1
|
Parra Bravo C, Krukowski K, Barker S, Wang C, Li Y, Fan L, Vázquez-Rosa E, Shin MK, Wong MY, McCullough LD, Kitagawa RS, Choi HA, Cacace A, Sinha SC, Pieper AA, Rosi S, Chen X, Gan L. Anti-acetylated-tau immunotherapy is neuroprotective in tauopathy and brain injury. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:51. [PMID: 38915105 PMCID: PMC11197196 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tau is aberrantly acetylated in various neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previously, we reported that reducing acetylated tau by pharmacologically inhibiting p300-mediated tau acetylation at lysine 174 reduces tau pathology and improves cognitive function in animal models. METHODS We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of two different antibodies that specifically target acetylated lysine 174 on tau (ac-tauK174). We treated PS19 mice, which harbor the P301S tauopathy mutation that causes FTLD, with anti-ac-tauK174 and measured effects on tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and neurobehavioral outcomes. Furthermore, PS19 mice received treatment post-TBI to evaluate the ability of the immunotherapy to prevent TBI-induced exacerbation of tauopathy phenotypes. Ac-tauK174 measurements in human plasma following TBI were also collected to establish a link between trauma and acetylated tau levels, and single nuclei RNA-sequencing of post-TBI brain tissues from treated mice provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed treatment effects. RESULTS Anti-ac-tauK174 treatment mitigates neurobehavioral impairment and reduces tau pathology in PS19 mice. Ac-tauK174 increases significantly in human plasma 24 h after TBI, and anti-ac-tauK174 treatment of PS19 mice blocked TBI-induced neurodegeneration and preserved memory functions. Anti-ac-tauK174 treatment rescues alterations of microglial and oligodendrocyte transcriptomic states following TBI in PS19 mice. CONCLUSIONS The ability of anti-ac-tauK174 treatment to rescue neurobehavioral impairment, reduce tau pathology, and rescue glial responses demonstrates that targeting tau acetylation at K174 is a promising neuroprotective therapeutic approach to human tauopathies resulting from TBI or genetic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Parra Bravo
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Helen and Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Krukowski
- Department of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Barker
- Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yaqiao Li
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li Fan
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Helen and Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edwin Vázquez-Rosa
- Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Min-Kyoo Shin
- Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Ying Wong
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Helen and Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan S Kitagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Alex Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Subhash C Sinha
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Helen and Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Susanna Rosi
- Department of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Xu Chen
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA.
| | - Li Gan
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Helen and Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang J, Tian L, Cao G, Yin Z, Wang S, Zhao C, Yang H. AnGong NiuHuang (AGNH) pill attenuated traumatic brain injury through regulating NF-κB/Nlrp3 axis and glycerophospholipid metabolism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155798. [PMID: 38936259 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially neuroinflammation after TBI persists for a long time and causes significant neurodegenerative pathologies and neuropsychiatric problems. PURPOSE In this study, the neuroprotective effect of AnGong NiuHuang (AGNH) on TBI was investigated and the mechanism was revealed by integrating multiple omics. METHODS The rats with TBI were administrated with AGNH for 5 consecutive days and the effect was evaluated by using modified neurologic severity score (mNSS), brain edema, H&E staining, Nissl staining and TUNEL staining. The mechanism was revealed by using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and metabolomic analysis. The inflammatory factors, apoptosis-related proteins and identified vital targets were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Administration of AGNH decreased mNSS, brain edema, brain structure damage, but increased Nissl body density in the rats with TBI. Additionally, AGNH reduced IL-1β, IL-17A, TNF-α, MMP9, MCP-1, IL-6, Bax and TUNEL staining,but elevated Bcl2 level. Integrating transcriptomic analysis and metabolomic analysis identified vital targets and critical metabolic pathways. Importantly, AGNH treatment reduced the expression of TLR4, MYD88, NLRP3, BTK, IL-18 and Caspase 1 as well as glycerophospholipid metabolism-related protein AGPAT2 and PLA2G2D, and decreased the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in the brain of TBI rats. Additionally, AGNH increased phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), but decreased 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (LysoPC) in the metabolic pathway of glycerophospholipid metabolism. CONCLUSION Taken together, AGNH inhibited NF-κB/NLRP3 axis to suppress neuroinflammation, cell apoptosis and pyroptosis, and improved metabolic pathways of glycerophospholipid metabolism after TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Liangliang Tian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guangzhao Cao
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhiru Yin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shicong Wang
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fryer AL, Abdullah A, Mobilio F, Jobling A, Moore Z, de Veer M, Zheng G, Wong BX, Taylor JM, Crack PJ. Pharmacological inhibition of STING reduces neuroinflammation-mediated damage post-traumatic brain injury. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38710660 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major public health concern worldwide with unmet effective treatment. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and its downstream type-I interferon (IFN) signalling are now appreciated to be involved in TBI pathogenesis. Compelling evidence have shown that STING and type-I IFNs are key in mediating the detrimental neuroinflammatory response after TBI. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of STING presents a viable therapeutic opportunity in combating the detrimental neuroinflammatory response after TBI. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of the small-molecule STING inhibitor n-(4-iodophenyl)-5-nitrofuran-2-carboxamide (C-176) in the controlled cortical impact mouse model of TBI in 10- to 12-week-old male mice. Thirty minutes post-controlled cortical impact surgery, a single 750-nmol dose of C-176 or saline (vehicle) was administered intravenously. Analysis was conducted 2 h and 24 h post-TBI. KEY RESULTS Mice administered C-176 had significantly smaller cortical lesion area when compared to vehicle-treated mice 24 h post-TBI. Quantitative temporal gait analysis conducted using DigiGait™ showed C-176 administration attenuated TBI-induced impairments in gait symmetry, stride frequency and forelimb stance width. C-176-treated mice displayed a significant reduction in striatal gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines Tnf-α, Il-1β and Cxcl10 compared to their vehicle-treated counterparts 2 h post-TBI. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study demonstrates the neuroprotective activity of C-176 in ameliorating acute neuroinflammation and preventing white matter neurodegeneration post-TBI. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of small-molecule inhibitors targeting STING for the treatment of trauma-induced inflammation and neuroprotective potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L Fryer
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Amar Abdullah
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Frank Mobilio
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew Jobling
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Zachery Moore
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael de Veer
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Gang Zheng
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Bruce X Wong
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Juliet M Taylor
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Peter J Crack
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Z, Jin P, Guo Z, Tu Z, Yang H, Hu M, Li Q, Liu X, Li W, Hou S. Integrated Analysis of Chromatin and Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies PU.1 as a Core Regulatory Factor in Microglial Activation Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2569-2589. [PMID: 37917300 PMCID: PMC11043206 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
In addition to causing white matter lesions, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) can also cause damage to gray matter, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In order to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between gene expression and transcriptional regulation alterations, novel upstream regulators could be identified using integration analysis of the transcriptome and epigenetic approaches. Here, a bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) model was established for inducing CCH in mice. The spatial cognitive function of mice was evaluated, and changes in cortical microglia morphology were observed. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) were performed on isolated mouse cortical brain tissue. Then, a systematic joint analysis of BCAS hypoperfusion-induced cortex-specific RNA-seq and ATAC-seq was conducted in order to assess the extent of the correlation between the two, and PU.1 was found to be greatly enriched through motif analysis and transcription factor annotation. Also, the core regulatory factor PU.1 induced by BCAS hypoperfusion was shown to be colocalized with microglia. Based on the above analysis, PU.1 plays a key regulatory role in microglial activation induced by CCH. And the transcriptome and epigenomic data presented in this study can help identify potential targets for future research exploring chronic hypoperfusion-induced brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengpeng Jin
- Department of Chronic Disease Management, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zimin Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilan Tu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengting Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingdang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuangxing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Henry RJ, Barrett JP, Vaida M, Khan NZ, Makarevich O, Ritzel RM, Faden AI, Stoica BA. Interaction of high-fat diet and brain trauma alters adipose tissue macrophages and brain microglia associated with exacerbated cognitive dysfunction. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:113. [PMID: 38685031 PMCID: PMC11058055 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the morbidity and mortality of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Detailed analyses of transcriptomic changes in the brain and adipose tissue were performed to elucidate the interactive effects between high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) and TBI. Adult male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks prior to experimental TBI and continuing after injury. High-throughput transcriptomic analysis using Nanostring panels of the total visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and cellular components in the brain, followed by unsupervised clustering, principal component analysis, and IPA pathway analysis were used to determine shifts in gene expression patterns and molecular pathway activity. Cellular populations in the cortex and hippocampus, as well as in VAT, during the chronic phase after combined TBI-HFD showed amplification of central and peripheral microglia/macrophage responses, including superadditive changes in selected gene expression signatures and pathways. Furthermore, combined TBI and HFD caused additive dysfunction in Y-Maze, Novel Object Recognition (NOR), and Morris water maze (MWM) cognitive function tests. These novel data suggest that HFD-induced obesity and TBI can independently prime and support the development of altered states in brain microglia and VAT, including the disease-associated microglia/macrophage (DAM) phenotype observed in neurodegenerative disorders. The interaction between HFD and TBI promotes a shift toward chronic reactive microglia/macrophage transcriptomic signatures and associated pro-inflammatory disease-altered states that may, in part, underlie the exacerbation of cognitive deficits. Thus, targeting of HFD-induced reactive cellular phenotypes, including in peripheral adipose tissue immune cell populations, may serve to reduce microglial maladaptive states after TBI, attenuating post-traumatic neurodegeneration and neurological dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Henry
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - James P Barrett
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Vaida
- Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, 326 Market St, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - Niaz Z Khan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oleg Makarevich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rodney M Ritzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan I Faden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bogdan A Stoica
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fritsch LE, Kelly C, Leonard J, de Jager C, Wei X, Brindley S, Harris EA, Kaloss AM, DeFoor N, Paul S, O'Malley H, Ju J, Olsen ML, Theus MH, Pickrell AM. STING-Dependent Signaling in Microglia or Peripheral Immune Cells Orchestrates the Early Inflammatory Response and Influences Brain Injury Outcome. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0191232024. [PMID: 38360749 PMCID: PMC10957216 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0191-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
While originally identified as an antiviral pathway, recent work has implicated that cyclic GMP-AMP-synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS-STING) signaling is playing a critical role in the neuroinflammatory response to traumatic brain injury (TBI). STING activation results in a robust inflammatory response characterized by the production of inflammatory cytokines called interferons, as well as hundreds of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). Global knock-out (KO) mice inhibiting this pathway display neuroprotection with evidence that this pathway is active days after injury; yet, the early neuroinflammatory events stimulated by STING signaling remain understudied. Furthermore, the source of STING signaling during brain injury is unknown. Using a murine controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI, we investigated the peripheral immune and microglial response to injury utilizing male chimeric and conditional STING KO animals, respectively. We demonstrate that peripheral and microglial STING signaling contribute to negative outcomes in cortical lesion volume, cell death, and functional outcomes postinjury. A reduction in overall peripheral immune cell and neutrophil infiltration at the injury site is STING dependent in these models at 24 h. Transcriptomic analysis at 2 h, when STING is active, reveals that microglia drive an early, distinct transcriptional program to elicit proinflammatory genes including interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), which is lost in conditional knock-out mice. The upregulation of alternative innate immune pathways also occurs after injury in these animals, which supports a complex relationship between brain-resident and peripheral immune cells to coordinate the proinflammatory response and immune cell influx to damaged tissue after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Fritsch
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia 24016
| | - Colin Kelly
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia 24016
| | - John Leonard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Caroline de Jager
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia 24016
| | - Xiaoran Wei
- Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Samantha Brindley
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Elizabeth A Harris
- Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Alexandra M Kaloss
- Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Nicole DeFoor
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Swagatika Paul
- Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Hannah O'Malley
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Jing Ju
- Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Michelle L Olsen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Michelle H Theus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Alicia M Pickrell
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Radke J, Meinhardt J, Aschman T, Chua RL, Farztdinov V, Lukassen S, Ten FW, Friebel E, Ishaque N, Franz J, Huhle VH, Mothes R, Peters K, Thomas C, Schneeberger S, Schumann E, Kawelke L, Jünger J, Horst V, Streit S, von Manitius R, Körtvélyessy P, Vielhaber S, Reinhold D, Hauser AE, Osterloh A, Enghard P, Ihlow J, Elezkurtaj S, Horst D, Kurth F, Müller MA, Gassen NC, Melchert J, Jechow K, Timmermann B, Fernandez-Zapata C, Böttcher C, Stenzel W, Krüger E, Landthaler M, Wyler E, Corman V, Stadelmann C, Ralser M, Eils R, Heppner FL, Mülleder M, Conrad C, Radbruch H. Proteomic and transcriptomic profiling of brainstem, cerebellum and olfactory tissues in early- and late-phase COVID-19. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:409-420. [PMID: 38366144 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Neurological symptoms, including cognitive impairment and fatigue, can occur in both the acute infection phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and at later stages, yet the mechanisms that contribute to this remain unclear. Here we profiled single-nucleus transcriptomes and proteomes of brainstem tissue from deceased individuals at various stages of COVID-19. We detected an inflammatory type I interferon response in acute COVID-19 cases, which resolves in the late disease phase. Integrating single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, we could localize two patterns of reaction to severe systemic inflammation, one neuronal with a direct focus on cranial nerve nuclei and a separate diffuse pattern affecting the whole brainstem. The latter reflects a bystander effect of the respiratory infection that spreads throughout the vascular unit and alters the transcriptional state of mainly oligodendrocytes, microglia and astrocytes, while alterations of the brainstem nuclei could reflect the connection of the immune system and the central nervous system via, for example, the vagus nerve. Our results indicate that even without persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the central nervous system, local immune reactions are prevailing, potentially causing functional disturbances that contribute to neurological complications of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Radke
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jenny Meinhardt
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Aschman
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Lorenz Chua
- Center of Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vadim Farztdinov
- Core Facility High Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sören Lukassen
- Center of Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Foo Wei Ten
- Center of Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Friebel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Naveed Ishaque
- Center of Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Franz
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Valerie Helena Huhle
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronja Mothes
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Peters
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carolina Thomas
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shirin Schneeberger
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Schumann
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leona Kawelke
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Jünger
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viktor Horst
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Streit
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina von Manitius
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Péter Körtvélyessy
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Vielhaber
- Department of Neurology, Otto von Guerike University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto von Guerike University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Osterloh
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philipp Enghard
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Ihlow
- Department of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sefer Elezkurtaj
- Department of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Department of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kurth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils C Gassen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Melchert
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Jechow
- Center of Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Camila Fernandez-Zapata
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Krüger
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Corman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), associated partner, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Ralser
- Core Facility High Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Center of Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank L Heppner
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Mülleder
- Core Facility High Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Conrad
- Center of Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Packer JM, Bray CE, Beckman NB, Wangler LM, Davis AC, Goodman EJ, Klingele NE, Godbout JP. Impaired cortical neuronal homeostasis and cognition after diffuse traumatic brain injury are dependent on microglia and type I interferon responses. Glia 2024; 72:300-321. [PMID: 37937831 PMCID: PMC10764078 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric complications including depression and cognitive decline develop in the years after traumatic brain injury (TBI), negatively affecting quality of life. Microglial and type 1 interferon (IFN-I) responses are associated with the transition from acute to chronic neuroinflammation after diffuse TBI in mice. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if impaired neuronal homeostasis and increased IFN-I responses intersected after TBI to cause cognitive impairment. Here, the RNA profile of neurons and microglia after TBI (single nucleus RNA-sequencing) with or without microglia depletion (CSF1R antagonist) was assessed 7 dpi. There was a TBI-dependent suppression of cortical neuronal homeostasis with reductions in CREB signaling, synaptogenesis, and synaptic migration and increases in RhoGDI and PTEN signaling (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis). Microglial depletion reversed 50% of TBI-induced gene changes in cortical neurons depending on subtype. Moreover, the microglial RNA signature 7 dpi was associated with increased stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation and IFN-I responses. Therefore, we sought to reduce IFN-I signaling after TBI using STING knockout mice and a STING antagonist, chloroquine (CQ). TBI-associated cognitive deficits in novel object location and recognition (NOL/NOR) tasks at 7 and 30 dpi were STING dependent. In addition, TBI-induced STING expression, microglial morphological restructuring, inflammatory (Tnf, Cd68, Ccl2) and IFN-related (Irf3, Irf7, Ifi27) gene expression in the cortex were attenuated in STINGKO mice. CQ also reversed TBI-induced cognitive deficits and reduced TBI-induced inflammatory (Tnf, Cd68, Ccl2) and IFN (Irf7, Sting) cortical gene expression. Collectively, reducing IFN-I signaling after TBI with STING-dependent interventions attenuated the prolonged microglial activation and cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Packer
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chelsea E Bray
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
| | - Nicolas B Beckman
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lynde M Wangler
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amara C Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ethan J Goodman
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nathaniel E Klingele
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Duchniewicz M, Lee JYW, Menon DK, Needham EJ. Candidate Genetic and Molecular Drivers of Dysregulated Adaptive Immune Responses After Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:3-12. [PMID: 37376743 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Neuroinflammation is a significant and modifiable cause of secondary injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI), driven by both central and peripheral immune responses. A substantial proportion of outcome after TBI is genetically mediated, with an estimated heritability effect of around 26%, but because of the comparatively small datasets currently available, the individual drivers of this genetic effect have not been well delineated. A hypothesis-driven approach to analyzing genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets reduces the burden of multiplicity testing and allows variants with a high prior biological probability of effect to be identified where sample size is insufficient to withstand data-driven approaches. Adaptive immune responses show substantial genetically mediated heterogeneity and are well established as a genetic source of risk for numerous disease states; importantly, HLA class II has been specifically identified as a locus of interest in the largest TBI GWAS study to date, highlighting the importance of genetic variance in adaptive immune responses after TBI. In this review article we identify and discuss adaptive immune system genes that are known to confer strong risk effects for human disease, with the dual intentions of drawing attention to this area of immunobiology, which, despite its importance to the field, remains under-investigated in TBI and presenting high-yield testable hypotheses for application to TBI GWAS datasets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Duchniewicz
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Y W Lee
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David K Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edward J Needham
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Garza R, Sharma Y, Atacho DAM, Thiruvalluvan A, Abu Hamdeh S, Jönsson ME, Horvath V, Adami A, Ingelsson M, Jern P, Hammell MG, Englund E, Kirkeby A, Jakobsson J, Marklund N. Single-cell transcriptomics of human traumatic brain injury reveals activation of endogenous retroviruses in oligodendroglia. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113395. [PMID: 37967557 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of chronic brain impairment and results in a robust, but poorly understood, neuroinflammatory response that contributes to the long-term pathology. We used single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to study transcriptomic changes in different cell populations in human brain tissue obtained acutely after severe, life-threatening TBI. This revealed a unique transcriptional response in oligodendrocyte precursors and mature oligodendrocytes, including the activation of a robust innate immune response, indicating an important role for oligodendroglia in the initiation of neuroinflammation. The activation of an innate immune response correlated with transcriptional upregulation of endogenous retroviruses in oligodendroglia. This observation was causally linked in vitro using human glial progenitors, implicating these ancient viral sequences in human neuroinflammation. In summary, this work provides insight into the initiating events of the neuroinflammatory response in TBI, which has therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Garza
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yogita Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Diahann A M Atacho
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Arun Thiruvalluvan
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW) and Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sami Abu Hamdeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie E Jönsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Vivien Horvath
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anita Adami
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patric Jern
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Molly Gale Hammell
- Institute for Systems Genetics, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Elisabet Englund
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Agnete Kirkeby
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW) and Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Jakobsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang Y, Liu B, Sinha SC, Amin S, Gan L. Mechanism and therapeutic potential of targeting cGAS-STING signaling in neurological disorders. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:79. [PMID: 37941028 PMCID: PMC10634099 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA sensing is a pivotal component of the innate immune system that is responsible for detecting mislocalized DNA and triggering downstream inflammatory pathways. Among the DNA sensors, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a primary player in detecting cytosolic DNA, including foreign DNA from pathogens and self-DNA released during cellular damage, culminating in a type I interferon (IFN-I) response through stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation. IFN-I cytokines are essential in mediating neuroinflammation, which is widely observed in CNS injury, neurodegeneration, and aging, suggesting an upstream role for the cGAS DNA sensing pathway. In this review, we summarize the latest developments on the cGAS-STING DNA-driven immune response in various neurological diseases and conditions. Our review covers the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cGAS activation and highlights cGAS-STING signaling in various cell types of central and peripheral nervous systems, such as resident brain immune cells, neurons, and glial cells. We then discuss the role of cGAS-STING signaling in different neurodegenerative conditions, including tauopathies, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as aging and senescence. Finally, we lay out the current advancements in research and development of cGAS inhibitors and assess the prospects of targeting cGAS and STING as therapeutic strategies for a wide spectrum of neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yige Huang
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bangyan Liu
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Subhash C Sinha
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sadaf Amin
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wangler LM, Godbout JP. Microglia moonlighting after traumatic brain injury: aging and interferons influence chronic microglia reactivity. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:926-940. [PMID: 37723009 PMCID: PMC10592045 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Most of the individuals who experience traumatic brain injury (TBI) develop neuropsychiatric and cognitive complications that negatively affect recovery and health span. Activation of multiple inflammatory pathways persists after TBI, but it is unclear how inflammation contributes to long-term behavioral and cognitive deficits. One outcome of TBI is microglial priming and subsequent hyper-reactivity to secondary stressors, injuries, or immune challenges that further augment complications. Additionally, microglia priming with aging contributes to exaggerated glial responses to TBI. One prominent inflammatory pathway, interferon (IFN) signaling, is increased after TBI and may contribute to microglial priming and subsequent reactivity. This review discusses the contributions of microglia to inflammatory processes after TBI, as well as the influence of aging and IFNs on microglia reactivity and chronic inflammation after TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynde M Wangler
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 333 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 333 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, 190 North Oval Mall, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Y, Chen R, Shen G, Yin J, Li Y, Zhao J, Nan F, Zhang S, Zhang H, Yang C, Wu M, Fan Y. Delayed CO 2 postconditioning promotes neurological recovery after cryogenic traumatic brain injury by downregulating IRF7 expression. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3378-3390. [PMID: 37208955 PMCID: PMC10580333 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Few treatments are available in the subacute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI) except rehabilitation training. We previously reported that transient CO2 inhalation applied within minutes after reperfusion has neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this study, it was hypothesized that delayed CO2 postconditioning (DCPC) starting at the subacute phase may promote neurological recovery of TBI. METHODS Using a cryogenic TBI (cTBI) model, mice received DCPC daily by inhaling 5%/10%/20% CO2 for various time-courses (one/two/three cycles of 10-min inhalation/10-min break) at Days 3-7, 3-14 or 7-18 after cTBI. Beam walking and gait tests were used to assess the effect of DCPC. Lesion size, expression of GAP-43 and synaptophysin, amoeboid microglia number and glia scar area were detected. Transcriptome and recombinant interferon regulatory factor 7 (Irf7) adeno-associated virus were applied to investigate the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS DCPC significantly promoted recovery of motor function in a concentration and time-course dependent manner with a wide therapeutic time window of at least 7 days after cTBI. The beneficial effects of DCPC were blocked by intracerebroventricular injection of NaHCO3 . DCPC also increased puncta density of GAP-43 and synaptophysin, and reduced amoeboid microglia number and glial scar formation in the cortex surrounding the lesion. Transcriptome analysis showed many inflammation-related genes and pathways were altered by DCPC, and Irf7 was a hub gene, while overexpression of IRF7 blocked the motor function improvement of DCPC. CONCLUSIONS We first showed that DCPC promoted functional recovery and brain tissue repair, which opens a new therapeutic time window of postconditioning for TBI. Inhibition of IRF7 is a key molecular mechanism for the beneficial effects of DCPC, and IRF7 may be a potential therapeutic target for rehabilitation after TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences CenterShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Ru Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences CenterShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Gui‐Ping Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences CenterShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Jing Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences CenterShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences CenterShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences CenterShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Fang Nan
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences CenterShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Shu‐Han Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences CenterShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Hui‐Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences CenterShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Cai‐Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences CenterShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Mei‐Na Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of EducationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Yan‐Ying Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences CenterShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of EducationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alam A, Singh T, Kayhanian S, Tjerkaski J, Garcia NM, Carpenter KLH, Patani R, Lindblad C, Thelin EP, Syed YA, Helmy A. Modeling the Inflammatory Response of Traumatic Brain Injury Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Microglia. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:2164-2173. [PMID: 37261979 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroinflammatory response after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is implicated as a key mediator of secondary injury in both the acute and chronic periods after primary injury. Microglia are the key innate immune cell in the central nervous system, responding to injury with the release of cytokines and chemokines. In this context, we aimed to characterize the downstream cytokine response of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia when stimulated with five separate cytokines identified after human TBI. The iPSC-derived microglia were exposed to interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the concentration ranges identified in clinical TBI studies. The downstream cytokine response was measured against a panel of 37 separate cytokines over a 72h time-course. The secretome revealed concentration-, time- and combined concentration and time-dependent downstream responses. TNF appeared to be the strongest inducer of downstream cytokine changes (51), followed by IL-1β (26) and IL-4 (19). IL-10 (11) and IL-6 (10) produced fewer responses. We also compare these responses with our previous studies of iPSC-derived neuronal and astrocyte cultures and the in vivo human TBI cytokine response. Notably, we found microglial culture to induce both a wider range of downstream cytokine responses and a greater fold change in concentration for those downstream responses, compared with astrocyte and neuronal cultures. In summary, we present a dataset for human microglial cytokine responses specific to the secretome found in the clinical context of TBI. This reductionist approach complements our previous datasets for astrocyte and neuronal responses and will provide a platform to enable future studies to unravel the complex neuroinflammatory network activated after TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Alam
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya Singh
- School of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Saeed Kayhanian
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Tjerkaski
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Núria Marcó Garcia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Keri L H Carpenter
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rickie Patani
- Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Lindblad
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eric P Thelin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yasir Ahmed Syed
- School of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Adel Helmy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chou ML, Babamale AO, Walker TL, Cognasse F, Blum D, Burnouf T. Blood-brain crosstalk: the roles of neutrophils, platelets, and neutrophil extracellular traps in neuropathologies. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:764-779. [PMID: 37500363 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation, neurovascular dysfunction, and coagulopathy often occur concurrently in neuropathologies. Neutrophils and platelets have crucial synergistic roles in thromboinflammation and are increasingly suspected as effector cells contributing to the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the roles of platelet-neutrophil interactions in triggering complex pathophysiological events affecting the brain that may lead to the disruption of brain barriers, infiltration of toxic factors into the parenchyma, and amplification of neuroinflammation through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We highlight the clinical significance of thromboinflammation in neurological disorders and examine the contributions of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) derived from platelets and neutrophils. These DAMPs originate from both infectious and non-infectious risk factors and contribute to the activation of inflammasomes during brain disorders. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps in the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis and emphasize the potential of interventions targeting platelets and neutrophils to treat neuroinflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Li Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; INSERM UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris 75012, France
| | - Abdulkareem Olarewaju Babamale
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11266, Taiwan; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
| | - Tara L Walker
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; University Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - David Blum
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, LiCEND, Lille F-59000, France; NeuroTMULille International Laboratory, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; NeuroTMULille International Laboratory, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 10031, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Todd BP, Luo Z, Gilkes N, Chimenti MS, Peterson Z, Mix MR, Harty JT, Nickl-Jockschat T, Ferguson PJ, Bassuk AG, Newell EA. Selective neuroimmune modulation by type I interferon drives neuropathology and neurologic dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:134. [PMID: 37596685 PMCID: PMC10436463 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling is a key contributor to immune cell-mediated neuropathology in neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, we demonstrated a robust upregulation of type I interferon-stimulated genes in microglia and astrocytes following experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). The specific molecular and cellular mechanisms by which IFN-I signaling impacts the neuroimmune response and neuropathology following TBI remains unknown. Using the lateral fluid percussion injury model (FPI) in adult male mice, we demonstrated that IFN α/β receptor (IFNAR) deficiency resulted in selective and sustained blockade of type I interferon-stimulated genes following TBI as well as decreased microgliosis and monocyte infiltration. Molecular alteration of reactive microglia also occurred with diminished expression of genes needed for MHC class I antigen processing and presentation following TBI. This was associated with decreased accumulation of cytotoxic T cells in the brain. The IFNAR-dependent modulation of the neuroimmune response was accompanied by protection from secondary neuronal death, white matter disruption, and neurobehavioral dysfunction. These data support further efforts to leverage the IFN-I pathway for novel, targeted therapy of TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P Todd
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Zili Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Noah Gilkes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Michael S Chimenti
- Bioinformatics Division, Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Zeru Peterson
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Madison R Mix
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John T Harty
- Department of Pathology and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Thomas Nickl-Jockschat
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Polly J Ferguson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Newell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Henry RJ, Barrett JP, Vaida M, Khan NZ, Makarevich O, Ritzel RM, Faden AI, Stoica BA. Interaction of high-fat diet and brain trauma alters adipose tissue macrophages and brain microglia associated with exacerbated cognitive dysfunction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.28.550986. [PMID: 37546932 PMCID: PMC10402152 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.28.550986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases the morbidity and mortality of traumatic brain injury (TBI). We performed a detailed analysis of transcriptomic changes in the brain and adipose tissue to examine the interactive effects between high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) and TBI in relation to central and peripheral inflammatory pathways, as well as neurological function. Adult male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks prior to experimental TBI and continuing after injury. Combined TBI and HFD resulted in additive dysfunction in the Y-Maze, novel object recognition (NOR), and Morris water maze (MWM) cognitive function tests. We also performed high-throughput transcriptomic analysis using Nanostring panels of cellular compartments in the brain and total visceral adipose tissue (VAT), followed by unsupervised clustering, principal component analysis, and IPA pathway analysis to determine shifts in gene expression programs and molecular pathway activity. Analysis of cellular populations in the cortex and hippocampus as well as in visceral adipose tissue during the chronic phase after combined TBI-HFD showed amplification of central and peripheral microglia/macrophage responses, including superadditive changes in select gene expression signatures and pathways. These data suggest that HFD-induced obesity and TBI can independently prime and support the development of altered states in brain microglia and visceral adipose tissue macrophages, including the disease-associated microglia/macrophage (DAM) phenotype observed in neurodegenerative disorders. The interaction between HFD and TBI promotes a shift toward chronic reactive microglia/macrophage transcriptomic signatures and associated pro-inflammatory disease-altered states that may, in part, underlie the exacerbation of cognitive deficits. Targeting of HFD-induced reactive cellular phenotypes, including in peripheral adipose tissue macrophages, may serve to reduce microglial maladaptive states after TBI, attenuating post-traumatic neurodegeneration and neurological dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Henry
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - James P. Barrett
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Vaida
- Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, 326 Market St, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - Niaz Z. Khan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oleg Makarevich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rodney M. Ritzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan I. Faden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bogdan A. Stoica
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pérez-Cabello JA, Silvera-Carrasco L, Franco JM, Capilla-González V, Armaos A, Gómez-Lima M, García-García R, Yap XW, Leal-Lasarte M, Lall D, Baloh RH, Martínez S, Miyata Y, Tartaglia GG, Sawarkar R, García-Domínguez M, Pozo D, Roodveldt C. MAPK/MAK/MRK overlapping kinase (MOK) controls microglial inflammatory/type-I IFN responses via Brd4 and is involved in ALS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302143120. [PMID: 37399380 PMCID: PMC10334760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302143120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and incurable neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons and characterized by microglia-mediated neurotoxic inflammation whose underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this work, we reveal that MAPK/MAK/MRK overlapping kinase (MOK), with an unknown physiological substrate, displays an immune function by controlling inflammatory and type-I interferon (IFN) responses in microglia which are detrimental to primary motor neurons. Moreover, we uncover the epigenetic reader bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) as an effector protein regulated by MOK, by promoting Ser492-phospho-Brd4 levels. We further demonstrate that MOK regulates Brd4 functions by supporting its binding to cytokine gene promoters, therefore enabling innate immune responses. Remarkably, we show that MOK levels are increased in the ALS spinal cord, particularly in microglial cells, and that administration of a chemical MOK inhibitor to ALS model mice can modulate Ser492-phospho-Brd4 levels, suppress microglial activation, and modify the disease course, indicating a pathophysiological role of MOK kinase in ALS and neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A. Pérez-Cabello
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville41009, Spain
| | - Lucía Silvera-Carrasco
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville41009, Spain
| | - Jaime M. Franco
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla-González
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Alexandros Armaos
- Center for Human Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova16152, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova16152, Italy
| | - María Gómez-Lima
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Raquel García-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville41009, Spain
| | - Xin Wen Yap
- The Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB1 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Leal-Lasarte
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Deepti Lall
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - Robert H. Baloh
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - Salvador Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche-CSIC, Alicante03550, Spain
| | - Yoshihiko Miyata
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Gian G. Tartaglia
- Center for Human Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova16152, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova16152, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University Sapienza Rome, Rome00185, Italy
| | - Ritwick Sawarkar
- The Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB1 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Mario García-Domínguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
| | - David Pozo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville41009, Spain
| | - Cintia Roodveldt
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville41009, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Todd BP, Luo Z, Gilkes N, Chimenti MS, Peterson Z, Mix M, Harty JT, Nickl-Jockschat T, Ferguson PJ, Bassuk AG, Newell EA. Selective neuroimmune modulation by type I interferon drives neuropathology and neurologic dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.06.543774. [PMID: 37333385 PMCID: PMC10274693 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.06.543774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling is a key contributor to immune cell-mediated neuropathology in neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, we demonstrated a robust upregulation of type I interferon-stimulated genes in microglia and astrocytes following experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). The specific molecular and cellular mechanisms by which IFN-I signaling impacts the neuroimmune response and neuropathology following TBI remains unknown. Using the lateral fluid percussion injury model (FPI) in adult male mice, we demonstrated that IFN α/β receptor (IFNAR) deficiency resulted in selective and sustained blockade of type I interferon-stimulated genes following TBI as well as decreased microgliosis and monocyte infiltration. Phenotypic alteration of reactive microglia also occurred with diminished expression of molecules needed for MHC class I antigen processing and presentation following TBI. This was associated with decreased accumulation of cytotoxic T cells in the brain. The IFNAR-dependent modulation of the neuroimmune response was accompanied by protection from secondary neuronal death, white matter disruption, and neurobehavioral dysfunction. These data support further efforts to leverage the IFN-I pathway for novel, targeted therapy of TBI.
Collapse
|
20
|
Choi BR, Johnson KR, Maric D, McGavern DB. Monocyte-derived IL-6 programs microglia to rebuild damaged brain vasculature. Nat Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41590-023-01521-1. [PMID: 37248420 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular injury (CVI) is a common pathology caused by infections, injury, stroke, neurodegeneration and autoimmune disease. Rapid resolution of a CVI requires a coordinated innate immune response. In the present study, we sought mechanistic insights into how central nervous system-infiltrating monocytes program resident microglia to mediate angiogenesis and cerebrovascular repair after an intracerebral hemorrhage. In the penumbrae of human stroke brain lesions, we identified a subpopulation of microglia that express vascular endothelial growth factor A. These cells, termed 'repair-associated microglia' (RAMs), were also observed in a rodent model of CVI and coexpressed interleukin (IL)-6Ra. Cerebrovascular repair did not occur in IL-6 knockouts or in mice lacking microglial IL-6Ra expression and single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed faulty RAM programming in the absence of IL-6 signaling. Infiltrating CCR2+ monocytes were the primary source of IL-6 after a CVI and were required to endow microglia with proliferative and proangiogenic properties. Faulty RAM programming in the absence of IL-6 or inflammatory monocytes resulted in poor cerebrovascular repair, neuronal destruction and sustained neurological deficits that were all restored via exogenous IL-6 administration. These data provide a molecular and cellular basis for how monocytes instruct microglia to repair damaged brain vasculature and promote functional recovery after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ran Choi
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kory R Johnson
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liang MZ, Lu TH, Chen L. Timely expression of PGAM5 and its cleavage control mitochondrial homeostasis during neurite re-growth after traumatic brain injury. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:96. [PMID: 37221611 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients suffered from severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) have twice the risk of developing into neurodegenerative diseases later in their life. Thus, early intervention is needed not only to treat TBI but also to reduce neurodegenerative diseases in the future. Physiological functions of neurons highly depend on mitochondria. Thus, when mitochondrial integrity is compromised by injury, neurons would initiate a cascade of events to maintain homeostasis of mitochondria. However, what protein senses mitochondrial dysfunction and how mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained during regeneration remains unclear. RESULTS We found that TBI-increased transcription of a mitochondrial protein, phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5), during acute phase was via topological remodeling of a novel enhancer-promoter interaction. This up-regulated PGAM5 correlated with mitophagy, whereas presenilins-associated rhomboid-like protein (PARL)-dependent PGAM5 cleavage at a later stage of TBI enhanced mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression and mitochondrial mass. To test whether PGAM5 cleavage and TFAM expression were sufficient for functional recovery, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP) was used to uncouple electron transport chain and reduce mitochondrial function. As a result, FCCP triggered PGAM5 cleavage, TFAM expression and recovery of motor function deficits of CCI mice. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study implicate that PGAM5 may act as a mitochondrial sensor for brain injury to activate its own transcription at acute phase, serving to remove damaged mitochondria through mitophagy. Subsequently, PGAM5 is cleaved by PARL, and TFAM expression is increased for mitochondrial biogenesis at a later stage after TBI. Taken together, this study concludes that timely regulation of PGAM5 expression and its own cleavage are required for neurite re-growth and functional recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zong Liang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Linyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Corrigan F, Wee IC, Collins-Praino LE. Chronic motor performance following different traumatic brain injury severity-A systematic review. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1180353. [PMID: 37288069 PMCID: PMC10243142 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1180353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is now known to be a chronic disease, causing ongoing neurodegeneration and linked to increased risk of neurodegenerative motor diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. While the presentation of motor deficits acutely following traumatic brain injury is well-documented, however, less is known about how these evolve in the long-term post-injury, or how the initial severity of injury affects these outcomes. The purpose of this review, therefore, was to examine objective assessment of chronic motor impairment across the spectrum of TBI in both preclinical and clinical models. Methods PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases were searched with a search strategy containing key search terms for TBI and motor function. Original research articles reporting chronic motor outcomes with a clearly defined TBI severity (mild, repeated mild, moderate, moderate-severe, and severe) in an adult population were included. Results A total of 97 studies met the inclusion criteria, incorporating 62 preclinical and 35 clinical studies. Motor domains examined included neuroscore, gait, fine-motor, balance, and locomotion for preclinical studies and neuroscore, fine-motor, posture, and gait for clinical studies. There was little consensus among the articles presented, with extensive differences both in assessment methodology of the tests and parameters reported. In general, an effect of severity was seen, with more severe injury leading to persistent motor deficits, although subtle fine motor deficits were also seen clinically following repeated injury. Only six clinical studies investigated motor outcomes beyond 10 years post-injury and two preclinical studies to 18-24 months post-injury, and, as such, the interaction between a previous TBI and aging on motor performance is yet to be comprehensively examined. Conclusion Further research is required to establish standardized motor assessment procedures to fully characterize chronic motor impairment across the spectrum of TBI with comprehensive outcomes and consistent protocols. Longitudinal studies investigating the same cohort over time are also a key for understanding the interaction between TBI and aging. This is particularly critical, given the risk of neurodegenerative motor disease development following TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances Corrigan
- Head Injury Lab, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ing Chee Wee
- Cognition, Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino
- Cognition, Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Govindarajulu M, Ramesh S, Beasley M, Lynn G, Wallace C, Labeau S, Pathak S, Nadar R, Moore T, Dhanasekaran M. Role of cGAS-Sting Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098151. [PMID: 37175853 PMCID: PMC10179704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) interacts extensively with immunological processes in the brain and extends beyond the neuronal compartment. Accumulation of misfolded proteins can activate an innate immune response that releases inflammatory mediators and increases the severity and course of the disease. It is widely known that type-I interferon-driven neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) accelerates the development of numerous acute and chronic CNS diseases. It is becoming better understood how the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its adaptor protein Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) triggers type-I IFN-mediated neuroinflammation. We discuss the principal elements of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and the mechanisms underlying the association between cGAS-STING activity and various AD pathologies. The current understanding of beneficial and harmful cGAS-STING activity in AD and the current treatment pathways being explored will be discussed in this review. The cGAS-STING regulation offers a novel therapeutic opportunity to modulate inflammation in the CNS because it is an upstream regulator of type-I IFNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - McNeil Beasley
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Graham Lynn
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Caleigh Wallace
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sammie Labeau
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Suhrud Pathak
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rishi Nadar
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Timothy Moore
- Units Administration, Research Programs, Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 2316 Walker Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fritsch LE, Kelly C, Pickrell AM. The role of STING signaling in central nervous system infection and neuroinflammatory disease. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1597. [PMID: 36632700 PMCID: PMC10175194 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (GMP-AMP) synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS-STING) pathway is a critical innate immune mechanism for detecting the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and prompting a robust immune response. Canonical cGAS-STING activation occurs when cGAS, a predominantly cytosolic pattern recognition receptor, binds microbial DNA to promote STING activation. Upon STING activation, transcription factors enter the nucleus to cause the production of Type I interferons, inflammatory cytokines whose primary function is to prime the host for viral infection by producing a number of antiviral interferon-stimulated genes. While the pathway was originally described in viral infection, more recent studies have implicated cGAS-STING signaling in a number of different contexts, including autoimmune disease, cancer, injury, and neuroinflammatory disease. This review focuses on how our understanding of the cGAS-STING pathway has evolved over time with an emphasis on the role of STING-mediated neuroinflammation and infection in the nervous system. We discuss recent findings on how STING signaling contributes to the pathology of pain, traumatic brain injury, and stroke, as well as how mitochondrial DNA may promote STING activation in common neurodegenerative diseases. We conclude by commenting on the current knowledge gaps that should be filled before STING can be an effective therapeutic target in neuroinflammatory disease. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Fritsch
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Colin Kelly
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Alicia M. Pickrell
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang S, Zheng R, Pan Y, Sun H. Potential Therapeutic Value of the STING Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:3127. [PMID: 37049889 PMCID: PMC10096477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a critical protein in the activation of the immune system in response to DNA. It can participate the inflammatory response process by modulating the inflammation-preferred translation program through the STING-PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-eIF2α pathway or by inducing the secretion of type I interferons (IFNs) and a variety of proinflammatory factors through the recruitment of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) or the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. Based on the structure, location, function, genotype, and regulatory mechanism of STING, this review summarizes the potential value of STING inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shangran Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Runan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanhong Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical University, Chongqing 401135, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang Z, Guo Z, Tu Z, Yang H, Li C, Hu M, Zhang Y, Jin P, Hou S. Cortex-specific transcriptome profiling reveals upregulation of interferon-regulated genes after deeper cerebral hypoperfusion in mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1056354. [PMID: 36994418 PMCID: PMC10040763 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1056354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is commonly accompanied by brain injury and glial activation. In addition to white matter lesions, the intensity of CCH greatly affects the degree of gray matter damage. However, little is understood about the underlying molecular mechanisms related to cortical lesions and glial activation following hypoperfusion. Efforts to investigate the relationship between neuropathological alternations and gene expression changes support a role for identifying novel molecular pathways by transcriptomic mechanisms.Methods: Chronic cerebral ischemic injury model was induced by the bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) using 0.16/0.18 mm microcoils. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was evaluated using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) system. Spatial learning and memory were assessed by Morris water maze test. Histological changes were evaluated by Hematoxylin staining. Microglial activation and neuronal loss were further examined by immunofluorescence staining. Cortex-specific gene expression profiling analysis was performed in sham and BCAS mice, and then validated by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results: In our study, compared with the sham group, the right hemisphere CBF of BCAS mice decreased to 69% and the cognitive function became impaired at 4 weeks postoperation. Besides, the BCAS mice displayed profound gray matter damage, including atrophy and thinning of the cortex, accompanied by neuronal loss and increased activated microglia. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that hypoperfusion-induced upregulated genes were significantly enriched in the pathways of interferon (IFN)-regulated signaling along with neuroinflammation signaling. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) predicted the importance of type I IFN signaling in regulating the CCH gene network. The obtained RNA-seq data were validated by qRT-PCR in cerebral cortex, showing consistency with the RNA-seq results. Also, IHC staining revealed elevated expression of IFN-inducible protein in cerebral cortex following BCAS-hypoperfusion.Conclusion: Overall, the activation of IFN-mediated signaling enhanced our understanding of the neuroimmune responses induced by CCH. The upregulation of IFN-regulated genes (IRGs) might exert a critical impact on the progression of cerebral hypoperfusion. Our improved understanding of cortex-specific transcriptional profiles will be helpful to explore potential targets for CCH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zimin Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilan Tu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Mengting Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengpeng Jin
- Department of Chronic Disease Management, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangxing Hou, ; Pengpeng Jin,
| | - Shuangxing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangxing Hou, ; Pengpeng Jin,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
McDew-White M, Lee E, Premadasa LS, Alvarez X, Okeoma CM, Mohan M. Cannabinoids modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis in HIV/SIV infection by reducing neuroinflammation and dysbiosis while concurrently elevating endocannabinoid and indole-3-propionate levels. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:62. [PMID: 36890518 PMCID: PMC9993397 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the advent of combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART) has transformed HIV into a manageable chronic disease, an estimated 30-50% of people living with HIV (PLWH) exhibit cognitive and motor deficits collectively known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). A key driver of HAND neuropathology is chronic neuroinflammation, where proinflammatory mediators produced by activated microglia and macrophages are thought to inflict neuronal injury and loss. Moreover, the dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) in PLWH, consequent to gastrointestinal dysfunction and dysbiosis, can lead to neuroinflammation and persistent cognitive impairment, which underscores the need for new interventions. METHODS We performed RNA-seq and microRNA profiling in basal ganglia (BG), metabolomics (plasma) and shotgun metagenomic sequencing (colon contents) in uninfected and SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) administered vehicle (VEH/SIV) or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (THC/SIV). RESULTS Long-term, low-dose THC reduced neuroinflammation and dysbiosis and significantly increased plasma endocannabinoid, endocannabinoid-like, glycerophospholipid and indole-3-propionate levels in chronically SIV-infected RMs. Chronic THC potently blocked the upregulation of genes associated with type-I interferon responses (NLRC5, CCL2, CXCL10, IRF1, IRF7, STAT2, BST2), excitotoxicity (SLC7A11), and enhanced protein expression of WFS1 (endoplasmic reticulum stress) and CRYM (oxidative stress) in BG. Additionally, THC successfully countered miR-142-3p-mediated suppression of WFS1 protein expression via a cannabinoid receptor-1-mediated mechanism in HCN2 neuronal cells. Most importantly, THC significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Clostridia including indole-3-propionate (C. botulinum, C. paraputrificum, and C. cadaveris) and butyrate (C. butyricum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum) producers in colonic contents. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the potential of long-term, low-dose THC to positively modulate the MGBA by reducing neuroinflammation, enhancing endocannabinoid levels and promoting the growth of gut bacterial species that produce neuroprotective metabolites, like indole-3-propionate. The findings from this study may benefit not only PLWH on cART, but also those with no access to cART and more importantly, those who fail to suppress the virus under cART.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina McDew-White
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 West Military Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78227-5302, USA
| | - Eunhee Lee
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 West Military Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78227-5302, USA
| | - Lakmini S Premadasa
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 West Military Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78227-5302, USA
| | - Xavier Alvarez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 West Military Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78227-5302, USA
| | - Chioma M Okeoma
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595-1524, USA
| | - Mahesh Mohan
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 West Military Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78227-5302, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim GS, Harmon E, Gutierrez M, Stephenson J, Chauhan A, Banerjee A, Wise Z, Doan A, Wu T, Lee J, Jung JE, McCullough L, Wythe J, Marrelli S. Single-cell analysis identifies Ifi27l2a as a novel gene regulator of microglial inflammation in the context of aging and stroke. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2557290. [PMID: 36824976 PMCID: PMC9949241 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2557290/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are key mediators of inflammatory responses within the brain, as they regulate pro-inflammatory responses while also limiting neuroinflammation via reparative phagocytosis. Thus, identifying genes that modulate microglial function may reveal novel therapeutic interventions for promoting better outcomes in diseases featuring extensive inflammation, such as stroke. To facilitate identification of potential mediators of inflammation, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of aged mouse brains following stroke and found that Ifi27l2a was significantly up-regulated, particularly in microglia. The increased Ifi27l2a expression was further validated in microglial culture, stroke models with microglial depletion, and human autopsy samples. Ifi27l2a is known to be induced by interferons for viral host defense, however the role of Ifi27l2a in neurodegeneration is unknown. In vitro studies in cultured microglia demonstrated that Ifi27l2a overexpression causes neuroinflammation via reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, hemizygous deletion of Ifi27l2a significantly reduced gliosis in the thalamus following stroke, while also reducing neuroinflammation, indicating Ifi27l2a gene dosage is a critical mediator of neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke. Collectively, this study demonstrates that a novel gene, Ifi27l2a, regulates microglial function and neuroinflammation in the aged brain and following stroke. These findings suggest that Ifi27l2a may be a novel target for conferring cerebral protection post-stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gab Seok Kim
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zachary Wise
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Andrea Doan
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Ting Wu
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | - Louise McCullough
- McGovern Medical School/University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | - Sean Marrelli
- The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, 77030, TX
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Viengkhou B, Hofer MJ. Breaking down the cellular responses to type I interferon neurotoxicity in the brain. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1110593. [PMID: 36817430 PMCID: PMC9936317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1110593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their original discovery, type I interferons (IFN-Is) have been closely associated with antiviral immune responses. However, their biological functions go far beyond this role, with balanced IFN-I activity being critical to maintain cellular and tissue homeostasis. Recent findings have uncovered a darker side of IFN-Is whereby chronically elevated levels induce devastating neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative pathologies. The underlying causes of these 'interferonopathies' are diverse and include monogenetic syndromes, autoimmune disorders, as well as chronic infections. The prominent involvement of the CNS in these disorders indicates a particular susceptibility of brain cells to IFN-I toxicity. Here we will discuss the current knowledge of how IFN-Is mediate neurotoxicity in the brain by analyzing the cell-type specific responses to IFN-Is in the CNS, and secondly, by exploring the spectrum of neurological disorders arising from increased IFN-Is. Understanding the nature of IFN-I neurotoxicity is a crucial and fundamental step towards development of new therapeutic strategies for interferonopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barney Viengkhou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jeltema D, Abbott K, Yan N. STING trafficking as a new dimension of immune signaling. J Exp Med 2023; 220:213837. [PMID: 36705629 PMCID: PMC9930166 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cGAS-STING pathway is an evolutionarily conserved immune signaling pathway critical for microbial defense. Unlike other innate immune pathways that largely rely on stationary cascades of signaling events, STING is highly mobile in the cell. STING is activated on the ER, but only signals after it arrives on the Golgi, and then it is quickly degraded by the lysosome. Each step of STING trafficking through the secretory pathway is regulated by host factors. Homeostatic STING trafficking via COPI-, COPII-, and clathrin-coated vesicles is important for maintaining baseline tissue and cellular immunity. Aberrant vesicular trafficking or lysosomal dysfunction produces an immune signal through STING, which often leads to tissue pathology in mice and humans. Many trafficking-mediated diseases of STING signaling appear to impact the central nervous system, leading to neurodegeneration. Therefore, STING trafficking introduces a new dimension of immune signaling that likely has broad implications in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devon Jeltema
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kennady Abbott
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nan Yan
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Correspondence to Nan Yan:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hegdekar N, Sarkar C, Bustos S, Ritzel RM, Hanscom M, Ravishankar P, Philkana D, Wu J, Loane DJ, Lipinski MM. Inhibition of autophagy in microglia and macrophages exacerbates innate immune responses and worsens brain injury outcomes. Autophagy 2023:1-19. [PMID: 36652438 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2167689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive and prolonged neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to long-term tissue damage and poor functional outcomes. However, the mechanisms contributing to exacerbated inflammatory responses after brain injury remain poorly understood. Our previous work showed that macroautophagy/autophagy flux is inhibited in neurons following TBI in mice and contributes to neuronal cell death. In the present study, we demonstrate that autophagy is also inhibited in activated microglia and infiltrating macrophages, and that this potentiates injury-induced neuroinflammatory responses. Macrophage/microglia-specific knockout of the essential autophagy gene Becn1 led to overall increase in neuroinflammation after TBI. In particular, we observed excessive activation of the innate immune responses, including both the type-I interferon and inflammasome pathways. Defects in microglial and macrophage autophagy following injury were associated with decreased phagocytic clearance of danger/damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) responsible for activation of the cellular innate immune responses. Our data also demonstrated a role for precision autophagy in targeting and degradation of innate immune pathways components, such as the NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, inhibition of microglial/macrophage autophagy led to increased neurodegeneration and worse long-term cognitive outcomes after TBI. Conversely, increasing autophagy by treatment with rapamycin decreased inflammation and improved outcomes in wild-type mice after TBI. Overall, our work demonstrates that inhibition of autophagy in microglia and infiltrating macrophages contributes to excessive neuroinflammation following brain injury and in the long term may prevent resolution of inflammation and tissue regeneration.Abbreviations: Becn1/BECN1, beclin 1, autophagy related; CCI, controlled cortical impact; Cybb/CYBB/NOX2: cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide; DAMP, danger/damage-associated molecular patterns; Il1b/IL1B/Il-1β, interleukin 1 beta; LAP, LC3-associated phagocytosis; Map1lc3b/MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; Mefv/MEFV/TRIM20: Mediterranean fever; Nos2/NOS2/iNOS: nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible; Nlrp3/NLRP3, NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3; Sqstm1/SQSTM1/p62, sequestosome 1; TBI, traumatic brain injury; Tnf/TNF/TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor; Ulk1/ULK1, unc-51 like kinase 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Hegdekar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chinmoy Sarkar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina Bustos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rodney M Ritzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, Tx, USA
| | - Marie Hanscom
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Prarthana Ravishankar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deepika Philkana
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Junfang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marta M Lipinski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bolte AC, Shapiro DA, Dutta AB, Ma WF, Bruch KR, Kovacs MA, Royo Marco A, Ennerfelt HE, Lukens JR. The meningeal transcriptional response to traumatic brain injury and aging. eLife 2023; 12:e81154. [PMID: 36594818 PMCID: PMC9810333 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the meningeal compartment plays instrumental roles in various neurological disorders, however, we still lack fundamental knowledge about meningeal biology. Here, we utilized high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques to investigate the transcriptional response of the meninges to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and aging in the sub-acute and chronic time frames. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we first explored how mild TBI affects the cellular and transcriptional landscape in the meninges in young mice at one-week post-injury. Then, using bulk RNA-seq, we assessed the differential long-term outcomes between young and aged mice following TBI. In our scRNA-seq studies, we highlight injury-related changes in differential gene expression seen in major meningeal cell populations including macrophages, fibroblasts, and adaptive immune cells. We found that TBI leads to an upregulation of type I interferon (IFN) signature genes in macrophages and a controlled upregulation of inflammatory-related genes in the fibroblast and adaptive immune cell populations. For reasons that remain poorly understood, even mild injuries in the elderly can lead to cognitive decline and devastating neuropathology. To better understand the differential outcomes between the young and the elderly following brain injury, we performed bulk RNA-seq on young and aged meninges 1.5 months after TBI. Notably, we found that aging alone induced upregulation of meningeal genes involved in antibody production by B cells and type I IFN signaling. Following injury, the meningeal transcriptome had largely returned to its pre-injury signature in young mice. In stark contrast, aged TBI mice still exhibited upregulation of immune-related genes and downregulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. Overall, these findings illustrate the dynamic transcriptional response of the meninges to mild head trauma in youth and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C Bolte
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Immunology Training Program, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Daniel A Shapiro
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Arun B Dutta
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Wei Feng Ma
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Katherine R Bruch
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Michael A Kovacs
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Immunology Training Program, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Ana Royo Marco
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Hannah E Ennerfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - John R Lukens
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Immunology Training Program, University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ding J, Dai Y, Zhu J, Fan X, Zhang H, Tang B. Research advances in cGAS-stimulator of interferon genes pathway and central nervous system diseases: Focus on new therapeutic approaches. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1050837. [PMID: 36618820 PMCID: PMC9817143 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1050837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a crucial innate immune sensor, recognizes cytosolic DNA and induces stimulator of interferon genes (STING) to produce type I interferon and other proinflammatory cytokines, thereby mediating innate immune signaling. The cGAS-STING pathway is involved in the regulation of infectious diseases, anti-tumor immunity, and autoimmune diseases; in addition, it plays a key role in the development of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Therapeutics targeting the modulation of cGAS-STING have promising clinical applications. Here, we summarize the cGAS-STING signaling mechanism and the recent research on its role in CNS diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Ding
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijie Dai
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hao Zhang,
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Bo Tang,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dodd WS, Panther EJ, Pierre K, Hernandez JS, Patel D, Lucke-Wold B. Traumatic Brain Injury and Secondary Neurodegenerative Disease. TRAUMA CARE 2022; 2:510-522. [PMID: 36211982 PMCID: PMC9541088 DOI: 10.3390/traumacare2040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating event with severe long-term complications. TBI and its sequelae are one of the leading causes of death and disability in those under 50 years old. The full extent of secondary brain injury is still being intensely investigated; however, it is now clear that neurotrauma can incite chronic neurodegenerative processes. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Parkinson's disease, and many other neurodegenerative syndromes have all been associated with a history of traumatic brain injury. The complex nature of these pathologies can make clinical assessment, diagnosis, and treatment challenging. The goal of this review is to provide a concise appraisal of the literature with focus on emerging strategies to improve clinical outcomes. First, we review the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of neurotrauma-related neurodegeneration and discuss the clinical implications of this rapidly evolving field. Next, because clinical evaluation and neuroimaging are essential to the diagnosis and management of neurodegenerative diseases, we analyze the clinical investigations that are transforming these areas of research. Finally, we briefly review some of the preclinical therapies that have shown the most promise in improving outcomes after neurotrauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William S. Dodd
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Eric J. Panther
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kevin Pierre
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jairo S. Hernandez
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Devan Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Amplified Gliosis and Interferon-Associated Inflammation in the Aging Brain following Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurosci 2022; 42:9082-9096. [PMID: 36257689 PMCID: PMC9732830 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1377-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with chronic psychiatric complications and increased risk for development of neurodegenerative pathology. Aged individuals account for most TBI-related hospitalizations and deaths. Nonetheless, neurobiological mechanisms that underlie worsened functional outcomes after TBI in the elderly remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify pathways that govern differential responses to TBI with age. Here, adult (2 months of age) and aged (16-18 months of age) male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to diffuse brain injury (midline fluid percussion), and cognition, gliosis, and neuroinflammation were determined 7 or 30 d postinjury (dpi). Cognitive impairment was evident 7 dpi, independent of age. There was enhanced morphologic restructuring of microglia and astrocytes 7 dpi in the cortex and hippocampus of aged mice compared with adults. Transcriptional analysis revealed robust age-dependent amplification of cytokine/chemokine, complement, innate immune, and interferon-associated inflammatory gene expression in the cortex 7 dpi. Ingenuity pathway analysis of the transcriptional data showed that type I interferon (IFN) signaling was significantly enhanced in the aged brain after TBI compared with adults. Age prolonged inflammatory signaling and microgliosis 30 dpi with an increased presence of rod microglia. Based on these results, a STING (stimulator of interferon genes) agonist, DMXAA, was used to determine whether augmenting IFN signaling worsened cortical inflammation and gliosis after TBI. DMXAA-treated Adult-TBI mice showed comparable expression of myriad genes that were overexpressed in the cortex of Aged-TBI mice, including Irf7, Clec7a, Cxcl10, and Ccl5 Overall, diffuse TBI promoted amplified IFN signaling in aged mice, resulting in extended inflammation and gliosis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Elderly individuals are at higher risk of complications following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Individuals >70 years old have the highest rates of TBI-related hospitalization, neurodegenerative pathology, and death. Although inflammation has been linked with poor outcomes in aging, the specific biological pathways driving worsened outcomes after TBI in aging remain undefined. In this study, we identify amplified interferon-associated inflammation and gliosis in aged mice following TBI that was associated with persistent inflammatory gene expression and microglial morphologic diversity 30 dpi. STING (stimulator of interferon genes) agonist DMXAA was used to demonstrate a causal link between augmented interferon signaling and worsened neuroinflammation after TBI. Therefore, interferon signaling may represent a therapeutic target to reduce inflammation-associated complications following TBI.
Collapse
|
36
|
Xu XJ, Ge QQ, Yang MS, Zhuang Y, Zhang B, Dong JQ, Niu F, Li H, Liu BY. Neutrophil-derived interleukin-17A participates in neuroinflammation induced by traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1046-1051. [PMID: 36254991 PMCID: PMC9827773 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
After brain injury, infiltration and abnormal activation of neutrophils damages brain tissue and worsens inflammation, but the mediators that connect activated neutrophils with neuroinflammation have not yet been fully clarified. To identify regulators of neutrophil-mediated neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury, a mouse model of traumatic brain injury was established by controlled cortical impact. At 7 days post-injury (sub-acute phase), genome-wide transcriptomic data showed that interleukin 17A-associated signaling pathways were markedly upregulated, suggesting that interleukin 17A may be involved in neuroinflammation. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that interleukin 17A was largely secreted by neutrophils rather than by glial cells and neurons. Furthermore, nuclear factor-kappaB and Stat3, both of which are important effectors in interleukin 17A-mediated proinflammatory responses, were significantly activated. Collectively, our findings suggest that neutrophil-derived interleukin 17A participates in neutrophil-mediated neuroinflammation during the subacute phase of traumatic brain injury. Therefore, interleukin 17A may be a promising therapeutic target for traumatic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jian Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Qian Ge
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Shi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Qian Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bai-Yun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Nerve Injury and Repair Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China,Correspondence to: Bai-Yun Liu, .
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhao Y, Ma C, Chen C, Li S, Wang Y, Yang T, Stetler RA, Bennett MVL, Dixon CE, Chen J, Shi Y. STAT1 Contributes to Microglial/Macrophage Inflammation and Neurological Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurosci 2022; 42:7466-7481. [PMID: 35985835 PMCID: PMC9525171 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0682-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a plethora of inflammatory events in the brain that aggravate secondary injury and impede tissue repair. Resident microglia (Mi) and blood-borne infiltrating macrophages (MΦ) are major players of inflammatory responses in the post-TBI brain and possess high functional heterogeneity. However, the plasticity of these cells has yet to be exploited to develop therapies that can mitigate brain inflammation and improve the outcome after TBI. This study investigated the transcription factor STAT1 as a key determinant of proinflammatory Mi/MΦ responses and aimed to develop STAT1 as a novel therapeutic target for TBI using a controlled cortical impact model of TBI on adult male mice. TBI induced robust upregulation of STAT1 in the brain at the subacute injury stage, which occurred primarily in Mi/MΦ. Intraperitoneal administration of fludarabine, a selective STAT1 inhibitor, markedly alleviated proinflammatory Mi/MΦ responses and brain inflammation burden after TBI. Such phenotype-modulating effects of fludarabine on post-TBI Mi/MΦ were reproduced by tamoxifen-induced, selective KO of STAT1 in Mi/MΦ (STAT1 mKO). By propelling Mi/MΦ away from a detrimental proinflammatory phenotype, STAT1 mKO was sufficient to reduce long-term neurologic deficits and brain lesion size after TBI. Importantly, short-term fludarabine treatment after TBI elicited long-lasting improvement of TBI outcomes, but this effect was lost on STAT1 mKO mice. Together, our study provided the first line of evidence that STAT1 causatively determines the proinflammatory phenotype of brain Mi/MΦ after TBI. We also showed promising preclinical data supporting the use of fludarabine as a novel immunomodulating therapy to TBI.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The functional phenotype of microglia and macrophages (Mi/MΦ) critically influences brain inflammation and the outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, no therapies have been developed to modulate Mi/MΦ functions to treat TBI. Here we report, for the first time, that the transcription factor STAT1 is a key mediator of proinflammatory Mi/MΦ responses in the post-TBI brain, the specific deletion of which ameliorates neuroinflammation and improves long-term functional recovery after TBI. We also show excellent efficacy of a selective STAT1 inhibitor fludarabine against TBI-induced functional deficits and brain injury using a mouse model, presenting STAT1 as a promising therapeutic target for TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Zhao
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Cheng Ma
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Caixia Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Sicheng Li
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Yangfan Wang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Tuo Yang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - R Anne Stetler
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Michael V L Bennett
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - C Edward Dixon
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Yejie Shi
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abdelhamid SS, Scioscia J, Vodovotz Y, Wu J, Rosengart A, Sung E, Rahman S, Voinchet R, Bonaroti J, Li S, Darby JL, Kar UK, Neal MD, Sperry J, Das J, Billiar TR. Multi-Omic Admission-Based Prognostic Biomarkers Identified by Machine Learning Algorithms Predict Patient Recovery and 30-Day Survival in Trauma Patients. Metabolites 2022; 12:774. [PMID: 36144179 PMCID: PMC9500723 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Admission-based circulating biomarkers for the prediction of outcomes in trauma patients could be useful for clinical decision support. It is unknown which molecular classes of biomolecules can contribute biomarkers to predictive modeling. Here, we analyzed a large multi-omic database of over 8500 markers (proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics) to identify prognostic biomarkers in the circulating compartment for adverse outcomes, including mortality and slow recovery, in severely injured trauma patients. Admission plasma samples from patients (n = 129) enrolled in the Prehospital Air Medical Plasma (PAMPer) trial were analyzed using mass spectrometry (metabolomics and lipidomics) and aptamer-based (proteomics) assays. Biomarkers were selected via Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression modeling and machine learning analysis. A combination of five proteins from the proteomic layer was best at discriminating resolvers from non-resolvers from critical illness with an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.74, while 26 multi-omic features predicted 30-day survival with an AUC of 0.77. Patients with traumatic brain injury as part of their injury complex had a unique subset of features that predicted 30-day survival. Our findings indicate that multi-omic analyses can identify novel admission-based prognostic biomarkers for outcomes in trauma patients. Unique biomarker discovery also has the potential to provide biologic insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sultan S. Abdelhamid
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jacob Scioscia
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yoram Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Junru Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Eight-Year Program of Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Anna Rosengart
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Eunseo Sung
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Syed Rahman
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert Voinchet
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jillian Bonaroti
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Shimena Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Darby
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Upendra K. Kar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Matthew D. Neal
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jason Sperry
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jishnu Das
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R. Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Harmon E, Doan A, Bautista-Garrido J, Jung JE, Marrelli SP, Kim GS. Increased Expression of Interferon-Induced Transmembrane 3 (IFITM3) in Stroke and Other Inflammatory Conditions in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8885. [PMID: 36012150 PMCID: PMC9408431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the brain, become more highly reactive with aging and diseased conditions. In collaboration with other cell types in brains, microglia can contribute both to worsened outcome following stroke or other neurodegenerative diseases and to the recovery process by changing their phenotype toward reparative microglia. Recently, IFITM3 (a member of the "interferon-inducible transmembrane" family) has been revealed as a molecular mediator between amyloid pathology and neuroinflammation. Expression of IFITM3 in glial cells, especially microglia following stroke, is not well described. Here, we present evidence that ischemic stroke causes an increase in IFITM3 expression along with increased microglial activation marker genes in aged brains. To further validate the induction of IFITM3 in post-stroke brains, primary microglia and microglial-like cells were exposed to a variety of inflammatory conditions, which significantly induced IFITM3 as well as other inflammatory markers. These findings suggest the critical role of IFITM3 in inducing inflammation. Our findings on the expression of IFITM3 in microglia and in aged brains following stroke could establish the basic foundations for the role of IFITM3 in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those that are prevalent or enhanced in the aged brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gab Seok Kim
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang LM, Xin Y, Wu ZY, Song RX, Miao HT, Zheng WC, Li Y, Zhang DX, Zhao XC. STING mediates neuroinflammatory response by activating NLRP3-related pyroptosis in severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2022; 162:444-462. [PMID: 35892155 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Long-term neurological deficits after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), including cognitive dysfunction and emotional impairments, can significantly impair rehabilitation. Glial activation induced by inflammatory response is involved in the neurological deficits post-TBI. This study aimed to investigate the role of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) signaling in a rodent model of severe TBI. Severe TBI models were established using weight-drop plus blood loss-reinfusion. Selective STING agonist ADU-S100 or antagonist C-176 was given as a single dose after modeling. Further, NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 or activator nigericin, or caspase-1 inhibitor VX765, was given as an intracerebroventricular injection 30 min before modeling. After that, a novel object recognition test, open field test, force swimming test, western blot, and immunofluorescence assays were used to assess behavioral and pathological changes in severe TBI. Administration of C-176 alleviated TBI-induced cognitive dysfunction and emotional impairments, neuronal loss, and inflammatory activation of glia cells. However, the administration of STING agonist ADU-S100 exacerbated TBI-induced behavioral and pathological changes. In addition, STING activation exacerbated pyroptosis-associated neuroinflammation via promoting glial activation, as evidenced by increased cleaved caspase-1 and GSDMD N-terminal expression. In contrast, the administration of C-176 showed anti-pyroptotic effects. The neuroprotective effects of C-176 were partially reversed by the NLRP3 activator, nigericin. Collectively, glial STING is responsible for neuroinflammation post-TBI. However, pharmacologic inhibition of STING led to a remarkable improvement of neuroinflammation partly through suppressing NLRP3 signaling. The STING-NLRP3 signaling is a potential therapeutic target in TBI-induced neurological dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research (Preparing)
| | - Yue Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-You Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Xin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Tao Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Chao Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Xue Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kang N, Shi Y, Song J, Gao F, Fan M, Jin W, Gao Y, Lv P. Resveratrol reduces inflammatory response and detrimental effects in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by down-regulating stimulator of interferon genes/TANK-binding kinase 1/interferon regulatory factor 3 signaling. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:868484. [PMID: 35936778 PMCID: PMC9354401 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.868484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) play a critical role in the progression of vascular dementia. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling function as a key mediator of inflammation and immunological responses in the central nervous system (CNS), and resveratrol (RES) exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects. However, the role of STING signaling and the relationship between RES and STING signaling in persistent hypoperfusion-induced cerebral inflammation remain unclear. In this study, Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to either Sham or bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) surgery and received RES or vehicle daily by intraperitoneal injection for 4 or 8 weeks. Morris’s water maze was used for the analysis of cognitive function. The neuroinflammatory responses in white matter and hippocampus of the rat brain were assessed by Western blot, Immunofluorescence staining, and qRT-PCR analyses. Myelin integrity, neutrophil infiltration, and microglia proliferation were assessed by Immunohistochemistry and histologic analysis. We demonstrated that after CCH, neurons, microglia, and astrocyte under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress upregulated the expression of STING, TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), as well as translocation of IRF3 into the nucleus. These were accompanied by infiltration of neutrophils, activation of microglia, and overproduction of proinflammatory mediators. Improvements in cognitive deficits were related to reduced hippocampal neuronal cell death and increased myelin integrity in RES-treated rats. The neuroprotective effects of RES were associated with suppression of the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), VCAM-1, interferon-β (IFN-β), and IL-1β, likely through mitigation of the STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway. These inhibitory effects exerted by RES also inhibited the levels of myeloperoxidase, reduced excess expression of reactive astrocytes, and activated microglia. In conclusion, the STING/TBK1/IRF3 axis may be critical for proinflammatory responses in cerebral tissue with persistent hypoperfusion, and RES exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiaxi Song
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingyue Fan
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yaran Gao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Peiyuan Lv,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
McEntee CM, LaRocca TJ. Commentary: Type I Interferon Response Is Mediated by NLRX1-cGAS-STING Signaling in Brain Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:947542. [PMID: 35832396 PMCID: PMC9271850 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.947542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cali M. McEntee
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Thomas J. LaRocca
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas J. LaRocca
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li X, Yang W, Shen Y, Liu F, Xiong X, Wu Q, Xiao Z, Yang X, Dang R, Manaenko A, Xie P, Li Q. Analysis of Age-Dependent Transcriptomic Changes in Response to Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:908683. [PMID: 35677585 PMCID: PMC9169040 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.908683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is a well-known risk factor that is independently associated with poor outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the interrelationship between age and poor outcomes after ICH is not well defined. In this study, we aimed to investigate this relationship based on collagenase-induced ICH mice models. After being assessed neurological deficit 24 h after ICH, mice were euthanized and brain perihematomal tissues were used for RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). And then the functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified by RNA-seq were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. In addition, we performed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for validation of candidate DEGs. In the behavioral tests, aged mice presented significantly worse neurological function than young mice and greater weight loss than aged sham controls 24 h after ICH. In DEGs analysis, ICH affected the expression of more genes in young mice (2,337 DEGs) compared with aged mice (2,005 DEGs). We found aged mice exhibited increased brain inflammatory responses compared with young animals and ICH induced significant activation of the interferon-β (IFN-β) and IFN signaling pathways exclusively in aged mice. Moreover, further analysis demonstrated that ICH resulted in the activation of cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway with the production of downstream molecule type I IFN, and the response to type I IFN was more significant in aged mice than in young mice. In agreement with the results of RNA-seq, RT-qPCR indicated that the expression of candidate genes of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), and IFN-β was significantly altered in aged mice after ICH. Taken together, our study indicated that compared to young animals, aged mice exhibit increased vulnerability to ICH and that the differences in transcriptional response patterns to ICH between young and aged mice. We believe that these findings will facilitate our understanding of ICH pathology and help to translate the results of preclinical studies into a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wensong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiqing Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongsong Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xun Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruozhi Dang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Anatol Manaenko
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Li,
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Li,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bray CE, Witcher KG, Adekunle-Adegbite D, Ouvina M, Witzel M, Hans E, Tapp ZM, Packer J, Goodman E, Zhao F, Chunchai T, O'Neil S, Chattipakorn SC, Sheridan J, Kokiko-Cochran ON, Askwith C, Godbout JP. Chronic Cortical Inflammation, Cognitive Impairment, and Immune Reactivity Associated with Diffuse Brain Injury Are Ameliorated by Forced Turnover of Microglia. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4215-4228. [PMID: 35440489 PMCID: PMC9121837 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1910-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative complications that may develop after injury. Increased microglial reactivity following TBI may underlie chronic neuroinflammation, neuropathology, and exaggerated responses to immune challenges. Therefore, the goal of this study was to force turnover of trauma-associated microglia that develop after diffuse TBI and determine whether this alleviated chronic inflammation, improved functional recovery and attenuated reduced immune reactivity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Male mice received a midline fluid percussion injury (mFPI) and 7 d later were subjected to a forced microglia turnover paradigm using CSF1R antagonism (PLX5622). At 30 d postinjury (dpi), cortical gene expression, dendritic complexity, myelin content, neuronal connectivity, cognition, and immune reactivity were assessed. Myriad neuropathology-related genes were increased 30 dpi in the cortex, and 90% of these gene changes were reversed by microglial turnover. Reduced neuronal connectivity was evident 30 dpi and these deficits were attenuated by microglial turnover. TBI-associated dendritic remodeling and myelin alterations, however, remained 30 dpi independent of microglial turnover. In assessments of functional recovery, increased depressive-like behavior, and cognitive impairment 30 dpi were ameliorated by microglia turnover. To investigate microglial priming and reactivity 30 dpi, mice were injected intraperitoneally with LPS. This immune challenge caused prolonged lethargy, sickness behavior, and microglial reactivity in the TBI mice. These extended complications with LPS in TBI mice were prevented by microglia turnover. Collectively, microglial turnover 7 dpi alleviated behavioral and cognitive impairments associated with microglial priming and immune reactivity 30 dpi.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A striking feature of traumatic brain injury (TBI), even mild injuries, is that over 70% of individuals have long-term neuropsychiatric complications. Chronic inflammatory processes are implicated in the pathology of these complications and these issues can be exaggerated by immune challenge. Therefore, our goal was to force the turnover of microglia 7 d after TBI. This subacute 7 d postinjury (dpi) time point is a critical transitional period in the shift toward chronic inflammatory processes and microglia priming. This forced microglia turnover intervention in mice attenuated the deficits in behavior and cognition 30 dpi. Moreover, microglia priming and immune reactivity after TBI were also reduced with microglia turnover. Therefore, microglia represent therapeutic targets after TBI to reduce persistent neuroinflammation and improve recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E Bray
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Kristina G Witcher
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | | | - Michelle Ouvina
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Mollie Witzel
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Emma Hans
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Zoe M Tapp
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jonathan Packer
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Ethan Goodman
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Fangli Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Neurophysiology unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Shane O'Neil
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - John Sheridan
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Olga N Kokiko-Cochran
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Candice Askwith
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Brett BL, Gardner RC, Godbout J, Dams-O’Connor K, Keene CD. Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Neurodegenerative Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:498-507. [PMID: 34364650 PMCID: PMC8636548 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly of greater severity (i.e., moderate to severe), has been identified as a risk factor for all-cause dementia and Parkinson's disease, with risk for specific dementia subtypes being more variable. Among the limited studies involving neuropathological (postmortem) confirmation, the association between TBI and risk for neurodegenerative disease increases in complexity, with polypathology often reported on examination. The heterogeneous clinical and neuropathological outcomes associated with TBI are likely reflective of the multifaceted postinjury acute and chronic processes that may contribute to neurodegeneration. Acutely in TBI, axonal injury and disrupted transport influences molecular mechanisms fundamental to the formation of pathological proteins, such as amyloid-β peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau. These protein deposits may develop into amyloid-β plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau-positive neurofibrillary tangles, and dystrophic neurites. These and other characteristic neurodegenerative disease pathologies may then spread across brain regions. The acute immune and neuroinflammatory response involves alteration of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and endothelial cells; release of downstream pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines; and recruitment of peripheral immune cells. Although thought to be neuroprotective and reparative initially, prolongation of these processes may promote neurodegeneration. We review the evidence for TBI as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's dementia and Parkinson's disease, in clinical and neuropathological studies. Further, we describe the dynamic interactions between acute response to injury and chronic processes that may be involved in TBI-related pathogenesis and progression of neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Brett
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of
Wisconsin,Corresponding author: Benjamin L.
Brett, 414-955-7316, , Medical College of
Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Raquel C. Gardner
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill
Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco and the San
Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | - Jonathan Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronic Brain Injury Program,
The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Kristen Dams-O’Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance,
Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY
| | - C. Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University
of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Role of Inflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury-Associated Risk for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: State of the Evidence and Where Do We Go From Here. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:438-448. [PMID: 34955170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been an increasing awareness that traumatic brain injury (TBI) and concussion substantially increase the risk for developing psychiatric disorders. Even mild TBI increases the risk for depression and anxiety disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder by two- to threefold, predisposing patients to further functional impairment. This strong epidemiological link supports examination of potential mechanisms driving neuropsychiatric symptom development after TBI. One potential mechanism for increased neuropsychiatric symptoms after TBI is via inflammatory processes, as central nervous system inflammation can last years after initial injury. There is emerging preliminary evidence that TBI patients with posttraumatic stress disorder or depression exhibit increased central and peripheral inflammatory markers compared with TBI patients without these comorbidities. Growing evidence has demonstrated that immune signaling in animals plays an integral role in depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors after severe stress or brain injury. In this review, we will 1) discuss current evidence for chronic inflammation after TBI in the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms, 2) highlight potential microglial activation and cytokine signaling contributions, and 3) discuss potential promise and pitfalls for immune-targeted interventions and biomarker strategies to identify and treat TBI patients with immune-related neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Collapse
|
47
|
Fritsch LE, Ju J, Gudenschwager Basso EK, Soliman E, Paul S, Chen J, Kaloss AM, Kowalski EA, Tuhy TC, Somaiya RD, Wang X, Allen IC, Theus MH, Pickrell AM. Type I Interferon Response Is Mediated by NLRX1-cGAS-STING Signaling in Brain Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:852243. [PMID: 35283725 PMCID: PMC8916033 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.852243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is a significant contributor to neuronal death and dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recent evidence suggests that interferons may be a key regulator of this response. Our studies evaluated the role of the Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS-STING) signaling pathway in a murine model of TBI. Methods Male, 8-week old wildtype, STING knockout (−/−), cGAS−/−, and NLRX1−/− mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) or sham injury. Histopathological evaluation of tissue damage was assessed using non-biased stereology, which was complemented by analysis at the mRNA and protein level using qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Results We found that STING and Type I interferon-stimulated genes were upregulated after CCI injury in a bi-phasic manner and that loss of cGAS or STING conferred neuroprotection concomitant with a blunted inflammatory response at 24 h post-injury. cGAS−/− animals showed reduced motor deficits 4 days after injury (dpi), and amelioration of tissue damage was seen in both groups of mice up to 14 dpi. Given that cGAS requires a cytosolic damage- or pathogen-associated molecular pattern (DAMP/PAMP) to prompt downstream STING signaling, we further demonstrate that mitochondrial DNA is present in the cytosol after TBI as one possible trigger for this pathway. Recent reports suggest that the immune modulator NLR containing X1 (NLRX1) may sequester STING during viral infection. Our findings show that NLRX1 may be an additional regulator that functions upstream to regulate the cGAS-STING pathway in the brain. Conclusions These findings suggest that the canonical cGAS-STING-mediated Type I interferon signaling axis is a critical component of neural tissue damage following TBI and that mtDNA may be a possible trigger in this response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Fritsch
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Jing Ju
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Eman Soliman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Swagatika Paul
- Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jiang Chen
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Alexandra M. Kaloss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Kowalski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Taylor C. Tuhy
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rachana Deven Somaiya
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Irving Coy Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Michelle H. Theus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Alicia M. Pickrell Michelle H. Theus
| | - Alicia M. Pickrell
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Alicia M. Pickrell Michelle H. Theus
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kazakov AS, Sofin AD, Avkhacheva NV, Deryusheva EI, Rastrygina VA, Permyakova ME, Uversky VN, Permyakov EA, Permyakov SE. Interferon-β Activity Is Affected by S100B Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041997. [PMID: 35216109 PMCID: PMC8877046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-β (IFN-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine secreted in response to various pathological conditions and is clinically used for therapy of multiple sclerosis. Its application for treatment of cancer, infections and pulmonary diseases is limited by incomplete understanding of regulatory mechanisms of its functioning. Recently, we reported that IFN-β activity is affected by interactions with S100A1, S100A4, S100A6, and S100P proteins, which are members of the S100 protein family of multifunctional Ca2+-binding proteins possessing cytokine-like activities (Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(24):9473). Here we show that IFN-β interacts with one more representative of the S100 protein family, the S100B protein, involved in numerous oncological and neurological diseases. The use of chemical crosslinking, intrinsic fluorescence, and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy revealed IFN-β binding to Ca2+-loaded dimeric and monomeric forms of the S100B protein. Calcium depletion blocks the S100B–IFN-β interaction. S100B monomerization increases its affinity to IFN-β by 2.7 orders of magnitude (equilibrium dissociation constant of the complex reaches 47 pM). Crystal violet assay demonstrated that combined application of IFN-β and S100B (5–25 nM) eliminates their inhibitory effects on MCF-7 cell viability. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the direct modulation of IFN-β activity by the S100B protein described here could be relevant to progression of multiple oncological and neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S. Kazakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.D.S.); (N.V.A.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Alexander D. Sofin
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.D.S.); (N.V.A.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Nadezhda V. Avkhacheva
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.D.S.); (N.V.A.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Evgenia I. Deryusheva
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.D.S.); (N.V.A.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Victoria A. Rastrygina
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.D.S.); (N.V.A.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Maria E. Permyakova
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.D.S.); (N.V.A.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: (V.N.U.); (S.E.P.); Tel.: +7-(495)-143-7741 (S.E.P.); Fax: +7-(4967)-33-05-22 (S.E.P.)
| | - Eugene A. Permyakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.D.S.); (N.V.A.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Sergei E. Permyakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.K.); (A.D.S.); (N.V.A.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.P.)
- Correspondence: (V.N.U.); (S.E.P.); Tel.: +7-(495)-143-7741 (S.E.P.); Fax: +7-(4967)-33-05-22 (S.E.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Houle S, Kokiko-Cochran ON. A Levee to the Flood: Pre-injury Neuroinflammation and Immune Stress Influence Traumatic Brain Injury Outcome. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:788055. [PMID: 35095471 PMCID: PMC8790486 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.788055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that aging influences the brain's response to traumatic brain injury (TBI), setting the stage for neurodegenerative pathology like Alzheimer's disease (AD). This topic is often dominated by discussions of post-injury aging and inflammation, which can diminish the consideration of those same factors before TBI. In fact, pre-TBI aging and inflammation may be just as critical in mediating outcomes. For example, elderly individuals suffer from the highest rates of TBI of all severities. Additionally, pre-injury immune challenges or stressors may alter pathology and outcome independent of age. The inflammatory response to TBI is malleable and influenced by previous, coincident, and subsequent immune insults. Therefore, pre-existing conditions that elicit or include an inflammatory response could substantially influence the brain's ability to respond to traumatic injury and ultimately affect chronic outcome. The purpose of this review is to detail how age-related cellular and molecular changes, as well as genetic risk variants for AD affect the neuroinflammatory response to TBI. First, we will review the sources and pathology of neuroinflammation following TBI. Then, we will highlight the significance of age-related, endogenous sources of inflammation, including changes in cytokine expression, reactive oxygen species processing, and mitochondrial function. Heightened focus is placed on the mitochondria as an integral link between inflammation and various genetic risk factors for AD. Together, this review will compile current clinical and experimental research to highlight how pre-existing inflammatory changes associated with infection and stress, aging, and genetic risk factors can alter response to TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Houle
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bao T, Liu J, Leng J, Cai L. The cGAS-STING pathway: more than fighting against viruses and cancer. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:209. [PMID: 34906241 PMCID: PMC8670263 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the classic Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, downstream signals can control the production of type I interferon and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells to promote the activation of pro-inflammatory molecules, which are mainly induced during antiviral responses. However, with progress in this area of research, studies focused on autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions that may be relevant to cGAS–STING pathways have been conducted. This review mainly highlights the functions of the cGAS–STING pathway in chronic inflammatory diseases. Importantly, the cGAS–STING pathway has a major impact on lipid metabolism. Different research groups have confirmed that the cGAS–STING pathway plays an important role in the chronic inflammatory status in various organs. However, this pathway has not been studied in depth in diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Current research on the cGAS–STING pathway has shown that the targeted therapy of diseases that may be caused by inflammation via the cGAS–STING pathway has promising outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terigen Bao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiyan Leng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.,Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|