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Shanu-Wilson J, Coe S, Evans L, Steele J, Wrigley S. Small molecule drug metabolite synthesis and identification: why, when and how? Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103943. [PMID: 38452922 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The drug discovery and development process encompasses the interrogation of metabolites arising from the biotransformation of drugs. Here we look at why, when and how metabolites of small-molecule drugs are synthesised from the perspective of a specialist contract research organisation, with particular attention paid to projects for which regulatory oversight is relevant during this journey. To illustrate important aspects, we look at recent case studies, trends and learnings from our experience of making and identifying metabolites over the past ten years, along with with selected examples from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Shanu-Wilson
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, UK.
| | - Samuel Coe
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, UK
| | - Liam Evans
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, UK
| | - Jonathan Steele
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, UK
| | - Stephen Wrigley
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, UK
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2
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Zhang P, Xu J, Zhou Y. The relationship between gastric microbiome features and responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1357261. [PMID: 38694796 PMCID: PMC11061454 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1357261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence demonstrates that the gastrointestinal microbiome has the potential to be a biomarker in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). Yet studies on the impact of the gastric microbiome (GM) on the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) are still scarce. Methods Forty-eight patients with gastric cancer participated in this retrospective study, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to evaluate formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue biospecimens and fresh-frozen tissues. Results In this study, 16 bacterial taxa at different levels, including Bacillus, Anaerococcus, and Chloroflexi, were identified to be enriched before NACT in response (R) patients in group FFPE. In contrast, 6 bacterial taxa, such as Haemophilus, Veillonellaceae (Veillonella), etc. were enriched after NACT, in which we reported for the first time that the phylum Chloroflexi was enriched before NACT in R patients. Thirty-one bacterial taxa of Coriobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Veillonellaceae, and Lachnospiraceae were identified in group mucosa as being enriched in R patients. In comparison, 4 bacterial taxa dominated by the phylum Proteobacteria were enriched in NR patients. Notably, the family Veillonellaceae was found in both tissue samples, and the metabolic pathways, including the citrate cycle (TCA cycle) and various amino acids, including alanine, were found to be potentially predictive in both sample species. Conclusion There are differences in the features of the GM for different NACT response results. The causal relationship deserves to be confirmed by further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianfei Xu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Agbalalah T, Bur D, Nwonu EJ, Rowaiye AB. Gut Microbiota: Potential Therapeutic Target for Sickle Cell Disease Pain and Complications. Anemia 2024; 2024:5431000. [PMID: 38533265 PMCID: PMC10965282 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5431000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Sickle cell disease has witnessed a 41.4% surge from 2000 to 2021, significantly affecting morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in children from regions with elevated under-5 mortality rates. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is increasingly recognised in SCD, exacerbating complications, particularly chronic pain, marked by significant alterations of proinflammatory bacteria abundance. This review explores the therapeutic potential of Akkermansia muciniphila and Roseburia spp. in alleviating SCD-related complications, emphasising their roles in maintaining gut barrier integrity, reducing inflammation, and modulating immune responses. Method A literature search up to November 2023 using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases explored SCD pathophysiology, gut microbiota composition, Akkermansia muciniphila and Roseburia spp. abundance, pain and gut dysbiosis in SCD, and butyrate therapy. Result A. muciniphila and Roseburia spp. supplementation shows promise in alleviating chronic pain by addressing gut dysbiosis, offering new avenues for sustainable SCD management. This approach holds the potential for reducing reliance on reactive treatments and improving overall quality of life. This research underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiome in SCD, advocating for personalised treatment approaches. Conclusion Further exploration and clinical trials are needed to harness the full potential of these gut bacteria for individuals affected by this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarimoboere Agbalalah
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Doofan Bur
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
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Jimonet P, Druart C, Blanquet-Diot S, Boucinha L, Kourula S, Le Vacon F, Maubant S, Rabot S, Van de Wiele T, Schuren F, Thomas V, Walther B, Zimmermann M. Gut Microbiome Integration in Drug Discovery and Development of Small Molecules. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:274-287. [PMID: 38307852 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Human microbiomes, particularly in the gut, could have a major impact on the efficacy and toxicity of drugs. However, gut microbial metabolism is often neglected in the drug discovery and development process. Medicen, a Paris-based human health innovation cluster, has gathered more than 30 international leading experts from pharma, academia, biotech, clinical research organizations, and regulatory science to develop proposals to facilitate the integration of microbiome science into drug discovery and development. Seven subteams were formed to cover the complementary expertise areas of 1) pharma experience and case studies, 2) in silico microbiome-drug interaction, 3) in vitro microbial stability screening, 4) gut fermentation models, 5) animal models, 6) microbiome integration in clinical and regulatory aspects, and 7) microbiome ecosystems and models. Each expert team produced a state-of-the-art report of their respective field highlighting existing microbiome-related tools at every stage of drug discovery and development. The most critical limitations are the growing, but still limited, drug-microbiome interaction data to produce predictive models and the lack of agreed-upon standards despite recent progress. In this paper we will report on and share proposals covering 1) how microbiome tools can support moving a compound from drug discovery to clinical proof-of-concept studies and alert early on potential undesired properties stemming from microbiome-induced drug metabolism and 2) how microbiome data can be generated and integrated in pharmacokinetic models that are predictive of the human situation. Examples of drugs metabolized by the microbiome will be discussed in detail to support recommendations from the working group. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Gut microbial metabolism is often neglected in the drug discovery and development process despite growing evidence of drugs' efficacy and safety impacted by their interaction with the microbiome. This paper will detail existing microbiome-related tools covering every stage of drug discovery and development, current progress, and limitations, as well as recommendations to integrate them into the drug discovery and development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Jimonet
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Céline Druart
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Lilia Boucinha
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Stephanie Kourula
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Françoise Le Vacon
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Sylvie Maubant
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Sylvie Rabot
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Frank Schuren
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Vincent Thomas
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Bernard Walther
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
| | - Michael Zimmermann
- Medicen Paris Région, Paris, France (P.J.); Pharmabiotic Research Institute, Narbonne, France (C.D.); UMR 454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (S.B.D.); Global Bioinformatics, Evotec ID, Lyon, France (L.B.); Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, JNJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium (S.K.); Biofortis, Saint-Herblain, France (F.L.V.); Translational Pharmacology Department, Oncodesign Services, Dijon, France (S.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France (S.R.); Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (T.V.W.); TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.S.); Lallemand Health Solutions, Blagnac, France (V.T.); Servier, Saclay, France (B.W.); and Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany (M.Z.)
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Tan J, Fu B, Zhao X, Ye L. Novel Techniques and Models for Studying the Role of the Gut Microbiota in Drug Metabolism. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 49:131-147. [PMID: 38123834 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, known as the second human genome, plays a vital role in modulating drug metabolism, significantly impacting therapeutic outcomes and adverse effects. Emerging research has elucidated that the microbiota mediates a range of modifications of drugs, leading to their activation, inactivation, or even toxication. In diverse individuals, variations in the gut microbiota can result in differences in microbe-drug interactions, underscoring the importance of personalized approaches in pharmacotherapy. However, previous studies on drug metabolism in the gut microbiota have been hampered by technical limitations. Nowadays, advances in biotechnological tools, such as microbially derived metabolism screening and microbial gene editing, have provided a deeper insight into the mechanism of drug metabolism by gut microbiota, moving us toward personalized therapeutic interventions. Given this situation, our review summarizes recent advances in the study of gut-microbiota-mediated drug metabolism and showcases techniques and models developed to navigate the challenges posed by the microbial involvement in drug action. Therefore, we not only aim at understanding the complex interaction between the gut microbiota and drugs and outline the development of research techniques and models, but we also summarize the specific applications of new techniques and models in researching gut-microbiota-mediated drug metabolism, with the expectation of providing new insights on how to study drug metabolism by gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Tan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bingxuan Fu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ling Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Jardou M, Brossier C, Marquet P, Picard N, Druilhe A, Lawson R. Solid organ transplantation and gut microbiota: a review of the potential immunomodulatory properties of short-chain fatty acids in graft maintenance. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1342354. [PMID: 38476165 PMCID: PMC10927761 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1342354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Transplantation is the treatment of choice for several end-stage organ defects: it considerably improves patient survival and quality of life. However, post-transplant recipients may experience episodes of rejection that can favor or ultimately lead to graft loss. Graft maintenance requires a complex and life-long immunosuppressive treatment. Different immunosuppressive drugs (i.e., calcineurin inhibitors, glucocorticoids, biological immunosuppressive agents, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, and antiproliferative or antimetabolic agents) are used in combination to mitigate the immune response against the allograft. Unfortunately, the use of these antirejection agents may lead to opportunistic infections, metabolic (e.g., post-transplant diabetes mellitus) or cardiovascular (e.g., arterial hypertension) disorders, cancer (e.g., non-Hodgkin lymphoma) and other adverse effects. Lately, immunosuppressive drugs have also been associated with gut microbiome alterations, known as dysbiosis, and were shown to affect gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production. SCFA play a key immunomodulatory role in physiological conditions, and their impairment in transplant patients could partly counterbalance the effect of immunosuppressive drugs leading to the activation of deleterious pathways and graft rejection. In this review, we will first present an overview of the mechanisms of graft rejection that are prevented by the immunosuppressive protocol. Next, we will explain the dynamic changes of the gut microbiota during transplantation, focusing on SCFA. Finally, we will describe the known functions of SCFA in regulating immune-inflammatory reactions and discuss the impact of SCFA impairment in immunosuppressive drug treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Roland Lawson
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (FRANCE) (INSERM), Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, Limoges, France
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Mendes I, Vale N. Overcoming Microbiome-Acquired Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Biomedicines 2024; 12:227. [PMID: 38275398 PMCID: PMC10813061 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) are one of the most recurrent diseases in the world. Among all GICs, pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest and continues to disrupt people's lives worldwide. The most frequent pancreatic cancer type is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), representing 90 to 95% of all pancreatic malignancies. PC is one of the cancers with the worst prognoses due to its non-specific symptoms that lead to a late diagnosis, but also due to the high resistance it develops to anticancer drugs. Gemcitabine is a standard treatment option for PDAC, however, resistance to this anticancer drug develops very fast. The microbiome was recently classified as a cancer hallmark and has emerged in several studies detailing how it promotes drug resistance. However, this area of study still has seen very little development, and more answers will help in developing personalized medicine. PC is one of the cancers with the highest mortality rates; therefore, it is crucial to explore how the microbiome may mold the response to reference drugs used in PDAC, such as gemcitabine. In this article, we provide a review of what has already been investigated regarding the impact that the microbiome has on the development of PDAC in terms of its effect on the gemcitabine pathway, which may influence the response to gemcitabine. Therapeutic advances in this type of GIC could bring innovative solutions and more effective therapeutic strategies for other types of GIC, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), due to its close relation with the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Mendes
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Edifício de Geociências, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Wang S, Ju D, Zeng X. Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Human Gut Microbiota-Drug Interactions in the Precision Medicine Era. Biomedicines 2024; 12:194. [PMID: 38255298 PMCID: PMC10813426 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota, comprising trillions of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a pivotal player in modulating various aspects of human health and disease. Recent research has shed light on the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and pharmaceuticals, uncovering profound implications for drug metabolism, efficacy, and safety. This review depicted the landscape of molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of dynamic human gut Microbiota-Drug Interactions (MDI), with an emphasis on the impact of MDI on drug responses and individual variations. This review also discussed the therapeutic potential of modulating the gut microbiota or harnessing its metabolic capabilities to optimize clinical treatments and advance personalized medicine, as well as the challenges and future directions in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Xian Zeng
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China;
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9
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Khan MU, Basist P, Gaurav, Zahiruddin S, Penumallu NR, Ahmad S. Ameliorative effect of traditional polyherbal formulation on TNF-α, IL-1β and Caspase-3 expression in kidneys of wistar rats against sodium fluoride induced oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116900. [PMID: 37442489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sharbat-e-bazoori Motadil (SBM) is a polyherbal formulation that have been used for centuries as a part of the Unani system of medicine for renal disease. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to explore and validate the nephroprotective potential of sugar-free SBM (SF-SBM) and its mechanisms of action against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced nephrotoxicity in HEK-293 cells. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the quality control of SF-SBM and investigate its effects using an in vivo rat model with pattern recognition following oral administration of SF-SBM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The nephroprotective effect of SF-SBM was investigated using both an HEK-293 cell line and Wistar rats. Nephrotoxicity was induced in these models by administering NaF at a concentration of 600 ppm (parts per million) for a duration of seven days. The SF-SBM formulation was standardized using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) to assess the presence of marker compounds, namely gallic acid, quercetin, and ferulic acid. Metabolite characterization of SF-SBM was carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) with a monolithic capillary silica-based C18 column. This analytical technique allowed for the identification of bioactive substances and verification of the identified markers. Acute toxicity of SF-SBM was evaluated in Wistar rats by administering a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg of SF-SBM. The nephroprotective efficacy of SF-SBM was further assessed at low (LD), medium (MD) and high (HD) doses of 32.1, 64.2, and 128.4 mg/kg, respectively, administered orally. Nephrotoxicity was induced in Wistar rats by adding NaF to their drinking water for seven days. Biochemical and urine markers were analyzed to evaluate the antioxidant, inflammatory, and apoptotic potential of SF-SBM. Additionally, histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical alterations in the expression of caspase-3 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-4 (NOX-4) in kidney tissue were performed to confirm the findings of the in vivo experiments. Furthermore, in vivo pattern recognition of SF-SBM metabolites, identified through GC-MS metabolomics, and in-silico docking analysis of major metabolites in plasma were conducted to gain further insights. RESULT Phytochemical analysis using HPTLC, TLC-bioautography, and UPLC-MS revealed the presence of several bioactive constituents in SF-SBM, including ferulic acid, gallic acid (GA), ellagic acid, quercetin, and apigenin. These compounds exhibit diverse pharmacological properties. In vitro studies demonstrated the protective effect of SF-SBM on HEK-293 cell line against nephrotoxicity. The acute toxicity study of SF-SBM at a dose of 2000 mg/kg showed no mortality or signs of toxicity throughout the 14-day observation period. In the in vivo studies, administration of NaF resulted in significant elevation (P < 0.001) of biochemical and urine parameters, indicating oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic stress. Histopathological examination revealed severe depletion of Bowman's capsule, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated negative immunostaining for caspase-3 and reduced NOX-4 reactions. Pre-treatment with SF-SBM significantly attenuated the elevated biochemical and urine markers, restored the antioxidant enzyme levels (such as SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx and NO), and regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, CASP-3) in kidney tissue at doses of SF-SBM-MD (64.2 mg/kg) and SF-SBM-HD (128.4 mg/kg), showing comparable results to those of α-Ketoanalogue. Histopathological assessment demonstrated improvements in tissue damage. Pattern recognition analysis of SF-SBM identified the presence of 56 metabolites at different time intervals. Additionally, in-silico studies revealed strong interactions of SF-SBM with a binding energy of -6.5 and -5.6 kcal for 4C2N. CONCLUSION The phytoconstituents present in SF-SBM play a crucial role in its nephroprotective action by acting as potent antioxidants and reducing proinflammatory and apoptotic damage in rat cells. This indicates that SF-SBM has promising potential for the treatment of nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Umar Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy & Pharmacology), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Department of Food Technology, School of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Parakh Basist
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy & Pharmacology), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Gaurav
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy & Pharmacology), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; IIMT College of Medical Sciences, IIMT University, O Pocket Ganga Nagar Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, India
| | - Sultan Zahiruddin
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy & Pharmacology), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Naveen Reddy Penumallu
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy & Pharmacology), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy & Pharmacology), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Department of Food Technology, School of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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10
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Al-Khazaleh AK, Jaye K, Chang D, Münch GW, Bhuyan DJ. Buds and Bugs: A Fascinating Tale of Gut Microbiota and Cannabis in the Fight against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:872. [PMID: 38255944 PMCID: PMC10815411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging research has revealed a complex bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiome and cannabis. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota can significantly influence the pharmacological effects of cannabinoids. One notable finding is the ability of the gut microbiota to metabolise cannabinoids, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This metabolic transformation can alter the potency and duration of cannabinoid effects, potentially impacting their efficacy in cancer treatment. Additionally, the capacity of gut microbiota to activate cannabinoid receptors through the production of secondary bile acids underscores its role in directly influencing the pharmacological activity of cannabinoids. While the literature reveals promising avenues for leveraging the gut microbiome-cannabis axis in cancer therapy, several critical considerations must be accounted for. Firstly, the variability in gut microbiota composition among individuals presents a challenge in developing universal treatment strategies. The diversity in gut microbiota may lead to variations in cannabinoid metabolism and treatment responses, emphasising the need for personalised medicine approaches. The growing interest in understanding how the gut microbiome and cannabis may impact cancer has created a demand for up-to-date, comprehensive reviews to inform researchers and healthcare practitioners. This review provides a timely and invaluable resource by synthesizing the most recent research findings and spotlighting emerging trends. A thorough examination of the literature on the interplay between the gut microbiome and cannabis, specifically focusing on their potential implications for cancer, is presented in this review to devise innovative and effective therapeutic strategies for managing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad K. Al-Khazaleh
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (A.K.A.-K.); (K.J.); (D.C.)
| | - Kayla Jaye
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (A.K.A.-K.); (K.J.); (D.C.)
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (A.K.A.-K.); (K.J.); (D.C.)
| | - Gerald W. Münch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (A.K.A.-K.); (K.J.); (D.C.)
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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11
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Leal F, Zeiringer S, Jeitler R, Costa PF, Roblegg E. A comprehensive overview of advanced dynamic in vitro intestinal and hepatic cell culture models. Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2163820. [PMID: 36680530 PMCID: PMC10832944 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2163820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Orally administered drugs pass through the gastrointestinal tract before being absorbed in the small intestine and metabolised in the liver. To test the efficacy and toxicity of drugs, animal models are often employed; however, they are not suitable for investigating drug-tissue interactions and making reliable predictions, since the human organism differs drastically from animals in terms of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of substances. Likewise, simple static in vitro cell culture systems currently used in preclinical drug screening often do not resemble the native characteristics of biological barriers. Dynamic models, on the other hand, provide in vivo-like cell phenotypes and functionalities that offer great potential for safety and efficacy prediction. Herein, current microfluidic in vitro intestinal and hepatic models are reviewed, namely single- and multi-tissue micro-bioreactors, which are associated with different methods of cell cultivation, i.e., scaffold-based versus scaffold-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Leal
- BIOFABICS, Rua Alfredo Allen 455, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Scarlett Zeiringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitaetsplatz 1, Graz, Austria
| | - Ramona Jeitler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitaetsplatz 1, Graz, Austria
| | - Pedro F. Costa
- BIOFABICS, Rua Alfredo Allen 455, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitaetsplatz 1, Graz, Austria
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12
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Beaven E, Kumar R, An JM, Mendoza H, Sutradhar SC, Choi W, Narayan M, Lee YK, Nurunnabi M. Potentials of ionic liquids to overcome physical and biological barriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 204:115157. [PMID: 38104896 PMCID: PMC10787599 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, ionic liquids (IL) have shown great potential in non-invasive delivery starting from synthetic small molecules to biological large molecules. ILs are emerging as a particular class of drug delivery systems due to their unique physiochemical properties, simple surface modification, and functionalization. These features of IL help achieve specific design principles that are essential for a non-invasive drug delivery system. In this review, we have discussed IL and their applications in non-invasive drug delivery systems. We evaluated state-of-the-art development and advances of IL aiming to mitigate the biological and physical barriers to improve transdermal and oral delivery, summarized in this review. We also provided an overview of the various factors determining the systemic transportation of IL-based formulation. Additionally, we have emphasized how the ILs facilitate the transportation of therapeutic molecules by overcoming biological barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfa Beaven
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Jeong Man An
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannia Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Sabuj Chandra Sutradhar
- 4D Convergence Technology Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Jungpyeong 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonho Choi
- 4D Convergence Technology Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Jungpyeong 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Yong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea; 4D Convergence Technology Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Jungpyeong 27909, Republic of Korea.
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
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13
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Gambirasi M, Safa A, Vruzhaj I, Giacomin A, Sartor F, Toffoli G. Oral Administration of Cancer Vaccines: Challenges and Future Perspectives. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:26. [PMID: 38250839 PMCID: PMC10821404 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines, a burgeoning strategy in cancer treatment, are exploring innovative administration routes to enhance patient and medical staff experiences, as well as immunological outcomes. Among these, oral administration has surfaced as a particularly noteworthy approach, which is attributed to its capacity to ignite both humoral and cellular immune responses at systemic and mucosal tiers, thereby potentially bolstering vaccine efficacy comprehensively and durably. Notwithstanding this, the deployment of vaccines through the oral route in a clinical context is impeded by multifaceted challenges, predominantly stemming from the intricacy of orchestrating effective oral immunogenicity and necessitating strategic navigation through gastrointestinal barriers. Based on the immunogenicity of the gastrointestinal tract, this review critically analyses the challenges and recent advances and provides insights into the future development of oral cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gambirasi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.G.); (I.V.); (F.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Amin Safa
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.G.); (I.V.); (F.S.)
- Doctoral School in Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
| | - Idris Vruzhaj
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.G.); (I.V.); (F.S.)
- Doctoral School in Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Aurora Giacomin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Franca Sartor
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.G.); (I.V.); (F.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.G.); (I.V.); (F.S.)
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14
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Faleye OS, Boya BR, Lee JH, Choi I, Lee J. Halogenated Antimicrobial Agents to Combat Drug-Resistant Pathogens. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 76:90-141. [PMID: 37845080 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance presents us with a potential global crisis as it undermines the abilities of conventional antibiotics to combat pathogenic microbes. The history of antimicrobial agents is replete with examples of scaffolds containing halogens. In this review, we discuss the impacts of halogen atoms in various antibiotic types and antimicrobial scaffolds and their modes of action, structure-activity relationships, and the contributions of halogen atoms in antimicrobial activity and drug resistance. Other halogenated molecules, including carbohydrates, peptides, lipids, and polymeric complexes, are also reviewed, and the effects of halogenated scaffolds on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and factors affecting antimicrobial and antivirulence activities are presented. Furthermore, the potential of halogenation to circumvent antimicrobial resistance and rejuvenate impotent antibiotics is addressed. This review provides an overview of the significance of halogenation, the abilities of halogens to interact in biomolecular settings and enhance pharmacological properties, and their potential therapeutic usages in preventing a postantibiotic era. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Antimicrobial resistance and the increasing impotence of antibiotics are critical threats to global health. The roles and importance of halogen atoms in antimicrobial drug scaffolds have been established, but comparatively little is known of their pharmacological impacts on drug resistance and antivirulence activities. This review is the first to extensively evaluate the roles of halogen atoms in various antibiotic classes and pharmacological scaffolds and to provide an overview of their ability to overcome antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olajide Sunday Faleye
- School of Chemical Engineering (O.S.F., B.R.B., J.-H.L., J.L.) and Department of Medical Biotechnology (I.C.), Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bharath Reddy Boya
- School of Chemical Engineering (O.S.F., B.R.B., J.-H.L., J.L.) and Department of Medical Biotechnology (I.C.), Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering (O.S.F., B.R.B., J.-H.L., J.L.) and Department of Medical Biotechnology (I.C.), Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering (O.S.F., B.R.B., J.-H.L., J.L.) and Department of Medical Biotechnology (I.C.), Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering (O.S.F., B.R.B., J.-H.L., J.L.) and Department of Medical Biotechnology (I.C.), Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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15
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Liu X, Zhang R, Li R, Wu Q, Pan C, Yu X, Liu Y, Wang B, Yu S. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of ibrexafungerp in healthy Chinese subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0107523. [PMID: 37971243 PMCID: PMC10720486 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01075-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ibrexafungerp (code name in China: HS-10366) is a first-in-class and orally active triterpenoid antifungal agent with broad antifungal activity against Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., and other fungal pathogens. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. The study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of oral ibrexafungerp in healthy Chinese adults. A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled single ascending dose (SAD, n = 42), and multiple ascending dose (MAD, n = 28) study was conducted in healthy Chinese subjects from March to October 2022. There were three cohorts in the SAD stage (300, 600, and 1,500 mg) and two cohorts in the MAD stage [450 mg once daily (QD) for 7 days; a loading dose of 750 mg twice daily (BID) for the first 2 days followed by a maintenance dose of 750 mg QD for consecutive 5 days]. Eligible participants in each cohort were randomly assigned in a 6:1 ratio to receive either ibrexafungerp or placebo orally. The primary objectives were to evaluate the safety and tolerability. The secondary objective was to evaluate PK parameters, including Cmax, AUC, and t1/2. A total of 70 healthy Chinese subjects were enrolled in the study. The mean (SD) age was 29.0 (6.32), and 55.7% were male. All treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild or moderate. There were no serious adverse events, and no subjects were discontinued from the study due to TEAEs. All TEAEs were recovered or resolved. The most common TEAEs were diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea. In the SAD stage, Cmax, and AUC increased in an approximately dose-proportional manner in the dose range of 300-1,500 mg. The mean t1/2 was within 18.29-21.30 hours. In the MAD stage, an accumulation of exposure (Cmax and AUC) was observed following multiple doses. This phase 1 study demonstrates a favorable safety, tolerability, and PK profile of ibrexafungerp in healthy Chinese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Phase 1 clinical Trial Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Phase 1 clinical Trial Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Li
- Phase 1 clinical Trial Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Chao Pan
- Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiangqing Yu
- Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Benjie Wang
- Phase 1 clinical Trial Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- Phase 1 clinical Trial Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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16
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Ma B, Gavzy SJ, France M, Song Y, Lwin HW, Kensiski A, Saxena V, Piao W, Lakhan R, Iyyathurai J, Li L, Paluskievicz C, Wu L, WillsonShirkey M, Mongodin EF, Mas VR, Bromberg JS. Rapid intestinal and systemic metabolic reprogramming in an immunosuppressed environment. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:394. [PMID: 38066426 PMCID: PMC10709923 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic metabolism shapes the immune environment associated with immune suppression and tolerance in settings such as organ transplantation and cancer. However, little is known about the metabolic activities in an immunosuppressive environment. In this study, we employed metagenomic, metabolomic, and immunological approaches to profile the early effects of the immunosuppressant drug tacrolimus, antibiotics, or both in gut lumen and circulation using a murine model. Tacrolimus induced rapid and profound alterations in metabolic activities within two days of treatment, prior to alterations in gut microbiota composition and structure. The metabolic profile and gut microbiome after seven days of treatment was distinct from that after two days of treatment, indicating continuous drug effects on both gut microbial ecosystem and host metabolism. The most affected taxonomic groups are Clostriales and Verrucomicrobiae (i.e., Akkermansia muciniphila), and the most affected metabolic pathways included a group of interconnected amino acids, bile acid conjugation, glucose homeostasis, and energy production. Highly correlated metabolic changes were observed between lumen and serum metabolism, supporting their significant interactions. Despite a small sample size, this study explored the largely uncharacterized microbial and metabolic events in an immunosuppressed environment and demonstrated that early changes in metabolic activities can have significant implications that may serve as antecedent biomarkers of immune activation or quiescence. To understand the intricate relationships among gut microbiome, metabolic activities, and immune cells in an immune suppressed environment is a prerequisite for developing strategies to monitor and optimize alloimmune responses that determine transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ma
- Institute of Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Samuel J Gavzy
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Michael France
- Institute of Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Institute of Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Hnin Wai Lwin
- Institute of Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Allison Kensiski
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Wenji Piao
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ram Lakhan
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jegan Iyyathurai
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lushen Li
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Christina Paluskievicz
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Long Wu
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Marina WillsonShirkey
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Emmanuel F Mongodin
- Institute of Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valeria R Mas
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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17
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Lagoumintzis G, Patrinos GP. Triangulating nutrigenomics, metabolomics and microbiomics toward personalized nutrition and healthy living. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:109. [PMID: 38062537 PMCID: PMC10704648 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique physiological and genetic characteristics of individuals influence their reactions to different dietary constituents and nutrients. This notion is the foundation of personalized nutrition. The field of nutrigenetics has witnessed significant progress in understanding the impact of genetic variants on macronutrient and micronutrient levels and the individual's responsiveness to dietary intake. These variants hold significant value in facilitating the development of personalized nutritional interventions, thereby enabling the effective translation from conventional dietary guidelines to genome-guided nutrition. Nevertheless, certain obstacles could impede the extensive implementation of individualized nutrition, which is still in its infancy, such as the polygenic nature of nutrition-related pathologies. Consequently, many disorders are susceptible to the collective influence of multiple genes and environmental interplay, wherein each gene exerts a moderate to modest effect. Furthermore, it is widely accepted that diseases emerge because of the intricate interplay between genetic predisposition and external environmental influences. In the context of this specific paradigm, the utilization of advanced "omic" technologies, including epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiome analysis, in conjunction with comprehensive phenotyping, has the potential to unveil hitherto undisclosed hereditary elements and interactions between genes and the environment. This review aims to provide up-to-date information regarding the fundamentals of personalized nutrition, specifically emphasizing the complex triangulation interplay among microbiota, dietary metabolites, and genes. Furthermore, it highlights the intestinal microbiota's unique makeup, its influence on nutrigenomics, and the tailoring of dietary suggestions. Finally, this article provides an overview of genotyping versus microbiomics, focusing on investigating the potential applications of this knowledge in the context of tailored dietary plans that aim to improve human well-being and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Lagoumintzis
- Division of Pharmacology and Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
| | - George P Patrinos
- Division of Pharmacology and Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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18
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Singh S, Sarma DK, Verma V, Nagpal R, Kumar M. Unveiling the future of metabolic medicine: omics technologies driving personalized solutions for precision treatment of metabolic disorders. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:1-20. [PMID: 37788525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders are increasingly prevalent worldwide, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality. The variety of metabolic illnesses can be addressed through personalized medicine. The goal of personalized medicine is to give doctors the ability to anticipate the best course of treatment for patients with metabolic problems. By analyzing a patient's metabolomic, proteomic, genetic profile, and clinical data, physicians can identify relevant diagnostic, and predictive biomarkers and develop treatment plans and therapy for acute and chronic metabolic diseases. To achieve this goal, real-time modeling of clinical data and multiple omics is essential to pinpoint underlying biological mechanisms, risk factors, and possibly useful data to promote early diagnosis and prevention of complex diseases. Incorporating cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning is crucial for consolidating diverse forms of data, examining multiple variables, establishing databases of clinical indicators to aid decision-making, and formulating ethical protocols to address concerns. This review article aims to explore the potential of personalized medicine utilizing omics approaches for the treatment of metabolic disorders. It focuses on the recent advancements in genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and nutrigenomics, emphasizing their role in revolutionizing personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samradhi Singh
- ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhouri, Bhopal, 462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Devojit Kumar Sarma
- ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhouri, Bhopal, 462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Verma
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhouri, Bhopal, 462030, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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19
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Kolodnitsky AS, Ionov NS, Rudik AV, Filimonov DA, Poroikov VV. HGMMX: Host Gut Microbiota Metabolism Xenobiotics Database. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:6463-6468. [PMID: 37871298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The metagenome of bacteria colonizing the human intestine is a set of genes that is almost 150 times greater than the set of host genes. Some of these genes encode enzymes whose functioning significantly expands the number of potential pathways for xenobiotic metabolism. The resulting metabolites can exhibit activity different from that of the parent compound. This can decrease the efficacy of pharmacotherapy as well as induce undesirable and potentially life-threatening side effects. Thus, analysis of the biotransformation of small drug-like compounds mediated by the gut microbiota is an important step in the development of new pharmaceutical agents and repurposing of the approved drugs. In vitro research, the interaction of drug-like compounds with the gut microbiota is a multistep and time-consuming process. Systematic testing of large sets of chemical structures is associated with a number of challenges, including the lack of standardized techniques and significant financial costs to identify the structure of the final metabolites. Estimation of the compounds' ability to be biotransformed by the gut microbiota and prediction of the structures of their metabolites are possible in silico. However, the development of computational approaches is limited by the lack of information about chemical structures metabolized by microbiota enzymes. The aim of this study is to create a database containing information on the metabolism of drug-like compounds by the gut microbiota. We created the data set containing information about 368 structures metabolized and 310 structures not metabolized by the human gut microbiota. The HGMMX database is freely available at https://www.way2drug.com/hgmmx. The information presented will be useful in the development of computational approaches for analyzing the impact of the human microbiota on metabolism of drug-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton S Kolodnitsky
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Bldg. 8, Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Nikita S Ionov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Bldg. 8, Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Rudik
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Bldg. 8, Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Filimonov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Bldg. 8, Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Poroikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Bldg. 8, Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow, 119121, Russia
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20
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Algrafi AS, Jamal AA, Ismaeel DM. Microbiota as a New Target in Cancer Pathogenesis and Treatment. Cureus 2023; 15:e47072. [PMID: 38021696 PMCID: PMC10645418 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial ecosystem of humans is an integral part of human health and disease. A significant percentage of tumors worldwide are thought to be microbially induced. The relationship between cancer and microbes is complex. In this article review, we aim to give an overview of human microbiota and its role in carcinogenesis, emphasize the relation between microbiota and cancer immunity, and highlight its role in the future of cancer therapy. The term microbiota refers to the collection of microorganisms that are located in an individual, whereas the total genome of these microorganisms is referred to as the microbiome. The microbiota in humans has many physiological functions. The microbiota within the gut lumen has a profound effect on the local and systemic immune system. The immune system can change the gut microbiota. Microbiota may induce carcinogenesis by several mechanisms. It also affects tumor progression. Thus, microbiota modulation may aid in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Intentionally introducing microorganisms into the oncological patient is assumed to mobilize the immune system to become able to, at least, limit the development of cancer. Microbes are used as vectors which are carriers of particular antineoplastic agents that reduce the side effects of chemotherapy. Inflammation and tumor microenvironment play an essential role in promoting chemo-resistance. There is now considerable evidence, both in humans as well as in laboratory animals, that the commensal microbiota has important effects on carcinogenesis, tumor growth, and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer S Algrafi
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
| | - Aisha A Jamal
- General Practice, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
| | - Dana M Ismaeel
- General Practice, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
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21
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Ma B, Gavzy SJ, France M, Song Y, Lwin HW, Kensiski A, Saxena V, Piao W, Lakhan R, Iyyathurai J, Li L, Paluskievicz C, Wu L, WillsonShirkey M, Mongodin EF, Mas VR, Bromberg J. Rapid intestinal and systemic metabolic reprogramming in an immunosuppressed environment. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3364037. [PMID: 37790403 PMCID: PMC10543476 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3364037/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic metabolism shapes the immune environment associated with immune suppression and tolerance in settings such as organ transplantation and cancer. However, little is known about the metabolic activities in an immunosuppressive environment. In this study, we employed metagenomic, metabolomic, and immunological approaches to profile the early effects of the immunosuppressant drug tacrolimus, antibiotics, or both in gut lumen and circulation using a murine model. Tacrolimus induced rapid and profound alterations in metabolic activities within two days of treatment, prior to alterations in gut microbiota composition and structure. The metabolic profile and gut microbiome after seven days of treatment was distinct from that after two days of treatment, indicating continuous drug effects on both gut microbial ecosystem and host metabolism. The most affected taxonomic groups are Clostriales and Verrucomicrobiae (i.e., Akkermansia muciniphila), and the most affected metabolic pathways included a group of interconnected amino acids, bile acid conjugation, glucose homeostasis, and energy production. Highly correlated metabolic changes were observed between lumen and serum metabolism, supporting their significant interactions. Despite a small sample size, this study explored the largely uncharacterized microbial and metabolic events in an immunosuppressed environment and demonstrated that early changes in metabolic activities can have significant implications that may serve as antecedent biomarkers of immune activation or quiescence. To understand the intricate relationships among gut microbiome, metabolic activities, and immune cells in an immune suppressed environment is a prerequisite for developing strategies to monitor and optimize alloimmune responses that determine transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ma
- University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Long Wu
- University of Maryland, Baltimore
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22
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Naja K, Anwardeen N, Al-Hariri M, Al Thani AA, Elrayess MA. Pharmacometabolomic Approach to Investigate the Response to Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2164. [PMID: 37626661 PMCID: PMC10452592 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin constitutes the foundation therapy in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite its multiple beneficial effects and widespread use, there is considerable inter-individual variability in response to metformin. Our objective is to identify metabolic signatures associated with poor and good responses to metformin, which may improve our ability to predict outcomes for metformin treatment. In this cross-sectional study, clinical and metabolic data for 119 patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin were collected from the Qatar Biobank. Patients were empirically dichotomized according to their HbA1C levels into good and poor responders. Differences in the level of metabolites between these two groups were compared using orthogonal partial least square discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) and linear models. Good responders showed increased levels of sphingomyelins, acylcholines, and glutathione metabolites. On the other hand, poor responders showed increased levels of metabolites resulting from glucose metabolism and gut microbiota metabolites. The results of this study have the potential to increase our knowledge of patient response variability to metformin and carry significant implications for enabling personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Naja
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (K.N.); (N.A.); (A.A.A.T.)
| | - Najeha Anwardeen
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (K.N.); (N.A.); (A.A.A.T.)
| | | | - Asmaa A. Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (K.N.); (N.A.); (A.A.A.T.)
- QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Mohamed A. Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (K.N.); (N.A.); (A.A.A.T.)
- QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
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23
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Li R, Shokri F, Rincon AL, Rivadeneira F, Medina-Gomez C, Ahmadizar F. Bi-Directional Interactions between Glucose-Lowering Medications and Gut Microbiome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1572. [PMID: 37628624 PMCID: PMC10454120 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although common drugs for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) are widely used, their therapeutic effects vary greatly. The interaction between the gut microbiome and glucose-lowering drugs is one of the main contributors to the variability in T2D progression and response to therapy. On the one hand, glucose-lowering drugs can alter gut microbiome components. On the other hand, specific gut microbiota can influence glycemic control as the therapeutic effects of these drugs. Therefore, this systematic review assesses the bi-directional relationships between common glucose-lowering drugs and gut microbiome profiles. Methods: A systematic search of Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases was performed. Observational studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs), published from inception to July 2023, comprising T2D patients and investigating bi-directional interactions between glucose-lowering drugs and gut microbiome, were included. Results: Summarised findings indicated that glucose-lowering drugs could increase metabolic-healthy promoting taxa (e.g., Bifidobacterium) and decrease harmful taxa (e.g., Bacteroides and Intestinibacter). Our findings also showed a significantly different abundance of gut microbiome taxa (e.g., Enterococcus faecium (i.e., E. faecium)) in T2D patients with poor compared to optimal glycemic control. Conclusions: This review provides evidence for glucose-lowering drug and gut microbiome interactions, highlighting the potential of gut microbiome modulators as co-adjuvants for T2D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.L.); (F.R.); (C.M.-G.)
| | - Fereshteh Shokri
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Alejandro Lopez Rincon
- Department of Data Science & Biostatistics, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.L.); (F.R.); (C.M.-G.)
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.L.); (F.R.); (C.M.-G.)
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Data Science & Biostatistics, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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24
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Leuschner M, Cromarty AD. Critical Assessment of Phenotyping Cocktails for Clinical Use in an African Context. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1098. [PMID: 37511712 PMCID: PMC10381848 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interethnic and interindividual variability in in vivo cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-dependent metabolism and altered drug absorption via expressed transport channels such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) contribute to the adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interaction and therapeutic failure seen in clinical practice. A cost-effective phenotyping approach could be advantageous in providing real-time information on in vivo phenotypes to assist clinicians with individualized drug therapy, especially in resource-constrained countries such as South Africa. A number of phenotyping cocktails have been developed and the aim of this study was to critically assess the feasibility of their use in a South African context. A literature search on library databases (including AccessMedicine, BMJ, ClinicalKey, MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Scopus and TOXLINE) was limited to in vivo cocktails used in the human population to phenotype phase I metabolism and/or P-gp transport. The study found that the implementation of phenotyping in clinical practice is currently limited by multiple administration routes, the varying availability of probe drugs, therapeutic doses eliciting side effects, the interaction between probe drugs and extensive sampling procedures. Analytical challenges include complicated sample workup or extraction assays and impractical analytical procedures with low detection limits, analyte sensitivity and specificity. It was concluded that a single time point, non-invasive capillary sampling, combined with a low-dose probe drug cocktail, to simultaneously quantify in vivo drug and metabolite concentrations, would enhance the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of routine phenotyping in clinical practice; however, future research is needed to establish whether the quantitative bioanalysis of drugs in a capillary whole-blood matrix correlates with that of the standard plasma/serum matrixes used as a reference in the current clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machel Leuschner
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa
| | - Allan Duncan Cromarty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa
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25
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Kamath S, Stringer AM, Prestidge CA, Joyce P. Targeting the gut microbiome to control drug pharmacomicrobiomics: the next frontier in oral drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1315-1331. [PMID: 37405390 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2233900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The trillions of microorganisms that comprise the gut microbiome form dynamic bidirectional interactions with orally administered drugs and host health. These relationships can alter all aspects of drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD); thus, there is a desire to control these interactions to maximize therapeutic efficacy. Attempts to modulate drug-gut microbiome interactions have spurred advancements within the field of 'pharmacomicrobiomics' and are poised to become the next frontier of oral drug delivery. AREAS COVERED This review details the bidirectional interactions that exist between oral drugs and the gut microbiome, with clinically relevant case examples outlining a clear motive for controlling pharmacomicrobiomic interactions. Specific focus is attributed to novel and advanced strategies that have demonstrated success in mediating drug-gut microbiome interactions. EXPERT OPINION Co-administration of gut-active supplements (e.g. pro- and pre-biotics), innovative drug delivery vehicles, and strategic polypharmacy serve as the most promising and clinically viable approaches for controlling pharmacomicrobiomic interactions. Targeting the gut microbiome through these strategies presents new opportunities for improving therapeutic efficacy by precisely mediating PK/PD, while mitigating metabolic disturbances caused by drug-induced gut dysbiosis. However, successfully translating preclinical potential into clinical outcomes relies on overcoming key challenges related to interindividual variability in microbiome composition and study design parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Kamath
- UniSa Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea M Stringer
- UniSa Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- UniSa Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- UniSa Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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26
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Avram I, Pelinescu D, Gatea F, Ionescu R, Barcan A, Rosca R, Zanfirescu A, Vamanu E. Boletus edulis Extract-A New Modulator of Dysbiotic Microbiota. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1481. [PMID: 37511858 PMCID: PMC10381576 DOI: 10.3390/life13071481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The regular administration of antibiotics is a public concern due to the prejudices of large population groups and the high frequency with which antimicrobial products are prescribed. The current study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of a new extract from Boletus edulis (BEE) on the human microbiota. One of the disadvantages of this extensive use is the disruption of the human microbiota, leading to potential negative health consequences. The in vitro evaluation of BEE consisted in determining its cytotoxicity, influence on the concentration of four types of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, TNFα), and capacity to modulate the human microbiota after administering antibiotics. The latter was assessed by microbiome analysis and the evaluation of short-chain fatty acid synthesis (SCFAs). Simultaneously, the content of total polyphenols, the antioxidant capacity, and the compositional analysis of the extract (individual polyphenols composition) were determined. The results showed that BEE modulates the microbial pattern and reduces inflammatory progression. The data demonstrated antioxidant properties correlated with the increase in synthesizing some biomarkers, such as SCFAs, which mitigated antibiotic-induced dysbiosis without using probiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela Avram
- Department of Genetics, University of Bucharest, 36-46 Bd. M. Kogalniceanu, 5th District, 050107 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Pelinescu
- Department of Genetics, University of Bucharest, 36-46 Bd. M. Kogalniceanu, 5th District, 050107 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florentina Gatea
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute for Biological Sciences, 296 Spl. Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Robertina Ionescu
- Department of Genetics, University of Bucharest, 36-46 Bd. M. Kogalniceanu, 5th District, 050107 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Barcan
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan Rosca
- Anoom Laboratories SRL, București, 28 Vintila Mihaileanu Sector 1, 024023 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Zanfirescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
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27
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Matthee C, Brown AR, Lange A, Tyler CR. Factors Determining the Susceptibility of Fish to Effects of Human Pharmaceuticals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:8845-8862. [PMID: 37288931 PMCID: PMC10286317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing levels and frequencies at which active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are being detected in the environment are of significant concern, especially considering the potential adverse effects they may have on nontarget species such as fish. With many pharmaceuticals lacking environmental risk assessments, there is a need to better define and understand the potential risks that APIs and their biotransformation products pose to fish, while still minimizing the use of experimental animals. There are both extrinsic (environment- and drug-related) and intrinsic (fish-related) factors that make fish potentially vulnerable to the effects of human drugs, but which are not necessarily captured in nonfish tests. This critical review explores these factors, particularly focusing on the distinctive physiological processes in fish that underlie drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET). Focal points include the impact of fish life stage and species on drug absorption (A) via multiple routes; the potential implications of fish's unique blood pH and plasma composition on the distribution (D) of drug molecules throughout the body; how fish's endothermic nature and the varied expression and activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes in their tissues may affect drug metabolism (M); and how their distinctive physiologies may impact the relative contribution of different excretory organs to the excretion (E) of APIs and metabolites. These discussions give insight into where existing data on drug properties, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics from mammalian and clinical studies may or may not help to inform on environmental risks of APIs in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisna Matthee
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Ross Brown
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Anke Lange
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
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28
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Kumarasamy V, Kuppusamy UR, Jayalakshmi P, Govind SK. Blastocystis sp. reduces the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil as a colorectal cancer chemotherapeutic treatment. Exp Parasitol 2023:108564. [PMID: 37308003 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis is an enteric protozoan parasite with extensive genetic variation and unclear pathogenicity. It is commonly associated with gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain in immunocompromised individuals. In this study, we explored the in vitro and in vivo effects of Blastocystis on the activity of a commonly used CRC chemotherapeutic agent, 5-FU. The cellular and molecular effects of solubilized antigen of Blastocystis in the presence of 5-FU were investigated using HCT116, human CRC cell line and CCD 18-Co, normal human colon fibroblast cells. For the in vivo study, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, as follows; Control Group: oral administration of 0.3ml Jones' medium, Group A: rats injected with azoxymethane (AOM), Group A-30FU: Rats injected with AOM and administered 30mg/kg 5-FU, Group B-A-30FU: rats inoculated with Blastocystis cysts, injected with AOM and administered 30mg/kg 5-FU, Group A-60FU: rats injected with AOM and administered 60mg/kg 5-FU and Group B-A-60FU: rats inoculated with Blastocystis cysts, injected with AOM and administered 60mg/kg 5-FU. The in vitro study revealed that the inhibitory potency of 5-FU at 8μM and 10μM was reduced from 57.7% to 31.6% (p < 0.001) and 69.0%-36.7% (p < 0.001) respectively when co-incubated with Blastocystis antigen for 24 h. However, the inhibitory potency of 5-FU in CCD-18Co cells was not significantly affected in the presence of Blastocystis antigen. The reduced inhibitory potency of 5-FU against cancer cell proliferation due to the presence of Blastocystis is consistent with the upregulation of expression of type 2 cytokines, transforming growth factor (TGF-β) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression. Increased inflammation and abnormal histopathological findings along with a significant cancer multiplicity and adenoma incidence were evident in the intestine of the B-A-30FU and B-A-60FU groups when compared with the A-30FU and A-60FU groups respectively. Our in vitro and in vivo findings indicate that Blastocystis infection could potentially interfere with chemotherapy regimens such as 5-FU in CRC patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology & Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Umah Rani Kuppusamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pailoor Jayalakshmi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Kumar Govind
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Feng S, Wan Q, Wu W, Zhang C, Lu H, Lu X. Effect of gut microbiome regulated Taohong Siwu Decoction metabolism on glioma cell phenotype. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1192589. [PMID: 37342242 PMCID: PMC10277651 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1192589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To establish a new model for exploring the mechanism of the gut microbiome and drug metabolism, we explored whether Taohong Siwu Decoction acts after metabolism by intestinal flora under the premise of clarifying the interaction between intestinal flora and drug metabolism. Methods Taohong Siwu Decoction (TSD) was fed to germ-free mice and conventional mice, respectively. The serum from both groups of mice was removed and co-cultured with glioma cells in vitro. The co-cultured glioma cells were compared separately for changes at the RNA level using RNA-seq technology. The genes of interest in the comparison results were selected for validation. Results The differences in the phenotypic alterations of glioma cells between serum from TSD-fed germ-free mice and normal mice were statistically significant. In vitro experiments showed that Taohong Siwu Decoction-fed normal mouse serum-stimulated glioma cells, which inhibited proliferation and increased autophagy. RNA-seq analysis showed that TSD-fed normal mouse serum could regulate CDC6 pathway activity in glioma cells. The therapeutic effect of TSD is significantly influenced by intestinal flora. Conclusion The treatment of tumors by TSD may be modulated by intestinal flora. We established a new method to quantify the relationship between intestinal flora and the regulation of TSD efficacy through this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyin Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Quan Wan
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Weijiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Institute of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Neurological Institute, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
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Tao X, Huang W, Pan L, Sheng L, Qin Y, Chen L, Yu L, Wu G, Wan J, Li H. Optimizing ex vivo culture conditions to study human gut microbiome. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:38. [PMID: 37185811 PMCID: PMC10130157 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The inter-individual variations of gut microbiome contribute to the different responses toward drug therapy among populations, developing a reliable ex vivo culture method for mixed bacteria is the urgent need for predicting personal reaction to drug therapy. Unfortunately, very few attentions have been paid to the bias that could be introduced during the culture process for mixed bacteria. Here we systemically evaluated the factors that may affect the outcomes of cultured bacteria from human feces. We demonstrated that inter-individual difference of host gut microbiome was the main factor affecting the outcomes of cultured bacteria, followed by the culture medium and time point. We further optimized a new medium termed GB based on our established multi-dimensional evaluation method, which could mimic the status of in situ host gut microbiome to the highest extent. Finally, we assessed the inter-individual metabolism by host gut microbiome from 10 donors on three frequently used clinical drugs (aspirin, levodopa and doxifluridine) based on the optimized GB medium. Our results revealed obvious variation in drug metabolism by microbiome from different donors, especially levodopa and doxifluridine. This work suggested the optimized culture medium had the potential for exploring the inter-individual impacts of host gut microbiome on drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Wenjin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyun Pan
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luo Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linhuan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Wan
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Houkai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Džidić-Krivić A, Kusturica J, Sher EK, Selak N, Osmančević N, Karahmet Farhat E, Sher F. Effects of intestinal flora on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. Drug Metab Rev 2023; 55:126-139. [PMID: 36916327 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2186313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is known as unique collection of microorganisms (including bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes and viruses) that exist in a complex environment of the gut. Recently, this has become one of the most popular areas of research in medicine because this plays not only an important role in disease development, but gut microbiota also influences drug pharmacokinetics. These alterations in drug pharmacokinetic pathways and drug concentration in plasma and blood often lead to an increase in the incidence of toxicological events in patients. This review aims to present current knowledge of the most commonly used drugs in clinical practice and their dynamic interplay with the host's gut microbiota as well as the mechanisms underlying these metabolic processes and the consequent effect on their therapeutic efficacy and safety. These new findings set a foundation for the development of personalized treatments specific to each metabolism, maximizing drugs' therapeutic effects and minimizing the side effects because they are one of the major limiting factors in treating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Džidić-Krivić
- Zenica Cantonal Hospital, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jasna Kusturica
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Emina Karahmet Sher
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nejra Selak
- Dom zdravlja Zenica, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Esma Karahmet Farhat
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Technology, Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Gao M, Tu H, Liu P, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Jing L, Zhang K. Association analysis of gut microbiota and efficacy of SSRIs antidepressants in patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 330:40-47. [PMID: 36871910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relevant studies have shown that gut microbiome plays an important role in the occurrence, development and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Many studies have also shown that, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) antidepressants can improve the symptoms of depression by changing the distribution of gut microbiome, Here we investigated whether a distinct gut microbiome was associated with Major depressive disorder (MDD), and how it was modulated by SSRIs antidepressants. METHOD In this study, we analyzed the gut microbiome composition of 62 patients with first-episode MDD and 41 matched healthy controls, before SSRIs antidepressants treatment, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. MDD patients characterized as treatment-resistant (TR) or responders (R) to antidepressants by score reduction rate were ≥50 % after SSRIs antidepressants treatment for eight weeks. RESULTS LDA effect size (LEfSe) analysis found that there were 50 different bacterial groups among the three groups, of which 19 genera were mainly at the genus level. The relative abundance of 12 genera increased in the HCs group, 5 genera in the R group increased in relative abundance, and 2 genera in the TR group increased in relative abundance. The correlation analysis of 19 bacterial genera and the score reduction rate showed that Blautia, Bifidobacterium and Coprococcus with higher relative abundance in the treatment effective group were related to the efficacy of SSRIs antidepressants. CONCLUSIONS Patients with MDD have a distinct gut microbiome that changes after SSRIs antidepressants treatment. Dysbiosis could be a new therapeutic target and prognostic tool for the treatment of patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hongwei Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Penghong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ruiyu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lin Jing
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Kerang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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Jia L, Huang S, Sun B, Shang Y, Zhu C. Pharmacomicrobiomics and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A novel perspective towards possible treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1149256. [PMID: 37033254 PMCID: PMC10076675 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a major driver of mortality worldwide, is more likely to develop other cardiometabolic risk factors, ultimately leading to diabetes-related mortality. Although a set of measures including lifestyle intervention and antidiabetic drugs have been proposed to manage T2DM, problems associated with potential side-effects and drug resistance are still unresolved. Pharmacomicrobiomics is an emerging field that investigates the interactions between the gut microbiome and drug response variability or drug toxicity. In recent years, increasing evidence supports that the gut microbiome, as the second genome, can serve as an attractive target for improving drug efficacy and safety by manipulating its composition. In this review, we outline the different composition of gut microbiome in T2DM and highlight how these microbiomes actually play a vital role in its development. Furthermore, we also investigate current state-of-the-art knowledge on pharmacomicrobiomics and microbiome's role in modulating the response to antidiabetic drugs, as well as provide innovative potential personalized treatments, including approaches for predicting response to treatment and for modulating the microbiome to improve drug efficacy or reduce drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Jia
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiqiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Boyu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongguang Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongguang Shang, ; Chunsheng Zhu,
| | - Chunsheng Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yongguang Shang, ; Chunsheng Zhu,
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Đanić M, Lazarević S, Pavlović N, Stanimirov B, Mikov M. Gut microbiota metabolism and bioaccumulation of drugs. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2022. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.03.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Đanić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Slavica Lazarević
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Pavlović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Bojan Stanimirov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Djokoski F, Hiljadnikova-Bajro M. Novel insights in pharmacomicrobiomics. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2022. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.03.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Djokoski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Applied Biochemistry, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Marija Hiljadnikova-Bajro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Applied Biochemistry, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
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Zhong P, Zhou J, Fan YT, Guo MF, Zhu H, Zhou SS, Zhu JH, Zhang HH, Zhou GR, Miao XL, Li SL, Mao Q. Co-existing polysaccharides affect the systemic exposure of major bioactive ingredients in Chang-Kang-Fang, a multi-herb prescription for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115601. [PMID: 35963422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chang-Kang-Fang (CKF) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula used for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in China. Decoction is the administration form of CKF in clinical practice. Previously, CKF has been confirmed with activities of releasing pain and reversing disorders of intestinal propulsion. And alkaloids, monoglycosides, chromones were found as the main bioactive components potentially contributing to the efficacy of CKF. Polysaccharide was also a major constituent in CKF. But if and how polysaccharides influence the systemic exposure of bioactive components in CKF is unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the contribution of the co-existed polysaccharides on the systemic exposure of the major bioactive components from CKF in normal and IBS model rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS An UPLC-TQ-MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scan method was developed and validated for quantifying six major small molecular bioactive ingredients of CKF in the plasma samples, including magnoflorine (MAG), berberine (BBR), albiflorin (ALB), paeoniflorin (PAE), 5-O-methylvisamminol (5-OM) and prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (POG). The rats received CKF decoction (CKF) and CKF small molecule portion (knockout of polysaccharides, CKFSM), respectively. IBS model rats were induced by daily bondage and gavage of Sennae Folium decoction (derived from the leaf of Cassia angustifolia Vahl). The effects of the co-existing polysaccharides on the pharmacokinetic parameters of six small molecular bioactive components in normal and IBS model rats were systematically evaluated. The potential gut microbiota involved mechanisms of the effects was validated by broad-spectrum antibiotic (ABX) treatment. RESULTS The selectivity, precision, accuracy, recovery and matrix effect of the established quantification method were all within acceptable limits of biological sample. In normal rats, the co-existing polysaccharides significantly reduced the AUC(0-t) of MAG and PAE compared with CKFSM group. The Cmax and AUC(0-t) of other four compound were not influenced by co-existing polysaccharides. However, in IBS model rats, compared with CKFSM group, the Cmax and AUC(0-t) of the six ingredients significantly increased in CKF group. For CKF + ABX group, the Cmax of six ingredients decreased significantly when compared with CKF group, and the AUC(0-t) of MAG, BBR, ALB, PAE also reduced with significant differences. CONCLUSIONS A reliable and sensitive UPLC-TQ-MS method was successfully developed and validated for evaluating influence of co-existing polysaccharides on pharmacokinetic behavior of six major small molecules components in CKF. The co-existing polysaccharides enhanced the systemic exposure of six bioactive small molecules in CKF under IBS pathological state potentially via gut microbiota involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Yan-Ting Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Meng-Fei Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Jin-Hao Zhu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Gui-Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Tianjin, 300000, PR China
| | - Xing-Long Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Tianjin, 300000, PR China
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China.
| | - Qian Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China.
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Ma PJ, Wang MM, Wang Y. Gut microbiota: A new insight into lung diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Zhou J, Ouyang J, Gao Z, Qin H, Jun W, Shi T. MagMD: database summarizing the Metabolic action of gut Microbiota to Drugs. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:6427-6430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zhu J, Duan Y, Duo D, Yang J, Bai X, Liu G, Wang Q, Wang X, Qu N, Zhou Y, Li X. High-altitude Hypoxia Influences the Activities of the Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme CYP3A1 and the Pharmacokinetics of Four Cardiovascular System Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101303. [PMID: 36297415 PMCID: PMC9612038 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: High-altitude hypoxia has been shown to affect the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Although there is a high incidence of cardiovascular disease among individuals living in high-altitude areas, studies on the effect of high-altitude hypoxia on the pharmacokinetic properties of cardiovascular drugs are limited. (2) Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine, bosentan, simvastatin, sildenafil, and their respective main metabolites, dehydronifedipine, hydroxybosentan, simvastatin hydroxy acid, and N-desmethyl sildenafil, in rats exposed to high-altitude hypoxia. Additionally, the protein and mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 3A1 (CYP3A1), a drug-metabolizing enzyme, were examined. (3) Results: There were significant changes in the pharmacokinetic properties of the drugs in rats exposed to high-altitude hypoxia, as evidenced by an increase in the area under the curve (AUC) and the half-life (t1/2z) and a decrease in total plasma clearance (CLz/F). However, most of these changes were reversed when the rats returned to a normoxic environment. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in CYP3A1 expression in rats exposed to high-altitude hypoxia at both the protein and mRNA levels. (4) Conclusions: High-altitude hypoxia suppressed the metabolism of the drugs, indicating that the pharmacokinetics of the drugs should be re-examined, and the optimal dose should be reassessed in patients living in high-altitude areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Zhu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining 810000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Yabin Duan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining 810000, China
| | - Delong Duo
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining 810000, China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining 810000, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining 810000, China
| | - Guiqin Liu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining 810000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining 810000, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Red Cross Hospital of Qinghai, Xining 810000, China
| | - Ning Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xining 810000, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining 810000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
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The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012289. [PMID: 36293176 PMCID: PMC9603886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota (GM) and the Central Nervous System, the so-called gut microbiota brain axis (GMBA), deeply affects brain function and has an important impact on the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), gastrointestinal symptoms often precede the onset of motor and non-motor manifestations, and alterations in the GM composition accompany disease pathogenesis. Several studies have been conducted to unravel the role of dysbiosis and intestinal permeability in PD onset and progression, but the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of GM modifying approaches remain to be fully elucidated. After a brief introduction on the involvement of GMBA in the disease, we present evidence for GM alterations and leaky gut in PD patients. According to these data, we then review the potential of GM-based signatures to serve as disease biomarkers and we highlight the emerging role of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal microbiota transplantation as supportive therapeutic approaches in PD. Finally, we analyze the mutual influence between commonly prescribed PD medications and gut-microbiota, and we offer insights on the involvement also of nasal and oral microbiota in PD pathology, thus providing a comprehensive and up-to-date overview on the role of microbial features in disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Bai X, Yang J, Liu G, Zhu J, Wang Q, Gu W, La L, Li X. Regulation of CYP450 and drug transporter mediated by gut microbiota under high-altitude hypoxia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:977370. [PMID: 36188572 PMCID: PMC9520702 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.977370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, an essential feature of high-altitude environments, has a significant effect on drug metabolism. The hypoxia–gut microbiota–CYP450/drug transporter axis is emerging as a vital factor in drug metabolism. However, the mechanisms through which the gut microbiota mediates the regulation of CYP450/drug transporters under high-altitude hypoxia have not been well defined. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying gut microbial changes in response to hypoxia. We compared 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the gut microbiota from plain and hypoxic rats. As a result, we observed an altered gut microbial diversity and composition in rats under hypoxia. Our findings show that dysregulated gut microbiota changes CYP3A1 and MDR1 expressions in high-altitude hypoxic environments. Thus, our study reveals a novel mechanism underlying the functioning of the hypoxia–gut microbiota–CYP450/drug transporter axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
| | - Guiqin Liu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
| | - Junbo Zhu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Medical College, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
| | - Wenqi Gu
- Medical College, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
| | - Linli La
- Medical College, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyang Li,
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Interaction between gut microbiota and tumour chemotherapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:2330-2341. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li JH, Florez JC. On the Verge of Precision Medicine in Diabetes. Drugs 2022; 82:1389-1401. [PMID: 36123514 PMCID: PMC9531144 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a significant global public health challenge and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite the recent proliferation of pharmacological agents for the treatment of T2D, current therapies simply treat the symptom, i.e. hyperglycemia, and do not directly address the underlying disease process or modify the disease course. This article summarizes how genomic discovery has contributed to unraveling the heterogeneity in T2D, reviews relevant discoveries in the pharmacogenetics of five commonly prescribed glucose-lowering agents, presents evidence supporting how pharmacogenetics can be leveraged to advance precision medicine, and calls attention to important research gaps to its implementation to guide treatment choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine H Li
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Building, CPZN 5.250, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Building, CPZN 5.250, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Targeting the Gut Microbiome to Treat Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Ready for Prime Time? Cells 2022; 11:cells11172718. [PMID: 36078124 PMCID: PMC9454620 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies show a modification of the gut microbiota in patients with obesity or diabetes. Animal studies have also shown a causal role of gut microbiota in liver metabolic disorders including steatosis whereas the human situation is less clear. Patients with metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) also have a modification in their gut microbiota composition but the changes are not fully characterized. The absence of consensus on a precise signature is probably due to disease heterogeneity, possible concomitant medications and different selection or evaluation criteria. The most consistent changes were increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia species and decreased abundance of Coprococcus and Eubacterium. Possible mechanisms linking the microbiota and MAFLD are increased intestinal permeability with translocation of microbial products into the portal circulation, but also changes in the bile acids and production of microbial metabolites such as ethanol, short chain fatty acids and amino acid derivatives able to modulate liver metabolism and inflammation. Several interventional studies exist that attempt to modulate liver disease by administering antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics or fecal transplantation. In conclusion, there are both gaps and hopes concerning the interest of gut microbiome evaluation for diagnosis purposes of MAFLD and for new therapeutic developments that are often tested on small size cohorts.
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Marazzato M, Iannuccelli C, Guzzo MP, Nencioni L, Lucchino B, Radocchia G, Gioia C, Bonfiglio G, Neroni B, Guerrieri F, Pantanella F, Garzoli S, Vomero M, Barbati C, Di Franco M, Schippa S. Gut Microbiota Structure and Metabolites, Before and After Treatment in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Pilot Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:921675. [PMID: 35872763 PMCID: PMC9304627 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.921675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. Modifications of gut microbiota seem to be associated with the disease, but the impact of gut microbiota on therapies’ outcome remains unclear. A role of T cells in RA pathogenesis has been addressed, particularly on the Th17/Treg cells balance. Our study aimed to evaluate in early RA (ERA) patients compared to a control group, fecal gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids concentrations, and the levels of circulating Th17/Treg and their own cytokines, before and after 3 months of standard treatment (Methotrexate (MTX) plus glucocorticoids). Fecal microbiota characterization was carried out on 19 ERA patients and 20 controls matched for sex and age. Significant decreased biodiversity levels, and a partition on the base of the microbiota composition, between the ERA patients at baseline compared to controls, were observed. The co-occurrent analysis of interactions revealed a characteristic clustered structure of the microbial network in controls that is lost in ERA patients where an altered connection between microbes and clinical parameters/metabolites has been reported. Microbial markers such as Acetanaerobacterium elongatum, Cristiansella massiliensis, and Gracilibacter thermotolerans resulted significantly enriched in control group while the species Blautia gnavus emerged to be more abundant in ERA patients. Our results showed an alteration in Th17/Treg balance with higher Th17 levels and lower Treg levels in ERA group respect to control at baseline, those data improved after therapy. Treatment administration and the achievement of a low disease activity/remission appear to exert a positive pressure on the structure of intestinal microbiota with the consequent restoration of biodiversity, of the structure of microbial network, and of the abundance of taxa that became closer to those presented by the subject without the disease. We also found an association between Blautia gnavus and ERA patients characterized by a significant reduction of propionic acid level. Furthermore significant differences highlighted at baseline among controls and ERA patients are no more evident after treatment. These data corroborate the role played by gut microbiota in the disease and suggest that therapy aimed to restore gut microbiota would improve treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Marazzato
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Iannuccelli
- Early Arthritis Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Guzzo
- Early Arthritis Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Lucchino
- Early Arthritis Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Radocchia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Gioia
- Early Arthritis Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Bonfiglio
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Radiology, UOC Clinical Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruna Neroni
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Radiology, UOC Clinical Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Pantanella
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Vomero
- Early Arthritis Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Barbati
- Early Arthritis Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Di Franco
- Early Arthritis Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Manuela Di Franco,
| | - Serena Schippa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Serena Schippa,
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Metabolites Analysis of Anti-Myocardial Ischemia Active Components of Saussurea involucrata Based on Gut Microbiota-Drug Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137457. [PMID: 35806462 PMCID: PMC9267203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Saussurea involucrata has been reported to have potential therapeutic effects against myocardial ischemia. The pharmacological effects of oral natural medicines may be influenced by the participation of gut microbiota. In this study, we aimed to investigate the bidirectional regulation of gut microbiota and the main components of Saussurea involucrata. We first established a quantitative method for the four main components (chlorogenic acid, syringin, acanthoside B, rutin) which were chosen by fingerprint using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and found that gut microbiota has a strong metabolic effect on them. Meanwhile, we identified five major rat gut microbiota metabolites (M1-M5) using liquid chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/MSn-IT-TOF). The metabolic properties of metabolites in vitro were preliminarily elucidated by LC-MS/MS for the first time. These five metabolites of Saussurea involucrata may all have potential contributions to the treatment of myocardial ischemia. Furthermore, the four main components (10 μg/mL) can significantly stimulate intestinal bacteria to produce short chain fatty acids in vitro, respectively, which can further contribute to the effect in myocardial ischemia. In this study, the therapeutic effect against myocardial ischemia of Saussurea involucrata was first reported to be related to the intestinal flora, which can be useful in understanding the effective substances of Saussurea involucrata.
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Mohammed Y, Holmes A, Kwok PCL, Kumeria T, Namjoshi S, Imran M, Matteucci L, Ali M, Tai W, Benson HA, Roberts MS. Advances and future perspectives in epithelial drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114293. [PMID: 35483435 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial surfaces protect exposed tissues in the body against intrusion of foreign materials, including xenobiotics, pollen and microbiota. The relative permeability of the various epithelia reflects their extent of exposure to the external environment and is in the ranking: intestinal≈ nasal ≥ bronchial ≥ tracheal > vaginal ≥ rectal > blood-perilymph barrier (otic), corneal > buccal > skin. Each epithelium also varies in their morphology, biochemistry, physiology, immunology and external fluid in line with their function. Each epithelium is also used as drug delivery sites to treat local conditions and, in some cases, for systemic delivery. The associated delivery systems have had to evolve to enable the delivery of larger drugs and biologicals, such as peptides, proteins, antibodies and biologicals and now include a range of physical, chemical, electrical, light, sound and other enhancement technologies. In addition, the quality-by-design approach to product regulation and the growth of generic products have also fostered advancement in epithelial drug delivery systems.
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48
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Khan I, Baig MH, Mahfooz S, Imran MA, Khan MI, Dong JJ, Cho JY, Hatiboglu MA. Nanomedicine for Glioblastoma: Progress and Future Prospects. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:172-186. [PMID: 35760272 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain tumor, accounting for the highest mortality and morbidity rates. Current treatment for patients with glioblastoma includes maximal safe tumor resection followed by radiation therapy with concomitant temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. The addition of TMZ to the conformal radiation therapy has improved the median survival time only from 12 months to 16 months in patients with glioblastoma. Despite these aggressive treatment strategies, patients' prognosis remains poor. This therapeutic failure is primarily attributed to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that restricts the transport of TMZ from reaching the tumor site. In recent years, nanomedicine has gained considerable attention among researchers and shown promising developments in clinical applications, including the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of glioblastoma tumors. This review sheds light on the morphological and physiological complexity of the BBB. It also explains the development of nanomedicine strategies to enhance the permeability of drug molecules across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy St., Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Sadaf Mahfooz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy St., Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Azhar Imran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohd Imran Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-June Dong
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mustafa Aziz Hatiboglu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy St., Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical School, Vatan Street, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Dikeocha IJ, Al-Kabsi AM, Miftahussurur M, Alshawsh MA. Pharmacomicrobiomics: Influence of gut microbiota on drug and xenobiotic metabolism. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22350. [PMID: 35579628 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101986r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is the most diverse and complex biological ecosystem, which is estimated to consist of greater than 5 million distinct genes and 100 trillion cells which are in constant communication with the host environment. The interaction between the gut microbiota and drugs and other xenobiotic compounds is bidirectional, quite complicated, and not fully understood yet. The impact of xenobiotics from pollution, manufacturing processes or from the environment is harmful to human health at varying degrees and this needs to be recognized and addressed. The gut microbiota is capable of biotransforming/metabolizing of various drugs and xenobiotic compounds as well as altering the activity and toxicity of these substances, thereby influencing how a host responds to drugs and xenobiotics and this emerging field is known as pharmacomicrobiomics. In this review, we discussed different mechanisms of drug-gut microbiota interaction and highlighted the influence of drug-gut microbiome interactions on the clinical response in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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The interaction among gut microbes, the intestinal barrier and short chain fatty acids. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 9:159-174. [PMID: 35573092 PMCID: PMC9079705 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian gut is inhabited by a massive and complicated microbial community, in which the host achieves a stable symbiotic environment through the interdependence, coordination, reciprocal constraints and participation in an immune response. The interaction between the host gut and the microbiota is essential for maintaining and achieving the homeostasis of the organism. Consequently, gut homeostasis is pivotal in safeguarding the growth and development and potential productive performance of the host. As metabolites of microorganisms, short chain fatty acids are not only the preferred energy metabolic feedstock for host intestinal epithelial cells, but also exert vital effects on antioxidants and the regulation of intestinal community homeostasis. Herein, we summarize the effects of intestinal microorganisms on the host gut and the mechanisms of action of short chain fatty acids on the four intestinal barriers of the organism, which will shed light on the manipulation of the intestinal community to achieve precise nutrition for specific individuals and provide a novel perspective for the prevention and treatment of diseases.
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