattle performance, nutrient intake and digestibility, and balance of GHG emissions in three pasture types (PT): (1) mixed Palisade grass - Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster (syn. Brachiaria brizantha Stapf cv. Marandu) and forage peanut (A. pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg. cv. BRS Mandobi) pastures (Mixed), (2) monoculture Palisade grass pastures with 150 kg of N/ha per year (Fertilised), and (3) monoculture Palisade grass without N fertiliser (Control). Continuous stocking with a variable stocking rate was used in a randomised complete block design, with four replicates per treatment. The average daily gain and carcass gain were not influenced by the PT (P = 0.439 and P = 0.100, respectively) and were, on average, 0.433 kg/animal per day and 83.4 kg/animal, respectively. Fertilised and Mixed pastures increased by 102 and 31.5%, respectively, the liveweight gain per area (kg/ha/yr) compared to the Control pasture (P < 0.001). The heifers in the Mixed pasture had lower CH4 emissions (g/animal per day; P = 0.009), achieving a reduction of 12.6 and 10.1% when compared to the Fertilised and Control pastures, respectively. Annual (N2O) emissions (g/animal) and per kg carcass weight gain were 59.8 and 63.1% lower, respectively, in the Mixed pasture compared to the Fertilised pasture (P < 0.001). Mixed pasture mitigated approximately 23% of kg CO2eq/kg of carcass when substituting 150 kg of N/ha per year via fertiliser. Mixed pastures with forage peanut are a promising solution to recover degraded tropical pastures by providing increased animal production with lower GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G C Homem
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil; Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR-465, km 7, Seropédica 23897-970 RJ, Brazil
| | - L P C Borges
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - I B G de Lima
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - B C Guimarães
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - P P Spasiani
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - I M Ferreira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - P Meo-Filho
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 234, Sao Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - A Berndt
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 234, Sao Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - B J R Alves
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR-465, km 7, Seropédica 23897-970 RJ, Brazil
| | - S Urquiaga
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR-465, km 7, Seropédica 23897-970 RJ, Brazil
| | - R M Boddey
- Department of Soil Science, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil
| | - D R Casagrande
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil.
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15
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Caradus JR, Chapman DF, Rowarth JS. Improving Human Diets and Welfare through Using Herbivore-Based Foods: 2. Environmental Consequences and Mitigations. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1353. [PMID: 38731357 PMCID: PMC11083977 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal-sourced foods are important for human nutrition and health, but they can have a negative impact on the environment. These impacts can result in land use tensions associated with population growth and the loss of native forests and wetlands during agricultural expansion. Increased greenhouse gas emissions, and high water use but poor water quality outcomes can also be associated. Life cycle analysis from cradle-to-distribution has shown that novel plant-based meat alternatives can have an environmental footprint lower than that of beef finished in feedlots, but higher than for beef raised on well-managed grazed pastures. However, several technologies and practices can be used to mitigate impacts. These include ensuring that grazing occurs when feed quality is high, the use of dietary additives, breeding of animals with higher growth rates and increased fecundity, rumen microbial manipulations through the use of vaccines, soil management to reduce nitrous oxide emission, management systems to improve carbon sequestration, improved nutrient use efficacy throughout the food chain, incorporating maize silage along with grasslands, use of cover crops, low-emission composting barns, covered manure storages, and direct injection of animal slurry into soil. The technologies and systems that help mitigate or actually provide solutions to the environmental impact are under constant refinement to enable ever-more efficient production systems to allow for the provision of animal-sourced foods to an ever-increasing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Caradus
- Grasslanz Technology Ltd., PB 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | | | - Jacqueline S. Rowarth
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Lincoln University, 85084 Ellesmere Junction Road, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand;
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16
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Ungerfeld EM, Pitta D. Review: Biological consequences of the inhibition of rumen methanogenesis. Animal 2024:101170. [PMID: 38772773 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Decreasing enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants is important for containing global warming to 1.5 °C and avoid the worst consequences of climate change. However, the objective of mitigating enteric CH4 emissions is difficult to reconcile with the forecasted increase in production of ruminant meat and milk, unless CH4 production per animal and per kilogram of animal product are decreased substantially. Chemical compound 3-nitrooxypropanol and bromoform-containing red algae Asparagopsis are currently the most potent inhibitors of rumen methanogenesis, but their average efficacy would have to be increased to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions to contain global warming to 1.5 °C, if the demand for ruminant products increases as predicted. We propose that it may be possible to enhance the efficacy of inhibitors of methanogenesis through understanding the mechanisms that cause variation in their efficacy across studies. We also propose that a more thorough understanding of the effects of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen and postabsorptive metabolism may help improve feed efficiency and cost-effectiveness as co-benefits of the methanogenesis inhibition intervention. For enhancing efficacy, we examine herein how different inhibitors of methanogenesis affect the composition of the rumen microbial community and discuss some mechanisms that may explain dissimilar sensitivities among methanogens to different types of inhibitors. For improving feed efficiency and cost-effectiveness, we discuss the consequences of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen fermentation, and how changes in rumen fermentation can in turn affect postabsorptive metabolism and animal performance. The objectives of this review are to identify knowledge gaps of the consequences of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen microbiology and rumen and postabsorptive metabolism, propose research to address those knowledge gaps and discuss the implications that this research can have for the efficacy and adoption of inhibitors of methanogenesis. Depending on its outcomes, research on the microbiological, biochemical, and metabolic consequences of the inhibition of rumen methanogenesis could help the adoption of feed additives inhibitors of methanogenesis to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants to ameliorate climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Camino Cajón a Vilcún km 10, 4880000 Vilcún, La Araucanía, Chile.
| | - D Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, 19348 Kenneth Square, PA, United States
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17
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Sarmikasoglou E, Sumadong P, Dagaew G, Johnson M, Vinyard J, Salas-Solis G, Siregar M, Faciola A. Effects of Bacillus subtilis on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae054. [PMID: 38689758 PMCID: PMC11059259 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a proprietary strain of a Bacillus subtilis on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production in batch culture serum bottles. One hundred forty-nine batch culture bottles were used in a complete randomized block design. The arrangement of treatments was a 3 × 3 × 4 factorial to evaluate the effects of inoculum, time, diet, and their respective interactions. There were three experimental runs total, where the run was used as block. Inoculum treatments were 1.85 mg/mL of microcrystalline cellulose (CON); 10 billion B. subtilis plus microcrystalline cellulose (A1); and 60 billion B. subtilis plus microcrystalline cellulose (A2). Diet treatments were 0.50 g of early lactation diet (E, 30% starch), mid-lactation diet (M, 25% starch), or dry cow diet (D, 18% starch). The combination resulted in total of nine treatments. Each treatment had five replicates, two of which were used to determine nutrient degradability at 24 and 48 h after inoculation, and three were used to determine pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), volatile fatty acids, lactate, total gas, and methane production at 3, 6, 24, and 48 h after inoculation. Fixed effects of inoculum, diet, and their interaction were tested using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05. We observed that, compared to control, the supplementation of B. subtilis, decreased the production of acetate and propionate, while increasing the production of butyrate, iso-butyrate, valerate, iso-valerate, and caproate within each respective diet. Additionally, the total methane production exhibited mixed responses depending on the diet type. Overall, the inclusion of B. subtilis under in vitro conditions shows the potential to reduce ruminal methane production when supplemented with a mid-lactation diet, constituting a possible methane mitigation additive for dairy cattle diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Sarmikasoglou
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Phussorn Sumadong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Gamonmas Dagaew
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Mikayla L Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - James R Vinyard
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Gerald Salas-Solis
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Martha Siregar
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Antonio P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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18
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Patwary ZP, Zhao M, Paul NA, Cummins SF. Identification of reproductive sex-biased gene expression in Asparagopsis taxiformis (lineage 6) gametophytes. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:327-342. [PMID: 38156746 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The sub-tropical red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis is of significant interest due to its ability to store halogenated compounds, including bromoform, which can mitigate methane production in ruminants. Significant scale-up of aquaculture production of this seaweed is required; however, relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms that control fundamental physiological processes, including the regulatory factors that determine sexual dimorphism in gametophytes. In this study, we used comparative RNA-sequencing analysis between different morphological parts of mature male and female A. taxiformis (lineage 6) gametophytes that resulted in greater number of sex-biased gene expression in tips (containing the reproductive structures for both sexes), compared with the somatic main axis and rhizomes. Further comparative RNA-seq against immature tips was used to identify 62 reproductive sex-biased genes (59 male-biased, 3 female-biased). Of the reproductive male-biased genes, 46% had an unknown function, while others were predicted to be regulatory factors and enzymes involved in signaling. We found that bromoform content obtained from female samples (8.5 ± 1.0 mg·g-1 dry weight) was ~10% higher on average than that of male samples (6.5 ± 1.0 mg·g-1 dry weight), although no significant difference was observed (p > 0.05). There was also no significant difference in the marine bromoform biosynthesis locus gene expression. In summary, our comparative RNA-sequencing analysis provides a first insight into the potential molecular factors relevant to gametogenesis and sexual differentiation in A. taxiformis, with potential benefits for identification of sex-specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubaida Parveen Patwary
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Paul
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott F Cummins
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Roques S, Martinez-Fernandez G, Ramayo-Caldas Y, Popova M, Denman S, Meale SJ, Morgavi DP. Recent Advances in Enteric Methane Mitigation and the Long Road to Sustainable Ruminant Production. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2024; 12:321-343. [PMID: 38079599 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-024931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitigation of methane emission, a potent greenhouse gas, is a worldwide priority to limit global warming. A substantial part of anthropogenic methane is emitted by the livestock sector, as methane is a normal product of ruminant digestion. We present the latest developments and challenges ahead of the main efficient mitigation strategies of enteric methane production in ruminants. Numerous mitigation strategies have been developed in the last decades, from dietary manipulation and breeding to targeting of methanogens, the microbes that produce methane. The most recent advances focus on specific inhibition of key enzymes involved in methanogenesis. But these inhibitors, although efficient, are not affordable and not adapted to the extensive farming systems prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. Effective global mitigation of methane emissions from livestock should be based not only on scientific progress but also on the feasibility and accessibility of mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Roques
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France; , ,
| | | | - Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, Spain;
| | - Milka Popova
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France; , ,
| | - Stuart Denman
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; ,
| | - Sarah J Meale
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, Faculty of Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Diego P Morgavi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France; , ,
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20
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Hodge I, Quille P, O’Connell S. A Review of Potential Feed Additives Intended for Carbon Footprint Reduction through Methane Abatement in Dairy Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:568. [PMID: 38396536 PMCID: PMC10885959 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Eight rumen additives were chosen for an enteric methane-mitigating comparison study including garlic oil (GO), nitrate, Ascophyllum nodosum (AN), Asparagopsis (ASP), Lactobacillus plantarum (LAB), chitosan (CHI), essential oils (EOs) and 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP). Dose-dependent analysis was carried out on selected feed additives using a meta-analysis approach to determine effectiveness in live subjects or potential efficacy in live animal trials with particular attention given to enteric gas, volatile fatty acid concentrations, and rumen microbial counts. All meta-analysis involving additives GO, nitrates, LAB, CHI, EOs, and 3-NOP revealed a reduction in methane production, while individual studies for AN and ASP displayed ruminal bacterial community improvement and a reduction in enteric CH4. Rumen protozoal depression was observed with GO and AN supplementation as well as an increase in propionate production with GO, LAB, ASP, CHI, and 3-NOP rumen fluid inoculation. GO, AN, ASP, and LAB demonstrated mechanisms in vitro as feed additives to improve rumen function and act as enteric methane mitigators. Enzyme inhibitor 3-NOP displays the greatest in vivo CH4 mitigating capabilities compared to essential oil commercial products. Furthermore, this meta-analysis study revealed that in vitro studies in general displayed a greater level of methane mitigation with these compounds than was seen in vivo, emphasising the importance of in vivo trials for final verification of use. While in vitro gas production systems predict in vivo methane production and fermentation trends with reasonable accuracy, it is necessary to confirm feed additive rumen influence in vivo before practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Hodge
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Munster Technological University, V92 HD4V Tralee, Kerry, Ireland; (P.Q.); (S.O.)
- Research and Development Biotechnology Centre, Marigot Ltd., Shanbally, P43 E409 Ringaskiddy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick Quille
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Munster Technological University, V92 HD4V Tralee, Kerry, Ireland; (P.Q.); (S.O.)
| | - Shane O’Connell
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Munster Technological University, V92 HD4V Tralee, Kerry, Ireland; (P.Q.); (S.O.)
- Research and Development Biotechnology Centre, Marigot Ltd., Shanbally, P43 E409 Ringaskiddy, Cork, Ireland
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21
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Mizoguchi Y, Guan LL. - Invited Review - Translational gut microbiome research for strategies to improve beef cattle production sustainability and meat quality. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:346-359. [PMID: 38186252 PMCID: PMC10838664 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced and innovative breeding and management of meat-producing animals are needed to address the global food security and sustainability challenges. Beef production is an important industry for securing animal protein resources in the world and meat quality significantly contributes to the economic values and human needs. Improvement of cattle feed efficiency has become an urgent task as it can lower the environmental burden of methane gas emissions and the reduce the consumption of human edible cereal grains. Cattle depend on their symbiotic microbiome and its activity in the rumen and gut to maintain growth and health. Recent developments in high-throughput omics analysis (metagenome, metatranscriptome, metabolome, metaproteome and so on) have made it possible to comprehensively analyze microbiome, hosts and their interactions and to define their roles in affecting cattle biology. In this review, we focus on the relationships among gut microbiome and beef meat quality, feed efficiency, methane emission as well as host genetics in beef cattle, aiming to determine the current knowledge gaps for the development of the strategies to improve the sustainability of beef production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Mizoguchi
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571,
Japan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5,
Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5,
Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4,
Canada
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22
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Cowley FC, Kinley RD, Mackenzie SL, Fortes MRS, Palmieri C, Simanungkalit G, Almeida AK, Roque BM. Bioactive metabolites of Asparagopsis stabilized in canola oil completely suppress methane emissions in beef cattle fed a feedlot diet. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae109. [PMID: 38646666 PMCID: PMC11088279 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Asparagopsis taxiformis (Asparagopsis) has been shown to be highly efficacious at inhibiting the production of methane (CH4) in ruminants. To date, Asparagopsis has been primarily produced as a dietary supplement by freeze-drying to retain the volatile bioactive compound bromoform (CHBr3) in the product. Steeping of Asparagopsis bioactive compounds into a vegetable oil carrier (Asp-Oil) is an alternative method of stabilizing Asparagopsis as a ruminant feed additive. A dose-response experimental design used 3 Asp-Oil-canola oil blends, low, medium, and high Asp-Oil which provided 17, 34, and 51 mg Asparagopsis derived CHBr3/kg dry matter intake (DMI), respectively (in addition to a zero CHBr3 canola oil control), in a tempered-barley based feedlot finisher diet, fed for 59 d to 20 Angus heifers (five replicates per treatment). On four occasions, live weight was measured and CH4 emissions were quantified in respiration chambers, and blood, rumen fluid, and fecal samples were collected. At the end of the experiment, all animals were slaughtered, with carcasses graded, and samples of meat and edible offal collected for testing of consumer sensory qualities and residues of CHBr3, bromide, and iodide. All Asp-Oil treatments reduced CH4 yield (g CH4/kg DMI, P = 0.008) from control levels, with the low, medium, and high Asp-Oil achieving 64%, 98%, and 99% reduction, respectively. Dissolved hydrogen increased linearly with increasing Asp-Oil inclusion, by more than 17-fold in the high Asp-Oil group (P = 0.017). There was no effect of Asp-Oil treatment on rumen temperature, pH, reduction potential, volatile fatty acid and ammonia production, rumen pathology, and histopathology (P > 0.10). There were no differences in animal production and carcass parameters (P > 0.10). There was no detectable CHBr3 in feces or any carcass samples (P > 0.10), and iodide and bromide residues in kidneys were at levels unlikely to lead to consumers exceeding recommended maximum intakes. Overall, Asp-Oil was found to be safe for animals and consumers of meat, and effective at reducing CH4 emissions and yield by up to 99% within the range of inclusion levels tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Cowley
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | | | - Sigrid L Mackenzie
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Marina R S Fortes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chiara Palmieri
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gamaliel Simanungkalit
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Amelia K Almeida
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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23
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Roskam E, O’Donnell C, Hayes M, Kirwan SF, Kenny DA, O’Flaherty V, McGovern FM, Claffey N, Waters SM. Enteric methane emission reduction potential of natural feed supplements in ewe diets. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skad421. [PMID: 38206107 PMCID: PMC10876037 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Research into the potential use of various dietary feed supplements to reduce methane (CH4) production from ruminants has proliferated in recent years. In this study, two 8-wk long experiments were conducted with mature ewes and incorporated the use of a variety of natural dietary feed supplements offered either independently or in combination. Both experiments followed a randomized complete block design. Ewes were offered a basal diet in the form of ad libitum access to grass silage supplemented with 0.5 kg concentrates/ewe/d. The entire daily dietary concentrate allocation, incorporating the respective feed supplement, was offered each morning, and this was followed by the daily silage allocation. In experiment 1, the experimental diets contained 1) no supplementation (CON), 2) Ascophyllum nodosum (SW), 3) A. nodosum extract (EX1), 4) a blend of garlic and citrus extracts (GAR), and 5) a blend of essential oils (EO). In experiment 2, the experimental diets contained 1) no supplementation (CON), 2) A. nodosum extract (EX2), 3) soya oil (SO), and 4) a combination of EX2 and SO (EXSO). Twenty ewes per treatment were individually housed during both experiments. Methane was measured using portable accumulation chambers. Rumen fluid was collected at the end of both experiments for subsequent volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia analyses. Data were analyzed using mixed models ANOVA (PROC MIXED, SAS v9.4). Statistically significant differences between treatment means were considered when P < 0.05. Dry matter intake was not affected by diet in either experiment (P > 0.05). Ewes offered EO tended to have an increased feed:gain ratio relative to CON (P < 0.10) and SO tended to increase the average daily gain (P < 0.10) which resulted in animals having a higher final body weight (P < 0.05) than CON. Ewes offered EX1 and SO emitted 9% less CH4 g/d than CON. The only dietary treatment to have an effect on rumen fermentation variables relative to CON was SW, which enhanced total VFA production (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the A. nodosum extract had inconsistent results on CH4 emissions whereby EX1 reduced CH4 g/d while EX2 had no mitigating effect on CH4 production, likely due to the differences in PT content reported for EX1 and EX2. SO was the only dietary feed supplement assessed in the current study that enhanced animal performance whilst mitigating daily CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Roskam
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Caroline O’Donnell
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maria Hayes
- Food BioSciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Stuart F Kirwan
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - David A Kenny
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland
- UCD School of Agricultural and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vincent O’Flaherty
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fiona M McGovern
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Noel Claffey
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Sinéad M Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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24
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Kim M, Masaki T, Oikawa K, Ashihara A, Ikuta K, Iwamoto E, Lee H, Haga S, Uemoto Y, Roh S, Terada F, Nonaka I. Effect of residual methane emission on physiological characteristics and carcass performance in Japanese Black cattle. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13954. [PMID: 38797605 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the physiological characteristics and carcass performance associated with residual methane emissions (RME), and the effects of bull differences on CH4-related traits in Japanese Black cattle. Enteric methane (CH4) emissions from 156 Japanese Black cattle (111 heifers and 45 steers) were measured during early fattening using the sniffer method. Various physiological parameters were investigated to clarify the physiological traits between the high, middle, and low RME groups. CH4-related traits were examined to determine whether bull differences affected progeny CH4 emissions. Ruminal butyrate and NH3 concentrations were significantly higher in the high-RME group than in the low-RME group, whereas the propionate content was significantly higher in the low-RME group. Blood urea nitrogen, β-hydroxybutyric acid, and insulin concentrations were significantly higher, and blood amino acids were lower in the high-RME group than in the other groups. No significant differences were observed in the carcass traits and beef fat composition between RME groups. CH4-related traits were significantly different among bull herds. Our results show that CH4-related traits are heritable, wherein bull differences affect progeny CH4 production capability, and that the above-mentioned rumen fermentations and blood metabolites could be used to evaluate enteric methanogenesis in Japanese Black cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kim
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masaki
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kasai, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kohei Oikawa
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akane Ashihara
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ikuta
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kasai, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Eiji Iwamoto
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kasai, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Huseong Lee
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Haga
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Uemoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sanggun Roh
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fuminori Terada
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Itoko Nonaka
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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McKinnie LJ, Cummins SF, Zhao M. Identification of Incomplete Annotations of Biosynthesis Pathways in Rhodophytes Using a Multi-Omics Approach. Mar Drugs 2023; 22:3. [PMID: 38276641 PMCID: PMC10817344 DOI: 10.3390/md22010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhodophytes (red algae) are an important source of natural products and are, therefore, a current research focus in terms of metabolite production. The recent increase in publicly available Rhodophyte whole genome and transcriptome assemblies provides the resources needed for in silico metabolic pathway analysis. Thus, this study aimed to create a Rhodophyte multi-omics resource, utilising both genomes and transcriptome assemblies with functional annotations to explore Rhodophyte metabolism. The genomes and transcriptomes of 72 Rhodophytes were functionally annotated and integrated with metabolic reconstruction and phylogenetic inference, orthology prediction, and gene duplication analysis to analyse their metabolic pathways. This resource was utilised via two main investigations: the identification of bioactive sterol biosynthesis pathways and the evolutionary analysis of gene duplications for known enzymes. We report that sterol pathways, including campesterol, β-sitosterol, ergocalciferol and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways, all showed incomplete annotated pathways across all Rhodophytes despite prior in vivo studies showing otherwise. Gene duplication analysis revealed high rates of duplication of halide-associated haem peroxidases in Florideophyte algae, which are involved in the biosynthesis of drug-related halogenated secondary metabolites. In summary, this research revealed trends in Rhodophyte metabolic pathways that have been under-researched and require further functional analysis. Furthermore, the high duplication of haem peroxidases and other peroxidase enzymes offers insight into the potential drug development of Rhodophyte halogenated secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan J. McKinnie
- Seaweed Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QSL 4558, Australia; (L.J.M.); (S.F.C.)
- School of Science, Technology, and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QSL 4558, Australia
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QSL 4558, Australia
| | - Scott F. Cummins
- Seaweed Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QSL 4558, Australia; (L.J.M.); (S.F.C.)
- School of Science, Technology, and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QSL 4558, Australia
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QSL 4558, Australia
| | - Min Zhao
- Seaweed Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QSL 4558, Australia; (L.J.M.); (S.F.C.)
- School of Science, Technology, and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QSL 4558, Australia
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McGurrin A, Maguire J, Tiwari BK, Garcia-Vaquero M. Anti-methanogenic potential of seaweeds and seaweed-derived compounds in ruminant feed: current perspectives, risks and future prospects. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:145. [PMID: 38041152 PMCID: PMC10693045 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With methane emissions from ruminant agriculture contributing 17% of total methane emissions worldwide, there is increasing urgency to develop strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in this sector. One of the proposed strategies is ruminant feed intervention studies focused on the inclusion of anti-methanogenic compounds which are those capable of interacting with the rumen microbiome, reducing the capacity of ruminal microorganisms to produce methane. Recently, seaweeds have been investigated for their ability to reduce methane in ruminants in vitro and in vivo, with the greatest methane abatement reported when using the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis (attributed to the bromoform content of this species). From the literature analysis in this study, levels of up to 99% reduction in ruminant methane emissions have been reported from inclusion of this seaweed in animal feed, although further in vivo and microbiome studies are required to confirm these results as other reports showed no effect on methane emission resulting from the inclusion of seaweed to basal feed. This review explores the current state of research aiming to integrate seaweeds as anti-methanogenic feed additives, as well as examining the specific bioactive compounds within seaweeds that are likely to be related to these effects. The effects of the inclusion of seaweeds on the ruminal microbiome are also reviewed, as well as the future challenges when considering the large-scale inclusion of seaweeds into ruminant diets as anti-methanogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailbhe McGurrin
- Section of Food and Nutrition, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Belfield, Ireland
- TEAGASC, Food Research Centre, Dublin 15, Ashtown, Ireland
| | - Julie Maguire
- Bantry Marine Research Station Ltd, Bantry, Co. Cork, P75 AX07, Gearhies, Ireland
| | | | - Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- Section of Food and Nutrition, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Belfield, Ireland.
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Patra AK, Puchala R. Methane mitigation in ruminants with structural analogues and other chemical compounds targeting archaeal methanogenesis pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108268. [PMID: 37793598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Ruminants are responsible for enteric methane production contributing significantly to the anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Moreover, dietary energy is lost as methane gas without being available for animal use. Therefore, many mitigation strategies aiming at interventions at animals, diet, and microbiota have been explored by researchers. Specific chemical analogues targeting the enzymes of the methanogenic pathway appear to be more effective in specifically inhibiting the growth of methane-producing archaea without hampering another microbiome, particularly, cellulolytic microbiota. The targets of methanogenesis reactions that have been mainly investigated in ruminal fluid include methyl coenzyme M reductase (halogenated sulfonate and nitrooxy compounds), corrinoid enzymes (halogenated aliphatic compounds), formate dehydrogenase (nitro compounds, e.g., nitroethane and 2-nitroethanol), and deazaflavin (F420) (pterin and statin compounds). Many other potential metabolic reaction targets in methanogenic archaea have not been evaluated properly. The analogues are specifically effective inhibitors of methanogens, but their efficacy to lower methanogenesis over time reduces due to the metabolism of the compounds by other microbiota or the development of resistance mechanisms by methanogens. In this short review, methanogen populations inhabited in the rumen, methanogenesis pathways and methane analogues, and other chemical compounds specifically targeting the metabolic reactions in the pathways and methane production in ruminants have been discussed. Although many methane inhibitors have been evaluated in lowering methane emission in ruminants, advancement in unravelling the molecular mechanisms of specific methane inhibitors targeting the metabolic pathways in methanogens is very limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Kumar Patra
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA.
| | - Ryszard Puchala
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA; Applied Physiology Unit, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Lennox-Bulow D, Smout M, Loukas A, Seymour J. Stonefish (Synanceia spp.) Ichthyocrinotoxins: An ecological review and prospectus for future research and biodiscovery. Toxicon 2023; 236:107329. [PMID: 37907137 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms possess a diverse array of unique substances, many with wide ranging potential for applications in medicine, industry, and other sectors. Stonefish (Synanceia spp.), a bottom-dwelling fish that inhabit shallow and intertidal waters throughout the Indo-Pacific, harbour two distinct substances, a venom, and an ichthyocrinotoxin. Stonefish are well-known for the potent venom associated with their dorsal spines as it poses a significant risk to public health. Consequently, much of the research on stonefish focusses on the venom, with the aim of improving outcomes in cases of envenomation. However, there has been a notable lack of research on stonefish ichthyocrinotoxins, a class of toxin that is synthesised within specialised epithelial cells (i.e., tubercles) and exuded onto the skin. This has resulted in a substantial knowledge gap in our understanding of these animals. This review aims to bridge this gap by consolidating literature on the ecological functions and biochemical attributes of ichthyocrinotoxins present in various fish species and juxtaposing it with the current state of knowledge of stonefish ecology. We highlight the roles of ichthyocrinotoxins in predator defence, bolstering innate immunity, and mitigating integumentary interactions with parasites and detrimental fouling organisms. The objective of this review is to identify promising research avenues that could shed light on the ecological functions of stonefish ichthyocrinotoxins and their potential practical applications as therapeutics and/or industrial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Lennox-Bulow
- Tropical Australian Stinger Research Unit, James Cook University, McGregor Road, Cairns, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, McGregor Road, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Michael Smout
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, McGregor Road, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, McGregor Road, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jamie Seymour
- Tropical Australian Stinger Research Unit, James Cook University, McGregor Road, Cairns, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, McGregor Road, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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29
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Romero P, Belanche A, Jiménez E, Hueso R, Ramos-Morales E, Salwen JK, Kebreab E, Yáñez-Ruiz DR. Rumen microbial degradation of bromoform from red seaweed (Asparagopsis taxiformis) and the impact on rumen fermentation and methanogenic archaea. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:133. [PMID: 37907951 PMCID: PMC10619242 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The red macroalgae Asparagopsis is an effective methanogenesis inhibitor due to the presence of halogenated methane (CH4) analogues, primarily bromoform (CHBr3). This study aimed to investigate the degradation process of CHBr3 from A. taxiformis in the rumen and whether this process is diet-dependent. An in vitro batch culture system was used according to a 2 × 2 factorial design, assessing two A. taxiformis inclusion rates [0 (CTL) and 2% DM diet (AT)] and two diets [high-concentrate (HC) and high-forage diet (HF)]. Incubations lasted for 72 h and samples of headspace and fermentation liquid were taken at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h to assess the pattern of degradation of CHBr3 into dibromomethane (CH2Br2) and fermentation parameters. Additionally, an in vitro experiment with pure cultures of seven methanogens strains (Methanobrevibacter smithii, Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, Methanosphaera stadtmanae, Methanosarcina barkeri, Methanobrevibacter millerae, Methanothermobacter wolfei and Methanobacterium mobile) was conducted to test the effects of increasing concentrations of CHBr3 (0.4, 2, 10 and 50 µmol/L). RESULTS The addition of AT significantly decreased CH4 production (P = 0.002) and the acetate:propionate ratio (P = 0.003) during a 72-h incubation. The concentrations of CHBr3 showed a rapid decrease with nearly 90% degraded within the first 3 h of incubation. On the contrary, CH2Br2 concentration quickly increased during the first 6 h and then gradually decreased towards the end of the incubation. Neither CHBr3 degradation nor CH2Br2 synthesis were affected by the type of diet used as substrate, suggesting that the fermentation rate is not a driving factor involved in CHBr3 degradation. The in vitro culture of methanogens showed a dose-response effect of CHBr3 by inhibiting the growth of M. smithii, M. ruminantium, M. stadtmanae, M. barkeri, M. millerae, M. wolfei, and M. mobile. CONCLUSIONS The present work demonstrated that CHBr3 from A. taxiformis is quickly degraded to CH2Br2 in the rumen and that the fermentation rate promoted by different diets is not a driving factor involved in CHBr3 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Romero
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Alejandro Belanche
- Department of Animal Production and Food Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, Saragossa, 50013, Spain.
| | - Elisabeth Jiménez
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Rafael Hueso
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos-Morales
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | | | - Ermias Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - David R Yáñez-Ruiz
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain.
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30
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Mavrommatis A, Tsiplakou E, Zerva A, Pantiora PD, Georgakis ND, Tsintzou GP, Madesis P, Labrou NE. Microalgae as a Sustainable Source of Antioxidants in Animal Nutrition, Health and Livestock Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1882. [PMID: 37891962 PMCID: PMC10604252 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a renewable and sustainable source of bioactive compounds, such as essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidant compounds, that have been documented to have beneficial effects on nutrition and health. Among these natural products, the demand for natural antioxidants, as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants, has increased. The antioxidant activity of microalgae significantly varies between species and depends on growth conditions. In the last decade, microalgae have been explored in livestock animals as feed additives with the aim of improving both animals' health and performance as well as product quality and the environmental impact of livestock. These findings are highly dependent on the composition of microalgae strain and their amount in the diet. The use of carbohydrate-active enzymes can increase nutrient bioavailability as a consequence of recalcitrant microalgae cell wall degradation, making it a promising strategy for monogastric nutrition for improving livestock productivity. The use of microalgae as an alternative to conventional feedstuffs is becoming increasingly important due to food-feed competition, land degradation, water deprivation, and climate change. However, the cost-effective production and use of microalgae is a major challenge in the near future, and their cultivation technology should be improved by reducing production costs, thus increasing profitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mavrommatis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Zerva
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota D Pantiora
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos D Georgakis
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia P Tsintzou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plants, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, GR-38221 Volos, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Madesis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plants, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, GR-38221 Volos, Greece
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, 6th km Charilaou-Thermis Road, P.O. Box 361, Thermi, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
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31
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Newton EE, Theodoridou K, Terré M, Huws S, Ray P, Reynolds CK, Prat N, Sabrià D, Stergiadis S. Effect of dietary seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) supplementation on milk mineral concentrations, transfer efficiency, and hematological parameters in lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6880-6893. [PMID: 37210373 PMCID: PMC10570403 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of feeding seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) to dairy cows on milk mineral concentrations, feed-to-milk mineral transfer efficiencies, and hematological parameters. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 46) were allocated to 1 of 2 diets (n = 23 each): (1) control (CON; without seaweed) and (2) seaweed (SWD; replacing 330 g/d of dried corn meal in CON with 330 g/d dried A. nodosum). All cows were fed the CON diet for 4 wk before the experiment (adaptation period), and animals were then fed the experimental diets for 9 wk. Samples included sequential 3-wk composite feed samples, a composite milk sample on the last day of each week, and a blood sample at the end of the study. Data were statistically analyzed using a linear mixed effects model with diet, week, and their interaction as fixed factors; cow (nested within diet) as a random factor; and data collected on the last day of the adaptation period as covariates. Feeding SWD increased milk concentrations of Mg (+6.6 mg/kg), P (+56 mg/kg), and I (+1,720 μg/kg). It also reduced transfer efficiency of Ca, Mg, P, K, Mn, and Zn, and increased transfer efficiency of Mo. Feeding SWD marginally reduced milk protein concentrations, whereas there was no effect of SWD feeding on cows' hematological parameters. Feeding A. nodosum increased milk I concentrations, which can be beneficial when feed I concentration is limited or in demographics or populations with increased risk of I deficiency (e.g., female adolescents, pregnant women, nursing mothers). However, care should also be taken when feeding SWD to dairy cows because, in the present study, milk I concentrations were particularly high and could result in I intakes that pose a health risk for children consuming milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Newton
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - K Theodoridou
- Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Global Food Security, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom.
| | - M Terré
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Caldes de Montbui, 08140, Spain
| | - S Huws
- Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Global Food Security, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - P Ray
- The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203
| | - C K Reynolds
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - N Prat
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Caldes de Montbui, 08140, Spain
| | - D Sabrià
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Caldes de Montbui, 08140, Spain
| | - S Stergiadis
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6EU, United Kingdom.
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Singaravadivelan A, Sachin PB, Harikumar S, Vijayakumar P, Vindhya MV, Farhana FMB, Rameesa KK, Mathew J. Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emission from the dairy production system - review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:320. [PMID: 37747649 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is altering ecological systems and poses a serious threat to human life. Climate change also seriously influences on livestock production by interfering with growth, reproduction, and production. Livestock, on the other hand, is blamed for being a significant contributor to climate change, emitting 8.1 gigatonnes of CO2-eq per year and accounting for two-thirds of global ammonia emissions. Methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) are three major greenhouse gases (GHG) that are primarily produced by enteric fermentation, feed production, diet management, and total product output. Ruminants account for three-quarters of total CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions from the livestock sector. The global dairy sector alone emits 4.0% of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Hence, dairy farming needs to engage in environmental impact assessment. Public concern for a sustainable and environmentally friendly farming system is growing, resulting in the significant importance of food-based life cycle assessment (LCA). Over the last decade, LCA has been used in agriculture to assess total GHG emissions associated with products such as milk and manure. It includes the production of farm inputs, farm emissions, milk processing, transportation, consumer use, and waste. LCA studies on milk production would assist us in identifying the specific production processes/areas that contribute to excessive greenhouse gas emissions when producing milk and recommending appropriate mitigation strategies to be implemented for a clean, green, and resilient environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunasalam Singaravadivelan
- Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, KVASU, Mannuthy, 680 651, Kerala, India.
| | - Patil B Sachin
- Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, KVASU, Mannuthy, 680 651, Kerala, India
| | - S Harikumar
- Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, KVASU, Mannuthy, 680 651, Kerala, India
| | - Periyasamy Vijayakumar
- Livestock Farm Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, 614 625, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M V Vindhya
- Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, KVASU, Mannuthy, 680 651, Kerala, India
| | - F M Beegum Farhana
- Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, KVASU, Mannuthy, 680 651, Kerala, India
| | - K K Rameesa
- Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, KVASU, Mannuthy, 680 651, Kerala, India
| | - Joseph Mathew
- Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, KVASU, Mannuthy, 680 651, Kerala, India
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Thorsteinsson M, Maigaard M, Lund P, Weisbjerg M, Nielsen M. Effect of fumaric acid in combination with Asparagopsis taxiformis or nitrate on in vitro gas production, pH, and redox potential. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:335-339. [PMID: 37727239 PMCID: PMC10505769 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in enteric methane (CH4) emissions from cattle can be achieved through use of feed additives, which often results in increased emission of hydrogen (H2). The objective of this study was to investigate in vitro effects of a known hydrogen sink, fumaric acid, in combination with either of 2 methane inhibitors, the macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis or nitrate, on CH4 and H2 production, feed degradability, pH, and redox potential. A corn silage (0.5 g; control) was incubated in buffered rumen fluid with the addition of 0.025 g of nitrate (Nit), 0.025 g of dried A. taxiformis (Asp), 0.025 g of nitrate + 0.025 g of fumaric acid (Nit+Fum), or 0.025 g of dried A. taxiformis + 0.025 g of fumaric acid (Asp+Fum). Accumulated gas production was determined using the AnkomRF system equipped with airtight gasbags. There were 9 replicates per treatment with 3 replicates per treatment stopped after 24, 36, and 48 h of incubation. The amount of undegraded feed was determined by filtration. Gas composition was determined by gas chromatography. Degradable dry matter, degradable organic matter, pH, redox potential, and gas production data were analyzed using a mixed model. Asp and Asp+Fum reduced CH4 production by 98% or greater at all incubation times, whereas Nit and Nit+Fum reduced CH4 production (mL of CH4/g of dry matter) by 52% to 63% compared with the control. Hydrogen was only detectable in gas from Asp and Asp+Fum treatments, with no difference in H2 production between the 2 treatments. The treatments had only minor effects on redox potential in the fermented rumen fluid, and pH was lowest for treatments including A. taxiformis. In conclusion, both A. taxiformis and nitrate reduced CH4 production. Fumaric acid in combination with A. taxiformis did not reduce H2 production, and treatments including nitrate did not result in any detectable levels of H2. Future dose-response in vitro studies will contribute to investigating the potential of fumaric acid as a hydrogen sink during CH4 mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P. Lund
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, AU Viborg–Research Centre Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M.R. Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, AU Viborg–Research Centre Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M.O. Nielsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, AU Viborg–Research Centre Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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34
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Lileikis T, Nainienė R, Bliznikas S, Uchockis V. Dietary Ruminant Enteric Methane Mitigation Strategies: Current Findings, Potential Risks and Applicability. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2586. [PMID: 37627377 PMCID: PMC10451764 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the current state of knowledge regarding the effectiveness of different dietary ruminant enteric methane mitigation strategies and their modes of action together with the issues discussed regarding the potential harms/risks and applicability of such strategies. By investigating these strategies, we can enhance our understanding of the mechanisms by which they influence methane production and identify promising approaches for sustainable mitigation of methane emissions. Out of all nutritional strategies, the use of 3-nitrooxypropanol, red seaweed, tannins, saponins, essential oils, nitrates, and sulfates demonstrates the potential to reduce emissions and receives a lot of attention from the scientific community. The use of certain additives as pure compounds is challenging under certain conditions, such as pasture-based systems, so the potential use of forages with sufficient amounts of plant secondary metabolites is also explored. Additionally, improved forage quality (maturity and nutrient composition) might help to further reduce emissions. Red seaweed, although proven to be very effective in reducing emissions, raises some questions regarding the volatility of the main active compound, bromoform, and challenges regarding the cultivation of the seaweed. Other relatively new methods of mitigation, such as the use of cyanogenic glycosides, are also discussed in this article. Together with nitrates, cyanogenic glycosides pose serious risks to animal health, but research has proven their efficacy and safety when control measures are taken. Furthermore, the risks of nitrate use can be minimized by using probiotics. Some of the discussed strategies, namely monensin or halogenated hydrocarbons (as pure compounds), demonstrate efficacy but are unlikely to be implemented widely because of legal restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Lileikis
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feedstuffs, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Žebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania;
| | - Rasa Nainienė
- Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Žebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania;
| | - Saulius Bliznikas
- Analytical Laboratory, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Žebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania;
| | - Virginijus Uchockis
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feedstuffs, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Žebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania;
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Generalić Mekinić I, Šimat V, Rathod NB, Hamed I, Čagalj M. Algal Carotenoids: Chemistry, Sources, and Application. Foods 2023; 12:2768. [PMID: 37509860 PMCID: PMC10379930 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the isolation and identification of various biologically active secondary metabolites from algae have been of scientific interest, with particular attention paid to carotenoids, widely distributed in various photosynthetic organisms, including algal species. Carotenoids are among the most important natural pigments, with many health-promoting effects. Since the number of scientific studies on the presence and profile of carotenoids in algae has increased exponentially along with the interest in their potential commercial applications, this review aimed to provide an overview of the current knowledge (from 2015) on carotenoids detected in different algal species (12 microalgae, 21 green algae, 26 brown algae, and 43 red algae) to facilitate the comparison of the results of different studies. In addition to the presence, content, and identification of total and individual carotenoids in various algae, the method of their extraction and the main extraction parameters were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Generalić Mekinić
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vida Šimat
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, R. Boškovića 37, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Nikheel Bhojraj Rathod
- Department of Post Harvest Management of Meat, Poultry and Fish, PG Institute of Post Harvest Technology & Management (Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli), District Raigad, Killa-Roha 402 116, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Imen Hamed
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martina Čagalj
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, R. Boškovića 37, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
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Reyes DC, Meredith J, Puro L, Berry K, Kersbergen R, Soder KJ, Quigley C, Donihue M, Cox D, Price NN, Brito AF. Maine organic dairy producers' receptiveness to seaweed supplementation and effect of Chondrus crispus on enteric methane emissions in lactating cows. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1153097. [PMID: 37483286 PMCID: PMC10356979 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1153097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a growing interest in utilizing seaweed in ruminant diets for mitigating enteric methane (CH4) emissions while improving animal health. Chondrus crispus is a red seaweed that grows in the Gulf of Maine (United States) and has shown to suppress CH4 production in vitro. Organic dairy producers in Maine are currently feeding seaweed due to herd health promoting benefits. However, large-scale adoption depends on technical and financial factors, as well as validation from pilot studies. Methods A survey was developed to identify barriers and drivers towards the adoption of CH4-reducing algal-based feeds. Concurrently, a randomized complete block design study was conducted to investigate the effect of C. crispus on enteric CH4 emissions and milk production in a typical Maine organic dairy farm. Twenty-two organically certified Holstein and Jersey cows averaging 29 ± 6.8 kg of milk/d and 150 ± 69 days in milk, were blocked and randomly assigned to a control diet without C. crispus (0CC), or with 6% [dry matter (DM) basis] C. crispus (6CC). Samples were collected on the last week of the 2-wk covariate period, and wk 3, 5, 8, and 10 after initiation of treatments for a total of 12 weeks. Gaseous emissions were measured using a GreenFeed unit. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with repeated measures over time. Results All survey respondents (n = 35; 54% response rate) were familiar with seaweeds as feed, and 34% were already users. Producers who were willing to pay 0.64 USD/cow/d on average for a CH4-reducing algal-based feed, also stated the need for co-benefits in terms of cattle health and performance as a requirement for adoption. Feeding 6CC decreased enteric CH4 production by 13.9% compared with 0CC (401 vs. 466 g/d). Further, milk yield (mean = 27.1 kg/d), CH4 intensity (mean = 15.2 g of CH4/kg of energy corrected milk), and concentrations and yields of milk fat and true protein were not affected by treatments. Discussion Producer receptiveness to CH4-reducing algal-based feeds will not only be dependent on purchase price, but also on co-benefits and simplicity of integration into existing feed practices. Feeding C. crispus at 6% of the diet DM decreased CH4 production in dairy cows by 13.9% without negative effects on milk yield and composition. Identifying the bioactive compounds in C. crispus is critical to understand the effect of this red seaweed on mitigating enteric CH4 emissions in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Reyes
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Jennifer Meredith
- Department of Economics, Colby College, Waterville, ME, United States
| | - Leah Puro
- Wolfe’s Neck Center for the Agriculture and the Environment, Freeport, ME, United States
| | - Katherine Berry
- Wolfe’s Neck Center for the Agriculture and the Environment, Freeport, ME, United States
| | | | - Kathy J. Soder
- USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Charlotte Quigley
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, United States
| | - Michael Donihue
- Department of Economics, Colby College, Waterville, ME, United States
| | - Dorn Cox
- Wolfe’s Neck Center for the Agriculture and the Environment, Freeport, ME, United States
| | - Nichole N. Price
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, United States
| | - Andre F. Brito
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
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Jones N. Fungi bacon and insect burgers: a guide to the proteins of the future. Nature 2023; 619:26-28. [PMID: 37402801 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
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Wasson DE, Stefenoni H, Cueva SF, Lage C, Räisänen SE, Melgar A, Fetter M, Hennessy M, Narayan K, Indugu N, Pitta D, Yarish C, Hristov AN. Screening macroalgae for mitigation of enteric methane in vitro. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9835. [PMID: 37330586 PMCID: PMC10276865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of 67 species of macroalgae on methanogenesis and rumen fermentation in vitro. Specimens were analyzed for their effect on ruminal fermentation and microbial community profiles. Incubations were carried out in an automated gas production system for 24-h and macroalgae were tested at 2% (feed dry matter basis) inclusion rate. Methane yield was decreased 99% by Asparagopsis taxiformis (AT) when compared with the control. Colpomenia peregrina also decreased methane yield 14% compared with control; no other species influenced methane yield. Total gas production was decreased 14 and 10% by AT and Sargassum horneri compared with control, respectively. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was decreased between 5 and 8% by 3 macroalgae, whereas AT reduced it by 10%. Molar proportion of acetate was decreased 9% by AT, along with an increase in propionate by 14%. Asparagopsis taxiformis also increased butyrate and valerate molar proportions by 7 and 24%, respectively, whereas 3 macroalgae species decreased molar proportion of butyrate 3 to 5%. Vertebrata lanosa increased ammonia concentration, whereas 3 other species decreased it. Inclusion of AT decreased relative abundance of Prevotella, Bacteroidales, Firmicutes and Methanobacteriaceae, whereas Clostridium, Anaerovibrio and Methanobrevibacter were increased. Specific gene activities for Methanosphaera stadtmane and Methanobrevibacter ruminantium were decreased by AT inclusion. In this in vitro study, Asparagopsis taxiformis was most effective in decreasing methane concentration and yield, but also decreased total gas production and VFA concentration which indicates overall inhibition of ruminal fermentation. No other macroalgae were identified as potential mitigants of enteric methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Wasson
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - H Stefenoni
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - S F Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - C Lage
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - S E Räisänen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Melgar
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Agricultural Innovation Institute of Panama (IDIAP), 161 Carlos Lara Street, City of Knowledge, 07144, Panama
| | - M Fetter
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - M Hennessy
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - K Narayan
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - N Indugu
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - D Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - C Yarish
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Stamford, CT, 06901, USA
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Canul-Ku LA, Sanginés-García JR, Urquizo EA, Canul-Solís JR, Valdivieso-Pérez IA, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Molina-Botero I, Arango J, Piñeiro-Vázquez ÁT. Effect of Pelagic Sargassum on In Vitro Dry Matter and Organic Matter Degradation, Gas Production, and Protozoa Population. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1858. [PMID: 37889796 PMCID: PMC10252004 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined the effect of pelagic Sargassum on in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradation, total gas production (TGP), and protozoa population. The treatments were different levels of Sargassum inclusion on a basal substrate (Stargrass hay; Cynodon nlemfuensis) as follows: T0 (control treatment based on Stargrass hay), T10 (90% Stargrass hay + 10% Sargassum), T20 (80% Stargrass hay + 20% Sargassum), and T30 (70% Stargrass hay + 30% Sargassum). Ruminal fermentation kinetics and protozoa population were determined during 72 h of in vitro incubations. Compared to control, dry matter degradability at 48 and 72 h and organic matter degradability at 24 and 48 h were higher in Sargassum treatments. TGP was lower with T20 at 48 h. The total population of protozoa and the concentration of Entodinium spp. were lower at T20 at 48 h and T30 at 72 h. Cl, S, Ca, K, and Zn (103, 5.97, 88.73, 285.70 g/kg, and 15,900 mg/kg) were high in Sargassum, reaching twice or even nine times higher than the contents in Stargrass (11.37, 1.60, 43.53, 87.73 g/kg, and 866.67 mg/kg). Overall, up to 30% pelagic Sargassum could be included in hay-based substrates from tropical grasses without negative effects on in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Canul-Ku
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal 97345, Mexico
| | | | - Edgar Aguilar Urquizo
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal 97345, Mexico
| | | | | | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, P.O. Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico R. Aldama Km 1, Chihuahua 31031, Mexico
| | - Isabel Molina-Botero
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali A.A. 6713, Colombia (J.A.)
| | - Jacobo Arango
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali A.A. 6713, Colombia (J.A.)
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O’Hara E, Terry SA, Moote P, Beauchemin KA, McAllister TA, Abbott DW, Gruninger RJ. Comparative analysis of macroalgae supplementation on the rumen microbial community: Asparagopsis taxiformis inhibits major ruminal methanogenic, fibrolytic, and volatile fatty acid-producing microbes in vitro. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1104667. [PMID: 37077241 PMCID: PMC10109387 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1104667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds have received a great deal of attention recently for their potential as methane-suppressing feed additives in ruminants. To date, Asparagopsis taxiformis has proven a potent enteric methane inhibitor, but it is a priority to identify local seaweed varieties that hold similar properties. It is essential that any methane inhibitor does not compromise the function of the rumen microbiome. In this study, we conducted an in vitro experiment using the RUSITEC system to evaluate the impact of three red seaweeds, A. taxiformis, Palmaria mollis, and Mazzaella japonica, on rumen prokaryotic communities. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that A. taxiformis had a profound effect on the microbiome, particularly on methanogens. Weighted Unifrac distances showed significant separation of A. taxiformis samples from the control and other seaweeds (p < 0.05). Neither P. mollis nor M. japonica had a substantial effect on the microbiome (p > 0.05). A. taxiformis reduced the abundance of all major archaeal species (p < 0.05), leading to an almost total disappearance of the methanogens. Prominent fiber-degrading and volatile fatty acid (VFA)-producing bacteria including Fibrobacter and Ruminococcus were also inhibited by A. taxiformis (p < 0.05), as were other genera involved in propionate production. The relative abundance of several other bacteria including Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Succinivibrio, Ruminobacter, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae were increased by A. taxiformis suggesting that the rumen microbiome adapted to an initial perturbation. Our study provides baseline knowledge of microbial dynamics in response to seaweed feeding over an extended period and suggests that feeding A. taxiformis to cattle to reduce methane may directly, or indirectly, inhibit important fiber-degrading and VFA-producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert J. Gruninger
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Romero P, Huang R, Jiménez E, Palma-Hidalgo JM, Ungerfeld EM, Popova M, Morgavi DP, Belanche A, Yáñez-Ruiz DR. Evaluating the effect of phenolic compounds as hydrogen acceptors when ruminal methanogenesis is inhibited in vitro – Part 2. Dairy goats. Animal 2023; 17:100789. [PMID: 37087998 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Most mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane (CH4) production in the rumen induce an excess of rumen dihydrogen (H2) that is expelled and consequently not redirected to the synthesis of metabolites that can be utilised by the ruminant. We hypothesised that phenolic compounds can be potential H2 acceptors when added to the diet, as they can be degraded to compounds that may be beneficial for the animal, using part of the H2 available when ruminal methanogenesis is inhibited. We performed four in vitro incubation experiments using rumen inoculum from Murciano-Granadina adult goats: Experiment 1 examined the inhibitory potential of Asparagopsis taxiformis (AT) at different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% of the substrate on a DM basis) in 24 h incubations; Experiment 2 investigated the effect of a wide range of phenolic compounds (phenol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol, gallic acid and formic acid) at different doses (0, 2, 4, and 6 mM) on rumen fermentation for 24 h; Experiment 3 evaluated the combined effect of each phenolic compound at 6 mM with AT at 2% DM in sequential batch cultures for 5 days; and Experiment 4 examined the dose-response effect of phloroglucinol at different concentrations (0, 6, 16, 26 and 36 mM) combined with AT in sequential batch cultures for 5 days. Results from Experiment 1 confirmed that AT at 2% DM substantially inhibited CH4 production while significantly increasing H2 accumulation and decreasing the acetate:propionate ratio. Results from Experiment 2 showed that phenolic compounds did not negatively affect rumen fermentation at any dose. In Experiment 3, each phenolic compound at 6 mM combined with AT at 2% DM inhibited CH4 production. Phloroglucinol numerically decreased H2 accumulation and significantly increased total gas production (TGP), volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and the acetate:propionate ratio. In Experiment 4, phloroglucinol at increasing doses supplemented with AT at 2% DM significantly decreased H2 accumulation and the abundances of archaea, protozoa and fungi abundances, and increased TGP, total VFA production and the acetate:propionate ratio in a dose-dependent way. In conclusion, combined treatment with AT and phloroglucinol was successful to mitigate CH4 production while preventing the accumulation of H2, leading to an increase in acetate and total VFA production and therefore an improvement in rumen fermentation in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Romero
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - R Huang
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - E Jiménez
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - J M Palma-Hidalgo
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - E M Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Temuco 4880000, Chile
| | - M Popova
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - D P Morgavi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - A Belanche
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D R Yáñez-Ruiz
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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Effect of incremental amounts of Asparagopsis taxiformis on ruminal fermentation and methane production in continuous culture with orchardgrass herbage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Huang R, Romero P, Belanche A, Ungerfeld E, Yanez-Ruiz D, Morgavi D, Popova M. Evaluating the effect of phenolic compounds as hydrogen acceptors when ruminal methanogenesis is inhibited in vitro – Part 1. Dairy cows. Animal 2023; 17:100788. [PMID: 37087996 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Some antimethanogenic feed additives for ruminants promote rumen dihydrogen (H2) accumulation potentially affecting the optimal fermentation of diets. We hypothesised that combining an H2 acceptor with a methanogenesis inhibitor can decrease rumen H2 build-up and improve the production of metabolites that can be useful for the host ruminant. We performed three in vitro incubation experiments using rumen fluid from lactating Holstein cows: Experiment 1 examined the effect of phenolic compounds (phenol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol, and gallic acid) at 0, 2, 4, and 6 mM on ruminal fermentation for 24 h; Experiment 2 examined the combined effect of each phenolic compound from Experiment 1 at 6 mM with two different methanogenesis inhibitors (Asparagopsis taxiformis or 2-bromoethanesulfonate (BES)) for 24 h incubation; Experiment 3 examined the effect of a selected phenolic compound, phloroglucinol, with or without BES over a longer term using sequential incubations for seven days. Results from Experiment 1 showed that phenolic compounds, independently of the dose, did not negatively affect rumen fermentation, whereas results from Experiment 2 showed that phenolic compounds did not decrease H2 accumulation or modify CH4 production when methanogenesis was decreased by up to 75% by inhibitors. In Experiment 3, after three sequential incubations, phloroglucinol combined with BES decreased H2 accumulation by 72% and further inhibited CH4 production, compared to BES alone. Interestingly, supplementation with phloroglucinol (alone or in combination with the CH4 inhibitor) decreased CH4 production by 99% and the abundance of methanogenic archaea, with just a nominal increase in H2 accumulation. Supplementation of phloroglucinol also increased total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate, butyrate, and total gas production, and decreased ammonia concentration. This study indicates that some phenolic compounds, particularly phloroglucinol, which are naturally found in plants, could improve VFA production, decrease H2 accumulation and synergistically decrease CH4 production in the presence of antimethanogenic compounds.
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Krizsan SJ, Ramin M, Chagas JCC, Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau A, Singh A, Schnürer A, Danielsson R. Effects on rumen microbiome and milk quality of dairy cows fed a grass silage-based diet supplemented with the macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1112969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects on rumen microbiome and milk quality of reducing the methane (CH4) produced from enteric fermentation by the addition of Asparagopsis taxiformis (AT) to the diets of dairy cows. Six Nordic Red cows at 122 ± 13.7 (mean ± SD) days in milk, of parity 2.7 ± 0.52 and producing 36 kg ± 2.5 kg milk per day at the start of the trial were divided into three blocks by milk yield and assigned to an extra-period Latin-square change-over design comprising two dietary treatments. An extra period of observation was added to the Latin-square change-over design to control for carry-over effects. The dietary treatments were a diet consisting of grass silage and a commercial concentrate mixture (60:40) either not supplemented or supplemented with 0.5% AT on an organic matter intake basis. On average, daily CH4 production, CH4 yield, and CH4 intensity decreased by 60%, 54%, and 58%, respectively, in cows fed the diet supplemented with AT. Furthermore, hydrogen gas emitted by cows fed diets supplemented with AT increased by more than five times compared with cows fed a non-AT-supplemented diet. Feed intake was decreased and milk production altered, reflecting a decreased yield of milk fat in cows fed an AT-supplemented diet, but feed efficiency increased. Rumen fermentation parameters were changed to promote propionate rather than acetate and butyrate fermentation. The most prominent change in milk quality was an increase in bromine and iodine when the diet was supplemented with AT. The reduction in CH4 was associated with a shift from Methanobrevibacter to Methanomethylophilaceae in the archaeal population and a lower relative abundance of Prevotella in the bacterial population. Changes in milk fat odd-numbered and branched-chain fatty acids in the current study of AT supplementation support observed differences in ruminal archaeal and bacterial populations.
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Micro- and Macro-Algae Combination as a Novel Alternative Ruminant Feed with Methane-Mitigation Potential. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050796. [PMID: 36899652 PMCID: PMC10000192 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to provide alternative high-quality feed and to reduce methane production using a mixture of the minimum effective levels of Euglena gracilis, EG, and Asparagopsis taxiformis, AT. This study was performed as a 24 h in vitro batch culture. Chemical analysis demonstrated that EG is a highly nutritive material with 26.1% protein and 17.7% fat. The results showed that the supplementation of AT as a feed additive at 1 and 2.5% of the diet reduced methane production by 21 and 80%, respectively, while the inclusion of EG in the diet at 10 and 25% through partially replacing the concentrate mixture reduced methane production by 4 and 11%, respectively, with no adverse effects on fermentation parameters. The mixtures of AT 1% with both EG 10% and EG 25% had a greater reductive potential than the individual supplementation of these algae in decreasing methane yield by 29.9% and 40.0%, respectively, without adverse impacts on ruminal fermentation characteristics. These results revealed that the new feed formulation had a synergistic effect in reducing methane emissions. Thus, this approach could provide a new strategy for a sustainable animal production industry.
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Enteric Methane Emissions in Dairy Cows with Different Genetic Groups in the Humid Tropics of Costa Rica. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040730. [PMID: 36830517 PMCID: PMC9952661 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric methane (CH4) is one of the main greenhouse gases emitted in livestock production systems with ruminants. Among the options to reduce such emissions, animal genetics is one of the factors that is taking relevance in recent years. The aim of the present study was to assess the emission of enteric CH4 in dairy cows with different genetic backgrounds. Sixteen cows belonging to the following three genetic groups were selected for this study: seven F1 (50% Jersey × 50% Gyr), five Triple cross (50% Jersey × 31% Holstein × 19% Sahiwal) and four Jersey. Enteric CH4 emissions were measured in all cows for 15 months, at the middle of each month, using the SF6 technique. Enteric CH4 emissions did not differ (p > 0.05) among genetic groups, although it varied with the stage of lactation, due to differences in milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI). Pasture DMI and the intensity of CH4 emissions (g kg-1 DMI) differed (p < 0.05) between dry and lactating cows, with higher DMI in the lactation period, while CH4 emission intensity was higher for dry cows. Cows with the highest proportion of Bos taurus genes presented a higher annual mean methane conversion factor (Ym), with 7.22, 7.05 and 5.90% for the Triple cross, purebred Jersey and F1, respectively. In conclusion, non-significant differences in enteric CH4 emissions and Ym were detected among dairy cows with different genetic backgrounds. However, F1 cows tended to show lower enteric CH4 emission and Ym, compared to those with more Bos taurus genes.
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Parra MC, Forwood DL, Chaves AV, Meale SJ. In vitro screening of anti-methanogenic additives for use in Australian grazing systems. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1123532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable effort to develop and optimise additives to reduce methane emissions from cattle, little information on additive effectiveness exists for cattle under grazing scenarios. As the majority of Australian cattle production occurs on grazing land it is pertinent to report on the use of additives under simulated conditions. The current study evaluated the addition of nine additives to Rhodes grass hay under in vitro conditions, to estimate their impact on methane (CH4), gas production, and rumen fermentation parameters (volatile fatty acids, rumen pH and in vitro dry matter digestibility [IVDMD]). Citral extract at 0.1% of rumen media decreased all CH4 production parameters, but reduced gas production and digestibility, compared to a 100% hay control. Similarly, Sandalwood essential oil decreased CH4 production at 48 h, IVDMD and gas production, compared to the control. Biochar + nitrates at 5 and 8% DM, and Biochar + Asparagopsis at 5% DM decreased cumulative CH4 production (15.6%, 25.9%, 23.8%, respectively; P < 0.01), compared to the control. No changes in IVDMD and gas production were observed. As such, the biochar additives were considered the most promising additives from those evaluated with a substrate designed to replicate Australian grazing systems.
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Meo-Filho P, Hood J, Lee MRF, Fleming H, Meethal ME, Misselbrook T. Performance and enteric methane emissions from housed beef cattle fed silage produced on pastures with different forage profiles. Animal 2023; 17:100726. [PMID: 36921381 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Methane (CH4) produced by ruminants is a significant source of greenhouse gases from agriculture in the United Kingdom (UK), accounting for approximately 50% of the emissions in this sector. Ration modification is linked to changes in rumen fermentation and can be an effective means of CH4 abatement. In temperate climate countries, forage silage represents a major feed component for cattle during the housing period. The objective of this study was, therefore, to compare enteric CH4 emission from cattle offered silage produced from different types of grassland. Beef cattle, steers (n = 89) and heifers (n = 88) with average liveweight (LW) of 328 ± 57.1 kg were evaluated during two housing seasons (2016-2017 and 2017-2018) from November to April, at the Rothamsted Research North Wyke Farm Platform (UK). The treatments corresponded to three diet types, comprising silage harvested from three different pastures: MRG, monoculture of perennial ryegrass (PRG, Lolium perenne L.cv. AberMagic), bred to express the high-sugar phenotype; RG-WC, a mixed sward comprised of the same perennial ryegrass cultivar with white clover (Trifolium repens L.) with a target clover proportion of 30% as land cover; and permanent pasture (PP) dominated by PRG and a small number of non-introduced species. MRG and PP received 160-200 kg N/ha/year. Cattle were weighed every 30 days, and the enteric CH4 emission was determined using GreenFeed automated systems. No significant differences in enteric CH4 emission per head or per kg LW were observed between treatments. However, emission expressed per average daily gain (ADG) in LW was greater (P < 0.001) for MRG compared with RG-WC and PP, at 270, 248 and 235 g CH4/kg ADG, respectively. This related to a lower ADG (P = 0.041) for the animals fed MRG silage compared with RG-WC and PP which were similar, with respective values of 0.67, 0.71 and 0.74 kg/day. The forages compared in this study showed little or no potential to reduce enteric CH4 emission when fed as silage to growing beef cattle during the winter housing period.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Meo-Filho
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research - North Wyke (Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, EX20 2SB, Okehampton, Devon), United Kingdom.
| | - J Hood
- Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Rothamsted Research (West Common, AL5 2JQ, Harpenden, Hertfordshire), United Kingdom
| | - M R F Lee
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research - North Wyke (Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, EX20 2SB, Okehampton, Devon), United Kingdom
| | - H Fleming
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research - North Wyke (Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, EX20 2SB, Okehampton, Devon), United Kingdom
| | - M E Meethal
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research - North Wyke (Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, EX20 2SB, Okehampton, Devon), United Kingdom
| | - T Misselbrook
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research - North Wyke (Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, EX20 2SB, Okehampton, Devon), United Kingdom
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Nyløy E, Prestløkken E, Eknæs M, Eikanger KS, Heldal Hagen L, Kidane A. Inclusion of Red Macroalgae ( Asparagopsis taxiformis) in Dairy Cow Diets Modulates Feed Intake, Chewing Activity and Estimated Saliva Secretion. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030489. [PMID: 36766377 PMCID: PMC9913350 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study assessed the effects of red macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis (AT)-included as an enteric methane inhibitor-in dairy cow diets on feed intake and eating-rumination behaviour. Fifteen early lactating Norwegian Red dairy cows were offered ad libitum access to drinking water and a total mixed ration (TMR) composed of 35% concentrate feed and 65% grass silage on a dry matter (DM) basis. The experiment lasted for 74 days with the first 22 days on a common diet used as the covariate period. At the end of the covariate period, the cows were randomly allocated into one of three dietary treatments: namely, 0% AT (control), 0.125% AT and 0.25% AT in the TMR. The TMR was offered in individual feed troughs with AT blended in a 400 g (w/w) water-molasses mixture. Eating-rumination behaviour was recorded for 11 days using RumiWatchSystem after feeding the experimental diets for 30 days. The 0.25% AT inclusion significantly reduced the DM intake (DMI). Time (min/d) spent on eating and eating in a head-down position increased with the increasing AT level in the diet, whereas rumination time was not affected. The greater time spent on eating head-down with the 0.25% AT group resulted in a significantly higher chewing index (min/kg DMI). Estimated saliva production per unit DMI (L/kg DMI, SE) increased from 10.9 (0.4) in the control to 11.3 (0.3) and 13.0 (0.3) in the 0.125% and 0.25% AT groups, respectively. This aligned with the measured ruminal fluid pH (6.09, 6.14, and 6.37 in the control, 0.125% AT and 0.25% AT groups, respectively). In conclusion, either the level of the water-molasses mixture used was not sufficient to mask the taste of AT, or the cows used it as a cue to sort out the AT. Studies with relatively larger numbers of animals and longer adaptation periods than what we used here, with varied modes of delivery of the seaweed may provide novel strategies for administering the additive in ruminant diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Nyløy
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Egil Prestløkken
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Margrete Eknæs
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Katrine Sømliøy Eikanger
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Live Heldal Hagen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Alemayehu Kidane
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-67232727
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Tedeschi LO, Beauchemin KA. Galyean appreciation club review: a holistic perspective of the societal relevance of beef production and its impacts on climate change. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad024. [PMID: 36645233 PMCID: PMC10022392 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides a science-based, data-driven perspective on the relevance of the beef herd in the U.S. to our society and greenhouse gas (GHG) contribution to climate change. Cattle operations are subject to criticism for their environmental burden, often based on incomplete information disseminated about their social, economic, nutritional, and ecological benefits and detriments. The 2019 data published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reported that U.S. beef cattle emitted 22.6% of the total agricultural emissions, representing about 2.2% of the total anthropogenic emissions of CO2 equivalent (CO2e). Simulations from a computer model developed to address global energy and climate challenges, set to use extreme improvements in livestock and crop production systems, indicated a potential reduction in global CO2e emissions of 4.6% but without significant enhancement in the temperature change by 2030. There are many natural and anthropogenic sources of CH4 emissions. Contrary to the increased contribution of peatlands and water reservoirs to atmospheric CO2e, the steady decrease in the U.S. cattle population is estimated to have reduced its methane (CH4) emissions by about 30% from 1975 to 2021. This CH4 emission deacceleration of 2.46 Mt CO2e/yr2 might be even more significant than reported. Many opportunities exist to mitigate CH4 emissions of beef production, leading to a realistic prospect of a 5% to 15% reduction in the short term after considering the overlapping impacts of combined strategies. Reduction strategies include feeding synthetic chemicals that inactivate the methyl-coenzyme M reductase (the enzyme that catalyzes the last step of methanogenesis in the rumen), red seaweed or algae extracts, ionophore antibiotics, phytochemicals (e.g., condensed tannins and essential oils), and other nutritional manipulations. The proposed net-zero concept might not solve the global warming problem because it will only balance future anthropogenic GHG emissions with anthropogenic removals, leaving global warming on a standby state. Recommendations for consuming red meat products should consider human nutrition, health, and disease and remain independent of controversial evidence of causational relationships with perceived negative environmental impacts of beef production that are not based on scientific data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis O Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-2471, USA
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
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