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Hellwig M, Diel P, Eisenbrand G, Grune T, Guth S, Henle T, Humpf HU, Joost HG, Marko D, Raupbach J, Roth A, Vieths S, Mally A. Dietary glycation compounds - implications for human health. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024; 54:485-617. [PMID: 39150724 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2362985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The term "glycation compounds" comprises a wide range of structurally diverse compounds that are formed endogenously and in food via the Maillard reaction, a chemical reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids. Glycation compounds produced endogenously are considered to contribute to a range of diseases. This has led to the hypothesis that glycation compounds present in food may also cause adverse effects and thus pose a nutritional risk to human health. In this work, the Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) summarized data on formation, occurrence, exposure and toxicity of glycation compounds (Part A) and systematically assessed potential associations between dietary intake of defined glycation compounds and disease, including allergy, diabetes, cardiovascular and renal disease, gut/gastrotoxicity, brain/cognitive impairment and cancer (Part B). A systematic search in Pubmed (Medline), Scopus and Web of Science using a combination of keywords defining individual glycation compounds and relevant disease patterns linked to the subject area of food, nutrition and diet retrieved 253 original publications relevant to the research question. Of these, only 192 were found to comply with previously defined quality criteria and were thus considered suitable to assess potential health risks of dietary glycation compounds. For each adverse health effect considered in this assessment, however, only limited numbers of human, animal and in vitro studies were identified. While studies in humans were often limited due to small cohort size, short study duration, and confounders, experimental studies in animals that allow for controlled exposure to individual glycation compounds provided some evidence for impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, cardiovascular effects and renal injury in response to oral exposure to dicarbonyl compounds, albeit at dose levels by far exceeding estimated human exposures. The overall database was generally inconsistent or inconclusive. Based on this systematic review, the SKLM concludes that there is at present no convincing evidence for a causal association between dietary intake of glycation compounds and adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hellwig
- Chair of Special Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrick Diel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sabine Guth
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Henle
- Chair of Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Georg Joost
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Raupbach
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Angelika Roth
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Xu Y, Huang M, Chen Y, Yu L, Wu M, Kang S, Lin Q, Zhang Q, Han L, Lin H, Ke P, Fu W, Tang Q, Yan J, Huang X. Development of simultaneous quantitation method for 20 free advanced glycation end products using UPLC-MS/MS and clinical application in kidney injury. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 242:116035. [PMID: 38367518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), derived from the non-enzymatic glycation reaction, are defined as glycotoxins in various diseases including aging, diabetes and kidney injury. Exploring AGEs as potential biomarkers for these diseases holds paramount significance. Nevertheless, the high chemical structural similarity and great heterogeneity among AGEs present a formidable challenge when it comes to the comprehensive, simultaneous, and accurate detection of multiple AGEs in biological samples. In this study, an UPLC/MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of 20 free AGEs in human serum was firstly established and applied to quantification of clinical samples from individuals with kidney injury. Simple sample preparation method through protein precipitation without derivatization was used. Method performances including imprecision, accuracy, sensitivity, linearity, and carryover were systematically validated. Intra- and inter- imprecision of 20 free AGEs were 1.93-5.94 % and 2.30-8.55 %, respectively. The method accuracy was confirmed with good recoveries ranging from 96.40 % to 103.25 %. The LOD and LOQ were 0.1-3.13 ng/mL and 0.5-6.25 ng/mL, respectively. Additionally, the 20 free AGEs displayed excellent linearity (R2 >0.9974) across a wide linear range (1.56-400 ng/mL). Finally, through simultaneous quantitation of 20 Free AGEs in 100 participants including kidney injury patient and healthy controls, we identified six free AGEs, including N6-carboxyethyl-L-arginine (CEA), N6-carboxymethyl-L-lysine (CML), methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolones (MG-H), N6-formyl-lysine, N6-carboxymethyl-L-arginine (CMA), and glyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone (G-H), could well distinguish kidney injury patients and healthy individuals. Among them, the levels of four free AGEs including CML, CEA, MG-H, and G-H strongly correlate with traditionally clinical markers of kidney disease. The high area under the curve (AUC) values (AUC=0.965) in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that these four free AGEs can be served as combined diagnostic biomarkers for the diagnosis of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Xu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Menghe Huang
- Affiliated Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Nanhai 528253, China
| | - Yingting Chen
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Lintao Yu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Meiran Wu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shiyue Kang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qiuyu Lin
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qiaoxuan Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Liqiao Han
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Haibiao Lin
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Peifeng Ke
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Wenjin Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523962, China
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Affiliated Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Nanhai 528253, China; Department of Endocrine Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanhai 528253, China.
| | - Jun Yan
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Xianzhang Huang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Wang D, Wang J, Liu X, Du K, Liu H, Yang X, Liu T, Liu Q, Wang M, Guo J. Quantifying carboxymethyl lysine and carboxyethyl lysine in human plasma: clinical insights into aging research using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:12. [PMID: 38454400 PMCID: PMC10919032 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to establish a methodology for determining carboxymethyl lysine (CML) and carboxyethyl lysine (CEL) concentrations in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The test results were also used for clinical aging research. METHODS Human plasma samples were incubated with aqueous perfluorovaleric acid (NFPA), succeeded by precipitation utilizing trichloroacetic acid, hydrolysis facilitated by hydrochloric acid, nitrogen drying, and ultimate re-dissolution utilizing NFPA, followed by filtration. Cotinine-D3 was added as an internal standard. The separation was performed on an Agela Venusil ASB C18 column (50 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a 5 mmol/L NFPA and acetonitrile/water of 60:40 (v/v) containing 0.15% formic acid. The multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for detecting CML, CEL, and cotinine-D3, with ion pairs m/z 205.2 > 84.1 (for quantitative) and m/z 205.2 > m/z 130.0 for CML, m/z 219.1 > 84.1 (for quantitative) and m/z 219.1 > m/z 130.1 for CEL, and m/z 180.1 > 80.1 for cotinine-D3, respectively. RESULTS The separation of CML and CEL was accomplished within a total analysis time of 6 minutes. The retention times of CML, CEL, and cotinine-D3 were 3.43 minutes, 3.46 minutes, and 4.50 minutes, respectively. The assay exhibited linearity in the concentration range of 0.025-1.500 μmol/L, with a lower limit of quantification of 0.025 μmol/L for both compounds. The relative standard deviations of intra-day and inter-day were both below 9%, and the relative errors were both within the range of ±4%. The average recoveries were 94.24% for CML and 97.89% for CEL. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the developed methodology is fast, highly sensitive, highly specific, reproducible, and suitable for the rapid detection of CML and CEL in clinical human plasma samples. The outcomes of the clinical research project on aging underscored the important indicative significance of these two indicators for research on human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daguang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Junshan Wang
- Iphase Pharma Laboratory, Iphase Pharma Services (Think Tank Research Center for Health Development Laboratory), Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xinghong Liu
- Iphase Pharma Laboratory, Iphase Pharma Services (Think Tank Research Center for Health Development Laboratory), Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Kehe Du
- Iphase Pharma Laboratory, Iphase Pharma Services (Think Tank Research Center for Health Development Laboratory), Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Iphase Pharma Laboratory, Iphase Pharma Services (Think Tank Research Center for Health Development Laboratory), Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Beijing Hospital Laboratory, National Center for Gerontology, No.1 of Dahua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Beijing Hospital Laboratory, National Center for Gerontology, No.1 of Dahua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Hospital Laboratory, National Center for Gerontology, No.1 of Dahua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Hospital Laboratory, National Center for Gerontology, No.1 of Dahua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Beijing Hospital Laboratory, National Center for Gerontology, No.1 of Dahua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100000, China.
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Blencowe LA, Božović A, Wong E, Kulasingam V, Cheung AM. Total serum pentosidine quantification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Bone Rep 2024; 20:101737. [PMID: 38317648 PMCID: PMC10839865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pentosidine (PEN) is an Advanced Glycation End-product (AGE) that is known to accumulate in bone collagen with aging and contribute to fracture risk. The PEN content in bone is correlated with serum PEN, making it an attractive, potential osteoporosis biomarker. We sought to develop a method for quantifying PEN in stored serum. After conducting a systematic narrative review of PEN quantification methodologies, we developed a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for quantifying total serum PEN. Our method is both sensitive and precise (LOD 2 nM, LOQ 5 nM, %CV < 6.5 % and recovery 91.2-100.7 %). Our method is also equivalent or better than other methods identified in our review. Additionally, LC-MS/MS avoids the pitfalls and limitations of using fluorescence as a means of detection and could be adapted to investigate a broad range of AGE compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsie A. Blencowe
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Božović
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evelyn Wong
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vathany Kulasingam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela M. Cheung
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Concentrations of N 6-Carboxymethyllysine (CML), N 6-Carboxyethyllysine (CEL), and Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (sRAGE) Are Increased in Psoriatic Patients. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121870. [PMID: 36551298 PMCID: PMC9775373 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, and often severe skin disease which is frequently associated with metabolic disorders and increased risk of cardiovascular complications. One of the postulated links is an intensified process of advanced protein glycation and/or glycoxidation. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess concentrations of N6-carboxymethyllysine (CML), N6-carboxyethyllysine (CEL), and soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) in psoriasis patients at different phases of the disease activity, in comparison to healthy individuals. The study material consisted of sera from psoriasis patients in active phase, in the remission phase, and healthy controls. Concentrations of CML, CEL, and sRAGE were determined using ELISA technique. In the patients with psoriasis (in both phases of the disease), concentrations of CML, CEL and sRAGE were significantly higher than in healthy individuals but they did not correlate with psoriasis area severity index (PASI) values. The remission of the disease was followed by a significant decrease in CML, CEL, and sRAGE concentrations when compared to active patients; however, these concentrations were still significantly higher than in the controls. Our data suggest that psoriasis is accompanied by an intense glycoxidation process and that high sRAGE levels seem to reflect permanent RAGE overstimulation.
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Chen Q, Li Y, Dong L, Shi R, Wu Z, Liu L, Zhang J, Wu Z, Pan D. Quantitative determination of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine in sterilized milk by isotope dilution UPLC-MS/MS method without derivatization and ion pair reagents. Food Chem 2022; 385:132697. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Corica D, Pepe G, Currò M, Aversa T, Tropeano A, Ientile R, Wasniewska M. Methods to investigate advanced glycation end-product and their application in clinical practice. Methods 2021; 203:90-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Role of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on dicarbonyl-albumin derived advanced glycation end products in vitro. Amino Acids 2021; 54:721-732. [PMID: 34424383 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycation is a non-enzymatic reaction that occurs between the free amino group of proteins and reducing sugars and/or lipids, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The reaction also produces reactive oxygen species that have detrimental effects on cellular and extracellular proteins. Aminoguanidine is a known inhibitor of AGEs, and some fatty acids are known to have a beneficial role in vivo by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the role of fatty acids on AGE formation has not been thoroughly reported. We investigated the role of a range of fatty acids in the formation of AGEs and their reactive intermediates using an in vitro BSA-dicarbonyl model. The model assessed a time-dependent (0-72 h) and dicarbonyl concentration (0-2 mM) -dependent studies for the optimal formation of AGEs. A 72 h time point was found to be optimal for the reaction of BSA with either methylglyoxal (MGO) or glyoxal (GO) to generate AGE-BSA complexes. When arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acids were included in the reaction, a significant decrease in protein-bound fluorescent AGEs was seen compared to the respective controls. In contrast, saturated and 18 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids showed no significant activity. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed saturated fatty acids significantly decreased the production of Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and Nε-carboxyethyllysine (CEL) from GO and MGO models, respectively, whilst increasing methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone (MG-H1). In contrast, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids did not significantly change either CEL or MG-H1 compared to no treatment controls whilst significantly reducing CML levels.
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The Assessment of Serum Concentrations of AGEs and Their Soluble Receptor (sRAGE) in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081021. [PMID: 34439640 PMCID: PMC8394539 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of the study was to determine serum concentrations of AGEs and their soluble receptor (sRAGE) in MS patients and healthy controls and to investigate their possible influence on disease activity. METHODS Serum concentrations of AGE and sRAGE in patients with MS and healthy controls were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The mean serum AGE concentration in patients with MS was higher than in healthy controls, whereas the mean serum sRAGE concentration was lower than in the control group. However, the differences were not statistically significant. In MS patients, serum AGE and sRAGE concentrations did not differ significantly, depending on the duration of the disease and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score. CONCLUSIONS Multiple sclerosis may be accompanied by disturbances of the AGE-sRAGE axis. However, further studies are warranted to confirm it. The duration of the disease and the degree of disability do not seem to affect the progression of the glycation process, particularly in the stable phase of the disease.
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Wu Y, Dong L, Wu Y, Wu D, Zhang Y, Wang S. Effect of methylglyoxal on the alteration in structure and digestibility of α-lactalbumin, and the formation of advanced glycation end products under simulated thermal processing. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2299-2307. [PMID: 33841846 PMCID: PMC8020911 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Dicarbonyl compounds (α-DCs) are a class of compounds generated during the thermal processing of food. Due to the high reactivity, α-DCs were endowed with the ability to react with food components thus lowering nutrition value and even leading to a potential risk for food safety. In this study, methylglyoxal (MG), the most abundant α-DCs, was selected to investigate the alteration effects on the structure and digestibility of α-lactalbumin (αLA) under thermal processing (60-100°C). The results showed that the modification degree of αLA by MG increased with the rise of processing temperature, accompanied by the significant changes in molecular weight, intrinsic fluorescence, and secondary structures of αLA. High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis identified that lysine (Lys) and arginine (Arg) are the modification sites, and Nε-(carboxyethyl)-L-lysine is the main modification type. Since the Lys and Arg are also the cleavage sites of trypsin, the digestibility of MG modified αLA (MG-αLA) by trypsin correspondingly decreased with an increase of processing temperature. The reacted Lys and Arg residues, and the protein-bound AGEs were quantified, and the contents were found to be highly dependent on the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuekun Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and HealthSchool of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Lu Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and HealthSchool of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yajing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and SafetyTianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjinChina
| | - Dongyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and SafetyTianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjinChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and HealthSchool of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and HealthSchool of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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Arakawa S, Suzuki R, Kurosaka D, Ikeda R, Hayashi H, Kayama T, Ohno RI, Nagai R, Marumo K, Saito M. Mass spectrometric quantitation of AGEs and enzymatic crosslinks in human cancellous bone. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18774. [PMID: 33139851 PMCID: PMC7606603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) deteriorate bone strength. Among over 40 species identified in vivo, AGEs other than pentosidine were roughly estimated as total fluorescent AGEs (tfAGEs) due to technical difficulties. Using LC-QqTOF-MS, we established a system that enabled the quantitation of five AGEs (CML, CEL, MG-H1, CMA and pentosidine) as well as two mature and three immature enzymatic crosslinks. Human bone samples were collected from 149 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. Their clinical parameters were collected to investigate parameters that may be predictive of AGE accumulation. All the analytes were quantitated and showed significant linearity with high sensitivity and precision. The results showed that MG-H1 was the most abundant AGE, whereas pentosidine was 1/200-1/20-fold less abundant than the other four AGEs. The AGEs were significantly and strongly correlated with pentosidine, while showing moderate correlation with tfAGEs. Interestingly, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that gender contributed most to the accumulation of all the AGEs, followed by age, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b and HbA1c. Furthermore, the AGEs were negatively correlated with immature crosslinks. Mass spectrometric quantitation of AGEs and enzymatic crosslinks is crucial to a better understanding of ageing- and disease-related deterioration of bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoutaro Arakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1, Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan.
| | - Ryusuke Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1, Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
| | - Daisaburo Kurosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Ryo Ikeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiroteru Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Rei-Ichi Ohno
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1, Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1, Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
| | - Keishi Marumo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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Naffa R, Gaar J, Zhang W, Maidment C, Shehadi I, Etxabide A, Holmes G, Kavianinia I, Brimble M. Rapid and simultaneous analysis of advanced glycation end products on silica hydride column: Comparison of ultraviolet, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry detectors. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafea Naffa
- NZ Leather and Shoe Research Association (LASRA®) Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Jakob Gaar
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- NZ Leather and Shoe Research Association (LASRA®) Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Catherine Maidment
- NZ Leather and Shoe Research Association (LASRA®) Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Ihsan Shehadi
- College of Science Department of Chemistry University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
| | - Alaitz Etxabide
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- ALITEC Research Group Department of Agronomy Biotechnology and Food School of Agricultural Engineering Public University of Navarre (upna/nup) Pamplona‐Iruña Spain
| | - Geoff Holmes
- NZ Leather and Shoe Research Association (LASRA®) Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Iman Kavianinia
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Margaret Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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13
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Effect of glycation on the structural modification of β-conglycinin and the formation of advanced glycation end products during the thermal processing of food. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Kim Y, Keogh JB, Deo P, Clifton PM. Differential Effects of Dietary Patterns on Advanced Glycation end Products: A Randomized Crossover Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061767. [PMID: 32545555 PMCID: PMC7353357 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are believed to contribute to pathogenesis of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to determine if a diet high in red and processed meat and refined grains (HMD) would elevate plasma concentrations of protein-bound AGEs compared with an energy-matched diet high in whole grain, dairy, nuts and legumes (HWD). We conducted a randomized crossover trial with two 4-week weight-stable dietary interventions in 51 participants without type 2 diabetes (15 men and 36 women aged 35.1 ± 15.6 y; body mass index (BMI), 27.7 ± 6.9 kg/m2). Plasma concentrations of protein-bound Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML), Nε-(1-carboxyethyl) lysine (CEL) and Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The HMD significantly increased plasma concentrations (nmol/mL) of CEL (1.367, 0.78 vs. 1.096, 0.65; p < 0.01; n = 48) compared with the HWD. No differences in CML and MG-H1 between HMD and HWD were observed. HMD increased plasma CEL concentrations compared with HWD in individuals without type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoona Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Jennifer B. Keogh
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (J.B.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Permal Deo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (J.B.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Peter M. Clifton
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (J.B.K.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8302-1357
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15
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Damasiewicz-Bodzek A, Łabuz-Roszak B, Kumaszka B, Tyrpień-Golder K. Carboxymethyllysine and carboxyethyllysine in multiple sclerosis patients. Arch Med Sci 2020; 20:736-742. [PMID: 39050184 PMCID: PMC11264072 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.95654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Advanced glycation end-products (AGE) are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of the study was to evaluate the intensity of the protein glycation process in patients with multiple sclerosis and its possible involvement in disease activity. Material and methods The study group (n = 45) consisted of patients suffering from MS, and the control group (n = 31) consisted of healthy adults. Concentrations of selected glycation markers such as carboxymethyllysine (CML) and carboxyethyllysine (CEL) in sera of patients with MS and healthy volunteers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Serum CML and CEL concentrations in patients with MS were higher than in healthy volunteers but only for CML the difference was statistically significant. CML concentrations positively correlated with CEL concentrations only in the healthy persons. In MS patients the serum CML and CEL concentrations did not differ significantly depending on the duration of the disease and depending on the EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) score. Conclusions Multiple sclerosis is accompanied by an intensification of protein glycation processes, especially within the pathways leading to the formation of carboxymethyllysine. The duration of the disease and the degree of motor impairment do not appear to affect the progression of the glycation processes. However, the disease process associated with multiple sclerosis may affect the relationship between CML and CEL concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beata Łabuz-Roszak
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
- Department of Neurology, Provincial Specialist Hospital, Opole, Poland
| | | | - Krystyna Tyrpień-Golder
- Department of Chemistry, School of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
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16
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O’Grady KL, Khosla S, Farr JN, Bondar OP, Atkinson EJ, Achenbach SJ, Eckhardt BA, Thicke BS, Tweed AJ, Volkman TL, Drake MT, Hines JM, Singh RJ. Development and Application of Mass Spectroscopy Assays for Nε-(1-Carboxymethyl)-L-Lysine and Pentosidine in Renal Failure and Diabetes. J Appl Lab Med 2020; 5:558-568. [PMID: 32445362 PMCID: PMC7192546 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed via the nonenzymatic glycation of sugars with amino acids. Two AGEs, Nε-(1-carboxymethyl)-L-Lysine (CML) and pentosidine, have been observed to be elevated in subjects suffering from a multitude of chronic disease states, and accumulation of these compounds may be related to the pathophysiology of disease progression and aging. METHODS We describe here the development and validation of a specific and reproducible LC-MS/MS method to quantify CML and pentosidine in human serum with lower limits of quantitation of 75 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL, respectively. The analyte calibration curve exhibited excellent linearity at a range of 0-10 900 ng/mL for CML and 0-800 ng/mL for pentosidine. High-low linearity of 5 serum pairs was assessed, with a mean recovery of 103% (range 94-116%) for CML, and 104% (range 97-116%) for pentosidine. RESULTS Serum concentrations of CML and pentosidine were quantified in 30 control and 30 subjects with chronic renal insufficiency. A significant increase in both analytes was observed in renal failure compared to control subjects (2.1-fold and 8.4-fold, respectively; P < 0.001 for both). In a separate cohort of 49 control versus 95 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), serum CML but not serum pentosidine, was significantly elevated in the T2DM patients, and CML was also correlated with glycemic control, as assessed by hemoglobin A1c (r = 0.34, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These mass spectroscopy-based assays for serum CML and pentosidine should be useful in accurately evaluating circulating levels of these key AGEs in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
- Address correspondence to: S.K. at College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Fax: 507-293-3853; e-mail . R.J.S. at College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Fax 507-293-3853; e-mail
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ravinder J Singh
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
- Address correspondence to: S.K. at College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Fax: 507-293-3853; e-mail . R.J.S. at College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Fax 507-293-3853; e-mail
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17
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Konings CJ, Schalkwijk CG, van der Sande FM, Leunissen KM, Kooman JP. Influence of Icodextrin on Plasma and Dialysate Levels of N∊-(Carboxymethyl)Lysine and N∊-(Carboxyethyl)Lysine. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080502500616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Standard peritoneal glucose solutions may induce the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Preliminary data suggest that AGE formation may be less with the use of polyglucose solutions (icodextrin). Therefore, we investigated whether the use of icodextrin for the long dwell would result in a reduction in plasma and dialysate levels of the AGE products N∊-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) and N∊-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL). Patients and Methods 40 patients were randomized to treatment with standard glucose solutions (1.36%) and icodextrin for the long dwell during a 4-month study period; 32 patients completed the study. CML was assessed by stable isotope dilution/tandem mass spectrometry. Results CML levels in plasma increased significantly in patients treated with icodextrin (0.146 ± 0.056 at start vs 0.188 ± 0.069 μmol/mmol Lys at the end of the study, p < 0.0001) but did not change in the control group (0.183 ± 0.090 vs 0.188 ± 0.085 μmol/mmol Lys). The same held true for CML levels in dialysate (0.28 ± 0.09 at start vs 0.33 ± 0.11 μmol/mmol Lys at the end of the study, p < 0.025). No change was observed in patients treated with the control solutions (0.31 ± 0.11 at start vs 0.31 ± 0.07 μmol/mmol Lys). Conclusion Contrary to the hypothesis, plasma and dialysate levels of CML increased in patients treated using icodextrin for the long dwell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantijn J. Konings
- Internal Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G. Schalkwijk
- Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank M. van der Sande
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Maastricht, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel M. Leunissen
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Maastricht, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen P. Kooman
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Maastricht, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Thornalley PJ. Measurement of Protein Glycation, Glycated Peptides, and Glycation Free Adducts. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080502500603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycation adducts, early glycation adducts, such as N∊-fructosyl-lysine, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are uremic toxins. Glycation adducts are found in plasma and tissue proteins (glycation adduct residues), in peptides (glycation adduct peptide residues), and glycated amino acids (glycation free adducts). The latter two analyte groups arise from proteolysis of glycated proteins and glycation of peptides and amino acids. Quantitation of glycation adducts in uremia is difficult because of the presence of many different AGEs at low concentrations in different forms in the presence of many potential interferences. Application of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) detection to plasma, urine, and dialysate samples of uremic patients has provided a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of glycation adducts in uremia. Glycation free adducts accumulate markedly in the plasma of uremic patients and are eliminated in the peritoneal dialysate. Multiple glycation adducts, and also protein oxidation and nitration adducts, may be quantified concurrently. Glycation free adducts are the major form of glycation adduct eliminated in dialysate. LC-MS/MS may now be used to quantify concentrations, extents of protein modification, clearances, and excretion rates of glycation adducts in uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Thornalley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
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19
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Dietary and Plasma Carboxymethyl Lysine and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α as Mediators of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference among Women in Indonesia. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123057. [PMID: 31847322 PMCID: PMC6950749 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary and plasma carboxymethyl lysine (dCML, pCML) and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (pTNF-α) may be associated with obesity in affluent society. However, evidence in women from low-middle income countries with predominantly traditional diets is lacking. We investigated the mediator effects of dCML, pCML and pTNF-α on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) among Indonesian women. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 235 non-diabetic, non-anemic and non-smoking women aged 19–50 years from selected mountainous and coastal areas of West Sumatra and West Java. Dietary CML, pCML, pTNF-α were obtained from 2 × 24-h recalls, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Between-group differences were analyzed by the Chi-square or Mann-Whitney test and mediator effects by Structural Equation Modeling. The medians and interquartile-ranges of dCML, pCML and pTNF-α were 2.2 (1.7–3.0) mg/day, 22.2 (17.2–28.2) ng/mL and 0.68 (0.52–1.00) IU/mL, respectively, and significantly higher in the WC ≥ 80 cm than in the WC < 80 cm group, but not in BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 compared to BMI < 25 kg/m2 group. Plasma CML and pTNF-α were positively and directly related to WC (β = 0.21 [95% CI: 0.09, 0.33] and β = 0.23 [95% CI: 0.11, 0.35], respectively). Dietary CML that correlated with dry-heat processing and cereals as the highest contributions was positively related to WC (β = 0.33 [95% CI: 0.12, 0.83]). Ethnicity, level of education, intake of fat, and intake of energy contributed to dCML, pCML and pTNF-α, and subsequently affected WC, while only ethnicity contributed to BMI through dCML, pCML and pTNF-α (β = 0.07 [95% CI: 0.01, 0.14]). A positive direct effect of dCML on pCML and of pCML and pTNF-α on WC was seen among Indonesian women. Dietary CML seems to have several paths that indirectly influence the increases in WC if compared to BMI. Thus, intake of CML-rich foods should be reduced, or the foods consumed in moderate amounts to avoid the risk of central obesity in this population.
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20
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Rankin NJ, Burgess K, Weidt S, Wannamethee G, Sattar N, Welsh P. High-throughput quantification of carboxymethyl lysine in serum and plasma using high-resolution accurate mass Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Ann Clin Biochem 2019; 56:397-407. [PMID: 30832481 PMCID: PMC6498755 DOI: 10.1177/0004563219830432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxymethyl lysine is an advanced glycation end product of interest as a potential biomarker of cardiovascular and other diseases. Available methods involve ELISA, with potential interference, or isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS), with low-throughput sample preparation. METHODS A high-throughput sample preparation method based on 96-well plates was developed. Protein-bound carboxymethyl lysine and lysine were quantified by IDMS using reversed phase chromatography coupled to a high-resolution accurate mass Orbitrap Exactive mass spectrometer. The carboxymethyl lysine concentration (normalized to lysine concentration) was measured in 1714 plasma samples from the British Regional Heart Study (BRHS). RESULTS For carboxymethyl lysine, the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was estimated at 0.16 μM and the assay was linear between 0.25 and 10 μM. For lysine, the LLOQ was estimated at 3.79 mM, and the assay was linear between 2.5 and 100 mM. The intra-assay coefficient of variation was 17.2% for carboxymethyl lysine, 9.3% for lysine and 10.5% for normalized carboxymethyl lysine. The inter-assay coefficient of variation was 18.1% for carboxymethyl lysine, 14.8 for lysine and 16.2% for normalized carboxymethyl lysine. The median and inter-quartile range of all study samples in each batch were monitored. A mean carboxymethyl lysine concentration of 2.7 μM (IQR 2.0-3.2 μM, range 0.2-17.4 μM) and a mean normalized carboxymethyl lysine concentration of 69 μM/M lysine (IQR 54-76 μM/M, range 19-453 μM/M) were measured in the BRHS. CONCLUSION This high-throughput sample preparation method makes it possible to analyse large cohorts required to determine the potential of carboxymethyl lysine as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi J Rankin
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (ICAMS), BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Glasgow Polyomics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karl Burgess
- Institute of Quantitive Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stefan Weidt
- Glasgow Polyomics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Goya Wannamethee
- Primary Care and Population Health, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (ICAMS), BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Welsh
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (ICAMS), BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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21
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Dong L, Wu Y, Wang W, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Wang S. Structural modification and digestibility change of β-lactoglobulin modified by methylglyoxal with the simulated reheating of dairy products. Food Chem 2019; 288:276-282. [PMID: 30902293 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A methylglyoxal (MG)-β-lactoglobulin (bLG) model was established to simulate reheating conditions (60-100 °C) to investigate the modification effect that α-dicarbonyl compounds had on protein structure and on the digestibility of milk protein. The results showed that bLG can be modified by MG, and the modification degree increased with the increase in reheating temperature. The reacted lysine and arginine as well as the generated protein-bound NƐ-carboxymethyllysine and NƐ-carboxyethyllysine in the modified bLG also increased with temperature. The high-resolution mass spectrometry results revealed that the modification site is at the lysine and arginine residue of bLG. Additionally, nine types of modifications were detected, and NƐ-carboxyethyllysine was the dominant modification product. The in vitro digestibility of MG-modified bLG clearly decreased with the increase in reheating temperature. This result was consistent with the degree of structural modification and could be explained by the specific action sites (lysine and arginine) of the digestive enzyme, which were modified by MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuekun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yajing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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22
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Li BQ, Zhong YC, Wang X. Plasma oxidized high-density lipoprotein and glycated apolipoprotein A-I concentrations in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with stress hyperglycaemia or high thrombus burden. Ups J Med Sci 2018; 123:158-166. [PMID: 30259778 PMCID: PMC6198222 DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2018.1494229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles exert many beneficial actions that may help protect against cardiovascular disease. However, recent work has demonstrated that HDL can be oxidized and glycated under certain circumstances and may become pro-atherogenic. The present study investigated the impact of oxidized high-density lipoprotein (ox-HDL) and glycated apolipoprotein A-I (gly-ApoA-I) in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS We assessed 55 consecutive patients with STEMI. Patients were divided into: (1) a stress hyperglycaemia (SH) and a no SH group; and (2) a high thrombus burden (HTB) group and a low thrombus burden (LTB) group. Meanwhile, 48 healthy volunteers were recruited as controls. Plasma ox-HDL and gly-ApoA-I concentrations were measured on admission and 7 days after admission. RESULTS Higher concentrations of ox-HDL and gly-ApoA-I were found in the STEMI group than in the control group on admission and at d7. Further subgroup analysis showed that ox-HDL and gly-ApoA-I were higher in the SH group than in the no SH group at both time points; the HTB group had higher ox-HDL and ox-HDL/HDL-C levels than the LTB group on admission and at d7. However, gly-ApoA-I and the relative intensity of ApoA-I glycation showed no significant differences between the HTB and LTB groups. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that: (1) SH is associated with increased plasma concentrations of ox-HDL and gly-ApoA-I and therefore aggressive treatment is recommended; and (2) that ox-HDL and ox-HDL/HDL-C were higher in the HTB group and may be used to quantify thrombus burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Qiang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Cheng Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- CONTACT Xiang Wang Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430022, P.R. China
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23
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Holik AK, Stöger V, Hölz K, Somoza MM, Somoza V. Impact of free N ε-carboxymethyllysine, its precursor glyoxal and AGE-modified BSA on serotonin release from human parietal cells in culture. Food Funct 2018; 9:3906-3915. [PMID: 29972203 PMCID: PMC6053975 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01045e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are frequently encountered in a western diet, in addition to their formation in vivo. N-Epsilon-carboxymethyllysine (CML), one of the chemically diverse compounds formed in the reaction between reducing carbohydrates and amines, is often used as a marker of advanced glycation, and has been shown to stimulate serotonin release from cells representing the central (SH-SY5Y cells) and the peripheral (Caco-2 cells) serotonin system in vitro. Here, we investigated the effect of glyoxal, free CML, and protein-linked AGE-BSA on serotonin release from human gastric tumour cells, which originate from an adenocarcinoma of the stomach and have recently been shown to be capable of serotonin synthesis and release. Microarray experiments showed both CML and glyoxal to alter genes associated with serotonin receptors. Furthermore, treatment with glyoxal resulted in a small change in RAGE expression while CML did not alter its expression. On a functional level, treatment with 500 μM CML increased extracellular serotonin content by 341 ± 241%, while treatment with 1 mg mL-1 AGE-BSA led to a reduction by 49 ± 11% compared to non-treated cells. The CML-induced serotonin release was reduced by the HTR3 antagonist granisetron. Incubation with the RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1 abolished the effect of AGE-BSA on serotonin release, while no impact on CML-induced serotonin release was observed. Furthermore, treatment with 5 mM CML stimulated proton secretion as a functional outcome measure, assessed using a pH sensitive dye. Taken together, these results indicate a likely HTR3-mediated, RAGE-independent effect of free CML on serotonin release and a RAGE-dependent mechanism for the protein linked AGE-BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Holik
- Department of Physiological Chemistry
, Faculty of Chemistry
, University of Vienna
,
Althanstraße 14
, 1090 Vienna
, Austria
.
; Fax: +43 1 4277 9706
; Tel: +43 1 4227 70601
| | - Verena Stöger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds
, Faculty of Chemistry
, University of Vienna
,
Althanstraße 14
, 1090 Vienna
, Austria
| | - Kathrin Hölz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
, Faculty of Chemistry
, University of Vienna
,
Althanstraße 14
, 1090 Vienna
, Austria
| | - Mark M. Somoza
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
, Faculty of Chemistry
, University of Vienna
,
Althanstraße 14
, 1090 Vienna
, Austria
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Physiological Chemistry
, Faculty of Chemistry
, University of Vienna
,
Althanstraße 14
, 1090 Vienna
, Austria
.
; Fax: +43 1 4277 9706
; Tel: +43 1 4227 70601
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds
, Faculty of Chemistry
, University of Vienna
,
Althanstraße 14
, 1090 Vienna
, Austria
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24
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Palma-Duran SA, Kontogianni MD, Vlassopoulos A, Zhao S, Margariti A, Georgoulis M, Papatheodoridis G, Combet E. Serum levels of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and the decoy soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE) can identify non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in age-, sex- and BMI-matched normo-glycemic adults. Metabolism 2018; 83:120-127. [PMID: 29409822 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious health problem affecting ~25% of the global population. While NAFLD pathogenesis is still unclear, multiple NAFLD parameters, including reduced insulin sensitivity, impaired glucose metabolism and increased oxidative stress are hypothesised to foster the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Given the link of AGEs with end organ damage, there is scope to examine the role of the AGE/RAGE axis activation in liver injury and NAFLD. METHODS Age, sex and body mass index matched normo-glycemic NAFLD adults (n = 58) and healthy controls (n = 58) were enrolled in the study. AGEs were analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CML, CEL), fluorescence (pentosidine, AGE fluorescence), colorimetry (fructosamine) and ELISA (sRAGE). Their association with liver function, inflammation, fibrosis and stage of NAFLD was examined. RESULTS Early and advanced glycation end-products, except Nε-carboxymethyl-L-lysine (CML), were 10-30% higher, sRAGE levels 1.7-fold lower, and glycation/sRAGE ratios 4-fold higher in the NAFLD cases compared to controls. While AGEs presented weak to moderate correlations with indices of liver function and damage (AST/ALT, HOMA-IR, TNF-α and TGF-β1), including sRAGE to characterize the AGEs/sRAGE axis strengthened the associations observed. High glycation/sRAGE ratios were associated with 1.3 to 14-fold likelihood of lower AST/ALT ratios. The sum of AGEs/sRAGE ratios accurately distinguished between healthy controls and NAFLD patients (area under the curve of 0.85). Elevated AGEs/sRAGE (>7.8 mmol/pmol) was associated with a 12-fold likelihood of the presence of NAFLD. CONCLUSION These findings strengthen the involvement of AGEs-RAGE axis in liver injury and the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A Palma-Duran
- Human Nutrition, New Lister Building, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Meropi D Kontogianni
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Vlassopoulos
- Human Nutrition, New Lister Building, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Shudong Zhao
- Human Nutrition, New Lister Building, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Aikaterini Margariti
- Department of Gastroenterology, Meedical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Georgoulis
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - George Papatheodoridis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Meedical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Greece
| | - Emilie Combet
- Human Nutrition, New Lister Building, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK.
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25
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Holik AK, Lieder B, Kretschy N, Somoza MM, Ley JP, Hans J, Somoza V. The advanced glycation end product N ϵ -carboxymethyllysine and its precursor glyoxal increase serotonin release from Caco-2 cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2731-2741. [PMID: 29052845 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), comprising a highly diverse class of Maillard reaction compounds formed in vivo and during heating processes of foods, have been described in the progression of several degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus. Nϵ -Carboxymethyllysine (CML) represents a well-characterized AGE, which is frequently encountered in a Western diet and is known to mediate its cellular effects through binding to the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). As very little is known about the impact of exogenous CML and its precursor, glyoxal, on intestinal cells, a genome-wide screening using a customized microarray was conducted in fully differentiated Caco-2 cells. After verification of gene regulation by qPCR, functional assays on fatty acid uptake, glucose uptake, and serotonin release were performed. While only treatment with glyoxal showed a slight impact on fatty acid uptake (P < 0.05), both compounds reduced glucose uptake significantly, leading to values of 81.3% ± 22.8% (500 μM CML, control set to 100%) and 68.3% ± 20.9% (0.3 μM glyoxal). Treatment with 500 μM CML or 0.3 μM glyoxal increased serotonin release (P < 0.05) to 236% ± 111% and 264% ± 66%, respectively. Co-incubation with the RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1 reduced CML-induced serotonin release by 34%, suggesting a RAGE-mediated mechanism. Similarly, co-incubation with the SGLT-1 inhibitor phloridzin attenuated serotonin release after CML treatment by 32%, hinting at a connection between CML-stimulated serotonin release and glucose uptake. Future studies need to elucidate whether the CML/glyoxal-induced serotonin release in enterocytes might stimulate serotonin-mediated intestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Holik
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Lieder
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Kretschy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark M Somoza
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Inman CK, Aljunaibi A, Koh H, Abdulle A, Ali R, Alnaeemi A, Al Zaabi E, Oumeziane N, Al Bastaki M, Al-Houqani M, Al-Maskari F, Al Dhaheri A, Shah SM, Abdel Wareth L, Al Mahmeed W, Alsafar H, Al Anouti F, Al Hosani A, Haji M, Galani D, O'Connor MJ, Ahn J, Kirchhoff T, Sherman S, Hayes RB, Li H, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. The AGE-RAGE axis in an Arab population: The United Arab Emirates Healthy Futures (UAEHFS) pilot study. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2017; 10:1-8. [PMID: 29204365 PMCID: PMC5691216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The transformation of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from a semi-nomadic to a high income society has been accompanied by increasing rates of obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. We examined if the AGE-RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts) axis is associated with obesity and diabetes mellitus in the pilot phase of the UAE Healthy Futures Study (UAEHFS). METHODS 517 Emirati subjects were enrolled and plasma/serum levels of AGE, carboxy methyl lysine (CML)-AGE, soluble (s)RAGE and endogenous secretory (es)RAGE were measured along with weight, height, waist and hip circumference (WC/HC), blood pressure, HbA1c, Vitamin D levels and routine chemistries. The relationship between the AGE-RAGE axis and obesity and diabetes mellitus was tested using proportional odds models and linear regression. RESULTS After covariate adjustment, AGE levels were significantly associated with diabetes status. Levels of sRAGE and esRAGE were associated with BMI and levels of sRAGE were associated with WC/HC. CONCLUSIONS The AGE-RAGE axis is associated with diabetes status and obesity in this Arab population. Prospective serial analysis of this axis may identify predictive biomarkers of obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction in the UAEHFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire K. Inman
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdullah Aljunaibi
- Department of Pediatrics, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hyunwook Koh
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abdishakur Abdulle
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raghib Ali
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdullah Alnaeemi
- Department of Cardiology, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eiman Al Zaabi
- Department of Pathology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Mohammed Al-Houqani
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Al-Maskari
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayesha Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition, College of Architecture, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed M. Shah
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laila Abdel Wareth
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael Al Mahmeed
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science, Technology & Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatme Al Anouti
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayesha Al Hosani
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muna Haji
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Divya Galani
- Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Jiyoung Ahn
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomas Kirchhoff
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Sherman
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard B. Hayes
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Probing Protein Glycation by Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry: Analysis of Glycation Adducts. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122557. [PMID: 29182540 PMCID: PMC5751160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification of proteins, formed by the reaction of reducing sugars and α-dicarbonyl products of their degradation with amino and guanidino groups of proteins. Resulted early glycation products are readily involved in further transformation, yielding a heterogeneous group of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Their formation is associated with ageing, metabolic diseases, and thermal processing of foods. Therefore, individual glycation adducts are often considered as the markers of related pathologies and food quality. In this context, their quantification in biological and food matrices is required for diagnostics and establishment of food preparation technologies. For this, exhaustive protein hydrolysis with subsequent amino acid analysis is the strategy of choice. Thereby, multi-step enzymatic digestion procedures ensure good recoveries for the most of AGEs, whereas tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with stable isotope dilution or standard addition represents “a gold standard” for their quantification. Although the spectrum of quantitatively assessed AGE structures is continuously increases, application of untargeted profiling techniques for identification of new products is desired, especially for in vivo characterization of anti-glycative systems. Thereby, due to a high glycative potential of plant metabolites, more attention needs to be paid on plant-derived AGEs.
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28
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ALjahdali N, Carbonero F. Impact of Maillard reaction products on nutrition and health: Current knowledge and need to understand their fate in the human digestive system. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:474-487. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1378865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen ALjahdali
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Franck Carbonero
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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29
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Li Y, Li L, Lund MN, Li B, Hu Y, Zhang X. Kinetic investigation of the trapping of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine by 4-methylbenzoquinone: A new mechanism to control Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine levels in foods. Food Chem 2017; 244:25-28. [PMID: 29120778 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
o-Benzoquinones, formed during oxidation of polyphenols, react with amines through a Michael addition. In the present study, the ability of 4-methylbenzoquinone (4MBQ) to trap Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) through a Michael addition with the amine groups on CML was investigated at different pH values. Apparent second order rate constants (k2) for the reaction of 4MBQ with CML were determined by stopped-flow spectrophotometry at 25 °C to be ∼0.0 M-1 s-1 at pH 5, 9.5 M-1 s-1 at pH 7, and 164.5 M-1 s-1 at pH 8 based on the loss of 4MBQ at 401 nm. The reaction between 4MBQ and CML generated coloured CML-quinone compounds via colourless CML-phenol species as identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS. These data provide evidence that CML formed during food production can be trapped by o-benzoquinones, which is a new mechanism by which polyphenols may be used to control CML levels in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Marianne N Lund
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yi Hu
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China
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30
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Gómez-Ojeda A, Jaramillo-Ortíz S, Wrobel K, Wrobel K, Barbosa-Sabanero G, Luevano-Contreras C, de la Maza MP, Uribarri J, Del Castillo MD, Garay-Sevilla ME. Comparative evaluation of three different ELISA assays and HPLC-ESI-ITMS/MS for the analysis of N ε-carboxymethyl lysine in food samples. Food Chem 2017; 243:11-18. [PMID: 29146316 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) is measured in food, but there is a controversy concerning the most convenient yet reliable method(s) for this task. This work compares three different ELISA assays and HPLC-ESI-ITMS/MS for the analysis of CML in several food items. The four methods showed the same decreasing order of CML concentration: beef, bacon>chicken > fish>dairy products>grain products>fruits/vegetables. HPLC-ESI-ITMS/MS results highly correlated with those obtained by ELISA performed with monoclonal CML-antibody (β=0.98, p<0.0001) whereas My Bio Source® kit results were not correlated with those provided by Lamider®. Small differences of CML concentrations in food items prepared by different culinary treatment were clearly distinguished by HPLC-ESI-ITMS/MS, but could not always be detected by ELISA. This work demonstrates a reasonable relationship between CM determined by ELISA and HPLC-ESI-ITMS/MS and therefore supports the implementation of ELISA in food CML/AGEs screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Gómez-Ojeda
- Department of Medical Science, University of Guanajuato, 20 de enero 929 Col. Obregón Leon, Guanajuato CP. 37320, Mexico.
| | - Sarahi Jaramillo-Ortíz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guanajuato, Lascurain de Retana # 6, Centro Guanajuato, Gto., Guanajuato CP. 36000, Mexico.
| | - Katarzyna Wrobel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guanajuato, Lascurain de Retana # 6, Centro Guanajuato, Gto., Guanajuato CP. 36000, Mexico.
| | - Kazimierz Wrobel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guanajuato, Lascurain de Retana # 6, Centro Guanajuato, Gto., Guanajuato CP. 36000, Mexico.
| | - Gloria Barbosa-Sabanero
- Department of Medical Science, University of Guanajuato, 20 de enero 929 Col. Obregón Leon, Guanajuato CP. 37320, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Luevano-Contreras
- Department of Medical Science, University of Guanajuato, 20 de enero 929 Col. Obregón Leon, Guanajuato CP. 37320, Mexico.
| | | | - Jaime Uribarri
- Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ma Dolores Del Castillo
- Food Bioscience Group, Department of Food Analysis and Bioactivity, Institute of Food Science, Research (CIAL), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Ma Eugenia Garay-Sevilla
- Department of Medical Science, University of Guanajuato, 20 de enero 929 Col. Obregón Leon, Guanajuato CP. 37320, Mexico.
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31
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Zhang W, Randell EW, Sun G, Likhodii S, Liu M, Furey A, Zhai G. Hyperglycemia-related advanced glycation end-products is associated with the altered phosphatidylcholine metabolism in osteoarthritis patients with diabetes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184105. [PMID: 28898260 PMCID: PMC5595284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To test whether type 2 diabetic patients have an elevated level of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and responsible for altered phosphatidylcholine metabolism, which we recently found to be associated with osteoarthritis (OA) and diabetes mellitus (DM), synovial fluid (SF) and plasma samples were collected from OA patients with and without DM. Hyperglycemia-related AGEs including methylglyoxal (MG), free methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone (MG-H1), and protein bound N-(Carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and N-(Carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) levels were measured in both SF and plasma samples using liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry methodology. The correlation between these AGEs and phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C34:3 (PC ae C34:3) and C36:3 (PC ae C36:3) were examined. Eighty four patients with knee OA, including 46 with DM and 38 without DM, were included in the study. There was no significant difference in plasma levels of MG, MG-H1, CML, and CEL between OA patients with and without DM. However, the levels of MG and MG-H1, but not CML and CEL in SF were significantly higher in OA patients with DM than in those without (all p ≤0.04). This association strengthened after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), sex and hexose level (p<0.02). Moreover, the levels of MG-H1 in SF was negatively and significantly correlated with PC ae C34:3 (ρ = -0.34; p = 0.02) and PC ae C36:3 (ρ = -0.39; P = 0.03) after the adjustment of age, BMI, sex and hexose level. Our data indicated that the production of non-protein bound AGEs was increased within the OA-affected joint of DM patients. This is associated with changes in phosphatidylcholine metabolism and might be responsible for the observed epidemiological association between OA and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhang
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Edward W. Randell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Guang Sun
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Sergei Likhodii
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Ming Liu
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Andrew Furey
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Guangju Zhai
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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32
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Dicarbonyls and Advanced Glycation End-Products in the Development of Diabetic Complications and Targets for Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050984. [PMID: 28475116 PMCID: PMC5454897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are non-enzymatic protein and amino acid adducts as well as DNA adducts which form from dicarbonyls and glucose. AGE formation is enhanced in diabetes and is associated with the development of diabetic complications. In the current review, we discuss mechanisms that lead to enhanced AGE levels in the context of diabetes and diabetic complications. The methylglyoxal-detoxifying glyoxalase system as well as alternative pathways of AGE detoxification are summarized. Therapeutic approaches to interfere with different pathways of AGE formation are presented.
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33
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Koole D, van Herwaarden JA, Schalkwijk CG, Lafeber FP, Vink A, Smeets MB, Pasterkamp G, Moll FL. A potential role for glycated cross-links in abdominal aortic aneurysm disease. J Vasc Surg 2017; 65:1493-1503.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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34
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Free and protein-bound N-carboxymethyllysine and N-carboxyethyllysine in fish muscle: Biological variation and effects of heat treatment. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Sampath C, Rashid MR, Sang S, Ahmedna M. Green tea epigallocatechin 3-gallate alleviates hyperglycemia and reduces advanced glycation end products via nrf2 pathway in mice with high fat diet-induced obesity. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 87:73-81. [PMID: 28040599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea may reduce plasma glucose and alleviate complications of diabetes by attenuating advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation. We hypothesized that EGCG would mitigate AGEs formation via activating the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related-factor-2 (Nrf2) pathway in a mouse model of high fat diet-induced obesity. Dietary EGCG was tested in C57BL/6 mice that were placed on a high-fat diet with or without ECGC for 17 weeks and compared to a control group placed on low-fat diet for the same period. Weight gain and fasting blood glucose were measured throughout the study duration. Supplementation of high fat diet with dietary EGCG significantly reduced weight gain, plasma glucose, insulin level, liver and kidney weight. EGCG administration also decreased the levels of AGEs in both plasma and liver while inhibiting the receptor for AGE (RAGE) expression of, activating Nrf2 and enhancing GSH/GSSG ratio compared to mice on high fat diet without added EGCG. This study demonstrated that EGCG has the potential to help control hyperglycemia, reduce weight, and alleviate diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan Sampath
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of HealthSciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Muhammed Raihan Rashid
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of HealthSciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, United States
| | - Mohamed Ahmedna
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of HealthSciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar.
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36
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Holik A, Lieder B, Kretschy N, Somoza MM, Held S, Somoza V. N(ϵ) -Carboxymethyllysine Increases the Expression of miR-103/143 and Enhances Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2413-22. [PMID: 27137869 PMCID: PMC4982050 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation endproducts, formed in vivo, but also by the Maillard reaction upon thermal treatment of foods, have been associated with the progression of pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus. In addition to the accumulation with age, exogenous AGEs are introduced into the circulation from dietary sources. In this study, we investigated the effects of addition of free N(ϵ) -carboxymethyllysine (CML), a well-characterized product of the Maillard reaction, on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Treatment with 5, 50, or 500 μM CML resulted in increased lipid accumulation to similar extents, by 11.5 ± 12.6%, 12.9 ± 8.6%, and 12.8 ± 8.5%, respectively. Long-term treatment with 500 μM CML during adipogenesis resulted in increases in miR-103 and miR-143 levels, two miRNAs described to be involved in impaired glucose homeostasis and increased lipid accumulation. Furthermore, the expression of genes associated with these miRNAs, consisting of Akt1, PI3k, and Cav1 was regulated by CML. Short-term treatment of mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes with CML resulted in decreased basal glucose uptake. These results, indicate that the addition of protein-free CML to 3T3-L1 cells influence parameters associated with adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis at transcriptional, and functional level; this indicates that free CML derived from exogenous sources, in addition to protein-bound CML may be relevant in this context. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2413-2422, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann‐Katrin Holik
- Faculty of ChemistryDepartment of Nutritional and Physiological ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 14Vienna 1090Austria
| | - Barbara Lieder
- Faculty of ChemistryChristian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma CompoundsUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 14Vienna 1090Austria
| | - Nicole Kretschy
- Faculty of ChemistryDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 14Vienna 1090Austria
| | - Mark M. Somoza
- Faculty of ChemistryDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 14Vienna 1090Austria
| | - Sandra Held
- Department of Food ScienceUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Faculty of ChemistryDepartment of Nutritional and Physiological ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 14Vienna 1090Austria
- Faculty of ChemistryChristian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma CompoundsUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 14Vienna 1090Austria
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37
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Tessier FJ, Niquet-Léridon C, Jacolot P, Jouquand C, Genin M, Schmidt AM, Grossin N, Boulanger E. Quantitative assessment of organ distribution of dietary protein-bound 13 C-labeled N ɛ -carboxymethyllysine after a chronic oral exposure in mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2446-2456. [PMID: 27393741 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Nɛ -Carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) is a prominent advanced glycation end-product which is not only found in vivo but also in food. It is known that a percentage of the dietary CML (dCML) is absorbed into the circulation and only partly excreted in the urine. Several studies have tried to measure how much dCML remains in tissues. However obstacles to interpreting the data have been found. METHODS AND RESULTS A new protocol which discriminates dCML from native CML (nCML) has been developed. Three CML isotopes with different mass-to-charge ratios were used: nCML Nε -carboxymethyl-L-lysine, dCML Nε -[13 C]carboxy[13 C]methyl-L-lysine and internal standard Nε -carboxymethyl-L-[4,4,5,5-2 H4 ]lysine. Wild-type (n = 7) and RAGE-/- (n = 8) mice were fed for 30 days with either a control, or a BSA-bound dCML-enriched diet. Organs were analyzed for nCML and dCML using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Mice exposed to dCML showed an accumulation in all tissues tested except fat. The rate of deposition was high (81-320 μgdCML /g dry matter) in kidneys, intestine, and lungs and low (<5 μg/g) in heart, muscle, and liver. This accumulation was not RAGE dependent. CONCLUSION The kidney is not the only organ affected by the accumulation of dCML. Its high accumulation in other tissues and organs may also, however, have important physiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric J Tessier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France.,Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, EGEAL Unit, Beauvais, France
| | | | - Philippe Jacolot
- Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, EGEAL Unit, Beauvais, France
| | - Céline Jouquand
- Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, EGEAL Unit, Beauvais, France
| | - Michaël Genin
- Univ. Lille, EA 2694-Santé publique: épidémiologie et qualité des soins, Lille, France
| | - Ann-Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Grossin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
| | - Eric Boulanger
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
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38
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Rabbani N, Ashour A, Thornalley PJ. Mass spectrometric determination of early and advanced glycation in biology. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:553-68. [PMID: 27438287 PMCID: PMC4975772 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycation in biological systems occurs predominantly on lysine, arginine and N-terminal residues of proteins. Major quantitative glycation adducts are found at mean extents of modification of 1-5 mol percent of proteins. These are glucose-derived fructosamine on lysine and N-terminal residues of proteins, methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone on arginine residues and N(ε)-carboxymethyl-lysine residues mainly formed by the oxidative degradation of fructosamine. Total glycation adducts of different types are quantified by stable isotopic dilution analysis liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Metabolism of glycated proteins is followed by LC-MS/MS of glycation free adducts as minor components of the amino acid metabolome. Glycated proteins and sites of modification within them - amino acid residues modified by the glycating agent moiety - are identified and quantified by label-free and stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) high resolution mass spectrometry. Sites of glycation by glucose and methylglyoxal in selected proteins are listed. Key issues in applying proteomics techniques to analysis of glycated proteins are: (i) avoiding compromise of analysis by formation, loss and relocation of glycation adducts in pre-analytic processing; (ii) specificity of immunoaffinity enrichment procedures, (iii) maximizing protein sequence coverage in mass spectrometric analysis for detection of glycation sites, and (iv) development of bioinformatics tools for prediction of protein glycation sites. Protein glycation studies have important applications in biology, ageing and translational medicine - particularly on studies of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, renal failure, neurological disorders and cancer. Mass spectrometric analysis of glycated proteins has yet to find widespread use clinically. Future use in health screening, disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring, and drug and functional food development is expected. A protocol for high resolution mass spectrometry proteomics of glycated proteins is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Amal Ashour
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
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Greifenhagen U, Frolov A, Blüher M, Hoffmann R. Site-specific analysis of advanced glycation end products in plasma proteins of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5557-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Li Y, Zhao M, He D, Zhao X, Zhang W, Wei L, Huang E, Ji L, Zhang M, Willard B, Fu Z, Wang L, Pan B, Zheng L, Ji L. HDL in diabetic nephropathy has less effect in endothelial repairing than diabetes without complications. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:76. [PMID: 27074994 PMCID: PMC4831084 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy has a high cardiovascular risk with a low-level HDL(high density lipoprotein) in epidemiologic studies. Glycated HDL in diabetes can diminish the capacity to stimulate endothelial cell migration, but the mechanism has not been adequately explored in diabetic nephropathy. We performed this study to find out whether HDL in diabetic nephropathy is more dysfunctional than HDL in diabetes without complications. Methods Endothelial cells were treated with N-HDL (normal), D-HDL (T2DM[type 2 diabetes mellitus] without complications), DN-HDL (T2DM nephropathy), N-apoA-I (normal apoA-I), and G-apoA-I (glycated apoA-I in vitro). Cell migration capacity was measured with wound-healing and transwell migration assay in vitro and electric carotid injury model in vivo. Protein glycation levels were measured with nanoLC-MS/MS. PI3K expression and Akt phosphorylation were analyzed by western blot. Results In wound-healing assay, DN-HDL showed a 17.12 % decrease compared with D-HDL (p < 0.05). DN-HDL showed a 29.85 % decrease in comparison with D-HDL (p < 0.001) in transwell assay. In the electric carotid injury model, D-HDL and DN-HDL impaired the re-endothelialization capacity; DN-HDL was less effective than D-HDL. Meanwhile, DN-HDL was found to have a significantly higher protein glycation level than D-HDL (p < 0.001). PI3K expression and Akt phosphorylation were reduced significantly in DN-HDL in comparison with D-HDL and N-HDL. Conclusions We found that HDL from diabetic nephropathy has a higher level of glycation and induced less cell migration in vitro and in vivo compared with that from diabetes without nephropathy. This finding suggests that diabetic nephropathy has higher levels of glycated HDL and partially explains why patients with DN have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0246-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen Nan Dajie, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Capital Medical University Pinggu Teaching Hospital, Beijing, 101200, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dan He
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Military General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Edgar Huang
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Liang Ji
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Belinda Willard
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute Mass Spectrometry Laboratory for Protein Sequencing, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zuodi Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Capital Medical University Pinggu Teaching Hospital, Beijing, 101200, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Capital Medical University Pinggu Teaching Hospital, Beijing, 101200, China
| | - Bing Pan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen Nan Dajie, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Sampath C, Zhu Y, Sang S, Ahmedna M. Bioactive compounds isolated from apple, tea, and ginger protect against dicarbonyl induced stress in cultured human retinal epithelial cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:200-13. [PMID: 26926182 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylglyoxal (MGO) is known to be a major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which are linked to diabetes and its related complications. Naturally occurring bioactive compounds could play an important role in countering AGEs thereby minimizing the risk associated with their formation. METHODS In this study, eight specific bioactive compounds isolated from apple, tea and ginger were evaluated for their AGEs scavenging activity using Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial (H-RPE) cells treated with MGO. RESULTS Among the eight specific compounds evaluated, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) from tea, phloretin in apple, and [6]-shogaol and [6]-gingerol from ginger were found to be most effective in preventing MGO-induced cytotoxicity in the epithelial cells. Investigation of possible underlying mechanisms suggests that that these compounds could act by modulating key regulative detoxifying enzymes via modifying nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) function. MGO-induced cytotoxicity led to increased levels of AGEs causing increase in Nε-(Carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) and glutathione (GSH) levels and over expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Data also showed that translocation of Nrf2 from cytosol to nucleus was inhibited, which decreased the expression of detoxifying enzyme like heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The most potent bioactive compounds scavenged dicarbonyl compounds, inhibited AGEs formation and significantly reduced carbonyl stress by Nrf2 related pathway and restoration of HO-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated the protective effect of bioactive compounds derived from food sources against MGO-induced carbonyl stress through activation of the Nrf2 related defense pathway, which is of significant importance for therapeutic interventions in complementary treatment/management of diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan Sampath
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, NC 28081, United States
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, NC 28081, United States
| | - Mohamed Ahmedna
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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42
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Li M, Zeng M, He Z, Zheng Z, Qin F, Tao G, Zhang S, Chen J. Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Free Nε-(Carboxymethyl)lysine on Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10995-11001. [PMID: 26652688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently correlation studies between dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the progression of chronic diseases have attracted much attention. To explore the impact of dietary AGEs on the health risk of people consuming a high-fat diet (HFD), male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as the research subject. Under HFD, free N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML, a major AGE, 60 mg/kg body weight/day) was administered by gavage for 12 consecutive weeks. The results indicated that protein-bound CML accumulation in the kidney, heart, lung, pancreas, and muscle significantly increased to 178 ± 36, 161 ± 2, 106 ± 11, 39 ± 8, and 141 ± 20 μg/g dry matter, respectively, compared to HFD control levels of 86 ± 9, 127 ± 10, 89 ± 6, 23 ± 2, and 95 ± 3 μg/g dry matter, whereas no statistical increase was found in the liver and spleen. An increase of the protein-bound CML might be due to free CML binding to proteins in tissues by covalent bonds. Moreover, the rats' serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, fasting blood glucose levels, and energy expenditure also increased obviously. These findings indicated that long-term intake of high-dose free CML might be a health risk factor for rats with HFD. This could provide valuable information for further study on the possible effects of long-term consumption of CML-rich fatty foods on human health, involving the progression of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, ‡Analysis Center, and #Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, ‡Analysis Center, and #Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, ‡Analysis Center, and #Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zongping Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, ‡Analysis Center, and #Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fang Qin
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, ‡Analysis Center, and #Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guanjun Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, ‡Analysis Center, and #Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, ‡Analysis Center, and #Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jie Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, ‡Analysis Center, and #Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
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Chen HJC, Chen YC, Hsiao CF, Chen PF. Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal-Induced Modifications in Human Hemoglobin from Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:2377-89. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hauh-Jyun Candy Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Fong Hsiao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Fan Chen
- Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, No.2, Minsheng Road, Dalin, Chia-Yi 622, Taiwan
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Korwar AM, Vannuruswamy G, Jagadeeshaprasad MG, Jayaramaiah RH, Bhat S, Regin BS, Ramaswamy S, Giri AP, Mohan V, Balasubramanyam M, Kulkarni MJ. Development of Diagnostic Fragment Ion Library for Glycated Peptides of Human Serum Albumin: Targeted Quantification in Prediabetic, Diabetic, and Microalbuminuria Plasma by Parallel Reaction Monitoring, SWATH, and MSE. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2150-9. [PMID: 26023067 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.050518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin is one of the most abundant plasma proteins that readily undergoes glycation, thus glycated albumin has been suggested as an additional marker for monitoring glycemic status. Hitherto, only Amadori-modified peptides of albumin were quantified. In this study, we report the construction of fragment ion library for Amadori-modified lysine (AML), N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML)-, and N(ε)-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL)-modified peptides of the corresponding synthetically modified albumin using high resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HR/AM). The glycated peptides were manually inspected and validated for their modification. Further, the fragment ion library was used for quantification of glycated peptides of albumin in the context of diabetes. Targeted Sequential Window Acquisition of all THeoretical Mass Spectra (SWATH) analysis in pooled plasma samples of control, prediabetes, diabetes, and microalbuminuria, has led to identification and quantification of 13 glycated peptides comprised of four AML, seven CML, and two CEL modifications, representing nine lysine sites of albumin. Five lysine sites namely K549, K438, K490, K88, and K375, were observed to be highly sensitive for glycation modification as their respective m/z showed maximum fold change and had both AML and CML modifications. Thus, peptides involving these lysine sites could be potential novel markers to assess the degree of glycation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind M Korwar
- From the §Mass-Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | - Garikapati Vannuruswamy
- From the §Mass-Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | - Mashanipalya G Jagadeeshaprasad
- From the §Mass-Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | - Ramesha H Jayaramaiah
- From the §Mass-Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | - Shweta Bhat
- From the §Mass-Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | | | - Sureshkumar Ramaswamy
- From the §Mass-Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | - Ashok P Giri
- From the §Mass-Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | | | | | - Mahesh J Kulkarni
- From the §Mass-Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India.;
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LC–MS/MS for the simultaneous determination of polar endogenous ADMA and CML in plasma and urine from diabetics. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:1261-71. [PMID: 26045005 DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and ε-N-carboxymethyl-l-lysine (CML) are microvascular risk factors and potential biomarkers of diabetic microvascular complication. Results: Sample preparation was achieved using acetonitrile for protein precipitation step. ADMA, CML and IS CML-d2 were separated with gradient on a Welch Ultimate® XB- NH2 column. The assays were validated according to current bioanalytical guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity (20–1000 ng/ml for ADMA in human plasma, 50–2000 ng/ml in urine, 10–500 ng/ml for CML in human plasma and urine), accuracy and precision, extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability. Conclusion: The LC–MS/MS method was successfully applied to quantification of ADMA and CML in plasma and urine samples from healthy individuals and patients with diabetic nephropathy.
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46
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Sun X, Tang J, Wang J, Rasco BA, Lai K, Huang Y. Formation of advanced glycation endproducts in ground beef under pasteurisation conditions. Food Chem 2015; 172:802-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Li M, Zeng M, He Z, Zheng Z, Qin F, Tao G, Zhang S, Chen J. Increased accumulation of protein-bound N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine in tissues of healthy rats after chronic oral N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1658-1663. [PMID: 25611617 DOI: 10.1021/jf505063t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, chronic diseases related to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have attracted more attention. Because diet is an important exogenous source of AGEs, this study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic oral administration of pure N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) (a major AGE) at 60 mg kg(-1) per day on healthy Sprague-Dawley rats. After administration for 12 weeks, the levels of protein-bound CML were increased to 202 ± 17, 167 ± 47, 217 ± 44, 107 ± 4, 144 ± 23, and 33 ± 7 μg/g dry matter in the kidneys, heart, liver, lungs, spleen, and pancreas, respectively, in comparison with control values of 98 ± 1, 90 ± 15, 140 ± 42, 76 ± 18, 115 ± 15, and 30 ± 4 μg/g dry matter. The difference was significant (p < 0.05) for the kidneys, heart, liver, and lungs, whereas no significant increase was seen in the spleen and pancreas. Furthermore, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values increased significantly (p < 0.05), as evidence of impaired kidney and liver function. Additionally, the rats' fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels remained within the normal range, indicating that chronic intake of CML does not promote a rise in blood glucose. These results clearly indicate that a CML-rich diet might be a potential health risk in humans, particularly with respect to kidney and liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, and ‡Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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Greifenhagen U, Nguyen VD, Moschner J, Giannis A, Frolov A, Hoffmann R. Sensitive and site-specific identification of carboxymethylated and carboxyethylated peptides in tryptic digests of proteins and human plasma. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:768-77. [PMID: 25423611 DOI: 10.1021/pr500799m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycation refers to a nonenzymatic post-translational modification formed by the reaction of amino groups and reducing sugars. Consecutive oxidation and degradation can produce advanced glycation end products (AGEs), such as N(ε)-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) and N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML). Although CEL and CML are considered to be markers of arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and aging, the modified proteins and the exact modification sites are mostly unknown due to their low frequency and a lack of enrichment strategies. Here, we report characteristic fragmentation patterns of CML- and CEL-containing peptides and two modification-specific reporter ions for each modification (CML, m/z 142.1 and 187.1; CEL, m/z 156.1 and 201.1). The protocol allowed sensitive and selective precursor ion scans to detect the modified peptides in complex sample mixtures. The corresponding m/z values identified eight CEL/CML-modification sites in glycated human serum albumin (HSA) by targeted nano-RPC-MS/MS. The same strategy revealed 21 CML sites in 17 different proteins, including modified lysine residues 88 and 396 of human serum albumin, in a pooled plasma sample that was obtained from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Greifenhagen
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, ‡Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), §Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig , 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Scholtes VP, Peeters W, van Lammeren GW, Howard DP, de Vries JPP, de Borst GJ, Redgrave JN, Kemperman H, Schalkwijk CG, den Ruijter HM, de Kleijn DP, Moll FL, Rothwell PM, Pasterkamp G. Type 2 diabetes is not associated with an altered plaque phenotype among patients undergoing carotid revascularization. A histological analysis of 1455 carotid plaques. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:418-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kuang L, Jing Z, Wang J, Ma L, Liu X, Yang J. Quantitative determination of ɛ-N-carboxymethyl-l-lysine in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 90:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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