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Mitrakos AK, Kosma K, Makrythanasis P, Tzetis M. The Phenotypic Spectrum of 16p11.2 Recurrent Chromosomal Rearrangements. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1053. [PMID: 39202413 PMCID: PMC11354020 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The human 16p11.2 chromosomal region is rich in segmental duplications which mediate the formation of recurrent CNVs. CNVs affecting the 16p11.2 region are associated with an increased risk for developing neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, and intellectual disability (ID), as well as abnormal body weight and head circumference and dysmorphic features, with marked phenotypic variability and reduced penetrance. CNVs affecting the 16p11.2 region mainly affect a distal interval of ~220 Kb, between Breakpoints 2 and 3 (BP2-BP3), and a proximal interval of ~593 Kb (BP4-BP5). Here, we report on 15 patients with recurrent 16p11.2 rearrangements that were identified among a cohort of 1600 patients (0.9%) with neurodevelopmental disorders. A total of 13 deletions and two duplications were identified, of which eight deletions included the proximal 16p11.2 region (BP4-BP5) and five included the distal 16p11.2 region (BP2-BP3). Of the two duplications that were identified, one affected the proximal and one the distal 16p11.2 region; however, both patients had additional CNVs contributing to phenotypic severity. The features observed and their severity varied greatly, even between patients within the same family. This article aims to further delineate the clinical spectrum of patients with 16p11.2 recurrent rearrangements in order to aid the counselling of patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios K. Mitrakos
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute for the Study and Treatment of Genetic and Malignant Disorders of Childhood, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kosma
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Periklis Makrythanasis
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tzetis
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Kundu S, Sair H, Sherr EH, Mukherjee P, Rohde GK. Discovering the gene-brain-behavior link in autism via generative machine learning. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl5307. [PMID: 38865470 PMCID: PMC11168471 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl5307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Autism is traditionally diagnosed behaviorally but has a strong genetic basis. A genetics-first approach could transform understanding and treatment of autism. However, isolating the gene-brain-behavior relationship from confounding sources of variability is a challenge. We demonstrate a novel technique, 3D transport-based morphometry (TBM), to extract the structural brain changes linked to genetic copy number variation (CNV) at the 16p11.2 region. We identified two distinct endophenotypes. In data from the Simons Variation in Individuals Project, detection of these endophenotypes enabled 89 to 95% test accuracy in predicting 16p11.2 CNV from brain images alone. Then, TBM enabled direct visualization of the endophenotypes driving accurate prediction, revealing dose-dependent brain changes among deletion and duplication carriers. These endophenotypes are sensitive to articulation disorders and explain a portion of the intelligence quotient variability. Genetic stratification combined with TBM could reveal new brain endophenotypes in many neurodevelopmental disorders, accelerating precision medicine, and understanding of human neurodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjini Kundu
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Haris Sair
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Elliott H. Sherr
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Pratik Mukherjee
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Gustavo K. Rohde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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Leone R, Zuglian C, Brambilla R, Morella I. Understanding copy number variations through their genes: a molecular view on 16p11.2 deletion and duplication syndromes. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1407865. [PMID: 38948459 PMCID: PMC11211608 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1407865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) include a broad spectrum of pathological conditions that affect >4% of children worldwide, share common features and present a variegated genetic origin. They include clinically defined diseases, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), motor disorders such as Tics and Tourette's syndromes, but also much more heterogeneous conditions like intellectual disability (ID) and epilepsy. Schizophrenia (SCZ) has also recently been proposed to belong to NDDs. Relatively common causes of NDDs are copy number variations (CNVs), characterised by the gain or the loss of a portion of a chromosome. In this review, we focus on deletions and duplications at the 16p11.2 chromosomal region, associated with NDDs, ID, ASD but also epilepsy and SCZ. Some of the core phenotypes presented by human carriers could be recapitulated in animal and cellular models, which also highlighted prominent neurophysiological and signalling alterations underpinning 16p11.2 CNVs-associated phenotypes. In this review, we also provide an overview of the genes within the 16p11.2 locus, including those with partially known or unknown function as well as non-coding RNAs. A particularly interesting interplay was observed between MVP and MAPK3 in modulating some of the pathological phenotypes associated with the 16p11.2 deletion. Elucidating their role in intracellular signalling and their functional links will be a key step to devise novel therapeutic strategies for 16p11.2 CNVs-related syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Leone
- Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Zuglian
- Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Pavia, Italy
- Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Morella
- Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Kim J, Vanrobaeys Y, Kelvington B, Peterson Z, Baldwin E, Gaine ME, Nickl-Jockschat T, Abel T. Dissecting 16p11.2 hemi-deletion to study sex-specific striatal phenotypes of neurodevelopmental disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1310-1321. [PMID: 38278994 PMCID: PMC11189748 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are polygenic in nature and copy number variants (CNVs) are ideal candidates to study the nature of this polygenic risk. The disruption of striatal circuits is considered a central mechanism in NDDs. The 16p11.2 hemi-deletion (16p11.2 del/+) is one of the most common CNVs associated with NDD, and 16p11.2 del/+ mice show sex-specific striatum-related behavioral phenotypes. However, the critical genes among the 27 genes in the 16p11.2 region that underlie these phenotypes remain unknown. Previously, we applied a novel strategy to identify candidate genes associated with the sex-specific phenotypes of 16p11.2 del/+ mice and highlighted three genes within the deleted region: thousand and one amino acid protein kinase 2 (Taok2), seizure-related 6 homolog-like 2 (Sez6l2), and major vault protein (Mvp). Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated mice carrying null mutations in Taok2, Sez6l2, and Mvp (3 gene hemi-deletion (3g del/+)). Hemi-deletion of these 3 genes recapitulates sex-specific behavioral alterations in striatum-dependent behavioral tasks observed in 16p11.2 del/+ mice, specifically male-specific hyperactivity and impaired motivation for reward seeking. Moreover, RNAseq analysis revealed that 3g del/+ mice exhibit gene expression changes in the striatum similar to 16p11.2 del/+ mice exclusively in males. Subsequent analysis identified translation dysregulation and/or extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling as plausible molecular mechanisms underlying male-specific, striatum-dependent behavioral alterations. Interestingly, ribosomal profiling supported the notion of translation dysregulation in both 3g del/+ and 16p11.2 del/+ male mice. However, mice carrying a 4-gene deletion (with an additional deletion of Mapk3) exhibited fewer phenotypic similarities with 16p11.2 del/+ mice. Together, the mutation of 3 genes within the 16p11.2 region phenocopies striatal sex-specific phenotypes of 16p11.2 del/+ mice. These results support the importance of a polygenic approach to study NDDs and underscore that the effects of the large genetic deletions result from complex interactions between multiple candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekyoon Kim
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Yann Vanrobaeys
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Benjamin Kelvington
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Zeru Peterson
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Emily Baldwin
- The Iowa Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Marie E Gaine
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Thomas Nickl-Jockschat
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA.
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA.
| | - Ted Abel
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA.
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA.
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Prem S, Dev B, Peng C, Mehta M, Alibutud R, Connacher RJ, St Thomas M, Zhou X, Matteson P, Xing J, Millonig JH, DiCicco-Bloom E. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling mediates common neurite and migration defects in both idiopathic and 16p11.2 deletion autism neural precursor cells. eLife 2024; 13:e82809. [PMID: 38525876 PMCID: PMC11003747 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined by common behavioral characteristics, raising the possibility of shared pathogenic mechanisms. Yet, vast clinical and etiological heterogeneity suggests personalized phenotypes. Surprisingly, our iPSC studies find that six individuals from two distinct ASD subtypes, idiopathic and 16p11.2 deletion, have common reductions in neural precursor cell (NPC) neurite outgrowth and migration even though whole genome sequencing demonstrates no genetic overlap between the datasets. To identify signaling differences that may contribute to these developmental defects, an unbiased phospho-(p)-proteome screen was performed. Surprisingly despite the genetic heterogeneity, hundreds of shared p-peptides were identified between autism subtypes including the mTOR pathway. mTOR signaling alterations were confirmed in all NPCs across both ASD subtypes, and mTOR modulation rescued ASD phenotypes and reproduced autism NPC-associated phenotypes in control NPCs. Thus, our studies demonstrate that genetically distinct ASD subtypes have common defects in neurite outgrowth and migration which are driven by the shared pathogenic mechanism of mTOR signaling dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Prem
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Bharati Dev
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Cynthia Peng
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Monal Mehta
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Rohan Alibutud
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Robert J Connacher
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Madeline St Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Paul Matteson
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Jinchuan Xing
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - James H Millonig
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Emanuel DiCicco-Bloom
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickUnited States
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Maillard AM, Romascano D, Villalón-Reina JE, Moreau CA, Almeida Osório JM, Richetin S, Junod V, Yu P, Misic B, Thompson PM, Fornari E, Gygax MJ, Jacquemont S, Chabane N, Rodríguez-Herreros B. Pervasive alterations of intra-axonal volume and network organization in young children with a 16p11.2 deletion. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:95. [PMID: 38355713 PMCID: PMC10866898 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal Copy Number Variants (CNVs) at the 16p11.2 locus confer high risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Morphometric MRI studies have revealed large and pervasive volumetric alterations in carriers of a 16p11.2 deletion. However, the specific neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying such alterations, as well as their developmental trajectory, are still poorly understood. Here we explored differences in microstructural brain connectivity between 24 children carrying a 16p11.2 deletion and 66 typically developing (TD) children between 2 and 8 years of age. We found a large pervasive increase of intra-axonal volume widespread over a high number of white matter tracts. Such microstructural alterations in 16p11.2 deletion children were already present at an early age, and led to significant changes in the global efficiency and integration of brain networks mainly associated to language, motricity and socio-emotional behavior, although the widespread pattern made it unlikely to represent direct functional correlates. Our results shed light on the neuroanatomical basis of the previously reported increase of white matter volume, and align well with analogous evidence of altered axonal diameter and synaptic function in 16p11.2 mice models. We provide evidence of a prevalent mechanistic deviation from typical maturation of brain structural connectivity associated with a specific biological risk to develop ASD. Future work is warranted to determine how this deviation contributes to the emergence of symptoms observed in young children diagnosed with ASD and other NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Maillard
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Département de psychiatrie, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Romascano
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Département de psychiatrie, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julio E Villalón-Reina
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Clara A Moreau
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Joana M Almeida Osório
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Département de psychiatrie, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Richetin
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Département de psychiatrie, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Junod
- Unité de Neurologie et neuroréhabilitation pédiatrique, Département femme-mère-enfant, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paola Yu
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Département de psychiatrie, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Eleonora Fornari
- Biomedical Imaging Center (CIBM), Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marine Jequier Gygax
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Département de psychiatrie, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadia Chabane
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Département de psychiatrie, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Borja Rodríguez-Herreros
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Département de psychiatrie, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Pollak RM, Burrell TL, Cubells JF, Klaiman C, Murphy MM, Saulnier CA, Walker EF, White SP, Mulle JG. Adaptive behaviour deficits in individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2024; 68:113-127. [PMID: 37740553 PMCID: PMC10843465 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3q29 deletion syndrome (3q29del) is associated with a significantly increased risk for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Mild to moderate intellectual disability (ID) is common in this population, and previous work by our team identified substantial deficits in adaptive behaviour. However, the full profile of adaptive function in 3q29del has not been described nor has it been compared with other genomic syndromes associated with elevated risk for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric phenotypes. METHODS Individuals with 3q29del (n = 32, 62.5% male) were evaluated using the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales, Third Edition, Comprehensive Parent/Caregiver Form (Vineland-3). We explored the relationship between adaptive behaviour and cognitive function, executive function, and neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric comorbidities in our 3q29del study sample, and we compared subjects with 3q29del with published data on fragile X syndrome, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and 16p11.2 deletion and duplication syndromes. RESULTS Individuals with 3q29del had global deficits in adaptive behaviour that were not driven by specific weaknesses in any given domain. Individual neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric diagnoses had a small effect on adaptive behaviour, and the cumulative number of comorbid diagnoses was significantly negatively associated with Vineland-3 performance. Both cognitive ability and executive function were significantly associated with adaptive behaviour, and executive function was a better predictor of Vineland-3 performance than cognitive ability. Finally, the severity of adaptive behaviour deficits in 3q29del was distinct from previously published data on comparable genomic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with 3q29del have significant deficits in adaptive behaviour, affecting all domains assessed by the Vineland-3. Executive function is a better predictor of adaptive behaviour than cognitive ability in this population and suggests that interventions targeting executive function may be an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Pollak
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - T L Burrell
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J F Cubells
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Klaiman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M M Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C A Saulnier
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Neurodevelopmental Assessment & Consulting Services, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S P White
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J G Mulle
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Forrest MP, Penzes P. Mechanisms of copy number variants in neuropsychiatric disorders: From genes to therapeutics. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 82:102750. [PMID: 37515924 PMCID: PMC10529795 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) are genomic imbalances strongly linked to the aetiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. By virtue of their large size, CNVs often contain many genes, providing a multi-genic view of disease processes that can be dissected in model systems. Thus, CNV research provides an important stepping stone towards understanding polygenic disease mechanisms, positioned between monogenic and polygenic risk models. In this review, we will outline hypothetical models for gene interactions occurring within CNVs and discuss different approaches used to study rodent and stem cell disease models. We highlight recent work showing that genetic and pharmacological strategies can be used to rescue important aspects of CNV-mediated pathophysiology, which often converges onto synaptic pathways. We propose that using a rescue approach in complete CNV models provides a new path forward for precise mechanistic understanding of complex disorders and a tangible route towards therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Forrest
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Wang H, Makowski C, Zhang Y, Qi A, Kaufmann T, Smeland OB, Fiecas M, Yang J, Visscher PM, Chen CH. Chromosomal inversion polymorphisms shape human brain morphology. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112896. [PMID: 37505983 PMCID: PMC10508191 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of chromosomal inversions on human brain morphology remains underexplored. We studied 35 common inversions classified from genotypes of 33,018 adults with European ancestry. The inversions at 2p22.3, 16p11.2, and 17q21.31 reach genome-wide significance, followed by 8p23.1 and 6p21.33, in their association with cortical and subcortical morphology. The 17q21.31, 8p23.1, and 16p11.2 regions comprise the LRRC37, OR7E, and NPIP duplicated gene families. We find the 17q21.31 MAPT inversion region, known for harboring neurological risk, to be the most salient locus among common variants for shaping and patterning the cortex. Overall, we observe the inverted orientations decreasing brain size, with the exception that the 2p22.3 inversion is associated with increased subcortical volume and the 8p23.1 inversion is associated with increased motor cortex. These significant inversions are in the genomic hotspots of neuropsychiatric loci. Our findings are generalizable to 3,472 children and demonstrate inversions as essential genetic variation to understand human brain phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carolina Makowski
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yanxiao Zhang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Anna Qi
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav B Smeland
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mark Fiecas
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Dawes P, Murray LF, Olson MN, Barton NJ, Smullen M, Suresh M, Yan G, Zhang Y, Fernandez-Fontaine A, English J, Uddin M, Pak C, Church GM, Chan Y, Lim ET. oFlowSeq: a quantitative approach to identify protein coding mutations affecting cell type enrichment using mosaic CRISPR-Cas9 edited cerebral organoids. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1281-1291. [PMID: 36877372 PMCID: PMC10807401 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral organoids are comprised of diverse cell types found in the developing human brain, and can be leveraged in the identification of critical cell types perturbed by genetic risk variants in common, neuropsychiatric disorders. There is great interest in developing high-throughput technologies to associate genetic variants with cell types. Here, we describe a high-throughput, quantitative approach (oFlowSeq) by utilizing CRISPR-Cas9, FACS sorting, and next-generation sequencing. Using oFlowSeq, we found that deleterious mutations in autism-associated gene KCTD13 resulted in increased proportions of Nestin+ cells and decreased proportions of TRA-1-60+ cells within mosaic cerebral organoids. We further identified that a locus-wide CRISPR-Cas9 survey of another 18 genes in the 16p11.2 locus resulted in most genes with > 2% maximum editing efficiencies for short and long indels, suggesting a high feasibility for an unbiased, locus-wide experiment using oFlowSeq. Our approach presents a novel method to identify genotype-to-cell type imbalances in an unbiased, high-throughput, quantitative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pepper Dawes
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Liam F Murray
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Meagan N Olson
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Barton
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Molly Smullen
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Madhusoodhanan Suresh
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Guang Yan
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Aria Fernandez-Fontaine
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jay English
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Mohammed Uddin
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
- Cellular Intelligence (Ci) Lab, GenomeArc Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - ChangHui Pak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - George M Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yingleong Chan
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Elaine T Lim
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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Salim S, Hussain S, Banu A, Gowda SBM, Ahammad F, Alwa A, Pasha M, Mohammad F. The ortholog of human ssDNA-binding protein SSBP3 influences neurodevelopment and autism-like behaviors in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002210. [PMID: 37486945 PMCID: PMC10399856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
1p32.3 microdeletion/duplication is implicated in many neurodevelopmental disorders-like phenotypes such as developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism, macro/microcephaly, and dysmorphic features. The 1p32.3 chromosomal region harbors several genes critical for development; however, their validation and characterization remain inadequate. One such gene is the single-stranded DNA-binding protein 3 (SSBP3) and its Drosophila melanogaster ortholog is called sequence-specific single-stranded DNA-binding protein (Ssdp). Here, we investigated consequences of Ssdp manipulations on neurodevelopment, gene expression, physiological function, and autism-associated behaviors using Drosophila models. We found that SSBP3 and Ssdp are expressed in excitatory neurons in the brain. Ssdp overexpression caused morphological alterations in Drosophila wing, mechanosensory bristles, and head. Ssdp manipulations also affected the neuropil brain volume and glial cell number in larvae and adult flies. Moreover, Ssdp overexpression led to differential changes in synaptic density in specific brain regions. We observed decreased levels of armadillo in the heads of Ssdp overexpressing flies, as well as a decrease in armadillo and wingless expression in the larval wing discs, implicating the involvement of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in Ssdp functionality. RNA sequencing revealed perturbation of oxidative stress-related pathways in heads of Ssdp overexpressing flies. Furthermore, Ssdp overexpressing brains showed enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS), altered neuronal mitochondrial morphology, and up-regulated fission and fusion genes. Flies with elevated levels of Ssdp exhibited heightened anxiety-like behavior, altered decisiveness, defective sensory perception and habituation, abnormal social interaction, and feeding defects, which were phenocopied in the pan-neuronal Ssdp knockdown flies, suggesting that Ssdp is dosage sensitive. Partial rescue of behavioral defects was observed upon normalization of Ssdp levels. Notably, Ssdp knockdown exclusively in adult flies did not produce behavioral and functional defects. Finally, we show that optogenetic manipulation of Ssdp-expressing neurons altered autism-associated behaviors. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that Ssdp, a dosage-sensitive gene in the 1p32.3 chromosomal region, is associated with various anatomical, physiological, and behavioral defects, which may be relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders like autism. Our study proposes SSBP3 as a critical gene in the 1p32.3 microdeletion/duplication genomic region and sheds light on the functional role of Ssdp in neurodevelopmental processes in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Salim
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Sadam Hussain
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayesha Banu
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Swetha B. M. Gowda
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Foysal Ahammad
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Amira Alwa
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Mujaheed Pasha
- HBKU Core Labs, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU): Doha, Qatar
| | - Farhan Mohammad
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
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12
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Pretzsch CM, Ecker C. Structural neuroimaging phenotypes and associated molecular and genomic underpinnings in autism: a review. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1172779. [PMID: 37457001 PMCID: PMC10347684 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1172779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism has been associated with differences in the developmental trajectories of multiple neuroanatomical features, including cortical thickness, surface area, cortical volume, measures of gyrification, and the gray-white matter tissue contrast. These neuroimaging features have been proposed as intermediate phenotypes on the gradient from genomic variation to behavioral symptoms. Hence, examining what these proxy markers represent, i.e., disentangling their associated molecular and genomic underpinnings, could provide crucial insights into the etiology and pathophysiology of autism. In line with this, an increasing number of studies are exploring the association between neuroanatomical, cellular/molecular, and (epi)genetic variation in autism, both indirectly and directly in vivo and across age. In this review, we aim to summarize the existing literature in autism (and neurotypicals) to chart a putative pathway from (i) imaging-derived neuroanatomical cortical phenotypes to (ii) underlying (neuropathological) biological processes, and (iii) associated genomic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M. Pretzsch
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Ecker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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13
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Pollak RM, Burrell TL, Cubells JF, Klaiman C, Murphy MM, Saulnier CA, Walker EF, White SP, Mulle JG. Adaptive behavior deficits in individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.31.23288022. [PMID: 37066139 PMCID: PMC10104221 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.31.23288022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Background 3q29 deletion syndrome (3q29del) is associated with a significantly increased risk for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Mild to moderate intellectual disability (ID) is common in this population, and previous work by our team identified substantial deficits in adaptive behavior. However, the full profile of adaptive function in 3q29del has not been described, nor has it been compared to other genomic syndromes associated with elevated risk for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Methods Individuals with 3q29del (n=32, 62.5% male) were evaluated using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition, Comprehensive Parent/Caregiver Form (Vineland-3). We explored the relationship between adaptive behavior and cognitive function, executive function, and neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric comorbidities in our 3q29del study sample, and we compared subjects with 3q29del to published data on Fragile X syndrome, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, and 16p11.2 deletion and duplication syndromes. Results Individuals with 3q29del had global deficits in adaptive behavior that were not driven by specific weaknesses in any given domain. Individual neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric diagnoses had a small effect on adaptive behavior, and the cumulative number of comorbid diagnoses was significantly negatively associated with Vineland-3 performance. Both cognitive ability and executive function were significantly associated with adaptive behavior, and executive function was a better predictor of Vineland-3 performance than cognitive ability. Finally, the severity of adaptive behavior deficits in 3q29del was distinct from previously published data on comparable genomic disorders. Conclusions Individuals with 3q29del have significant deficits in adaptive behavior, affecting all domains assessed by the Vineland-3. Executive function is a better predictor of adaptive behavior than cognitive ability in this population and suggests that interventions targeting executive function may be an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Pollak
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University
| | | | - Joseph F Cubells
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, Emory University
| | - Cheryl Klaiman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University
| | | | - Celine A Saulnier
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University
- Neurodevelopmental Assessment & Consulting Services
| | | | - Stormi Pulver White
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University
| | - Jennifer G Mulle
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University
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14
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Abel T, Kim J, Vanrobaeys Y, Peterson Z, Kelvington B, Gaine M, Nickl-Jockschat T. Dissecting 16p11.2 hemi-deletion to study sex-specific striatal phenotypes of neurodevelopmental disorders. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2565823. [PMID: 36824977 PMCID: PMC9949238 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2565823/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are polygenic in nature and copy number variants (CNVs) are ideal candidates to study the nature of this polygenic risk. The disruption of striatal circuits is considered a central mechanism in NDDs. The 16p11.2 hemi-deletion (16p11.2 del) is one of the most common CNVs associated with NDD, and 16p11.2 del/+ mice show sex-specific striatum-related behavioral phenotypes. However, the critical genes among the 27 genes in the 16p11.2 region that underlie these phenotypes remain unknown. Previously, we applied a novel strategy to identify candidate genes associated with the sex-specific phenotypes of 16p11.2 del/+ mice and identified 3 genes of particular importance within the deleted region: thousand and one amino acid protein kinase 2 (Taok2), seizure-related 6 homolog-like 2 (Sez6l2), and major vault protein (Mvp). Using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we generated 3 gene hemi-deletion (3g del/+) mice carrying null mutations in Taok2, Sez6l2, and Mvp. We assessed striatum-dependent phenotypes of these 3g del/+ mice in behavioral, molecular, and imaging studies. Hemi-deletion of Taok2, Sez6l2, and Mvp induces sex-specific behavioral alterations in striatum-dependent behavioral tasks, specifically male-specific hyperactivity and impaired motivation for reward seeking, resembling behavioral phenotypes of 16p11.2 del/+ mice. Moreover, RNAseq analysis revealed that 3g del/+ mice exhibit gene expression changes in the striatum similar to 16p11.2 del/+ mice, but only in males. Pathway analysis identified ribosomal dysfunction and translation dysregulation as molecular mechanisms underlying male-specific, striatum-dependent behavioral alterations. Together, the mutation of 3 genes within the 16p11.2 region phenocopies striatal sex-specific phenotypes of 16p11.2 del/+ mice, unlike single gene mutation studies. These results support the importance of a polygenic approach to study NDDs and our novel strategy to identify genes of interest using gene expression patterns in brain regions, such as the striatum, which are impacted in these disorders.
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15
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Fetit R, Barbato MI, Theil T, Pratt T, Price DJ. 16p11.2 deletion accelerates subpallial maturation and increases variability in human iPSC-derived ventral telencephalic organoids. Development 2023; 150:dev201227. [PMID: 36826401 PMCID: PMC10110424 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory interneurons regulate cortical circuit activity, and their dysfunction has been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). 16p11.2 microdeletions are genetically linked to 1% of ASD cases. However, few studies investigate the effects of this microdeletion on interneuron development. Using ventral telencephalic organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, we have investigated the effect of this microdeletion on organoid size, progenitor proliferation and organisation into neural rosettes, ganglionic eminence marker expression at early developmental timepoints, and expression of the neuronal marker NEUN at later stages. At early stages, deletion organoids exhibited greater variations in size with concomitant increases in relative neural rosette area and the expression of the ventral telencephalic marker COUPTFII, with increased variability in these properties. Cell cycle analysis revealed an increase in total cell cycle length caused primarily by an elongated G1 phase, the duration of which also varied more than normal. At later stages, deletion organoids increased their NEUN expression. We propose that 16p11.2 microdeletions increase developmental variability and may contribute to ASD aetiology by lengthening the cell cycle of ventral progenitors, promoting premature differentiation into interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Fetit
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Michela Ilaria Barbato
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Thomas Theil
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Thomas Pratt
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - David J. Price
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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16
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Kim J, Vanrobaeys Y, Peterson Z, Kelvington B, Gaine ME, Nickl-Jockschat T, Abel T. Dissecting 16p11.2 hemi-deletion to study sex-specific striatal phenotypes of neurodevelopmental disorders. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.09.527866. [PMID: 36798381 PMCID: PMC9934710 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.527866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are polygenic in nature and copy number variants (CNVs) are ideal candidates to study the nature of this polygenic risk. The disruption of striatal circuits is considered a central mechanism in NDDs. The 16p11.2 hemi-deletion (16p11.2 del) is one of the most common CNVs associated with NDD, and 16p11.2 del/+ mice show sex-specific striatum-related behavioral phenotypes. However, the critical genes among the 27 genes in the 16p11.2 region that underlie these phenotypes remain unknown. Previously, we applied a novel strategy to identify candidate genes associated with the sex-specific phenotypes of 16p11.2 del/+ mice and identified 3 genes of particular importance within the deleted region: thousand and one amino acid protein kinase 2 ( Taok2 ), seizure-related 6 homolog-like 2 ( Sez6l2 ), and major vault protein ( Mvp ). Using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we generated 3 gene hemi-deletion (3g del/+) mice carrying null mutations in Taok2, Sez6l2 , and Mvp . We assessed striatum-dependent phenotypes of these 3g del/+ mice in behavioral, molecular, and imaging studies. Hemi-deletion of Taok2, Sez6l2 , and Mvp induces sex-specific behavioral alterations in striatum-dependent behavioral tasks, specifically male-specific hyperactivity and impaired motivation for reward seeking, resembling behavioral phenotypes of 16p11.2 del/+ mice. Moreover, RNAseq analysis revealed that 3g del/+ mice exhibit gene expression changes in the striatum similar to 16p11.2 del/+ mice, but only in males. Pathway analysis identified ribosomal dysfunction and translation dysregulation as molecular mechanisms underlying male-specific, striatum-dependent behavioral alterations. Together, the mutation of 3 genes within the 16p11.2 region phenocopies striatal sex-specific phenotypes of 16p11.2 del/+ mice, unlike single gene mutation studies. These results support the importance of a polygenic approach to study NDDs and our novel strategy to identify genes of interest using gene expression patterns in brain regions, such as the striatum, which are impacted in these disorders.
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17
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Yang Y, Booker SA, Clegg JM, Quintana-Urzainqui I, Sumera A, Kozic Z, Dando O, Martin Lorenzo S, Herault Y, Kind PC, Price DJ, Pratt T. Identifying foetal forebrain interneurons as a target for monogenic autism risk factors and the polygenic 16p11.2 microdeletion. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:5. [PMID: 36658491 PMCID: PMC9850541 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum condition or 'autism' is associated with numerous genetic risk factors including the polygenic 16p11.2 microdeletion. The balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the cerebral cortex is hypothesised to be critical for the aetiology of autism making improved understanding of how risk factors impact on the development of these cells an important area of research. In the current study we aim to combine bioinformatics analysis of human foetal cerebral cortex gene expression data with anatomical and electrophysiological analysis of a 16p11.2+/- rat model to investigate how genetic risk factors impact on inhibitory neuron development. METHODS We performed bioinformatics analysis of single cell transcriptomes from gestational week (GW) 8-26 human foetal prefrontal cortex and anatomical and electrophysiological analysis of 16p11.2+/- rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus at post-natal day (P) 21. RESULTS We identified a subset of human interneurons (INs) first appearing at GW23 with enriched expression of a large fraction of risk factor transcripts including those expressed from the 16p11.2 locus. This suggests the hypothesis that these foetal INs are vulnerable to mutations causing autism. We investigated this in a rat model of the 16p11.2 microdeletion. We found no change in the numbers or position of either excitatory or inhibitory neurons in the somatosensory cortex or CA1 of 16p11.2+/- rats but found that CA1 Sst INs were hyperexcitable with an enlarged axon initial segment, which was not the case for CA1 pyramidal cells. LIMITATIONS The human foetal gene expression data was acquired from cerebral cortex between gestational week (GW) 8 to 26. We cannot draw inferences about potential vulnerabilities to genetic autism risk factors for cells not present in the developing cerebral cortex at these stages. The analysis 16p11.2+/- rat phenotypes reported in the current study was restricted to 3-week old (P21) animals around the time of weaning and to a single interneuron cell-type while in human 16p11.2 microdeletion carriers symptoms likely involve multiple cell types and manifest in the first few years of life and on into adulthood. CONCLUSIONS We have identified developing interneurons in human foetal cerebral cortex as potentially vulnerable to monogenic autism risk factors and the 16p11.2 microdeletion and report interneuron phenotypes in post-natal 16p11.2+/- rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Yang
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom.,Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Sam A Booker
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - James M Clegg
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Idoia Quintana-Urzainqui
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom.,Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69012, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Sumera
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Zrinko Kozic
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Owen Dando
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Martin Lorenzo
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Yann Herault
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Peter C Kind
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - David J Price
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Pratt
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom. .,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom.
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18
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Jiménez-Romero MS, Fernández-Urquiza M, Benítez-Burraco A. Language and Communication Deficits in Chromosome 16p11.2 Deletion Syndrome. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:4724-4740. [PMID: 36410413 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chromosome 16p11.2 deletion syndrome (OMIM #611913) is a rare genetic condition resulting from the partial deletion of approximately 35 genes located at Chromosome 16. Affected people exhibit a variable clinical profile, featuring mild dysmorphisms, motor problems, developmental delay, mild intellectual disability (ID), socialization deficits and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) traits, and problems with language. Specifically, a precise characterization of the speech, language, and communication (dis)abilities of people with this condition is still pending. METHOD We used standardized tests and samples of naturalistic speech to provide a longitudinal profile of the speech, language, and communication problems of a boy with Chromosome 16p11.2 deletion syndrome and without ID or ASD. RESULTS The proband shows impaired expressive abilities as well as problems with receptive language, dysprosody, and ASD-like communication deficits, such as impaired interactive skills, perseverative verbal behavior, overabundance of tangential responses, and lack of metapragmatic awareness and communicative use of gaze, meeting the criteria for social pragmatic communication disorder. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the view that language and communication impairment should be regarded as one core symptom of Chromosome 16p11.2 deletion syndrome, even without a diagnosis of ASD or ID. Clinical implications of our results, with a focus on therapeutic interventions for children with 16p11.2 deletion syndrome and no ASD or ID, are also discussed. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21561714.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Benítez-Burraco
- Department of Spanish, Linguistics, and Theory of Literature (Linguistics), Faculty of Philology, University of Seville, Spain
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19
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Bastos GC, Tolezano GC, Krepischi ACV. Rare CNVs and Known Genes Linked to Macrocephaly: Review of Genomic Loci and Promising Candidate Genes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122285. [PMID: 36553552 PMCID: PMC9778424 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocephaly frequently occurs in single-gene disorders affecting the PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway; however, epigenetic mutations, mosaicism, and copy number variations (CNVs) are emerging relevant causative factors, revealing a higher genetic heterogeneity than previously expected. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of rare CNVs in patients with macrocephaly and review genomic loci and known genes. We retrieved from the DECIPHER database de novo <500 kb CNVs reported on patients with macrocephaly; in four cases, a candidate gene for macrocephaly could be pinpointed: a known microcephaly gene-TRAPPC9, and three genes based on their functional roles-RALGAPB, RBMS3, and ZDHHC14. From the literature review, 28 pathogenic CNV genomic loci and over 300 known genes linked to macrocephaly were gathered. Among the genomic regions, 17 CNV loci (~61%) exhibited mirror phenotypes, that is, deletions and duplications having opposite effects on head size. Identifying structural variants affecting head size can be a preeminent source of information about pathways underlying brain development. In this study, we reviewed these genes and recurrent CNV loci associated with macrocephaly, as well as suggested novel potential candidate genes deserving further studies to endorse their involvement with this phenotype.
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20
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Scharrenberg R, Richter M, Johanns O, Meka DP, Rücker T, Murtaza N, Lindenmaier Z, Ellegood J, Naumann A, Zhao B, Schwanke B, Sedlacik J, Fiehler J, Hanganu-Opatz IL, Lerch JP, Singh KK, de Anda FC. TAOK2 rescues autism-linked developmental deficits in a 16p11.2 microdeletion mouse model. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4707-4721. [PMID: 36123424 PMCID: PMC9734055 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The precise development of the neocortex is a prerequisite for higher cognitive and associative functions. Despite numerous advances that have been made in understanding neuronal differentiation and cortex development, our knowledge regarding the impact of specific genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders on these processes is still limited. Here, we show that Taok2, which is encoded in humans within the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) susceptibility locus 16p11.2, is essential for neuronal migration. Overexpression of de novo mutations or rare variants from ASD patients disrupts neuronal migration in an isoform-specific manner. The mutated TAOK2α variants but not the TAOK2β variants impaired neuronal migration. Moreover, the TAOK2α isoform colocalizes with microtubules. Consequently, neurons lacking Taok2 have unstable microtubules with reduced levels of acetylated tubulin and phosphorylated JNK1. Mice lacking Taok2 develop gross cortical and cortex layering abnormalities. Moreover, acute Taok2 downregulation or Taok2 knockout delayed the migration of upper-layer cortical neurons in mice, and the expression of a constitutively active form of JNK1 rescued these neuronal migration defects. Finally, we report that the brains of the Taok2 KO and 16p11.2 del Het mouse models show striking anatomical similarities and that the heterozygous 16p11.2 microdeletion mouse model displayed reduced levels of phosphorylated JNK1 and neuronal migration deficits, which were ameliorated upon the introduction of TAOK2α in cortical neurons and in the developing cortex of those mice. These results delineate the critical role of TAOK2 in cortical development and its contribution to neurodevelopmental disorders, including ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Scharrenberg
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Richter
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ole Johanns
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Durga Praveen Meka
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tabitha Rücker
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadeem Murtaza
- Krembil Research Institute, Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4A9, Canada
| | - Zsuzsa Lindenmaier
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Anne Naumann
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bing Zhao
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Schwanke
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Sedlacik
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ileana L Hanganu-Opatz
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Karun K Singh
- Krembil Research Institute, Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Froylan Calderon de Anda
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
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21
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Sen K, Genser I, DiFazio M, DiSabella M. Haploinsufficiency of PRRT2 Leading to Familial Hemiplegic Migraine in Chromosome 16p11.2 Deletion Syndrome. Neuropediatrics 2022; 53:279-282. [PMID: 35617967 DOI: 10.1055/a-1863-1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Microdeletion in the 16p11.2 loci lead to a distinct neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder in addition to dysmorphia, macrocephaly, and increased body mass index. One of the deleted genes in this region is PRRT2 which codes for proline-rich transmembrane protein 2. Heterozygous variants in PRRT2 cause four distinct neurological disorders including benign familial infantile epilepsy (BFIE), paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), PKD with infantile convulsions, and familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM). A 13-year-old male with a known history of 16p11.2 deletion and resultant cognitive delay presented with sudden onset of headache, left-sided weakness, facial droop, and aphasia concerning for acute ischemic stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed urgently which did not reveal any acute processes and his presentation met criteria for hemiplegic migraine. There have been reports of PKD and BFIE in this microdeletion syndrome; however, our proband is the first case that presented with FHM related to haploinsufficiency of PRRT2. This report highlights the importance of counseling patient families regarding acute paroxysmal presentations in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Sen
- Division of Neurogenetics and Developmental Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Ilyse Genser
- Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Marc DiFazio
- Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Marc DiSabella
- Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
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22
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Li M, Liu L, Wu Y, Guan J. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of an inherited microdeletion of chromosome 16p11.2. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221109400. [PMID: 35808818 PMCID: PMC9274417 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) in chromosome 16p11.2 (deletions and duplications) are not rare. 16p11.2 microdeletion is among the most commonly known genetic etiologies of autism spectrum disorder, overweightness, and related neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we report the prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of a maternally inherited 16p11.2 microdeletion. In this family, the mother and fetus both have a normal phenotype and the same microdeletion. Following the use of molecular genetic techniques, including array-based methods, the number of reported cases has rapidly increased. The combination of prenatal ultrasound, karyotype analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and genetic counseling is helpful for the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal microdeletions/microduplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yijun Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xiaogan, Xiaogan, Hubei, PR China
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23
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Lim ET, Chan Y, Dawes P, Guo X, Erdin S, Tai DJC, Liu S, Reichert JM, Burns MJ, Chan YK, Chiang JJ, Meyer K, Zhang X, Walsh CA, Yankner BA, Raychaudhuri S, Hirschhorn JN, Gusella JF, Talkowski ME, Church GM. Orgo-Seq integrates single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data to identify cell type specific-driver genes associated with autism spectrum disorder. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3243. [PMID: 35688811 PMCID: PMC9187732 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral organoids can be used to gain insights into cell type specific processes perturbed by genetic variants associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. However, robust and scalable phenotyping of organoids remains challenging. Here, we perform RNA sequencing on 71 samples comprising 1,420 cerebral organoids from 25 donors, and describe a framework (Orgo-Seq) to integrate bulk RNA and single-cell RNA sequence data. We apply Orgo-Seq to 16p11.2 deletions and 15q11-13 duplications, two loci associated with autism spectrum disorder, to identify immature neurons and intermediate progenitor cells as critical cell types for 16p11.2 deletions. We further applied Orgo-Seq to identify cell type-specific driver genes. Our work presents a quantitative phenotyping framework to integrate multi-transcriptomic datasets for the identification of cell types and cell type-specific co-expressed driver genes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine T Lim
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA. .,NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA. .,Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Yingleong Chan
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.,NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Pepper Dawes
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.,NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Xiaoge Guo
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineerin, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Serkan Erdin
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Derek J C Tai
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Songlei Liu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineerin, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Julia M Reichert
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.,NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Mannix J Burns
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.,NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ying Kai Chan
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineerin, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jessica J Chiang
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineerin, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Katharina Meyer
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaochang Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,The Grossman Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce A Yankner
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA.,Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Division of Rheumatology and Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - James F Gusella
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA
| | - George M Church
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineerin, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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24
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Connacher R, Williams M, Prem S, Yeung PL, Matteson P, Mehta M, Markov A, Peng C, Zhou X, McDermott CR, Pang ZP, Flax J, Brzustowicz L, Lu CW, Millonig JH, DiCicco-Bloom E. Autism NPCs from both idiopathic and CNV 16p11.2 deletion patients exhibit dysregulation of proliferation and mitogenic responses. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1380-1394. [PMID: 35623351 PMCID: PMC9214070 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural precursor cell (NPC) dysfunction has been consistently implicated in autism. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NPCs from two autism groups (three idiopathic [I-ASD] and two 16p11.2 deletion [16pDel]) were used to investigate if proliferation is commonly disrupted. All five individuals display defects, with all three macrocephalic individuals (two 16pDel, one I-ASD) exhibiting hyperproliferation and the other two I-ASD subjects displaying hypoproliferation. NPCs were challenged with bFGF, and all hyperproliferative NPCs displayed blunted responses, while responses were increased in hypoproliferative cells. mRNA expression studies suggest that different pathways can result in similar proliferation phenotypes. Since 16pDel deletes MAPK3, P-ERK was measured. P-ERK is decreased in hyperproliferative but increased in hypoproliferative NPCs. While these P-ERK changes are not responsible for the phenotypes, P-ERK and bFGF response are inversely correlated with the defects. Finally, we analyzed iPSCs and discovered that 16pDel displays hyperproliferation, while idiopathic iPSCs were normal. These data suggest that NPC proliferation defects are common in ASD. NPC proliferation defects are common in idiopathic and 16p11.2 CNV-deletion ASD All macrocephalic I-ASD and 16pDel individuals have hyperproliferative NPCs NPC proliferative responses to bFGF correlate inversely with P-ERK levels Both NPCs and IPSCs derived from 16pDel individuals exhibit hyperproliferation
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Connacher
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Madeline Williams
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Smrithi Prem
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Percy L Yeung
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Paul Matteson
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Monal Mehta
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Anna Markov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Cynthia Peng
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Courtney R McDermott
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Zhiping P Pang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Judy Flax
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Che-Wei Lu
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - James H Millonig
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Emanuel DiCicco-Bloom
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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25
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Tomasello DL, Kim JL, Khodour Y, McCammon JM, Mitalipova M, Jaenisch R, Futerman AH, Sive H. 16pdel lipid changes in iPSC-derived neurons and function of FAM57B in lipid metabolism and synaptogenesis. iScience 2022; 25:103551. [PMID: 34984324 PMCID: PMC8693007 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex 16p11.2 deletion syndrome (16pdel) is accompanied by neurological disorders, including epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability. We demonstrated that 16pdel iPSC differentiated neurons from affected people show augmented local field potential activity and altered ceramide-related lipid species relative to unaffected. FAM57B, a poorly characterized gene in the 16p11.2 interval, has emerged as a candidate tied to symptomatology. We found that FAM57B modulates ceramide synthase (CerS) activity, but is not a CerS per se. In FAM57B mutant human neuronal cells and zebrafish brain, composition and levels of sphingolipids and glycerolipids associated with cellular membranes are disrupted. Consistently, we observed aberrant plasma membrane architecture and synaptic protein mislocalization, which were accompanied by depressed brain and behavioral activity. Together, these results suggest that haploinsufficiency of FAM57B contributes to changes in neuronal activity and function in 16pdel syndrome through a crucial role for the gene in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiyoon L. Kim
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yara Khodour
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Maya Mitalipova
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anthony H. Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hazel Sive
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Sønderby IE, Ching CRK, Thomopoulos SI, van der Meer D, Sun D, Villalon‐Reina JE, Agartz I, Amunts K, Arango C, Armstrong NJ, Ayesa‐Arriola R, Bakker G, Bassett AS, Boomsma DI, Bülow R, Butcher NJ, Calhoun VD, Caspers S, Chow EWC, Cichon S, Ciufolini S, Craig MC, Crespo‐Facorro B, Cunningham AC, Dale AM, Dazzan P, de Zubicaray GI, Djurovic S, Doherty JL, Donohoe G, Draganski B, Durdle CA, Ehrlich S, Emanuel BS, Espeseth T, Fisher SE, Ge T, Glahn DC, Grabe HJ, Gur RE, Gutman BA, Haavik J, Håberg AK, Hansen LA, Hashimoto R, Hibar DP, Holmes AJ, Hottenga J, Hulshoff Pol HE, Jalbrzikowski M, Knowles EEM, Kushan L, Linden DEJ, Liu J, Lundervold AJ, Martin‐Brevet S, Martínez K, Mather KA, Mathias SR, McDonald‐McGinn DM, McRae AF, Medland SE, Moberget T, Modenato C, Monereo Sánchez J, Moreau CA, Mühleisen TW, Paus T, Pausova Z, Prieto C, Ragothaman A, Reinbold CS, Reis Marques T, Repetto GM, Reymond A, Roalf DR, Rodriguez‐Herreros B, Rucker JJ, Sachdev PS, Schmitt JE, Schofield PR, Silva AI, Stefansson H, Stein DJ, Tamnes CK, Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez D, Ulfarsson MO, Vajdi A, van 't Ent D, van den Bree MBM, Vassos E, Vázquez‐Bourgon J, Vila‐Rodriguez F, Walters GB, Wen W, Westlye LT, Wittfeld K, Zackai EH, Stefánsson K, Jacquemont S, Thompson PM, Bearden CE, Andreassen OA. Effects of copy number variations on brain structure and risk for psychiatric illness: Large-scale studies from the ENIGMA working groups on CNVs. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:300-328. [PMID: 33615640 PMCID: PMC8675420 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis copy number variant (ENIGMA-CNV) and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Working Groups (22q-ENIGMA WGs) were created to gain insight into the involvement of genetic factors in human brain development and related cognitive, psychiatric and behavioral manifestations. To that end, the ENIGMA-CNV WG has collated CNV and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from ~49,000 individuals across 38 global research sites, yielding one of the largest studies to date on the effects of CNVs on brain structures in the general population. The 22q-ENIGMA WG includes 12 international research centers that assessed over 533 individuals with a confirmed 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, 40 with 22q11.2 duplications, and 333 typically developing controls, creating the largest-ever 22q11.2 CNV neuroimaging data set. In this review, we outline the ENIGMA infrastructure and procedures for multi-site analysis of CNVs and MRI data. So far, ENIGMA has identified effects of the 22q11.2, 16p11.2 distal, 15q11.2, and 1q21.1 distal CNVs on subcortical and cortical brain structures. Each CNV is associated with differences in cognitive, neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric traits, with characteristic patterns of brain structural abnormalities. Evidence of gene-dosage effects on distinct brain regions also emerged, providing further insight into genotype-phenotype relationships. Taken together, these results offer a more comprehensive picture of molecular mechanisms involved in typical and atypical brain development. This "genotype-first" approach also contributes to our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of brain disorders. Finally, we outline future directions to better understand effects of CNVs on brain structure and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida E. Sønderby
- Department of Medical GeneticsOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics CenterMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics CenterMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life SciencesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Daqiang Sun
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and PsychologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Mental HealthVeterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Julio E. Villalon‐Reina
- Imaging Genetics CenterMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical PsychiatryUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐1)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Cecile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IsSGM, Universidad Complutense, School of MedicineMadridSpain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
| | | | - Rosa Ayesa‐Arriola
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of PsychiatryMarqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
| | - Geor Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuropsychologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anne S. Bassett
- Clinical Genetics Research ProgramCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Dalglish Family 22q Clinic for Adults with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, Toronto General HospitalUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Nancy J. Butcher
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Child Health Evaluative SciencesThe Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri‐institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS)Georgia State, Georgia Tech, EmoryAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐1)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Institute for Anatomy IMedical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, University of DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Eva W. C. Chow
- Clinical Genetics Research ProgramCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐1)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and PathologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Simone Ciufolini
- Department of Psychosis StudiesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael C. Craig
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental SciencesThe Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Adam C. Cunningham
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and GeneticsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department RadiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological MedicineInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Greig I. de Zubicaray
- Faculty of HealthQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical GeneticsOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Joanne L. Doherty
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC)CardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and GenomicsSchool of Psychology, NUI GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of NeuroscienceUniversity Hospital Lausanne and University LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Neurology DepartmentMax‐Planck Institute for Human Brain and Cognitive SciencesLeipzigGermany
| | - Courtney A. Durdle
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental NeurosciencesFaculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Beverly S. Emanuel
- Department of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyBjørknes CollegeOsloNorway
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Language and Genetics DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics UnitCenter for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - David C. Glahn
- Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease ResearchBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Site Rostock/GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Youth Suicide Prevention, Intervention and Research CenterChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Boris A. Gutman
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Department of Biomedical EngineeringIllinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Division of PsychiatryHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Asta K. Håberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineSt. Olavs HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Laura A. Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
- Department of PsychiatryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Derrek P. Hibar
- Personalized Healthcare AnalyticsGenentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- Department of PsychologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Department of PsychiatryYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Jouke‐Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Emma E. M. Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Leila Kushan
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - David E. J. Linden
- School for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research InstituteCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri‐institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS)Georgia State, Georgia Tech, EmoryAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Computer ScienceGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Astri J. Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical PsychologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Sandra Martin‐Brevet
- LREN, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of NeuroscienceUniversity Hospital Lausanne and University LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Kenia Martínez
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IsSGM, Universidad Complutense, School of MedicineMadridSpain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Karen A. Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Samuel R. Mathias
- Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Donna M. McDonald‐McGinn
- Department of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Division of Human GeneticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Division of Human Genetics and 22q and You CenterChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Allan F. McRae
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Psychiatric GeneticsQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Claudia Modenato
- LREN, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of NeuroscienceUniversity Hospital Lausanne and University LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jennifer Monereo Sánchez
- School for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life SciencesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Clara A. Moreau
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research CenterUniversity of Montreal, MontrealQCCanada
| | - Thomas W. Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐1)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Cecile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research InstituteHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Departments of Psychology and PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Carlos Prieto
- Bioinformatics Service, NucleusUniversity of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | | | - Céline S. Reinbold
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis StudiesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith HospitalImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gabriela M. Repetto
- Center for Genetics and GenomicsFacultad de Medicina, Clinica Alemana Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative GenomicsUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - David R. Roalf
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - James J. Rucker
- Department of Psychological MedicineInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Neuropsychiatric InstituteThe Prince of Wales HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - James E. Schmitt
- Department of Radiology and PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ana I. Silva
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research InstituteCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life SciencesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Dan J. Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Christian K. Tamnes
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Diana Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological FacilitiesValdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), SantanderSpain
| | - Magnus O. Ulfarsson
- Population Genomics, deCODE genetics/AmgenReykjavikIceland
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Iceland, ReykjavikIceland
| | - Ariana Vajdi
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marianne B. M. van den Bree
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Javier Vázquez‐Bourgon
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of PsychiatryMarqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
- School of MedicineUniversity of CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Fidel Vila‐Rodriguez
- Department of PsychiatryThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - G. Bragi Walters
- Population Genomics, deCODE genetics/AmgenReykjavikIceland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Site Rostock/GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Elaine H. Zackai
- Department of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Division of Human GeneticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kári Stefánsson
- Population Genomics, deCODE genetics/AmgenReykjavikIceland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Sebastien Jacquemont
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research CenterUniversity of Montreal, MontrealQCCanada
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Montreal, MontrealQCCanada
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics CenterMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and PsychologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Neurobehavioral GeneticsUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
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Cable J, Purcell RH, Robinson E, Vorstman JAS, Chung WK, Constantino JN, Sanders SJ, Sahin M, Dolmetsch RE, Shah B, Thurm A, Martin CL, Bearden CE, Mulle JG. Harnessing rare variants in neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopment disorders-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1506:5-17. [PMID: 34342000 PMCID: PMC8688183 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia, have strong genetic risk components, but the underlying mechanisms have proven difficult to decipher. Rare, high-risk variants may offer an opportunity to delineate the biological mechanisms responsible more clearly for more common idiopathic diseases. Indeed, different rare variants can cause the same behavioral phenotype, demonstrating genetic heterogeneity, while the same rare variant can cause different behavioral phenotypes, demonstrating variable expressivity. These observations suggest convergent underlying biological and neurological mechanisms; identification of these mechanisms may ultimately reveal new therapeutic targets. At the 2021 Keystone eSymposium "Neuropsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Harnessing Rare Variants" a panel of experts in the field described significant progress in genomic discovery and human phenotyping and raised several consistent issues, including the need for detailed natural history studies of rare disorders, the challenges in cohort recruitment, and the importance of viewing phenotypes as quantitative traits that are impacted by rare variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan H. Purcell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elise Robinson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob A. S. Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry and The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Simons Foundation, New York, New York
| | - John N. Constantino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephan J. Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Bina Shah
- Project 8p Foundation, Commission on Novel Technologies for Neurodevelopmental CNVs, New York, New York
| | - Audrey Thurm
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping, NIMH, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christa L. Martin
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Integrative Center for Neurogenetics, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science and Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer G. Mulle
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Modenato C, Martin-Brevet S, Moreau CA, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Kumar K, Draganski B, Sønderby IE, Jacquemont S. Lessons Learned From Neuroimaging Studies of Copy Number Variants: A Systematic Review. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:596-610. [PMID: 34509290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) and aneuploidies alter gene dosage and are associated with neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Brain mechanisms mediating genetic risk for neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders remain largely unknown, but there is a rapid increase in morphometry studies of CNVs using T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging. Studies have been conducted one mutation at a time, leaving the field with a complex catalog of brain alterations linked to different genomic loci. Our aim was to provide a systematic review of neuroimaging phenotypes across CNVs associated with developmental psychiatric disorders including autism and schizophrenia. We included 76 structural magnetic resonance imaging studies on 20 CNVs at the 15q11.2, 22q11.2, 1q21.1 distal, 16p11.2 distal and proximal, 7q11.23, 15q11-q13, and 22q13.33 (SHANK3) genomic loci as well as aneuploidies of chromosomes X, Y, and 21. Moderate to large effect sizes on global and regional brain morphometry are observed across all genomic loci, which is in line with levels of symptom severity reported for these variants. This is in stark contrast with the much milder neuroimaging effects observed in idiopathic psychiatric disorders. Data also suggest that CNVs have independent effects on global versus regional measures as well as on cortical surface versus thickness. Findings highlight a broad diversity of regional morphometry patterns across genomic loci. This heterogeneity of brain patterns provides insight into the weak effects reported in magnetic resonance imaging studies of cognitive dimension and psychiatric conditions. Neuroimaging studies across many more variants will be required to understand links between gene function and brain morphometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Modenato
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Martin-Brevet
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clara A Moreau
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3571, Department of Neuroscience, Université de Paris, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et Apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Neurology Department, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ida E Sønderby
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Bui TA, Shatto J, Cuppens T, Droit A, Bolduc FV. Phenotypic Trade-Offs: Deciphering the Impact of Neurodiversity on Drug Development in Fragile X Syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:730987. [PMID: 34733188 PMCID: PMC8558248 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.730987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common single-gene cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Individuals with FXS present with a wide range of severity in multiple phenotypes including cognitive delay, behavioral challenges, sleep issues, epilepsy, and anxiety. These symptoms are also shared by many individuals with other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Since the discovery of the FXS gene, FMR1, FXS has been the focus of intense preclinical investigation and is placed at the forefront of clinical trials in the field of NDDs. So far, most studies have aimed to translate the rescue of specific phenotypes in animal models, for example, learning, or improving general cognitive or behavioral functioning in individuals with FXS. Trial design, selection of outcome measures, and interpretation of results of recent trials have shown limitations in this type of approach. We propose a new paradigm in which all phenotypes involved in individuals with FXS would be considered and, more importantly, the possible interactions between these phenotypes. This approach would be implemented both at the baseline, meaning when entering a trial or when studying a patient population, and also after the intervention when the study subjects have been exposed to the investigational product. This approach would allow us to further understand potential trade-offs underlying the varying effects of the treatment on different individuals in clinical trials, and to connect the results to individual genetic differences. To better understand the interplay between different phenotypes, we emphasize the need for preclinical studies to investigate various interrelated biological and behavioral outcomes when assessing a specific treatment. In this paper, we present how such a conceptual shift in preclinical design could shed new light on clinical trial results. Future clinical studies should take into account the rich neurodiversity of individuals with FXS specifically and NDDs in general, and incorporate the idea of trade-offs in their designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong An Bui
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Julie Shatto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tania Cuppens
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de Médecine Moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de Médecine Moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - François V. Bolduc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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30
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Özaslan A, Kayhan G, İşeri E, Ergün MA, Güney E, Perçin FE. Identification of copy number variants in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: a study from Turkey. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7371-7378. [PMID: 34637094 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variants (CNVs) play a key role in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, recent guidelines recommend chromosomal microarrays (CMAs) as first-tier genetic tests. This study's first aim was to determine the clinical usefulness of CMAs in children diagnosed with ASD in a Turkish population. The second aim was to describe the CNVs and clinical phenotypes of children with ASD. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the medical records of children with ASD followed at Gazi University Hospital, (Ankara, Turkey). The sample consisted of 47 ASD cases (mean age: 60.34 ± 25.60 months; 82.9% boys). The diagnostic yield of the CMAs was 8.5%. Four pathogenic CNVs were identified: 9p24.3p24.2 deletion, 15q11-q13 duplication, 16p11.2 deletion, and 22q13.3 deletion. Also, four variants were found at 2q36.3, 10p11.21, 15q11.2, and Xp11.22, which were classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). CONCLUSIONS The TRAP12 and PARD3 genes in CNVs classified as VUS may be worth investigating for autism. The initial identification of both clinical and biological markers can facilitate monitoring, early intervention, or prevention and advance our understanding of the neurobiology underlying ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Özaslan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Emniyet Mahallesi, Bandırma Caddesi No. 6/1, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gülsüm Kayhan
- Medical Genetics Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elvan İşeri
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Emniyet Mahallesi, Bandırma Caddesi No. 6/1, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Ergün
- Medical Genetics Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Güney
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Emniyet Mahallesi, Bandırma Caddesi No. 6/1, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferda Emriye Perçin
- Medical Genetics Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
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31
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Characterizing Sleep Problems in 16p11.2 Deletion and Duplication. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 53:1462-1475. [PMID: 34633643 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies of 16p11.2 copy number variants (CNVs) provide an avenue to identify mechanisms of impairment and develop targeted treatments for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. 16p11.2 deletion and duplication phenotypes are currently being ascertained; however, sleep disturbances are minimally described. In this study, we examine sleep disturbance in a well-characterized national sample of 16p11.2 CNVs, the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI) database of youth and adults (n = 692). Factor analyses and multilevel models of derived sleep questionnaires for youth (n = 345) and adults (n = 347) indicate that 16p11.2 carriers show elevated sleep disturbance relative to community controls. Non-carrier family members also show elevated sleep disturbance. However, sleep duration does not differ between carriers and controls. Further studies of sleep in 16p11.2 are needed.
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32
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Modenato C, Kumar K, Moreau C, Martin-Brevet S, Huguet G, Schramm C, Jean-Louis M, Martin CO, Younis N, Tamer P, Douard E, Thébault-Dagher F, Côté V, Charlebois AR, Deguire F, Maillard AM, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Pain A, Richetin S, Melie-Garcia L, Kushan L, Silva AI, van den Bree MBM, Linden DEJ, Owen MJ, Hall J, Lippé S, Chakravarty M, Bzdok D, Bearden CE, Draganski B, Jacquemont S. Effects of eight neuropsychiatric copy number variants on human brain structure. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:399. [PMID: 34285187 PMCID: PMC8292542 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many copy number variants (CNVs) confer risk for the same range of neurodevelopmental symptoms and psychiatric conditions including autism and schizophrenia. Yet, to date neuroimaging studies have typically been carried out one mutation at a time, showing that CNVs have large effects on brain anatomy. Here, we aimed to characterize and quantify the distinct brain morphometry effects and latent dimensions across 8 neuropsychiatric CNVs. We analyzed T1-weighted MRI data from clinically and non-clinically ascertained CNV carriers (deletion/duplication) at the 1q21.1 (n = 39/28), 16p11.2 (n = 87/78), 22q11.2 (n = 75/30), and 15q11.2 (n = 72/76) loci as well as 1296 non-carriers (controls). Case-control contrasts of all examined genomic loci demonstrated effects on brain anatomy, with deletions and duplications showing mirror effects at the global and regional levels. Although CNVs mainly showed distinct brain patterns, principal component analysis (PCA) loaded subsets of CNVs on two latent brain dimensions, which explained 32 and 29% of the variance of the 8 Cohen's d maps. The cingulate gyrus, insula, supplementary motor cortex, and cerebellum were identified by PCA and multi-view pattern learning as top regions contributing to latent dimension shared across subsets of CNVs. The large proportion of distinct CNV effects on brain morphology may explain the small neuroimaging effect sizes reported in polygenic psychiatric conditions. Nevertheless, latent gene brain morphology dimensions will help subgroup the rapidly expanding landscape of neuropsychiatric variants and dissect the heterogeneity of idiopathic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Modenato
- LREN - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Clara Moreau
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sandra Martin-Brevet
- LREN - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Catherine Schramm
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Martineau Jean-Louis
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Nadine Younis
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Petra Tamer
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Elise Douard
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Valérie Côté
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Florence Deguire
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Anne M Maillard
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurèlie Pain
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Richetin
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lester Melie-Garcia
- Applied Signal Processing Group (ASPG), Swiss Federal Institute Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leila Kushan
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ana I Silva
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David E J Linden
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Danilo Bzdok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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Chung WK, Roberts TP, Sherr EH, Snyder LG, Spiro JE. 16p11.2 deletion syndrome. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 68:49-56. [PMID: 33667823 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The 16p11.2 BP4 and BP5 region, is a recurrent ∼600kb copy number variant (CNV), and deletions are one of the most frequent etiologies of neurodevelopmental disorders and autism spectrum disorder with an incidence of approximately 1/2000. Deletion carriers have delays in early neurodevelopment that most specifically impair speech, phonology and language in 70%. Intelligence quotient is shifted 1.8 standard deviations lower than family controls without the deletion. Other common neurobehavioral conditions include motor coordination difficulties (60%) and autism (20-25%). Unprovoked seizures are common (24%) and readily treated and resolve with age in many. Obesity evolves throughout childhood and by adulthood 75% are obese. Congenital anomalies are more common than the general population. The deletion is associated with an increase in brain volumes across all areas of the brain, changes in the white matter microstructural properties, and early electrophysiological cortical responses from auditory cortex. Studies of genetically defined conditions, particularly CNVs that are not associated with profound disabilities, provide homogeneity to study genetic impact on brain development, structure, and function to better understand complex neurobehavioral phenotypes such as autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, Simons Foundation, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Timothy Pl Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | | | - John E Spiro
- Simons Foundation, 160 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, United States
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34
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Chiang AH, Chang J, Wang J, Vitkup D. Exons as units of phenotypic impact for truncating mutations in autism. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1685-1695. [PMID: 33110259 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of related neurodevelopmental diseases displaying significant genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Despite recent progress in understanding ASD genetics, the nature of phenotypic heterogeneity across probands remains unclear. Notably, likely gene-disrupting (LGD) de novo mutations affecting the same gene often result in substantially different ASD phenotypes. Nevertheless, we find that truncating mutations affecting the same exon frequently lead to strikingly similar intellectual phenotypes in unrelated ASD probands. Analogous patterns are observed for two independent proband cohorts and several other important ASD-associated phenotypes. We find that exons biased toward prenatal and postnatal expression preferentially contribute to ASD cases with lower and higher IQ phenotypes, respectively. These results suggest that exons, rather than genes, often represent a unit of effective phenotypic impact for truncating mutations in autism. The observed phenotypic patterns are likely mediated by nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of splicing isoforms, with autism phenotypes usually triggered by relatively mild (15-30%) decreases in overall gene dosage. We find that each ASD gene with recurrent mutations can be characterized by a parameter, phenotype dosage sensitivity (PDS), which quantifies the relationship between changes in a gene's dosage and changes in a given disease phenotype. We further demonstrate analogous relationships between exon LGDs and gene expression changes in multiple human tissues. Therefore, similar phenotypic patterns may be also observed in other human genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiayao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis Vitkup
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Systems Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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35
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To eat, or not to eat, that is the question: Neural stem cells escape phagocytosis in autism with macrocephaly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2104888118. [PMID: 33883269 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104888118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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36
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Overexpression of CD47 is associated with brain overgrowth and 16p11.2 deletion syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2005483118. [PMID: 33833053 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005483118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) at the 16p11.2 locus is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. CNVs of the 16p gene can manifest in opposing head sizes. Carriers of 16p11.2 deletion tend to have macrocephaly (or brain enlargement), while those with 16p11.2 duplication frequently have microcephaly. Increases in both gray and white matter volume have been observed in brain imaging studies in 16p11.2 deletion carriers with macrocephaly. Here, we use human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from controls and subjects with 16p11.2 deletion and 16p11.2 duplication to understand the underlying mechanisms regulating brain overgrowth. To model both gray and white matter, we differentiated patient-derived iPSCs into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). In both NPCs and OPCs, we show that CD47 (a "don't eat me" signal) is overexpressed in the 16p11.2 deletion carriers contributing to reduced phagocytosis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, 16p11.2 deletion NPCs and OPCs up-regulate cell surface expression of calreticulin (a prophagocytic "eat me" signal) and its binding sites, indicating that these cells should be phagocytosed but fail to be eliminated due to elevations in CD47. Treatment of 16p11.2 deletion NPCs and OPCs with an anti-CD47 antibody to block CD47 restores phagocytosis to control levels. While the CD47 pathway is commonly implicated in cancer progression, we document a role for CD47 in psychiatric disorders associated with brain overgrowth.
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37
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Morson S, Yang Y, Price DJ, Pratt T. Expression of Genes in the 16p11.2 Locus during Development of the Human Fetal Cerebral Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4038-4052. [PMID: 33825894 PMCID: PMC8328201 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The 593 kbp 16p11.2 copy number variation (CNV) affects the gene dosage of 29 protein coding genes, with heterozygous 16p11.2 microduplication or microdeletion implicated in about 1% of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases. The 16p11.2 CNV is frequently associated with macrocephaly or microcephaly indicating early defects of neurogenesis may contribute to subsequent ASD symptoms, but it is unknown which 16p11.2 transcripts are expressed in progenitors and whose levels are likely, therefore, to influence neurogenesis. Analysis of human fetal gene expression data revealed that KIF22, ALDOA, HIRIP3, PAGR1, and MAZ transcripts are expressed in neural progenitors with ALDOA and KIF22 significantly enriched compared to post-mitotic cells. To investigate the possible roles of ALDOA and KIF22 proteins in human cerebral cortex development we used immunohistochemical staining to describe their expression in late first and early second trimester human cerebral cortex. KIF22 protein is restricted to proliferating cells with its levels increasing during the cell cycle and peaking at mitosis. ALDOA protein is expressed in all cell types and does not vary with cell-cycle phase. Our expression analysis suggests the hypothesis that altered neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex contributes to ASD in 16p11.2 CNV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Morson
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Yifei Yang
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - David J Price
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Thomas Pratt
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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38
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Nomura Y, Nomura J, Kamiguchi H, Nishikawa T, Takumi T. Transcriptome analysis of human neural cells derived from isogenic embryonic stem cells with 16p11.2 deletion. Neurosci Res 2021; 171:114-123. [PMID: 33785412 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
16p11.2 deletion is one of the most influential copy number variations (CNVs) associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous studies have investigated the pathophysiology of 16p11.2 deletion both in vitro and in vivo, and have identified features such as NMDAR dysfunction, excitation-inhibition imbalance, transcriptional dysregulation, and impaired cortical development. However, little is known about the transcriptional profiles of human neural cells. Here, we constructed an isogenic human embryonic stem (hES) cell model with 16p11.2 deletion using a CRISPR/Cas9 system and performed transcriptome analyses of hES-derived 2-dimensional neural cells. We identified several characteristics which may correlate with the neuropathology of 16p11.2 deletion: predisposition to differentiate into neural lineages, enhanced neurogenesis, and dysregulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling and RAF/MAPK pathway. We also found upregulation of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) target genes including GRM5, which is implicated as a common trait between 16p11.2 deletion and fragile X syndrome. Extending our knowledge into other ASD models would help us to understand the molecular pathology of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Nomura
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Medicine), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Jun Nomura
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | | | - Toru Nishikawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Medicine), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Toru Takumi
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Medicine), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
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Sønderby IE, van der Meer D, Moreau C, Kaufmann T, Walters GB, Ellegaard M, Abdellaoui A, Ames D, Amunts K, Andersson M, Armstrong NJ, Bernard M, Blackburn NB, Blangero J, Boomsma DI, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Bülow R, Bøen R, Cahn W, Calhoun VD, Caspers S, Ching CRK, Cichon S, Ciufolini S, Crespo-Facorro B, Curran JE, Dale AM, Dalvie S, Dazzan P, de Geus EJC, de Zubicaray GI, de Zwarte SMC, Desrivieres S, Doherty JL, Donohoe G, Draganski B, Ehrlich S, Eising E, Espeseth T, Fejgin K, Fisher SE, Fladby T, Frei O, Frouin V, Fukunaga M, Gareau T, Ge T, Glahn DC, Grabe HJ, Groenewold NA, Gústafsson Ó, Haavik J, Haberg AK, Hall J, Hashimoto R, Hehir-Kwa JY, Hibar DP, Hillegers MHJ, Hoffmann P, Holleran L, Holmes AJ, Homuth G, Hottenga JJ, Hulshoff Pol HE, Ikeda M, Jahanshad N, Jockwitz C, Johansson S, Jönsson EG, Jørgensen NR, Kikuchi M, Knowles EEM, Kumar K, Le Hellard S, Leu C, Linden DEJ, Liu J, Lundervold A, Lundervold AJ, Maillard AM, Martin NG, Martin-Brevet S, Mather KA, Mathias SR, McMahon KL, McRae AF, Medland SE, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Moberget T, Modenato C, Sánchez JM, Morris DW, Mühleisen TW, Murray RM, Nielsen J, Nordvik JE, Nyberg L, Loohuis LMO, Ophoff RA, Owen MJ, Paus T, Pausova Z, Peralta JM, Pike GB, Prieto C, Quinlan EB, Reinbold CS, Marques TR, Rucker JJH, Sachdev PS, Sando SB, Schofield PR, Schork AJ, Schumann G, Shin J, Shumskaya E, Silva AI, Sisodiya SM, Steen VM, Stein DJ, Strike LT, Suzuki IK, Tamnes CK, Teumer A, Thalamuthu A, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Uhlmann A, Ulfarsson MO, van 't Ent D, van den Bree MBM, Vanderhaeghen P, Vassos E, Wen W, Wittfeld K, Wright MJ, Agartz I, Djurovic S, Westlye LT, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Jacquemont S, Thompson PM, Andreassen OA. 1q21.1 distal copy number variants are associated with cerebral and cognitive alterations in humans. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:182. [PMID: 33753722 PMCID: PMC7985307 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-frequency 1q21.1 distal deletion and duplication copy number variant (CNV) carriers are predisposed to multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disability. Human carriers display a high prevalence of micro- and macrocephaly in deletion and duplication carriers, respectively. The underlying brain structural diversity remains largely unknown. We systematically called CNVs in 38 cohorts from the large-scale ENIGMA-CNV collaboration and the UK Biobank and identified 28 1q21.1 distal deletion and 22 duplication carriers and 37,088 non-carriers (48% male) derived from 15 distinct magnetic resonance imaging scanner sites. With standardized methods, we compared subcortical and cortical brain measures (all) and cognitive performance (UK Biobank only) between carrier groups also testing for mediation of brain structure on cognition. We identified positive dosage effects of copy number on intracranial volume (ICV) and total cortical surface area, with the largest effects in frontal and cingulate cortices, and negative dosage effects on caudate and hippocampal volumes. The carriers displayed distinct cognitive deficit profiles in cognitive tasks from the UK Biobank with intermediate decreases in duplication carriers and somewhat larger in deletion carriers-the latter potentially mediated by ICV or cortical surface area. These results shed light on pathobiological mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders, by demonstrating gene dose effect on specific brain structures and effect on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida E Sønderby
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Clara Moreau
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE Genetics (Amgen), Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Maria Ellegaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Ames
- University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Kew, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Manon Bernard
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas B Blackburn
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rune Bøen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Altrecht Science, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
- The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Ciufolini
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
- University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, IBiS, Centre de Investigació Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sonja M C de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvane Desrivieres
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L Doherty
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Else Eising
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim Fejgin
- Signal Transduction, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500, Valby, Denmark
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, 1474, Nordbyhagen, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Neurospin, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Sokendai, Hayama, Japan
| | - Thomas Gareau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Neurospin, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | | | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asta K Haberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- St Olav's Hospital, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jeremy Hall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jayne Y Hehir-Kwa
- Princess Màxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Psychology Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Niklas R Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Costin Leu
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont-St-Peter, United Kingdom
| | - David E J Linden
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Arvid Lundervold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Anne M Maillard
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sandra Martin-Brevet
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Herston Imaging Research Facility and School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Allan F McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claudia Modenato
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Monereo Sánchez
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Derek W Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robin M Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Nielsen
- Signal Transduction, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500, Valby, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan M Peralta
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, USA
| | - G Bruce Pike
- Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carlos Prieto
- Bioinformatics Service, Nucleus, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Erin B Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Céline S Reinbold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College, London, United Kingdom
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - James J H Rucker
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sigrid B Sando
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- University Hospital of Trondheim,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J Schork
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Roskilde, Denmark
- The Translational Genetics Institute (TGEN), Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Shin
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana I Silva
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont-St-Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Vidar M Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dan J Stein
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lachlan T Strike
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ikuo K Suzuki
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Stem Cell and Developmental Neurobiology Lab, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Brussels (ULB), Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM) ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian K Tamnes
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Magnus O Ulfarsson
- deCODE Genetics (Amgen), Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Vanderhaeghen
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences & Leuven Brain Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Institut de Recherches en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics (Amgen), Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Nourbakhsh K, Yadav S. Kinase Signaling in Dendritic Development and Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:624648. [PMID: 33642997 PMCID: PMC7902504 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.624648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrites undergo extensive growth and remodeling during their lifetime. Specification of neurites into dendrites is followed by their arborization, maturation, and functional integration into synaptic networks. Each of these distinct developmental processes is spatially and temporally controlled in an exquisite fashion. Protein kinases through their highly specific substrate phosphorylation regulate dendritic growth and plasticity. Perturbation of kinase function results in aberrant dendritic growth and synaptic function. Not surprisingly, kinase dysfunction is strongly associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Herein, we review, (a) key kinase pathways that regulate dendrite structure, function and plasticity, (b) how aberrant kinase signaling contributes to dendritic dysfunction in neurological disorders and (c) emergent technologies that can be applied to dissect the role of protein kinases in dendritic structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Smita Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Caseras X, Kirov G, Kendall KM, Rees E, Legge SE, Bracher-Smith M, Escott-Price V, Murphy K. Effects of genomic copy number variants penetrant for schizophrenia on cortical thickness and surface area in healthy individuals: analysis of the UK Biobank. Br J Psychiatry 2021; 218:104-111. [PMID: 32792019 PMCID: PMC7844611 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2020.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder with undetermined neurobiological causes. Understanding the impact on brain anatomy of carrying genetic risk for the disorder will contribute to uncovering its neurobiological underpinnings. AIMS To examine the effect of rare copy number variants (CNVs) associated with schizophrenia on brain cortical anatomy in a sample of unaffected participants from the UK Biobank. METHOD We used regression analyses to compare cortical thickness and surface area (total and across gyri) between 120 unaffected carriers of rare CNVs associated with schizophrenia and 16 670 participants without any pathogenic CNV. A measure of cortical thickness and surface area covariance across gyri was also compared between groups. RESULTS Carrier status was associated with reduced surface area (β = -0.020 mm2, P < 0.001) and less robustly with increased cortical thickness (β = 0.015 mm, P = 0.035), and with increased covariance in thickness (carriers z = 0.31 v. non-carriers z = 0.22, P < 0.0005). Associations were mainly present in frontal and parietal areas and driven by a limited number of rare risk alleles included in our analyses (mainly 15q11.2 deletion for surface area and 16p13.11 duplication for thickness covariance). CONCLUSIONS Results for surface area conformed with previous clinical findings, supporting surface area reductions as an indicator of genetic liability for schizophrenia. Results for cortical thickness, though, argued against its validity as a potential risk marker. Increased structural thickness covariance across gyri also appears related to risk for schizophrenia. The heterogeneity found across the effects of rare risk alleles suggests potential different neurobiological gateways into schizophrenia's phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - George Kirov
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Kimberley M. Kendall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Elliott Rees
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Sophie E. Legge
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Matthew Bracher-Smith
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University; and UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Kevin Murphy
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, UK
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42
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Actionable and incidental neuroradiological findings in twins with neurodevelopmental disorders. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22417. [PMID: 33376247 PMCID: PMC7772336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While previous research has investigated neuroradiological findings in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the entire range of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) has not yet been well-studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Considering the overlap among NDDs and simultaneous development of the brain and face, guided by molecular signaling, we examined the relationship of actionable and incidental (non-actionable) MRI findings and NDD diagnoses together with facial morphological variants and genetic copy number variants (CNVs). A cross-sectional study was conducted with a twin cohort 8–36 years of age (57% monozygotic, 40% dizygotic), including 372 subjects (46% with NDDs; 47% female) imaged by MRI, 280 with data for facial morphological variants, and 183 for CNVs. Fifty-one percent of participants had MRI findings. Males had a statistically significantly higher percentage of MRI findings (57.7%) compared with females (43.8%, p = 0.03). Twin zygosity was not statistically significantly correlated with incidence or severity of specific MRI findings. No statistically significant association was found between MRI findings and any NDD diagnosis or facial morphological variants; however, MRI findings were statistically significantly associated with the number of CNVs (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.00–1.44, p = 0.05, adjusted OR for sex 1.24, 95% CI 1.03–1.50, p = 0.02). When combining the presence of MRI findings, facial morphological variants, and CNVs, statistically significant relationships were found with ASD and ADHD diagnoses (p = 0.0006 and p = 0.002, respectively). The results of this study demonstrate that the ability to identify NDDs from combined radiology, morphology, and CNV assessments may be possible. Additionally, twins do not appear to be at increased risk for neuroradiological variants.
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Roth JG, Muench KL, Asokan A, Mallett VM, Gai H, Verma Y, Weber S, Charlton C, Fowler JL, Loh KM, Dolmetsch RE, Palmer TD. 16p11.2 microdeletion imparts transcriptional alterations in human iPSC-derived models of early neural development. eLife 2020; 9:58178. [PMID: 33169669 PMCID: PMC7695459 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microdeletions and microduplications of the 16p11.2 chromosomal locus are associated with syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders and reciprocal physiological conditions such as macro/microcephaly and high/low body mass index. To facilitate cellular and molecular investigations into these phenotypes, 65 clones of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were generated from 13 individuals with 16p11.2 copy number variations (CNVs). To ensure these cell lines were suitable for downstream mechanistic investigations, a customizable bioinformatic strategy for the detection of random integration and expression of reprogramming vectors was developed and leveraged towards identifying a subset of ‘footprint’-free hiPSC clones. Transcriptomic profiling of cortical neural progenitor cells derived from these hiPSCs identified alterations in gene expression patterns which precede morphological abnormalities reported at later neurodevelopmental stages. Interpreting clinical information—available with the cell lines by request from the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative—with this transcriptional data revealed disruptions in gene programs related to both nervous system function and cellular metabolism. As demonstrated by these analyses, this publicly available resource has the potential to serve as a powerful medium for probing the etiology of developmental disorders associated with 16p11.2 CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien G Roth
- Department of Neurosurgery and The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Kristin L Muench
- Department of Neurosurgery and The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Aditya Asokan
- Department of Neurosurgery and The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Victoria M Mallett
- Department of Neurosurgery and The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Hui Gai
- Department of Neurosurgery and The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Yogendra Verma
- Department of Neurosurgery and The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Stephen Weber
- Department of Neurosurgery and The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Carol Charlton
- Department of Neurosurgery and The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Jonas L Fowler
- Department of Neurosurgery and The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Department of Neurosurgery and The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Ricardo E Dolmetsch
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Theo D Palmer
- Department of Neurosurgery and The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
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Rein B, Yan Z. 16p11.2 Copy Number Variations and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:886-901. [PMID: 32993859 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) of the human 16p11.2 genetic locus are associated with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. In this review, we delineate genetic information and diverse phenotypes in individuals with 16p11.2 CNVs, and synthesize preclinical findings from transgenic mouse models of 16p11.2 CNVs. Mice with 16p11.2 deletions or duplications recapitulate many core behavioral phenotypes, including social and cognitive deficits, and exhibit altered synaptic function across various brain areas. Mechanisms of transcriptional dysregulation and cortical maldevelopment are reviewed, along with potential therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rein
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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45
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Lengyel A, Pinti É, Pikó H, Jávorszky E, David D, Tihanyi M, Gönczi É, Kiss E, Tóth Z, Tory K, Fekete G, Haltrich I. Clinical and genetic findings in Hungarian pediatric patients carrying chromosome 16p copy number variants and a review of the literature. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104027. [PMID: 32758661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The short arm of chromosome 16 (16p) is enriched for segmental duplications, making it susceptible to recurrent, reciprocal rearrangements implicated in the etiology of several phenotypes, including intellectual disability, speech disorders, developmental coordination disorder, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, obesity and congenital skeletal disorders. In our clinical study 73 patients were analyzed by chromosomal microarray, and results were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization or polymerase chain reaction. All patients underwent detailed clinical evaluation, with special emphasis on behavioral symptoms. 16p rearrangements were identified in 10 individuals. We found six pathogenic deletions and duplications of the recurrent regions within 16p11.2: one patient had a deletion of the distal 16p11.2 region associated with obesity, while four individuals had duplications, and one patient a deletion of the proximal 16p11.2 region. The other four patients carried 16p variations as second-site genomic alterations, acting as possible modifying genetic factors. We present the phenotypic and genotypic results of our patients and discuss our findings in relation to the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lengyel
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Éva Pinti
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henriett Pikó
- I Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Jávorszky
- I Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dezső David
- Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariann Tihanyi
- Department of Genetics, Zala County Hospital, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
| | - Éva Gönczi
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kiss
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Tóth
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Tory
- I Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Fekete
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Irén Haltrich
- II Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Hashem S, Nisar S, Bhat AA, Yadav SK, Azeem MW, Bagga P, Fakhro K, Reddy R, Frenneaux MP, Haris M. Genetics of structural and functional brain changes in autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:229. [PMID: 32661244 PMCID: PMC7359361 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder characterized by social impairment and restricted interactive and communicative behaviors. It may occur as an isolated disorder or in the context of other neurological, psychiatric, developmental, and genetic disorders. Due to rapid developments in genomics and imaging technologies, imaging genetics studies of ASD have evolved in the last few years. Increased risk for ASD diagnosis is found to be related to many specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and the study of genetic mechanisms and noninvasive imaging has opened various approaches that can help diagnose ASD at the nascent level. Identifying risk genes related to structural and functional changes in the brain of ASD patients provide a better understanding of the disease's neuropsychiatry and can help identify targets for therapeutic intervention that could be useful for the clinical management of ASD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheema Hashem
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Puneet Bagga
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Khalid Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Haris
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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47
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Big data approaches to develop a comprehensive and accurate tool aimed at improving autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and subtype stratification. LIBRARY HI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/lht-08-2019-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is difficult to diagnose accurately due to its heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Comprehensive models combining different big data approaches (e.g. neuroimaging, genetics, eye tracking, etc.) may offer the opportunity to characterize ASD from multiple distinct perspectives. This paper aims to provide an overview of a novel diagnostic approach for ASD classification and stratification based on these big data approaches.Design/methodology/approachMultiple types of data were collected and recorded for three consecutive years, including clinical assessment, neuroimaging, gene mutation and expression and response signal data. The authors propose to establish a classification model for predicting ASD clinical diagnostic status by integrating the various data types. Furthermore, the authors suggest a data-driven approach to stratify ASD into subtypes based on genetic and genomic data.FindingsBy utilizing complementary information from different types of ASD patient data, the proposed integration model has the potential to achieve better prediction performance than models focusing on only one data type. The use of unsupervised clustering for the gene-based data-driven stratification will enable identification of more homogeneous subtypes. The authors anticipate that such stratification will facilitate a more consistent and personalized ASD diagnostic tool.Originality/valueThis study aims to utilize a more comprehensive investigation of ASD-related data types than prior investigations, including proposing longitudinal data collection and a storage scheme covering diverse populations. Furthermore, this study offers two novel diagnostic models that focus on case-control status prediction and ASD subtype stratification, which have been under-explored in the prior literature.
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48
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Ren X, Yang N, Wu N, Xu X, Chen W, Zhang L, Li Y, Du RQ, Dong S, Zhao S, Chen S, Jiang LP, Wang L, Zhang J, Wu Z, Jin L, Qiu G, Lupski JR, Shi J, Zhang F, Liu P. Increased TBX6 gene dosages induce congenital cervical vertebral malformations in humans and mice. J Med Genet 2020; 57:371-379. [PMID: 31888956 PMCID: PMC9179029 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital vertebral malformations (CVMs) manifest with abnormal vertebral morphology. Genetic factors have been implicated in CVM pathogenesis, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear in most subjects. We previously reported that the human 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 deletion and its associated TBX6 dosage reduction caused CVMs. We aim to investigate the reciprocal 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 duplication and its potential genetic contributions to CVMs. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients who were found to carry the 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 duplication by chromosomal microarray analysis were retrospectively analysed for their vertebral phenotypes. The spinal assessments in seven duplication carriers showed that four (57%) presented characteristics of CVMs, supporting the contention that increased TBX6 dosage could induce CVMs. For further in vivo functional investigation in a model organism, we conducted genome editing of the upstream regulatory region of mouse Tbx6 using CRISPR-Cas9 and obtained three mouse mutant alleles (Tbx6up1 to Tbx6up3 ) with elevated expression levels of Tbx6. Luciferase reporter assays showed that the Tbx6up3 allele presented with the 160% expression level of that observed in the reference (+) allele. Therefore, the homozygous Tbx6up3/up3 mice could functionally mimic the TBX6 dosage of heterozygous carriers of 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 duplication (approximately 150%, ie, 3/2 gene dosage of the normal level). Remarkably, 60% of the Tbx6up3/up3 mice manifested with CVMs. Consistent with our observations in humans, the CVMs induced by increased Tbx6 dosage in mice mainly affected the cervical vertebrae. CONCLUSION Our findings in humans and mice consistently support that an increased TBX6 dosage contributes to the risk of developing cervical CVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Ren
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weisheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingping Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-Qian Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shuangshuang Dong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxia Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- State key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianlei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiangang Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, USA
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49
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Drakulic D, Djurovic S, Syed YA, Trattaro S, Caporale N, Falk A, Ofir R, Heine VM, Chawner SJRA, Rodriguez-Moreno A, van den Bree MBM, Testa G, Petrakis S, Harwood AJ. Copy number variants (CNVs): a powerful tool for iPSC-based modelling of ASD. Mol Autism 2020; 11:42. [PMID: 32487215 PMCID: PMC7268297 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with chromosome microdeletions or duplications, known as copy number variants (CNVs), present a unique opportunity to investigate the relationship between patient genotype and cell phenotype. CNVs have high genetic penetrance and give a good correlation between gene locus and patient clinical phenotype. This is especially effective for the study of patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), including those falling within the autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A key question is whether this correlation between genetics and clinical presentation at the level of the patient can be translated to the cell phenotypes arising from the neurodevelopment of patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).Here, we examine how iPSCs derived from ASD patients with an associated CNV inform our understanding of the genetic and biological mechanisms underlying the aetiology of ASD. We consider selection of genetically characterised patient iPSCs; use of appropriate control lines; aspects of human neurocellular biology that can capture in vitro the patient clinical phenotype; and current limitations of patient iPSC-based studies. Finally, we consider how future research may be enhanced to maximise the utility of CNV patients for research of pathological mechanisms or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Drakulic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, 152, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yasir Ahmed Syed
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Sebastiano Trattaro
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20146, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Caporale
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20146, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Falk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rivka Ofir
- BGU-iPSC Core Facility, The Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Vivi M Heine
- Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel J R A Chawner
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Moreno
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20146, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Human Technopole, Via Cristina Belgioioso 171, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Spyros Petrakis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences/Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Adrian J Harwood
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
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Peters T, Nüllig L, Antel J, Naaresh R, Laabs BH, Tegeler L, Amhaouach C, Libuda L, Hinney A, Hebebrand J. The Role of Genetic Variation of BMI, Body Composition, and Fat Distribution for Mental Traits and Disorders: A Look-Up and Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Genet 2020; 11:373. [PMID: 32373164 PMCID: PMC7186862 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropometric traits and mental disorders or traits are known to be associated clinically and to show genetic overlap. We aimed to identify genetic variants with relevance for mental disorders/traits and either (i) body mass index (or obesity), (ii) body composition, (and/or) (iii) body fat distribution. We performed a look-up analysis of 1,005 genome-wide significant SNPs for BMI, body composition, and body fat distribution in 15 mental disorders/traits. We identified 40 independent loci with one or more SNPs fulfilling our threshold significance criterion (P < 4.98 × 10-5) for the mental phenotypes. The majority of loci was associated with schizophrenia, educational attainment, and/or intelligence. Fewer associations were found for bipolar disorder, neuroticism, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms, and well-being. Unique associations with measures of body fat distribution adjusted for BMI were identified at five loci only. To investigate the potential causality between body fat distribution and schizophrenia, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses. We found no causal effect of body fat distribution on schizophrenia and vice versa. In conclusion, we identified 40 loci which may contribute to genetic overlaps between mental disorders/traits and BMI and/or shape related phenotypes. The majority of loci identified for body composition overlapped with BMI loci, thus suggesting pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lena Nüllig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen Antel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Roaa Naaresh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Björn-Hergen Laabs
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lisa Tegeler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Chaima Amhaouach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Libuda
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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