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Honeycutt JB, Wahl A, Files JK, League AF, Yadav-Samudrala BJ, Garcia JV, Fitting S. In situ analysis of neuronal injury and neuroinflammation during HIV-1 infection. Retrovirology 2024; 21:11. [PMID: 38945996 PMCID: PMC11215835 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-024-00644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) the brain has become an important human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir due to the relatively low penetration of many drugs utilized in cART into the central nervous system (CNS). Given the inherent limitations of directly assessing acute HIV infection in the brains of people living with HIV (PLWH), animal models, such as humanized mouse models, offer the most effective means of studying the effects of different viral strains and their impact on HIV infection in the CNS. To evaluate CNS pathology during HIV-1 infection in the humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus (BLT) mouse model, a histological analysis was conducted on five CNS regions, including the frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum, and spinal cord, to delineate the neuronal (MAP2ab, NeuN) and neuroinflammatory (GFAP, Iba-1) changes induced by two viral strains after 2 weeks and 8 weeks post-infection. RESULTS Findings reveal HIV-infected human cells in the brain of HIV-infected BLT mice, demonstrating HIV neuroinvasion. Further, both viral strains, HIV-1JR-CSF and HIV-1CH040, induced neuronal injury and astrogliosis across all CNS regions following HIV infection at both time points, as demonstrated by decreases in MAP2ab and increases in GFAP fluorescence signal, respectively. Importantly, infection with HIV-1JR-CSF had more prominent effects on neuronal health in specific CNS regions compared to HIV-1CH040 infection, with decreasing number of NeuN+ neurons, specifically in the frontal cortex. On the other hand, infection with HIV-1CH040 demonstrated more prominent effects on neuroinflammation, assessed by an increase in GFAP signal and/or an increase in number of Iba-1+ microglia, across CNS regions. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that CNS pathology is widespread during acute HIV infection. However, neuronal loss and the magnitude of neuroinflammation in the CNS is strain dependent indicating that strains of HIV cause differential CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna B Honeycutt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Angela Wahl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jacob K Files
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Alexis F League
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Barkha J Yadav-Samudrala
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - J Victor Garcia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Sylvia Fitting
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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2
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Bäckström T, Doverskog M, Blackburn TP, Scharschmidt BF, Felipo V. Allopregnanolone and its antagonist modulate neuroinflammation and neurological impairment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105668. [PMID: 38608826 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation accompanies several brain disorders, either as a secondary consequence or as a primary cause and may contribute importantly to disease pathogenesis. Neurosteroids which act as Positive Steroid Allosteric GABA-A receptor Modulators (Steroid-PAM) appear to modulate neuroinflammation and their levels in the brain may vary because of increased or decreased local production or import from the systemic circulation. The increased synthesis of steroid-PAMs is possibly due to increased expression of the mitochondrial cholesterol transporting protein (TSPO) in neuroinflammatory tissue, and reduced production may be due to changes in the enzymatic activity. Microglia and astrocytes play an important role in neuroinflammation, and their production of inflammatory mediators can be both activated and inhibited by steroid-PAMs and GABA. What is surprising is the finding that both allopregnanolone, a steroid-PAM, and golexanolone, a novel GABA-A receptor modulating steroid antagonist (GAMSA), can inhibit microglia and astrocyte activation and normalize their function. This review focuses on the role of steroid-PAMs in neuroinflammation and their importance in new therapeutic approaches to CNS and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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Blaylock RL. Additive aluminum as a cause of induced immunoexcitoxicity resulting in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders: A biochemical, pathophysiological, and pharmacological analysis. Surg Neurol Int 2024; 15:171. [PMID: 38840623 PMCID: PMC11152537 DOI: 10.25259/sni_296_2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Much has been learned about the neurotoxicity of aluminum over the past several decades in terms of its ability to disrupt cellular function, result in slow accumulation, and the difficulty of its removal from cells. Newer evidence suggests a central pathophysiological mechanism may be responsible for much of the toxicity of aluminum and aluminofluoride compounds on the brain and spinal cord. This mechanism involves activation of the brain's innate immune system, primarily the microglia, astrocytes, and macrophages, with a release of neurotoxic concentrations of excitotoxins and proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and immune mediators. Many studies suggest that excitotoxicity plays a significant role in the neurotoxic action of several metals, including aluminum. Recently, researchers have found that while most of the chronic pathology involved in the observed neurodegenerative effects of these metals are secondary to prolonged inflammation, it is the enhancement of excitotoxicity by the immune mediators that are responsible for most of the metal's toxicity. This enhancement occurs through a crosstalk between cytokines and glutamate-related mechanisms. The author coined the name immunoexcitotoxicity to describe this process. This paper reviews the evidence linking immunoexcitotoxicity to aluminum's neurotoxic effects and that a slow accumulation of aluminum may be the cause of neurodevelopmental defects as well as neurodegeneration in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell L. Blaylock
- Theoretical Neuroscience Research, LLC, Ridgeland, Mississippi, United States
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4
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Adamu A, Li S, Gao F, Xue G. The role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases: current understanding and future therapeutic targets. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1347987. [PMID: 38681666 PMCID: PMC11045904 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1347987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation refers to a highly complicated reaction of the central nervous system (CNS) to certain stimuli such as trauma, infection, and neurodegenerative diseases. This is a cellular immune response whereby glial cells are activated, inflammatory mediators are liberated and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are synthesized. Neuroinflammation is a key process that helps protect the brain from pathogens, but inappropriate, or protracted inflammation yields pathological states such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, Multiple Sclerosis, and other neurodegenerative disorders that showcase various pathways of neurodegeneration distributed in various parts of the CNS. This review reveals the major neuroinflammatory signaling pathways associated with neurodegeneration. Additionally, it explores promising therapeutic avenues, such as stem cell therapy, genetic intervention, and nanoparticles, aiming to regulate neuroinflammation and potentially impede or decelerate the advancement of these conditions. A comprehensive understanding of the intricate connection between neuroinflammation and these diseases is pivotal for the development of future treatment strategies that can alleviate the burden imposed by these devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guofang Xue
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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5
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Desai D, Majrashi M, Pathak S, Almaghrabi M, Liu K, Pondugula SR, Tiwari AK, Babu RJ, Deruiter J, Dhanasekaran M. Evaluate the in vitro effect of anthracycline and alkylating cytophosphane chemotherapeutics on dopaminergic neurons. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2074. [PMID: 38627904 PMCID: PMC11021631 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iatrogenesis is an inevitable global threat to healthcare that drastically increases morbidity and mortality. Cancer is a fatal pathological condition that affects people of different ages, sexes, and races around the world. In addition to the detrimental cancer pathology, one of the most common contraindications and challenges observed in cancer patients is severe adverse drug effects and hypersensitivity reactions induced by chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced cognitive neurotoxicity is clinically referred to as Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI), chemobrain, or chemofog. In addition to CICI, chemotherapy also causes neuropsychiatric issues, mental disorders, hyperarousal states, and movement disorders. A synergistic chemotherapy regimen of Doxorubicin (Anthracycline-DOX) and Cyclophosphamide (Alkylating Cytophosphane-CPS) is indicated for the management of various cancers (breast cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia). Nevertheless, there are limited research studies on Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide's pharmacodynamic and toxicological effects on dopaminergic neuronal function. AIM This study evaluated the dopaminergic neurotoxic effects of Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide. METHODS AND RESULTS Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide were incubated with dopaminergic (N27) neurons. Neuronal viability was assessed using an MTT assay. The effect of Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide on various prooxidants, antioxidants, mitochondrial Complex-I & IV activities, and BAX expression were evaluated by Spectroscopic, Fluorometric, and RT-PCR methods, respectively. Prism-V software (La Jolla, CA, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Chemotherapeutics dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of the dopaminergic neurons. The dopaminergic neurotoxic mechanism of Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide was attributed to a significant increase in prooxidants, a decrease in antioxidants, and augmented apoptosis without affecting mitochondrial function. CONCLUSION This is one of the first reports that reveal Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide induce significant dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Thus, Chemotherapy-induced adverse drug reaction issues substantially persist during and after treatment and sometimes never be completely resolved clinically. Consequently, failure to adopt adequate patient care measures for cancer patients treated with certain chemotherapeutics might substantially raise the incidence of numerous movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshini Desai
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentHarrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentHarrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine, University of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Suhrud Pathak
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentHarrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Mohammed Almaghrabi
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentHarrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryFaculty of Pharmacy, Taibah UniversityAl‐MedinaSaudi Arabia
| | - Keyi Liu
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentHarrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Satyanarayana R. Pondugula
- Department of AnatomyPhysiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - R. Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentHarrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Jack Deruiter
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentHarrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
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Faherty T, Badri H, Hu D, Voliotis A, Pope FD, Mudway I, Smith J, McFiggans G. HIPTox-Hazard Identification Platform to Assess the Health Impacts from Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollutant Exposures, through Mechanistic Toxicology: A Single-Centre Double-Blind Human Exposure Trial Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:284. [PMID: 38541284 PMCID: PMC11154498 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, our understanding of the impact of air pollution on short- and long-term population health has advanced considerably, focusing on adverse effects on cardiovascular and respiratory systems. There is, however, increasing evidence that air pollution exposures affect cognitive function, particularly in susceptible groups. Our study seeks to assess and hazard rank the cognitive effects of prevalent indoor and outdoor pollutants through a single-centre investigation on the cognitive functioning of healthy human volunteers aged 50 and above with a familial predisposition to dementia. Participants will all undertake five sequential controlled exposures. The sources of the air pollution exposures are wood smoke, diesel exhaust, cleaning products, and cooking emissions, with clean air serving as the control. Pre- and post-exposure spirometry, nasal lavage, blood sampling, and cognitive assessments will be performed. Repeated testing pre and post exposure to controlled levels of pollutants will allow for the identification of acute changes in functioning as well as the detection of peripheral markers of neuroinflammation and neuronal toxicity. This comprehensive approach enables the identification of the most hazardous components in indoor and outdoor air pollutants and further understanding of the pathways contributing to neurodegenerative diseases. The results of this project have the potential to facilitate greater refinement in policy, emphasizing health-relevant pollutants and providing details to aid mitigation against pollutant-associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Faherty
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Huda Badri
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, 2nd Floor Education and Research Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Rd., Manchester M23 9LT, UK; (H.B.); (J.S.)
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Dawei Hu
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (D.H.); (A.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Aristeidis Voliotis
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (D.H.); (A.V.); (G.M.)
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Francis D. Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Ian Mudway
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK;
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jacky Smith
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, 2nd Floor Education and Research Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Rd., Manchester M23 9LT, UK; (H.B.); (J.S.)
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Gordon McFiggans
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (D.H.); (A.V.); (G.M.)
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Huang Y, Wang A, Wang F, Xu Y, Zhang W, Shi F, Wang S. Screening of key immune -related gene in Parkinson 's disease based on WGCNA and machine learning. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:207-219. [PMID: 38755717 PMCID: PMC11103055 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2024.230307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abnormal immune system activation and inflammation are crucial in causing Parkinson's disease. However, we still don't fully understand how certain immune-related genes contribute to the disease's development and progression. This study aims to screen key immune-related gene in Parkinson's disease based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and machine learning. METHODS This study downloaded the gene chip data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and used WGCNA to screen out important gene modules related to Parkinson's disease. Genes from important modules were exported and a Venn diagram of important Parkinson's disease-related genes and immune-related genes was drawn to screen out immune related genes of Parkinson's disease. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to analyze the the functions of immune-related genes and signaling pathways involved. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed using the CIBERSORT package of R language. Using bioinformatics method and 3 machine learning methods [least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM)], the immune-related genes of Parkinson's disease were further screened. A Venn diagram of differentially expressed genes screened using the 4 methods was drawn with the intersection gene being hub nodes (hub) gene. The downstream proteins of the Parkinson's disease hub gene was identified through the STRING database and a protein-protein interaction network diagram was drawn. RESULTS A total of 218 immune genes related to Parkinson's disease were identified, including 45 upregulated genes and 50 downregulated genes. Enrichment analysis showed that the 218 genes were mainly enriched in immune system response to foreign substances and viral infection pathways. The results of immune infiltration analysis showed that the infiltration percentages of CD4+ T cells, NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells were higher in the samples of Parkinson's disease patients, while resting NK cells and resting CD4+ T cells were significantly infiltrated in the samples of Parkinson's disease patients. ANK1 was screened out as the hub gene. The analysis of the protein-protein interaction network showed that the ANK1 translated and expressed 11 proteins which mainly participated in functions such as signal transduction, iron homeostasis regulation, and immune system activation. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies the Parkinson's disease immune-related key gene ANK1 via WGCNA and machine learning methods, suggesting its potential as a candidate therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Huang
- Health Statistics Teaching and Research Office, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang Shandong 261053, China.
| | - Aimin Wang
- Health Statistics Teaching and Research Office, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang Shandong 261053, China
| | - Fenglin Wang
- Health Statistics Teaching and Research Office, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang Shandong 261053, China
| | - Yaqi Xu
- Health Statistics Teaching and Research Office, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang Shandong 261053, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Health Statistics Teaching and Research Office, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang Shandong 261053, China
| | - Fuyan Shi
- Health Statistics Teaching and Research Office, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang Shandong 261053, China.
| | - Suzhen Wang
- Health Statistics Teaching and Research Office, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang Shandong 261053, China
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Vanrusselt D, Sleurs C, Arif M, Lemiere J, Verschueren S, Uyttebroeck A. Biomarkers of fatigue in oncology: A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 194:104245. [PMID: 38141868 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a distressing side effect of cancer and treatment, affecting both patients during active treatment and survivors, negatively impacting quality of life. While its exact cause remains uncertain, various mechanisms such as immune dysfunction, HPA-axis dysfunction, and treatment toxicity are proposed. Inflammatory biomarkers of CRF have been explored in previous research, but non-inflammatory markers have not been comprehensively studied. This systematic review analysed 33 studies to identify non-inflammatory peripheral blood biomarkers associated with CRF. Promising markers included Hb, blood coagulation factors, BDNF, tryptophan, GAA, mtDNA, platinum, CA125, and cystatin-C. Inconsistent findings were observed for other markers like VEGF, leptin, and stress hormones. Most studies focused on adults. Research in pediatrics is limited. This review showed partial evidence for the inflammaging hypothesis (neurotoxicity due to neuro-inflammation) laying at the basis of CRF. Further research, especially in pediatrics, is needed to confirm this hypothesis and guide future biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deveny Vanrusselt
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Charlotte Sleurs
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Mahnoor Arif
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Lemiere
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Anne Uyttebroeck
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Nasab MG, Heidari A, Sedighi M, Shakerian N, Mirbeyk M, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Dietary inflammatory index and neuropsychiatric disorders. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:21-33. [PMID: 37459114 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) are considered a potential threat to mental health. Inflammation predominantly plays a role in the pathophysiology of NPDs. Dietary patterns are widely postulated to be involved in the physiological response to inflammation. This review aims to discuss the literature on how dietary inflammatory index (DII) is related to inflammation and, consequently, NPDs. After comprehensive scrutiny in different databases, the articles that investigated the relation of DII score and various NPDs and psychological circumstances were included. The association between dietary patterns and mental disorders comprising depression, anxiety, and stress proved the role of a proinflammatory diet in these conditions' exacerbation. Aging is another condition closely associated with DII. The impact of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory diet on sleep quality indicated related disorders like sleep latency and day dysfunctions among the different populations are in relation with the high DII score. The potential effects of genetic backgrounds, dietary patterns, and the gut microbiome on DII are discussed as well. To plan preventive or therapeutic interventions considering the DII, these factors, especially genetic variations, should be considered as there is a growing body of literature indicating the role of personalized medicine in different NPDs. To the best of our knowledge, there is a limited number of RCTs on this subject, so future research should evaluate the causality via RCTs and look for therapeutic interventions with an eye on personalized medicine using information about DII in NPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Golshani Nasab
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Heidari
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sedighi
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Shakerian
- Student Research Committee, School of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mona Mirbeyk
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Meta Cognition Interest Group (MCIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Su WJ, Hu T, Jiang CL. Cool the Inflamed Brain: A Novel Anti-inflammatory Strategy for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:810-842. [PMID: 37559243 PMCID: PMC10845090 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230809112028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abundant evidence suggests that inflammatory cytokines contribute to the symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) by altering neurotransmission, neuroplasticity, and neuroendocrine processes. Given the unsatisfactory response and remission of monoaminergic antidepressants, anti-inflammatory therapy is proposed as a feasible way to augment the antidepressant effect. Recently, there have been emerging studies investigating the efficiency and efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of MDD and depressive symptoms comorbid with somatic diseases. METHODS In this narrative review, prospective clinical trials focusing on anti-inflammatory treatment for depression have been comprehensively searched and screened. Based on the included studies, we summarize the rationale for the anti-inflammatory therapy of depression and discuss the utilities and confusions regarding the anti-inflammatory strategy for MDD. RESULTS This review included over 45 eligible trials. For ease of discussion, we have grouped them into six categories based on their mechanism of action, and added some other anti-inflammatory modalities, including Chinese herbal medicine and non-drug therapy. Pooled results suggest that anti-inflammatory therapy is effective in improving depressive symptoms, whether used as monotherapy or add-on therapy. However, there remain confusions in the application of anti-inflammatory therapy for MDD. CONCLUSION Based on current clinical evidence, anti-inflammatory therapy is a promisingly effective treatment for depression. This study proposes a novel strategy for clinical diagnosis, disease classification, personalized treatment, and prognostic prediction of depression. Inflammatory biomarkers are recommended to be assessed at the first admission of MDD patients, and anti-inflammatory therapy are recommended to be included in the clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Those patients with high levels of baseline inflammation (e.g., CRP > 3 mg/L) may benefit from adjunctive anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Su
- Department of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chun-Lei Jiang
- Department of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Wang YC, Kung WM, Chung YH, Kumar S. Drugs to Treat Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1818-1829. [PMID: 37013428 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230403125140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is associated with disorders of the nervous system, and it is induced in response to many factors, including pathogen infection, brain injury, toxic substances, and autoimmune diseases. Astrocytes and microglia have critical roles in neuroinflammation. Microglia are innate immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), which are activated in reaction to neuroinflammation-inducing factors. Astrocytes can have pro- or anti-inflammatory responses, which depend on the type of stimuli presented by the inflamed milieu. Microglia respond and propagate peripheral inflammatory signals within the CNS that cause low-grade inflammation in the brain. The resulting alteration in neuronal activities leads to physiological and behavioral impairment. Consequently, activation, synthesis, and discharge of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors occur. These events lead to many neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis discussed in this study. After understanding neuroinflammation mechanisms and the involvement of neurotransmitters, this study covers various drugs used to treat and manage these neurodegenerative illnesses. The study can be helpful in discovering new drug molecules for treating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chin Wang
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Woon-Man Kung
- Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- School of Law (Patent), Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare St, Nottingham, NG14FQ, England
- Pomato IP (Ignite Your Idea), Nottingham, England
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12
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Bardi G, Boselli L, Pompa PP. Anti-inflammatory potential of platinum nanozymes: mechanisms and perspectives. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14284-14300. [PMID: 37584343 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03016d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex process of the body in response to pathogen infections or dysregulated metabolism, involving the recruitment and activation of immune system components. Repeated dangerous stimuli or uncontrolled immune effector mechanisms can result in tissue injury. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) play key roles in physiological cell signaling as well as in the destruction of internalized pathogens. However, aberrant ROS production and release have deleterious effects on the surrounding environment, making ROS regulation a priority to reduce inflammation. Most of the current anti-inflammatory therapies rely on drugs that impair the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Nevertheless, increasing the enzymatic activity to reduce ROS levels could be an alternative or complementary therapeutic approach to decrease inflammation. Nanozymes are nanomaterials with high catalytic activity that mimic natural enzymes, allowing biochemical reactions to take place. Such functional particles typically show different and regenerable oxidation states or catalytically reactive surfaces offering long-term activity and stability. In this scenario, platinum-based nanozymes (PtNZs) exhibit broad and efficient catalytic functionalities and can reduce inflammation mainly through ROS scavenging, e.g. by catalase and superoxide dismutase reactions. Dose-dependent biocompatibility and immune compatibility of PtNZs have been shown in different cells and tissues, both in vitro and in vivo. Size/shape/surface engineering of the nanozymes could also potentiate their efficacy to act at different sites and/or steps of the inflammation process, such as cytokine removal or specific targeting of activated leukocytes. In the present review, we analyze key inflammation triggering processes and the effects of platinum nanozymes under exemplificative inflammatory conditions. We further discuss potential platinum nanozyme design and improvements to modulate and expand their anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bardi
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Luca Boselli
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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13
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Chen W, Song J, Cheng Y, Jia B, He Y, Yu L, Yu G, Wang Y. Changes in gut microbiota and cytokines following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy are associated with cognitive function improvement. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19245. [PMID: 37810155 PMCID: PMC10558312 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Variations of cytokines and gut microbiota diversity with improved cognitive function in patients with obesity following bariatric surgery were poorly understood. The aim of this study was to testify the relationship among gut microbiota, cytokines and cognitive function in patients with obesity before and after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Methods Forty patients were enrolled in this study. Demographics, and serum and stool specimens were collected from all patients before and 3 months after LSG. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale, as well as assessment of immediate and delayed memory were used to evaluate self-perceived cognitive improvement after LSG. Results LSG resulted in significant weight loss and improvement in cognitive functions, as measured by questionnaires. Bariatric surgery tended to increase gut microbiota relative abundance and diversity. The intestinal flora increased in the proportion of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria phyla, and decreased in the proportion of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria phyla after LSG. Plasma IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly decreased following LSG, while IL-4 was significantly increased. MoCA test scores were significant correlated with IL-4, TNF-α and IL-1β. In addition, Firmicutes had a positive correlation with TNF-α, while Fuscobacteria had a negative correlation with IL-1β. Bacteroidetes was negatively correlated with IL-4. Conclusion Changes in gut microbiota were positive relationship with cognitive function improvement following LSG. Inflammation cytokines maybe played as a mediator between gut microbiota and cognitive function through gut-microbiota-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. No.678 Furong Road, Economic and Technological Development District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, China
| | - Jiahong Song
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230032, China
| | - Yunsheng Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. No.678 Furong Road, Economic and Technological Development District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, China
| | - Benli Jia
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. No.678 Furong Road, Economic and Technological Development District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, China
| | - Yawei He
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230032, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. No.678 Furong Road, Economic and Technological Development District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. No.678 Furong Road, Economic and Technological Development District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. No.678 Furong Road, Economic and Technological Development District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, China
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14
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Dai Y, Shen Z, Khachatryan LG, Vadiyan DE, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. Unraveling mechanistic insights into the role of microbiome in neurogenic hypertension: A comprehensive review. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154740. [PMID: 37567034 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenic hypertension, a complex and multifactorial cardiovascular disorder, is known to be influenced by various genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the role of the gut microbiome in hypertension pathogenesis. The bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis, has emerged as a crucial mechanism through which the gut microbiota exerts its influence on neuroinflammation, immune responses, and blood pressure regulation. Recent studies have shown how the microbiome has a substantial impact on a variety of physiological functions, such as cardiovascular health. The increased sympathetic activity to the gut may cause microbial dysbiosis, increased permeability of the gut, and increased inflammatory reactions by altering a number of intestinal bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the plasma. Collectively, these microbial metabolic and structural compounds stimulate sympathetic stimulation, which may be an important stage in the onset of hypertension. The result is an upsurge in peripheral and central inflammatory response. In addition, it has recently been shown that a link between the immune system and the gut microbiota might play a significant role in hypertension. The therapeutic implications of the gut microbiome including probiotic usage, prebiotics, dietary modifications, and fecal microbiota transplantation in neurogenic hypertension have also been found. A large body of research suggests that probiotic supplementation might help reduce chronic inflammation and hypertension that have an association with dysbiosis in the gut microbiota. Overall, this review sheds light on the intricate interplay between the gut microbiome and neurogenic hypertension, providing valuable insights for both researchers and clinicians. As our knowledge of the microbiome's role in hypertension expands, novel therapeutic strategies and diagnostic biomarkers may pave the way for more effective management and prevention of this prevalent cardiovascular disorder. Exploring the potential of the microbiome in hypertension offers an exciting avenue for future research and offers opportunities for precision medicine and improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusang Dai
- Physical Examination Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Zheng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Lusine G Khachatryan
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children's Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
| | - Diana E Vadiyan
- Institute of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Moghimi-Khorasgani A, Homayouni Moghadam F, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Ferulic Acid reduces amyloid beta mediated neuroinflammation through modulation of Nurr1 expression in microglial cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290249. [PMID: 37590236 PMCID: PMC10434858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells (MGCs) serve as the resident macrophages in the brain and spinal cord, acting as the first line of immune defense against pathological changes. With various phenotypes, they can shift from a homeostatic state to a reactive state or transit from a reactive to a non-inflammatory reactive state (alternative homeostatic). A well-timed transit is crucial in limiting excessive microglial reaction and promoting the healing process. Studies indicate that increased Nurr1 expression promotes anti-neuroinflammatory responses in the brain. In this study, we investigated the possible role of ferulic acid (FA) in facilitating microglia transition due to its anti-inflammatory and Nurr1-inducing effects. MGCs were extracted from the brains of male NMRI mice at postnatal day 2 (P2) and cultured with or without FA and beta-amyloid (Aβ). Real-time qRT-PCR was conducted to measure the expressions of Nurr1, IL-1β, and IL-10 genes. Immunostaining was performed to determine the number of NURR1-positive cells, and the ramification index (RI) of MGCs was calculated using Image J software. Treating MGCs with FA (50 μg/ml) induced Nurr1 and IL-10 expressions, while reducing the level of IL-1β in the absence of Aβ-stress. Further assessments on cells under Aβ-stress showed that FA treatment restored the IL-10 and Nurr1 levels, increased the RI of cells, and the number of NURR1-positive cells. Morphological assessments and measurements of the RI revealed that FA treatment reversed amoeboid and rod-like cells to a ramified state, which is specific morphology for non-inflammatory reactive microglia. To conclude, FA can provide potential alternative homeostatic transition in Aβ-reactive microglia by recruiting the NURR1 dependent anti-inflammatory responses. This makes it a promising therapeutic candidate for suppressing Aβ-induced neuroinflammatory responses in MGCs. Furthermore, given that FA has the ability to increase NURR1 levels in homeostatic microglia, it could be utilized as a preventative medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moghimi-Khorasgani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farshad Homayouni Moghadam
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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16
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Silva J, Alves C, Soledade F, Martins A, Pinteus S, Gaspar H, Alfonso A, Pedrosa R. Marine-Derived Components: Can They Be a Potential Therapeutic Approach to Parkinson's Disease? Mar Drugs 2023; 21:451. [PMID: 37623732 PMCID: PMC10455662 DOI: 10.3390/md21080451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in the life expectancy average has led to a growing elderly population, thus leading to a prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by a progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The marine environment has proven to be a source of unique and diverse chemical structures with great therapeutic potential to be used in the treatment of several pathologies, including neurodegenerative impairments. This review is focused on compounds isolated from marine organisms with neuroprotective activities on in vitro and in vivo models based on their chemical structures, taxonomy, neuroprotective effects, and their possible mechanism of action in PD. About 60 compounds isolated from marine bacteria, fungi, mollusk, sea cucumber, seaweed, soft coral, sponge, and starfish with neuroprotective potential on PD therapy are reported. Peptides, alkaloids, quinones, terpenes, polysaccharides, polyphenols, lipids, pigments, and mycotoxins were isolated from those marine organisms. They can act in several PD hallmarks, reducing oxidative stress, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein aggregation, and blocking inflammatory pathways through the inhibition translocation of NF-kB factor, reduction of human tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). This review gathers the marine natural products that have shown pharmacological activities acting on targets belonging to different intracellular signaling pathways related to PD development, which should be considered for future pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Silva
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.M.); (S.P.); (H.G.)
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal;
| | - Francisca Soledade
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.M.); (S.P.); (H.G.)
| | - Alice Martins
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.M.); (S.P.); (H.G.)
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.M.); (S.P.); (H.G.)
| | - Helena Gaspar
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.M.); (S.P.); (H.G.)
- BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal;
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17
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Han C, Zhang X, Dou K, Yao W, Yao M, Wan Q, Xie A. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation alleviates glial activation through suppressing HMGB1/TLR4 pathway in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6481-6492. [PMID: 37328582 PMCID: PMC10374852 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been demonstrated to be effective in Parkinson's disease (PD), but whether rTMS treatment has a relieving effect on neuroinflammation remains to be investigated. In this article, we explored the effects of rTMS on forelimb use asymmetry and neuroinflammation-related mechanisms in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD rat model. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats in the 6-OHDA+rTMS group received 10 Hz rTMS daily for 4 weeks. Behavioral tests (the cylinder test) were performed at the 3rd and 7th weeks after the operation. Astrocyte and microglia activation and protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH), high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1) and toll-like receptors 4(TLR4) were investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses, respectively. After 4 weeks of treatment, forelimb use asymmetry was ameliorated in the 6-OHDA+rTMS group. Consistent with the behavioral tests, rTMS increased TH in the substantia nigra (SN) and the striatum of PD rats. High glial activation and HMGB1/TLR4 expression in the SN and the striatum were observed in the 6-OHDA group, while rTMS alleviated these changes. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that rTMS might be a promising method for alleviating neuroinflammation in PD rat models, and the effects might be mediated through the downregulation of the HMGB1/TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaixin Dou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Weichao Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Minyi Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
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18
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Jo SL, Yang H, Lee HW, Hong EJ. Curcumae radix Reduces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mice with Chronic Neuroinflammation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2107. [PMID: 37626603 PMCID: PMC10452873 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a condition in which the ER protein-folding machinery is impaired, leading to the accumulation of improperly folded proteins and triggering an unfolded-protein response. Excessive ER stress causes cell death and contributes to the development of chronic diseases. Interestingly, there is a bidirectional relationship between ER stress and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound found in Curcumae radix, exerts its neuroprotective effects by regulating ER stress and inflammation. Therefore, investigating the potential protective and regulatory effects of curcumin on ER stress, inflammation, and neurodegeneration under chronic neuroinflammatory conditions is of great interest. Mice were pretreated with Curcumae radix extract (CRE) for 19 days and then treated with CRE plus lipopolysaccharide for 1 week. We monitored pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum and ER stress-, inflammation-, and neurodegeneration-related markers in the mouse cerebrum and hippocampus using Western blotting and qRT-PCR. CRE reduced Interleukin-1 beta levels in the blood and brain of mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic inflammation. CRE also suppressed the expression of markers related to the ER stress and NF-κB signaling pathways. The expression of neurodegeneration-related markers was reduced in the mouse cerebrum and hippocampus. CRE exerts neuroprotective effects under chronic inflammatory conditions via multifaceted anti-inflammatory and ER stress-pathway regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Lae Jo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun Yang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hye Won Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
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19
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Merighi S, Travagli A, Nigro M, Pasquini S, Cappello M, Contri C, Varani K, Vincenzi F, Borea PA, Gessi S. Caffeine for Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Is the A 2A Adenosine Receptor Its Target? Biomolecules 2023; 13:967. [PMID: 37371547 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent kind of dementia with roughly 135 million cases expected in the world by 2050. Unfortunately, current medications for the treatment of AD can only relieve symptoms but they do not act as disease-modifying agents that can stop the course of AD. Caffeine is one of the most widely used drugs in the world today, and a number of clinical studies suggest that drinking coffee may be good for health, especially in the fight against neurodegenerative conditions such as AD. Experimental works conducted "in vivo" and "in vitro" provide intriguing evidence that caffeine exerts its neuroprotective effects by antagonistically binding to A2A receptors (A2ARs), a subset of GPCRs that are triggered by the endogenous nucleoside adenosine. This review provides a summary of the scientific data supporting the critical role that A2ARs play in memory loss and cognitive decline, as well as the evidence supporting the protective benefits against neurodegeneration that may be attained by caffeine's antagonistic action on these receptors. They are a novel and fascinating target for regulating and enhancing synaptic activity, achieving symptomatic and potentially disease-modifying effects, and protecting against neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Travagli
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuela Nigro
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Cappello
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Contri
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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20
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Rao M, Huang YK, Liu CC, Meadows C, Cheng HC, Zhou M, Chen YC, Xia X, Goldberg JL, Williams AM, Kuwajima T, Chang KC. Aldose reductase inhibition decelerates optic nerve degeneration by alleviating retinal microglia activation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5592. [PMID: 37019993 PMCID: PMC10076364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the central nervous system (CNS), retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons are the only neurons in the retina that transmit visual signals from the eye to the brain via the optic nerve (ON). Unfortunately, they do not regenerate upon injury in mammals. In ON trauma, retinal microglia (RMG) become activated, inducing inflammatory responses and resulting in axon degeneration and RGC loss. Since aldose reductase (AR) is an inflammatory response mediator highly expressed in RMG, we investigated if pharmacological inhibition of AR can attenuate ocular inflammation and thereby promote RGC survival and axon regeneration after ON crush (ONC). In vitro, we discovered that Sorbinil, an AR inhibitor, attenuates BV2 microglia activation and migration in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) treatments. In vivo, Sorbinil suppressed ONC-induced Iba1 + microglia/macrophage infiltration in the retina and ON and promoted RGC survival. Moreover, Sorbinil restored RGC function and delayed axon degeneration one week after ONC. RNA sequencing data revealed that Sorbinil protects the retina from ONC-induced degeneration by suppressing inflammatory signaling. In summary, we report the first study demonstrating that AR inhibition transiently protects RGC and axon from degeneration, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishal Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yu-Kai Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80145, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Chandler Meadows
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Hui-Chun Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Mengli Zhou
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Xin Xia
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Andrew M Williams
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Takaaki Kuwajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kun-Che Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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21
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Hernandez-Espinosa DR, Gale JR, Scrabis MG, Aizenman E. Microglial reprogramming by Hv1 antagonism protects neurons from inflammatory and glutamate toxicity. J Neurochem 2023; 165:29-54. [PMID: 36625847 PMCID: PMC10106429 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the precise mechanisms determining the neurotoxic or neuroprotective activation phenotypes in microglia remain poorly characterized, metabolic changes in these cells appear critical for these processes. As cellular metabolism can be tightly regulated by changes in intracellular pH, we tested whether pharmacological targeting of the microglial voltage-gated proton channel 1 (Hv1), an important regulator of intracellular pH, is critical for activated microglial reprogramming. Using a mouse microglial cell line and mouse primary microglia cultures, either alone, or co-cultured with rat cerebrocortical neurons, we characterized in detail the microglial activation profile in the absence and presence of Hv1 inhibition. We observed that activated microglia neurotoxicity was mainly attributable to the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha, reactive oxygen species, and zinc. Strikingly, pharmacological inhibition of Hv1 largely abrogated inflammatory neurotoxicity not only by reducing the production of cytotoxic mediators but also by promoting neurotrophic molecule production and restraining excessive phagocytic activity. Importantly, the Hv1-sensitive change from a pro-inflammatory to a neuroprotective phenotype was associated with metabolic reprogramming, particularly via a boost in NADH availability and a reduction in lactate. Most critically, Hv1 antagonism not only reduced inflammatory neurotoxicity but also promoted microglia-dependent neuroprotection against a separate excitotoxic injury. Our results strongly suggest that Hv1 blockers may provide an important therapeutic tool against a wide range of inflammatory neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego R Hernandez-Espinosa
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jenna R Gale
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mia G Scrabis
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Stennett A, Friston K, Harris CL, Wollman AJM, Bronowska AK, Madden KS. The case for complement component 5 as a target in neurodegenerative disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:97-109. [PMID: 36786123 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2177532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complement-based drug discovery is undergoing a renaissance, empowered by new advances in structural biology, complement biology and drug development. Certain components of the complement pathway, particularly C1q and C3, have been extensively studied in the context of neurodegenerative disease, and established as key therapeutic targets. C5 also has huge therapeutic potential in this arena, with its druggability clearly demonstrated by the success of C5-inhibitor eculizumab. AREAS COVERED We will discuss the evidence supporting C5 as a target in neurodegenerative disease, along with the current progress in developing different classes of C5 inhibitors and the gaps in knowledge that will help progress in the field. EXPERT OPINION Validation of C5 as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disease would represent a major step forward for complement therapeutics research and has the potential to furnish disease-modifying drugs for millions of patients suffering worldwide. Key hurdles that need to be overcome for this to be achieved are understanding how C5a and C5b should be targeted to bring therapeutic benefit and demonstrating the ability to target C5 without creating vulnerability to infection in patients. This requires greater biological elucidation of its precise role in disease pathogenesis, supported by better chemical/biological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Stennett
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Kallie Friston
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Claire L Harris
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Adam J M Wollman
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Agnieszka K Bronowska
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Katrina S Madden
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
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23
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Davis JA, Grau JW. Protecting the injured central nervous system: Do anesthesia or hypothermia ameliorate secondary injury? Exp Neurol 2023; 363:114349. [PMID: 36775099 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) and stroke initiate a cascade of processes that expand the area of tissue loss. The current review considers recent studies demonstrating that the induction of an anesthetic state or cooling the affected tissue (hypothermia) soon after injury can have a therapeutic effect. We first provide an overview of the neurobiological processes that fuel tissue loss after traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke. We then examine the rehabilitative effectiveness of therapeutic anesthesia across a variety of drug categories through a systematic review of papers in the PubMed database. We also review the therapeutic benefits hypothermia, another treatment that quells neural activity. We conclude by considering factors related to the safety, efficacy and timing of treatment, as well as the mechanisms of action. Clinical implications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Davis
- Cellular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - James W Grau
- Cellular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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24
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Omayone TP, Salami FT, Aluko OM, Nathanniel JN, Jeje SO, Adedeji TG, Ijomone OM. Neuroprotective effects of methyl jasmonate in male Wistar rats exposed to delayed acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis: involvement of antioxidant status, GFAP, and IBA-1 immunoreactivities. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:671-686. [PMID: 36595156 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurobehavioral deficits have been severally reported as a comorbid outcome in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). This study evaluated neurological changes in the experimental model of IBDs, as well potential protective effects of methyl jasmonate (MJ). The study used the acetic acid model of colitis and thereafter delayed the healing process by the administration of indomethacin (Indo) (2 mg/kg, SC). Thirty male Wistar rats (120-160 g) were divided into 5 groups (n = 6). Control, Colitis, Colitis + Indo, MJ (50 mg/kg, IP) + Colitis and MJ + Colitis + Indo. Colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of 2 mL, 4% acetic acid. Neurobehavioral studies were carried out to assess memory function, depression, and anxiety on day 7 of post-colitis induction. Animals were thereafter sacrificed to collect the brain tissues for routine histology, immunoreactivity of GFAP and IBA-1, and biochemical assays. Neurobehavioral tests showed anxiety, depression, and memory deficits, especially in the Colitis + Indo group which were accompanied by increased IBA-1 and GFAP count. MJ reversed these effects and reduced GFAP count in the hippocampus and amygdala as well as IBA-1 count in the hippocampus, amygdala, and cortex. Histological observations of these areas showed no significant histopathological changes across all groups. GPx and CAT levels were significantly reduced, while MPO was significantly increased in colitis and Colitis+indo groups when compared with control, which was attenuated in groups administered with MJ. These findings tuggest that MJ possesses neuroprotective, anti-oxidant, and neuron-regeneration properties. Therefore, it could be considered as a potential treatment for behavioral deficits associated with ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosan P Omayone
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| | - Faizah T Salami
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Oritoke M Aluko
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
- The Neuro-Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Jannie N Nathanniel
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
- The Neuro-Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Sikirullai O Jeje
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Temitope G Adedeji
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro-Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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25
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L-Theanine alleviates MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease by targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediated by the MAPK signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:90-101. [PMID: 36502788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the neuroprotective effect of L-theanine in Parkinson's disease and the underlying mechanism focusing on WNT/β-catenin signaling mediated by the MAPK pathway. We treated MPTP-induced SH-SY5Y cells with various concentrations of L-theanine (50, 100, 200, and 500 μg/mL), and we also treated Parkinson's model mice with L-theanine. L-theanine treatment effectively reduced the immunohistochemical hallmarks of Parkinson's disease, particularly Lewy bodies and α-synuclein, and increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells. L-theanine also improved the motor dysfunction in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model mice as measured by the rotarod test. The levels of several pro-inflammatory mediators that are overexpressed in Parkinson's disease, namely TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, and MAC-1, were reduced following L-theanine treatment, and the levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, caspase-3, p53, and PARP-1 were significantly reduced. L-theanine regulated the oxidative stress-related factors SOD-1, GST, and NOX-4 by targeting several proteins related to WNT/β-catenin signaling, i.e., β-catenin, WNT-3a, WNT-5a, TCF1/TCF7, and LEF1, via the MAPK pathway (p-JNK, p-ERK, and p-p38). Our results indicate that L-theanine is neuroprotective and has anti-inflammatory effects that could be beneficial for treating Parkinson's disease.
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26
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Asouzu Johnson J, Ndou R, Mbajiorgu EF. Interactions of alcohol and combination antiretroviral (cART) drug in diabetic male Sprague Dawley rats: Hippocampal perturbations and toxicosis. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:155-170. [PMID: 36718377 PMCID: PMC9883146 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal pathology in diabetes is constantly investigated but the resultant health impact of the concomitant presence of alcohol and combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in diabetes requires further studies to delineate toxicities inimical to hippocampal normal function. Forty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into eight groups (n = 6): negative control (NC), alcohol (AL), cART (AV), alcohol-cART (AA), diabetic control (DB), diabetes-alcohol (DAL), diabetes-cART (DAV), and diabetes-alcohol-cART (DAA) exposure groups. Following diabetes induction and sub-chronic (90 days) treatment exposure, hippocampal homogenates were profiled for pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress (MDA and GPx) using immunoassay, while apoptotic genes (BAX, Bcl2, and Caspase-3), insulin receptor genes (INSR and IRS-1), and blood-brain barrier (BBB) junctional proteins (claudin-5, and occludin) gene expression were assessed using qPCR. Histomorphology of hippocampal neuronal number, nuclei area, and volume of dentate gyrus and neurogenesis were accessed using Giemsa stain, Ki67, and DCX histochemistry respectively. A central hippocampal effect that underpins all treatments is the reduction of DG neuronal number and antioxidant (GPx), highlighting the venerability of the hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons to diabetes, alcohol, cART, and their combinatorial interactions. Additionally, elevated BAX, Bcl2, and IRS1 mRNA levels in the DAL group, and their downregulation in AA, suggests IRS-1-regulated apoptosis due to differential modulating effects of alcohol treatment in diabetes (DAL) in contrast to alcohol with cART (AA). Although the interaction in AA therapy ameliorated the independent alcohol and cART effects on MDA levels, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and DCX, the interaction in AA exacerbated a deficiency in the expression of INSR, IRS-1 (insulin sensitivity), and BBB mRNA which are implicated in the pathogenies of diabetes. Furthermore, the diabetic comorbidity groups (DAV, DAL, and DAA) all share a central effect of elevated hippocampal oxidative stress, BAX, and Caspase-3 mRNA expression with the reduced number of hippocampal neurons, dentate gyrus volume, and neurogenesis, highlighting neurodegenerative and cognitive deficiency implication of these comorbidity treatments. Considering these findings, assessment of hippocampal well-being in patients with these comorbidities/treatment combinations is invaluable and caution is advised particularly in alcohol use with cART prophylaxis in diabetes.
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27
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Li S, Ni N, Wu X, Lan T, Yu Y. Protective Effect of Fangchinoline Against Glaucoma and Neuroinflammation in Unilateral Ocular Hypertension in Mice. INT J PHARMACOL 2023. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2023.131.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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28
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Unnisa A, Greig NH, Kamal MA. Modelling the Interplay Between Neuron-Glia Cell Dysfunction and Glial Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:547-559. [PMID: 36545725 PMCID: PMC10207919 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221221142743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated, interpersonally defined, static condition of the underdeveloped brain. Although the aetiology of autism remains unclear, disturbance of neuronglia interactions has lately been proposed as a significant event in the pathophysiology of ASD. In recent years, the contribution of glial cells to autism has been overlooked. In addition to neurons, glial cells play an essential role in mental activities, and a new strategy that emphasises neuron-glia interactions should be applied. Disturbance of neuron-glia connections has lately been proposed as a significant event in the pathophysiology of ASD because aberrant neuronal network formation and dysfunctional neurotransmission are fundamental to the pathology of the condition. In ASD, neuron and glial cell number changes cause brain circuits to malfunction and impact behaviour. A study revealed that reactive glial cells result in the loss of synaptic functioning and induce autism under inflammatory conditions. Recent discoveries also suggest that dysfunction or changes in the ability of microglia to carry out physiological and defensive functions (such as failure in synaptic elimination or aberrant microglial activation) may be crucial for developing brain diseases, especially autism. The cerebellum, white matter, and cortical regions of autistic patients showed significant microglial activation. Reactive glial cells result in the loss of synaptic functioning and induce autism under inflammatory conditions. Replacement of defective glial cells (Cell-replacement treatment), glial progenitor cell-based therapy, and medication therapy (inhibition of microglia activation) are all utilised to treat glial dysfunction. This review discusses the role of glial cells in ASD and the various potential approaches to treating glial cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Unnisa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA;
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Peterlee place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
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29
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Xiromerisiou G, Marogianni C, Lampropoulos IC, Dardiotis E, Speletas M, Ntavaroukas P, Androutsopoulou A, Kalala F, Grigoriadis N, Papoutsopoulou S. Peripheral Inflammatory Markers TNF-α and CCL2 Revisited: Association with Parkinson's Disease Severity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010264. [PMID: 36613708 PMCID: PMC9820450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major mediators of neuroinflammation in PD is tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which, similar to other cytokines, is produced by activated microglia and astrocytes. Although TNF-α can be neuroprotective in the brain, long-term neuroinflammation and TNF release can be harmful, having a neurotoxic role that leads to death of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons and, therefore, is associated with neurodegeneration. Apart from cytokines, a wide family of molecules with homologous structures, namely chemokines, play a key role in neuro-inflammation by drawing cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and activating microglia. The objective of the current study was to examine the levels of the serum TNF-α and CCL2 (Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2), also known as MCP-1 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1), in PD patients compared with healthy controls. We also investigated the associations between the serum levels of these two inflammatory mediators and a number of clinical symptoms, in particular, disease severity and cognition. Such an assessment may point to their prognostic value and provide some treatment hints. PD patients with advanced stage on the Hoehn-Yahr scale showed an increase in TNF-α levels compared with PD patients with stages 1 and 2 (p = 0.01). Additionally, the UPDRS score was significantly associated with TNF-α levels. CCL2 levels, however, showed no significant associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Xiromerisiou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Chrysoula Marogianni
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece
| | - Ioannis C. Lampropoulos
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Ntavaroukas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece
| | - Anastasia Androutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece
| | - Fani Kalala
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association (AHEPA) University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece
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30
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Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Alzheimer's disease and neuroprotective effects of pegylated self-assembled nanoscaffolds. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 4:100149. [PMID: 36593925 PMCID: PMC9804106 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration and synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD) lead to impairment in memory functions. Neuroinflammation causes activation of microglia and astrocytes cells that locally and systemically produces inflammatory cytokines which can serve as early diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets in AD. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF α)) levels were estimated in serum, cerebral tissue, hepatic tissue, and renal tissue in treatment groups of scopolamine-induced amnesia mice model using ELISA protocol. The results showed that cerebral tissue of AD mice exhibited elevated levels of IL1β, IL6, IL10 and TNFα which indicate contribution of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the progression of AD. A significant reduction in the concentration of IL1β, IL-10 and TNF-α were noticed in serum, cerebral tissue and hepatic tissue of animal group treated with marketed memantine tablet (Admenta), pure memantine drug (MEMp), memantine-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) self-assembled nanoscaffolds (MEM-PLGA) SANs, Polyethylene Glycol coated memantine-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) self-assembled nanoscaffolds [(PEG-MEM-PLGA) SANs] and Polyethylene Glycol coated memantine-poly [(lactic-co-glycolic acid)] self-assembled nanoscaffolds grafted with Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cell ((PEG-MEM-PLGA) SANs-BMSc), whereas a high level of IL-6 was observed in hepatic tissue, cerebral tissue and renal tissues of normal and AD induced mice which showed the emerging potential of IL-6 cytokines that can trigger either neurons survival after injury or causing neurodegeneration and cell apoptosis. The Neuroregenerative potential of stem cells helps in the proliferation of neuronal cell and thus improves cognition in AD animal model.
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31
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Sodium Butyrate Supplementation Modulates Neuroinflammatory Response Aggravated by Antibiotic Treatment in a Mouse Model of Binge-like Ethanol Drinking. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415688. [PMID: 36555338 PMCID: PMC9778941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the pivotal role of the bidirectional interplay between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system during the progression of alcohol use disorder (AUD). In our previous study, supplementation with sodium butyrate (SB) in C57BL/6J mice prevented increased ethanol consumption in a binge-like drinking paradigm (DID) as a result of treatment with a non-absorbable antibiotic cocktail (ABX). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that SB protection against enhanced ABX-induced ethanol consumption in mice is partially due to modulation of neuroinflammatory responses. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as changes in microglia and astrocytes were analyzed in hippocampus tissues from ABX-, SB-, ABX+SB-treated mice subjected to 4-week DID. We found that ethanol without or with ABX treatment increased mRNA levels of key brain cytokines (MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) while SB supplementation prevented these changes. Additionally, SB supplementation prevented changes in microglia, i.e., increase in Iba-1 positive cell number and morphology, and in astrocytes, i.e., decrease in GFAP-positive cell number, induced by combination of ethanol and ABX treatments. Our results suggest that gut microbiota metabolites can influence drinking behavior by modulation of neuroinflammation, highlighting the potential for microbiome-targeting strategies for treatment or prevention of AUD.
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32
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Perkucin I, Lau KSK, Chen T, Iwasa SN, Naguib HE, Morshead CM. Facile Fabrication of Injectable Alginate and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Based Soft Electrodes toward the Goal of Neuro-Regenerative Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201164. [PMID: 36177684 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Resident brain neural precursor cells (NPCs) are electrosensitive cells that respond to electric field application by proliferating, differentiating, and undergoing rapid and directed cathodal migration. Harnessing NPC potential is a promising strategy to facilitate neural repair following injury or disease. The use of electric fields to activate NPCs is limited by current electrode designs which are typically made of conductive metals that are stiff and can lead to neuroinflammation following implantation, in part due to the mechanical mismatch between physiological conditions and material. Herein, the design of a novel, injectable biobased soft electrode with properties suitable for electrical stimulation in vivo is explored. The recent interest in using biologically derived polymers which are relatively abundant and afford economic feasibility have been built upon. Sodium alginate is utilized to form soft hydrogels, thereby addressing the issue of mechanical mismatch, and the conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), to generate an innovative new material. It is demonstrated that the optimized alginate PEDOT blend matches the modulus of the brain and is suitable for injection and is not cytotoxic to neural cells. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrate minimal activation of inflammatory cells upon implantation in the brain compared to classically used platinum-based electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Perkucin
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Kylie S K Lau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Tianhao Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Stephanie N Iwasa
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada.,CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Hani E Naguib
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.,Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E4, Canada.,Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.,The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada.,CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P5, Canada
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Park EJ, Je J, Dusabimana T, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Kim H, Park SW. The Uremic Toxin Homocysteine Exacerbates the Brain Inflammation Induced by Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123048. [PMID: 36551804 PMCID: PMC9775228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy), a homologue of cysteine, is biosynthesized during methionine metabolism. Elevated plasma Hcy is associated with glomerular injury and considered as a risk factor for renal dysfunction, predicting incident chronic kidney disease. Hcy promotes oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a sudden decline in renal function and is important clinically due to the high mortality rate in AKI patients with multiple organs failure, including the brain. However, the cytotoxic role of Hcy on the brain following AKI is not directly shown. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to renal ischemia reperfusion (IR), one of the causes of AKI, and treated with vehicle or Hcy (0.2 mg/kg) to analyse the brain inflammation. IR mice showed a significant induction in plasma creatinine and Hcy levels, associated with tubular injury and neutrophil infiltration, and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tubular apoptosis. Hcy treatment aggravated these renal damage and dysfunction by regulating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inhibitor of κB phosphorylation, and heme oxygenase-1. Consistently, Hcy treatment significantly increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and COX-2 in the prefrontal cortex of IR mice. We conclude that Hcy treatment aggravated the renal dysfunction and enhanced IR-induced inflammatory cytokines and astrocyte activation in the brain. We propose that lowering plasma Hcy levels may attenuate neurological dysfunction found in patients with AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
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Li N, Deng M, Hu G, Li N, Yuan H, Zhou Y. New Insights into Microglial Mechanisms of Memory Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1722. [PMID: 36421736 PMCID: PMC9687453 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive and irreversible neurodegeneration characterized by the impairment of memory and cognition. Despite years of studies, no effective treatment and prevention strategies are available yet. Identifying new AD therapeutic targets is crucial for better elucidating the pathogenesis and establishing a valid treatment of AD. Growing evidence suggests that microglia play a critical role in AD. Microglia are resident macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS), and their core properties supporting main biological functions include surveillance, phagocytosis, and the release of soluble factors. Activated microglia not only directly mediate the central immune response, but also participate in the pathological changes of AD, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, tau protein phosphorylation, synaptic dissection, neuron loss, memory function decline, etc. Based on these recent findings, we provide a new framework to summarize the role of microglia in AD memory impairment. This evidence suggests that microglia have the potential to become new targets for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao 266555, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingru Deng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Gonghui Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Haicheng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China
- Institute of Brain Sciences and Related Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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35
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Peng Q, Zhang G, Guo X, Dai L, Xiong M, Zhang Z, Chen L, Zhang Z. Galectin-9/Tim-3 pathway mediates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1046992. [DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1046992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a crucial immunoregulatory mediator in the central nervous system. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation play a key role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, it remains unknown whether Gal-9 is involved in the pathogenesis of PD. We found that MPP+ treatment promoted the expression of Gal-9 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MIP-1α) in a concentration-dependent manner in BV2 cells. Gal-9 enhanced neurodegeneration and oxidative stress induced by MPP+ in SH-SY5Y cells and primary neurons. Importantly, deletion of Gal-9 or blockade of Tim-3 ameliorated microglial activation, reduced dopaminergic neuronal loss, and improved motor performance in an MPTP-induced mouse model of PD. These observations demonstrate a pathogenic role of the Gal-9/Tim-3 pathway in exacerbating microglial activation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Kim J, Jeon SG, Jeong HR, Park H, Kim JI, Hoe HS. L-Type Ca 2+ Channel Inhibition Rescues the LPS-Induced Neuroinflammatory Response and Impairments in Spatial Memory and Dendritic Spine Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13606. [PMID: 36362394 PMCID: PMC9655622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling is implicated in the transition between microglial surveillance and activation. Several L-type Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs) have been shown to ameliorate neuroinflammation by modulating microglial activity. In this study, we examined the effects of the L-type CCB felodipine on LPS-mediated proinflammatory responses. We found that felodipine treatment significantly diminished LPS-evoked proinflammatory cytokine levels in BV2 microglial cells in an L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent manner. In addition, felodipine leads to the inhibition of TLR4/AKT/STAT3 signaling in BV2 microglial cells. We further examined the effects of felodipine on LPS-stimulated neuroinflammation in vivo and found that daily administration (3 or 7 days, i.p.) significantly reduced LPS-mediated gliosis and COX-2 and IL-1β levels in C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice. Moreover, felodipine administration significantly reduced chronic neuroinflammation-induced spatial memory impairment, dendritic spine number, and microgliosis in C57BL/6 mice. Taken together, our results suggest that the L-type CCB felodipine could be repurposed for the treatment of neuroinflammation/cognitive function-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Seong Gak Jeon
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Ha-Ram Jeong
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - HyunHee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Jae-Ick Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang-Daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
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Immunosenescence and Aging: Neuroinflammation Is a Prominent Feature of Alzheimer's Disease and Is a Likely Contributor to Neurodegenerative Disease Pathogenesis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111817. [PMID: 36579548 PMCID: PMC9698256 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic multifactorial and complex neuro-degenerative disorder characterized by memory impairment and the loss of cognitive ability, which is a problem affecting the elderly. The pathological intracellular accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated Tau proteins, forming neurofibrillary tangles, and extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, forming senile plaques, as well as neural disconnection, neural death and synaptic dysfunction in the brain, are hallmark pathologies that characterize AD. The prevalence of the disease continues to increase globally due to the increase in longevity, quality of life, and medical treatment for chronic diseases that decreases the mortality and enhance the survival of elderly. Medical awareness and the accurate diagnosis of the disease also contribute to the high prevalence observed globally. Unfortunately, no definitive treatment exists that can be used to modify the course of AD, and no available treatment is capable of mitigating the cognitive decline or reversing the pathology of the disease as of yet. A plethora of hypotheses, ranging from the cholinergic theory and dominant Aβ cascade hypothesis to the abnormally excessive phosphorylated Tau protein hypothesis, have been reported. Various explanations for the pathogenesis of AD, such as the abnormal excitation of the glutamate system and mitochondrial dysfunction, have also been suggested. Despite the continuous efforts to deliver significant benefits and an effective treatment for this distressing, globally attested aging illness, multipronged approaches and strategies for ameliorating the disease course based on knowledge of the underpinnings of the pathogenesis of AD are urgently needed. Immunosenescence is an immune deficit process that appears with age (inflammaging process) and encompasses the remodeling of the lymphoid organs, leading to alterations in the immune function and neuroinflammation during advanced aging, which is closely linked to the outgrowth of infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignant cancers. It is well known that long-standing inflammation negatively influences the brain over the course of a lifetime due to the senescence of the immune system. Herein, we aim to trace the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, we explore alternative avenues, such as neuroimmune involvement in the pathogenesis of AD. We determine the initial triggers of neuroinflammation, which is an early episode in the pre-symptomatic stages of AD and contributes to the advancement of the disease, and the underlying key mechanisms of brain damage that might aid in the development of therapeutic strategies that can be used to combat this devastating disease. In addition, we aim to outline the ways in which different aspects of the immune system, both in the brain and peripherally, behave and thus to contribute to AD.
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Li R, Zhang J, Wang Q, Cheng M, Lin B. TPM1 mediates inflammation downstream of TREM2 via the PKA/CREB signaling pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:257. [PMID: 36241997 PMCID: PMC9563125 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia, the innate immune cells in the central nervous system, play an essential role in brain homeostasis, neuroinflammation and brain infections. Dysregulated microglia, on the other hand, are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, yet the mechanisms underlying pro-inflammatory gene expression in microglia are incompletely understood. Methods We investigated the role of the actin-associated protein tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) in regulating pro-inflammatory phenotype of microglia in the retina by using a combination of cell culture, immunocytochemistry, Western blot, qPCR, TUNEL, RNA sequencing and electroretinogram analysis. TREM2−/− mice were used to investigate whether TPM1 regulated pro-inflammatory responses downstream of TREM2. To conditionally deplete microglia, we backcrossed CX3CR1CreER mice with Rosa26iDTR mice to generate CX3CR1CreER:Rosa26iDTR mice. Results We revealed a vital role for TPM1 in regulating pro-inflammatory phenotype of microglia. We found that TPM1 drove LPS-induced inflammation and neuronal death in the retina via the PKA/CREB pathway. TPM1 knockdown ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation in WT retinas yet exaggerated the inflammation in TREM2−/− retinas. RNA sequencing revealed that genes associated with M1 microglia and A1 astrocytes were significantly downregulated in LPS-treated WT retinas but upregulated in LPS-treated TREM2−/− retinas after TPM1 knockdown. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that CREB activated by TPM1 knockdown mediated anti-inflammatory genes in LPS-treated WT retinas but pro-inflammatory genes in LPS-treated TREM2−/− retinas, suggesting a novel role for TREM2 as a brake on TPM1-mediated inflammation. Furthermore, we identified that TPM1 regulated inflammation downstream of TREM2 and in a microglia-dependent manner. Conclusions We demonstrate that TPM1 mediates inflammation downstream of TREM2 via the PKA/CREB signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that TPM1 could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in brain diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02619-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qiong Wang
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Meng Cheng
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong. .,Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Mairuae N, Buranrat B, Cheepsunth P, Yannasithi S. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Fruits Extract Suppresses BV2 Microglial Activation Through Inhibition of NF-κB and Akt/ERK1/2 Pathway. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1493.1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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40
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Glial Cell-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810572. [PMID: 36142483 PMCID: PMC9502483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder; it is the most common cause of dementia and has no treatment. It is characterized by two pathological hallmarks, the extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) and the intraneuronal deposits of Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Yet, those two hallmarks do not explain the full pathology seen with AD, suggesting the involvement of other mechanisms. Neuroinflammation could offer another explanation for the progression of the disease. This review provides an overview of recent advances on the role of the immune cells’ microglia and astrocytes in neuroinflammation. In AD, microglia and astrocytes become reactive by several mechanisms leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines that cause further neuronal damage. We then provide updates on neuroinflammation diagnostic markers and investigational therapeutics currently in clinical trials to target neuroinflammation.
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Lennikov A, Yang M, Chang K, Pan L, Saddala MS, Lee C, Ashok A, Cho KS, Utheim TP, Chen DF. Direct modulation of microglial function by electrical field. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:980775. [PMID: 36158207 PMCID: PMC9493490 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.980775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive electric stimulation (ES) employing a low-intensity electric current presents a potential therapeutic modality that can be applied for treating retinal and brain neurodegenerative disorders. As neurons are known to respond directly to ES, the effects of ES on glia cells are poorly studied. A key question is if ES directly mediates microglial function or modulates their activity merely via neuron-glial signaling. Here, we demonstrated the direct effects of ES on microglia in the BV-2 cells—an immortalized murine microglial cell line. The low current ES in a biphasic ramp waveform, but not that of rectangular or sine waveforms, significantly suppressed the motility and migration of BV-2 microglia in culture without causing cytotoxicity. This was associated with diminished cytoskeleton reorganization and microvilli formation in BV-2 cultures, as demonstrated by immunostaining of cytoskeletal proteins, F-actin and β-tubulin, and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, ES of a ramp waveform reduced microglial phagocytosis of fluorescent zymosan particles and suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in BV-2 cells as shown by Proteome Profiler Mouse Cytokine Array. The results of quantitative PCR and immunostaining for cyclooxygenase-2, Interleukin 6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α corroborated the direct suppression of LPS-induced microglial responses by a ramp ES. Transcriptome profiling further demonstrated that ramp ES effectively suppressed nearly half of the LPS-induced genes, primarily relating to cellular motility, energy metabolism, and calcium signaling. Our results reveal a direct modulatory effect of ES on previously thought electrically “non-responsive” microglia and suggest a new avenue of employing ES for anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Lennikov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Menglu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karen Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Madhu Sudhana Saddala
- Wilmer Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cherin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ajay Ashok
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kin-Sang Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dong Feng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dong Feng Chen,
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Manavi MA. Neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues in epilepsy and associated comorbidities. Neuropeptides 2022; 94:102250. [PMID: 35561568 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological condition induced by losing equilibrium of different pathway as well as neurotransmitters that affects over 50 million people globally. Furthermore, long-term administration of anti-seizure medications has been associated with psychological adverse effects. Also, epilepsy has been related to an increased prevalence of obesity and called type 2 diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, GLP-1 receptors are located throughout the brain, including the hippocampus, which have been associated to majority of neurological conditions, such as epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. Moreover, the impact of different GLP-1 analogues on diverse neurotransmitter systems and associated cellular and molecular pathways as a potential therapeutic target for epilepsy and associated comorbidities has piqued curiosity. In this regard, the anticonvulsant effects of GLP-1 analogues have been investigated in various animal models and promising results such as anticonvulsants as well as cognitive improvements have been observed. For instance, GLP-1 analogues like liraglutide in addition to their possible anticonvulsant benefits, could be utilized to alleviate mental cognitive problems caused by both epilepsy and anti-seizure medication side effects. In this review and growing protective function of GLP-1 in epilepsy induced by disturbed neurotransmitter pathways and the probable mechanisms of action of GLP-1 analogues as well as the GLP-1 receptor in these effects have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Manavi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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The Monkey Head Mushroom and Memory Enhancement in Alzheimer’s Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152284. [PMID: 35892581 PMCID: PMC9331832 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, and no effective treatments are available to treat this disorder. Therefore, researchers have been investigating Hericium erinaceus, or the monkey head mushroom, an edible medicinal mushroom, as a possible treatment for AD. In this narrative review, we evaluated six preclinical and three clinical studies of the therapeutic effects of Hericium erinaceus on AD. Preclinical trials have successfully demonstrated that extracts and bioactive compounds of Hericium erinaceus have potential beneficial effects in ameliorating cognitive functioning and behavioral deficits in animal models of AD. A limited number of clinical studies have been conducted and several clinical trials are ongoing, which have thus far shown analogous outcomes to the preclinical studies. Nonetheless, future research on Hericium erinaceus needs to focus on elucidating the specific neuroprotective mechanisms and the target sites in AD. Additionally, standardized treatment parameters and universal regulatory systems need to be established to further ensure treatment safety and efficacy. In conclusion, Hericium erinaceus has therapeutic potential and may facilitate memory enhancement in patients with AD.
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Kim J, Lee HJ, Park JH, Cha BY, Hoe HS. Nilotinib modulates LPS-induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammatory responses by regulating P38/STAT3 signaling. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:187. [PMID: 35841100 PMCID: PMC9288088 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic myelogenous leukemia, reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22 generates a chimeric protein, Bcr-Abl, that leads to hyperactivity of tyrosine kinase-linked signaling transduction. The therapeutic agent nilotinib inhibits Bcr-Abl/DDR1 and can cross the blood-brain barrier, but its potential impact on neuroinflammatory responses and cognitive function has not been studied in detail. METHODS The effects of nilotinib in vitro and in vivo were assessed by a combination of RT-PCR, real-time PCR, western blotting, ELISA, immunostaining, and/or subcellular fractionation. In the in vitro experiments, the effects of 200 ng/mL LPS or PBS on BV2 microglial cells, primary microglia or primary astrocytes pre- or post-treated with 5 µM nilotinib or vehicle were evaluated. The in vivo experiments involved wild-type mice administered a 7-day course of daily injections with 20 mg/kg nilotinib (i.p.) or vehicle before injection with 10 mg/kg LPS (i.p.) or PBS. RESULTS In BV2 microglial cells, pre- and post-treatment with nilotinib altered LPS-induced proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels by suppressing AKT/P38/SOD2 signaling. Nilotinib treatment also significantly downregulated LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokine levels in primary microglia and primary astrocytes by altering P38/STAT3 signaling. Experiments in wild-type mice showed that nilotinib administration affected LPS-mediated microglial/astroglial activation in a brain region-specific manner in vivo. In addition, nilotinib significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, IL-6 and COX-2 levels and P38/STAT3 signaling in the brain in LPS-treated wild-type mice. Importantly, nilotinib treatment rescued LPS-mediated spatial working memory impairment and cortical dendritic spine number in wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that nilotinib can modulate neuroinflammatory responses and cognitive function in LPS-stimulated wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Byung-Yoon Cha
- PharmacoRex Co., Ltd., 20 Techno 1-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34016, Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, 42988, Korea.
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45
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Meng Y, Kautz A. An evidence review of the association of immune and inflammatory markers with obesity-related eating behaviors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902114. [PMID: 35911732 PMCID: PMC9336186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eating behaviors contribute to disproportionate energy intake and are linked to the development of obesity. Animal studies support the role of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the regulation of obesity-related eating behaviors and offer a potential target to combat obesity through the modulation of inflammation. However, more complex eating behaviors are present in humans, and their relationships with immune/inflammation markers are unclear. The present study reviewed current literature to synthesize the evidence on the association of immune/inflammation markers with obesity-related eating behaviors in humans. Methods A systematic search of three electronic databases yielded 811 articles, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria. Results The majority of the included studies (91%) were either case-control or cross-sectional studies. A variety of immune/inflammation markers and obesity-related eating behaviors have been assessed in the chosen studies. Three out of four studies identified a positive relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP)/high-sensitivity CRP and loss of control eating. Other inflammatory markers that potentially have a positive relationship with obesity-related eating behaviors include fractalkine and fibrinogen. Additionally, immune molecules, including interferon gamma (INF-γ), interleukin (IL)-7, IL-10, and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-reactive immunoglobulin G (α-MSH/IgG) immune complex, may have negative associations with obesity-related eating behaviors. However, most findings were identified by single studies. Conclusion Limited studies have been conducted in humans. Current evidence indicates a potential bi-directional relationship between inflammatory/immune markers and obesity-related eating behaviors. Additional studies with sophisticated research design and comprehensive theoretical models are warranted to further delineate the relationship between immune/inflammation markers and obesity-related eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Meng
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Amber Kautz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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Panda SP, Dhurandhar Y, Agrawal M. The interplay of epilepsy with impaired mitophagy and autophagy linked dementia (MAD): A review of therapeutic approaches. Mitochondrion 2022; 66:27-37. [PMID: 35842181 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The duration and, age of dementia have been linked to a higher risk of seizures. The exact mechanism that drives epileptogenesis in impaired mitophagy and autophagy linked dementia (MAD) is fully defined after reviewing the Scopus, Publon, and Pubmed databases. The epileptogenesis in patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) is due to involvement of amyloid plaques (Aβ), phosphorylated tau (pTau), Parkin, NF-kB and NLRP3 inflammasome. Microglia, the prime protective and inflammatory cells in the brain exert crosstalk between mitophagy and inflammation. Several researchers believed that the inflammatory brain cells microglia could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of a MAD associated epilepsy. There are conventional antiepileptic drugs such as gabapentin, lamotrigine, phenytoin sodium, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, felbamate, lamotrigine, valproate sodium, and topiramate are prescribed by a psychiatrist to suppress seizure frequency. Also, the conventional drugs generate serious adverse effects and synergises dementia characteristics. The adverse effect of carbamazepine is neurotoxic and also, damages haemopoietic system and respiratory tract. The phenytoin treatment causes cerebellar defect and anemia. Dementia and epilepsy have a complicated relationship, thus targeting mitophagy for cure of epileptic dementia makes sense. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is one of the rising strategies by many patients of the world, not only to suppress seizure frequency but also to mitigate dementia characteristics of patients. Therefore our present review focus on the interplay between epilepsy and MAD and their treatment with CAM approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Yogita Dhurandhar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mehak Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Blando S, Anchesi I, Mazzon E, Gugliandolo A. Can a Scaffold Enriched with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Be a Good Treatment for Spinal Cord Injury? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147545. [PMID: 35886890 PMCID: PMC9319719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a worldwide highly crippling disease that can lead to the loss of motor and sensory neurons. Among the most promising therapies, there are new techniques of tissue engineering based on stem cells that promote neuronal regeneration. Among the different types of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seem the most promising. Indeed, MSCs are able to release trophic factors and to differentiate into the cell types that can be found in the spinal cord. Currently, the most common procedure to insert cells in the lesion site is infusion. However, this causes a low rate of survival and engraftment in the lesion site. For these reasons, tissue engineering is focusing on bioresorbable scaffolds to help the cells to stay in situ. Scaffolds do not only have a passive role but become fundamental for the trophic support of cells and the promotion of neuroregeneration. More and more types of materials are being studied as scaffolds to decrease inflammation and increase the engraftment as well as the survival of the cells. Our review aims to highlight how the use of scaffolds made from biomaterials enriched with MSCs gives positive results in in vivo SCI models as well as the first evidence obtained in clinical trials.
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Peridontitis as a Risk Factor for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Possible Neuro-inflammatory Mechanisms. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2925-2935. [PMID: 35764847 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a condition caused mostly by the creation of a biofilm by the bacterium P. gingivalis, which releases toxins and damages the tooth structure. Recent research studies have reported association between dental health and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Neuroinflammation triggered by the first systemic inflammation caused by the bacterium present in the oral cavities is a plausible explanation for such a relationship. Substantial amount of evidence supports the role of neuroinflammation and dysfunction of the dopaminergic system in the pathology of ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders). Recent epidemiological, microbiological and inflammatory findings strengthen that, periodontal bacteria, which cause systemic inflammation can contribute to neuroinflammation and finally ADHD. Although both diseases are characterized by inflammation, the specific pathways and crosslink's between periodontitis and ADHD remain unknown. Here, the authors describe the inflammatory elements of periodontitis, how this dental illness causes systemic inflammation, and how this systemic inflammation contributes to deteriorating neuroinflammation in the evolution of ADHD. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present possible links and mechanisms that could confirm the evidence of this association.
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Ruffini N, Klingenberg S, Heese R, Schweiger S, Gerber S. The Big Picture of Neurodegeneration: A Meta Study to Extract the Essential Evidence on Neurodegenerative Diseases in a Network-Based Approach. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:866886. [PMID: 35832065 PMCID: PMC9271745 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.866886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The common features of all neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease, are the accumulation of aggregated and misfolded proteins and the progressive loss of neurons, leading to cognitive decline and locomotive dysfunction. Still, they differ in their ultimate manifestation, the affected brain region, and the kind of proteinopathy. In the last decades, a vast number of processes have been described as associated with neurodegenerative diseases, making it increasingly harder to keep an overview of the big picture forming from all those data. In this meta-study, we analyzed genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic data of the aforementioned diseases using the data of 234 studies in a network-based approach to study significant general coherences but also specific processes in individual diseases or omics levels. In the analysis part, we focus on only some of the emerging findings, but trust that the meta-study provided here will be a valuable resource for various other researchers focusing on specific processes or genes contributing to the development of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ruffini
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Leibniz Association, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Klingenberg
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raoul Heese
- Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics (ITWM), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Susann Schweiger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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50
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Zhao P, Xu Y, Jiang LL, Fan X, Ku Z, Li L, Liu X, Deng M, Arase H, Zhu JJ, Huang TY, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Xu H, Tong Q, Zhang N, An Z. LILRB2-mediated TREM2 signaling inhibition suppresses microglia functions. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:44. [PMID: 35717259 PMCID: PMC9206387 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia plays crucial roles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) in association with DAP12 mediates signaling affecting microglia function. Here we study the negative regulation of TREM2 functions by leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2 (LILRB2), an inhibitory receptor bearing ITIM motifs. Methods To specifically interrogate LILRB2-ligand (oAβ and PS) interactions and microglia functions, we generated potent antagonistic LILRB2 antibodies with sub-nanomolar level activities. The biological effects of LILRB2 antagonist antibody (Ab29) were studied in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–derived microglia (hMGLs) for migration, oAβ phagocytosis, and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Effects of the LILRB2 antagonist antibody on microglial responses to amyloid plaques were further studied in vivo using stereotaxic grafted microglia in 5XFAD mice. Results We confirmed the expression of both LILRB2 and TREM2 in human brain microglia using immunofluorescence. Upon co-ligation of the LILRB2 and TREM2 by shared ligands oAβ or PS, TREM2 signaling was significantly inhibited. We identified a monoclonal antibody (Ab29) that blocks LILRB2/ligand interactions and prevents TREM2 signaling inhibition mediated by LILRB2. Further, Ab29 enhanced microglia phagocytosis, TREM2 signaling, migration, and cytokine responses to the oAβ-lipoprotein complex in hMGL and microglia cell line HMC3. In vivo studies showed significantly enhanced clustering of microglia around plaques with a prominent increase in microglial amyloid plaque phagocytosis when 5XFAD mice were treated with Ab29. Conclusions This study revealed for the first time the molecular mechanisms of LILRB2-mediated inhibition of TREM2 signaling in microglia and demonstrated a novel approach of enhancing TREM2-mediated microglia functions by blocking LILRB2-ligand interactions. Translationally, a LILRB2 antagonist antibody completely rescued the inhibition of TREM2 signaling by LILRB2, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for improving microglial functions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-022-00550-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanzhong Xu
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lu-Lin Jiang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Xuejun Fan
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Ku
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leike Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mi Deng
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jay-Jiguang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, McGovern Medical School and Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Y Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Huaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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