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Tanner AE, Hall MA, Aguilar-Palma SK, Mann-Jackson L, Alonzo J, Bertoni AG, McCoy TP, Garcia M, Sucaldito AD, Turner MJ, Robles Arvizu J, Russell LP, Rhodes SD. Understanding uptake of COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and boosters among Spanish-speaking Latines in the United States: Qualitative insights from Spanish speakers and key informants. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296812. [PMID: 38452119 PMCID: PMC10919869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latine communities in the United States have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19. It is critical to gain a better understanding of the sociocultural determinants that challenge and facilitate COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and booster uptake within these vulnerable communities to inform culturally congruent strategies and interventions. METHODS In summer 2022, our community-based participatory research partnership conducted 30 key informant interviews and 7 focus groups with 64 Spanish-speaking Latine participants in North Carolina. Interviewees consisted of representatives from health and service organizations, most of whom were engaged with direct service to Spanish speakers. Interviews were conducted in either English or Spanish, depending on the preference of the participant; all focus groups were conducted in Spanish. Interviews and focus groups were conducted in person or by videoconference. RESULTS Twenty themes emerged that we organize into four domains: general perceptions about COVID-19; barriers to COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and booster uptake; facilitators to COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and booster uptake; and recommendations to promote testing, vaccination, and booster uptake. DISCUSSION Results underscore important sociocultural determinants of ongoing COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and booster uptake to consider in developing interventions for Spanish-speaking Latines in the United States. Based on this formative work, our partnership developed Nuestra Comunidad Saludable (Our Healthy Community). We are implementing the intervention to test whether trained peer navigators can increase COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and booster uptake among Spanish-speaking Latines through blending in-person interactions and mHealth (mobile health) strategies using social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Tanner
- Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Hall
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | | | - Lilli Mann-Jackson
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute Program in Community-Engaged Research, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Jorge Alonzo
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Alain G. Bertoni
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. McCoy
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States of America
| | - Manuel Garcia
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Ana D. Sucaldito
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute Program in Community-Engaged Research, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Mari Jo Turner
- Hispanic League, Inc, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Jose Robles Arvizu
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Laurie P. Russell
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Scott D. Rhodes
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute Program in Community-Engaged Research, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
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Ghasemi E, Bahrami T, Majdzadeh R, Negarandeh R, Rajabi F. Peer interventions to improve HIV testing uptake among immigrants: A realist review. Health Promot Perspect 2024; 14:19-31. [PMID: 38623348 PMCID: PMC11016139 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.42639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As a vulnerable group in HIV control programs, immigrants face various obstacles to HIV testing. Despite the effectiveness of peer interventions on health promotion in HIV testing, relatively little is known about how these interventions work. This realist review aims to understand why, how, and under what conditions peer interventions can improve immigrants' HIV testing uptake. Methods We followed the steps suggested by Pawson and colleagues for conducting the realist review. To test a initial program theory, we first systematically searched databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane, as well as the websites of UNAIDS, World Bank, Global Fund, WHO, and IOM. After data extraction and quality appraisal, data synthesis was conducted to explain the intervention pathways corresponding to context-mechanism-outcome configurations. Results Seventeen studies were included in the review. Peer interventions for improving immigrants' HIV testing uptake worked through four pathways: Following the improvement of communications (as a proximal mechanism): 1) increasing awareness, 2) reduced stigma, 3) improved support, and 4) increased access to services could lead to improved HIV testing uptake among immigrants. The identified mechanisms were influenced by three groups of individual/ interpersonal, service delivery, and structural factors. Conclusion Peer interventions with multiple strategies to be designed and implemented considering the barriers to HIV testing and also moving beyond one-size-fits-all approaches can successfully improve the immigrants' HIV testing uptake. The refined program theory in this study can help the healthcare providers and policy-makers promote the immigrants' HIV testing uptake and reduce the risk of disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghasemi
- Community Based Participatory Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Bahrami
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Majdzadeh
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
- Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Negarandeh
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rajabi
- Community Based Participatory Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Academic and Health Policy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wippold GM, Garcia KA, Frary SG, Griffith DM. Community Health Worker Interventions for Men: A Scoping Review Using the RE-AIM Framework. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2024; 51:128-143. [PMID: 37350223 DOI: 10.1177/10901981231179498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Community health workers (CHWs) are health promotion specialists who are trusted members of the community served and have a close understanding of the community's needs and values. CHWs are a cost-effective and scalable workforce to promote health among men through tailored approaches. The purpose of the present review was to use the RE-AIM Framework to assess design, implementation, and outcomes of CHW-implemented health promotion efforts tailored for men to provide recommendations for future efforts. METHODS The protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO. The primary inclusion criteria were that the interventions were (a) implemented at least partially by CHWs, (b) conducted only among men, and (c) designed to improve a health-related outcome. PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus were searched using a librarian-generated search strategy. In all, 1,437 articles were uploaded to Rayyan and two reviewers blindly reviewed each article for inclusion. A total of 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Most interventions (a) targeted men under 50 years, (b) were conducted among a subset of underserved men, (c) improved health outcomes, (d) community-based and informed, (e) atheoretical, and (f) had satisfactory retention rates. The roles and responsibilities of CHWs were varied. Attention was given to training of CHWs, but limited attention was given to how/if the CHWs were supervised. DISCUSSION CHW-implemented interventions can improve health outcomes among men. Opportunities exist to build on past interventions, such as addressing mental health and incorporating prosocial aspects of masculinity. The results have implications for designing similar interventions.
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Martinez-Donate AP, Zumaeta-Castillo C, Yamasaki Y, Perez C, Martinez O, Hassrick EM, Ventimiglia J, Lazo-Elizondo M. Feasibility and acceptability of CRiSOL: A pilot peer-based intervention to address syndemic health issues afflicting Latino immigrants in the U.S. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287248. [PMID: 37874795 PMCID: PMC10597517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use, HIV/AIDS, domestic violence and mental health (SAVAME) are syndemic health issues that disproportionately burden Latinos in the U.S. Yet, there are limited evidence-based interventions to address these interrelated syndemic issues and their shared socio-ecological determinants. This study sought to test the feasibility and acceptability of CRiSOL, a peer-based, resilience-focused intervention to reduce the impact of the SAVAME syndemic on Latino immigrants. Fifteen Latino immigrant community leaders were recruited and trained to serve as health promotion agents in their naturally existing social networks. The training was implemented with high fidelity, received with high satisfaction by the peer leaders, and associated with significant improvements in their knowledge, leadership skills, and social capital. During an 8-month outreach phase, nine leaders remained active in the program and documented 825 one-on-one interactions with community members, during which they provided advice/counseling (52.2% of interactions), health information/education (32.5%), referrals to health and social services (38.5%), food aid (39.9%), and service navigation/assistance (10.2%). While future research must be conducted to establish the effectiveness of CRiSOL, findings from this pilot evaluation indicate the feasibility, acceptability, and high level of reach of this intervention and suggest significant potential to reduce the SAVAME syndemic burden in Latino communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Martinez-Donate
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Claudia Zumaeta-Castillo
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yoshiaki Yamasaki
- The Philadelphia AIDS Consortium (TPAC)/World Health Care Infrastructures (WHCI), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cristina Perez
- The Philadelphia AIDS Consortium (TPAC)/World Health Care Infrastructures (WHCI), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Omar Martinez
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth McGhee Hassrick
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jonas Ventimiglia
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mariana Lazo-Elizondo
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Lee JJ, Robles G, Leyva Vera CA, Orellana ER, Graham SM, Nguyen AM, Wei Y, Sanchez AH, Dombrowski JC, Simoni JM. A Peer-Based Intervention to Increase HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Among Latinx Immigrant Sexual Minority Men in the US Pacific Northwest: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e45871. [PMID: 37436792 PMCID: PMC10372765 DOI: 10.2196/45871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hispanic and Latinx gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority men (SMM) are disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States. With the availability of self-testing services, HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing may be more accessible for Latinx immigrant SMM who face obstacles to obtaining HIV-related services. Combining the potential of self-testing kits and the influence of peer educators may present an opportunity to increase HIV and STI testing and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake or linkage to HIV care among Latinx immigrant SMM. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop and pilot a peer intervention to distribute HIV and STI self-testing kits and provide peer counseling based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model to increase PrEP uptake and HIV and STI testing among Latinx immigrant SMM. Our evaluation focused on determining the differences in HIV testing, STI testing, and PrEP uptake outcomes between the intervention and control groups. METHODS We conducted semistructured interviews with community stakeholders to elicit factors to consider for training and intervention. The interview findings informed the development of the intervention and peer training protocols. We piloted the intervention with Latinx immigrant SMM and randomly assigned participants to the intervention group, who received peer counseling and HIV and STI self-testing kits, or the control group, who only received peer counseling. We administered baseline, 1-week, 6-week, and 12-week follow-up surveys to assess behaviors related to HIV testing, STI testing, and PrEP uptake. Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, the intervention components were delivered via web-based modalities. Chi-square tests were performed to examine the associations between HIV testing, STI testing, and PrEP motivation and behaviors across the study arms (intervention vs control). We conducted Cramer V test to determine the strength of the association between study arm and each of the outcome variables. We also assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on participants. RESULTS Overall, 50 (intervention, n=30 and control, n=20) Latinx immigrant SMM participated in the program. Participants reported life disruptions owing to COVID-19, with 68% (34/50) reporting job loss after the declaration of the pandemic. After intervention participation, a higher proportion of participants in the intervention group reported having been tested for STIs (76% vs 36.8%; P=.01; Cramer V=0.394). Among the participants in the intervention group, 91% (21/23) reported being motivated to use PrEP compared with 59% (10/17) in the control group (P=.02; Cramer V=0.385). CONCLUSIONS By facilitating access to HIV and STI testing through peer-delivered information, motivational support, and behavioral skills training as well as the provision of self-testing kits, our intervention demonstrated the potential to increase HIV prevention behaviors in Latinx immigrant SMM. Peer-based programs that offer self-testing and internet-based modes of accessing information may be a feasible strategy for reaching Latinx immigrant SMM. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03922126; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03922126.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane J Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gabriel Robles
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Christopher A Leyva Vera
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - E Roberto Orellana
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Susan M Graham
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Anh-Minh Nguyen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yingying Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Julia C Dombrowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- HIV/STD Program, Public Health - Seattle & King County, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jane M Simoni
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Tanner AE, Palakshappa D, Morse CG, Mann-Jackson L, Alonzo J, Garcia M, Wright E, Dharod A, Isom S, Sucaldito AD, Aviles LR, Rhodes SD. Exploring the consequences of food insecurity and harnessing the power of peer navigation and mHealth to reduce food insecurity and cardiometabolic comorbidities among persons with HIV: protocol for development and implementation trial of weCare/Secure. Trials 2022; 23:998. [PMID: 36510319 PMCID: PMC9743787 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food insecurity, or the lack of consistent access to nutritionally adequate and safe foods, effects up to 50% of people living with HIV (PWH) in the United States (US). PWH who are food insecure have lower antiretroviral adherence, are less likely to achieve viral suppression, and are at increased risk developing of serious illnesses, including cardiometabolic comorbidities. The objectives of this study are to better understand how food insecurity contributes to the development of cardiometabolic comorbidities among PWH and to test a novel bilingual peer navigation-mHealth intervention (weCare/Secure) designed to reduce these comorbidities in food-insecure PWH with prediabetes or Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS In Aim 1, we will recruit a longitudinal cohort of 1800 adult (≥18 years) PWH from our clinic-based population to determine the difference in the prevalence and incidence of cardiometabolic comorbidities between food-secure and food-insecure PWH. Food insecurity screening, indicators of cardiometabolic comorbidities, and other characteristics documented in the electronic health record (EHR) will be collected annually for up to 3 years from this cohort. In Aim 2, we will conduct a randomized controlled trial among a sample of food-insecure PWH who have prediabetes or T2DM to compare changes in insulin sensitivity over 6 months between participants in weCare/Secure and participants receiving usual care. In Aim 3, we will conduct semi-structured individual in-depth interviews to explore the effect of the intervention among intervention participants with varying insulin sensitivity outcomes. TRIAL STATUS Aim 1 (longitudinal cohort) recruitment began in May 2022 and is ongoing. Aim 2 (intervention) recruitment is planned for spring 2023 and is expected to be completed in spring 2024. Aim 3 (process evaluation) data collection will occur after sufficient completion of the 6-month assessment in Aim 2. Final results are anticipated in fall 2025. CONCLUSIONS This research seeks to advance our understanding of how food insecurity impacts the development of cardiometabolic comorbidities among PWH and how food insecurity interventions may alleviate relevant comorbidities. Given the growing interest among health systems in addressing food insecurity, if the intervention is found to be efficacious, it could be broadly disseminated across HIV clinical care settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04943861 . Registered on June 29, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Tanner
- grid.266860.c0000 0001 0671 255XDepartment of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Coleman 437E, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA
| | - Deepak Palakshappa
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA ,grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA ,grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Caryn G. Morse
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Section on Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Lilli Mann-Jackson
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Jorge Alonzo
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Manuel Garcia
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Elena Wright
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Implementation Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Ajay Dharod
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Implementation Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA ,grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Internal Medicine, Informatics and Analytics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA ,grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest Center for Healthcare Innovation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA ,grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest Center for Biomedical Informatics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Scott Isom
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Ana D. Sucaldito
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Lucero Refugio Aviles
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Scott D. Rhodes
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Section on Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA ,grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
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Rhodes SD, Tanner AE, Mann-Jackson L, Alonzo J, Hall MA, Bertoni AG, McCoy TP, Aguilar-Palma SK, Garcia M, Miranda D, Turner MJ. Increasing COVID-19 testing and vaccination among Spanish speakers in the USA: protocol for the development and evaluation of the Nuestra Comunidad Saludable intervention using a group-randomised trial design. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066585. [PMID: 36385019 PMCID: PMC9670094 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our community-based participatory research partnership aims to expand understanding of the social, ethical and behavioural implications of COVID-19 testing and vaccination to inform the development of an integrated intervention that harnesses community-based peer navigation and mHealth strategies to improve COVID-19 testing and vaccination; test the intervention; and develop and disseminate practice, research and policy recommendations to further increase COVID-19 testing and vaccination among Spanish-speaking Latine communities in the USA. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct 50 individual in-depth interviews with health providers, who have conducted COVID-19 testing and/or vaccination activities within Spanish-speaking communities, and with representatives from Latine-serving community-based organisations. We will also conduct six focus groups with 8-12 Spanish-speaking Latine community member participants each for a total number of about 60 focus group participants. Next, we will develop the Nuestra Comunidad Saludable intervention based on findings from interviews and focus groups and use a longitudinal group-randomised trial design with two arms (intervention and delayed intervention) to evaluate the impact of the intervention. We will recruit, enrol and collect baseline data from 20 community-based peer navigators (Navegantes) and their social network members (n=8 unique social network members per Navegante). Navegantes (coupled with their social networks) will be randomised to intervention or delayed intervention groups (10 Navegantes and 80 social network members per group). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval for data collection was granted by the Wake Forest University School of Medicine Institutional Review Board. Following the description of study procedures, we will obtain consent from all study participants. Study findings will be disseminated through an empowerment theory-based community forum, peer-reviewed publications and presentations at scientific meetings, and reports and briefs for lay, community and practitioner audiences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05302908.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Rhodes
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda E Tanner
- Department of Public Health Education, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lilli Mann-Jackson
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jorge Alonzo
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark A Hall
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alain G Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas P McCoy
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Manuel Garcia
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Jaramillo J, Pagkas-Bather J, Waters K, Shackelford LB, Campbell RD, Henry J, Grandberry V, Ramirez LF, Cervantes L, Stekler J, Andrasik MP, Graham SM. Perceptions of Sexual Risk, PrEP Services, and Peer Navigation Support among HIV-Negative Latinx and Black Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) Residing in Western Washington. SEXUALITY RESEARCH & SOCIAL POLICY : JOURNAL OF NSRC : SR & SP 2022; 19:1058-1068. [PMID: 36387840 PMCID: PMC9642978 DOI: 10.1007/s13178-021-00595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction HIV PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is underutilized among Latinx and Black men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. Although peer navigation approaches may increase PrEP uptake and adherence, it remains unclear what strategies work best for MSM of color. Methods From July 2017 to August 2018, we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 25 purposively sampled Latinx and Black cisgender MSM to evaluate how the intersectionality of race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and other identities influenced men's views on PrEP in general and on peer navigation specifically. Thematic analysis was used to identify and analyze emergent themes. Results Emergent themes included: (1) awareness of vulnerability in intimate relationships; (2) barriers to PrEP initiation including perceived side effects, stigma, and financial concerns; (3) a wish to connect with other Latinx and Black MSM in a health and prevention space; and (4) the desire for peer matching based on identity considerations and lived experience. Younger men and Spanish-speaking Latinx men were most interested in peer navigation to access PrEP, while bisexual men had confidentiality concerns. Conclusions In our study, Latinx and Black MSM viewed peer navigation services favorably, especially if they addressed men's desire to connect with other MSM of color. Policy Implications Developing culturally-congruent peer navigation programming could help improve PrEP uptake and care engagement for Latinx and Black MSM. Programs should recruit peers from the racial/ethnic minority communities most impacted by HIV and prioritize matching peers to clients based on identity concerns, needs, and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahn Jaramillo
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jade Pagkas-Bather
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases & Global Health, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kimiam Waters
- College of Arts & Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Jsani Henry
- Public Health- Seattle & King County HIV/STD Program, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joanne Stekler
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michele P. Andrasik
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan M. Graham
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Bautista CL, Ralston AL, Brock RL, Hope DA. Peer coach support in internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for college students with social anxiety disorder: efficacy and acceptability. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2022.2040160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra L. Bautista
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Va Medical Center2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Allura L. Ralston
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0308
| | - Rebecca L. Brock
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0308
| | - Debra A. Hope
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0308
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Valentine JA, Delgado LF, Haderxhanaj LT, Hogben M. Improving Sexual Health in U.S. Rural Communities: Reducing the Impact of Stigma. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:90-99. [PMID: 34436713 PMCID: PMC8390058 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STI), including HIV, are among the most reported diseases in the U.S. and represent some of America’s most significant health disparities. The growing scarcity of health care services in rural settings limits STI prevention and treatment for rural Americans. Local health departments are the primary source for STI care in rural communities; however, these providers experience two main challenges, also known as a double disparity: (1) inadequate capacity and (2) poor health in rural populations. Moreover, in rural communities the interaction of rural status and key determinants of health increase STI disparities. These key determinants can include structural, behavioral, and interpersonal factors, one of which is stigma. Engaging the expertise and involvement of affected community members in decisions regarding the needs, barriers, and opportunities for better sexual health is an asset and offers a gateway to sustainable, successful, and non-stigmatizing STI prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo A Valentine
- Division of STD Prevention, NCHHSTP, Centers for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Road, MS US12-3, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
| | - Lyana F Delgado
- Division of STD Prevention, NCHHSTP, Centers for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Road, MS US12-3, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Laura T Haderxhanaj
- Division of STD Prevention, NCHHSTP, Centers for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Road, MS US12-3, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Matthew Hogben
- Division of STD Prevention, NCHHSTP, Centers for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Road, MS US12-3, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
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11
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Ruiz-Sánchez HC, Macia L, Boyzo R, Documet PI. Community health workers promote perceived social support among Latino men: Respaldo. J Migr Health 2021; 4:100075. [PMID: 34927112 PMCID: PMC8646959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2021.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Promotores or community health workers are trusted community members who offer information and support to marginalized groups in society. Latinx immigrants in new growth communities or emerging communities (areas with a small yet growing Latinx population) confront many challenges in their settling processes. De la Mano con la Salud was a community-based participatory project that trained Latino immigrant men as promotores. Promotores recruited 182 Latino immigrant men helped them to attain their own goals, connected them with health and social services and connected them to the larger community. We present data from 23 in-depth interviews with project participants conducted after six months of enrollment. Qualitative analysis confirmed participants’ vulnerabilities and showed that promotores addressed many of the health, legal, and occupational needs of participants. Emerging themes showed that 1) participants had a thirst for a united Latinx community; and 2) felt that promotores had their back (respaldo). The need for community may reflect the current invisibility of this Latinx population, as well as the desires for recognition and ethnic identity affirmation. Respaldo strongly resembles perceived social support, which is the kind of support most associated with health outcomes. Future research can determine what intervention components best foster respaldo.
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12
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Valdes B, Martinez J, Quidley-Rodriguez N, Salani D, Provencio-Vasquez E, De Santis JP. Interventions for Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men: Critical appraisal. Public Health Nurs 2021; 39:572-585. [PMID: 34881458 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some interventions have been developed and tested to reduce high risk sexual behaviors among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men (MSM). The purpose of this paper is to critically appraise published interventions designed to reduce high risk sexual behaviors among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and MSM. DESIGN/SAMPLE/MEASUREMENT A critical appraisal of published interventions designed to reduce high risk sexual behaviors among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and MSM was conducted. Using guidelines established by the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Rating Scale published research articles were categorized and evaluated using these guidelines. RESULTS The critical appraisal identified nine intervention studies that met all inclusion criteria. The critical appraisal of these interventions highlighted strengths and weaknesses of these interventions which should be considered when developing future interventions to decrease high risk sexual practices among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and MSM. CONCLUSION While several interventions have been created to specifically address HIV infection among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and MSM, these interventions were varied. Suggestions for future intervention development to decrease high risk sexual behaviors among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and MSM based on the findings of the critical appraisal of the literature are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Valdes
- University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Jacob Martinez
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | | | - Deborah Salani
- University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | | | - Joseph P De Santis
- University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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13
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Ramírez-Ortiz D, Forney DJ, Sheehan DM, Cano MÁ, Romano E, Sánchez M. Pre- and Post-immigration HIV Testing Behaviors among Young Adult Recent Latino Immigrants in Miami-Dade County, Florida. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:2841-2851. [PMID: 33751312 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HIV testing early in the immigration process can facilitate timely linkage to HIV prevention and treatment services for immigrants. This study aims to determine the prevalence of self-report HIV testing pre- and post-immigration and the associations between pre-immigration HIV sexual risk behaviors, access to healthcare post-immigration, and HIV testing post-immigration among young adult recent Latino immigrants. Cross-sectional data from 504 recent Latino immigrants aged 18 to 34 who immigrated to Miami-Dade County, Florida during the 12 months before assessment were analyzed using robust Poisson regression models. We found that 23.8% of participants reported HIV testing post-immigration and 56.7% reported HIV testing pre-immigration. The prevalence ratio for post-immigration HIV testing was higher for participants that had health insurance (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-2.38) and a regular doctor or healthcare provider after immigration (aPR: 1.43, 95% CI 1.03-2.00), and post-immigration HIV testing was higher for participants that had ever been tested for HIV before immigration (aPR: 2.41, 95% CI 1.68-3.45). Also, the prevalence ratio was lower for those who engaged in condomless sex in the three months prior to immigration (aPR: 0.65, 95% 0.47-0.90). These findings suggest that addressing barriers to healthcare and prevention services for young adult recent Latino immigrants is needed to scale-up HIV testing in this population early in the immigration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Ramírez-Ortiz
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Derrick J Forney
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Diana M Sheehan
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Center for Research On U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Center for Research On U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eduardo Romano
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD, USA
| | - Mariana Sánchez
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5 411, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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14
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Madden LL, Hernandez BO, Russell GB, Wright SC, Kiell EP. The Demographics of Patients Presenting for Laryngological Care at an Academic Medical Center. Laryngoscope 2021; 132:626-632. [PMID: 34415070 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Few studies address the demographics/epidemiology/socioeconomic status of patients presenting to a laryngologist at a tertiary care center for treatment. To identify any possible disparities in voice, airway, and swallowing care, we sought to analyze the aforementioned data for new patients presenting to the voice center at an academic medical center. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data from an institutional database of 4,623 new adult patients presenting for laryngological care at a tertiary care, academic medical center from 2015 to 2020. Demographic data were analyzed. RESULTS Of 4,623 patients, 62.8% were female and 37.2% were male with ages ranging from 19 to 99 years (Avg 59.51, standard deviation 15.83). Patients were 81.8% white, 13% black, and 5.2% other, compared with 56.3% white, 34.8% black, 20% other in the local municipality from US Census Data. Payer mix included 46.98% Medicare, 42.59% commercial insurance, 3.22% Medicaid, 5.19% other, and 2.01% uninsured/self-insured. Patient demographics based on primary diagnosis codes were also examined. A majority of patients presented with voice-related complaints. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the demographics of those with laryngological disorders will help to develop targeted interventions and effective outreach programs for underrepresented patient populations. Future multicenter studies could provide further insight into the distribution of healthcare disparities in laryngology. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay L Madden
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Brian O Hernandez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Gregory B Russell
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - S Carter Wright
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Eleanor P Kiell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S.A
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Glasman LR, Dickson-Gomez J, Corbett AM, Rosado NA, Galletly CL, Salazar J. Contextual influences on Latino men's sexual and substance use behaviors following immigration to the Midwestern United States. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2021; 26:827-844. [PMID: 30592225 PMCID: PMC6599544 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1562051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Latinos in the United States experience a disproportionate number of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and higher use of alcohol and illegal drugs, which has been attributed to increases in risk behaviors following immigration. Whereas substantial research documents these behavioral changes, little is known about how immigrants increase their risk or why some immigrants increase their risk and other immigrants do not. This study explored how the social and normative context affects sexual and substance use behaviors among Latino immigrant men in a midsized Midwestern city of the United States.Methods: We interviewed 64 Latino immigrant men recruited from community sites in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (mean age = 32.6 years). Participants reported the social and normative contexts preceding and following immigration, including social networks and support, perceptions of the law, and familiar and peer normative influences.Results: Immigrants attributed changes in their sexual and substance use behaviors to their immigration goals, social support, peer and familial normative influences, and restrictions related to their immigrant status. Immigration for economic and personal advancement was generally protective from behaviors that would interfere with those goals as were extended familial networks that could provide support, resources, and normative control. The need to stay under the radar of authorities, the proportion of Latinos in the community, the social and normative changes associated with immigrants' age, and the higher perceptions of risk for HIV in the United States compared with their home countries also influenced immigrants' sexual and substance use behaviors.Conclusions: Changes in risk behavior after immigration to the United States reflect a combination of social and normative factors and personal goals. Interventions and policies aiming to prevent HIV and substance use among Latino immigrants should understand the contextual conditions that decrease or increase their risk behaviors in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R. Glasman
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Julia Dickson-Gomez
- Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - A. Michelle Corbett
- Center for Urban Population Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Noel A. Rosado
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Carol L. Galletly
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - José Salazar
- Sixteenth Street Community Health Centers, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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Rhodes SD, Mann-Jackson L, Alonzo J, Nall J, Simán FM, Song EY, Garcia M, Tanner AE, Eng E. Harnessing "Scale-Up and Spread" to Support Community Uptake of the HoMBReS por un Cambio Intervention for Spanish-Speaking Men: Implementation Science Lessons Learned by a CBPR Partnership. Am J Mens Health 2021; 14:1557988320938939. [PMID: 32659149 PMCID: PMC7359643 DOI: 10.1177/1557988320938939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Latinx men in the southern United States are affected disproportionately by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, few evidence-based prevention interventions exist to promote health equity within this population. Developed by a well-established community-based participatory research partnership, the HoMBReS por un Cambio intervention decreases sexual risk among Spanish-speaking, predominately heterosexual Latinx men who are members of recreational soccer teams in the United States. Scale-up and spread, an implementation science framework, was used to study the implementation of this evidence-based community-level intervention within three community organizations that represent typical community-based providers of HIV and STI prevention interventions (i.e., an AIDS service organization, a Latinx-serving organization, and a county public health department). Archival and interview data were analyzed, and 24 themes emerged that mapped onto the 12 scale-up and spread constructs. Themes included the importance of strong and attentive leadership, problem-solving challenges early, an established relationship between innovation developers and implementers, organizational capacity able to effectively work with men, trust building, timelines and incremental deadlines, clear and simple guidance regarding all aspects of implementation, appreciating the context (e.g., immigration-related rhetoric, policies, and actions), recognizing men’s competing priorities, and delineated supervision responsibilities. Scale-up and spread was a useful framework to understand multisite implementation of a sexual risk reduction intervention for Spanish-speaking, predominately heterosexual Latinx men. Further research is needed to identify how constructs, like those within scale-up and spread, affect the process across the implementation continuum, given that the uptake and implementation of an innovation is a process, not an event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Rhodes
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Program in Community Engagement, Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lilli Mann-Jackson
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Program in Community Engagement, Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jorge Alonzo
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Program in Community Engagement, Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Nall
- Carolina Family Health Centers, Inc, Wilson, NC, USA
| | | | - Eunyoung Y Song
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Manuel Garcia
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Program in Community Engagement, Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Amanda E Tanner
- Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Eugenia Eng
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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17
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Feit NZ, Wang Z, Demetres MR, Drenis S, Andreadis K, Rameau A. Healthcare Disparities in Laryngology: A Scoping Review. Laryngoscope 2020; 132:375-390. [PMID: 33314122 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS This scoping review aims to map out existing disparities research within the subspecialty of laryngology in order to highlight gaps in knowledge and guide future research. STUDY DESIGN Scoping Review. METHODS We completed a scoping review of PubMed, Ovid Embase, and the Cochrane Library for primary research focused on evaluating the existence and impact of disparities in race/ethnicity, sex/gender, insurance status, education level, income, geography, and LGBTQ identity in the context of various laryngological conditions. Publications of any design and date, performed in the United States, and focusing on the adult population exclusively were included. RESULTS Of the 4,999 unique abstracts identified, 51 articles were ultimately included. The most frequently examined condition in relation to disparities was laryngeal cancer (27 of 51), followed by voice disorders (15 of 51), deglutitive disorders (eight of 51), and airway disorders (one of 51). Sources of inequity evaluated from most common to least common were race/ethnicity (43 of 51), sex/gender (39 of 51), insurance status (23 of 51), geography (23 of 51), income (21 of 51), and education level (16 of 51). No study examined the association of LGBTQ identity with inequity. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review highlights the limited extent of disparities research in laryngology and establishes the need for further scholarship on the impact of disparities in laryngology care. The pathologies studied were, in decreasing order of frequency: laryngeal cancer, voice disorders, deglutitive disorders, and airway disorders. Race/ethnicity and sex/gender were the most common disparities examined, with no evaluation of LGBTQ-related care inequity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Z Feit
- Otolaryngology Department, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Zhaorui Wang
- Otolaryngology Department, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Michelle R Demetres
- Samuel J. Wood Library and C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Sotirios Drenis
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Katerina Andreadis
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, U.S.A.,Sean Parker Institute for the Voice, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Anaïs Rameau
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, U.S.A.,Sean Parker Institute for the Voice, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, U.S.A
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18
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Rhodes SD, Alonzo J, Mann-Jackson L, Song EY, Tanner AE, Garcia M, Smart BD, Baker LS, Eng E, Reboussin BA. A peer navigation intervention to prevent HIV among mixed immigrant status Latinx GBMSM and transgender women in the United States: outcomes, perspectives and implications for PrEP uptake. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2020; 35:165-178. [PMID: 32441760 PMCID: PMC7243724 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Latinx population in the United States is disproportionately affected by HIV. Our community-based participatory research partnership developed, implemented and evaluated a Spanish-language peer navigation intervention designed to increase HIV testing and condom use among social networks of immigrant Spanish-speaking Latinx gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and transgender women (TW). We randomized 21 social networks of Latinx GBMSM and TW, ages 18-55 years, to the intervention, known as HOLA, or a waitlist control group. Social network participants (n = 166) completed structured assessments at baseline and 12-month follow-up (24 months after baseline). Follow-up retention was 95%. Individual in-depth interviews with a sample of participants documented their intervention-related experiences, needs, and priorities to inform future research. At follow-up, HOLA participants reported increased HIV testing (adjusted odds ratio = 8.3; 95% CI = 3.0-23.0; P < 0.0001). All study participants reported increased condom use; there was no significant difference between HOLA and waitlist control participants. In-depth interviews identified critical intervention elements and impacts and community needs and priorities. The HOLA intervention is effective for increasing HIV testing among Latinx GBMSM and TW, an initial step within the HIV prevention and care continua, and may be adaptable to promote pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Rhodes
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Program in Community Engagement, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jorge Alonzo
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Lilli Mann-Jackson
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Program in Community Engagement, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Eunyoung Y Song
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Amanda E Tanner
- Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Manuel Garcia
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Benjamin D Smart
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Program in Community Engagement, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Logan S Baker
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Eugenia Eng
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Beth A Reboussin
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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19
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Chenneville T, Gabbidon K, Drake H. The HIV SEERs Project: A Qualitative Analysis of Program Facilitators' Experience. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2020; 18:2325958218822308. [PMID: 30798658 PMCID: PMC6748488 DOI: 10.1177/2325958218822308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-related stigma creates barriers to HIV testing, medication adherence, and retention in care. Guided by the principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR) and in collaboration with community health workers (CHWs), the Stigma-reduction through Education, Empowerment, and Research (SEERs) project was developed with and for youth living in Nakuru, Kenya to reduce HIV-related stigma. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the experiences of the CHWs serving as SEERs facilitators. To evaluate SEERs, 37 facilitators completed open-ended survey questions to gather their experiences and recommendations for future program implementation and sustainability. Participants’ mean age was 30.58 (standard deviation = 9.62), ranging from ages 18 to 53. Thematic content analysis was used to categorize (a) facilitators’ experiences and the community impact of the SEERs project, (b) lessons learned, and (c) challenges to sustainability. Recommendations will be used to modify the SEERs project, improve implementation and sustainability strategies, and may provide guidance for similar CBPR projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Chenneville
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Kemesha Gabbidon
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Hunter Drake
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
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20
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Outcomes from a Male-to-Male Promotores Intervention in an Emerging Latino Community. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 22:717-726. [PMID: 31617052 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-019-00939-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Emerging Latino communities experience social isolation and lack services tailored to their culture. Few male-to-male promotores (community health workers in Spanish) interventions exist. This 6-month participatory study aimed to improve social support, healthcare access, depressive symptoms, and decrease alcohol consumption among Latino immigrant men. Promotores delivered non-directive social support to participants recruited from community venues. We analyzed baseline and 6-month questionnaires data (n = 89) using paired chi square tests. All participants were immigrants; 47% had not finished high school, 29% had depression symptoms, 35% reported past month binge drinking and 93% were uninsured. The intervention significantly improved having a usual source of care (24 to 43%), doctor's visits (41 to 62%) and dentist's visits (27 to 42%) in the past year. Other outcomes did not improve. Male promotores increased healthcare access among vulnerable Latino men. Addressing drinking behavior and depression may require longer interventions or specialized providers.
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21
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Painter TM, Song EY, Mullins MM, Mann-Jackson L, Alonzo J, Reboussin BA, Rhodes SD. Social Support and Other Factors Associated with HIV Testing by Hispanic/Latino Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in the U.S. South. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:251-265. [PMID: 31102108 PMCID: PMC6800592 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-019-02540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive-psychosocial and other factors may affect participation in HIV testing, particularly by Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in the U.S. South, a region hard-hit by HIV. We used univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine the association between social support and other cognitive-psychosocial factors; sociodemographic characteristics; risk behaviors; and self-reported HIV testing in a sample of 304 Hispanic/Latino MSM in North Carolina. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, general and HIV-related social support and HIV-related knowledge were associated with greater odds of testing; speaking only Spanish was associated with reduced odds of testing. Social support and aspects of social connectedness may constitute community-based resources for use in HIV prevention efforts with Hispanic/Latino MSM. However, harnessing these resources for HIV prevention will require a better understanding of how social support relationships and processes shape HIV risks and protective actions by these vulnerable MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Painter
- Prevention Research Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, MS E-37, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Eunyoung Y Song
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mary M Mullins
- Prevention Research Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, MS E-37, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Lilli Mann-Jackson
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jorge Alonzo
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Beth A Reboussin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Scott D Rhodes
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Horridge DN, Oh TS, Alonzo J, Mann-Jackson L, Tanner AE, Song EY, Smart BD, Van Dam CN, Baker LS, Rhodes SD. Barriers to HIV Testing Within a Sample of Spanish-speaking Latinx Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men: Implications for HIV Prevention and Care. HEALTH BEHAVIOR RESEARCH 2019; 2:https://doi.org/10.4148/2572-1836.1069. [PMID: 31799502 PMCID: PMC6889883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) have higher rates of HIV infection compared to the general population in the United States, and the infection rate is growing among Latinx GBMSM, compared to a decline in most other demographic subgroups. Uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a biomedical strategy designed to reduce HIV transmission, is very low among Latinx GBMSM. HIV testing is a critical first step in the HIV prevention and care continua. We analyzed data from a community-based sample of Latinx GBMSM in the southeastern United States to identify the most common HIV testing barriers and the factors associated with barriers. The five most commonly reported HIV testing barriers included not knowing where to get tested, not having health insurance, fear of being HIV positive, practicing safer sex and perceiving not needing to be tested, and not being recommended to get tested. Using multivariable logistic regression modeling, speaking only Spanish, being unemployed, and adhering to traditional notions of masculinity were associated with increased barriers to HIV testing. We recommend that interventions to increase HIV testing among Latinx GBMSM be in Spanish and use culturally congruent messaging, be accessible to those who are unemployed, and incorporate positive risk-reducing aspects of masculinity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lilli Mann-Jackson
- Wake Forest School of Medicine and Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Program in Community Engagement
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Mann-Jackson L, Song EY, Tanner AE, Alonzo J, Linton JM, Rhodes SD. The Health Impact of Experiences of Discrimination, Violence, and Immigration Enforcement Among Latino Men in a New Settlement State. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:1937-1947. [PMID: 29962271 PMCID: PMC6199437 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318785091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among Latinos in the United States, particularly in new settlement states, racial/ethnic discrimination, violence, and immigration enforcement contribute to health disparities. These types of experiences were explored among Latino men in North Carolina through quantitative assessment data ( n = 247). Qualitative in-depth interviews were also conducted with a subsample of Latino men who completed the assessment ( n = 20) to contextualize quantitative findings. Participants reported high rates of unfair treatment, discrimination or violence, and questioning about their immigration status. Having been questioned about one's immigration status was significantly associated with increased drug use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.07, 4.38]) and increased depressive symptoms (AOR = 2.87; 95% CI [1.07, 7.67]). Qualitative themes included: reports of frequent discrimination based on immigration status, race/ethnicity, and language; workplaces and police interactions as settings where reported discrimination is most common and challenging; frequent violent victimization; psychological consequences of experiences of discrimination and violence and concerns related to immigration enforcement for Latino men and their families; inter- and intra-community tensions; health-care services as safe spaces; use of coping strategies; and system-level approaches for reducing discrimination and violent victimization of Latinos. Findings point to the need to address underlying causes of discrimination and violence toward Latinos, particularly those related to immigration enforcement, to support health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Mann-Jackson
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Eunyoung Y. Song
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Amanda E. Tanner
- Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jorge Alonzo
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Julie M. Linton
- Department of Pediatrics and Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Scott D. Rhodes
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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24
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Selling the product: Strategies to increase recruitment and retention of Spanish-speaking Latinos in biomedical research. J Clin Transl Sci 2018; 2:147-155. [PMID: 30510779 PMCID: PMC6269095 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2018.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Latino population in the United States is rapidly growing and faces profound health disparities; however, engagement of Latinos in biomedical research remains low. Our community-based participatory research partnership has recruited 2083 Spanish-speaking Latinos into 21 studies over 15 years. We sought to identify and describe the strategies we have used to successfully recruit and retain Spanish-speaking Latinos in research. Methods We abstracted and analyzed data from archived study notes, progress reports, team meeting minutes, and in-depth interviews conducted annually from community-based participatory research partnership members. We used a nominal group process to refine and prioritize strategies. Results Overall, 13 recruitment strategies and 12 retention strategies emerged. These strategies relied on the creativity and perseverance of the study team and partners. Conclusions It is essential that we develop and disseminate effective recruitment and retention strategies that engage Latinos in biomedical research to reduce health disparities and promote health equity.
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Levison JH, Levinson JK, Alegría M. A Critical Review and Commentary on the Challenges in Engaging HIV-Infected Latinos in the Continuum of HIV Care. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:2500-2512. [PMID: 29948334 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy for treatment of HIV infection has become increasingly effective. Persistent poor HIV outcomes in racial and ethnic minority populations in the US call for a closer examination into why Latinos are at significant risk for acquiring and dying from HIV. To improve clinical outcomes and achieve an AIDS-free generation, HIV research must address disparities in HIV outcomes in Latinos, the largest ethnic/racial minority population in the US. Immigrant status as well as cultural factors influence HIV care utilization and are essential to highlight for effective intervention development in Latinos. A better understanding of these individual and contextual factors is critical to developing tailored approaches to engaging Latinos in HIV care. Based on a comprehensive literature review, we offer a framework for understanding what is needed from clinical practice and research to improve engagement in HIV care for US-based Latinos. These findings may have implications for other minority populations.
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Rhodes SD, Tanner AE, Mann-Jackson L, Alonzo J, Horridge DN, Van Dam CN, Trent S, Bell J, Simán FM, Vissman AT, Nall J, Andrade M. Community-Engaged Research as an Approach to Expedite Advances in HIV Prevention, Care, and Treatment: A Call to Action. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2018; 30:243-253. [PMID: 29969308 PMCID: PMC6055521 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2018.30.3.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the world, we continue to face profound challenges to reducing the impact of the HIV epidemic. Community-engaged research has emerged as an approach to increase our understanding of HIV and reduce health disparities, increase health equity, and promote community and population health. Our partnership has conducted more than 25 community-engaged research studies in the U.S. and Guatemala, and members have identified nine themes to facilitate community-engaged research and expedite advances in HIV prevention, care, and treatment. These themes include the inclusion of multisectoral partners, trust building and maintenance, the alignment of partner priorities, a can-do attitude, capacity and desire to move beyond service and conduct research, flexibility, power sharing, empowerment, an assets orientation, the shared and timely use of findings, and a stepwise approach. To reduce HIV disparities, community-engaged research is as critical now as ever, and we desperately need to reinvigorate our commitment to and support of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Rhodes
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science Institute Program in Community Engagement
| | | | - Lilli Mann-Jackson
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science Institute Program in Community Engagement
| | - Jorge Alonzo
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Cornelius N Van Dam
- Regional Center for Infectious Diseases, Cone Health, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | | | - Jonathan Bell
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Aaron T Vissman
- Center for Health and Human Services Research, Talbert House, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jennifer Nall
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Baquero B, Kava CM, Ashida S, Daniel-Ulloa J, Laroche HH, Haines H, Bucklin R, Maldonado A, Coronado Garcia M, Berto S, Sewell D, Novak N, Janz K, Gates C, Parker EA. Active Ottumwa: Adapting Evidence-Based Recommendations to Promote Physical Activity in a Micropolitan New Destination Community. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15050917. [PMID: 29734709 PMCID: PMC5981956 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Evidence-based interventions have been developed and tested to promote physical activity, but fewer studies have focused on identifying effective intervention strategies for mid-size rural communities, especially new immigrant destinations. We report here on the design and implementation of Active Ottumwa, a community-wide intervention using a lay health advisor approach to increase physical activity in a micropolitan new destination community in the rural state of Iowa. Methods: The Active Ottumwa study is part of a community-academic partnership in Ottumwa, IA. Evidence-based strategies recommended by the Community Guide for Preventive Services guided study implementation and included behavioral and social, campaign and informational, and environmental and policy approaches. Evaluation methods for this study are multi-faceted and include a cross-sectional community survey, longitudinal cohort assessment, observational data, key informant interviews, and project records. Results: We are currently in our second year of intervention implementation, with 45 lay health advisors (termed physical activity leaders here) trained to carry out behavioral and social intervention approaches, including walking groups, tai chi, and yoga. We have completed a communication and informational campaign utilizing five channels. Our longitudinal cohort has been recruited, with baseline and 12-month data collection completed. Conclusions: This study will assess the effectiveness and impact of a community-wide intervention to support physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Baquero
- University of Iowa Prevention Research Center, Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145 N. Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA 52240, USA.
| | - Christine M Kava
- University of Iowa Prevention Research Center, Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145 N. Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA 52240, USA.
| | - Sato Ashida
- University of Iowa Prevention Research Center, Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145 N. Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA 52240, USA.
| | - Jason Daniel-Ulloa
- University of Iowa Prevention Research Center, Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145 N. Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA 52240, USA.
| | - Helena H Laroche
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 451 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Heidi Haines
- University of Iowa Prevention Research Center, Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145 N. Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA 52240, USA.
| | - Rebecca Bucklin
- University of Iowa Prevention Research Center, Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145 N. Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA 52240, USA.
| | - Adriana Maldonado
- University of Iowa Prevention Research Center, Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145 N. Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA 52240, USA.
| | - Mayra Coronado Garcia
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145 N. Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA 52240, USA.
| | - Sandy Berto
- University of Iowa Prevention Research Center, Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145 N. Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA 52240, USA.
| | - Dan Sewell
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145 N. Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA 52240, USA.
| | - Nicole Novak
- University of Iowa Prevention Research Center, Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145 N. Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA 52240, USA.
| | - Kathleen Janz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, 240 Schaeffer Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Claudia Gates
- Community Advisory Board representative, Ottumwa Prevention Research Center office, 205 E. Main St., Ottumwa, IA 52556, USA.
| | - Edith A Parker
- University of Iowa Prevention Research Center, Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 145 N. Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA 52240, USA.
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Documet PI, Troyer MM, Macia L. Social Support, Health, and Health Care Access Among Latino Immigrant Men in an Emerging Community. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1090198118763870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To determine the association of social support with alcohol abuse, depression, and health care access among Latino immigrant men in an emerging Latino community (an area with a small yet growing Latino population). Methods. Cross-sectional baseline data of 140 men prior to a participatory male-to-male community health worker intervention among Latino immigrants were analyzed using logistic regression. Community health workers recruited community participants in Western Pennsylvania between 2011 and 2013. Results. Participants constituted a vulnerable group: 47% had not finished high school, 36% had moderate to severe depression, and 30% reported binge drinking in the past month. Health care access was low (insurance = 6%, usual source = 20%). In multivariable logistic regression high social support was associated with less binge drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.20, 0.98]) and lower depression (OR = 0.22; 95% CI [0.09-0.54]). Social support was associated with having a dentist visit but not with other health care access measures. Conclusions. Results indicate that the role of social support seems important for drinking and depression but remains controversial for health care access. It raises the hypothesis that low social support may be one of the mechanisms for the increase in drinking that happens after immigration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Macia
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Rhodes SD, Tanner AE, Mann-Jackson L, Alonzo J, Simán FM, Song EY, Bell J, Irby MB, Vissman AT, Aronson RE. Promoting Community and Population Health in Public Health and Medicine: A Stepwise Guide to Initiating and Conducting Community-engaged Research. JOURNAL OF HEALTH DISPARITIES RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2018; 11:16-31. [PMID: 31428533 PMCID: PMC6699784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Various methods, approaches, and strategies designed to understand and reduce health disparities, increase health equity, and promote community and population health have emerged within public health and medicine. One such approach is community-engaged research. While the literature describing the theory, principles, and rationale underlying community engagement is broad, few models or frameworks exist to guide its implementation. We abstracted, analyzed, and interpreted data from existing project documentation including proposal documents, project-specific logic models, research team and partnership meeting notes, and other materials from 24 funded community-engaged research projects conducted over the past 17 years. We developed a 15-step process designed to guide the community-engaged research process. The process includes steps such as: networking and partnership establishment and expansion; building and maintaining trust; identifying health priorities; conducting background research, prioritizing "what to take on"; building consensus, identifying research goals, and developing research questions; developing a conceptual model; formulating a study design; developing an analysis plan; implementing the study; collecting and analyzing data; reviewing and interpreting results; and disseminating and translating findings broadly through multiple channels. Here, we outline and describe each of these steps.
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30
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Barrington C, Gandhi A, Gill A, Villa Torres L, Brietzke MP, Hightow-Weidman L. Social networks, migration, and HIV testing among Latinos in a new immigrant destination: Insights from a qualitative study. Glob Public Health 2017; 13:1507-1519. [PMID: 29199546 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2017.1409783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Latinos in the U.S. are disproportionately affected by HIV and are more likely than non-Latinos to present with a late diagnosis, which delays engagement in HIV care and treatment. Social networks may provide normative influence and social support for HIV testing, but a contextualised understanding of networks is needed in order to maximise these social resources. We conducted qualitative interviews with foreign-born Latino men and transgender women (n = 17) in a new immigrant destination to explore their social networks. Most participants described having smaller social networks after migrating. Networks included both local and transnational ties, but most participants had few close ties. Contextual factors including stigma and geographic dispersion limited the re-construction of networks with close ties after migration. HIV testing was not a common topic of discussion with social network ties. Efforts to improve early uptake of HIV testing among Latino immigrants may benefit from engaging with social networks, but such efforts need to address how the context in which networks operate enables access to testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Barrington
- a Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,b Carolina Population Center , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Anisha Gandhi
- c New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene , Queens , NY , USA.,d Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Adrienne Gill
- a Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Laura Villa Torres
- a Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Maria Priscila Brietzke
- a Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Lisa Hightow-Weidman
- a Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,e School of Medicine, Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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Rhodes SD, Mann-Jackson L, Alonzo J, Simán FM, Vissman AT, Nall J, Abraham C, Aronson RE, Tanner AE. Engaged for Change: A Community-Engaged Process for Developing Interventions to Reduce Health Disparities. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2017; 29:491-502. [PMID: 29283276 PMCID: PMC5798238 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2017.29.6.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The science underlying the development of individual, community, system, and policy interventions designed to reduce health disparities has lagged behind other innovations. Few models, theoretical frameworks, or processes exist to guide intervention development. Our community-engaged research partnership has been developing, implementing, and evaluating efficacious interventions to reduce HIV disparities for over 15 years. Based on our intervention research experiences, we propose a novel 13-step process designed to demystify and guide intervention development. Our intervention development process includes steps such as establishing an intervention team to manage the details of intervention development; assessing community needs, priorities, and assets; generating intervention priorities; evaluating and incorporating theory; developing a conceptual or logic model; crafting activities; honing materials; administering a pilot, noting its process, and gathering feedback from all those involved; and editing the intervention based on what was learned. Here, we outline and describe each of these 13 steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D. Rhodes
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, and the CTSI Program in Community Engagement, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Lilli Mann-Jackson
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, and the CTSI Program in Community Engagement, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jorge Alonzo
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, and the CTSI Program in Community Engagement, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - Aaron T. Vissman
- Center for Health and Human Services Research, Talbert House, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jennifer Nall
- Forsyth County Department of Public Health, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | | | - Amanda E. Tanner
- Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC
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Pérez Jolles M, Martinez M, Garcia SJ, Stein GL, Thomas KC. Involving Latina/o parents in patient-centered outcomes research: Contributions to research study design, implementation and outcomes. Health Expect 2017; 20:992-1000. [PMID: 28177564 PMCID: PMC5600244 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is supported by policymakers as a way to provide service providers and patients with evidence-based information to make better health-care decisions and ultimately improve services for patients. However, Latina/o patients are rarely involved as study advisors, and there is a lack of documentation on how their voices contribute to the research process when they are included as collaborators. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article was to contribute to the literature by presenting concrete contributions of Latina/o parent involvement to study design, implementation and outcomes in the context of a CER study called Padres Efectivos (Parent Activation). METHODS Researchers facilitated a collaborative relationship with parents by establishing a mentor parent group. The contributions of parent involvement in the following stages of the research process are described: (i) proposal development, (ii) implementation of protocols, (iii) analysis plan and (iv) dissemination of results. RESULTS Mentor parents' contributions helped tailor the content of the intervention to their needs during proposal, increased recruitment, validated the main outcome measure and added two important outcome measures, emphasized the importance of controlling for novice treatment status and developed innovative dissemination strategies. CONCLUSIONS Mentor parents' guidance to the researchers has contributed to reaching recruitment goals, strengthened the study protocol, expanded findings, supported broad ownership of study implications and enriched the overall study data collection efforts. These findings can inform future research efforts seeking an active Latino parent collaboration and the timely incorporation of parent voices in each phase of the research process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Pérez Jolles
- Suzanne Dworak‐Peck School of Social WorkUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services ResearchUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Maria Martinez
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services ResearchUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - San Juanita Garcia
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services ResearchUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Gabriela L. Stein
- Psychology DepartmentUniversity of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNCUSA
| | - Mentor Parent Group Members
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services ResearchUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Kathleen C. Thomas
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services ResearchUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
- Health Policy and ManagementUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
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Aung E, Blondell SJ, Durham J. Interventions for Increasing HIV Testing Uptake in Migrants: A Systematic Review of Evidence. AIDS Behav 2017; 21:2844-2859. [PMID: 28710710 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Migrants have been identified as being at greater risk for late HIV testing and diagnosis. Late diagnosis is of concern because timely diagnosis and initiation of treatment can both optimise health outcomes and reduce transmission. We reviewed and evaluated interventions that aimed to increase HIV testing uptake in migrant populations. Of 6511 papers retrieved, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Three types of interventions were identified (exposure to HIV prevention messages, HIV education programs, and direct offer of testing). All interventions were based on individual models of behaviour change targeting migrants or GPs. While important, interventions that also address broader health system and structural factors that contribute to late HIV-diagnosis in at-risk members of migrant populations are needed. Integrating PITC into existing primary healthcare settings shows promise of creating an enabling environment within patient-doctor relationships that can encourage HIV testing uptake among migrant populations.
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Levison JH, Bogart LM, Khan IF, Mejia D, Amaro H, Alegría M, Safren S. "Where It Falls Apart": Barriers to Retention in HIV Care in Latino Immigrants and Migrants. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2017; 31:394-405. [PMID: 28891715 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2017.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Latino immigrants in the United States are disproportionately affected by HIV. Barriers to consistent attendance (retention) in HIV primary care constrain opportunities for HIV treatment success, but have not been specifically assessed in this population. We conducted semistructured interviews with 37 HIV-infected Latinos (aged ≥18 years and born in Puerto Rico or a Latin American Spanish-speaking country) and 14 HIV providers in metropolitan Boston (total n = 51). The Andersen Model of Healthcare Utilization informed a semistructured interview guide, which bilingual research staff used to explore barriers to HIV care. We used thematic analysis to explore the processes of retention in care. Six ubiquitous themes were perceived to influence HIV clinic attendance: (1) stigma as a barrier to HIV serostatus disclosure; (2) social support as a safety net during negative life circumstances; (3) unaddressed trauma and substance use leading to interruption in care; (4) a trusting relationship between patient and provider motivating HIV clinic attendance; (5) basic unmet needs competing with the perceived value of HIV care; and (6) religion providing a source of hope and optimism. Cultural subthemes were the centrality of family (familismo), masculinity (machismo), and trusting relationships (confianza). The timing of barriers was acute (e.g., eviction) and chronic (e.g., family conflict). These co-occurring and dynamic constellation of factors affected HIV primary care attendance over time. HIV-infected Latino immigrants and migrants experienced significant challenges that led to interruptions in HIV care. Anticipatory guidance to prepare for these setbacks may improve retention in HIV care in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie H. Levison
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Iman F. Khan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dianna Mejia
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hortensia Amaro
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work and Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Margarita Alegría
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven Safren
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Fisher EB, Boothroyd RI, Elstad EA, Hays L, Henes A, Maslow GR, Velicer C. Peer support of complex health behaviors in prevention and disease management with special reference to diabetes: systematic reviews. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 3:4. [PMID: 28702258 PMCID: PMC5471959 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-017-0042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine Peer Support (PS) for complex, sustained health behaviors in prevention or disease management with emphasis on diabetes prevention and management. DATA SOURCES AND ELIGIBILITY PS was defined as emotional, motivational and practical assistance provided by nonprofessionals for complex health behaviors. Initial review examined 65 studies drawn from 1442 abstracts identified through PubMed, published 1/1/2000-7/15/2011. From this search, 24 reviews were also identified. Extension of the search in diabetes identified 30 studies published 1/1/2000-12/31/2015. RESULTS In initial review, 54 of all 65 studies (83.1%) reported significant impacts of PS, 40 (61.5%) reporting between-group differences and another 14 (21.5%) reporting significant within-group changes. Across 19 of 24 reviews providing quantifiable findings, a median of 64.5% of studies reviewed reported significant effects of PS. In extended review of diabetes, 26 of all 30 studies (86.7%) reported significant impacts of PS, 17 (56.7%) reporting between-group differences and another nine (30.0%) reporting significant within-group changes. Among 19 of these 30 reporting HbA1c data, average reduction was 0.76 points. Studies that did not find effects of PS included other sources of support, implementation or methodological problems, lack of acceptance of interventions, poor fit to recipient needs, and possible harm of unmoderated PS. CONCLUSIONS Across diverse settings, including under-resourced countries and health care systems, PS is effective in improving complex health behaviors in disease prevention and management including in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin B. Fisher
- Peers for Progress, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Box 7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7440 USA
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Box 7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7440 USA
| | - Renée I. Boothroyd
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | | | - Laura Hays
- Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Amy Henes
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Gary R. Maslow
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Clayton Velicer
- National Public Relations and Communications, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA USA
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Schafer KR, Albrecht H, Dillingham R, Hogg RS, Jaworsky D, Kasper K, Loutfy M, MacKenzie LJ, McManus KA, Oursler KAK, Rhodes SD, Samji H, Skinner S, Sun CJ, Weissman S, Ohl ME. The Continuum of HIV Care in Rural Communities in the United States and Canada: What Is Known and Future Research Directions. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 75:35-44. [PMID: 28225437 PMCID: PMC6169533 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the HIV epidemic in the United States and Canada has changed with a shift toward rural areas. Socioeconomic factors, geography, cultural context, and evolving epidemics of injection drug use are coalescing to move the epidemic into locations where populations are dispersed and health care resources are limited. Rural-urban differences along the care continuum demonstrate the implications of this sociogeographic shift. Greater attention is needed to build a more comprehensive understanding of the rural HIV epidemic in the United States and Canada, including research efforts, innovative approaches to care delivery, and greater community engagement in prevention and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Schafer
- *Section on Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC; †Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of South Carolina School of Medicine; ‡Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; §Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; ‖BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada; ¶Clinician Investigator Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; #Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; **Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ††CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada; ‡‡Clinician Investigator Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; §§Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; ‖‖Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Salem, VA; ¶¶Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; ##British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada; ***University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; and †††Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR
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Rhodes SD, Alonzo J, Mann L, Song EY, Tanner AE, Arellano JE, Rodriguez-Celedon R, Garcia M, Freeman A, Reboussin BA, Painter TM. Small-Group Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase Condom Use and HIV Testing Among Hispanic/Latino Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men. Am J Public Health 2017; 107:969-976. [PMID: 28426301 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2017.303814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the HOLA en Grupos intervention, a Spanish-language small-group behavioral HIV prevention intervention designed to increase condom use and HIV testing among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. METHODS In 2012 to 2015, we recruited and randomized 304 Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men, aged 18 to 55 years in North Carolina, to the 4-session HOLA en Grupos intervention or an attention-equivalent general health education comparison intervention. Participants completed structured assessments at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Follow-up retention was 100%. RESULTS At follow-up, relative to comparison participants, HOLA en Grupos participants reported increased consistent condom use during the past 3 months (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2, 7.9; P < .001) and HIV testing during the past 6 months (AOR = 13.8; 95% CI = 7.6, 25.3; P < .001). HOLA en Grupos participants also reported increased knowledge of HIV (P < .001) and sexually transmitted infections (P < .001); condom use skills (P < .001), self-efficacy (P < .001), expectancies (P < .001), and intentions (P < .001); sexual communication skills (P < .01); and decreased fatalism (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The HOLA en Grupos intervention is efficacious for reducing HIV risk behaviors among Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Rhodes
- Scott D. Rhodes, Jorge Alonzo, Lilli Mann, Eunyoung Y. Song, and Beth A. Reboussin are with Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Amanda E. Tanner is with the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. At the initiation of this study, Jorge Elias Arellano, Manuel Garcia, and Rodrigo Rodriguez-Celedon were with the Chatham Social Health Council, Siler City, NC. Arin Freeman and Thomas M. Painter are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jorge Alonzo
- Scott D. Rhodes, Jorge Alonzo, Lilli Mann, Eunyoung Y. Song, and Beth A. Reboussin are with Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Amanda E. Tanner is with the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. At the initiation of this study, Jorge Elias Arellano, Manuel Garcia, and Rodrigo Rodriguez-Celedon were with the Chatham Social Health Council, Siler City, NC. Arin Freeman and Thomas M. Painter are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lilli Mann
- Scott D. Rhodes, Jorge Alonzo, Lilli Mann, Eunyoung Y. Song, and Beth A. Reboussin are with Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Amanda E. Tanner is with the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. At the initiation of this study, Jorge Elias Arellano, Manuel Garcia, and Rodrigo Rodriguez-Celedon were with the Chatham Social Health Council, Siler City, NC. Arin Freeman and Thomas M. Painter are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Eunyoung Y Song
- Scott D. Rhodes, Jorge Alonzo, Lilli Mann, Eunyoung Y. Song, and Beth A. Reboussin are with Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Amanda E. Tanner is with the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. At the initiation of this study, Jorge Elias Arellano, Manuel Garcia, and Rodrigo Rodriguez-Celedon were with the Chatham Social Health Council, Siler City, NC. Arin Freeman and Thomas M. Painter are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Amanda E Tanner
- Scott D. Rhodes, Jorge Alonzo, Lilli Mann, Eunyoung Y. Song, and Beth A. Reboussin are with Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Amanda E. Tanner is with the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. At the initiation of this study, Jorge Elias Arellano, Manuel Garcia, and Rodrigo Rodriguez-Celedon were with the Chatham Social Health Council, Siler City, NC. Arin Freeman and Thomas M. Painter are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jorge Elias Arellano
- Scott D. Rhodes, Jorge Alonzo, Lilli Mann, Eunyoung Y. Song, and Beth A. Reboussin are with Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Amanda E. Tanner is with the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. At the initiation of this study, Jorge Elias Arellano, Manuel Garcia, and Rodrigo Rodriguez-Celedon were with the Chatham Social Health Council, Siler City, NC. Arin Freeman and Thomas M. Painter are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rodrigo Rodriguez-Celedon
- Scott D. Rhodes, Jorge Alonzo, Lilli Mann, Eunyoung Y. Song, and Beth A. Reboussin are with Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Amanda E. Tanner is with the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. At the initiation of this study, Jorge Elias Arellano, Manuel Garcia, and Rodrigo Rodriguez-Celedon were with the Chatham Social Health Council, Siler City, NC. Arin Freeman and Thomas M. Painter are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Manuel Garcia
- Scott D. Rhodes, Jorge Alonzo, Lilli Mann, Eunyoung Y. Song, and Beth A. Reboussin are with Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Amanda E. Tanner is with the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. At the initiation of this study, Jorge Elias Arellano, Manuel Garcia, and Rodrigo Rodriguez-Celedon were with the Chatham Social Health Council, Siler City, NC. Arin Freeman and Thomas M. Painter are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Arin Freeman
- Scott D. Rhodes, Jorge Alonzo, Lilli Mann, Eunyoung Y. Song, and Beth A. Reboussin are with Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Amanda E. Tanner is with the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. At the initiation of this study, Jorge Elias Arellano, Manuel Garcia, and Rodrigo Rodriguez-Celedon were with the Chatham Social Health Council, Siler City, NC. Arin Freeman and Thomas M. Painter are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Beth A Reboussin
- Scott D. Rhodes, Jorge Alonzo, Lilli Mann, Eunyoung Y. Song, and Beth A. Reboussin are with Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Amanda E. Tanner is with the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. At the initiation of this study, Jorge Elias Arellano, Manuel Garcia, and Rodrigo Rodriguez-Celedon were with the Chatham Social Health Council, Siler City, NC. Arin Freeman and Thomas M. Painter are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Thomas M Painter
- Scott D. Rhodes, Jorge Alonzo, Lilli Mann, Eunyoung Y. Song, and Beth A. Reboussin are with Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Amanda E. Tanner is with the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. At the initiation of this study, Jorge Elias Arellano, Manuel Garcia, and Rodrigo Rodriguez-Celedon were with the Chatham Social Health Council, Siler City, NC. Arin Freeman and Thomas M. Painter are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Massengale KE, Morrison SD, Sudha S. Community Health Advocate-Identified Enablers of HIV Testing for Latina Immigrant Women. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2016; 28:325-340. [PMID: 27427927 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2016.28.4.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to identify enablers or facilitators of HIV testing among Latina immigrant women through qualitative interviews with five community health advocates (CHAs). CHAs act as cultural bridges between Latinos and service providers. We employed a single case-study design using the PEN-3 model as a conceptual framework for situating HIV testing behaviors within cultural and structural contexts of Latina immigrant women's lives. A cross-case analysis of themes revealed that intrinsic enablers of HIV testing included individual trust, confidentiality, intergenerational family participation, and peers. The extrinsic enablers were local community outreach, bicultural/bilingual testing staff, service location and mass media outlets. These results have implications for the cultural competency of health and social service providers, instituting and revising HIV testing outreach interventions, and the earlier identification of women who may have been infected. They offer important insights for promoting other health behaviors among the Latino communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Sudha
- University of North Carolina Greensboro
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39
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Tanner AE, Mann L, Song E, Alonzo J, Schafer K, Arellano E, Garcia JM, Rhodes SD. weCARE: A Social Media-Based Intervention Designed to Increase HIV Care Linkage, Retention, and Health Outcomes for Racially and Ethnically Diverse Young MSM. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2016; 28:216-30. [PMID: 27244190 PMCID: PMC5010783 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2016.28.3.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Estimates suggest that only about 30% of all individuals living with HIV in the U.S. have achieved viral suppression. Men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly racial/ethnic minority young MSM, are at increased risk for HIV infection and may have even lower viral suppression rates. HIV testing rates among MSM are low, and when tested, racial/ethnic minority young MSM have disproportionately lower rates of retention in care and viral suppression compared to other subgroups. This article describes the design and development of weCare, our social media-based intervention to improve care linkage and retention and health outcomes among racially and ethnically diverse MSM, ages 13-34, living with HIV that will be implemented and evaluated beginning in late 2016. The intervention harnesses established social media that MSM between these ages commonly use, including Facebook, text messaging, and established GPS-based mobile applications (apps). We are using community-based participatory research (CBPR) to enhance the quality and validity of weCare, equitably involving community members, organization representatives, healthcare providers, clinic staff, and academic researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Tanner
- Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro
| | - Lilli Mann
- Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Eunyoung Song
- Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy and Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Jorge Alonzo
- Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Katherine Schafer
- Section on Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University Health Sciences
| | - Elías Arellano
- Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Jesus M. Garcia
- Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Scott D. Rhodes
- Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine
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Macia L, Ruiz HC, Boyzo R, Documet PI. Promotores' perspectives on a male-to-male peer network. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2016; 31:314-327. [PMID: 27102810 PMCID: PMC4872593 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyw016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Little documentation exists about male community health workers (promotores) networks. The experiences of promotores can provide input on how to attract, train, supervise and maintain male promotores in CHW programs. We present the experience and perspectives of promotores who participated in a male promotores network assisting Latino immigrant men in an emerging Latino community. All promotores in this community-based participatory study received payment for work 10 hours a week. We conducted qualitative interviews with all promotores starting the program, after 5 and 13 months. Three main themes emerged: 1) Men decided to become promotores to help others, yet appreciated being paid. 2) Promotores' learning experience was ongoing and was facilitated by a cooperative dynamic among them. Learning how to listen was crucial for promotores 3) Promotores experienced difficulty separating their personal lives form their role as a promotor We conclude that paying promotores facilitates the fulfillment of their drive to serve the community. Enhancing listening abilities needs to be part of promotores' training curricula. Finally, it is advisable to build a project with many opportunities for promotores and project staff to share professional and non-professional time and discuss their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Macia
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15261 PA, USA
| | - Hector Camilo Ruiz
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15261 PA, USA Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15261 PA, USA
| | - Roberto Boyzo
- Latino Engagement Group for Salud (LEGS), Pittsburgh, 15261 PA, USA
| | - Patricia Isabel Documet
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15261 PA, USA
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Alonzo J, Mann L, Tanner AE, Sun CJ, Painter TM, Freeman A, Reboussin BA, Song E, Rhodes SD. Reducing HIV risk among Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men: Qualitative analysis of behavior change intentions by participants in a small-group intervention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 7. [PMID: 27468361 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The southeastern United States has the fastest-growing Hispanic/Latino population in the country and carries a disproportionate HIV burden. Among Hispanics/Latinos, men, and men who have sex with men (MSM) in particular, are at elevated risk of HIV infection; however, very few efficacious behavioral HIV prevention interventions are available for use with this vulnerable population. To address this shortage of prevention resources, our community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnership developed and is currently evaluating the efficacy of the HOLA en Grupos intervention to increase condom use and HIV testing among Hispanic/Latino MSM. METHODS We recruited 304 Hispanic/Latino MSM who were randomized to receive the small group HOLA en Grupos intervention that was implemented during four 4-hour long sessions over four consecutive Sundays, or a 4-session small group general health education comparison intervention. At the end of the fourth session of the HOLA en Grupos intervention, the intervention facilitators asked participants to write down the sexual health-related behaviors they intended to change as a result of their participation. RESULTS Qualitative analysis of the participants' responses identified six types of intended behavior changes: increasing and maintaining condom use; identifying strategies to support correct and consistent condom use; increasing communication and negotiation with sexual partners about condom use; getting tested for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections; applying other sexual health promotion strategies; and sharing newly learned sexual health information with their peers. CONCLUSION Most risk-reduction intentions aligned with the intervention's key messages of using condoms consistently and getting tested for HIV. However, participants' stated intentions may have also depended on which behavior changes they perceived as most salient after participating in the intervention. Participants' intentions to share information with their peers may result in elements of the intervention content reaching others within their social networks, and potentially contributing to a broader community-level impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alonzo
- Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; ; Tel: 336-713-5048
| | - Lilli Mann
- Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; ; Tel: 336-716-7441
| | - Amanda E Tanner
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Public Health Education, Greensboro, NC, USA; ; Tel: 336-334-5389
| | - Christina J Sun
- Portland State University, School of Community Health, OR, USA; ; Tel: 503-725-3616
| | - Thomas M Painter
- Prevention Research Branch Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA; ; Tel: 404-639-6113
| | - Arin Freeman
- Prevention Research Branch Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA; ; Tel: 404-639-8432
| | - Beth A Reboussin
- Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; ; Tel: 336-713-5213
| | - Eunyoung Song
- Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; ; Tel: 336-716-9280
| | - Scott D Rhodes
- Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Winston-Salem, NC, USA 27157; ; Tel: 336-713-5080
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Coughlin SS. Community-Based Participatory Research Studies on HIV/AIDS Prevention, 2005-2014. JACOBS JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE 2016; 2:019. [PMID: 28066841 PMCID: PMC5215619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent literature on community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches to preventing HIV infection in diverse communities was systematically reviewed as part of the planning process for a new study. Published HIV prevention studies that employed CBPR methods were identified for the period January 1, 2005 to April 30, 2014 using PubMed databases and MeSH term and keyword searches. A total of 44 studies on CBPR and HIV or AIDS prevention were identified, of which 3 focused on adolescents, 33 on adults, and 8 on both adolescents and adults. A variety of at-risk populations were the focus of the studies including men who have sex with men, African American or Hispanic men, and African American or Hispanic women. Few studies focused on Asian/Pacific Islander or American Indian populations in the U.S. Six studies employed CBPR methods to address HIV prevention in church settings. Many of the studies were limited to formative research (ethnographic research, in-depth interviews of key informants, or focus groups). Other studies had a pre-/post-test design, quasi-experimental, or randomized design. Additional CBPR studies and faith-based interventions are needed with adequate sample sizes and rigorous study designs to address lack of knowledge of HIV and inadequate screening in diverse communities to address health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Coughlin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, TN
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Rhodes SD, Leichliter JS, Sun CJ, Bloom FR. The HoMBReS and HoMBReS Por un Cambio Interventions to Reduce HIV Disparities Among Immigrant Hispanic/Latino Men. MMWR Suppl 2016; 65:51-6. [PMID: 26916740 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.su6501a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hispanics/Latinos in the United States are affected disproportionately by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); however, few effective evidence-based prevention interventions for this population exist. This report describes the Hombres Manteniendo Bienestar y Relaciones Saludables (Men Maintaining Wellbeing and Healthy Relationships) (HoMBReS) intervention, which was developed by a community-based, participatory research partnership in North Carolina and initially implemented during 2005-2009. HoMBReS is an example of an effective intervention that uses lay health advisors (known as Navegantes [navigators]) in the context of existing social networks (i.e., recreational soccer teams) to promote consistent condom use and HIV and STD testing among Hispanic/Latino men. In 2012, HoMBReS was classified as a best-evidence community-level HIV prevention intervention (CDC. Compendium of evidence-based behavioral interventions and best practices for HIV prevention. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2015). The intervention has been implemented elsewhere, enhanced, and further evaluated in longitudinal intervention and implementation studies. HoMBReS has been adapted for other populations, including men who have sex with men and transgender persons. Additional evaluation has found that Navegantes continue in their roles as health advisors, opinion leaders, and community advocates after study support ends. Hispanic/Latino men's social networks can be leveraged to promote sexual health within the community by decreasing HIV risk behaviors among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Rhodes
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Alonzo J, Mann L, Simán F, Sun CJ, Andrade M, Villatoro G, Rhodes SD. [Perspectives to improve the sexual health of sexual and gender identity minorities in Guatemala]. EHQUIDAD 2016; 5:51-70. [PMID: 27494000 PMCID: PMC4970757 DOI: 10.15257/ehquidad.2016.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender identity minorities in Guatemala are disproportionally affected by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI). However, little is known about the health determinants among these minorities that contribute to infection risk. Health researchers from the United States and Guatemala sought to explore sexual health needs and identify characteristics of HIV/STI prevention programs for these minorities.Our partnership conducted 8 focus groups with gay and bisexual men, men who have sex with men, and transgender women; and 10 in-depth interviews with community leaders. We analyzed transcripts of the focus groups and in-depth interviews using constant comparison.We identified 24 factors that influence sexual health which we organized into 5 ecological domains and 16 characteristics of potentially successful programs to reduce HIV/STI risk.The identification of sexual risk factors and characteristics of potentially successful programs offers great potential to develop interventions to help reduce the risk of HIV/STI infection among these minorities in Guatemala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alonzo
- Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC USA 27157
| | - Lilli Mann
- Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC USA 27157
| | - Florence Simán
- El Pueblo, Inc., 2321 Crabtree Blvd., Suite 105, Raleigh NC USA 27604
| | - Christina J. Sun
- Portland State University, 1825 SW Broadway, Portland, OR USA 9720
| | - Mario Andrade
- APAES-Solidaridad, 2Ave. 11-40, zona 1, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Guillermo Villatoro
- Hospital Roosevelt, Unidad de Epidemiologia, Calzada Roosevelt, Zona 11, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Scott D. Rhodes
- Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC USA 27157
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Pérez-Arellano JL, Carranza-Rodriguez C. [Population screening strategies in recent immigrant to Spain]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2015; 34:45-52. [PMID: 26655674 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The definition of terms that delimites the content of this paper are initially displayed. Subsequently, the main sources of information about the disease screening in immigrants and the entities considered susceptible of screening are showed. In a later section we review the diagnostic methodology used, separately considering the history, physical examination, the usual complementary tests and specific studies of both infectious and noninfectious diseases. Finally, with the limitations of the data available a proposal of a protocol for screening of diseases in recent immigrant is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis Pérez-Arellano
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Medicina Tropical, Hospital Universitario Insular de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España.
| | - Cristina Carranza-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Medicina Tropical, Hospital Universitario Insular de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
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Rios-Ellis B, Becker D, Espinoza L, Nguyen-Rodriguez S, Diaz G, Carricchi A, Galvez G, Garcia M. Evaluation of a Community Health Worker Intervention to Reduce HIV/AIDS Stigma and Increase HIV Testing Among Underserved Latinos in the Southwestern U.S. Public Health Rep 2015; 130:458-67. [PMID: 26327724 DOI: 10.1177/003335491513000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Latinos are at an elevated risk for HIV infection. Continued HIV/AIDS stigma presents barriers to HIV testing and affects the quality of life of HIV-positive individuals, yet few interventions addressing HIV/AIDS stigma have been developed for Latinos. METHODS An intervention led by community health workers (promotores de salud, or promotores) targeting underserved Latinos in three southwestern U.S. communities was developed to decrease HIV/AIDS stigma and increase HIV knowledge and perception of risk. The intervention was led by HIV-positive and HIV-affected (i.e., those who have, or have had, a close family member or friend with HIV/AIDS) promotores, who delivered interactive group-based educational sessions to groups of Latinos in Spanish and English. To decrease stigma and motivate behavioral and attitudinal change, the educational sessions emphasized positive Latino cultural values and community assets. The participant pool comprised 579 Latino adults recruited in El Paso, Texas (n=204); San Ysidro, California (n=175); and Los Angeles, California (n=200). RESULTS From pretest to posttest, HIV/AIDS stigma scores decreased significantly (p<0.001). Significant increases were observed in HIV/AIDS knowledge (p<0.001), willingness to discuss HIV/AIDS with one's sexual partner (p<0.001), and HIV risk perception (p=0.006). Willingness to test for HIV in the three months following the intervention did not increase. Women demonstrated a greater reduction in HIV/AIDS stigma scores when compared with their male counterparts, which may have been related to a greater increase in HIV/AIDS knowledge scores (p=0.016 and p=0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION Promotores interventions to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma and increase HIV-related knowledge, perception of risk, and willingness to discuss sexual risk with partners show promise in reaching underserved Latino communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Rios-Ellis
- California State University, Monterey Bay, College of Health Sciences and Human Services, Seaside, CA ; National Council of La Raza/California State University, Long Beach Center for Latino Community Health, Evaluation and Leadership Training, Long Beach, CA
| | | | - Lilia Espinoza
- California State University, Fullerton Department of Health Science, Fullerton, CA
| | | | - Gaby Diaz
- National Council of La Raza/California State University, Long Beach Center for Latino Community Health, Evaluation and Leadership Training, Long Beach, CA
| | - Ana Carricchi
- National Council of La Raza/California State University, Long Beach Center for Latino Community Health, Evaluation and Leadership Training, Long Beach, CA
| | - Gino Galvez
- National Council of La Raza/California State University, Long Beach Center for Latino Community Health, Evaluation and Leadership Training, Long Beach, CA
| | - Melawhy Garcia
- National Council of La Raza/California State University, Long Beach Center for Latino Community Health, Evaluation and Leadership Training, Long Beach, CA
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Rhodes SD, Alonzo J, Mann L, Downs M, Andrade M, Wilks C, Simán FM, Martinez O, Abraham C, Villatoro GR, Bachmann LH. The ecology of sexual health of sexual minorities in Guatemala City. Health Promot Int 2015; 30:832-42. [PMID: 24688113 PMCID: PMC4668750 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dau013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guatemalan gay and bisexual men, men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender persons carry disproportionate burden of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections compared with other Guatemalan subgroups. However, little is known about the determinants of sexual health to inform health promotion and disease prevention interventions among these sexual minorities. We sought to explore sexual health and HIV risk among Guatemalan sexual minorities, using a community-based participatory research approach. We conducted 8 focus groups (n = 87 participants total) and 10 individual in-depth interviews with gay and bisexual men, MSM, and transgender persons. Using constant comparison, an approach to grounded theory, we analyzed verbatim transcripts and identified 24 themes that we organized into five ecological factors influencing sexual health: intrapersonal (e.g. misconceptions about HIV transmission, low perceived susceptibility and lack of condoms use skills); interpersonal (e.g. family rejection and condom use as a barrier to intimacy); community (e.g. discrimination and stigma); institutional (e.g. limited access to health promotion resources); and public policy (e.g. perceived lack of provider confidentiality and anti-gay rhetoric). There is profound need for multiple-level interventions to ensure that Guatemalan sexual minorities have the knowledge and skills needed to reduce sexual risk. Interventions are warranted to increase social support among sexual minorities, reduce negative perspectives about sexual minorities, develop institutional resources to meet the needs of sexual minorities and reduce harmful anti-gay rhetoric. Understanding and intervening on the identified factors is especially important given that the health of Guatemalan sexual minorities has been to-date neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Rhodes
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA Section on Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jorge Alonzo
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lilli Mann
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mario Downs
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Florence M Simán
- Health Programs/Programas de Salud, El Pueblo, Inc, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Omar Martinez
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire Abraham
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Laura H Bachmann
- Section on Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Martinez-Donate AP, Rangel MG, Zhang X, Simon NJ, Rhoads N, Gonzalez-Fagoaga JE, Gonzalez AA. HIV Prevention Among Mexican Migrants at Different Migration Phases: Exposure to Prevention Messages and Association With Testing Behaviors. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2015; 27:547-65. [PMID: 26595267 PMCID: PMC4751078 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2015.27.6.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mobile populations are at increased risk for HIV infection. Exposure to HIV prevention messages at all phases of the migration process may help decrease im/migrants' HIV risk. We investigated levels of exposure to HIV prevention messages, factors associated with message exposure, and the association between exposure to prevention messages and HIV testing behavior among Mexican im/migrants at different phases of the migration process. We conducted a cross-sectional, probability survey of Mexican im/migrants (N = 3,149) traveling through the border city of Tijuana, Mexico. The results indicate limited exposure to prevention messages (57-75%) and suboptimal last 12-month HIV testing rates (14-25%) across five migration phases. Compared to pre-departure levels (75%), exposure to messages decreases at all post-departure migration phases (57-63%, p < .001). In general, exposure to prevention messages is positively associated with greater odds of HIV testing at the pre-departure, destination, and interception phases. Binational efforts need to be intensified to reach and deliver HIV prevention to Mexican im/migrants across the migration continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Martinez-Donate
- Department of Community Health & Prevention, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M. Gudelia Rangel
- U.S.-Mexico Border Health Commission, Mexico Section, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Community Health & Prevention, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Norma-Jean Simon
- Department of Community Health & Prevention, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie Rhoads
- Department of Community Health & Prevention, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Asadi Gonzalez
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Autonomous University of Baja California (Universidad Autonoma de Baja California), Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
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Documet PI, Macia L, Thompson A, Gonzalez M, Boyzo R, Fox AR, Guadamuz TE. A Male Promotores Network for Latinos: Process Evaluation From a Community-Based Participatory Project. Health Promot Pract 2015; 17:332-42. [PMID: 26463171 DOI: 10.1177/1524839915609059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Lay health advisor (LHA) interventions with Latino men are rare, especially in emerging Latino communities. We present a process evaluation of a male LHA network aiming at connecting Latino men to various kinds of services and to the Latino community. It assesses the feasibility of (1) maintaining a steering coalition; (2) hiring, training, and retaining male LHA; and (3) recruiting and assisting underserved participants. Methods Project management data and LHA debriefings were analyzed qualitatively and compared to a logic model and evaluation table prepared before the project started. Results The community coalition steered the project during its implementation. Eleven men attended the initial LHA training. Two thirds of them reflected the community in educational level. One third did not and required extra mentoring from the other LHA to recruit participants. LHA requested topics for monthly trainings according to their needs in the field, including housing, sexual health, and immigration. LHA enrolled 182 participants. Participants' needs went beyond health issues. Therefore, LHA needed to forge new collaborations with local social service organizations. Conclusions Recruiting male LHA is feasible. LHA and the community coalition can suggest adaptations to fit the local context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Macia
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Miguel Gonzalez
- Latino Engagement Group for Salud (LEGS), Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roberto Boyzo
- Latino Engagement Group for Salud (LEGS), Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrea R Fox
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Squirrel Hill Health Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Sun CJ, Mann L, Eng E, Downs M, Rhodes SD. Once a Navegante, Always a Navegante: Latino Men Sustain Their Roles as Lay Health Advisors to Promote General and Sexual Health to Their Social Network. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2015; 27:465-73. [PMID: 26485235 PMCID: PMC6686176 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2015.27.5.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the sustainability of male- and men's health-focused lay health advisors. HoMBReS Por un Cambio was a community-level social network intervention designed to improve sexual health among Latino men who were members of soccer teams. During the year after the intervention implementation, lay health advisors (Navegantes) continued to promote sexual health; over 84% (16 of the 19) Navegantes conducted 9 of 10 primary health promotion activities. Describing where to get condoms was the activity that the most Navegantes reported having conducted. Navegantes had broad reach with their social networks, although the number of Navegantes that conducted each activity differed across the categories of social network members (soccer teammates, nonteammates, and women). Results suggest that HIV-related health disparities may be addressed through lay health advisor interventions because they are sustained after the intervention ends and reach large numbers of community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Sun
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and now with the School of Community Health, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lilli Mann
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Eugenia Eng
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Mario Downs
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Scott D Rhodes
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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