1
|
Ferreira-Junior MD, Cavalcante KVN, Costa JM, Bessa ASM, Amaro A, de Castro CH, Xavier CH, Silva S, Fonseca DA, Matafome P, Gomes RM. Early Methylglyoxal Exposure Leads to Worsened Cardiovascular Function in Young Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:2029. [PMID: 38999777 PMCID: PMC11243563 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though maternal diabetes effects are well described in the literature, the effects of maternal diabetes in postnatal phases are often overlooked. Diabetic individuals have higher levels of circulating glycotoxins, and there is a positive correlation between maternal-derived glycotoxins and circulating glycotoxins in their progeny. Previous studies evaluated the metabolic effects of high glycotoxin exposure during lactation in adult animals. However, here we focus on the cardiovascular system of juvenile rats. METHODS For this, we used two experimental models: 1. High Methylglyoxal (MG) environment: pregnant Wistar rats were injected with PBS (VEH group) or Methylglyoxal (MG group; 60 mg/kg/day; orally, postnatal day (PND) 3 to PND14). 2. GLO-1 inhibition: pregnant Wistar rats were injected with dimethyl sulfoxide (VEH group) or a GLO-1 inhibitor (BBGC group; 5 mg/kg/day; subcutaneously, PND1-PND5). The offspring were evaluated at PND45. RESULTS MG offspring presented cardiac dysfunction and subtly worsened vasomotor responses in the presence of perivascular adipose tissue, without morphological alterations. In addition, an endogenous increase in maternal glycotoxins impacts offspring vasomotricity due to impaired redox status. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that early glycotoxin exposure led to cardiac and vascular impairments, which may increase the risk for developing cardiovascular diseases later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Divino Ferreira-Junior
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (A.A.); (S.S.); (D.A.F.)
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiás, Brazil; (J.M.C.); (A.S.M.B.); (C.H.d.C.); (C.H.X.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Keilah Valéria N. Cavalcante
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (A.A.); (S.S.); (D.A.F.)
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiás, Brazil; (J.M.C.); (A.S.M.B.); (C.H.d.C.); (C.H.X.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Jaqueline M. Costa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiás, Brazil; (J.M.C.); (A.S.M.B.); (C.H.d.C.); (C.H.X.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Amanda S. M. Bessa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiás, Brazil; (J.M.C.); (A.S.M.B.); (C.H.d.C.); (C.H.X.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Andreia Amaro
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (A.A.); (S.S.); (D.A.F.)
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Henrique de Castro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiás, Brazil; (J.M.C.); (A.S.M.B.); (C.H.d.C.); (C.H.X.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Carlos Henrique Xavier
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiás, Brazil; (J.M.C.); (A.S.M.B.); (C.H.d.C.); (C.H.X.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Sónia Silva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (A.A.); (S.S.); (D.A.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo A. Fonseca
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (A.A.); (S.S.); (D.A.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (A.A.); (S.S.); (D.A.F.)
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Polytechnic University of Coimbra, 3045-043 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiás, Brazil; (J.M.C.); (A.S.M.B.); (C.H.d.C.); (C.H.X.); (R.M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ding W, Fan JH, Zhong LR, Wang NX, Liu LH, Zhang HB, Wang L, Wang MQ, He BL, Wei AY. N-acetylcysteine ameliorates erectile dysfunction in rats with hyperlipidemia by inhibiting oxidative stress and corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells phenotypic modulation. Asian J Androl 2024; 26:99-106. [PMID: 37534881 PMCID: PMC10846835 DOI: 10.4103/aja202324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). Oxidative stress and phenotypic modulation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) are the key pathological factors of ED. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can inhibit oxidative stress; however, whether NAC can alleviate pathological variations in the corpus cavernosum and promote erectile function recovery in hyperlipidemic rats remains unclear. A hyperlipidemia model was established using 27 eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (hyperlipidemic rats, HR). In addition, 9 male SD rats were fed a normal diet to serve as controls (NC). HR rats were divided into three groups: HR, HR+normal saline (NS), and HR+NAC (n = 9 for each group; NS or NAC intraperitoneal injections were administered daily for 16 weeks). Subsequently, the lipid profiles, erectile function, oxidative stress, phenotypic modulation markers of CCSMCs, and tissue histology were analyzed. The experimental results revealed that erectile function was significantly impaired in the HR and HR + NS groups, but enhanced in the HR + NAC group. Abnormal lipid levels, over-activated oxidative stress, and multi-organ lesions observed in the HR and HR + NS groups were improved in the HR + NAC group. Moreover, the HR group showed significant phenotypic modulation of CCSMCs, which was also inhibited by NAC treatment. This report focuses on the therapeutic effect of NAC in restoring erectile function using a hyperlipidemic rat model by preventing CCSMC phenotypic modulation and attenuating oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Jun-Hong Fan
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Li-Ren Zhong
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Nan-Xiong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Immigration Inspection General Station Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Lu-Hao Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Bing-Lin He
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - An-Yang Wei
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ferreira LO, Vasconcelos VW, Lima JDS, Vieira Neto JR, da Costa GE, Esteves JDC, de Sousa SC, Moura JA, Santos FRS, Leitão Filho JM, Protásio MR, Araújo PS, Lemos CJDS, Resende KD, Lopes DCF. Biochemical Changes in Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Cardiac Surgery: New Insights. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1506. [PMID: 37888117 PMCID: PMC10608001 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing coronary revascularization with extracorporeal circulation or cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may develop several biochemical changes in the microcirculation that lead to a systemic inflammatory response. Surgical incision, post-CPB reperfusion injury and blood contact with non-endothelial membranes can activate inflammatory signaling pathways that lead to the production and activation of inflammatory cells, with cytokine production and oxidative stress. This inflammatory storm can cause damage to vital organs, especially the heart, and thus lead to complications in the postoperative period. In addition to the organic pathophysiology during and after the period of exposure to extracorporeal circulation, this review addresses new perspectives for intraoperative treatment and management that may lead to a reduction in this inflammatory storm and thereby improve the prognosis and possibly reduce the mortality of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luan Oliveira Ferreira
- Residency Program in Anesthesiology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (V.W.V.); (J.d.S.L.); (J.R.V.N.); (G.E.d.C.); (J.d.C.E.); (S.C.d.S.); (J.A.M.); (F.R.S.S.); (J.M.L.F.); (K.D.R.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Victoria Winkler Vasconcelos
- Residency Program in Anesthesiology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (V.W.V.); (J.d.S.L.); (J.R.V.N.); (G.E.d.C.); (J.d.C.E.); (S.C.d.S.); (J.A.M.); (F.R.S.S.); (J.M.L.F.); (K.D.R.)
| | - Janielle de Sousa Lima
- Residency Program in Anesthesiology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (V.W.V.); (J.d.S.L.); (J.R.V.N.); (G.E.d.C.); (J.d.C.E.); (S.C.d.S.); (J.A.M.); (F.R.S.S.); (J.M.L.F.); (K.D.R.)
| | - Jaime Rodrigues Vieira Neto
- Residency Program in Anesthesiology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (V.W.V.); (J.d.S.L.); (J.R.V.N.); (G.E.d.C.); (J.d.C.E.); (S.C.d.S.); (J.A.M.); (F.R.S.S.); (J.M.L.F.); (K.D.R.)
| | - Giovana Escribano da Costa
- Residency Program in Anesthesiology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (V.W.V.); (J.d.S.L.); (J.R.V.N.); (G.E.d.C.); (J.d.C.E.); (S.C.d.S.); (J.A.M.); (F.R.S.S.); (J.M.L.F.); (K.D.R.)
| | - Jordana de Castro Esteves
- Residency Program in Anesthesiology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (V.W.V.); (J.d.S.L.); (J.R.V.N.); (G.E.d.C.); (J.d.C.E.); (S.C.d.S.); (J.A.M.); (F.R.S.S.); (J.M.L.F.); (K.D.R.)
| | - Sallatiel Cabral de Sousa
- Residency Program in Anesthesiology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (V.W.V.); (J.d.S.L.); (J.R.V.N.); (G.E.d.C.); (J.d.C.E.); (S.C.d.S.); (J.A.M.); (F.R.S.S.); (J.M.L.F.); (K.D.R.)
| | - Jonathan Almeida Moura
- Residency Program in Anesthesiology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (V.W.V.); (J.d.S.L.); (J.R.V.N.); (G.E.d.C.); (J.d.C.E.); (S.C.d.S.); (J.A.M.); (F.R.S.S.); (J.M.L.F.); (K.D.R.)
| | - Felipe Ruda Silva Santos
- Residency Program in Anesthesiology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (V.W.V.); (J.d.S.L.); (J.R.V.N.); (G.E.d.C.); (J.d.C.E.); (S.C.d.S.); (J.A.M.); (F.R.S.S.); (J.M.L.F.); (K.D.R.)
| | - João Monteiro Leitão Filho
- Residency Program in Anesthesiology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (V.W.V.); (J.d.S.L.); (J.R.V.N.); (G.E.d.C.); (J.d.C.E.); (S.C.d.S.); (J.A.M.); (F.R.S.S.); (J.M.L.F.); (K.D.R.)
| | | | - Pollyana Sousa Araújo
- Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesiology, Hospital Clínicas Gaspar Vianna, Belém 66083-106, Brazil; (P.S.A.); (C.J.d.S.L.)
| | - Cláudio José da Silva Lemos
- Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesiology, Hospital Clínicas Gaspar Vianna, Belém 66083-106, Brazil; (P.S.A.); (C.J.d.S.L.)
| | - Karina Dias Resende
- Residency Program in Anesthesiology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (V.W.V.); (J.d.S.L.); (J.R.V.N.); (G.E.d.C.); (J.d.C.E.); (S.C.d.S.); (J.A.M.); (F.R.S.S.); (J.M.L.F.); (K.D.R.)
| | - Dielly Catrina Favacho Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kelley RC, Lapierre SS, Muscato DR, Hahn D, Christou DD, Ferreira LF. Cardiac and respiratory muscle responses to dietary N-acetylcysteine in rats consuming a high-saturated fat, high-sucrose diet. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:1312-1325. [PMID: 35938289 PMCID: PMC9633399 DOI: 10.1113/ep090332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? This study addresses whether a high-fat, high-sucrose diet causes cardiac and diaphragm muscle abnormalities in male rats and whether supplementation with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reverses diet-induced dysfunction. What is the main finding and its importance? N-Acetylcysteine attenuated the effects of high-fat, high-sucrose diet on markers of cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, but neither high-fat, high-sucrose diet nor N-acetylcysteine affected the diaphragm. These results support the use of N-acetylcysteine to attenuate cardiovascular dysfunction induced by a 'Western' diet. ABSTRACT Individuals with overweight or obesity display respiratory and cardiovascular dysfunction, and oxidative stress is a causative factor in the general aetiology of obesity and of skeletal and cardiac muscle pathology. Thus, this preclinical study aimed to define diaphragmatic and cardiac morphological and functional alterations in response to an obesogenic diet in rats and the therapeutic potential of an antioxidant supplement, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Young male Wistar rats consumed ad libitum a 'lean' or high-saturated fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for ∼22 weeks and were randomized to control or NAC (2 mg/ml in the drinking water) for the last 8 weeks of the dietary intervention. We then evaluated diaphragmatic and cardiac morphology and function. Neither HFHS diet nor NAC supplementation affected diaphragm-specific force, peak power or morphology. Right ventricular weight normalized to estimated body surface area, left ventricular fractional shortening and posterior wall maximal shortening velocity were higher in HFHS compared with lean control animals and not restored by NAC. In HFHS rats, the elevated deceleration rate of early transmitral diastolic velocity was prevented by NAC. Our data showed that the HFHS diet did not compromise diaphragmatic muscle morphology or in vitro function, suggesting other possible contributors to breathing abnormalities in obesity (e.g., abnormalities of neuromuscular transmission). However, the HFHS diet resulted in cardiac functional and morphological changes suggestive of hypercontractility and diastolic dysfunction. Supplementation with NAC did not affect diaphragm morphology or function but attenuated some of the cardiac abnormalities in the rats receiving the HFHS diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Kelley
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Stephanie S. Lapierre
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Derek R. Muscato
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Dongwoo Hahn
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Demetra D. Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Leonardo F. Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Angelovski M, Hadzi-Petrushev N, Atanasov D, Nikodinovski A, Mitrokhin V, Avtanski DB, Mladenov M. Protective Effects of L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-Carboxylate during Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats: In Vivo Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101466. [PMID: 36294901 PMCID: PMC9605456 DOI: 10.3390/life12101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTC) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced acute myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Results demonstrated that OTC treatments inhibited ISO-induced oxidative damage, suppressed lipid peroxidation, and increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in the hearts of the treated rats compared to those of the untreated controls. The ISO-related NF-κB activation was reduced due to the OTC treatment, and lower degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis in the hearts were observed. In summary, OTC treatments exerted cardioprotective effects against MI in vivo, mainly due to enhancing cardiac antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Angelovski
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nikola Hadzi-Petrushev
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Dino Atanasov
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Nikodinovski
- Institute for Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Vadim Mitrokhin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimiter B. Avtanski
- Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Mitko Mladenov
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
N-Acetylcysteine Slows Down Cardiac Pathological Remodeling by Inhibiting Cardiac Fibroblast Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:3625662. [PMID: 34868392 PMCID: PMC8642028 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3625662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective By observing the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the proliferation and collagen synthesis of rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) to explore the effect of NAC on cardiac remodeling (CR). Methods In vivo, first, the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat myocardial hypertrophy model was constructed, and the effect of NAC on cardiac structure and function was detected by echocardiography, serological testing, and Masson staining. Western blotting (WB) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the expression level of antioxidant enzymes, and flow cytometry was used to detect the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. In vitro, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining were used to detect cell proliferation, and the expression level of the NF-κB signaling pathway was detected. Results Compared with the control group, the model group had disordered cardiac structure, reduced cardiac function, and obvious oxidative stress (OS) response. However, after NAC treatment, it could obviously improve the rat cardiac structure and cardiac function and alleviate redox imbalance and cardiology remodeling. At the same time, NAC can inhibit the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and reduce the proliferation level of CFs and the amount of 3H proline incorporated. Conclusions NAC can inhibit AngII-induced CF proliferation and collagen synthesis through the NF-κB signaling pathway, alleviate the OS response of myocardial tissue, inhibit the fibrosis of myocardial tissue, and thus slow down the pathological remodeling of the heart.
Collapse
|
7
|
Oral N-acetylcysteine as an adjunct to standard medical therapy improved heart function in cases with stable class II and III systolic heart failure. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:2063-2075. [PMID: 34727343 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research attempted to assess whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as adjunctive therapy can be useful in the treatment of patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS Fifty-five cases with diagnosed systolic HF and stable symptomatic New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II and III and on optimal medical treatment of HF for at least 3 months were assigned for receiving oral NAC (600 mg twice daily) or placebo for 12 weeks. The outcomes were changes in the echocardiographic hemodynamic indices as well as the patients' functional capacity assessed by NYHA classification over a 12-week treatment. RESULTS Compared to placebo, NAC more significantly improved the systolic left ventricular (LV) function expressed as the ejection fraction and Tei index. These changes are accompanied by more improvement in other LV echocardiographic indices including LV end-diastolic volume index and LV global longitudinal strain in the patients receiving NAC in comparison with those receiving placebo. In parallel with the improvement of LV function, right ventricular (RV) function expressed as RV fractional area change and RV Tei-index also got more improvement in those receiving NAC than those receiving placebo. However, the change in RV global longitudinal strain did not show a significant difference between study groups. Additionally, at week 12, the distribution of the NYHA functional class also shifted toward a better outcome in the NAC group in comparison with the placebo group; however, it was not significant. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data support experimental findings showing that NAC supplementation is able to improve heart function. TRIAL REGISTRATION The registration of the trial was done at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( www.irct.ir ). Identifier code: IRCT20120215009014N333. Registration date: 2020-01-11.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin SN, Mao R, Qian C, Bettenworth D, Wang J, Li J, Bruining D, Jairath V, Feagan B, Chen M, Rieder F. Development of Anti-fibrotic Therapy in Stricturing Crohn's Disease: Lessons from Randomized Trials in Other Fibrotic Diseases. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:605-652. [PMID: 34569264 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is considered an inevitable complication of Crohn's disease (CD) that results in symptoms of obstruction and stricture formation. Endoscopic or surgical treatment is required to treat the majority of patients. Progress in the management of stricturing CD is hampered by the lack of effective anti-fibrotic therapy; however, this situation is likely to change because of recent advances in other fibrotic diseases of the lung, liver and skin. In this review, we summarized data from randomized controlled trials (RCT) of anti-fibrotic therapies in these conditions. Multiple compounds have been tested for the anti-fibrotic effects in other organs. According to their mechanisms, they were categorized into growth factor modulators, inflammation modulators, 5-hydroxy-3-methylgultaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, intracellular enzymes and kinases, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) modulators and others. From our review of the results from the clinical trials and discussion of their implications in the gastrointestinal tract, we have identified several molecular candidates that could serve as potential therapies for intestinal fibrosis in CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Nan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Chenchen Qian
- Department of Internal Medicine, UPMC Pinnacle, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - David Bruining
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Feagan
- Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chi RF, Li L, Wang AL, Yang H, Xi J, Zhu ZF, Wang K, Li B, Yang LG, Qin FZ, Zhang C. Enhanced oxidative stress mediates pathological autophagy and necroptosis in cardiac myocytes in pressure overload induced heart failure in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:60-69. [PMID: 34453856 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In cardiac myocytes in vitro, hydrogen peroxide induces autophagic cell death and necroptosis. Oxidative stress, myocyte autophagy and necroptosis coexist in heart failure (HF). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that excessive oxidative stress mediates pathological autophagy and necroptosis in myocytes in pressure overload-induced HF. HF was produced by chronic pressure overload induced by abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) in rats. Rats with AAC or sham operation were randomised to orally receive an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or placebo for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed for the assessments of left ventricular (LV) structure and function. AAC rats exhibited decreased LV fractional shortening (FS) at 4 weeks after surgery. NAC treatment attenuated decreased LV FS in AAC rats. In AAC rats, myocardial level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine assessed by immunohistochemical staining, indicative of oxidative stress, was increased, LC3 II protein, a marker of autophagy, Beclin1 protein and Atg4b, Atg5, Atg7 and Atg12 mRNA expression were markedly increased, RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL expression, indicative of necroptosis, was increased, and all of the alterations in AAC rats were prevented by the NAC treatment. NAC treatment also attenuated myocyte cross-sectional area and myocardial fibrosis in AAC rats. In conclusion, NAC treatment prevented the increases in oxidative stress, myocyte autophagy and necroptosis and the decrease in LV systolic function in pressure overload-induced HF. These findings suggest that enhanced oxidative stress mediates pathological autophagy and necroptosis in myocytes, leading to LV systolic dysfunction, and antioxidants may be of value to prevent HF through the inhibition of excessive autophagy and necroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Fang Chi
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lu Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ai-Ling Wang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Yang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Xi
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zong-Feng Zhu
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bao Li
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li-Guo Yang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fu-Zhong Qin
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Choi SW, Yin MZ, Park NK, Woo JH, Kim SJ. Dual Mechanisms of Cardiac Action Potential Prolongation by 4-Oxo-Nonenal Increasing the Risk of Arrhythmia; Late Na + Current Induction and hERG K + Channel Inhibition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071139. [PMID: 34356372 PMCID: PMC8301175 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Oxo-nonenal (4-ONE) is an endogenous lipid peroxidation product that is more reactive than 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4-HNE). We previously reported the arrhythmic potential of 4-HNE by suppression of cardiac human Ether-a-go-go Related Gene (hERG) K+ channels with prolonged action potential duration (APD) in cardiomyocytes. Here, we illustrate the higher arrhythmic risk of 4-ONE by modulating the cardiac hNaV1.5 channel currents (INaV). Although the peak amplitude of INaV was not significantly changed by 4-ONE up to 10 μM, the rate of INaV inactivation was slowed, and the late Na+ current (INaL) became larger by 10 μM 4-ONE. The chemical modification of specific residues in hNaV1.5 by 4-ONE was identified using MS-fingerprinting analysis. In addition to the changes in INaV, 4-ONE decreased the delayed rectifier K+ channel currents including the hERG current. The L-type Ca2+ channel current was decreased, whereas its inactivation was slowed by 4-ONE. The APD prolongation by 10 μM of 4-ONE was more prominent than that by 100 μM of 4-HNE. In the computational in silico cardiomyocyte simulation analysis, the changes of INaL by 4-ONE significantly exacerbated the risk of arrhythmia exhibited by the TdP marker, qNet. Our study suggests an arrhythmogenic effect of 4-ONE on cardiac ion channels, especially hNaV1.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Woo Choi
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (S.-W.C.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Ming-Zhe Yin
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (M.-Z.Y.); (N.-K.P.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Na-Kyeong Park
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (M.-Z.Y.); (N.-K.P.)
| | - Joo-Han Woo
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (S.-W.C.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Sung-Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (M.-Z.Y.); (N.-K.P.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-2-740-8230
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty MF, Barroso-Aranda J, Assanga S, Lujan LML, O'Keefe JH. A nutraceutical strategy for downregulating TGFβ signalling: prospects for prevention of fibrotic disorders, including post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis. Open Heart 2021; 8:openhrt-2021-001663. [PMID: 33879509 PMCID: PMC8061562 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James J DiNicolantonio
- Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Simon Assanga
- Department of Research and Postgraduate Studies in Food, University of Sonora, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - James H O'Keefe
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang C, Gaspari TA, Ferens D, Spizzo I, Kemp-Harper BK, Samuel CS. Simultaneous targeting of oxidative stress and fibrosis reverses cardiomyopathy-induced ventricular remodelling and dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2424-2442. [PMID: 33660265 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Oxidative stress and fibrosis are hallmarks of cardiomyopathy-induced heart failure yet are not effectively targeted by current frontline therapies. Here, the therapeutic effects of the anti-oxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), were compared and combined with an acute heart failure drug with established anti-fibrotic effects, serelaxin (RLX), in a murine model of cardiomyopathy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Adult male 129sv mice were subjected to repeated isoprenaline (25 mg·kg-1 )-induced cardiac injury for five consecutive days and then left to undergo fibrotic healing until Day 14. Subgroups of isoprenaline-injured mice were treated with RLX (0.5 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ), NAC (25 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) or both combined, given subcutaneously via osmotic minipumps from Day 7 to 14. Control mice received saline instead of isoprenaline. KEY RESULTS Isoprenaline-injured mice showed increased left ventricular (LV) inflammation (~5-fold), oxidative stress (~1-2.5-fold), cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (~25%), cardiac remodelling, fibrosis (~2-2.5-fold) and dysfunction by Day 14 after injury. NAC alone blocked the cardiomyopathy-induced increase in LV superoxide levels, to a greater extent than RLX. Additionally, either treatment alone only partly reduced several measures of LV inflammation, remodelling and fibrosis. In comparison, the combination of RLX and NAC prevented the cardiomyopathy-induced LV macrophage infiltration, remodelling, fibrosis and cardiomyocyte size, to a greater extent than either treatment alone after 7 days. The combination therapy also restored the isoprenaline-induced reduction in LV function, without affecting systolic BP. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These findings demonstrated that the simultaneous targeting of oxidative stress and fibrosis is key to treating the pathophysiology and dysfunction induced by cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracey A Gaspari
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dorota Ferens
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iresha Spizzo
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara K Kemp-Harper
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brancaccio M, Mennitti C, Cesaro A, Fimiani F, Moscarella E, Caiazza M, Gragnano F, Ranieri A, D’Alicandro G, Tinto N, Mazzaccara C, Lombardo B, Pero R, Limongelli G, Frisso G, Calabrò P, Scudiero O. Dietary Thiols: A Potential Supporting Strategy against Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure and Muscular Damage during Sports Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9424. [PMID: 33339141 PMCID: PMC7765667 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Moderate exercise combined with proper nutrition are considered protective factors against cardiovascular disease and musculoskeletal disorders. However, physical activity is known not only to have positive effects. In fact, the achievement of a good performance requires a very high oxygen consumption, which leads to the formation of oxygen free radicals, responsible for premature cell aging and diseases such as heart failure and muscle injury. In this scenario, a primary role is played by antioxidants, in particular by natural antioxidants that can be taken through the diet. Natural antioxidants are molecules capable of counteracting oxygen free radicals without causing cellular cytotoxicity. In recent years, therefore, research has conducted numerous studies on the identification of natural micronutrients, in order to prevent or mitigate oxidative stress induced by physical activity by helping to support conventional drug therapies against heart failure and muscle damage. The aim of this review is to have an overview of how controlled physical activity and a diet rich in antioxidants can represent a "natural cure" to prevent imbalances caused by free oxygen radicals in diseases such as heart failure and muscle damage. In particular, we will focus on sulfur-containing compounds that have the ability to protect the body from oxidative stress. We will mainly focus on six natural antioxidants: glutathione, taurine, lipoic acid, sulforaphane, garlic and methylsulfonylmethane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Mennitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Arturo Cesaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.G.); (G.L.)
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Fabio Fimiani
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81100 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Moscarella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.G.); (G.L.)
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Martina Caiazza
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81100 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Felice Gragnano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.G.); (G.L.)
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni D’Alicandro
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Center of Sports Medicine and Disability, AORN, Santobono-Pausillipon, 80122 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nadia Tinto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.G.); (G.L.)
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81100 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.G.); (G.L.)
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Progression of heart failure is attenuated by antioxidant therapy with N-acetylcysteine in myocardial infarcted female rats. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8645-8656. [PMID: 33048324 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the therapeutic potential of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the treatment of heart failure in female rats. Myocardial infarcted (MI) rats were given NAC (250 mg/kg/day p.o.) during 28 days after surgery (MI + NAC) or vehicle (MI + Placebo), and sham-operated rats received the same treatments (Sham + NAC and Sham + Placebo). Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic analyses were performed in the last week of treatment. Cardiac mRNA levels of types I and II superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, types I and III glutathione peroxidase (GPX), nerve growth factor (NGF), β1-adrenergic receptor (β1ADR), and type 2 muscarinic receptor (M2R) were assessed. Cardiac levels NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, total content of reduced thiols, and SOD, GPX, and catalase activity were assessed. Compared to MI + Placebo group, MI + NAC group exhibited decreased NOX activity, increased content of reduced thiols, increased GPX activity, and normalized GPX III mRNA levels (p < 0.05). Heart and lung weights, left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume and left atrium/aorta ratio were decreased, while LV posterior wall thickness and ejection fraction were increased in MI + NAC group versus MI + Placebo rats (p < 0.05). Power density of low frequency band was decreased, while power density of high frequency and the root mean square of the successive differences were increased in MI + NAC rats versus MI + Placebo (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that NAC promotes therapeutic effects in the progression of MI-induced heart failure in female rats.
Collapse
|
15
|
Han X, Liu P, Liu M, Wei Z, Fan S, Wang X, Sun S, Chu L. [6]-Gingerol Ameliorates ISO-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis through Inhibition of TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000003. [PMID: 32438504 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE [6]-Gingerol is one of the primary pungent constituents of ginger. While [6]-gingerol has many pharmacological effects, its benefits for myocardial fibrosis, including its exact role and underlying mechanisms, remain largely unexplored. The present study is designed to characterize the cardio-protective effects of [6]-gingerol in myocardial fibrosis mice and possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are subcutaneously injected with isoproterenol (ISO, 10 mg kg-1 ) and gavaged with [6]-gingerol (10, 20 mg kg-1 day-1 ) for 14 days. Pathological alterations, fibrosis, oxidative stress, inflammation response, and apoptosis are examined. In ISO-induced myocardial fibrosis, [6]-gingerol treatment decreases the J-point, heart rate, cardiac weight index, left ventricle weight index, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase serum levels, calcium concentration, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and increases levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and GSH/GSSG. Further, [6]-gingerol improved ISO-induced morphological pathologies, inhibited inflammation and apoptosis, and suppressed the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. CONCLUSION The protective effect of [6]-gingerol in mice with ISO-induced myocardial fibrosis may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, potentially through the TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China.,Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050091, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Ziheng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Sen Fan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050018, China
| | - Xiangting Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China.,School of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Shijiang Sun
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tarbit E, Singh I, Peart JN, Rose'Meyer RB. Biomarkers for the identification of cardiac fibroblast and myofibroblast cells. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 24:1-15. [PMID: 29987445 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Experimental research has recognized the importance of cardiac fibroblast and myofibroblast cells in heart repair and function. In a normal healthy heart, the cardiac fibroblast plays a central role in the structural, electrical, and chemical aspects within the heart. Interestingly, the transformation of cardiac fibroblast cells to cardiac myofibroblast cells is suspected to play a vital part in the development of heart failure. The ability to differentiate between the two cells types has been a challenge. Myofibroblast cells are only expressed in the stressed or failing heart, so a better understanding of cell function may identify therapies that aid repair of the damaged heart. This paper will provide an outline of what is currently known about cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, the physiological and pathological roles within the heart, and causes for the transition of fibroblasts into myoblasts. We also reviewed the potential markers available for characterizing these cells and found that there is no single-cell specific marker that delineates fibroblast or myofibroblast cells. To characterize the cells of fibroblast origin, vimentin is commonly used. Cardiac fibroblasts can be identified using discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) while α-smooth muscle actin is used to distinguish myofibroblasts. A known cytokine TGF-β1 is well established to cause the transformation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. This review will also discuss clinical treatments that inhibit or reduce the actions of TGF-β1 and its contribution to cardiac fibrosis and heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiri Tarbit
- School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Griffith, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Indu Singh
- School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Griffith, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Griffith, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Roselyn B Rose'Meyer
- School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Griffith, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang S, Che J, Chu Q, Zhang P. The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Radiation-Induced Cardiovascular Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:140. [PMID: 32226786 PMCID: PMC7080656 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing risk of long-term adverse effects from radiotherapy on the cardiovascular structure is receiving increasing attention. However, the mechanisms underlying this increased risk remain poorly understood. Recently, the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing family pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was suggested to play a critical role in radiation-induced cardiovascular injury. However, the relationship between ionizing radiation and the NLRP3 inflammasome in acute and chronic inflammation is complex. We reviewed literature detailing pathological changes and molecular mechanisms associated with radiation-induced damage to the cardiovascular structure, with a specific focus on NLRP3 inflammasome-related cardiovascular diseases. We also summarized possible therapeutic strategies for the prevention of radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Che
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
N-acetylcysteine Decreases Fibrosis and Increases Force-Generating Capacity of mdx Diaphragm. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120581. [PMID: 31771272 PMCID: PMC6943616 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory muscle weakness occurs due to dystrophin deficiency in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The mdx mouse model of DMD shows evidence of impaired respiratory muscle performance with attendant inflammation and oxidative stress. We examined the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation on respiratory system performance in mdx mice. Eight-week-old male wild type (n = 10) and mdx (n = 20) mice were studied; a subset of mdx (n = 10) received 1% NAC in the drinking water for 14 days. We assessed breathing, diaphragm, and external intercostal electromyogram (EMG) activities and inspiratory pressure during ventilatory and non-ventilatory behaviours. Diaphragm muscle structure and function, cytokine concentrations, glutathione status, and mRNA expression were determined. Diaphragm force-generating capacity was impaired in mdx compared with wild type. Diaphragm muscle remodelling was observed in mdx, characterized by increased muscle fibrosis, immune cell infiltration, and central myonucleation. NAC supplementation rescued mdx diaphragm function. Collagen content and immune cell infiltration were decreased in mdx + NAC compared with mdx diaphragms. The cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and KC/GRO were increased in mdx plasma and diaphragm compared with wild type; NAC decreased systemic IL-1β and KC/GRO concentrations in mdx mice. We reveal that NAC treatment improved mdx diaphragm force-generating capacity associated with beneficial anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. These data support the potential use of NAC as an adjunctive therapy in human dystrophinopathies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Oxidative Stress in Cell Death and Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9030563. [PMID: 31781356 PMCID: PMC6875219 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ROS functions as a second messenger and modulates multiple signaling pathways under the physiological conditions. However, excessive intracellular ROS causes damage to the molecular components of the cell, which promotes the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are serious threats to human health with extremely high rates of morbidity and mortality. Dysregulation of cell death promotes the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and is the clinical target during the disease treatment. Numerous studies show that ROS production is closely linked to the cell death process and promotes the occurrence and development of the cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the regulation of intracellular ROS, the roles of ROS played in the development of cardiovascular diseases, and the programmed cell death induced by intracellular ROS. We also focus on anti-ROS system and the potential application of anti-ROS strategy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiayu Y, Botta A, Simtchouk S, Winkler J, Renaud LM, Dadlani H, Rasmussen B, Elango R, Ghosh S. Egg white consumption increases GSH and lowers oxidative damage in 110-week-old geriatric mice hearts. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 76:108252. [PMID: 31816560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The number of geriatrics with an advanced age is rising worldwide, with attendant cardiovascular disorders, characterized by elevated oxidative stress. Such oxidative stress is accelerated by an age-related loss of critical antioxidants like glutathione (GSH) and dietary solutions to combat this loss does not exist. While egg white is rich in sulphur amino acids (AAs), precursors for GSH biosynthesis, whether they can increase sulphur AA in vivo and augment GSH in the aged myocardium remain unclear. We hypothesized that egg white consumption increases GSH and reduces oxidative damage and inflammation in the geriatric heart. To this end, 101-102 week-old mice were given a AIN 76A diet supplemented with either 9% w/w egg white powder or casein for 8 weeks. Subsequent analysis revealed that egg white increased serum sulphur AA and cardiac GSH, while reducing the cysteine carrying transporter SNAT-2 and elevating glutamine transporter ASCT2 in the heart. Increased GSH was accompanied by elevated expression of GSH biosynthesis enzyme glutathione synthase as well as mitochondrial antioxidants like superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 1 in egg white-fed hearts. These hearts also demonstrated lower oxidative damage of lipids (4-hydroxynonenal) and proteins [nitrotyrosine] with elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 gene expression. These data demonstrate that even at the end of lifespan, egg whites remain effective in promoting serum sulphur AAs and preserve cardiac GSH with potent anti-oxidant and mild anti-inflammatory effects in the geriatric myocardium. We conclude that egg white intake may be an effective dietary strategy to attenuate oxidative damage in the senescent heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jiayu
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - Amy Botta
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - Svetlana Simtchouk
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - John Winkler
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - Lisa M Renaud
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - Hansika Dadlani
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - Betina Rasmussen
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rajavel Elango
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang Y, Chen S, Tao L, Gan S, Luo H, Xu Y, Shen X. Inhibitory Effects of Oxymatrine on Transdifferentiation of Neonatal Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts to Myofibroblasts Induced by Aldosterone via Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5375-5388. [PMID: 31325292 PMCID: PMC6662943 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxymatrine (OMT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the traditional Chinese herb Radix Sophorae flavescentis, has widely reported pharmacological efficacy in treating cardiovascular dysfunction-related diseases. However, the underlying mechanism has been unclear. Here, we investigated the potential inhibitory effects and mechanism of OMT on transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblasts induced by aldosterone in vitro. Material/Methods The cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs) proliferation and migration capacity were evaluated by MTT assay, cell cycle assay, and scratch analysis, respectively. The protein expression of the Nrf2/Keap1 signal pathway, FN, Collagen I, Collagen III, α-SMA, CTGF, and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) protein was detected by Western blot analysis. The mRNA expression of Nrf2 was detected by qRT-PCR. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression of α-SMA protein. Nrf2 siRNA was used to explore the role of Nrf2 in OMT-treated CFBs. GSH, SOD, and MDA levels and hydroxyproline content were measured by colorimetric assay with commercial kits. The DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to assess cellular ROS levels. Results OMT and Curcumin (an Nrf2 agonist) attenuated aldosterone (ALD)-induced proliferation and migration in CFBs, as well as the fibrosis-associated protein expression levels. Moreover, OMT activated Nrf2 and promoted the nucleus translocation of Nrf2. OMT alleviated the elevated levels of α-SMA, Collagen I, Collagen III, and CTGF, which were abrogated by the Nrf2 siRNA transfection. We also found that OMT decreased oxidative stress levels. Conclusions Our results confirm that OMT alleviates transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts induced by aldosterone via activating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- The Department of Pharmacognosy (The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Shiping Chen
- The Department of Pharmacognosy (The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Ling Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Shiquan Gan
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Luo
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yini Xu
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The Department of Pharmacognosy (The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lipoxidation in cardiovascular diseases. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101119. [PMID: 30833142 PMCID: PMC6859589 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids can go through lipid peroxidation, an endogenous chain reaction that consists in the oxidative degradation of lipids leading to the generation of a wide variety of highly reactive carbonyl species (RCS), such as short-chain carbonyl derivatives and oxidized truncated phospholipids. RCS exert a wide range of biological effects due to their ability to interact and covalently bind to nucleophilic groups on other macromolecules, such as nucleic acids, phospholipids, and proteins, forming reversible and/or irreversible modifications and generating the so-called advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALEs). Lipoxidation plays a relevant role in the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), mainly in the atherosclerosis-based diseases in which oxidized lipids and their adducts have been extensively characterized and associated with several processes responsible for the onset and development of atherosclerosis, such as endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Herein we will review the current knowledge on the sources of lipids that undergo oxidation in the context of cardiovascular diseases, both from the bloodstream and tissues, and the methods for detection, characterization, and quantitation of their oxidative products and protein adducts. Moreover, lipoxidation and ALEs have been associated with many oxidative-based diseases, including CVD, not only as potential biomarkers but also as therapeutic targets. Indeed, several therapeutic strategies, acting at different levels of the ALEs cascade, have been proposed, essentially blocking ALEs formation, but also their catabolism or the resulting biological responses they induce. However, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of formation and targets of ALEs could expand the available therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
23
|
Giam B, Chu PY, Kuruppu S, Smith AI, Horlock D, Murali A, Kiriazis H, Du XJ, Kaye DM, Rajapakse NW. Serelaxin attenuates renal inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1593-1602. [DOI: 10.1113/ep087189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Giam
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Central Clinical School; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Po-Yin Chu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Sanjaya Kuruppu
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - A. Ian Smith
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Duncan Horlock
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Aishwarya Murali
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - David M. Kaye
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Medicine; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Niwanthi W. Rajapakse
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences; University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Panahi M, Papanikolaou A, Torabi A, Zhang JG, Khan H, Vazir A, Hasham MG, Cleland JGF, Rosenthal NA, Harding SE, Sattler S. Immunomodulatory interventions in myocardial infarction and heart failure: a systematic review of clinical trials and meta-analysis of IL-1 inhibition. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1445-1461. [PMID: 30010800 PMCID: PMC6106100 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a myocardial infarction (MI), the immune system helps to repair ischaemic damage and restore tissue integrity, but excessive inflammation has been implicated in adverse cardiac remodelling and development towards heart failure (HF). Pre-clinical studies suggest that timely resolution of inflammation may help prevent HF development and progression. Therapeutic attempts to prevent excessive post-MI inflammation in patients have included pharmacological interventions ranging from broad immunosuppression to immunomodulatory approaches targeting specific cell types or factors with the aim to maintain beneficial aspects of the early post-MI immune response. These include the blockade of early initiators of inflammation including reactive oxygen species and complement, inhibition of mast cell degranulation and leucocyte infiltration, blockade of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibition of adaptive B and T-lymphocytes. Herein, we provide a systematic review on post-MI immunomodulation trials and a meta-analysis of studies targeting the inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-1. Despite an enormous effort into a significant number of clinical trials on a variety of targets, a striking heterogeneity in study population, timing and type of treatment, and highly variable endpoints limits the possibility for meaningful meta-analyses. To conclude, we highlight critical considerations for future studies including (i) the therapeutic window of opportunity, (ii) immunological effects of routine post-MI medication, (iii) stratification of the highly diverse post-MI patient population, (iv) the potential benefits of combining immunomodulatory with regenerative therapies, and at last (v) the potential side effects of immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Panahi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Angelos Papanikolaou
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Azam Torabi
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, UK
| | - Ji-Gang Zhang
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, USA
| | - Habib Khan
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, UK
| | - Ali Vazir
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, UK
| | | | - John G F Cleland
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, UK
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, USA
| | - Sian E Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Susanne Sattler
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dludla PV, Dias SC, Obonye N, Johnson R, Louw J, Nkambule BB. A Systematic Review on the Protective Effect of N-Acetyl Cysteine Against Diabetes-Associated Cardiovascular Complications. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2018; 18:283-298. [PMID: 29623672 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-018-0275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure is the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes. No treatment currently exists to specifically protect these patients at risk of developing cardiovascular complications. Accelerated oxidative stress-induced tissue damage due to persistent hyperglycemia is one of the major factors implicated in deteriorated cardiac function within a diabetic state. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), through its enhanced capacity to endogenously synthesize glutathione, a potent antioxidant, has displayed abundant health-promoting properties and has a favorable safety profile. OBJECTIVE An increasing number of experimental studies have reported on the strong ameliorative properties of NAC. We systematically reviewed the data on the cardioprotective potential of this compound to provide an informative summary. METHODS Two independent reviewers systematically searched major databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google scholar, and Embase for available studies reporting on the ameliorative effects of NAC as a monotherapy or in combination with other therapies against diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications. We used the ARRIVE and JBI appraisal guidelines to assess the quality of individual studies included in the review. A meta-analysis could not be performed because the included studies were heterogeneous and data from randomized clinical trials were unavailable. RESULTS Most studies support the ameliorative potential of NAC against a number of diabetes-associated complications, including oxidative stress. We discuss future prospects, such as identification of additional molecular mechanisms implicated in diabetes-induced cardiac damage, and highlight limitations, such as insufficient studies reporting on the comparative effect of NAC with common glucose-lowering therapies. Information on the comparative analysis of NAC, in terms of dose selection, administration mode, and its effect on different cardiovascular-related markers is important for translation into clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS NAC exhibits strong potential for the protection of the diabetic heart at risk of myocardial infarction through inhibition of oxidative stress. The effect of NAC in preventing both ischemia and non-ischemic-associated cardiac damage is also of interest. Consistency in dose selection in most studies reported remains important in dose translation for clinical relevance.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs are a class of small RNA molecules that inhibit protein expression through either degradation of messenger RNA or interference with protein translation. Our previous work suggested an involvement of miR-30e in myocardial fibrosis; however, the exact role of miR-30e in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms are not known. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with isoproterenol (ISO) to induce cardiac remodeling and fibrosis and treated with either miR-30e agomir (AG) or antagomir and respective controls. The expression of miR-30e was evaluated by reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Myocardial fibrosis was assessed by Masson's trichrome staining, and the level of oxidative stress and the expression of Snai1 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) were detected using Western blots. Results: A significant downregulation of miR-30e was found in the hearts of ISO-treated rats with cardiac fibrosis compared with nontreated controls. In vivo administration of miR-30e AG increased the survival of ISO-treated rats compared with AG-negative control administration, which was associated with reduced oxidative stress. We further identified Snai1 as a novel miR-30e target. Snai1 expression was significantly increased in hearts from ISO-treated rats, which coincided with decreased miR-30e expression and increased TGF-β expression. An miR-30e putative target sequence was identified in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) Snai1. In a reporter assay, miR-30e greatly suppressed the activity of wild-type 3′-UTR–fused luciferase reporter, but showed no significant effect with the mutated 3′-UTR–fused reporter. Conclusion: MiR-30e attenuated ISO-induced cardiac dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis in a rat cardiac remodeling model. Mechanistically, miR-30e suppressed Snai1/TGF-β pathway which was involved in ISO-induced cardiac remodeling.
Collapse
|
27
|
Scalzo RL, Bauer TA, Harrall K, Moreau K, Ozemek C, Herlache L, McMillin S, Huebschmann AG, Dorosz J, Reusch JEB, Regensteiner JG. Acute vitamin C improves cardiac function, not exercise capacity, in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2018; 10:7. [PMID: 29456629 PMCID: PMC5813393 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-018-0306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have impaired exercise capacity, even in the absence of complications, which is predictive of their increased cardiovascular mortality. Cardiovascular dysfunction is one potential cause of this exercise defect. Acute infusion of vitamin C has been separately shown to improve diastolic and endothelial function in prior studies. We hypothesized that acute vitamin C infusion would improve exercise capacity and that these improvements would be associated with improved cardiovascular function. METHODS Adults with T2D (n = 31, 7 female, 24 male, body mass index (BMI): 31.5 ± 0.8 kg/m2) and BMI-similar healthy adults (n = 21, 11 female, 10 male, BMI: 30.4 ± 0.7 kg/m2) completed two randomly ordered visits: IV infusion of vitamin C (7.5 g) and a volume-matched saline infusion. During each visit peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD), reactive hyperemia (RH; plethysmography), and cardiac echocardiography were measured. General linear mixed models were utilized to assess the differences in all study variables. RESULTS Acute vitamin C infusion improved diastolic function, assessed by lateral and septal E:E' (P < 0.01), but did not change RH (P = 0.92), or VO2peak (P = 0.33) in any participants. CONCLUSION Acute vitamin C infusion improved diastolic function but did not change FMD, forearm reactive hyperemia, or peak exercise capacity. Future studies should further clarify the role of endothelial function as well as other possible physiological causes of exercise impairment in order to provide potential therapeutic targets.Trial registration NCT00786019. Prospectively registered May 2008.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Scalzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), 12801 E17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
| | - Timothy A. Bauer
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
| | - Kylie Harrall
- Department of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
| | - Kerrie Moreau
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
- VAMC-Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Denver, CO 80215 USA
| | - Cemal Ozemek
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
| | - Leah Herlache
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
| | - Shawna McMillin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
| | - Amy G. Huebschmann
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
| | - Jennifer Dorosz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
| | - Jane E. B. Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), 12801 E17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
- Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC), Denver, CO 80215 USA
| | - Judith G. Regensteiner
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Giam B, Kuruppu S, Chu PY, Smith AI, Marques FZ, Fiedler A, Horlock D, Kiriazis H, Du XJ, Kaye DM, Rajapakse NW. N-Acetylcysteine Attenuates the Development of Renal Fibrosis in Transgenic Mice with Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17718. [PMID: 29255249 PMCID: PMC5735149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the renal pathology in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type 2 remain elusive. We hypothesised that renal glutathione deficiency is central to the development of CRS type 2. Glutathione precursor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC;40 mg/kg/day; 8 weeks) or saline were administered to transgenic mice with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and wild-type (WT) controls. Cardiac structure, function and glutathione levels were assessed at the end of this protocol. Renal fibrosis, glutathione content, expression of inflammatory and fibrotic markers, and function were also evaluated. In both genotypes, NAC had minimal effect on cardiac glutathione, structure and function (P ≥ 0.20). In NAC treated DCM mice, loss of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), tubulointerstitial and glomerular fibrosis and renal oxidised glutathione levels were attenuated by 38%, 99%, 70% and 52% respectively, compared to saline treated DCM mice (P ≤ 0.01). Renal expression of PAI-1 was greater in saline treated DCM mice than in WT mice (P < 0.05). Renal PAI-1 expression was less in NAC treated DCM mice than in vehicle treated DCM mice (P = 0.03). Renal IL-10 expression was greater in the former cohort compared to the latter (P < 0.01). These data indicate that normalisation of renal oxidized glutathione levels attenuates PAI-1 expression and renal inflammation preventing loss of GFR in experimental DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Giam
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia. .,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sanjaya Kuruppu
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Po-Yin Chu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Ian Smith
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - April Fiedler
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Duncan Horlock
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Niwanthi W Rajapakse
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kanaan GN, Ichim B, Gharibeh L, Maharsy W, Patten DA, Xuan JY, Reunov A, Marshall P, Veinot J, Menzies K, Nemer M, Harper ME. Glutaredoxin-2 controls cardiac mitochondrial dynamics and energetics in mice, and protects against human cardiac pathologies. Redox Biol 2017; 14:509-521. [PMID: 29101900 PMCID: PMC5675898 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxin 2 (GRX2), a mitochondrial glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase, is central to glutathione homeostasis and mitochondrial redox, which is crucial in highly metabolic tissues like the heart. Previous research showed that absence of Grx2, leads to impaired mitochondrial complex I function, hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in mice but the impact on mitochondrial structure and function in intact cardiomyocytes and in humans has not been explored. We hypothesized that Grx2 controls cardiac mitochondrial dynamics and function in cellular and mouse models, and that low expression is associated with human cardiac dysfunction. Here we show that Grx2 absence impairs mitochondrial fusion, ultrastructure and energetics in primary cardiomyocytes and cardiac tissue. Moreover, provision of the glutathione precursor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to Grx2-/- mice did not restore glutathione redox or prevent impairments. Using genetic and histopathological data from the human Genotype-Tissue Expression consortium we demonstrate that low GRX2 is associated with fibrosis, hypertrophy, and infarct in the left ventricle. Altogether, GRX2 is important in the control of cardiac mitochondrial structure and function, and protects against human cardiac pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georges N Kanaan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Bianca Ichim
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Lara Gharibeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Wael Maharsy
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - David A Patten
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Jian Ying Xuan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Arkadiy Reunov
- Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Y 4W7
| | - Philip Marshall
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Health Sciences, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - John Veinot
- Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Y 4W7; The Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H8L6; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Keir Menzies
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5; Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Health Sciences, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Mona Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jia G, Leng B, Wang H, Dai H. Inhibition of cardiotrophin‑1 overexpression is involved in the anti‑fibrotic effect of Astrogaloside IV. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8365-8370. [PMID: 28990065 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AsIV), one of the major active ingredients in Astragalus membranaceus, has demonstrated remarkable antifibrotic effects via its antioxidative activity. Cardiac fibrosis is an important pathological mechanism during cardiac remodelling associated with heart failure. In the present study, the mechanism underlying the antifibrotic effect of AsIV upon isoprenaline (ISO) stimulation was investigated. AsIV significantly improved cardiac fibrosis in vivo and dose‑dependently inhibited ISO‑induced CF proliferation in vitro. The ISO‑triggered elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was remarkably inhibited by AsIV, as well as ROS scavenger N‑acetylcysteine (NAC), and not affected by cardiotrophin‑1 (CT‑1) knockdown. In addition, AsIV effectively reversed ISO‑induced upregulation of CT‑1 expression, which was blunted by pretreatment with NAC. Cardiac fibroblast (CF) proliferation and collagen Ι overexpression induced by ISO stimulation were effectively abrogated by AsIV, NAC, and CT‑1 small interfering RNA transfection. Taken together, these results demonstrated that AsIV was able to effectively inhibit ISO‑induced CF proliferation and collagen production through negative regulation of ROS‑mediated CT‑1 upregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guizhi Jia
- Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Leng
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Dai
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dludla PV, Nkambule BB, Dias SC, Johnson R. Cardioprotective potential of N-acetyl cysteine against hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative damage: a protocol for a systematic review. Syst Rev 2017; 6:96. [PMID: 28499416 PMCID: PMC5427588 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative damage is a well-established factor implicated in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in diabetic individuals. Some of the well-known characteristics of DCM include increased myocardial left ventricular wall thickness and remodelling that result in reduced cardiac efficiency. To prevent this, an increasing number of pharmacological compounds such as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) are explored for their antioxidant properties. A few studies have shown that NAC can ameliorate hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative damage within the heart. Hence, the objective of this review is to synthesise the available evidence pertaining to the cardioprotective role of NAC against hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative damage and thus prevent DCM. METHODS This systematic review protocol will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. We will perform a comprehensive search on major databases such as EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed and Google scholar for original research articles published from January 1960 to March 2017. We will only report on literature that is available in English. Two authors will independently screen for eligible studies using pre-defined criteria, and data extraction will be done in duplicate. All discrepancies will be resolved by consensus or consultation of a third reviewer. The quality of studies will be checked using Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool and The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tools for non-randomised experimental studies. Heterogeneity across studies will be assessed using the Cochrane Q statistic and the inconsistency index (I 2). We will use the random effects model to calculate a pooled estimate. DISCUSSION Although several studies have shown that NAC can ameliorate hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative damage within the heart, this systematic review will be the first pre-registered synthesis of data to identify the cardioprotective potential of NAC against hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative damage. This result will help guide future research evaluating the cardioprotective role of NAC against DCM and better identify possible mechanisms of action for NAC to prevent oxidative damage with a diabetic heart. SYSTEMIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017055851 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Stephanie C Dias
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Su W, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Xu J, Zhan L, Zhu Q, Lian Q, Liu H, Xia ZY, Xia Z, Lei S. N-acetylcysteine attenuates myocardial dysfunction and postischemic injury by restoring caveolin-3/eNOS signaling in diabetic rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:146. [PMID: 27733157 PMCID: PMC5062884 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with diabetes are prone to develop cardiac hypertrophy and more susceptible to myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury, which are concomitant with hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and impaired endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS)/NO signaling. Caveolae are critical in the transduction of eNOS/NO signaling in cardiovascular system. Caveolin (Cav)-3, the cardiomyocytes-specific caveolae structural protein, is decreased in the diabetic heart in which production of reactive oxygen species are increased. We hypothesized that treatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could enhance cardiac Cav-3 expression and attenuate caveolae dysfunction and the accompanying eNOS/NO signaling abnormalities in diabetes. Methods Control or streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were either untreated or treated with NAC (1.5 g/kg/day, NAC) by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Rats in subgroup were randomly assigned to receive 30 min of left anterior descending artery ligation followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Isolated rat cardiomyocytes or H9C2 cells were exposed to low glucose (LG, 5.5 mmol/L) or high glucose (HG, 25 mmol/L) for 36 h before being subjected to 4 h of hypoxia followed by 4 h of reoxygenation (H/R). Results NAC treatment ameliorated myocardial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy, and attenuated myocardial I/R injury and post-ischemic cardiac dysfunction in diabetic rats. NAC attenuated the reductions of NO, Cav-3 and phosphorylated eNOS and mitigated the augmentation of O2−, nitrotyrosine and 15-F2t-isoprostane in diabetic myocardium. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated the colocalization of Cav-3 and eNOS in isolated cardiomyocytes. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that diabetic conditions decreased the association of Cav-3 and eNOS in isolated cardiomyocytes, which was enhanced by treatment with NAC. Disruption of caveolae by methyl-β-cyclodextrin or Cav-3 siRNA transfection reduced eNOS phosphorylation. NAC treatment attenuated the reductions of Cav-3 expression and eNOS phosphorylation in HG-treated cardiomyocytes or H9C2 cells. NAC treatment attenuated HG and H/R induced cell injury, which was abolished during concomitant treatment with Cav-3 siRNA or eNOS siRNA. Conclusions Hyperglycemia-induced inhibition of eNOS activity might be consequences of caveolae dysfunction and reduced Cav-3 expression. Antioxidant NAC attenuated myocardial dysfunction and myocardial I/R injury by improving Cav-3/eNOS signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wating Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongxia Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liying Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Shaoqing Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Giam B, Chu PY, Kuruppu S, Smith AI, Horlock D, Kiriazis H, Du XJ, Kaye DM, Rajapakse NW. N-acetylcysteine attenuates the development of cardiac fibrosis and remodeling in a mouse model of heart failure. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/7/e12757. [PMID: 27081162 PMCID: PMC4831326 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. We aimed to determine whether the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine can attenuate cardiac fibrosis and remodeling in a mouse model of heart failure. Minipumps were implanted subcutaneously in wild‐type mice (n = 20) and mice with cardiomyopathy secondary to cardiac specific overexpression of mammalian sterile 20‐like kinase 1 (MST‐1; n = 18) to administer N‐acetylcysteine (40 mg/kg per day) or saline for a period of 8 weeks. At the end of this period, cardiac remodeling and function was assessed via echocardiography. Fibrosis, oxidative stress, and expression of collagen types I and III were quantified in heart tissues. Cardiac perivascular and interstitial fibrosis were greater by 114% and 209%, respectively, in MST‐1 compared to wild type (P ≤ 0.001). In MST‐1 mice administered N‐acetylcysteine, perivascular and interstitial fibrosis were 40% and 57% less, respectively, compared to those treated with saline (P ≤ 0. 03). Cardiac oxidative stress was 119% greater in MST‐1 than in wild type (P < 0.001) and N‐acetylcysteine attenuated oxidative stress in MST‐1 by 42% (P = 0.005). These data indicate that N‐acetylcysteine can blunt cardiac fibrosis and related remodeling in the setting of heart failure potentially by reducing oxidative stress. This study provides the basis to investigate the role of N‐acetylcysteine in chronic heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Giam
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Po-Yin Chu
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sanjaya Kuruppu
- Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Ian Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Duncan Horlock
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Niwanthi W Rajapakse
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|