1
|
DeShong HL, Mason CK, Porter B, Kelley K, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Lynam DR, Miller JD, Widiger T. Development and Validation of the Five-Factor Borderline Inventory-Super Short Form and Screener. Assessment 2024:10731911241256439. [PMID: 38841873 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241256439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The Five-Factor Borderline Inventory (FFBI) and FFBI-Short Form (FFBI-SF) are 120-item and 48-item measures that assess the underlying maladaptive personality traits of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The purpose of this study was to develop a super short form (FFBI-SSF) and an FFBI-Screener to facilitate the use of dimensional trait measures for BPD. Using item response theory analyses, the 48-item measure was reduced to 22 items using a large undergraduate sample (N = 1300) and then retested using a Mechanical Turk sample (N = 602), demonstrating strong replicability. IRT was again used to further reduce the measure from 22 items to four items to provide a brief screening tool. Correlations of the FFBI-SSF and Screener with measures of BPD-related variables were compared across five samples (N = 919, 204, 580, 281, and 488). Overall, the FFBI-SSF showed similar relations to the FFBI-SF at the full scale and domain-level scales, while the FFBI-screener demonstrated similar relations at the full scale level. This super short form and screener may best be used in large-scale research studies or as part of a screening tool in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ben Porter
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Kren Kelley
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hopwood CJ. Personality Functioning, Problems in Living, and Personality Traits. J Pers Assess 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38700238 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2345880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The publication of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) was a signpost achievement in the personality assessment. However, research on the AMPD has generally not led to either a deeper understanding of personality disorder or personality assessment or new ideas about how to provide better care for people with personality disorder diagnoses. A significant portion of research has focused on narrow issues and appears to be driven in part by ideological differences between scholars who prefer Criterion A (personality functioning) or Criterion B (maladaptive traits). I trace these issues to ambiguity about the concept of personality functioning as defined in the AMPD and its conceptual distinction from personality traits and problems in living. In this paper, I reground these concepts in coherent and distinct definitions, elaborate upon the implications of their differences, and show how these differences can help clarify and reorient AMPD research to focus on generating clinically useful models for personality pathology and personality assessment.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim YR, Lee YH. The Dimensional Conceptualization of Personality Disorders: Personality Organization, Personality Functioning, and Personality Disorders. J Pers Disord 2024; 38:105-125. [PMID: 38592910 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2024.38.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, significant criticism of the categorical classification system for personality disorders has highlighted the need to transition to a dimensional classification system. This study reviewed key issues involved in the potential conversion of the diagnostic system of personality disorders from a categorical to a dimensional model. The result suggests that Kernberg's concept of personality organization can be used to indicate the overall severity of personality pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Ran Kim
- From Institute of Psychoanalytic Training and Research, New York, New York
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Angelo NL, Brullo G, Marsiglia A, Tirelli A, Piroddi E, Viti C, Aicardi I, Pozza A. Romantic relationship obsessive-compulsive doubts, perfectionism, and DSM-5 personality traits in LGB people: a comparison with heterosexual individuals. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1187179. [PMID: 38449756 PMCID: PMC10916694 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1187179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is characterized by the presence of relationship-centered or partner-focused obsessions and compulsions that determine a great sense of doubt toward the partner or the relationship. Personality characteristics, including perfectionism, are involved in the development of Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and could predispose the individual to excessive doubts and preoccupations regarding the "adequacy of the couple" or the physical appearance of one's partner. Evidence from epidemiological research shows that the LGB community can present a high risk and prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and recent research demonstrated the usefulness of the DSM-5 personality model in understanding the personality of sexual minorities. However, further research is necessary to deepen our knowledge of the relationship between these variables in the LGB community. The aim of the present study was to compare a group of heterosexual individuals to a group of LGB individuals regarding personality traits, perfectionism, and relationship obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Methods A total of 200 participants, 98 in the heterosexual group and 102 in the LGB group, were enrolled in the study and completed a psychological battery comprised of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, Personality Inventory for DSM-5, Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, Partner-Related Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Inventory, and Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Results The results show that LGB individuals tend to report greater feelings of doubt regarding the partner's love, more negative emotions (Negative Affect) and Antagonism, and greater perfectionism traits compared to heterosexual individuals. Conclusion These findings underline the necessity to consider the implementation of personalized interventions in clinical practice and the importance of initiating early preventive programs in sexual minority communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Loren Angelo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Greta Brullo
- Miller Institute of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Piroddi
- Miller Institute of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Viti
- Miller Institute of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Pozza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Psychology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese AOUS, Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ringwald WR, Emery L, Khoo S, Clark LA, Kotelnikova Y, Scalco MD, Watson D, Wright AG, Simms LJ. Structure of Pathological Personality Traits Through the Lens of the CAT-PD Model. Assessment 2023; 30:2276-2295. [PMID: 36633104 PMCID: PMC10413206 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221143343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Personality pathology is increasingly conceptualized within hierarchical, dimensional trait models. The Comprehensive Assessment of Traits Relevant to Personality Disorders (CAT-PD) is a pathological-trait measure with potential to improve on currently prevailing instruments because it has wider content coverage; however, its domain-level structure, which is of scientific and clinical interest, is not established. In this study, we investigated the structure and construct validity of the CAT-PD's domain level to facilitate wider use of the measure. We estimated five- and six-factor models with exploratory factor analysis in a pooled sample of eight independent subsamples (N = 3,987) and found that both models fit the data well; each had interpretable factors that were invariant across gender, sample type, and Black/White racial groups; and the factors had good convergent validity with other measures of maladaptive traits, Big Five personality, and interpersonal problems. Our results support the validity of the CAT-PD for assessing multiple levels of the pathological trait hierarchy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leah Emery
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo
| | - Shereen Khoo
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame
| | | | | | | | - David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Monaghan C, Bizumic B. Dimensional models of personality disorders: Challenges and opportunities. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1098452. [PMID: 36960458 PMCID: PMC10028270 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Categorical models of personality disorders have been beneficial throughout psychiatric history, providing a mechanism for organizing and communicating research and treatment. However, the view that individuals with personality disorders are qualitatively distinct from the general population is no longer tenable. This perspective has amassed steady criticism, ranging from inconsequential to irreconcilable. In response, stronger evidence has been accumulated in support of a dimensional perspective that unifies normal and pathological personality on underlying trait continua. Contemporary nosology has largely shifted toward this dimensional perspective, yet broader adoption within public lexicon and routine clinical practice appears slow. This review focuses on challenges and the related opportunities of moving toward dimensional models in personality disorder research and practice. First, we highlight the need for ongoing development of a broader array of measurement methods, ideally facilitating multimethod assessments that reduce biases associated with any single methodology. These efforts should also include measurement across both poles of each trait, intensive longitudinal studies, and more deeply considering social desirability. Second, wider communication and training in dimensional approaches is needed for individuals working in mental health. This will require clear demonstrations of incremental treatment efficacy and structured public health rebates. Third, we should embrace cultural and geographic diversity, and investigate how unifying humanity may reduce the stigma and shame currently generated by arbitrarily labeling an individual's personality as normal or abnormal. This review aims to organize ongoing research efforts toward broader and routine usage of dimensional perspectives within research and clinical spaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conal Monaghan
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Antoine SM, Fredborg BK, Streiner D, Guimond T, Dixon-Gordon KL, Chapman AL, Kuo J, Links P, McMain S. Subgroups of borderline personality disorder: A latent class analysis. Psychiatry Res 2023; 323:115131. [PMID: 36905903 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability in interpersonal, affective, cognitive, self-identity, and behavioral domains. For a BPD diagnosis, individuals must present at least five of nine symptoms, resulting in 256 possible symptom combinations; thus, individuals diagnosed with BPD can differ substantially. Specific symptoms of BPD tend to co-occur, suggesting BPD subgroups. To explore this potential, we analyzed data from 504 participants diagnosed with BPD enrolled in one of three randomized controlled trials conducted at center for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto, Canada from 2002 to 2018. An exploratory latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify symptom subgroups of BPD. Analyses indicated three latent subgroups. The first group (n = 53) is distinguished by a lack of affective instability and low levels of dissociative symptoms (non-labile type). The second group (n = 279) is characterized by high levels of dissociative and paranoid symptoms but low abandonment fears and identity disturbance (dissociative/paranoid type). The third group (n = 172) is characterized by high efforts to avoid abandonment and interpersonal aggression (interpersonally unstable type). Homogenous symptom subgroups of BPD symptoms exist and may have important implications for how to refine BPD treatment interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M Antoine
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Beverley K Fredborg
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Streiner
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tim Guimond
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Katherine L Dixon-Gordon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA
| | | | - Janice Kuo
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Paul Links
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Shelley McMain
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mehrotra K, Bhola P, Desai G. Contextualizing motherhood in persons with borderline personality vulnerabilities: cultural adaptation of the parent development interview-revised in an Indian context. RESEARCH IN PSYCHOTHERAPY (MILANO) 2023; 26. [PMID: 36786229 DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2023.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the complex intersection of borderline personality vulnerabilities and motherhood calls for an integrative and culture-sensitive lens in assessment and therapeutic interventions. The aim of the study was to explore constructions of motherhood in an Indian context to inform the adaptation of the Parent Development Interview-Revised (PDI-R) for use with mothers with borderline personality vulnerabilities. A stepwise framework was followed to obtain conceptual, semantic, and operational equivalences for the PDI-R adaptation. Interviews on contextualised aspects of motherhood were conducted with a sample of eight mental health practitioners specializing in borderline personality disorders, women's mental health or child psychology, two cultural psychologists, one gynaecologist and one paediatrician. Six emergent themes were identified through thematic analysis, 'The ideal mother and her search for identity,' 'Mothering the mother and the vicissitudes of care,' 'Not just mine - negotiating boundaries,' 'Mother knows best,' 'Food, feeding and embodied nurturing,' and 'Approaching motherhood in the clinic.' The proposed adaptations to the PDI-R were further reviewed by two experts, a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist specialised in perinatal services. This was followed by the process of operational equivalence through administration of PDI-R with two mothers with borderline personality vulnerabilities and two mothers from the community. The expert review and the administration informed the final adaptation of the PDI-R. A systematic process of adaptation can support the use of measures like the PDI-R in different cultures. A contextual understanding of constructions of motherhood and borderline personality has potential to support meaningful assessment and targeted parenting interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Mehrotra
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore.
| | - Poornima Bhola
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore.
| | - Geetha Desai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maladaptive Self- and Interpersonal Functioning Increments General Psychiatric Severity in the Association with Adolescent Personality Pathology. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10010120. [PMID: 36670670 PMCID: PMC9856791 DOI: 10.3390/children10010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dimensionalized diagnostic systems, especially the entry criterion of maladaptive self and interpersonal functioning, hold particular advantages for the downward extension of personality pathology to young persons, but require conceptual clarification. The current study evaluated the distinctiveness of maladaptive self and interpersonal functioning by examining its incremental value over and above general psychiatric severity in the association with personality pathology. A community sample of N = 419 youth (50.4% female; Mage = 11.91, SD = 1.19) between the ages of 10 and 14 completed measures of maladaptive self- and interpersonal functioning, general psychiatric severity (internalizing-externalizing spectrum), and personality pathology. Results showed that, as expected, maladaptive self- and interpersonal functioning incremented general psychiatric severity in the association with personality pathology in adolescents. Results contribute to the literature base illustrating the value of the entry criterion of the ICD-11 and AMPD diagnostic system.
Collapse
|
10
|
Athar ME, Ebrahimi A. Validation of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Brief Form (PID-5-BF) with Iranian University Students and Clinical Samples: Factor Structure, Measurement Invariance, and Convergent, Discriminant, and Known-Groups Validity. J Pers Assess 2022; 105:371-381. [PMID: 36511889 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2022.2152347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Personality Inventory for DSM-5, Brief Form (PID-5-BF) was developed to assess DSM-5's Alternative Trait Model for Diagnosing Personality Disorders (AMPD). This study aimed to examine the factor structure, internal consistency, measurement invariance, and convergent, discriminant, and known-group validity of the Persian PID-5-BF with 941 university students (aged 18-67, M age= 28.36, SD = 9.09, 39.1% males) and 178 male from a clinical (aged 18-60, M age= 33.77, SD = 10.60) sample in Iran. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the five-factor model in both groups, being fully and partially invariant across gender and study groups, respectively. PID-5-BF subscales were internally consistent, yielded expected associations with other personality variables, and differentiated the student sample from the clinical group, supporting the measure's convergent, discriminant, and known-group validity. Our results indicated that the PID-5-BF holds promise as a screening measure of dimensional maladaptive personality traits in Iranian students and clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Elhami Athar
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Darkmind Research Group, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Exposing the darkness within: A review of dark personality traits, models, and measures and their relationship to insider threats. JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SECURITY AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jisa.2022.103378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Harms PD. Bad Is Stronger Than Good. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Organizational scholars increasingly realize the importance of a dark personality in the workplace. Although a great deal has been learned in terms of the utility of dark personality for the prediction of workplace outcomes, the field has yet to consolidate in terms of which models and measures best reflect the nature of dark personality traits. To facilitate this discussion, the present review examines and evaluates both established and emergent models and measures of dark personality. Further, to inform future research, it also summarizes evidence concerning methodological issues that have been shown to impact levels of dark traits or to moderate their relationships with work outcomes. Finally, the paper considers the implications of widespread practices in the field of dark personality and makes recommendations for future theorizing, research practices, and implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. D. Harms
- Management Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yıldız Miniksar D, Kılıç B, Kılıç M, Miniksar ÖH, Topçu Y, Aydın K. Evaluation of suicide probability in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15130. [PMID: 35510727 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to examine suicide probability, factors affecting suicide, and personality traits of children and adolescents diagnosed with epilepsy, and to compare their results with those of children without epilepsy. METHODS Fifty-six children diagnosed with epilepsy and 56 control children, aged 11-16 years, were evaluated by using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnostic criteria, the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version, the Child Depression Inventory, the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS), and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 - Brief Form - Children (PID-5-BF) scales. Factors predicting suicide risk in children with epilepsy were analyzed. RESULTS The mean age, SPS total score, and hopelessness subscale score, PID-5-BF total score as well as disinhibition and psychoticism subscale scores of the epilepsy group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the Child Depression Inventory, and other subscales of the Suicide Probability Scales and PID-5-BF scales. The SPS total score was higher in patients with comorbid psychiatric diseases, those using psychiatric drugs, and girls (P < 0.05). An ANCOVA analysis indicated that the most important factor that predicted the probability of suicide and its subscale scores was the level of depression, and the presence of epilepsy was not predictive. CONCLUSIONS We found a high probability of suicide and personality pathology in children with epilepsy but the main predictor of suicide probability was the level of depression, not the presence of epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Betül Kılıç
- Pediatric Neurology, Medipol University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Kılıç
- Department of Public Health, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | | | - Yasemin Topçu
- Pediatric Neurology, Medipol University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kürşad Aydın
- Pediatric Neurology, Medipol University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Development of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory Antisocial Personality Disorder Scale based on the HiTOP. PSICO 2021. [DOI: 10.15448/1980-8623.2021.4.36442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to develop a version of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2) according to the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) for the assessment of antisocial personality disorder traits (i.e., IDCP Antisocial Personality Disorder Scale; IDCP-ASPD), as well as verify its psychometric properties. We developed new factors to cover ASPD traits, and collect data with 206 adults from the community (Mage = 31.3; 77.8% women). Participants completed the IDCP-ASPD, factors from IDCP-2, and Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Exploratory structural equation modeling (E-SEM) suggested a 3 factors solution, grouping the 14 factors composing the IDCP-ASPD. Reliability indicators were good. Correlations between IDCP-ASPD and external measures corroborated expectations. The bootstrap two-sample t-test comparing non-clinical and psychiatric groups suggested good discrimination capacity of the IDCP-ASPD. Favorable evidence was found for the usability of the developed scale for ASPD traits measurement, although future studies must replicate the findings in samples composed by ASPD patients.
Collapse
|
15
|
Smith MS, South SC. Call to arms: Research directions to substantiate a unified model of attachment and personality pathology. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madison Shea Smith
- Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Susan C. South
- Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
YILDIZ MİNİKSAR D, ÖZ B. Personality traits and suicide probability in children and adolescents with specific learning disorder. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.899873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
17
|
Krishnamurthy R, Hass GA, Natoli AP, Smith BL, Arbisi PA, Gottfried ED. Professional Practice Guidelines for Personality Assessment. J Pers Assess 2021; 104:1-16. [PMID: 34282964 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2021.1942020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The current paper conveys guidelines for personality assessment developed by a work group formed by the Society for Personality Assessment (SPA), which are intended to serve as an aid for best practices specific to personality assessment for professionals, and a source of information for consumers and policy makers. The guidelines were developed after a careful and systematic review of the literature on personality assessment and examination of practice patterns, and were refined through multiple rounds of input from stakeholders including members of SPA and other professionals routinely conducting personality assessment. The guidelines address the scope of personality assessment and current practice trends, minimum education and training qualifications, ethical practices, diversity considerations, assessment procedures, and appropriate applications. By following these guidelines and other established professional standards, psychologists can help ensure that they practice ethically, competently, with appropriate attention to diversity, and to the highest standards of the profession. These guidelines can function as a resource for educators and supervisors of personality assessment. Additionally, the guidelines will serve as a benchmark for best practices in personality assessment and, as such, represent a first step in what is hoped to be an evolution of ever improving personality assessment standards of practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Krishnamurthy
- School of Psychology, Florida Institute of Technology.,Society for Personality Assessment Practice Guidelines Task Force
| | - Giselle A Hass
- Society for Personality Assessment Practice Guidelines Task Force.,Forensic Psychology Program, Universidad de Iberoamerica, Costa Rica
| | - Adam P Natoli
- Society for Personality Assessment Practice Guidelines Task Force.,Department of Psychology & Philosophy, Sam Houston State University
| | - Bruce L Smith
- Society for Personality Assessment Practice Guidelines Task Force.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Paul A Arbisi
- Society for Personality Assessment Practice Guidelines Task Force.,Minneapolis VA Health Care System.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota
| | - Emily D Gottfried
- Society for Personality Assessment Practice Guidelines Task Force.,Community & Public Safety Psychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Auty KM, Farrington DP, Coid JW. Intergenerational transmission of personality disorder: general or disorder-specific? PSYCHOLOGY CRIME & LAW 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1068316x.2021.1941014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremy W. Coid
- West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ghamkhar Fard Z, Pourshahbaz A, Anderson JL, Boland JK, Shakiba S, Mirabzadeh A. The continuity between DSM-5 criterion-based and trait-based models for personality disorders in an Iranian community sample. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
20
|
Edershile EA, Wright AGC. Fluctuations in grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic states: A momentary perspective. J Pers Soc Psychol 2021; 120:1386-1414. [PMID: 33090821 PMCID: PMC8060359 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Theories of narcissism emphasize the dynamic processes within and between grandiosity and vulnerability. Research seeking to address this has either not studied grandiosity and vulnerability together or has used dispositional measures to assess what are considered to be momentary states. Emerging models of narcissism suggest grandiosity and vulnerability can further be differentiated into a three-factor structure-Exhibitionistic Grandiosity, Entitlement, and Vulnerability. Research in other areas of maladaptive personality (e.g., borderline personality disorder) has made headway in engaging data collection and analytic methods that are specifically meant to examine such questions. The present study took an exploratory approach to studying fluctuations within and between grandiose and vulnerable states. Fluctuations-operationalized as gross variability, instability, and lagged effects-were examined across three samples (two undergraduate and a community sample oversampled for narcissistic features; total person N = 862, total observation N = 36,631). Results suggest variability in narcissistic states from moment to moment is moderately associated with dispositional assessments of narcissism. Specifically, individuals who are dispositionally grandiose express both grandiosity and vulnerability, and vary in their overall levels of grandiosity and vulnerability over time. On the other hand, dispositionally vulnerable individuals tend to have high levels of vulnerability and low levels of grandiosity. Entitlement plays a key role in the processes that underlie narcissism and narcissistic processes appear unique to the construct and not reflective of broader psychological processes (e.g., self-esteem). Future research should consider using similar methods and statistical techniques on different timescales to study dynamics within narcissism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
21
|
Bottesi G, Candini V, Ghisi M, Bava M, Bianconi G, Bulgari V, Carrà G, Cavalera C, Conte G, Cricelli M, Ferla MT, Iozzino L, Macis A, Stefana A, de Girolamo G. Personality, Schizophrenia, and Violence: A Longitudinal Study: The Second Wave of the VIORMED Project. J Pers Disord 2021; 35:236-254. [PMID: 31609185 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2019_33_436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the association between maladaptive personality traits, personality disorders (PDs), schizophrenia, and the risk of aggressive behavior. Ninety-four patients with a history of violence and 92 patients with no history of violence underwent a multidimensional baseline assessment. Aggressive behavior was monitored during a 1-year follow-up through the Modified Overt Aggression Scale. The Violent group scored significantly higher than the Control group on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) Antisocial, Sadistic, Borderline, and Paranoid personality scales. Irrespective of any history of violence, patients with PD as a primary diagnosis displayed more aggressive behaviors than those with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia during the follow-up. Furthermore, the most significant predictor of aggressive behaviors over time was endorsing a primary diagnosis of PD. Identifying the crucial risk factors for violent recidivism would contribute to reducing aggressive behavior in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Bottesi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Candini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Ghisi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Bava
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bianconi
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, ASST Ovest Milanese, Milano, Italy
| | - Viola Bulgari
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cesare Cavalera
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Conte
- Department of Mental Health, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Cricelli
- Department of Mental Health, Asst-Rhodense G. Salvini di Garbagnate, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Ferla
- Department of Mental Health, Asst-Rhodense G. Salvini di Garbagnate, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Iozzino
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ambra Macis
- Unit of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Stefana
- Department of Mental Health, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Girolamo
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Klein AB, Dutra SJ, Bovin MJ, Keane TM, Marx BP. The Role of Negative Affect in Differentiating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Their Comorbidity Among United States Veterans. J Trauma Stress 2021; 34:322-332. [PMID: 33174307 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Following trauma exposure, two frequently co-occurring forms of psychopathology include posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Although these diagnoses have been identified as distinct constructs, the proper classification of these disorders remains a challenge due to overlapping symptoms. Instead, systematically establishing higher- and lower-order personality traits associated with each diagnosis may avoid this confound and improve differential diagnosis. In the present study, we examined how higher-order negative affect and its lower-order facets (i.e., anxiousness, emotional lability, and separation insecurity) may be associated with a diagnosis of PTSD only, MDD only, both diagnoses, or neither diagnosis. Participants were 1,175 veterans enrolled in the Veterans After Discharge Longitudinal Registry. Higher- and lower-order negative affect were assessed using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), and PTSD and MDD diagnoses were based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5). Multinomial logistic regressions were used to model the association between higher- and lower-order negative affect and diagnostic status, after controlling for potential covariates. Diagnostic utility analyses were conducted to examine the degree to which higher- and lower-order negative affect classified participants across groups. Higher-order negative affect and lower-order anxiousness differentiated diagnostic groups, ORs = 1.76-4.66, and had strong specificity and negative predictive value for individuals with PTSD and MDD and those with MDD only. These findings help explain the role of higher-order negative affect and lower-order anxiousness in differentiating PTSD from MDD and comorbid PTSD and MDD and may have implications for assessment, differential diagnosis, and treatment planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Klein
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sunny J Dutra
- Department of Clinical Psychology, William James College, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle J Bovin
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Terence M Keane
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian P Marx
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gutiérrez F, Peri JM, Gárriz M, Vall G, Arqué E, Ruiz L, Condomines J, Calvo N, Ferrer M, Sureda B. Integration of the ICD-11 and DSM-5 Dimensional Systems for Personality Disorders Into a Unified Taxonomy With Non-overlapping Traits. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:591934. [PMID: 33889093 PMCID: PMC8055818 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.591934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The promise of replacing the diagnostic categories of personality disorder with a better-grounded system has been only partially met. We still need to understand whether our main dimensional taxonomies, those of the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), are the same or different, and elucidate whether a unified structure is possible. We also need truly independent pathological domains, as they have shown unacceptable overlap so far. To inquire into these points, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD) were administered to 677 outpatients. Disattenuated correlation coefficients between 0.84 and 0.93 revealed that both systems share four analogous traits: negative affectivity, detachment, dissociality/antagonism, and disinhibition. These traits proved scalar equivalence too, such that scores in the two questionnaires are roughly interchangeable. These four domains plus psychoticism formed a theoretically consistent and well-fitted five-factor structure, but they overlapped considerably, thereby reducing discriminant validity. Only after the extraction of a general personality disorder factor (g-PD) through bifactor analysis, we could attain a comprehensive model bearing mutually independent traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gutiérrez
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Peri
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Gárriz
- Neuropsychiatry and Drug Addiction Institute, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vall
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addiction, GSS-Hospital Santa Maria, Lleida, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute, Lleida, Spain
| | - Estela Arqué
- La Coma Therapeutic Community, ATRA Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz
- La Coma Therapeutic Community, ATRA Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Natalia Calvo
- Psychiatry Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Psychiatry and Legal Medicine Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Psychiatry Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Psychiatry and Legal Medicine Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bárbara Sureda
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fang S, Ouyang Z, Zhang P, He J, Fan L, Luo X, Zhang J, Xiong Y, Luo F, Wang X, Yao S, Wang X. Personality Inventory for DSM-5 in China: Evaluation of DSM-5 and ICD-11 Trait Structure and Continuity With Personality Disorder Types. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:635214. [PMID: 33841206 PMCID: PMC8033014 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.635214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) is an established tool for assessing personality disorder (PD) traits that was developed based on section III of the DSM-5. It is composed of 220 items, organized into 25 facets, which are distributed among five domains. The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the PID-5 remain to be demonstrated. Two samples were embodied in this study that included 3,550 undergraduates and 406 clinical patients. To probe the structure of the PID-5, parallel analyses were conducted to explore the unidimensionality of its 25 facets and a series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were carried out to confirm the 25 lower-order facets and their distribution among five higher-order domains. Then, the PID-5 was employed to measure the DSM-5 and ICD-11 trait models and to explore the relationship of DSM-IV categorical PDs with DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality traits. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to probe how well DSM-IV categorical PDs correspond with maladaptive personality traits specified in the DSM-5 and five ICD-11 domains. The respective average internal reliability coefficients of the 25 facets obtained for undergraduate and clinical patient samples were 0.76 and 0.81, those obtained for the five DSM-5 domains were 0.89 and 0.91, and those obtained for the five ICD-11 domains were 0.87 and 0.89. Serial CFAs confirmed the rationality of the PID-5's lower-order 25-facet structure and higher-order five-domain structure in both samples. Correlation and regression analyses showed that DSM-5 specified traits explain the variance in PD presentation with a manifold stronger correlation (R 2 = 0.24-0.44) than non-specified traits (R 2 = 0.04-0.12). Overall, the PID-5 was shown to be a reliable, stable, and structurally valid assessment tool that captures pathological personality traits related to DSM-5 and ICD-11 PDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Fang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zirong Ouyang
- Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, China
| | - Panwen Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiayue He
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lejia Fan
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingwei Luo
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianghua Zhang
- Student Affairs Department, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Student Affairs Department, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fusheng Luo
- Student Affairs Department, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gutiérrez F, Ruiz J, Peri JM, Gárriz M, Vall G, Cavero M. Toward an Integrated Model of Pathological Personality Traits: Common Hierarchical Structure of the PID-5 and the DAPP-BQ. J Pers Disord 2020; 34:25-39. [PMID: 31210573 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2019_33_431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A dimensional classification seems to be the next move in the personality disorders field. However, it is not clear whether there is one dimensional model or many, or whether the currently available dimensional instruments measure the same traits. To help clarify these issues, the authors administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP-BQ) to 414 psychiatric outpatients. Factor analyses showed that a common hierarchical structure underlies both instruments, even if each one measures slightly different aspects of it. Disattenuated correlations indicated that, at the lower order level, two thirds of the PID-5 and DAPP-BQ facets measure essentially the same traits, although the pairings were not exactly as predicted. Among higher order domains, only PID Negative Affectivity and Detachment converged unambiguously with DAPP Emotional Dysregulation and Inhibition. Overall, the PID-5 and the DAPP-BQ reflect, with small divergences, one and the same structure of pathological personality traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gutiérrez
- Personality Disorder Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain, and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ruiz
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Section of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Gárriz
- CSMA La Mina, Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vall
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addiction, GSS-Hospital Santa Maria, Lleida, and IRB (Institut de Recerca Biomèdica), Lleida, Spain
| | - Myriam Cavero
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bortolla R, Galli M, Ramella P, Sirtori F, Visintini R, Maffei C. Negative bias and reduced visual information processing of socio-emotional context in borderline Personality Disorder: A support for the hypersensitivity hypothesis. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2020; 69:101589. [PMID: 32502878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Current studies on emotional dysregulation in BPD suggest that it might be manifested by altered appraisal and biased attentional mechanisms, rather than by hyperreactivity. The aim of this study was to acquire more evidence on this topic by testing the hypothesis that BPD patients are characterized by a negative evaluation bias and reduced visual exploration in response to socio-emotional content. Moreover, the association between the previous conceptualizations and typical dysfunctional processes in BPD were evaluated. METHODS Fifty-four socio-emotional pictures were administered to 20 female BPD patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs) divided into three blocks characterized by different stimulus durations (500 ms, 3s, 18s). Self-reported and eye-tracking data were collected during the experiment. RESULTS BPD patients showed lower valence ratings and reduced visual exploration of socio-emotional pictures compared to HCs. Visual exploration in BPD was affected by exposure time with reduced exploration in response to prolonged stimuli presentation. Dysfunctional features and pre-task negative affectivity level in BPD were correlated with self-reported evaluations and eye-tracking data. LIMITATIONS Possible effects of gender on emotional responsivity could not be addressed given the female composition of our sample. Moreover, the role of psychiatric symptoms and medications should be addressed in future research. CONCLUSIONS This study presented evidence on dysfunctional mechanisms sustaining emotional dysregulation in BPD. This construct seemed supported by a well-established negative bias towards emotional stimuli together with a reduced processing of social information as manifestations of emotional hypersensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bortolla
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Galli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Ramella
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Sirtori
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Visintini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Maffei
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Koster N, Laceulle OM, Van der Heijden PT, Klimstra T, De Clercq B, Verbeke L, De Caluwé EAL, Van Aken MAG. A Psychometric Evaluation of a Reduced Version of the PID-5 in Clinical and Non-Clinical Adolescents. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. A dimensional perspective on personality pathology in which trait assessment plays an important role has been proposed in the DSM-5, as represented in the PID-5 measure. In an attempt to increase the feasibility of the personality disorder (PD) assessment process, Maples and colleagues constructed a reduced, 100-item version of the PID-5. This study aimed to replicate and extend previous findings on the psychometric properties of this 100-item PID-5 relying on a non-clinical ( N = 100) and a clinical ( N = 101) sample of mid-adolescents, as well as a non-clinical ( N = 218) and a clinical ( N = 212) sample of late-adolescents. Results indicate that the psychometric properties of the 100-item PID-5 are adequate and similar to the original PID-5 in all samples. Our study provides evidence for extended applicability of the 100-item PID-5 for both clinical and non-clinical adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagila Koster
- Reinier van Arkel, Centre for Adolescent Psychiatry, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Theo Klimstra
- Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lize Verbeke
- Personality Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Reardon KW, Herzhoff K, Smack AJ, Tackett JL. Relational Aggression and Narcissistic Traits: How Youth Personality Pathology Informs Aggressive Behavior. J Pers Disord 2020; 34:46-63. [PMID: 31682192 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2019_33_450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Low agreeableness features centrally in personality profiles of Cluster B personality disorder (PD) diagnoses, and it has been associated with relational aggression (RAgg; intentionally damaging others' social relationships). Researchers have hypothesized that RAgg may be a potential developmental precursor for Cluster B PDs. However, a dimensional approach to personality dysfunction is preferable to the categorical system found in the current diagnostic manual. To build a bridge between two disjointed literatures (categorical PDs and RAgg), the aim of this project is to detail how RAgg in youth is situated in the trait space represented by disagreeableness in a dimensional model of personality pathology. Caregivers of 911 youth (ages 6-18) reported on youth's RAgg and disagreeableness. We found that RAgg was most strongly related to three facets: Narcissistic traits, Hyperexpressive traits, and Dominance-Egocentrism traits. Overall, these findings provide support for RAgg as an early manifestation of personality pathology, particularly for narcissistic traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathrin Herzhoff
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Avanté J Smack
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Amendola S, Spensieri V, Biuso GS, Cerutti R. The relationship between maladaptive personality functioning and problematic technology use in adolescence: A cluster analysis approach. Scand J Psychol 2020; 61:809-818. [PMID: 32754935 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, scientific research has explored the problematic use of internet, videogames and mobile phones. However, there is still little consistent knowledge regarding the co-occurrence of problematic technology use and the role of maladaptive personality characteristics in adolescence. The present study aimed to investigate adolescents' styles of technology use with a cluster analysis approach focusing on personality functioning. The sample comprised 408 Italian adolescents (46.3% males) aged 11 to 18 years (M age = 13.80; SD = 2.08). Data were collected using the Internet Addiction Test, the Videogame Dependency Scale, the Test of Mobile-Phone Dependence Brief Form and the Personality Inventory for DSM5 Brief Form. Results provided a four-cluster solution based on the co-occurrence of problematic technology use. The four clusters were labeled as follows: cluster 1: "Above average internet and mobile-phone use"; cluster 2: "Below average technology use"; cluster 3: "Above average videogame use"; and cluster 4: "Problematic technology use." Analyses on demographic variables (e.g., gender and age) demonstrated significant differences between the four groups. Adolescents with high levels of problematic technology use reported greater overall personality dysfunction than the other three groups. This finding supported our hypothesis on maladaptive personality functioning in adolescents at risk for addiction. Finally, the Antagonism domain played a specific role in differentiating the severity of adolescents' involvement in technology use. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to plan preventive interventions as well as therapeutic treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Amendola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Spensieri
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Biuso
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Cerutti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Haines N, Beauchaine TP. Moving beyond Ordinary Factor Analysis in Studies of Personality and Personality Disorder: A Computational Modeling Perspective. Psychopathology 2020; 53:157-167. [PMID: 32663821 PMCID: PMC7529707 DOI: 10.1159/000508539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Almost all forms of psychopathology, including personality disorders, are arrived at through complex interactions among neurobiological vulnerabilities and environmental risk factors across development. Yet despite increasing recognition of etiological complexity, psychopathology research is still dominated by searches for large main effects causes. This derives in part from reliance on traditional inferential methods, including ordinary factor analysis, regression, ANCOVA, and other techniques that use statistical partialing to isolate unique effects. In principle, some of these methods can accommodate etiological complexity, yet as typically applied they are insensitive to interactive functional dependencies (modulating effects) among etiological influences. Here, we use our developmental model of antisocial and borderline traits to illustrate challenges faced when modeling complex etiological mechanisms of psychopathology. We then consider how computational models, which are rarely used in the personality disorders literature, remedy some of these challenges when combined with hierarchical Bayesian analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Haines
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Stover JB, Liporace MF, Castro Solano A. Personality functioning scale: A scale to assess DSM-5’s Criterion A personality disorders. INTERPERSONA: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2020. [DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.v14i1.3925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Section III on Emerging Measures and Models included in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, introduces a hybrid alternative approach, dimensional-categorical, to diagnose personality disorders. The Criterion A establishes the assessment of the impairment in personality functioning in terms of two dimensions: self and interpersonal. The present study was aimed at developing a short scale to measure both dimensions. The sample was composed of 342 adults from Buenos Aires city and its outskirts, with ages ranging from 19 to 82 years old (M = 39.90, SD = 13.75). Data were gathered using the Personality Functioning Scale, developed in this study, as well as the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 Brief Form, the Mental Health Continuum Short Form, and the Symptom Check List-27. A principal components analysis conducted on 28 items found 2 factors, interpersonal and self. Internal consistency, estimated by ordinal Alphas, achieved values between .92 and .86 whilst Cronbach’s Alphas were .88 and .87. Significant and positive correlations between the Personality Functioning Scale scores on the one hand, and the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 Brief Form scores and the Symptom Check List-27 score on the other, were found. Negative correlations between PFS scores and the Mental Health Continuum Short Form were calculated. As a result, a short scale with adequate psychometric features, suitable to assess Criterion A in adult Argentinian population has been developed.
Collapse
|
32
|
Velotti P, Rogier G. An exploratory study of the role played by hedonic dysregulation in gambling disorder. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1784977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Velotti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guyonne Rogier
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Strahler J, Haddad C, Salameh P, Sacre H, Obeid S, Hallit S. Cross-cultural differences in orthorexic eating behaviors: Associations with personality traits. Nutrition 2020; 77:110811. [PMID: 32447071 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sociocultural factors and personality traits play key roles in determining dietary behaviors. Orthorexia nervosa (ON), the pathologic obsession with healthy eating, is increasingly receiving scientific attention. However, mechanisms and risk factors are not completely understood. The aims of this study were to compare the prevalence of orthorexic eating attitudes among adults in Germany and Lebanon, and to examine the relationship with primary facets of personality and maladaptive personality traits. METHODS The German sample comprised 391 adults, of which 314 were women (80.3%) and the mean age was 27 y. The Lebanese sample comprised 519 adults, of which 283 were women (56%) and the mean age was 36 y. In addition to sociodemographic data, participants completed the Dusseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS), the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS), the Big Five Inventory, and the Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. RESULTS Generally higher levels of healthy orthorexia among women and higher levels of ON according to the TOS-ON and DOS scores were found in Lebanon. In the Lebanese sample, 8.4% presented a high risk for ON, whereas this was true for only 4.9% of the German sample. Some associations between DOS/TOS scores and personality traits appeared but coefficients were generally low. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that the negative association between ON and the traits agreeableness and negative affectivity was clearly evident in the Lebanese sample but less so in the German sample. Age, body mass index, marital status, and subjective social status were not relevant moderators of effects. Comparison by country indicated higher prevalence of pathologic healthful eating and ON in the Lebanese sample compared with the German group. Personality traits, but not sociodemographic variables, partly contributed to this difference. CONCLUSION The present results suggested the importance of sociocultural factors in the development of eating pathologies and proposed specific personality traits as important associated factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Strahler
- Department of Health Psychology and Applied Diagnostics, Faculty of Human-Social Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon; INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Limoges, France; University of Limoges, UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Limoges, France; CH Esquirol, Department of Psychiatry, Limoges, France
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon; Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon; Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Psychology, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Langwerden RJ, van der Heijden PT, Egger JIM, Derksen JJL. Robustness of the Maladaptive Personality Plaster: An Investigation of Stability of the PSY-5-r in Adults over 20 Years. J Pers Assess 2020; 103:27-32. [PMID: 32125195 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2020.1729772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The long-term stability of maladaptive personality traits in the general population has been under-investigated. The current study examined the longitudinal 20-year mean-level stability and rank-order consistency of five maladaptive personality traits-as measured with the Personality Psychopathology-5-r scales. Correlations and regression analysis were conducted to test both types of stability comparing raw scores of scale administrations in a general population sample in both 1992 and 2012 (N = 65). Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated significant mean-level stability of the PSY-5-r traits over 20 years. The PSY-5-r scales demonstrated significant rank-order consistency as evidenced by correlational analyses and reliability coefficients. The scales Aggressiveness-r (r = .73), Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality-r (r = .65), Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality-r (r = .63), and Disconstraint-r (r = .56), evidenced strong rank-order stability, whereas Psychoticism-r (r = .3) showed moderate rank-order consistency. The results of the present study indicate that maladaptive personality traits as measured with the PSY-5-r scales are relatively stable over 20 years in an adult community population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robbert J Langwerden
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Paul T van der Heijden
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Adolescent Psychiatry, Reinier van Arkel Mental Health Institute, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Jos I M Egger
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centers of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Mental Health Institute, Venray, The Netherlands.,Stevig Specialized and Forensic Care for People with Intellectual Disabilities, Oostrom, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J L Derksen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Clinical and Life Span Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mullins-Sweatt SN, Hopwood CJ, Chmielewski M, Meyer NA, Min J, Helle AC, Walgren MD. Treatment of personality pathology through the lens of the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology: Developing a research agenda. Personal Ment Health 2020; 14:123-141. [PMID: 31364820 PMCID: PMC7053295 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the emphasis on evidence-based treatment for psychological disorders, to date, there has been limited research examining treatment for nine of the 10 categorical personality disorders in DSM-5 Section 2. This is perhaps not surprising given the complex heterogeneity and co-morbidity within personality pathology. The hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP) was proposed to address limitations within the traditional categorical model of the diagnostic system. Within this system are five spectra: detachment, antagonistic externalizing, disinhibited externalizing, thought disorder and internalizing. These foundational personality traits potentially have direct and specific treatment implications. The purpose of this paper is to highlight potential psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment recommendations within the personality spectra. Additionally, we outline the advantages of considering the personality science found within dimensional models of psychopathology in clinical assessment and intervention to aid in treatment planning. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neil A Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Jiwon Min
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ashley C Helle
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Maggie D Walgren
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sharp C. Adolescent Personality Pathology and the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders: Self Development as Nexus. Psychopathology 2020; 53:198-204. [PMID: 32464626 DOI: 10.1159/000507588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews maladaptive trait development (DSM-5 Section III Criterion B), the development of DSM-5 Section II borderline personality disorder, and research on the development of identity, self-direction, empathy/mentalizing, and intimacy (DSM-5 Section III Criterion A). Combined, these previously disparate literatures begin to point to an integrated developmental theory of personality pathology, which suggests that Criterion A concepts (identity, self-direction, empathy, and intimacy) coalesce around the development of self, marking a discontinuous (qualitative) developmental shift. This developmental shift is a function of the demands placed on individuals to take on independent adult role function, combined with biologically-based maturational cognitive and emotional advances during adolescence. Section II personality disorder ensues when an integrated and coherent sense of self fails to develop, resulting in nonfulfilment of adult role function. In this sense, Criterion A self function can account for the onset of Section II personality disorder in adolescence, while Criterion B provides a useful descriptive account of continuous aspects of personality function over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Waszczuk MA, Li K, Ruggero CJ, Clouston SAP, Luft BJ, Kotov R. Maladaptive Personality Traits and 10-Year Course of Psychiatric and Medical Symptoms and Functional Impairment Following Trauma. Ann Behav Med 2019; 52:697-712. [PMID: 30010707 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kax030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Personality is a major predictor of many mental and physical disorders, but its contributions to illness course are understudied. Purpose The current study aimed to explore whether personality is associated with a course of psychiatric and medical illness over 10 years following trauma. Methods World Trade Center (WTC) responders (N = 532) completed the personality inventory for DSM-5, which measures both broad domains and narrow facets. Responders' mental and physical health was assessed in the decade following the WTC disaster during annual monitoring visits at a WTC Health Program clinic. Multilevel modeling was used in an exploratory manner to chart the course of health and functioning, and examine associations of maladaptive personality domains and facets with intercepts (initial illness) and slopes (course) of illness trajectories. Results Three maladaptive personality domains-negative affectivity, detachment and psychoticism-were uniquely associated with initial posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); detachment and psychoticism were also associated with initial functional impairment. Five facets-emotional lability, anhedonia, callousness, distractibility and perceptual dysregulation-were uniquely associated with initial mental and physical health and functional impairment. Anxiousness and depressivity facets were associated with worse initial levels of psychiatric outcomes only. With regard to illness trajectory, callousness and perceptual dysregulation were associated with the increase in PTSD symptoms. Anxiousness was associated with greater persistence of respiratory symptoms. Conclusions Several personality domains and facets were associated with initial levels and long-term course of illness and functional impairment in a traumatized population. Results inform the role of maladaptive personality in the development and maintenance of chronic mental-physical comorbidity. Personality might constitute a transdiagnostic prognostic and treatment target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Kaiqiao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Camilo J Ruggero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Sean A P Clouston
- Program in Public Health and Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin J Luft
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kasowski AE, Anderson JL. The Association Between Sexually Aggressive Cognitions and Pathological Personality Traits in Men. Violence Against Women 2019; 26:1636-1655. [PMID: 31558117 DOI: 10.1177/1077801219873436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sexual aggression, harassment, and sexually aggressive cognitions (victim blaming, sexual entitlement) are serious societal problems. Although research has examined attributes of individuals who engage in overt sexual assault, few studies have focused on individual characteristics of those who perpetuate problematic negative beliefs surrounding sexual assault. This study sought to examine the relationship between pathological personality and sexually aggressive cognitions among 242 community men. Results showed that traits including antagonism, disinhibition, and negative affectivity were associated with sexually aggressive cognitions. These results have implications for understanding sexual aggression and the role personality plays in perpetuating sexually aggressive attitudes.
Collapse
|
39
|
Hemmati A, Mirghaed SR, Rahmani F, Komasi S. The Differential Profile of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and Avoidant Personality Disorder (APD) on the Basis of Criterion B of the DSM-5-AMPD in a College Sample. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 26:74-87. [PMID: 31728120 PMCID: PMC6839665 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.5.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was conducted to determine the differential profile of social anxiety disorder (SAD) and avoidant personality disorder (APD) based on dimensional diagnosis in criterion B of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (DSM-5-AMPD) in a college sample. METHODS Samples of this cross-sectional study included 320 (23.08 ± 2.66 years; 57% female) college students in western Iran during February 2015 to December 2017. Liebowitz-social anxiety scale, PID-5, SCID-II, SCID-II-SQ and diagnostic interview for SAD were the tools. The data were analysed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS Forty-three and 38 participants met criteria for SAD alone and APD, respectively. Five main domains of PID-5 could explain 29% and 54% of the variance of SAD and APD, respectively. Facets of negative affect, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism could explain 25% versus 43%, 26% versus 54%, 7% versus 27%, 21% versus 41%, 13% versus 30% of the variance of SAD and APD, respectively. CONCLUSION SAD and APD probably refer to two distinct mental states having prominent anxiety, emotional instability, and interpersonal pattern of avoidance and detachment of challenge. SAD is a simple form of mental disturbances with anxiety in its core features; although, APD is possibly referring to more complicated psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azad Hemmati
- Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Fateh Rahmani
- Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Saeid Komasi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Barchi-Ferreira AM, Loureiro SR, Torres AR, da Silva TDA, Moreno AL, DeSousa DA, Chagas MHN, dos Santos RG, Machado-de-Souza JP, Chagas NMDS, Hallak JEC, Crippa JADS, Osório FL. Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5): cross-cultural adaptation and content validity in the Brazilian context. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2019; 41:297-300. [DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2018-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objective To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) to the Brazilian context. Methods Cross-cultural adaptation involved the steps of independent translation of the instrument, synthesis version, and back-translation. Analysis of content validity was conducted by a multidisciplinary expert committee and consisted of quantitative assessment of agreement indicators. The test was then applied to a target population. Results All the steps required for a cross-cultural adaptation were followed and satisfactory agreement values (≥ 4.75) were reached for most of the structures assessed. Most of the changes suggested by the experts were followed; these changes consisted primarily of adjustments to verb tense and agreement and the inclusion of letters and words to allow gender inflection. In the pre-test, no suggestions were made and the instrument was considered comprehensible. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the PID-5 was found to be adequate to the Brazilian context from semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual perspectives. The Brazilian version assessed here can be freely used, was approved by the publishers who hold the copyright on the instrument, and is considered the official version of the instrument. New studies are underway to determine the validity and reliability of the PID-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Regina Loureiro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Flávia L. Osório
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Łysiak M. Inner Dialogical Communication and Pathological Personality Traits. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1663. [PMID: 31379684 PMCID: PMC6646707 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dialogicality and its relation to personality traits have been extensively explored since the evolution of dialogical self theory. However, the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) proposes a new hybrid personality disorder system and, thereby, a new model of pathological personality traits. As of now, there are no studies which show the relationships between self-talk, internal dialogicality, and pathological traits. Thus, the aim of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the relationship between self-talk and pathological personality traits and (b) to explore the possible affinity between pathological structure of personality and dialogicality. A representative sample of 458 individuals from the non-clinical population, aged 18–67 (M = 30.99, SD = 10.27), including 52% women, completed three questionnaires: the Self-Talk Scale by Brinthaupt et al. (2009), the Internal Dialogical Activity Scale by Oleś (2009), and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 by Krueger et al. (2012). To verify the correspondence between self-talk, internal dialogues, and pathological personality traits, the Pearson product–moment correlation coefficients (Pearson’s r) and canonical correlation analysis were used. The results supported the hypotheses about the specific relationship between internal dialogical activity and five crucial dysfunctional personality traits related to the hybrid DSM-5 system of diagnosis. People characterized as having emotional lability, anxiousness, and separation insecurity (high negative affectivity), with unusual beliefs and experiences, as well as eccentricity (high psychoticism), are prone to having ruminative and confronting dialogues. The correlation between pathological personality traits and self-talk were statistically significant, but the relationships are very small.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Łysiak
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kotelnikova Y, Weaver CA, Clark LA. The joint structure of maladaptive personality traits and psychopathology. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
43
|
Peri JM, Muñoz-Champel A, Torrubia R, Gutiérrez F. The General Criteria for Personality Disorders Assessed by Interview: Do They Still Have a Role to Play? J Pers Disord 2019; 33:515-S9. [PMID: 30307831 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2018_32_356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
On the path to developing dimensional models of personality disorder (PD), we are at risk of leaving key diagnostic aspects behind. The general criteria for PD may be important ones because they reflect the defining aspects of personality pathology: long duration, independence from psychopathological states, and harmfulness. We assessed these criteria by interview in a sample of 362 psychiatric outpatients after administering the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+. The result was a 42.5% fall in self-reported endorsements, due to misinterpretations (11.5%), short duration of traits or contamination by state psychopathology (9.8%), and traits being non-harmful (21.2%). However, not all personality traits and disorders underwent correction to the same extent, and ultimately, the interview did not improve the prediction of clinical variables. These findings raise doubts about the practical relevance of the general criteria for PD and support the role of self-report questionnaires for diagnostic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Peri
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz-Champel
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | - Rafael Torrubia
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | - Fernando Gutiérrez
- Personality Disorder Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, and Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
The Associations Between Maladaptive Personality Traits, Craving, Alcohol Use, and Adolescent Problem Gambling: An Italian Survey Study. J Gambl Stud 2019; 36:243-258. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-019-09872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
45
|
Boudreaux MJ, South SC, Oltmanns TF. Symptom-level analysis of DSM-IV/DSM-5 personality pathology in later life: Hierarchical structure and predictive validity across self- and informant ratings. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 128:365-384. [PMID: 31282728 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dissatisfaction with the categorical model of personality disorder led to several investigations on alternative, dimensional systems. The majority of these studies were conducted at the syndrome-level where each diagnostic criterion is summed or averaged within each disorder. Studies at the symptom-level have identified symptom dimensions that define and cut across categories, but the number and nature of dimensions varies across studies. The purpose of the present study was to examine the hierarchical structure and impact of personality pathology at the symptom-level across self- and informant ratings in a large community sample of older adults (N = 1,630; ages 55 to 64). Results indicated that multiple structural patterns can be organized within a common hierarchical framework, with a general factor of maladjustment at the top, 2 broad dimensions of internalizing and externalizing pathology directly below, and progressively more specific symptom dimensions toward the bottom. Factors at each level of the hierarchy were similar across self- and informant ratings. The 4-factor model showed significant incremental validity in predicting a range of life outcomes over simpler models, while increasingly complex models incrementally but modestly improved predictive power. Several consistencies emerged between the current findings and prior factor analytic studies. The most unexpected result was the conspicuous absence of a disinhibition factor reflecting antisocial and impulsivity-related problems. This anomaly may involve the older age of our sample and the changing expression of personality pathology in later life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Boudreaux
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Susan C South
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University
| | - Thomas F Oltmanns
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ferrer A, Londoño NH, Calvete E, Krueger RF. The Psychometric Properties of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) in a Colombian Clinic Sample. UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy18-1.ppoi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: to validate the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in a Colombian clinical population and the gender differences. Participants: 341 patients between 18 and 60 years of age, 60% of women. Method: Confirmatory Factor Analyses (AFC) and concurrent validity whit PBQ-SF. Results: supported the existence of the 25 first-order factors. In terms of domains (second-order analysis), several organization models were posed. The results supported the model proposed by Krueger, Derringer, Markon, Watson, and Skodol (2012): c2(2661, n = 341) = 3350, RMSEA = 0.028 (90% CI: 0.025; 0.030), CFI = 0.99, NNFI=0.99. Men scored significantly higher than women on grandiosity, irresponsibility, manipulativeness, risk-taking, antagonism, and disinhibition. Women scored significantly higher than men on emotional lability and intimacy avoidance. The concurrent validity of PID with the PBQ-SF was high, giving support to the traits of personality disorder models of the DSM-5.
Collapse
|
47
|
Evaluating the role of functional impairment in personality psychopathology. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:1017-1026. [PMID: 29609984 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DSM-5's Section III Alternative Model for Personality Disorder (AMPD) model states that an individual must show impairment in self and interpersonal functioning for PD diagnosis. The current study investigated dimensional personality trait associations with impairment, including differential patterns of impairment across specific PDs, and whether traits have improved our assessment of functional impairment in PDs. Two-hundred and seventy-seven participants were administered measures of Antisocial PD, Avoidant PD, Borderline PD, Narcissistic PD, Obsessive-Compulsive PD, and Schizotypal PD from the perspectives of Section II (PDQ-4) and Section III (PID-5) PD models, as well as measures of functional impairment in interpersonal and intrapersonal domains. Pearson correlations showed associations between ratings of impairment and most Section II and Section III PDs and trait facets, with the exception of narcissistic PD. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that Section III PDs added predictive validity beyond Section II PDs in predicting impairment, except narcissistic PD. These findings provide support both for the impairment criterion in the AMPD and for the association between trait-based PDs and impairment, and suggest that this trait-based measurement adds uniquely to the understanding of functional impairment.
Collapse
|
48
|
Sleep CE, Wygant DB, Miller JD. Examining the Incremental Utility of DSM-5 Section III Traits and Impairment in Relation to Traditional Personality Disorder Scores in a Female Correctional Sample. J Pers Disord 2018; 32:738-752. [PMID: 28972814 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2017_31_320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Personality disorders (PDs) are challenging to assess and are associated with great individual and societal costs. In response to the limitations of categorical models, the DSM-5 included an alternative model (i.e., Section III), which uses impairment (Criterion A) and pathological traits (Criterion B) to diagnose PDs. Although numerous studies have illustrated dimensional trait models' ability to capture personality psychopathology, less attention has been paid to personality impairment. The present investigation sought to examine Criterion A's ability to contribute incrementally to the prediction of antisocial (ASPD), borderline (BPD), and narcissistic personality disorders (NPD), and Interpersonal-Affective (F1) and Impulsive-Antisocial (F2) features of psychopathy. The current study used 200 female inmates and found that impairment contributed to the prediction of BPD, NPD, and psychopathy F1 scores and did not add to the prediction of ASPD and psychopathy F2 scores. Difficulties in distinguishing between personality impairment and personality disordered traits are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dustin B Wygant
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Passanisi A, D’Urso G, Pace U. The Interplay Between Maladaptive Personality Traits and Mindfulness Deficits Among Adolescent Regular Gamblers: A Mediation Model. J Gambl Stud 2018; 35:93-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-018-9811-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
50
|
Riegel KD, Ksinan AJ, Samankova D, Preiss M, Harsa P, Krueger RF. Unidimensionality of the personality inventory for DSM-5 facets: Evidence from two Czech-speaking samples. Personal Ment Health 2018; 12:281-297. [PMID: 29952078 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To date, numerous studies have confirmed empirical relevance of the personality trait model defined in the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders. The supposed single-factor structure of its facets and general domains across various samples, however, has not been researched thoroughly. This study focused on evaluating the hypothesized unidimensional factor structure of the lower-order personality trait facets, as well as the validity of the higher-order domains. The Czech version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) was used in a sample of 351 community volunteers and 143 psychiatric patients. The fit of the model for 25 facets could not be replicated with the original PID-5, while a shortened version confirmed the single-factor structure of all facets and their relevance to the five proposed domains. The findings support unidimensional structure of the modified DSM-5 personality trait model and imply discussion of the utility of the proposed PID-5 version. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karel D Riegel
- Department of Addictology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Albert J Ksinan
- Department of Family Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Dita Samankova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Preiss
- Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Harsa
- Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|