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Álvarez-Herms J, Odriozola A. Microbiome and physical activity. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 111:409-450. [PMID: 38908903 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Regular physical activity promotes health benefits and contributes to develop the individual biological potential. Chronical physical activity performed at moderate and high-intensity is the intensity more favorable to produce health development in athletes and improve the gut microbiota balance. The athletic microbiome is characterized by increased microbial diversity and abundance as well as greater phenotypic versatility. In addition, physical activity and microbiota composition have bidirectional effects, with regular physical activity improving microbial composition and microbial composition enhancing physical performance. The improvement of physical performance by a healthy microbiota is related to different phenotypes: i) efficient metabolic development, ii) improved regulation of intestinal permeability, iii) favourable modulation of local and systemic inflammatory and efficient immune responses, iv) efective regulation of systemic pH and, v) protection against acute stressful events such as environmental exposure to altitude or heat. The type of sport, both intensity or volume characteristics promote microbiota specialisation. Individual assessment of the state of the gut microbiota can be an effective biomarker for monitoring health in the medium to long term. The relationship between the microbiota and the rest of the body is bidirectional and symbiotic, with a full connection between the systemic functions of the nervous, musculoskeletal, endocrine, metabolic, acid-base and immune systems. In addition, circadian rhythms, including regular physical activity, directly influence the adaptive response of the microbiota. In conclusion, regular stimuli of moderate- and high-intensity physical activity promote greater diversity, abundance, resilience and versatility of the gut microbiota. This effect is highly beneficial for human health when healthy lifestyle habits including nutrition, hydration, rest, chronoregulation and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Phymo® Lab, Physiology and Molecular Laboratory, Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain.
| | - Adrián Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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Salem A, Trabelsi K, Jahrami H, AlRasheed MM, Boukhris O, Puce L, Bragazzi NL, Ammar A, Glenn JM, Chtourou H. Branched-Chain Amino Acids Supplementation and Post-Exercise Recovery: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:384-396. [PMID: 38241335 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2297899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Objective: This overview of systematic reviews (OoSRs) aimed, firstly, to systematically review, summarize, and appraise the findings of published systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses that investigate the effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on post-exercise recovery of muscle damage biomarkers, muscle soreness, and muscle performance. The secondary objective was to re-analyze and standardize the results of meta-analyses using the random-effects Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman (HKSJ) method.Methods: The methodological quality of the reviews was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2.We searched on five databases (i.e., PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest) for systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses that investigated the effects of BCAA supplementation on the post-exercise recovery of muscle damage biomarkers, muscle soreness, and muscle performance.Results: Eleven systematic reviews (seven with meta-analyses) of individual studies were included. Evidence suggests BCAA ingestion attenuates creatine kinase (CK) levels (medium effects) and muscle soreness (small effects) immediately post-exercise and accelerates their recovery process, with trivial-to-large effects for CK levels and small-to-large effects for muscle soreness. BCAA supplementation has no effect on lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin, and muscle performance recovery. The re-analyses with HKSJ method using the original data reported a slight change in results significance, concluding the same evidence as the original results. The major flaws found in the analyzed reviews were the absence of justification for excluding studies, and the lack of provision of sources of funding for primary studies and sources of conflict of interest and/or funding description.Conclusions: BCAA supplementation is an effective method to reduce post-exercise muscle damage biomarkers, particularly CK levels, and muscle soreness, with no effect on muscle performance. Future systematic reviews with/without meta-analyses, with greater methodological rigor, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef Salem
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Maha M AlRasheed
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Ital
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jordan M Glenn
- Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
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Apidogo JB, Ammar A, Salem A, Burdack J, Schöllhorn WI. Resonance Effects in Variable Practice for Handball, Basketball, and Volleyball Skills: A Study on Contextual Interference and Differential Learning. Sports (Basel) 2023; 12:5. [PMID: 38251279 PMCID: PMC10821429 DOI: 10.3390/sports12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective sports training should be attuned to the athlete's specific conditionings and characteristics. In motor learning research, two often neglected factors that influence this resonance are the learner's athletic background and the structural diversity of exercises (e.g., relative similarity). In the setting of real-word training with higher external validity, this study examines the effects of three learning approaches (i.e., contextual interference (CI), differential learning (DL), and free-play control condition (CO)) on the parallel learning of handball (HB), volleyball (VB), and basketball (BB) skills, considering participants' prior sport backgrounds. Forty-five males (15 HB, 15 VB, and 15 BB players) with a mean age of 22 ± 1.4 years and at least 6 years of experience in the mastered discipline voluntarily participated in this study. A pre-post-retention test design including a 6-week-intervention program was employed. During the intervention period, participants engaged in three training sessions a week, with each one lasting approximately 80 min. Each of the three test sessions involved the execution of ten attempts of BB free-throw shooting, HB three-step goal throwing, and VB underarm passing following a blocked order. In terms of short-term (pre-post) gain, only the DL group significantly improved their performance in both non-mastered disciplines (p = 0.03, ES = 1.58 for the BB free-throw and p = 0.05, ES = 0.9 for the HB shooting tests), with a trend (ES = 0.53) towards an improvement in the performance of the mastered VB underarm-pass skill. In terms of relatively permanent gains, the CI group significantly improved their performances from pre- to retention test only in the non-mastered BB free-throw skill (p = 0.018, ES = 1.17). In contrast, the DL group significantly improved their performance at retention compared to the pre-test in both non-mastered BB (p = 0.004, ES = 1.65) and HB (p = 0.003, ES = 2.15) skills, with a trend (ES = 0.4) towards improvement in the mastered VB test. In both the short-term and relatively long-term, higher composite score gains were observed in DL compared to CI (p = 0.006, ES = 1.11 and 0.049, ES = 1.01) and CO (p = 0.001, ES = 1.73 and <0.0001, ES = 2.67). In conclusion, the present findings provide additional support for the potential advantages of the DL model over those of CI. These findings can serve as the basis for tailored training and intervention strategies and provide a new perspective for addressing various issues related to individual and situational learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Baba Apidogo
- Faculty of Education and Communication Science, Akenteng Appiah-Menkah University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Kumasi P.O. Box 1277, Ghana;
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute for Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.A.); (J.B.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology, Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, UFR STAPS, F-92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Atef Salem
- Institute for Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.A.); (J.B.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Johannes Burdack
- Institute for Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.A.); (J.B.)
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Chen J, Lai TF, Lin LJ, Park JH, Liao Y. Is overall and timing-specific physical activity associated with depression in older adults? Front Public Health 2023; 11:1241170. [PMID: 37808987 PMCID: PMC10560127 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1241170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Regarding the circadian rhythm regulating an individual's response to external stimulation, it remains unclear whether older adults engaged in physical activity at different times of day may be differently related to depression symptoms. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between overall and timing-specific physical activity and depressive symptoms in older Taiwanese adults. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at a medical center in Taipei City, Taiwan, between September 2020 and December 2021. The participants were community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 who could walk independently and were not at high risk of cognitive dysfunction. Physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer (GT3X+, ActiGraph) and categorized into timing-specific periods (morning: 06:01-12:00; afternoon: 12:01-18:00; evening: 18:01-24:00) as well as overall physical activity, which included both light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). A 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale was utilized to assess and measure depressive symptoms. Multivariate linear regression models were estimated for data analysis. Results A total of 180 older adults (55.0% female; 80.5 ± 7.1 years old; 18.3% at risk of depression) were included. On average, the participants spent 237.3 (± 85.7) minutes in LPA per day and 12.8 (± 17.0) minutes in MVPA per day. The results showed that overall MVPA engagement was associated with lower depressive-symptom scores [B = -1.357, 95% CI (-2.561, -0.153)] in older adults. However, no significant associations were observed between overall LPA, timing-specific MVPA and LPA, and depression in older adults. Conclusion To prevent depression in older adults, it is advisable to accumulate a higher amount of MVPA throughout the entire day rather than engage in LPA. Further studies employing a prospective design are necessary to validate and strengthen our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaren Chen
- Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fu Lai
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Nobari H, Azarian S, Saedmocheshi S, Valdés-Badilla P, García Calvo T. Narrative review: The role of circadian rhythm on sports performance, hormonal regulation, immune system function, and injury prevention in athletes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19636. [PMID: 37809566 PMCID: PMC10558889 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was a narrative review of the importance of circadian rhythm (CR), describes the underlying mechanisms of CR in sports performance, emphasizes the reciprocal link between CR, endocrine homeostasis and sex differences, and the unique role of the circadian clock in immune system function and coordination. Method As a narrative review study, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (core collection) databases using the keywords "circadian rhythm", "sports performance", "hormonal regulation", "immune system", and "injury prevention". Inclusion criteria were studies published in English and peer-reviewed journals until July 2023. Studies that examined the role of CR in sports performance, hormonal status, immune system function, and injury prevention in athletes were selected for review. Results CR is followed by almost all physiological and biochemical activities in the human body. In humans, the superchiasmatic nucleus controls many daily biorhythms under solar time, including the sleep-wake cycle. A body of literature indicates that the peak performance of essential indicators of sports performance is primarily in the afternoon hours, and the evening of actions occurs roughly at the peak of core body temperature. Recent studies have demonstrated that the time of day that exercise is performed affects the achievement of good physical performance. This review also shows various biomarkers of cellular damage in weariness and the underlying mechanisms of diurnal fluctuations. According to the clock, CR can be synchronized with photonic and non-photonic stimuli (i.e., temperature, physical activity, and food intake), and feeding patterns and diet changes can affect CR and redox markers. It also emphasizes the reciprocal links between CR and endocrine homeostasis, the specific role of the circadian clock in coordinating immune system function, and the relationship between circadian clocks and sex differences. Conclusion The interaction between insufficient sleep and time of day on performance has been established in this study because it is crucial to balance training, recovery, and sleep duration to attain optimal sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Somayeh Azarian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Saber Saedmocheshi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, 3530000, Chile
- Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, 2520000, Chile
| | - Tomás García Calvo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
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The Impact of Exercise Training Intensity on Physiological Adaptations and Insulin Resistance in Women with Abdominal Obesity. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122533. [PMID: 36554057 PMCID: PMC9778339 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal obesity has emerged globally as a major public health issue due to its high prevalence and morbidity. The benefits of physical exercise among the obese population are well documented. However, the optimal exercise intensity for reducing body fat and preventing insulin resistance and metabolic disorders is still under debate. This study aimed to examine the effects of three different intensities of combined endurance and strength training programs on anthropometric variables, physiological and muscular adaptations, and insulin sensitivity. Forty-three obese young women (age 26.4 ± 4.7 years, BMI 33.1 ± 2.5 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: a control group (G0), a moderate-intensity training group (G50, exercising brisk walking at 50% heart rate reserve HRR), a high-intensity training group (G75, exercise jogging at 75% HRR), and an alternated-intensity training group (G50/75, exercise brisk-walking/jogging at 50−75% HRR) with additional strength training once a week for each group. Body composition, waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity and resistance (Homa-IR), resting heart rate (RHR), 6-min walk distance (6MWD), 1-repetition maximum (1-RM), and time to exhaustion (TTE) at 45% and 75% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for both the flexor and extensor muscle groups of the knees, were recorded before and after three months of exercise training. All training groups showed significant decreases in body mass, BMI, total body fat, body fat percentage, WC, abdominal and visceral mass (p < 0.001), with a greater reduction of body mass and BMI in G75 (p < 0.05). Lean mass increased significantly only in G50/75 (p < 0.05). The insulin sensitivity and Homa-IR decreased in the three training groups (p < 0.01), with greater enhanced resistance in G50 compared to G75 and G50/75 (p < 0.05). In contrast, there were no pre-post changes in all groups for fasting blood glucose (p > 0.05). 1-RM and TTE of the knee flexor and extensor muscles were improved in the three groups (p < 0.01), with greater improvement in G50/75 for 1RM and G75 in most of the TTE parameters (p < 0.05). RHR decreased and 6MWD increased significantly in the three training groups (p < 0.01), with greater 6MWD improvement in G75 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the three training intensities seem to generate benefits in terms of body composition, physiological and muscular adaptations, and insulin resistance. High training intensity resulted in greater improvements in body mass, BMI, and endurance and strength, whereas moderate training intensity resulted in greater improvements of insulin resistance and homo-IR. Following alternate-intensity training, greater improvements were observed in lean mass and maximal strength performance.
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Kim HK, Radak Z, Takahashi M, Inami T, Shibata S. Chrono-exercise: Time-of-day-dependent physiological responses to exercise. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 5:50-58. [PMID: 36994180 PMCID: PMC10040331 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is an effective strategy to prevent and improve obesity and related metabolic diseases. Exercise increases the metabolic demand in the body. Although many of the metabolic health benefits of exercise depend on skeletal muscle adaptations, exercise exerts many of its metabolic effects through the liver, adipose tissue, and pancreas. Therefore, exercise is the physiological state in which inter-organ signaling is most important. By contrast, circadian rhythms in mammals are associated with the regulation of several physiological and biological functions, including body temperature, sleep-wake cycle, physical activity, hormone secretion, and metabolism, which are controlled by clock genes. Glucose and lipid tolerance reportedly exhibit diurnal variations, being lower in the evening than in the morning. Therefore, the effects of exercise on substrate metabolism at different times of the day may differ. In this review, the importance of exercise timing considerations will be outlined, incorporating a chrono-exercise perspective.
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Jusup S, Douwes M, Purwanto B, Indarto D, Hartono H, Pamungkasari EP. Morning Exercise is More Effective in Ameliorating Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Exercise has been believed to be an important step in treating and preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus complications. The circadian rhythm influences systems in the body, including antioxidants in the human body. By synchronizing exercise with exercise time, it will maximize the benefits of exercise for health.
Aim: Examining the effect of morning and afternoon exercise on increasing antioxidants and improving oxidative stress in patients with T2DM.
Methods: Twenty-two T2DM patients were randomly assigned to morning and afternoon exercise groups. The exercise treatment in this study was in the form of diabetes Persadia gymnastic, for 10 weeks. All participants were taken venous blood before exercise and after the tenth week. The data examined consisted of GPx-1 (Glutathione Peroxidase-1) and MDA (malodialdehyde). The pre and post data were statistically processed using a comparative test.
Results: After 10 weeks of exercise, GPx-1 levels increased significantly in both groups (p<0.05). The increase in this enzyme was considerably greater (p<0.05) in the morning group than in the afternoon group (130.37 ± 2.4 h/ml VS 72.38 ± 3.93 h/ml). MDA levels decreased significantly in morning and afternoon groups (p<0.05). The decrease in MDA was significantly greater (p<0.05) in the morning than in the afternoon exercise group (8.22 ± 0.36 nmol/ml VS 5.2 ± 0.86 nmol/ml).
Conclusions: Exercise in the morning was more effective in improving oxidative stress by increasing glutathione peroxidase-1 enzyme and reducing malondialdehyde in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Keywords: Exercise; Glutathione Peroxidase; Malondialdehyde, T2DM.
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Arciero PJ, Ives SJ, Mohr AE, Robinson N, Escudero D, Robinson J, Rose K, Minicucci O, O'Brien G, Curran K, Miller VJ, He F, Norton C, Paul M, Sheridan C, Beard S, Centore J, Dudar M, Ehnstrom K, Hoyte D, Mak H, Yarde A. Morning Exercise Reduces Abdominal Fat and Blood Pressure in Women; Evening Exercise Increases Muscular Performance in Women and Lowers Blood Pressure in Men. Front Physiol 2022; 13:893783. [PMID: 35711313 PMCID: PMC9194552 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.893783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ideal exercise time of day (ETOD) remains elusive regarding simultaneous effects on health and performance outcomes, especially in women. Purpose: Given known sex differences in response to exercise training, this study quantified health and performance outcomes in separate cohorts of women and men adhering to different ETOD. Methods: Thirty exercise-trained women (BMI = 24 ± 3 kg/m2; 42 ± 8 years) and twenty-six men (BMI = 25.5 ± 3 kg/m2; 45 ± 8 years) were randomized to multimodal ETOD in the morning (0600–0800 h, AM) or evening (1830–2030 h, PM) for 12 weeks and analyzed as separate cohorts. Baseline (week 0) and post (week 12) muscular strength (1-RM bench/leg press), endurance (sit-ups/push-ups) and power (squat jumps, SJ; bench throws, BT), body composition (iDXA; fat mass, FM; abdominal fat, Abfat), systolic/diastolic blood pressure (BP), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), profile of mood states (POMS), and dietary intake were assessed. Results: Twenty-seven women and twenty men completed the 12-week intervention. No differences at baseline existed between groups (AM vs PM) for both women and men cohorts. In women, significant interactions (p < 0.05) existed for 1RM bench (8 ± 2 vs 12 ± 2, ∆kg), pushups (9 ± 1 vs 13 ± 2, ∆reps), BT (10 ± 6 vs 45 ± 28, ∆watts), SJ (135 ± 6 vs 39 ± 8, ∆watts), fat mass (−1.0 ± 0.2 vs −0.3 ± 0.2, ∆kg), Abfat (−2.6 ± 0.3 vs −0.9 ± 0.5, ∆kg), diastolic (−10 ± 1 vs−5 ± 5, ∆mmHg) and systolic (−12.5 ± 2.7 vs 2.3 ± 3, mmHg) BP, AM vs PM, respectively. In men, significant interactions (p < 0.05) existed for systolic BP (−3.5 ± 2.6 vs −14.9 ± 5.1, ∆mmHg), RER (−0.01 ± 0.01 vs −0.06 ± 0.01, ∆VCO2/VO2), and fatigue (−0.8 ± 2 vs −5.9 ± 2, ∆mm), AM vs PM, respectively. Macronutrient intake was similar among AM and PM groups. Conclusion: Morning exercise (AM) reduced abdominal fat and blood pressure and evening exercise (PM) enhanced muscular performance in the women cohort. In the men cohort, PM increased fat oxidation and reduced systolic BP and fatigue. Thus, ETOD may be important to optimize individual exercise-induced health and performance outcomes in physically active individuals and may be independent of macronutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Arciero
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Stephen J Ives
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Nathaniel Robinson
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Daniela Escudero
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Jake Robinson
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Kayla Rose
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Olivia Minicucci
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Gabriel O'Brien
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Kathryn Curran
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Vincent J Miller
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Feng He
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States.,Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Chico, CA, United States
| | - Chelsea Norton
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Maia Paul
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Caitlin Sheridan
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Sheriden Beard
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Jessica Centore
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Monique Dudar
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Katy Ehnstrom
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Dakembay Hoyte
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Heather Mak
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Aaliyah Yarde
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
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Higher evening metabolic responses contribute to diurnal variation of self-paced cycling performance. Biol Sport 2022; 39:3-9. [PMID: 35173357 PMCID: PMC8805356 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2021.102930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of time of day (TOD) on physical performance, and physiological and perceptual responses to a 10-km cycling time trial (TT10km). Twelve physically trained subjects (20.3 ± 1.2 years, 74.3 ± 7.4 kg, 179.7 ± 5.5 cm) completed, in a randomized order, a TT10km in the morning and in the evening. Intra-aural temperature (IAT) was measured at rest and following the TT10km. Completion time, power output (PO), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (V̇E), oxygen uptake (V̇O2), carbon dioxide production (V̇CO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were assessed every km during the TT10km. Blood lactate concentration [La] and blood glucose concentration [Glu] were assessed before, during and immediately after the TT10km. Faster completion time (Δ = 15.0s, p = 0.03) and higher IAT (Δ = 0.33°C, p = 0.02 for pre-TT10km) were obtained in the evening compared to the morning with a significant correlation between Δ completion time and Δ IAT at post-TT10 km (r = -0.83, p = 0.04). V̇O2, [La] and [Glu] increased significantly during both test sessions (p < 0.001) with higher values in the evening compared to the morning (p = 0.015, p = 0.04, p = 0.01, respectively). However, the remaining parameters were found to be only affected by the TT10km (p < 0.001). The TT10km generates a higher V̇O2 and higher [La] and [Glu] responses, contributing to a better cycling performance in the evening compared to the morning. The similar magnitude of the TOD effect on completion time and IAT at post-TT10km confirms that core temperature is one of the underlying factors contributing to the diurnal variation in physical performance.
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11
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Chmielecki A, Bortnik K, Galczynski S, Padula G, Jerczynska H, Stawski R, Nowak D. Exhaustive Exercise Increases Spontaneous but Not fMLP-Induced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species by Circulating Phagocytes in Amateur Sportsmen. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:103. [PMID: 35053101 PMCID: PMC8773189 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strenuous exercise alters the oxidative response of blood phagocytes to various agonists. However, little is known about spontaneous post exercise oxidant production by these cells. In this cross-over trial, we tested whether an exhaustive treadmill run at a speed corresponding to 70% of VO2max affects spontaneous and fMLP-provoked oxidant production by phagocytes in 18 amateur sportsmen. Blood was collected before, just after, and 1, 3, 5 and 24 h post exercise for determination of absolute and normalized per phagocyte count spontaneous (a-rLBCL, rLBCL) and fMLP-induced luminol-enhanced whole blood chemiluminescence (a-fMLP-LBCL, fMLP-LBCL). a-rLBCL and rLBCL increased by 2.5- and 1.5-times just after exercise (p < 0.05) and then returned to baseline or decreased by about 2-times at the remaining time-points, respectively. a-fMLP-LBCL increased 1.7- and 1.6-times just after and at 3 h post-exercise (p < 0.05), respectively, while fMLP-LBCL was suppressed by 1.5- to 2.3-times at 1, 3, 5 and 24 h post-exercise. No correlations were found between elevated post-exercise a-rLBCL, a-fMLP-LBCL and run distance to exhaustion. No changes of oxidants production were observed in the control arm (1 h resting instead of exercise). Exhaustive exercise decreased the blood phagocyte-specific oxidative response to fMLP while increasing transiently spontaneous oxidant generation, which could be a factor inducing secondary rise in antioxidant enzymes activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Chmielecki
- Sports Centre, Medical University of Lodz, 6-go Sierpnia 69, 90-645 Lodz, Poland; (A.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Bortnik
- Sports Centre, Medical University of Lodz, 6-go Sierpnia 69, 90-645 Lodz, Poland; (A.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Szymon Galczynski
- Academic Laboratory of Movement and Human Physical Performance “DynamoLab”, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; (S.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Gianluca Padula
- Academic Laboratory of Movement and Human Physical Performance “DynamoLab”, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; (S.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Hanna Jerczynska
- Central Scientific Laboratory, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Robert Stawski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Nowak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
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12
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Boukhris O, Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Hsouna H, Abdessalem R, Altmann S, Clark CCT, Turki M, Ayadi F, Engel F, Chtourou H. Performance, muscle damage, and inflammatory responses to repeated high-intensity exercise following a 40-min nap. Res Sports Med 2021:1-18. [PMID: 34665981 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1988951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 40-min nap opportunity (N40) on performance during, markers of muscle damage and inflammation, and the perception of fatigue and recovery, in response to a 5-m shuttle run test (5msrt). Fifteen male amateur athletes performed the 5msrt under two conditions: N40 and no-nap condition (NN). Blood biomarkers were collected at rest and after the 5msrt to measure muscle damage (i.e., creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT)) and inflammation (i.e., C-reactive protein (CRP)). RPE was determined immediately after each repetition of the test and PRS and DOMS were determined 5 min, thereafter. Compared to NN, N40 improved the highest distance (p<0.001, Δ=+7.9%) and the total distance (p<0.001, Δ=+7.2%) attained during the 5msrt. Pre and post the 5msrt, participants presented lower muscle damage (i.e., CK, LDH, ASAT and ALAT) and inflammation (i.e., CRP) (p<0.05) values in the N40 compared to NN. Concerning RPE, DOMS, and PRS, there was a positive effect in the N40 vs. NN (p<0.01). N40 represents an effective method for improving repeated high intensity short-term maximal performance, PRS, and associated muscle damage and inflammation, and reducing RPE and DOMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Boukhris
- Activité Physique, Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport, Tunis, Tunisie.,High institute of sport and physical education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Activité Physique, Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport, Tunis, Tunisie.,Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hsen Hsouna
- Activité Physique, Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport, Tunis, Tunisie.,High institute of sport and physical education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Abdessalem
- Activité Physique, Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport, Tunis, Tunisie.,High institute of sport and physical education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Stefan Altmann
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Tsg ResearchLab gGmbH, Zuzenhausen, Germany
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Mouna Turki
- Laboratoire De Biochimie, Centre Hospitalo-universitaire Habib Bourguiba, Avenue El-Ferdaous, Sfax, Tunisia.,Faculté De Médecine De Sfax, Unité De Recherche Bases Moléculaires De La Pathologie Humaine, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Laboratoire De Biochimie, Centre Hospitalo-universitaire Habib Bourguiba, Avenue El-Ferdaous, Sfax, Tunisia.,Faculté De Médecine De Sfax, Unité De Recherche Bases Moléculaires De La Pathologie Humaine, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Florian Engel
- Integrative and Experimental Training Science, Institute for Sport Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique, Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport, Tunis, Tunisie.,High institute of sport and physical education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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13
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Aidar FJ, Fraga GS, Getirana-Mota M, Marçal AC, Santos JL, de Souza RF, Ferreira ARP, Neves EB, Zanona ADF, Bulhões-Correia A, de Almeida-Neto PF, Fernandes TLB, Garrido ND, Cirilo-Sousa MDS, Merino-Fernández M, Díaz-de-Durana AL, Murawska-Ciałowicz E, Cabral BGDAT, Clemente FM. Effects of Ibuprofen Use on Lymphocyte Count and Oxidative Stress in Elite Paralympic Powerlifting. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100986. [PMID: 34681085 PMCID: PMC8533337 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Paralympic Powerlifting (PP) is a strength sport and training tends to promote fatigue. Ten national-level PP athletes were evaluated concerning post-training oxidative stress using Ibuprofen and a placebo. Strength indicators were evaluated. The training consisted of five sets of five repetitions (80–90% 1-Repetition Maximum) in the bench press. The IBU had a positive effect on strength indicators, with decreased fatigue and increased lymphocyte count. There were no differences in oxidative stress. The use of IBU provided improvements in strength and fatigue reduction and did not protect against oxidative stress. Abstract Background: Paralympic Powerlifting (PP) training tends to promote fatigue and oxidative stress. Objective: To analyze the effects of ibuprofen use on performance and oxidative stress in post-training PP athletes. Methodology: Ten national level PP athletes (age: 27.13 ± 5.57) were analyzed for oxidative stress in post-training. The study was carried out in three weeks, (1) familiarization and (2 and 3) evaluated the recovery with the use of a placebo (PLA) and ibuprofen (IBU), 800 mg. The Peak Torque (PT), Torque Development Rate (TDR), Fatigue Index (FI), reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and sulfhydryl groups (SH) were evaluated. The training consisted of five sets of five repetitions (80–90%) 1-Repetition Maximum (1-RM) in the bench press. Results: The IBU showed a higher PT (24 and 48 h, p = 0.04, ɳ2 p = 0.39), a lower FI (24 h, p = 0.01, ɳ2p = 0.74) and an increased lymphocyte count (p < 0.001; ɳ2p = 4.36). There was no change in oxidative stress. Conclusions: The use of IBU provided improvements in strength and did not protect against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe J. Aidar
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil; (G.S.F.); (M.G.-M.); (A.C.M.); (J.L.S.); (R.F.d.S.)
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Physiological Science, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(79)-99685-7777
| | - Guacira S. Fraga
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil; (G.S.F.); (M.G.-M.); (A.C.M.); (J.L.S.); (R.F.d.S.)
| | - Márcio Getirana-Mota
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil; (G.S.F.); (M.G.-M.); (A.C.M.); (J.L.S.); (R.F.d.S.)
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Carlos Marçal
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil; (G.S.F.); (M.G.-M.); (A.C.M.); (J.L.S.); (R.F.d.S.)
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Jymmys L. Santos
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil; (G.S.F.); (M.G.-M.); (A.C.M.); (J.L.S.); (R.F.d.S.)
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Raphael Fabricio de Souza
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil; (G.S.F.); (M.G.-M.); (A.C.M.); (J.L.S.); (R.F.d.S.)
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Borba Neves
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil;
| | | | - Alexandre Bulhões-Correia
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil; (A.B.-C.); (P.F.d.A.-N.); (B.G.d.A.T.C.)
| | - Paulo Francisco de Almeida-Neto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil; (A.B.-C.); (P.F.d.A.-N.); (B.G.d.A.T.C.)
| | - Tulio Luiz Banja Fernandes
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil;
| | - Nuno Domingos Garrido
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Maria do Socorro Cirilo-Sousa
- Graduate Program Association of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil;
- Department of Physical Education, Regional of University (URCA), Crato 63105-010, Brazil
| | - María Merino-Fernández
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alfonso López Díaz-de-Durana
- Sports Department, Physical Activity and Sports Faculty-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz
- Physiology and Biochemistry Department, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | | | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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14
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Dergaa I, Ben Saad H, Romdhani M, Souissi A, Fessi MS, Yousfi N, Masmoudi T, Souissi N, Ammar A, Hammouda O. Biological Responses to Short-Term Maximal Exercise in Male Police Officers. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211040920. [PMID: 34414822 PMCID: PMC8381431 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211040920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The specifics of short-term physical exercise are similar to the immediate reaction demands placed on police officers. Identifying the physiological predisposition to short-term high-intensity exercise in male law enforcement officers will assist in understanding their metabolism and make a significant contribution to a much more personal and individualized workout program. This will improve physical fitness of individual officers, improving their preparedness for such times of emergency. This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the responses of hematological (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leucocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes), hormonal (testosterone, cortisol, melatonin), biochemical (glucose, uric-acid, lactate, creatine-phosphokinase) data to short-term maximal exercise in male police officers (n = 20). Blood samples were collected before- and after- the running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST), and biological values were corrected for fluid shifts. Data were mean ± standard deviation of differences (= after minus before RAST). After the RAST, values of cortisol, lactate, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes increased significantly by 7.01 ± 37.36 mmol/l, 7.55 ± 1.67 mmol/l, 0.17 ± 0.26 103/µl, 0.61 ± 0.28 103/µl, and 0.10 ± 0.13 103/µl, respectively. After the RAST, values of melatonin, uric-acid, creatine-phosphokinase, hemoglobin, and hematocrit decreased significantly by -13.24 ± 4.60 pg/ml, -13.28 ± 14.35 µmol/l, -10.23 ± 10.13 IU/l, -2.01 ± 0.81 g/dl, and -4.46 ± 0.59%, respectively. Biological data of male police officers were affected by sprint test. Understanding changes in biological data following short-term maximal exercise can further assist in a better understanding of anaerobic metabolism, which will be helpful to find available methods for coaches to quantify training loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Dergaa
- National Observatory of Sport,
Research Unit “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Farhat HACHED Hospital, Research
Laboratory “Heart Failure, LR12SP09”, University of Sousse, Sousse,
Tunisia
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse,
Laboratoire de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Université de
Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie
- Department of Physiology and
Functional Exploration, Farhat HACHED Hospital, University of Sousse,
Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- National Observatory of Sport,
Research Unit “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amine Souissi
- National Observatory of Sport,
Research Unit “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, Tunis, Tunisia
- National Center of Medicine and
Science in Sport (CNMSS), Research Laboratory “Sport Performance
Optimization”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Saifeddin Fessi
- National Observatory of Sport,
Research Unit “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Narimen Yousfi
- National Center of Medicine and
Science in Sport (CNMSS), Research Laboratory “Sport Performance
Optimization”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Tasnim Masmoudi
- Farhat HACHED Hospital, Forensic
Medical Service, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- National Observatory of Sport,
Research Unit “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Faculty of Medicine of Sfax,
Research Laboratory “Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13”,
University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Faculty of Medicine of Sfax,
Research Laboratory “Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13”,
University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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15
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Ammar A, Boukhris O, Halfpaap N, Labott BK, Langhans C, Herold F, Grässler B, Müller P, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Zmijewski P, Driss T, Glenn JM, Müller NG, Hoekelmann A. Four Weeks of Detraining Induced by COVID-19 Reverse Cardiac Improvements from Eight Weeks of Fitness-Dance Training in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5930. [PMID: 34073051 PMCID: PMC8198940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical training is considered as a low-cost intervention to generate cardioprotective benefits and to promote physical and mental health, while reducing the severity of acute respiratory infection symptoms in older adults. However, lockdown measures during COVID-19 have limited people's opportunity to exercise regularly. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Fitness and Dance training, followed by four weeks of COVID-19-induced detraining, on cardiac adaptations and physical performance indicators in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Twelve older adults (6 males and 6 females) with MCI (age, 73 ± 4.4 y; body mass, 75.3 ± 6.4 kg; height, 172 ± 8 cm; MMSE score: 24-27) participated in eight weeks of a combined Fitness-Dance training intervention (two sessions/week) followed by four weeks of training cessation induced by COVID-19 lockdowns. Wireless Polar Team Pro and Polar heart rate sensors (H10) were used to monitor covered distance, speed, heart rate (HR min, avg and max), time in HR zone 1 to 5, strenuousness (load score), beat-to-beat interval (max RR and avg RR) and heart rate variability (HRV-RMSSD). One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data of the three test sessions (T1: first training session, T2: last training session of the eight-week training program, and T3: first training session after the four-week training cessation). Statistical analysis showed that eight weeks of combined Fitness-Dance training induced beneficial cardiac adaptations by decreasing HR (HR min, HR avg and HR max) with p < 0.001, ES = 0.5-0.6 and Δ = -7 to-9 bpm, and increasing HRV related responses (max and avg RR and RMSSD), with p < 0.01 and ES = 0.4. Consequently, participants spent more time in comfortable HR zones (e.g., p < 0.0005; ES = 0.7; Δ = 25% for HR zone 1) and showed reduced strenuousness (p = 0.02, Δ = -15% for load score), despite the higher covered total distance and average speed (p < 0.01; ES = 0.4). However, these changes were reversed after only four weeks of COVID-19 induced detraining, with values of all parameters returning to their baseline levels. In conclusion, eight weeks of combined Fitness-Dance training seems to be an efficient strategy to promote cardioprotective benefits in older adults with MCI. Importantly, to maintain these health benefits, training has to be continued and detraining periods should be reduced. During a pandemic, home-based exercise programs may provide an effective and efficient alternative of physical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (N.H.); (B.K.L.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (A.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (O.B.); (H.C.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Nicole Halfpaap
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (N.H.); (B.K.L.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Berit Kristin Labott
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (N.H.); (B.K.L.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Corinna Langhans
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (N.H.); (B.K.L.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Fabian Herold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.H.); (P.M.); (N.G.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grässler
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (N.H.); (B.K.L.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Patrick Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.H.); (P.M.); (N.G.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (O.B.); (H.C.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Piotr Zmijewski
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
| | - Jordan M. Glenn
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
- Neurotrack Technologies, 399 Bradford St, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Notger G. Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.H.); (P.M.); (N.G.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Brenneckestraße 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anita Hoekelmann
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (N.H.); (B.K.L.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (A.H.)
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Souissi MA, Ammar A, Trabelsi O, Glenn JM, Boukhris O, Trabelsi K, Bouaziz B, Zmijewski P, Souissi H, Chikha AB, Driss T, Chtourou H, Hoekelmann A, Souissi N. Distance Motor Learning during the COVID-19 Induced Confinement: Video Feedback with a Pedagogical Activity Improves the Snatch Technique in Young Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3069. [PMID: 33809740 PMCID: PMC8002335 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate which of two strategies, Video Feedback with Pedagogical Activity (VF-PA) or Video Feedback (VF), would be more beneficial for the remote error correction of the snatch weightlifting technique during the confinement period. Thirty-five school aged children with at least three months of weightlifting experience were randomized to one of three training conditions: VF-PA, VF or the Control group (CONT). Subjects underwent test sessions one week before (T0) and one day after (T1) a six-session training period and a retention test session a week later (T2). During each test session, the Kinovea version 0.8.15 software measured the kinematic parameters of the snatch performance. Following distance learning sessions (T1), the VF-PA improved various kinematic parameters (i.e., barbell horizontal displacements, maximum height, looping and symmetry) compared with T0 (p < 0.5; Cohen's d = 0.58-1.1). Most of these improvements were maintained during the retention test (T2) (p<0.01, Cohen's d = 1.2-1.3) when compared withT0. However, the VF group improved only twoparameters (i.e., barbell symmetry and horizontal displacement) at T1 (p < 0.05; Cohen's d = 0.9), which were not maintained at T2. Better horizontal displacement and looping values were registered during the retention test in the VF-PA group compared with theCONT group (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = 1.49-1.52). The present findings suggest combining video feedback with pedagogical activity during the pandemic induced online coaching or physical education to improve movement learning in school aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelkader Souissi
- Research Unit, “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.A.S.); (O.B.); (H.S.); (A.B.C.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- Higher Institute of Education and Continuous Training, Virtual University, Montplaisir 2019, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health andLearning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
| | - Omar Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (O.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Jordan M. Glenn
- Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Research Unit, “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.A.S.); (O.B.); (H.S.); (A.B.C.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (O.T.); (K.T.)
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Bouaziz
- Multimedia Information Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory (MIRACL), University of Sfax, Sfax 3021, Tunisia;
| | - Piotr Zmijewski
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Hichem Souissi
- Research Unit, “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.A.S.); (O.B.); (H.S.); (A.B.C.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (O.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Anis Ben Chikha
- Research Unit, “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.A.S.); (O.B.); (H.S.); (A.B.C.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health andLearning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Research Unit, “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.A.S.); (O.B.); (H.S.); (A.B.C.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (O.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Anita Hoekelmann
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Unit, “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.A.S.); (O.B.); (H.S.); (A.B.C.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
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Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Attenuates Morning-Associated Decrements in Supramaximal Exercise Performance in Trained Sprinters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020412. [PMID: 33430250 PMCID: PMC7825729 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diurnal fluctuations in power output have been well established with power loss typically occurring in morning (AM) times. Beetroot juice (BRJ) is a source of dietary nitrate that possess ergogenic properties, but it is unknown if ingestion can mitigate performance decrements in the morning. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute BRJ supplementation on diurnal fluctuations in anaerobic performance in trained sprinters. Male Division 1 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sprinters (n = 10) participated. In a double-blinded crossover study design, participants completed three counterbalanced exercise trials under different conditions: Morning–placebo (8:00 HR, AM-PL), Morning–BRJ (8:00 HR, AM-BRJ), and Afternoon–no supplement (15:00 HR, PM). For each trial, participants completed 3 × 15 s Wingate anaerobic tests separated by 2 min of rest. Each trial was separated by a 72 h washout period. Mean power output (p = 0.043), anaerobic capacity (p = 0.023), and total work (p = 0.026) were significantly lower with the AM-PL condition compared to PM. However, BRJ supplementation prevented AM losses of mean power output (p = 0.994), anaerobic capacity (p = 0.941), and total work (p = 0.933) in the AM-BRJ compared to the PM condition. Rate of perceived exertion was not significantly different between any conditions (p = 0.516). Heart rate was significantly lower during the AM-BRJ condition compared to AM-PL (p = 0.030) and PM (p < 0.001). Findings suggest anaerobic capacity suffers during AM versus PM times in trained sprinters, but BRJ ingestion abolishes AM-associated decrements in performance.
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Modulation of Endothelial Glycocalyx and Microcirculation in Healthy Young Men during High-Intensity Sprint Interval Cycling-Exercise by Supplementation with Pomegranate Extract. A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124405. [PMID: 32575441 PMCID: PMC7344862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The natural components of the pomegranate fruit may provide additional benefits for endothelial function and microcirculation. It was hypothesized that supplementation with pomegranate extract might improve glycocalyx properties and microcirculation during acute high-intensity sprint interval cycling exercise. Eighteen healthy and recreationally active male volunteers 22-28 years of age were recruited randomly to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group was supplemented with pomegranate extract 20 mL (720 mg phenolic compounds) for two weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, the participants completed a high-intensity sprint interval cycling-exercise protocol. The microcirculation flow and density parameters, glycocalyx markers, systemic hemodynamics, lactate, and glucose concentration were evaluated before and after the initial and repeated (after 2 weeks supplementation) exercise bouts. There were no significant differences in the microcirculation or glycocalyx over the course of the study (p < 0.05). The lactate concentration was significantly higher in both groups after the initial and repeated exercise bouts, and were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group after the repeated bout: 13.2 (11.9-14.8) vs. 10.3 (9.3-12.7) mmol/L, p = 0.017. Two weeks of supplementation with pomegranate extract does not influence changes in the microcirculation and glycocalyx during acute high-intensity sprint interval cycling-exercise. Although an unexplained rise in blood lactate concentration was observed.
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Effects of the 5-m Shuttle Run Test on Markers of Muscle Damage, Inflammation, and Fatigue in Healthy Male Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124375. [PMID: 32570815 PMCID: PMC7344466 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise is often associated with increases in muscle damage markers and inflammation. However, biomarkers of muscle damage and inflammation responses to the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT) have not yet been evaluated. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of the 5mSRT on muscle damage markers, inflammation, and perception of fatigue and recovery in healthy male athletes. Fifteen male amateur team sports players (age: 20 ± 3 yrs, height: 173 ± 7 cm, body-mass: 67 ± 7 kg) participated in this study. Blood biomarkers were collected at rest, 5 min after, and 72 h after the 5mSRT to measure muscle damage (i.e., creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT)) and inflammation (i.e., C-reactive protein (CRP)). Best distance (BD), total distance (TD), fatigue index (FI), and percentage decrement (PD) during the 5mSRT were assessed. Perceived recovery (PRS) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) were recorded before, 5 min after, and 72 h after the 5mSRT; perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded before, during, and 72 h after the 5mSRT. Muscle damage biomarkers post 5mSRT showed a significant increase compared to pre 5mSRT (p < 0.001) levels ((i.e., CK (190.6 ± 109.1 IU/L vs. 234.6 ± 113.7 IU/L), LDH (163.6 ± 35.1 IU/L vs. 209.9 ± 50.8 IU/L), ASAT (18.0 ± 4.4 IU/L vs. 21.7 ± 6.2 IU/L), and ALAT (10.2 ± 3.4 IU/L vs. 12.7 ± 3.8 IU/L)) and 72 h post 5mSRT (p < 0.001) levels ((CK (125.3 ± 80.5 IU/L vs. 234.6 ± 113.7 IU/L), LDH (143.9 ± 36.6 IU/L vs. 209.9 ± 50.8 IU/L), ASAT (15.0 ± 4.7 IU/L vs. 21.7 ± 6.2 IU/L), and ALAT (8.6 ± 2.4 IU/L vs. 12.7 ± 3.8 IU/L)). CRP was also significantly higher post 5mSRT compared to pre 5mSRT (2.1 ± 2.5 mg/L vs. 2.8 ± 3.3 mg/L, p < 0.001) and 72 h post 5mSRT (1.4 ± 2.3 mg/L vs. 2.8 ± 3.3 mg/L, p < 0.001). Significant correlations were reported between (i) physical performance parameters (i.e., PD, FI, TD, and BD), and (ii) markers of muscle damage (i.e., CK, LDH, ASAT, and ALAT) and inflammation (i.e., CRP). Similarly, DOMS and RPE scores were significantly higher post 5mSRT compared to pre 5mSRT (2.4 ± 1.0UA vs. 6.7 ± 1.1UA and 2.1 ± 0.6 UA vs. 8.1 ± 0.6 UA, respectively p < 0.001) and 72 h post 5mSRT (1.9 ± 0.7 UA vs. 6.7 ± 1.1 UA and 1.5 ± 0.6 UA vs. 8.1 ± 0.6 UA, respectively p < 0.001). PRS scores were significantly lower post 5mSRT as compared to pre 5mSRT (6 ± 1 UA vs. 3 ± 1 UA, p < 0.001) and 72 h post 5mSRT (7 ± 1 UA vs. 3 ± 1 UA, p < 0.001). Significant correlations existed between (i) performance parameters (PD, FI, TD, and BD) and (ii) RPE, PRS, and DOMS. The 5mSRT increased biomarkers of muscle damage and inflammation, as well as the DOMS and RPE and reduced the PRS. Seventy-two hours was sufficient for fatigue recovery induced by the 5mSRT. PD is better than FI for the calculation of performance decrements during the 5mSRT to represent fatigue.
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20
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Ozdogan MG, Aydin EF, Ustundag MF, Ceyhun HA, Oral E, Bakan E. Homocysteine, chronotype and clinical course in bipolar disorder patients. Nord J Psychiatry 2020; 74:340-345. [PMID: 31900022 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1710250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Higher homocysteine (HHcy) levels have been detected in bipolar disorder (BD) patients, and BD patients show circadian rhythm disorders even during remission. Here, we determined the homocysteine (Hcy) levels and chronotype of patients with BD during remission and investigated whether this was related to the clinical course of the disease. Materials and methods: In total, 80 BD outpatients were included. Clinical evaluation was conducted using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Hcy, folic acid, vitamin B12 levels and protein consumption the day before clinical evaluation were measured.Results and conclusions: HHcy was found in 11 patients (8.8%), most of whom were males (n = 8, 72.7%). During the course of BD, patients with HHcy had significantly more mixed episodes than patients without HHcy (p = .007, z = -2696). In addition, patients with HHcy had significantly lower MEQ scores than patients without HHcy (p = .04, t = 2018). There was no significant difference in chronotype between patients with and without HHcy. The HHcy group had significantly lower levels of vitamin B12 (p = .003, t = 2870). There were no statistically significant differences in daily protein intake and folic acid levels between HHcy and non-HHcy groups. Our study showed a significant relationship between the number of mixed episodes and HHcy. In terms of potential confounds, patients who abused alcohol were excluded, but alcohol consumption was not evaluated. This result should be considered in BD and should be evaluated in larger samples of BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Gunes Ozdogan
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esat Fahri Aydin
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Hacer Akgul Ceyhun
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Oral
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ebubekir Bakan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
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21
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Effects of natural polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice supplementation on plasma ion and lipid profiles following resistance exercise: a placebo-controlled trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:31. [PMID: 32322289 PMCID: PMC7164179 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pomegranate juice (POMj) contains abundant soluble polyphenolic antioxidant compounds and is recommended for its cardioprotective/atheroprotective properties. However, very few studies have investigated the efficacy of POMj supplementation to alter physiological responses during intensive physical exercise. This placebo-controlled study aimed to examine whether supplementation with natural polyphenol-rich-POMj could influence the ionic or lipid responses to an intensive resistance training session in elite athletes. Methods Nine elite weightlifters (21 ± 1 years) performed two Olympic-weightlifting sessions after ingesting placebo and POMj supplements. Venous blood samples were collected at rest and 3 min after each session for assessment of plasma sodium ([Na+]), potassium ([K+]), chloride ([Cl-]), calcium ([Ca2+]), triglyceride ([TG]) and high-density lipoprotein ([HDL-C]), low-density lipoprotein ([HDL-C]) and total ([TC]) cholesterol concentrations. Results Plasma [K+] and [TG] were lowered post-exercise compared to resting values in the PLA condition (p = 0.03 for K+ and p = 0.02 for TG) with no pre-to-post exercise differences in the other plasma ion and lipid markers (p > 0.05). Compared to rest, plasma [Na+] and [Cl-] were increased (p = 0.04, %change = 4.10% for Na+ and p = 0.02, %change = 4.44% for Cl-), but there were no differences in the other plasma ion or lipid markers post-exercise after POMj supplementation (p > 0.05). Post-exercise plasma [Na+], [Cl-], and [HDL-C] were greater following POMj supplementation compared to PLA (p = 0.01 for Cl- and HDL-C, p = 0.02 for Na+, and p = 0.04 for TC), with no between-supplement post-exercise differences in the other ion and lipid markers (p > 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, supplementation with POMj has the potential to attenuate the acute imbalance of plasma [K+] and to improve blood lipid responses (i.e., HDL-C) following resistance exercises in elite weightlifters. However, further large research in both athletic and non-athletic populations is needed to corroborate these preliminary observations and to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms and translational potential of our novel observations. Trial registration Name of the registry:ClinicalTrials.gov PRSThe registration number:NCT02697903.Date of Registry: 03/03/2016 'Retrospectively registered'.The registration title: Pomegranate Improve Biological Recovery Kinetics in Elite Weightlifter. Graphical abstract
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22
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Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Boukhris O, Glenn JM, Bott N, Masmoudi L, Hakim A, Chtourou H, Driss T, Hoekelmann A, El Abed K. Effects of Aerobic-, Anaerobic- and Combined-Based Exercises on Plasma Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Healthy Untrained Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072601. [PMID: 32290148 PMCID: PMC7178085 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently, it is well accepted that physical exercise-induced oxidative stress may damage biological structures and impair cellular functions. However, it is still unclear which type of exercise results in the greatest oxidative stress responses among a healthy untrained population. The aim of the present study was to compare the acute oxidative stress response (i.e., 0 to 20 min) following different types of exercise (anaerobic, aerobic, and combined). Ten healthy, untrained males (19.5 ± 1.7 years) performed three randomized exercise bouts: anaerobic (30 s Wingate test), aerobic (30 min at 60% maximal aerobic power (MAP)) or combined (anaerobic and aerobic). Venous blood samples were collected before, as well as at 0 (P0), 5 (P5), 10 (P10), and 20 (P20) min after each session. Rates of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant activities (i.e., glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), α-tocopherol, and total antioxidant status (TAS)) were assessed. Independent of exercise type, plasma MDA, GPX, SOD, and GR contents increased above baseline, whereas plasma α-tocopherol decreased under baseline after the test sessions (p < 0.05). Aerobic and anaerobic exercises generated faster responses (at P0) when compared to the combined exercise (P5 to P10) for the majority of the tested parameters. Plasma TAS content only increased following the aerobic exercise at P10 (p = 0.03). Five to twenty-minutes post exercise, the highest MDA response was registered in the aerobic condition, and the highest GPX and SOD responses were recorded in the anaerobic (at P5) and aerobic (at P20) conditions (p < 0.05). In conclusion, aerobic, anaerobic, or combined exercises have the potential to acutely increase oxidative stress and antioxidant activities, but with different responses magnitude. These findings confirm that oxidative stress response seems to be dependent on the intensity and the duration of the physical exercise and may help in understanding how varying exercise bouts influence the degree of oxidative stress among healthy untrained young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (H.C.)
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (O.B.); (L.M.); (K.E.A.)
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (O.B.); (L.M.); (K.E.A.)
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1004, Tunisia
| | - Jordan M Glenn
- Neurotrack Technologies, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA; (J.M.G.); (N.B.)
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Nick Bott
- Neurotrack Technologies, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA; (J.M.G.); (N.B.)
- Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liwa Masmoudi
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (O.B.); (L.M.); (K.E.A.)
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1004, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Hakim
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sfax University, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (O.B.); (L.M.); (K.E.A.)
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1004, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (H.C.)
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2-2APS), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
| | - Anita Hoekelmann
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Kais El Abed
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (O.B.); (L.M.); (K.E.A.)
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
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Pan X, Xu K, Wang X, Chen G, Cheng H, Liu AJ, Hou LT, Zhong L, Chen J, Liang Y. Evening exercise is associated with lower odds of visual field progression in Chinese patients with primary open angle glaucoma. EYE AND VISION 2020; 7:12. [PMID: 32140501 PMCID: PMC7049389 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-020-0175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Exercise is widely known to lower intraocular pressure and increase ocular blood flow, which may be beneficial for glaucoma management. However, there are few studies that have reported on the relationship between exercise and glaucoma progression. The aim of our study was to investigate the exercise habits of those with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and its association with the progression of visual field (VF) loss. Methods Daily physical activity (PA) was monitored by an accelerometer (ActiGraph wGT3x-BT) which patients wore for more than 10 h of being awake on their right wrists for 1 week. Results Seventy-one non-progressive and 27 progressive patients were enrolled in the study. 24-h moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) exercise showed that POAG patients had similar variation trends consisting of 3 wave peaks and 2 wave hollows. Minutes spent in MVPA was 19.89 ± 15.81 and 21.62 ± 15.10 during 07:00–09:00 h (p = 0.204), 15.40 ± 14.49 and 15.67 ± 12.43 during 15:00–17:00 h (p = 0.822) and 17.26 ± 21.11 and 11.42 ± 11.58 during 18:00–20:00 h (p = 0.001) in the non-progressive and progressive group, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that 10 min of MVPA (18:00–20:00 h) [odds ratio, OR (95% CI) = 0.82 (0.73, 0.92)], average mean arterial pressure [OR (95% CI) = 0.96 (0.94, 0.98)], age [OR (95% CI) = 1.06 (1.03, 1.08)], male [OR (95% CI) = 0.67 (0.48, 0.96)], spherical equivalent [OR (95% CI) = 1.14 (1.07, 1.22)] and IOP-lowering medications [OR (95% CI) = 1.54 (1.16, 2.05)] were significantly correlated with having progressive VF damage. Multivariable analysis showed that 10 min of MVPA (18:00–20:00 h) [OR (95% CI) = 0.85 (0.75, 0.97)] was associated with progressive VF loss even after adjusting for other risk factors. Conclusions Evening exercise may lower the odds of VF progression, suggesting that exercise habits possibly play an important role in glaucoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Pan
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,2School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027 Zhejiang China
| | - Kai Xu
- 3Nanjing Sport Institute, No.8 Linggusi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Xin Wang
- 2School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027 Zhejiang China.,4Glaucoma Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Guofu Chen
- 2School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027 Zhejiang China.,4Glaucoma Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Huanhuan Cheng
- 2School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027 Zhejiang China.,4Glaucoma Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Alice Jia Liu
- 2School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027 Zhejiang China.,4Glaucoma Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Laurence Tang Hou
- 5Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Lin Zhong
- 2School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027 Zhejiang China.,4Glaucoma Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Jie Chen
- 2School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027 Zhejiang China
| | - Yuanbo Liang
- 2School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027 Zhejiang China.,4Glaucoma Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
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Ammar A, MounaTurki, Trabelsi K, Bragazzi NL, Boukhris O, Bouaziz M, Ayadi F, El Abed K, Driss T, Souissi N, Chtourou H, Bailey SJ, Hoekelmann A. Effects of natural polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice on the acute and delayed response of Homocysteine and steroidal hormones following weightlifting exercises: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:15. [PMID: 32143716 PMCID: PMC7060517 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maximal strength-speed exercise is a powerful stimulus to acutely increase concentrations of circulating steroid hormones and homocysteine [Hcy]. There is some evidence that antioxidant beverages rich in polyphenols can attenuate [Hcy] levels and modulate endocrine responses in favor of an anabolic environment. Polyphenols-rich pomegranate (POM) have been reported to possess one of the highest antioxidant capacities compared to other purported nutraceuticals and other food stuffs. Studies focused on proving the beneficial effect of POM consumption during maximal strength exercises have only measured physical performance, muscle damage, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, while POM effects on [Hcy] and hormonal adaptations are lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of consuming natural polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice (POMj) on the acute and delayed [Hcy] and steroidal hormonal responses to a weightlifting exercises session. METHODS Nine elite weightlifters (21.0 ± 1 years) performed two Olympic-weightlifting sessions after ingesting either the placebo (PLA) or POMj supplements. Venous blood samples were collected at rest and 3 min and 48 h after each session. RESULTS Compared to baseline values, circulating cortisol [C] decreased (p < 0.01) and testosterone/cortisol [T/C] ratio increased immediately following the training session in both PLA and POMj conditions (p = 0.003 for PLA and p = 0.02 for POM). During the 48 h recovery period, all tested parameters were shown to recover to baseline values in both conditions with significant increases in [C] and decreases in [T/C] (p < 0.01 for PLA and p < 0.05 for POMj) from 3 min to 48 h post-exercises. Compared to PLA, a lower level of plasma testosterone [T] was registered 3 min post exercise using POMj supplementation (p = 0.012) and a significant decrease (p = 0.04, %change = - 14%) in plasma [Hcy] was registered during the 48 h recovery period only using POMj. A moderate correlation was observed between [Hcy] and [T] responses (p = 0.002, r = - 0.50). CONCLUSION In conclusion, supplementation with POMj has the potential to attenuate the acute plasma [T] response, but did not effect 48 h recovery kinetics of [Hcy] following weightlifting exercise. Further studies investigating androgen levels in both plasma and muscular tissue are needed to resolve the functional consequences of the observed acute POMj effect on plasma [T]. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov, ID: NCT02697903. Registered 03 March 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Unit of Research Molecular Bases of Human Diseases, 12ES17, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - MounaTurki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax University, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Omar Boukhris
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Bouaziz
- High Institute of Biotechnology, Sfax University, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax University, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kais El Abed
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2-2APS), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Anita Hoekelmann
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
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25
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Stern BD, Hegedus EJ, Lai YC. Injury prediction as a non-linear system. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 41:43-48. [PMID: 31733565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Stern
- Department of Outpatient Rehabilitation, HonorHealth, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Ying-Cheng Lai
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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26
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Ammar A, Bailey SJ, Hammouda O, Trabelsi K, Merzigui N, El Abed K, Driss T, Hökelmann A, Ayadi F, Chtourou H, Gharbi A, Turki M. Effects of Playing Surface on Physical, Physiological, and Perceptual Responses to a Repeated-Sprint Ability Test: Natural Grass Versus Artificial Turf. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:1219-1226. [PMID: 30860407 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of playing surface on physical performance during a repeated-sprint ability (RSA) test and the mechanisms for any potential playing-surface-dependent effects on RSA performance are equivocal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of natural grass (NG) and artificial turf (AT) on physical performance, ratings of perceived exertion, feeling scale, and blood biomarkers related to anaerobic contribution (blood lactate [Lac]), muscle damage (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase), inflammation (C-reactive protein), and immune function (neutrophils [NEU], lymphocytes [LYM], and monocytes) in response to an RSA test. METHODS A total of 9 male professional football players from the same regional team completed 2 sessions of RSA testing (6 × 30 s interspersed with a 35-s recovery) on NG and AT in a randomized order. During the RSA test, total (sum of distances) and peak (highest distance covered in a single repetition) distance covered were determined using a measuring tape, and the decrement in sprinting performance from the first to the last repetition was calculated. Before and after the RSA test, ratings of perceived exertion, feeling scale, and Lac, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, NEU, LYM, and monocytes were recorded in both NG and AT conditions. RESULTS Although physical performance declined during the RSA blocks on both surfaces (P = .001), the distance covered declined more on NG (15%) than on AT (11%; P = .04; effect size [ES] = -0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.21 to 0.56) with a higher total distance covered (+6% [2%]) on AT (P = .018; ES = 1.15; 95% CI, 0.16 to 2.04). In addition, lower ratings of perceived exertion (P = .04; ES = -0.49; 95% CI, -1.36 to 0.42), Lac, NEU, and LYM (P = .03; ES = -0.80; 95% CI, -1.67 to 0.14; ES = -0.16; 95% CI, -1.03 to 0.72; and ES = -0.94; 95% CI, -1.82 to 0.02, respectively) and more positive feelings (P = .02; ES = 0.81; 95% CI, -0.13 to 1.69) were observed after the RSA test performed on AT than on NG. No differences were observed in the remaining physical and blood markers. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that RSA performance is enhanced on AT compared with NG. This effect was accompanied by lower fatigue perception and Lac, NEU, and LYM and a more pleasurable feeling. These observations might have implications for physical performance in intermittent team-sport athletes who train and compete on different playing surfaces.
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Ammar A, Riemann BL, Trabelsi K, Blaumann M, Abdelkarim O, Chtourou H, Driss T, Hökelmann A. Comparison of 2- and 3-Minute Inter-Repetition Rest Periods on Maximal Jerk Technique and Power Maintenance. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2019; 90:287-296. [PMID: 30990367 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1594664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 3- vs. 2-minute inter maximal-repetition rest period (IMRRP) on maintaining jerk technical efficiency and power production during two successive maximal repetitions of Clean & Jerk (C&J). Methods: In a randomized, within subject, repeated measures design, nine elite-weightlifters (age: 24.4 ± 3.6 years, body mass: 77.2 ± 7.1 kg, height 176.0 ± 6.4 cm and 1RM C&J: 170.0 ± 5.0 kg) performed 2-separate testing sessions using 2 (IMRRP-2) and 3 (IMRRP-3) -minute IMRRP, while barbell kinematics and kinetics and joint kinematics were recorded. Results: Statistical analysis showed that one minute longer IMRRP enhanced the maintenance of optimal jerk technique evidenced by reducing declines in peak vertical barbell displacement (2.74%; p = .03), peak barbell velocity (2.89%; p = .03), and peak knee (1.61%; p = .03) and hip extensions (1.59%; p = .03) during the drive phase of the jerk. Additionally, IMRRP-3 led to maintaining optimal lifting strategy by reducing the increase in horizontal displacement during the descending (3.85%; p = .04) and ascending (5.42%; p = .02) phases. Increasing IMRRP from 2min to 3min was also shown to enhance kinetic variables evidenced by prompting higher peak vGRF (2.01%; p = .04) and power (2.55%; p = .04). Conclusion: To better identify an athlete's maximal jerk technique and power maintenance, the results of this study suggest 3min as more appropriate IMRRP during successive C&J at 100% 1RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Ammar
- a Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg
- b Sfax University
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El Abed K, Ammar A, Boukhris O, Trabelsi K, Masmoudi L, Bailey SJ, Hakim A, Bragazzi NL. Independent and Combined Effects of All-Out Sprint and Low-Intensity Continuous Exercise on Plasma Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Trained Judokas. Front Physiol 2019; 10:842. [PMID: 31354512 PMCID: PMC6630067 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess oxidative stress biomarkers prior to and following different forms of exercise. Ten elite male judokas (age: 18.1 ± 1.7 years, athletic experience: 6 years with a training frequency of 6 Judo-sessions/week) performed three cycle ergometry sessions comprising a 30 s Wingate test (MAX), 30 min at 60% maximal-aerobic-power-output (LOW) or these two exercise protocols combined (COMBINED) in a repeated-measures design. Venous blood-samples were collected before, and 0(P0), 5(P5), 10(P10) and 20(P20) min after each exercise protocol and assessed for malondialdehyde concentration ([MDA]), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) content, and total-antioxidant-status (TAS). Plasma [MDA] was found to be increased above baseline at P0 and P5 in the MAX, LOW and COMBINED conditions (p < 0.05), but was greater at P10 and P20 in the LOW condition compared to MAX and COMBINED conditions (p < 0.05). Blood GPX and SOD content increased above baseline at P0 in MAX and COMBINED and at P5 in LOW (p < 0.05), with GR content being similar between groups at P0 and P5 (p > 0.05). 20 min post-exercise, GPX, SOD, GR content and TAS were lower in the MAX compared to the LOW and COMBINED conditions (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the findings from this study reveal that redox-related biomarkers exhibited divergent response dynamics following different forms of exercise, which might have implications for understanding the mechanisms of exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue and adaptive remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kais El Abed
- Research Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Xenobiotics (UR12 ES13), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Unit of Research Molecular Bases of Human Diseases, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Omar Boukhris
- UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Xenobiotics (UR12 ES13), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Liwa Masmoudi
- UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad Hakim
- Research Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Xenobiotics (UR12 ES13), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ezagouri S, Zwighaft Z, Sobel J, Baillieul S, Doutreleau S, Ladeuix B, Golik M, Verges S, Asher G. Physiological and Molecular Dissection of Daily Variance in Exercise Capacity. Cell Metab 2019; 30:78-91.e4. [PMID: 31006590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical performance relies on the concerted action of myriad responses, many of which are under circadian clock control. Little is known, however, regarding the time-dependent effect on exercise performance at the molecular level. We found that both mice and humans exhibit daytime variance in exercise capacity between the early and late part of their active phase. The daytime variance in mice was dependent on exercise intensity and relied on the circadian clock proteins PER1/2. High-throughput gene expression and metabolic profiling of skeletal muscle revealed metabolic pathways that are differently activated upon exercise in a daytime-dependent manner. Remarkably, we discovered that ZMP, an endogenous AMPK activator, is induced by exercise in a time-dependent manner to regulate key steps in glycolytic and fatty acid oxidation pathways and potentially enhance exercise capacity. Overall, we propose that time of day is a major modifier of exercise capacity and associated metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saar Ezagouri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Zwighaft
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jonathan Sobel
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Benjamin Ladeuix
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marina Golik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Samuel Verges
- HP2 Laboratory, Inserm U1042, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Gad Asher
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
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Chtourou H, Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Shephard RJ, Bragazzi NL. Acute Effects of an "Energy Drink" on Short-Term Maximal Performance, Reaction Times, Psychological and Physiological Parameters: Insights from a Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Counterbalanced Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11050992. [PMID: 31052322 PMCID: PMC6566184 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study examined the relationships between the effects of consuming a caffeine-containing “energy drink” upon (i) short-term maximal performance, (ii) reaction times, and (iii) psychological factors (i.e., mood state, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and affective load) and on physiological parameters (i.e., blood pressure and blood glucose). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced crossover design was implemented in this study. Nineteen male physical-education students (age: 21.2 ± 1.2 years; height: 1.76 ± 0.08 m; body-mass: 76.6 ± 12.6 kg) performed two test sessions: after drinking the “Red Bull’ beverage (RB) and after drinking a placebo (PL). One hour after ingestion of each drink, resting blood glucose and blood pressure were measured and the participants completed the Profile of Mood States questionnaire. Then, after a 5-min warm-up, simple visual reaction time and handgrip force were measured, and the 30-s Wingate test was performed. Immediately after these tests, the RPE, blood glucose, and blood pressure were measured, and the affective load was calculated. Differences between treatments were assessed using two-way repeated measures analyses of variance and paired t-tests, as appropriate. Relationships between the test variables were assessed using Bland–Altman correlations. Significant (i) improvements in peak and mean power output, handgrip force, pre- and post-exercise blood glucose, blood pressure, and vigor and (ii) reductions in reaction times, depression, confusion, fatigue, anger, anxiety, RPE, and affective load scores were observed after RB compared to PL. There were significant correlations of (i) physical performances and reaction times with (ii) RPE, affective load, and pre- and post-exercise blood glucose levels. Gains in peak and mean power were significantly correlated with reductions in fatigue, anxiety (peak power only), and anger (mean power only). The reduction of reaction times was significantly correlated with decreases in confusion and anger and with increases in vigor. Handgrip force and reaction times were significantly correlated with pre- and post-exercise blood pressures. We conclude that RB ingestion has a positive effect on physical performance and reaction times. This effect is related to ergogenic responses in both psychological (i.e., RPE, affective load, and mood state) and physiological (i.e., blood glucose and blood pressure) domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia.
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
| | - Achraf Ammar
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Roy Jesse Shephard
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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Lewis P, Korf HW, Kuffer L, Groß JV, Erren TC. Exercise time cues (zeitgebers) for human circadian systems can foster health and improve performance: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000443. [PMID: 30687511 PMCID: PMC6330200 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circadian system time cues (zeitgebers) acting synergistically at the right times can foster chronobiological homeostasis and ultimately health. Modern 24/7 societies are challenging chronobiological homeostasis and public health. Exercise has been discussed as a potential zeitgeber for the human circadian system. Thus, if timed correctly, exercise may help in maintenance of chronobiological homeostasis and foster public health amidst increasingly challenging 24/7 lifestyles. Objective To test, using a systematic review of the literature, the following hypothesis: exercise is a zeitgeber for the human circadian system. Data sources The PubMed database was systematically searched on 19 October 2017 for relevant scientific studies and reports concerning chronobiology and exercise. Eligibility criteria were defined to include articles considering exercise as a potential zeitgeber for human circadian rhythmicity or chronobiological effects of exercise on health and/or physical performance. Cognitive effects and effects on children were excluded from the synthesis. Results Our systematic literature search and synthesis is compatible with the validity of the hypothesis. We report that potential exercise-zeitgeber properties may be used to improve health and performance. Conclusions Informed timing of exercise, specific to the circadian rhythm phase and zeitgeber exposure of the individual, must be advocated in performance and disease contexts as an adjunct therapeutic or preventative strategy and physical enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lewis
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Horst W Korf
- Institute of Anatomy I, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Liz Kuffer
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Valérie Groß
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas C Erren
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Effects of pomegranate supplementation on exercise performance and post-exercise recovery in healthy adults: a systematic review. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:1201-1216. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe functional significance of pomegranate (POM) supplementation on physiological responses during and following exercise is currently unclear. This systematic review aimed (i) to evaluate the existing literature assessing the effects of POM supplementation on exercise performance and recovery; exercise-induced muscle damage, oxidative stress, inflammation; and cardiovascular function in healthy adults and (ii) to outline the experimental conditions in which POM supplementation is more or less likely to benefit exercise performance and/or recovery. Multiple electronic databases were used to search for studies examining the effects of POM intake on physiological responses during and/or following exercise in healthy adult. Articles were included in the review if they investigated the effects of an acute or chronic POM supplementation on exercise performance, recovery and/or physiological responses during or following exercise. The existing evidence suggests that POM supplementation has the potential to confer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects during and following exercise, to improve cardiovascular responses during exercise, and to enhance endurance and strength performance and post-exercise recovery. However, the beneficial effects of POM supplementation appeared to be less likely when (i) unilateral eccentric exercise was employed, (ii) the POM administered was not rich in polyphenols (<1·69 g/l) and (iii) insufficient time was provided between POM-ingestion and the assessment of physiological responses/performance (≤1 h). The review indicates that POM has the potential to enhance exercise performance and to expedite recovery from intensive exercise. The findings and recommendations from this review may help to optimise POM-supplementation practice in athletes and coaches to potentially improve exercise-performance and post-exercise recovery.
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Pickering C, Kiely J. Understanding Personalized Training Responses: Can Genetic Assessment Help? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1875399x01710010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Traditional exercise prescription is based on the assumption that exercise adaptation is predictable and standardised across individuals. However, evidence has emerged in the past two decades demonstrating that large inter-individual variation exists regarding the magnitude and direction of adaption following exercise.Objective:The aim of this paper was to discuss the key factors influencing this personalized response to exercise in a narrative review format.Findings:Genetic variation contributes significantly to the personalized training response, with specific polymorphisms associated with differences in exercise adaptation. These polymorphisms exist in a number of pathways controlling exercise adaptation. Environmental factors such as nutrition, psycho-emotional response, individual history and training programme design also modify the inter-individual adaptation following training. Within the emerging field of epigenetics, DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA allow environmental and lifestyle factors to impact genetic expression. These epigenetic mechanisms are themselves modified by genetic and non-genetic factors, illustrating the complex interplay between variables in determining the adaptive response. Given that genetic factors are such a fundamental modulator of the inter-individual response to exercise, genetic testing may provide a useful and affordable addition to those looking to maximise exercise adaption, including elite athletes. However, there are ethical issues regarding the use of genetic tests, and further work is needed to provide evidence based guidelines for their use.Conclusion:There is considerable inter-individual variation in the adaptive response to exercise. Genetic assessments may provide an additional layer of information allowing personalization of training programmes to an individual’s unique biology.
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Nikolaidis S, Kosmidis I, Sougioultzis M, Kabasakalis A, Mougios V. Diurnal variation and reliability of the urine lactate concentration after maximal exercise. Chronobiol Int 2017; 35:24-34. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1380037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Nikolaidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Kleanthis Vikelidis Swimming Pool, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kosmidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios Kabasakalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Sancassiani F, Lorrai S, Cossu G, Cocco A, Trincas G, Floris F, Mellino G, Machado S, Nardi AE, Fabrici EP, Preti A, Carta MG. The Effects of "VelaMente?!" Project on Social Functioning of People With Severe Psychosocial Disabilities. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2017; 13:220-232. [PMID: 29299045 PMCID: PMC5725481 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901713010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity helps to improve several clinical outcomes of people with severe psychosocial disabilities. The aims of this study were; 1) to assess the efficacy of a psychosocial rehabilitative intervention focused on sailing in a crew on: a) social functioning; b) severity of the psychosocial disability; c) general functioning; d) dysregulation of biorhythms of people with severe psychosocial disabilities, and 2) to evaluate the attenders' satisfaction about the project. METHODS A randomized waitlist controlled trial with parallel groups was carried out involving 51 people with severe psychosocial disabilities. The intervention was a 3 months-lasting course to learn sailing in a crew. Just after the randomization, a group began the sailing course and the other group (wait list) attended the sailing course after 3 months of treatments as usual. Before and after the sailing course, as well as the waiting list period, all attenders were assessed by HoNOS, GAF, CGI-S and BRIAN. At the end of the sailing course, they completed also a self-report satisfaction questionnaire. RESULTS Social functioning significantly improved after the sailing course (HoNOS total score "time X group": p=0.011), mainly because of the improvement of psychopathological symptoms (HoNOS symptoms score "time X group": p=0.003). Furthermore, participants greatly appreciated the rehabilitative program based on sailing in a crew. CONCLUSIONS When compared to more traditional rehabilitative activities that are usually carried out in mental health services, a psychosocial rehabilitative intervention based on sailing in a crew significantly improve the social functioning of people with severe psychosocial disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Lorrai
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessio Cocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Trincas
- Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic, University Hospital, , Italy
| | - Francesca Floris
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gisa Mellino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sergio Machado
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), , Brazil
- Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program - Salgado de Oliveira University, , Brazil
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), , Brazil
| | - Elisabetta Pascolo Fabrici
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic, University Hospital, , Italy
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), , Brazil
- Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program - Salgado de Oliveira University, , Brazil
| | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic, University Hospital, , Italy
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic, University Hospital, , Italy
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Ammar A, Riemann BL, Masmoudi L, Blaumann M, Abdelkarim O, Hökelmann A. Kinetic and kinematic patterns during high intensity clean movement: searching for optimal load. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:1319-1330. [PMID: 28895467 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1376521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate loading effects on kinematic and kinetic variables among elite-weightlifters in order to identify an optimal training load to maximize power production for clean-movement. Nine elite-weightlifter (age: 24 ± 4years, body-mass: 77 ± 6.5kg, height: 176 ± 6.1cm and 1RM clean: 170 ± 5kg) performed 2 separate repetitions of the clean using 85, 90, 95% and 100%, in a randomized order, while standing on a force platform and being recorded using 3D-capture-system. Differences in kinematics (barbell displacement, velocity and acceleration) and kinetics (power, vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), rate of force development (RFD), and work) across the loads were statistically assessed. Results revealed significant load effects for the majority of the studied parameters (p < 0.01) and showed that typical bar-displacement, greatest bar-velocity and peak-power were achieved at 85 and 90% 1RM (p < 0.001). Additionally greater average power was shown for 90 and 95% (p < 0.01) and greater work and vGRF were shown for 90, 95 and 100% than 85% 1RM (p < 0.05). Load had no significant effect on peak-vGRF and peak-RFD (p > 0.05). The results of this study, suggest 90% 1RM to be the most advantageous load to train explosive-force and to enhance power-outputs while maintaining technical efficiency in elite-weightlifters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Ammar
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax , Sfax University , Sfax , Tunisia.,b Institute of Sport Science , Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Bryan L Riemann
- c Biodynamics and Human Performance Center , Armstrong State University , Savannah , GA , USA
| | - Liwa Masmoudi
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax , Sfax University , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Marcel Blaumann
- b Institute of Sport Science , Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Osama Abdelkarim
- b Institute of Sport Science , Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Anita Hökelmann
- b Institute of Sport Science , Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
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Effects of Pomegranate Juice Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Following Weightlifting Exercise. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080819. [PMID: 28758938 PMCID: PMC5579613 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that pomegranate juice supplementation would blunt acute and delayed oxidative stress responses after a weightlifting training session. Nine elite weightlifters (21.0 ± 1 years) performed two Olympic-Weightlifting sessions after ingesting either the placebo or pomegranate juice supplements. Venous blood samples were collected at rest and 3 min and 48 h after each session. Compared to the placebo condition, pomegranate juice supplementation attenuated the increase in malondialdehyde (−12.5%; p < 0.01) and enhanced the enzymatic (+8.6% for catalase and +6.8% for glutathione peroxidase; p < 0.05) and non-enzymatic (+12.6% for uric acid and +5.7% for total bilirubin; p < 0.01) antioxidant responses shortly (3 min) after completion of the training session. Additionally, during the 48 h recovery period, pomegranate juice supplementation accelerated (p < 0.05) the recovery kinetics of the malondialdehyde (5.6%) and the enzymatic antioxidant defenses compared to the placebo condition (9 to 10%). In conclusion, supplementation with pomegranate juice has the potential to attenuate oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant responses assessed acutely and up to 48 h following an intensive weightlifting training session. Therefore, elite weightlifters might benefit from blunted oxidative stress responses following intensive weightlifting sessions, which could have implications for recovery between training sessions.
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