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Gao J, Gu C, Long Y, Zhang X, Shen C, Yang H. Collective behaviors of animal groups may stem from visual lateralization-Tending to obtain information through one eye. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2024; 34:043147. [PMID: 38648384 DOI: 10.1063/5.0199200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Animal groups exhibit various captivating movement patterns, which manifest as intricate interactions among group members. Several models have been proposed to elucidate collective behaviors in animal groups. These models achieve a certain degree of efficacy; however, inconsistent experimental findings suggest insufficient accuracy. Experiments have shown that some organisms employ a single information channel and visual lateralization to glean knowledge from other individuals in collective movements. In this study, we consider individuals' visual lateralization and a single information channel and develop a self-propelled particle model to describe the collective behavior of large groups. The results suggest that homogeneous visual lateralization gives the group a strong sense of cohesiveness, thereby enabling diverse collective behaviors. As the overlapping field grows, the cohesiveness gradually dissipates. Inconsistent visual lateralization among group members can reduce the cohesiveness of the group, and when there is a high degree of heterogeneity in visual lateralization, the group loses their cohesiveness. This study also examines the influence of visual lateralization heterogeneity on specific formations, and the results indicate that the directional migration formation is responsive to such heterogeneity. We propose an information network to portray the transmission of information within groups, which explains the cohesiveness of groups and the sensitivity of the directional migration formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, People's Republic of China
| | - Changgui Gu
- Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongshang Long
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyun Zhang
- Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuansheng Shen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Yang
- Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
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2
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Ford A, Ammar Z, Li L, Shultz S. Lateralization of major white matter tracts during infancy is time-varying and tract-specific. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10221-10233. [PMID: 37595203 PMCID: PMC10545441 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lateralization patterns are a major structural feature of brain white matter and have been investigated as a neural architecture that indicates and supports the specialization of cognitive processing and observed behaviors, e.g. language skills. Many neurodevelopmental disorders have been associated with atypical lateralization, reinforcing the need for careful measurement and study of this structural characteristic. Unfortunately, there is little consensus on the direction and magnitude of lateralization in major white matter tracts during the first months and years of life-the period of most rapid postnatal brain growth and cognitive maturation. In addition, no studies have examined white matter lateralization in a longitudinal pediatric sample-preventing confirmation of if and how white matter lateralization changes over time. Using a densely sampled longitudinal data set from neurotypical infants aged 0-6 months, we aim to (i) chart trajectories of white matter lateralization in 9 major tracts and (ii) link variable findings from cross-sectional studies of white matter lateralization in early infancy. We show that patterns of lateralization are time-varying and tract-specific and that differences in lateralization results during this period may reflect the dynamic nature of lateralization through development, which can be missed in cross-sectional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiden Ford
- Neuroscience Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
- Marcus Autism Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - Zeena Ammar
- Neuroscience Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
- Marcus Autism Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - Longchuan Li
- Marcus Autism Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Sarah Shultz
- Neuroscience Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
- Marcus Autism Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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3
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Akabalieva K. Eye dominance and minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia: relations between two biological markers of abnormal neurodevelopment. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1145578. [PMID: 37363180 PMCID: PMC10289404 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1145578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the frequency of left eye dominance and minor physical anomalies (MPAs) in schizophrenia patients and control subjects and determine the interrelations of these two biological markers of neuronal dysontogenesis in schizophrenia. Subjects and methods Three tests for eye dominance were administered as performance tasks, not preference questionnaires. Seven MPAs were examined. The sample consisted of 180 (98 schizophrenia patients and 82 control subjects). Several statistical methods for examining the eye tests separately and together were used to assess the difference in left-eyedness between schizophrenia patients and control subjects. Results Left eye dominance is significantly higher in schizophrenia subjects. Left-eyed subjects are more stigmatized with MPAs. There is a strong positive correlation between left-eyedness and stigmatization with MPAs in schizophrenia patients. Conclusion As hand dominance is under cultural pressure, eye dominance is culturally independent and is useful and reliable indicator of altered hemispheric lateralization. The significant positive correlations between left-eyedness and MPAs and the high concurrence of these biological markers in schizophrenia patients are a potent indicator of underlying aberrant neurodevelopment.
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Deng M, Shi W, Chen H, Li X. The Effects of Power on Consumer Decision Strategies: The Mediating Role of Behavioral Approach-Inhibition Tendency and the Moderating Role of Gender. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:3931-3953. [PMID: 36605174 PMCID: PMC9809387 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s386917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies on consumer decision strategies have focused on the process or outcomes of decision-making using different decision strategies. Relatively little is known about the factors (especially decision makers' characteristics) influencing the use of different decision strategies. This study examined the effects of power on consumer decision strategies and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Studies 1 (N = 128) and 2 (N = 130) examined multiple- and binary-option situations, respectively. Participants' power was manipulated with a writing task and their consumer decision strategies were assessed through the selection tasks of restaurants and beach resorts. Study 3 (N = 326) further explored the mediator of approach-inhibition tendency and the moderator of gender in the relationship between power and consumer decision strategies. Participants' chronic sense of power, approach-inhibition tendency, and purchasing strategies were measured using questionnaires. Results Powerful (vs powerless) individuals prefer to use a direct selection (vs exclusion) strategy, regardless of whether they face multiple or binary choices. An increased approach (vs inhibition) tendency explains why elevated power promotes the use of the direct selection strategy. Moreover, gender plays a moderating role. Specifically, the mediation effect of approach (vs inhibition) tendency on the relationship between power and the preference for the direct selection (vs exclusion) strategy is stronger for males than for females. Conclusion This study extends previous research on power and consumer decision strategies by clarifying that the effects of power on consumer decision strategies are primarily driven by high power (but not by low power). Furthermore, by examining the mediator of approach-inhibition tendency and the moderator of gender, this study promotes a deeper understanding of how power affects consumer decision strategies and for whom the effect is more salient. Besides, the present research has contributions to the approach-inhibition theory of power and the literature on gender differences in consumer behavior, and has practical implications for business marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianlin Deng
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wendian Shi
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Wendian Shi, Department of Psychology, School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200234, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 021 64323104, Email
| | - Hejia Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,School of Society & Culture, Party School of Ningxia Committee of C.P.C, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of China
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Cholvin T, Bartos M. Hemisphere-specific spatial representation by hippocampal granule cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6227. [PMID: 36266288 PMCID: PMC9585038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) output plays a key role in the emergence of spatial and contextual map representation within the hippocampus during learning. Differences in neuronal network activity have been observed between left and right CA1-3 areas, implying lateralization in spatial coding properties. Whether bilateral differences of DG granule cell (GC) assemblies encoding spatial and contextual information exist remains largely unexplored. Here, we employed two-photon calcium imaging of the left or the right DG to record the activity of GC populations over five consecutive days in head-fixed mice navigating through familiar and novel virtual environments. Imaging revealed similar mean GC activity on both sides. However, spatial tuning, context-selectivity and run-to-run place field reliability was markedly higher for DG place cells in the left than the right hemisphere. Moreover, the proportion of GCs reconfiguring their place fields between contexts was greater in the left DG. Thus, our data suggest that contextual information is differentially processed by GC populations depending on the hemisphere, with higher context discrimination in the left but a bias towards generalization in the right DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Cholvin
- grid.5963.9Institute for Physiology I, University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Bartos
- grid.5963.9Institute for Physiology I, University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Hemispheric asymmetries for emotions in non-human primates: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104830. [PMID: 36031009 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of investigations evaluating hemispheric asymmetries for emotions in primates was undertaken to individuate the most consistent lines of research allowing to check the hypothesis of a continuum in emotional lateralization across vertebrates. We reviewed studies on the lateralization of emotional expression (N = 31) and perception (N = 32) and of markers of emotional activation (N = 9), trying to distinguish those which had given respectively more consistent or more conflicting outcomes. Furthermore, we tried to identify the most strongly supported model of emotional lateralization. The most consistent results were obtained in studies investigating asymmetries in emotional expression at the facial level and in the perception of emotional facial expressions, whereas the most disappointing data were obtained in investigations evaluating possible neurophysiological markers of lateralized emotional activation. These results supported more the hypothesis of a continuity between humans and non-human primates than the more general hypothesis of a continuum between humans and all vertebrates. Furthermore, results supported more the 'right hemisphere' than the 'valence' model of emotional lateralization.
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7
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Tarchi L, Damiani S, Fantoni T, Pisano T, Castellini G, Politi P, Ricca V. Centrality and interhemispheric coordination are related to different clinical/behavioral factors in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state fMRI study. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2526-2542. [PMID: 35859076 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00708-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Eigenvector-Centrality (EC) has shown promising results in the field of Psychiatry, with early results also pertaining to ADHD. Parallel efforts have focused on the description of aberrant interhemispheric coordination in ADHD, as measured by Voxel-Mirrored-Homotopic-Connectivity (VMHC), with early evidence of altered Resting-State fMRI. A sample was collected from the ADHD200-NYU initiative: 86 neurotypicals and 89 participants with ADHD between 7 and 18 years old were included after quality control for motion. After preprocessing, voxel-wise EC and VMHC values between diagnostic groups were compared, and network-level values from 15 functional networks extracted. Age, ADHD severity (Connor's Parent Rating-Scale), IQ (Wechsler-Abbreviated-Scale), and right-hand dominance were correlated with EC/VMHC values in the whole sample and within groups, both at the voxel-wise and network-level. Motion was controlled by censoring time-points with Framewise-Displacement > 0.5 mm, as well as controlling for group differences in mean Framewise-Displacement values. EC was significantly higher in ADHD compared to neurotypicals in the left inferior Frontal lobe, Lingual gyri, Peri-Calcarine cortex, superior and middle Occipital lobes, right inferior Occipital lobe, right middle Temporal gyrus, Fusiform gyri, bilateral Cuneus, right Precuneus, and Cerebellum (FDR-corrected-p = 0.05). No differences were observed between groups in voxel-wise VMHC. EC was positively correlated with ADHD severity scores at the network level (at p-value < 0.01, Inattentive: Cerebellum rho = 0.273; Hyper/Impulsive: High-Visual Network rho = 0.242, Cerebellum rho = 0.273; Global Index Severity: High-Visual Network rho = 0.241, Cerebellum rho = 0.293). No differences were observed between groups for motion (p = 0.443). While EC was more related to ADHD psychopathology, VMHC was consistently and negatively correlated with age across all networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Tarchi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, FI, Italy.
| | - Stefano Damiani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Teresa Fantoni
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pisano
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Politi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, FI, Italy
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8
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Karenina K, Giljov A. Lateralization in feeding is food type specific and impacts feeding success in wild birds. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8598. [PMID: 35154659 PMCID: PMC8820115 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research suggests that hemispheric lateralization has significant fitness consequences. Foraging, as a basic survival function, is a perfect research model to test the fitness impact of lateralization. However, our understanding of lateralized feeding behavior is based predominantly on laboratory studies, while the evidence from wild animals in natural settings is limited. Here we studied visual lateralization in yellow-footed green pigeons (Treron phoenicoptera) feeding in the wild. We aimed to test whether different types of food objects requiring different searching strategies elicit different eye/hemisphere biases. When feeding on relatively large, uniformly colored food objects (mahua flowers) which can be present or absent in the viewed patch, the majority of pigeons relied mostly on the left eye-right hemisphere. In contrast, when feeding on smaller and more abundant food objects, with color cues signaling its ripeness (sacred figs), right-eye (left-hemisphere) preference prevailed. Our results demonstrate that oppositely directed visual biases previously found in different experimental tasks occur in natural feeding situations in the form of lateralized viewing strategies specific for different types of food. The results suggest that pigeons rely on the hemisphere providing more advantages for the consumption of the particular type of food objects, implying the relevance of brain lateralization as a plastic adaptation to ecological demands. We assessed the success of food discrimination and consumption to examine the link between lateralization and cognitive performance. The use of the preferred eye resulted in better discrimination of food items. Discrimination accuracy and feeding efficiency were significantly higher in lateralized individuals. The results showed that visual lateralization impacted pigeons' feeding success, implicating important fitness benefits associated with lateralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Karenina
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology Saint Petersburg State University Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Andrey Giljov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology Saint Petersburg State University Saint Petersburg Russia
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Ruthig P, Schönwiesner M. Common principles in the lateralisation of auditory cortex structure and function for vocal communication in primates and rodents. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:827-845. [PMID: 34984748 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises recent findings on the lateralisation of communicative sound processing in the auditory cortex (AC) of humans, non-human primates, and rodents. Functional imaging in humans has demonstrated a left hemispheric preference for some acoustic features of speech, but it is unclear to which degree this is caused by bottom-up acoustic feature selectivity or top-down modulation from language areas. Although non-human primates show a less pronounced functional lateralisation in AC, the properties of AC fields and behavioral asymmetries are qualitatively similar. Rodent studies demonstrate microstructural circuits that might underlie bottom-up acoustic feature selectivity in both hemispheres. Functionally, the left AC in the mouse appears to be specifically tuned to communication calls, whereas the right AC may have a more 'generalist' role. Rodents also show anatomical AC lateralisation, such as differences in size and connectivity. Several of these functional and anatomical characteristics are also lateralized in human AC. Thus, complex vocal communication processing shares common features among rodents and primates. We argue that a synthesis of results from humans, non-human primates, and rodents is necessary to identify the neural circuitry of vocal communication processing. However, data from different species and methods are often difficult to compare. Recent advances may enable better integration of methods across species. Efforts to standardise data formats and analysis tools would benefit comparative research and enable synergies between psychological and biological research in the area of vocal communication processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Ruthig
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Sachsen.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig
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Kluever V, Fornasiero EF. Principles of brain aging: Status and challenges of modeling human molecular changes in mice. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101465. [PMID: 34555542 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to the extension of human life expectancy, the prevalence of cognitive impairment is rising in the older portion of society. Developing new strategies to delay or attenuate cognitive decline is vital. For this purpose, it is imperative to understand the cellular and molecular events at the basis of brain aging. While several organs are directly accessible to molecular analysis through biopsies, the brain constitutes a notable exception. Most of the molecular studies are performed on postmortem tissues, where cell death and tissue damage have already occurred. Hence, the study of the molecular aspects of cognitive decline largely relies on animal models and in particular on small mammals such as mice. What have we learned from these models? Do these animals recapitulate the changes observed in humans? What should we expect from future mouse studies? In this review we answer these questions by summarizing the state of the research that has addressed cognitive decline in mice from several perspectives, including genetic manipulation and omics strategies. We conclude that, while extremely valuable, mouse models have limitations that can be addressed by the optimal design of future studies and by ensuring that results are cross-validated in the human context.
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Zaynagutdinova E, Kölzsch A, Müskens GJDM, Vorotkov M, Sinelshikova A, Giljov A, Karenina K. Visual lateralization in flight: Lateral preferences in parent‐offspring relative positions in geese. Ethology 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Zaynagutdinova
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology Faculty of Biology Saint Petersburg State University St Petersburg Russia
| | - Andrea Kölzsch
- Department of MigrationMax Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Radolfzell Germany
| | | | - Michael Vorotkov
- The Central Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences at Pulkovo St Petersburg Russia
| | - Alexandra Sinelshikova
- Biological Station “Rybachy”Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Rybachy Russia
| | - Andrey Giljov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology Faculty of Biology Saint Petersburg State University St Petersburg Russia
| | - Karina Karenina
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology Faculty of Biology Saint Petersburg State University St Petersburg Russia
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12
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Visual Field Analysis: A reliable method to score left and right eye use using automated tracking. Behav Res Methods 2021; 54:1715-1724. [PMID: 34625917 PMCID: PMC9374601 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-021-01702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain and behavioural asymmetries have been documented in various taxa. Many of these asymmetries involve preferential left and right eye use. However, measuring eye use through manual frame-by-frame analyses from video recordings is laborious and may lead to biases. Recent progress in technology has allowed the development of accurate tracking techniques for measuring animal behaviour. Amongst these techniques, DeepLabCut, a Python-based tracking toolbox using transfer learning with deep neural networks, offers the possibility to track different body parts with unprecedented accuracy. Exploiting the potentialities of DeepLabCut, we developed Visual Field Analysis, an additional open-source application for extracting eye use data. To our knowledge, this is the first application that can automatically quantify left–right preferences in eye use. Here we test the performance of our application in measuring preferential eye use in young domestic chicks. The comparison with manual scoring methods revealed a near perfect correlation in the measures of eye use obtained by Visual Field Analysis. With our application, eye use can be analysed reliably, objectively and at a fine scale in different experimental paradigms.
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13
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Disconnection between Rat’s Left and Right Hemisphere Impairs Short-Term Memory but Not Long-Term Memory. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Split-brain experiments, which have been actively conducted since the twentieth century, have provided a great deal of insight into functional asymmetry and inter-hemispheric interactions. However, how communication between the left and right hemispheres directly contributes to memory formation is still poorly understood. To address this issue, we cut the rat commissural fibers prior to performing behavioral tests, which consisted of two short-term and two long-term memory tasks. The result showed that cutting the commissural fibers impairs short-term memory but not long-term memory. This suggests that the left-right hemispheric interaction through the commissural fibers contributes to the appropriate formation of short-term memory, but not that of long-term memory. Our findings would help to elucidate dynamic memory formation between the two hemispheres and contribute to the development of therapeutics for some neurological diseases which cause a reduction in the inter-hemispheric interaction.
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Wang H, Zhou H, Guo Y, Gao L, Xu H. Voxel-Wise Analysis of Structural and Functional MRI for Lateralization of Handedness in College Students. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:687965. [PMID: 34483863 PMCID: PMC8414999 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.687965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain structural and functional basis of lateralization in handedness is largely unclear. This study aimed to explore this issue by using voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) measured by resting-state functional MRI (R-fMRI) and gray matter asymmetry index (AI) by high-resolution anatomical images. A total of 50 healthy subjects were included, among them were 13 left-handers, 24 right-handers, and 13 mixed-handers. Structural and R-fMRI data of all subjects were collected. There were significant differences in VMHC among the three groups in lateral temporal-occipital, orbitofrontal, and primary hand motor regions. Meanwhile, there were significant differences in AI that existed in medial prefrontal, superior frontal, and superior temporal regions. Besides, the correlation analysis showed that the closer the handedness score to the extreme of the left-handedness (LH), the stronger the interhemispheric functional connectivity, as well as more leftward gray matter. In general, left/mixed-handedness (MH) showed stronger functional homotopy in the transmodal association regions that depend on the integrity of the corpus callosum, but more variable in primary sensorimotor cortices. Furthermore, the group differences in VMHC largely align with that in AI. We located the specific regions for LH/MH from the perspective of structural specification and functional integration, suggesting the plasticity of hand movement and different patterns of emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haha Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihao Guo
- Siemens MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Hossaini A, Valeriani D, Nam CS, Ferrante R, Mahmud M. A Functional BCI Model by the P2731 working group: Physiology. BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/2326263x.2021.1968665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hossaini
- Department of Engineering, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Chang S. Nam
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Mufti Mahmud
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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16
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McKenna F, Babb J, Miles L, Goff D, Lazar M. Reduced Microstructural Lateralization in Males with Chronic Schizophrenia: A Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging Study. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:2281-2294. [PMID: 31819950 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased brain lateralization is considered a trait marker of schizophrenia. Whereas reductions in both functional and macrostructural gray matter laterality in schizophrenia are well established, the investigation of gray matter microstructural lateralization has so far been limited to a small number of ex vivo studies, which limits the understanding of neurobiological substrates involved and development of adequate treatments. The aim of the current study was to assess in vivo gray matter microstructure lateralization patterns in schizophrenia by employing the diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI)-derived mean kurtosis (MK) metric. MK was calculated for 18 right-handed males with chronic schizophrenia and 19 age-matched healthy control participants in 46 bilateral gray matter regions of interest (ROI). Microstructural laterality indexes (μLIs) were calculated for each subject and ROI, and group comparisons were conducted across regions. The relationship between μLI values and performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was also evaluated. We found that compared with healthy controls, males with chronic schizophrenia had significantly decreased μLI across cortical and subcortical gray matter regions, which was correlated with poorer performance on the WCST. Our results suggest the ability of DKI-derived MK to capture gray matter microstructural lateralization pathology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye McKenna
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - James Babb
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Laura Miles
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Donald Goff
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mariana Lazar
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Russ BE, Petkov CI, Kwok SC, Zhu Q, Belin P, Vanduffel W, Hamed SB. Common functional localizers to enhance NHP & cross-species neuroscience imaging research. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118203. [PMID: 34048898 PMCID: PMC8529529 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional localizers are invaluable as they can help define regions of interest, provide cross-study comparisons, and most importantly, allow for the aggregation and meta-analyses of data across studies and laboratories. To achieve these goals within the non-human primate (NHP) imaging community, there is a pressing need for the use of standardized and validated localizers that can be readily implemented across different groups. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the value of localizer protocols to imaging research and we describe a number of commonly used or novel localizers within NHPs, and keys to implement them across studies. As has been shown with the aggregation of resting-state imaging data in the original PRIME-DE submissions, we believe that the field is ready to apply the same initiative for task-based functional localizers in NHP imaging. By coming together to collect large datasets across research group, implementing the same functional localizers, and sharing the localizers and data via PRIME-DE, it is now possible to fully test their robustness, selectivity and specificity. To do this, we reviewed a number of common localizers and we created a repository of well-established localizer that are easily accessible and implemented through the PRIME-RE platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Russ
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University at Langone, New York City, NY, United States.
| | - Christopher I Petkov
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sze Chai Kwok
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China; NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France; Laboratory for Neuro-and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven Medical School, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Pascal Belin
- Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, Aix-Marseille Université et CNRS, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Wim Vanduffel
- Laboratory for Neuro-and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven Medical School, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02144, United States.
| | - Suliann Ben Hamed
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon - CNRS, France.
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Horses show individual level lateralisation when inspecting an unfamiliar and unexpected stimulus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255688. [PMID: 34351986 PMCID: PMC8341651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals must attend to a diverse array of stimuli in their environments. The emotional valence and salience of a stimulus can affect how this information is processed in the brain. Many species preferentially attend to negatively valent stimuli using the sensory organs on the left side of their body and hence the right hemisphere of their brain. Here, we investigated the lateralisation of visual attention to the rapid appearance of a stimulus (an inflated balloon) designed to induce an avoidance reaction and a negatively valent emotional state in 77 Italian saddle horses. Horses’ eyes are laterally positioned on the head, and each eye projects primarily to the contralateral hemisphere, allowing eye use to be a proxy for preferential processing in one hemisphere of the brain. We predicted that horses would inspect the novel and unexpected stimulus with their left eye and hence right hemisphere. We found that horses primarily inspected the balloon with one eye, and most horses had a preferred eye to do so, however, we did not find a population level tendency for this to be the left or the right eye. The strength of this preference tended to decrease over time, with the horses using their non-preferred eye to inspect the balloon increasingly as the trial progressed. Our results confirm a lateralised eye use tendency when viewing negatively emotionally valent stimuli in horses, in agreement with previous findings. However, there was not any alignment of lateralisation at the group level in our sample, suggesting that the expression of lateralisation in horses depends on the sample population and testing context.
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Drowsiness Detection Based on Intelligent Systems with Nonlinear Features for Optimal Placement of Encephalogram Electrodes on the Cerebral Area. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041255. [PMID: 33578747 PMCID: PMC7916503 DOI: 10.3390/s21041255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Drowsiness while driving can lead to accidents that are related to the loss of perception during emergencies that harm the health. Among physiological signals, brain waves have been used as informative signals for the analyses of behavioral observations, steering information, and other biosignals during drowsiness. We inspected the machine learning methods for drowsiness detection based on brain signals with varying quantities of information. The results demonstrated that machine learning could be utilized to compensate for a lack of information and to account for individual differences. Cerebral area selection approaches to decide optimal measurement locations could be utilized to minimize the discomfort of participants. Although other statistics could provide additional information in further study, the optimized machine learning method could prevent the dangers of drowsiness while driving by considering a transitional state with nonlinear features. Because brain signals can be altered not only by mental fatigue but also by health status, the optimization analysis of the system hardware and software will be able to increase the power-efficiency and accessibility in acquiring brain waves for health enhancements in daily life.
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Abstract
To date, both in monkeys and humans, very few studies have addressed the issue of the lateralization of the cortical parietal and premotor areas involved in the organization of voluntary movements and in-action understanding. In this review, we will first analyze studies in the monkey, describing the functional properties of neurons of the parieto-frontal circuits, involved in the organization of reaching-grasping actions, in terms of unilateral or bilateral control. We will concentrate, in particular, on the properties of the mirror neuron system (MNS). Then, we will consider the evidence about the mirror neuron mechanism in humans, describing studies in which action perception, as well as action execution, produces unilateral or bilateral brain activation. Finally, we will report some investigations demonstrating plastic changes of the MNS following specific unilateral brain damage, discussing how this plasticity can be related to the rehabilitation outcome
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21
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Prenatal Visual Exposure to a Predator Influences Lateralization in Goldbelly Topminnows. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12081257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of genetic and environmental factors in modulating the development of brain lateralization is far from being fully understood, and the presence of individual differences in several lateralized functions is still an open question. In goldbelly topminnows, the genetic basis of asymmetrical functions in the brain has been studied, and recently it has been found that light stimulation influences the expression of lateralization of newborns. Here, we investigated whether prenatal exposure to predators affects the development of lateralization in 10-day-old topminnows born from females exposed to a real or to a simulated predator during pregnancy. Offspring from females exposed to a real predator were lateralized in both visual and motor tests, whereas fish from females exposed to a simulated predator were not and did not differ from controls. Prenatal exposure to a real predator might promote the alignment of lateralization in the same direction in different individuals.
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Letzner S, Manns M, Güntürkün O. Light-dependent development of the tectorotundal projection in pigeons. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3561-3571. [PMID: 32386351 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Left-right differences in the structural and functional organization of the brain are widespread in the animal kingdom and develop in close gene-environment interactions. The visual system of birds like chicks and pigeons exemplifies how sensory experience shapes lateralized visual processing. Owing to an asymmetrical posture of the embryo in the egg, the right eye/ left brain side is more strongly light-stimulated what triggers asymmetrical differentiation processes leading to a left-hemispheric dominance for visuomotor control. In pigeons (Columba livia), a critical neuroanatomical element is the asymmetrically organized tectofugal pathway. Here, more fibres cross from the right tectum to the left rotundus than vice versa. In the current study, we tested whether the emergence of this projection asymmetry depends on embryonic light stimulation by tracing tectorotundal neurons in pigeons with and without lateralized embryonic light experience. The quantitative tracing pattern confirmed higher bilateral innervation of the left rotundus in light-exposed and thus, asymmetrically light-stimulated pigeons. This was the same in light-deprived pigeons. Here, however, also the right rotundus received an equally strong bilateral input. This suggests that embryonic light stimulation does not increase bilateral tectal innervation of the stronger stimulated left but rather decreases such an input pattern to the right brain side. Combined with a morphometric analysis, our data indicate that embryonic photic stimulation specifically affects differentiation of the contralateral cell population. Differential modification of ipsi- and contralateral tectorotundal connections could have important impact on the regulation of intra- and interhemispheric information transfer and ultimately on hemispheric dominance pattern during visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Letzner
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martina Manns
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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23
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Variation and Correlations in Departures from Symmetry of Brain Torque, Humeral Morphology and Handedness in an Archaeological Sample of Homo sapiens. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The anatomical asymmetries of the human brain are the subject of a great deal of scientific interest because of their links with handedness and lateralized cognitive functions. Information about lateralization in humans is also available from the post-cranial skeleton, particularly the arm bones, in which differences in size and shape are related to hand/arm preference. Our objective here is to characterize the possible correlations between the endocranial and post-cranial asymmetries of an archaeological sample. This, in turn, will allow us to try to identify and interpret prospective functional traits in the archaeological and fossil records. We observe that directional asymmetry (DA) is present both for some endocranial and humeral traits because of brain lateralization and lateralized behaviors, while patterns of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) vary. The combined study of these anatomical elements and of their asymmetries can shed light on the ways in which the body responds to dependent asymmetrical stimuli across biologically independent anatomical areas. Variations in FA are, in this context, indicators of differences in answers to lateralized factors. Humeri tend to show a much larger range of variation than the endocast. We show that important but complex information may be extracted from the combined study of the endocast and the arms in an archaeological sample of Homo sapiens.
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24
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Left-right functional difference of the rat dorsal hippocampus for short-term memory and long-term memory. Behav Brain Res 2020; 382:112478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Brain Functional Specialization Is Enhanced Among Tai Chi Chuan Practitioners. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 101:1176-1182. [PMID: 32109436 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of long-term Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) practice on practitioners' brain functional specialization compare with the TCC novices. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING A psychology Institute. PARTICIPANTS TCC practitioners (N=22) (52.4±6.8y; 7 men; educated years: 12.18±3.03y) and 18 healthy adults (54.8±6.8y; 8 men; education years: 11.78±2.90y) matched by age, sex, and education were enrolled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning and cognitive test to measure the differences in functional specialization and cognitive function. Functional specialization was evaluated by voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) method. RESULTS Lower middle frontal gyrus VMHC in TCC practitioners compared to controls. For TCC practitioners, the longer they practice, the lower their VMHC in precentral and precuneus. TCC practitioners showed better cognition performance. CONCLUSIONS Changed VMHC indicated that TCC practice could enhance functional specialization in the middle frontal cortex of practitioners, which may be associated with higher-order cognitive ability.
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26
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Tognoli E, Kelso JAS. Spectral dissociation of lateralized brain rhythms. Neurosci Res 2019; 156:141-146. [PMID: 31883870 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Using high resolution spectral methods to uncover neuromarkers of social, cognitive and behavioral function, we have found that hemi-lateralized pairs of oscillations such as left and right occipital alpha or left and right rolandic mu dissociate spectrally. That is, they show a shifted frequency distribution, with one member of the pair peaking at a slightly lower frequency than the other. Resorting to the analysis of EEG spatio-spectral patterns, we provide examples of dissociations in the 10Hz frequency band. Occasionally, hemi-lateralized pairs blend into medial aggregates, probably when functional interactions lead to strongly coherent dynamics through frequency-locking or metastability. Our observations support the hypothesis that homologous pairs of neuromarkers have characteristically distinct intrinsic frequencies and coordinate their oscillations into synchronous ensembles only transiently. This property could play a role in the balance of integration and segregation in the brain: spectral separation of the oscillations from homologous cortical areas allows them to function independently under certain circumstances, all the while preserving a potential for stronger interactions supported by structural and functional symmetries. Spectral dissociation (and its methodological corollary: spectral analysis with high frequency resolution) may be harnessed to better track the individual power of each member of a hemi-lateralized pair and their respective time-course, leading to enhanced internal validity and reproducibility of research on neural oscillations. Resulting insights may shed light on the functional interaction between homologous cortices in studies of attention (alpha), e.g. during perceptual and social interaction tasks, and in studies of somatomotor processing (mu), e.g. in bimanual coordination and neuroprosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Tognoli
- The Human Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
| | - J A Scott Kelso
- The Human Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; Intelligent Systems Research Centre, University of Ulster, Derry, BT48 7JL, N. Ireland
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27
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Inoue S, Yamamoto S, Ringhofer M, Mendonça RS, Hirata S. Lateral position preference in grazing feral horses. Ethology 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sota Inoue
- Wildlife Research Center Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | | | | | - Renata S. Mendonça
- Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Department of Life Sciences Centre for Functional Ecology – Science for People & the Planet University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
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Abstract
In functional laterality research, most ungulate livestock species have until recently been mainly overlooked. However, there are many scientific and practical benefits of studying laterality in ungulate livestock. As social, precocial and domestic species, they may offer insight into the mechanisms involved in the ontogeny and phylogeny of functional laterality and help to better understand the role of laterality in animal welfare. Until now, most studies on ungulate livestock have focused on motor laterality, but interest in other lateralized functions, e.g., cognition and emotions, is growing. Increasingly more studies are also focused on associations with age, sex, personality, health, stress, production and performance. Although the full potential of research on laterality in ungulate livestock is not yet exploited, findings have already shed new light on central issues in cognitive and emotional processing and laid the basis for potentially useful applications in future practice, e.g., stress reduction during human-animal interactions and improved assessments of health, production and welfare. Future research would benefit from further integration of basic laterality methodology (e.g., testing for individual preferences) and applied ethological approaches (e.g., established emotionality tests), which would not only improve our understanding of functional laterality but also benefit the assessment of animal welfare.
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29
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Henderson RD, Garton FC, Kiernan MC, Turner MR, Eisen A. Human cerebral evolution and the clinical syndrome of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:570-575. [PMID: 29666205 PMCID: PMC6581076 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-317245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Henderson
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fleur C Garton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Brain & Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin R Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Eisen
- Division of Neurology Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
Lateralized Hippocampal Oscillations Underlie Distinct Aspects of Human Spatial Memory and Navigation Miller J, Watrous AJ, Tsitsiklis M, et al. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):2423. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04847-9. The hippocampus plays a vital role in various aspects of cognition including both memory and spatial navigation. To understand electrophysiologically how the hippocampus supports these processes, we recorded intracranial electroencephalographic activity from 46 neurosurgical patients as they performed a spatial memory task. We measure signals from multiple brain regions, including both left and right hippocampi, and we use spectral analysis to identify oscillatory patterns related to memory encoding and navigation. We show that in the left but not right hippocampus, the amplitude of oscillations in the 1- to 3-Hz "low-theta" band increases when viewing subsequently remembered object-location pairs. In contrast, in the right but not left hippocampus, low-theta activity increases during periods of navigation. The frequencies of these hippocampal signals are slower than task-related signals in the neocortex. These results suggest that the human brain includes multiple lateralized oscillatory networks that support different aspects of cognition.
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31
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Chiral Neuronal Motility: The Missing Link between Molecular Chirality and Brain Asymmetry. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Left–right brain asymmetry is a fundamental property observed across phyla from invertebrates to humans, but the mechanisms underlying its formation are still largely unknown. Rapid progress in our knowledge of the formation of body asymmetry suggests that brain asymmetry might be controlled by the same mechanisms. However, most of the functional brain laterality, including language processing and handedness, does not share common mechanisms with visceral asymmetry. Accumulating evidence indicates that asymmetry is manifested as chirality at the single cellular level. In neurons, the growth cone filopodia at the tips of neurites exhibit a myosin V-dependent, left-helical, and right-screw rotation, which drives the clockwise circular growth of neurites on adhesive substrates. Here, I propose an alternative model for the formation of brain asymmetry that is based on chiral neuronal motility. According to this chiral neuron model, the molecular chirality of actin filaments and myosin motors is converted into chiral neuronal motility, which is in turn transformed into the left–right asymmetry of neural circuits and lateralized brain functions. I also introduce automated, numerical, and quantitative methods to analyze the chirality and the left–right asymmetry that would enable the efficient testing of the model and to accelerate future investigations in this field.
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32
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Zhai Z, Feng J. Left-right asymmetry influenced the infarct volume and neurological dysfunction following focal middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01166. [PMID: 30451395 PMCID: PMC6305934 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the differential effects of left versus right cerebral hemisphere on the infarct volume and behavioral function following focal cerebral ischemia in rats. METHODS AND MATERIALS Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in the right-handed rats by filament insertion for 1.5 hr, and then reperfusion was established according to Zea-Longa method. A total of 36 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a left MCAO group or a right MCAO group. The modified neurological severity scores (mNSS), tapered beam-walking test, and Morris water maze experiment were all carried out to evaluate the sensorimotor and cognitive outcomes at the 1d, 3d, and 7d after MCAO, respectively. Infarct volume of the brains was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. RESULTS The sensorimotor function was more worse in the left MCAO group than that in the right MCAO group at the 1d, 3d, and 7d after MCAO (p < 0.05). While the cognitive function was much better in the left MCAO group than that in the right MCAO group at the 1d and 3d after MCAO (p < 0.05). But no significant difference was achieved in cognitive function between the two groups at 7d after MCAO (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in total infarct volume between the two groups at the 1d, 3d, and 7d after MCAO, respectively (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The infarct volume is not affected significantly by the left or right MCAO model in the early days. The lesions in the left hemisphere produce more severe sensorimotor impairments, while more severe cognitive impairments are produced by the right hemispherical lesions. These findings suggest that it is structural and functional asymmetry between the two hemispheres other than infarct volume that affects the outcomes of rat MCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Possenti CD, Parolini M, Romano A, Caprioli M, Rubolini D, Saino N. Effect of yolk corticosterone on begging in the yellow-legged gull. Horm Behav 2018; 97:121-127. [PMID: 29127025 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral lateralization is widespread across vertebrates. The development of lateralization is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. In birds, maternal substances in the egg can affect offspring lateralization via activational and/or organizational effects. Corticosterone affects the development of brain asymmetry, suggesting that variation in yolk corticosterone concentration may also influence post-natal behavioral lateralization, a hypothesis that has never been tested so far. In the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis), we increased yolk corticosterone concentration within physiological limits and analyzed the direction of lateralization of hatchlings in reverting from supine to prone position ('RTP' response) and in pecking at dummy parental bills to solicit food provisioning ('begging' response). We found that corticosterone treatment negatively affected the frequency of begging and it may cause a slight leftward lateralization. However, the direction of lateralization of the RTP response was not affected by corticosterone administration. Thus, our study shows a maternal effect mediated by corticosterone on a behavioral trait involved in parent-offspring communication during food provisioning events. The findings on lateralization are not conclusive due to the weak effect size but provide information for further ecological and evolutionary studies, investigating mechanisms underlying the development of lateralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Daniela Possenti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Romano
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Caprioli
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Rubolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Saino
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Letzner S, Güntürkün O, Lor S, Pawlik RJ, Manns M. Visuospatial attention in the lateralised brain of pigeons - a matter of ontogenetic light experiences. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15547. [PMID: 29138476 PMCID: PMC5686156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ontogenetic mechanisms leading to complementary hemispheric specialisations of the two brain halves are poorly understood. In pigeons, asymmetrical light stimulation during development triggers the left-hemispheric dominance for visuomotor control but light effects on right-hemispheric specialisations are largely unknown. We therefore tested adult pigeons with and without embryonic light experience in a visual search task in which the birds pecked peas regularly scattered on an area in front of them. Comparing the pecking pattern of both groups indicates that the embryonic light conditions differentially influence biased visuospatial attention under mono- and binocular seeing conditions. When one eye was occluded, dark-incubated pigeons peck only within the limits of the visual hemifield of the seeing eye. Light-exposed pigeons also peck into the contralateral field indicating enlarged monocular visual fields of both hemispheres. While dark-incubated birds evinced an attentional bias to the right halfspace when seeing with both eyes, embryonic light exposure shifted this to the left. Thus, embryonic light experience modifies processes regulating biased visuospatial attention of the adult birds depending on the seeing conditions during testing. These data support the impact of light onto the emergence of functional dominances in both hemispheres and point to the critical role of interhemispheric processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Letzner
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.,Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie Lor
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert Jan Pawlik
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Martina Manns
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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Yiannakas A, Rosenblum K. The Insula and Taste Learning. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:335. [PMID: 29163022 PMCID: PMC5676397 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of taste is a key component of the sensory machinery, enabling the evaluation of both the safety as well as forming associations regarding the nutritional value of ingestible substances. Indicative of the salience of the modality, taste conditioning can be achieved in rodents upon a single pairing of a tastant with a chemical stimulus inducing malaise. This robust associative learning paradigm has been heavily linked with activity within the insular cortex (IC), among other regions, such as the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. A number of studies have demonstrated taste memory formation to be dependent on protein synthesis at the IC and to correlate with the induction of signaling cascades involved in synaptic plasticity. Taste learning has been shown to require the differential involvement of dopaminergic GABAergic, glutamatergic, muscarinic neurotransmission across an extended taste learning circuit. The subsequent activation of downstream protein kinases (ERK, CaMKII), transcription factors (CREB, Elk-1) and immediate early genes (c-fos, Arc), has been implicated in the regulation of the different phases of taste learning. This review discusses the relevant neurotransmission, molecular signaling pathways and genetic markers involved in novel and aversive taste learning, with a particular focus on the IC. Imaging and other studies in humans have implicated the IC in the pathophysiology of a number of cognitive disorders. We conclude that the IC participates in circuit-wide computations that modulate the interception and encoding of sensory information, as well as the formation of subjective internal representations that control the expression of motivated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Yiannakas
- Sagol Department of Neuroscience, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kobi Rosenblum
- Sagol Department of Neuroscience, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Center for Gene Manipulation in the Brain, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Kotani N, Nakano T, Ida Y, Ito R, Hashizume M, Yamaguchi A, Seo M, Araki T, Hojo Y, Honke K, Murakoshi T. Analysis of lipid raft molecules in the living brain slices. Neurochem Int 2017; 119:140-150. [PMID: 28844489 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal plasma membrane has been thought to retain a lot of lipid raft components which play important roles in the neural function. Although the biochemical analyses of lipid raft using brain tissues have been extensively carried out in the past 20 years, many of their experimental conditions do not coincide with those of standard neuroscience researches such as neurophysiology and neuropharmacology. Hence, the physiological methods for lipid raft analysis that can be compatible with general neuroscience have been required. Herein, we developed a system to physiologically analyze ganglioside GM1-enriched lipid rafts in brain tissues using the "Enzyme-Mediated Activation of Radical Sources (EMARS)" method that we reported (Kotani N. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 105, 7405-7409 (2008)). The EMARS method was applied to acute brain slices prepared from mouse brains in aCSF solution using the EMARS probe, HRP-conjugated cholera toxin subunit B, which recognizes ganglioside GM1. The membrane molecules present in the GM1-enriched lipid rafts were then labeled with fluorescein under the physiological condition. The fluorescein-tagged lipid raft molecules called "EMARS products" distributed differentially among various parts of the brain. On the other hand, appreciable differences were not detected among segments along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus. We further developed a device to label the lipid raft molecules in acute hippocampal slices under two different physiological conditions to detect dynamics of the lipid raft molecules during neural excitation. Using this device, several cell membrane molecules including Thy1, known as a lipid raft resident molecule in neurons, were confirmed by the EMARS method in living hippocampal slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Kotani
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan.
| | - Takanari Nakano
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yui Ida
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Rina Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Miki Hashizume
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Arisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Makoto Seo
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1 Sanzo, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Araki
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Koichi Honke
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
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Belnap SC, Lickliter R. Coordinated movement is influenced by prenatal light experience in bobwhite quail chicks (Colinus virginianus). Behav Brain Res 2017; 327:103-111. [PMID: 28359880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sensory-motor development begins early during embryogenesis and is influenced by sensory experience. Little is known about the prenatal factors that influence the development of motor coordination. Here we investigated whether and to what extent prenatal light experience can influence the development of motor coordination in bobwhite quail hatchlings. Quail embryos were incubated under four light conditions: no light (dark), 2h of total light (2HR), 6h of total light (6HR), and diffused sunlight (controls). Hatchlings were video recording walking down a runway at three developmental ages (12, 24, and 48h). Videos were assessed for forward locomotion, a measurement of motor coordination, falls, a measurement of motor instability, and motivation to complete the task. We anticipated a linear decline of coordination with a reduction in prenatal light experience and improved coordination with age. Furthermore, as motor coordination becomes more laborious we anticipated motivation to complete the task would decline. However, our findings revealed hatchlings did not uniformly improve with age as expected, nor did the reduction of light result in a linear reduction in motor coordination. Instead, we found a more complex relationship with 6HR and 2HR hatchlings showing distinct patterns of stability and instability. Similarly, we found a reduction in motivation within the 6HR light condition. It appears that prenatal light exposure influences the development of postnatal motor coordination and we discuss these finding in light of neurodevelopmental processes influenced by light experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Starlie C Belnap
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, United States.
| | - Robert Lickliter
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, United States
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Trulioff A, Ermakov A, Malashichev Y. Primary Cilia as a Possible Link between Left-Right Asymmetry and Neurodevelopmental Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8020048. [PMID: 28125008 PMCID: PMC5333037 DOI: 10.3390/genes8020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia have multiple functions in the development of the entire organism, and participate in the development and functioning of the central nervous system. In the last decade, studies have shown that they are implicated in the development of the visceral left-right asymmetry in different vertebrates. At the same time, some neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, autism, bipolar disorder, and dyslexia, are known to be associated with lateralization failure. In this review, we consider possible links in the mechanisms of determination of visceral asymmetry and brain lateralization, through cilia. We review the functions of seven genes associated with both cilia, and with neurodevelopmental diseases, keeping in mind their possible role in the establishment of the left-right brain asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Trulioff
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Alexander Ermakov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Ecological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, ul. Akad. Pavlov, 12, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia.
| | - Yegor Malashichev
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Ecological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, ul. Akad. Pavlov, 12, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia.
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Benito N, Martín-Vázquez G, Makarova J, Makarov VA, Herreras O. The right hippocampus leads the bilateral integration of gamma-parsed lateralized information. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27599221 PMCID: PMC5050016 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether the two hippocampal lobes convey similar or different activities and how they cooperate. Spatial discrimination of electric fields in anesthetized rats allowed us to compare the pathway-specific field potentials corresponding to the gamma-paced CA3 output (CA1 Schaffer potentials) and CA3 somatic inhibition within and between sides. Bilateral excitatory Schaffer gamma waves are generally larger and lead from the right hemisphere with only moderate covariation of amplitude, and drive CA1 pyramidal units more strongly than unilateral waves. CA3 waves lock to the ipsilateral Schaffer potentials, although bilateral coherence was weak. Notably, Schaffer activity may run laterally, as seen after the disruption of the connecting pathways. Thus, asymmetric operations promote the entrainment of CA3-autonomous gamma oscillators bilaterally, synchronizing lateralized gamma strings to converge optimally on CA1 targets. The findings support the view that interhippocampal connections integrate different aspects of information that flow through the left and right lobes. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16658.001 In humans and other backboned animals, the brain is divided into the left and right hemispheres, which are connected by several large bundles of nerve fibers. Thanks to these fiber tracts, sensory information from each side of the body can reach both sides of the brain. However, although many areas of the brain work with a counterpart on the opposite hemisphere to process this sensory information, they do not necessarily perform the same tasks, or perform them at the same time as their partner. The hippocampus is a brain region that helps to support navigation, to detect novelty, and to produce memories. In fact, our brains contain two hippocampi – one in each hemisphere. Previous studies of the hippocampus have tended to record from only one side of the brain. Benito, Martín-Vázquez, Makarova et al. now compare the activity of the left and right hippocampi, and consider how the two structures might work together. Recordings of the electrical activity of the hippocampi of anesthetized rats show that different groups of neurons fire in rhythmic sequence, forming waves called gamma waves. Successive waves have different amplitudes, and can be thought to form ‘strings’. The recordings made by Benito et al. show that the two hippocampi produce parallel strings of waves, although the waves that originate in the right hemisphere are generally larger than those that originate in the left. Right-hemisphere waves also tend to begin slightly earlier than their left-hemisphere counterparts. Further experiments revealed that disrupting the fiber tracts between the hemispheres uncouples the waves that no longer occur at the same time, and the strings of waves may remain constrained to one side of the brain. In healthy animals, however, the right-hand dominance acts as a master-slave device, and makes the waves from the two hemispheres pair up and merge in the neurons that receive them both. Thus the information running in both hippocampi can be integrated or compared before sending to the cortex for task execution or storage. Overall, the findings reported by Benito et al. suggest that different types of information flow through the left and right hemispheres, and that the brain integrates these two streams using asymmetric connections. The next challenge is to identify how the information in the two streams differs: whether each stream reflects different sensory stimuli, different features of a scene, or the difference between recalled and perceived information. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16658.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Benito
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute - CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Julia Makarova
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute - CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Valeri A Makarov
- N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Herreras
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute - CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Barbeito-Andrés J, Bernal V, Gonzalez PN. Morphological asymmetries of mouse brain assessed by geometric morphometric analysis of MRI data. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 34:980-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Malkemper EP, Painter MS, Landler L. Shifted magnetic alignment in vertebrates: Evidence for neural lateralization? J Theor Biol 2016; 399:141-7. [PMID: 27059891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of evidence provides support for magnetic alignment (MA) behavior in a variety of disparate species within the animal kingdom, in which an animal, or a group of animals, show a tendency to align the body axis in a consistent orientation relative to the geomagnetic field lines. Interestingly, among vertebrates, MA typically coincides with the north-south magnetic axis, however, the mean directional preferences of an individual or group of organisms is often rotated clockwise from the north-south axis. We hypothesize that this shift is not a coincidence, and future studies of this subtle, yet consistent phenomenon may help to reveal some properties of the underlying sensory or processing mechanisms, that, to date, are not well understood. Furthermore, characterizing the fine structure exhibited in MA behaviors may provide key insights to the biophysical substrates mediating magnetoreception in vertebrates. Therefore, in order to determine if a consistent shift is exhibited in taxonomically diverse vertebrates, we performed a meta-analysis on published MA datasets from 23 vertebrate species that exhibited an axial north-south preference. This analysis revealed a significant clockwise shift from the north-south magnetic axis. We summarize and discuss possible competing hypotheses regarding the proximate mechanisms underlying the clockwise shifted MA and conclude that the most likely cause of such a shift would be a lateralization in central processing of magnetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pascal Malkemper
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse. 2, 45117 Essen, Germany; Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michael S Painter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Lukas Landler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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Dimonte A, Adamatzky A, Erokhin V, Levin M. On chirality of slime mould. Biosystems 2015; 140:23-7. [PMID: 26747637 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Left-right patterning and lateralised behaviour is an ubiquitous aspect of plants and animals. The mechanisms linking cellular chirality to the large-scale asymmetry of multicellular structures are incompletely understood, and it has been suggested that the chirality of living cells is hardwired in their cytoskeleton. We examined the question of biased asymmetry in a unique organism: the slime mould Physarum polycephalum, which is unicellular yet possesses macroscopic, complex structure and behaviour. In laboratory experiment using a T-shape, we found that Physarum turns right in more than 74% of trials. The results are in agreement with previously published studies on asymmetric movement of muscle cells, neutrophils, liver cells and growing neural filaments, and for the first time reveal the presence of consistently-biased laterality in the fungi kingdom. Exact mechanisms of the slime mould's direction preference remain unknown.
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Yuan TF, Hou G. Commentary: Oxytocin Enables Maternal Behavior by Balancing Cortical Inhibition. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:311. [PMID: 26635561 PMCID: PMC4649022 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Fei Yuan
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing, China
| | - Gonglin Hou
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Nanjing, China
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44
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Romano M, Parolini M, Caprioli M, Spiezio C, Rubolini D, Saino N. Individual and population-level sex-dependent lateralization in yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) chicks. Behav Processes 2015; 115:109-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Roldan-Valadez E, Suarez-May MA, Favila R, Aguilar-Castañeda E, Rios C. Selected Gray Matter Volumes and Gender but Not Basal Ganglia nor Cerebellum Gyri Discriminate Left Versus Right Cerebral Hemispheres: Multivariate Analyses in human Brains at 3T. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:1336-46. [PMID: 25902919 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the lateralization of the human brain is evident through a multidisciplinary number of scientific studies. Understanding volumetric brain asymmetries allows the distinction between normal development stages and behavior, as well as brain diseases. We aimed to evaluate volumetric asymmetries in order to select the best gyri able to classify right- versus left cerebral hemispheres. A cross-sectional study performed in 47 right-handed young-adults healthy volunteers. SPM-based software performed brain segmentation, automatic labeling and volumetric analyses for 54 regions involving the cerebral lobes, basal ganglia and cerebellum from each cerebral hemisphere. Multivariate discriminant analysis (DA) allowed the assembling of a predictive model. DA revealed one discriminant function that significantly differentiated left vs. right cerebral hemispheres: Wilks' λ = 0.008, χ(2) (9) = 238.837, P < 0.001. The model explained 99.20% of the variation in the grouping variable and depicted an overall predictive accuracy of 98.8%. With the influence of gender; the selected gyri able to discriminate between hemispheres were middle orbital frontal gyrus (g.), angular g., supramarginal g., middle cingulum g., inferior orbital frontal g., calcarine g., inferior parietal lobule and the pars triangularis inferior frontal g. Specific brain gyri are able to accurately classify left vs. right cerebral hemispheres by using a multivariate approach; the selected regions correspond to key brain areas involved in attention, internal thought, vision and language; our findings favored the concept that lateralization has been evolutionary favored by mental processes increasing cognitive efficiency and brain capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Roldan-Valadez
- MRI Unit, Division of Medial Imaging, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela A Suarez-May
- MRI Unit, Division of Medial Imaging, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Favila
- GE Healthcare, Division of Healthcare, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Aguilar-Castañeda
- Cognitive and Behavioral Unit, Department of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Camilo Rios
- Neurochemistry Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
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Backström T, Heynen M, Brännäs E, Nilsson J, Magnhagen C. Dominance and stress signalling of carotenoid pigmentation in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus): lateralization effects? Physiol Behav 2014; 138:52-7. [PMID: 25447479 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Social conflicts are usually solved by agonistic interactions where animals use cues to signal dominance or subordinance. Pigmentation change is a common cue used for signalling. In our study, the involvement of carotenoid-based pigmentation in signalling was investigated in juvenile Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Size-matched pairs were analysed for pigmentation both before and after being tested for competitive ability. We found that dominant individuals had fewer carotenoid-based spots on the right and left sides as well as lower plasma cortisol levels compared to subordinate individuals. Further, the number of spots on both sides was positively associated with plasma cortisol levels. These results indicate that carotenoid-based pigmentation in Arctic charr signals dominance and stress coping style. Further, it also appears as if carotenoid-based pigmentation is lateralized in Arctic charr, and that the right side signals aggression and dominance whereas the left side signals stress responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Backström
- Dept. of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Martina Heynen
- Dept. of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Brännäs
- Dept. of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Dept. of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carin Magnhagen
- Dept. of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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48
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McGinley JJ, Friedman BH. Autonomic responses to lateralized cold pressor and facial cooling tasks. Psychophysiology 2014; 52:416-24. [PMID: 25250478 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetry in central nervous system (CNS) control of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, a widely debated topic, was investigated via lateralized presentation of two ANS challenges: cold pressor, which elicits primarily sympathetic activation, and facial cooling, a predominantly vagal task. Seventy-three university students (37 female) engaged in these tasks while cardiovascular and electrodermal measures were acquired. Compared to right-side cold pressor, left cold pressor elicited generally larger cardiac, blood pressure, and skin conductance responses, but did not evoke asymmetric changes in heart rate variability. Facial cooling elicited significant increases in vagally mediated heart rate variability, but they were also not lateralized. These findings are consistent with reports of right hemisphere dominance in sympathetic regulation, but indicate that CNS vagal control is relatively symmetric. These results are framed in terms of polyvagal theory and neurovisceral integration two influential models of CNS-ANS integration in the service of adaptive environmental engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared J McGinley
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Song JW, Mitchell PD, Kolasinski J, Ellen Grant P, Galaburda AM, Takahashi E. Asymmetry of White Matter Pathways in Developing Human Brains. Cereb Cortex 2014; 25:2883-93. [PMID: 24812082 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the emergence of structural asymmetry of white matter tracts during early brain development. We examined whether and when asymmetry in diffusion parameters of limbic and association white matter pathways emerged in humans in 23 brains ranging from 15 gestational weeks (GW) up to 3 years of age (11 ex vivo and 12 in vivo cases) using high-angular resolution diffusion imaging tractography. Age-related development of laterality was not observed in a limbic connectional pathway (cingulum bundle or fornix). Among the studied cortico-cortical association pathways (inferior longitudinal fasciculus [ILF], inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and arcuate fasciculus), only the ILF showed development of age-related laterality emerging as early as the second trimester. Comparisons of ages older and younger than 40 GW revealed a leftward asymmetry in the cingulum bundle volume and a rightward asymmetry in apparent diffusion coefficient and leftward asymmetry in fractional anisotropy in the ILF in ages older than 40 GW. These results suggest that morphometric asymmetry in cortical areas precedes the emergence of white matter pathway asymmetry. Future correlative studies will investigate whether such asymmetry is anatomically/genetically driven or associated with functional stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae W Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Current address: Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Paul D Mitchell
- Clinical Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James Kolasinski
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA Current address: Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Albert M Galaburda
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emi Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Hecht D. Cerebral lateralization of pro- and anti-social tendencies. Exp Neurobiol 2014; 23:1-27. [PMID: 24737936 PMCID: PMC3984952 DOI: 10.5607/en.2014.23.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggest that the right-hemisphere (RH) has a relative advantage, over the left-hemisphere (LH), in mediating social intelligence - identifying social stimuli, understanding the intentions of other people, awareness of the dynamics in social relationships, and successful handling of social interactions. Furthermore, a review and synthesis of the literature suggest that pro-social attitudes and behaviors are associated with physiological activity in the RH, whereas unsocial and anti-social tendencies are mediated primarily by the LH. This hemispheric asymmetry is rooted in several neurobiological and functional differences between the two hemispheres. (I) Positive social interactions often require inhibiting one's immediate desires and considering the perspectives and needs of others. Given that self-control is mediated by the RH, pro-social emotions and behaviors are, therefore, inherently associated with the RH as it subserves the brain's self-restraint mechanisms. (II) The RH mediates experiences of vulnerability. It registers the relative clumsiness and motor weakness of the left limbs, and it is involved, more than the LH, in processing threats and mediating fear. Emotional states of vulnerability trigger the need for affiliation and sociality, therefore the RH has a greater role in mediating pro-social attitudes and behaviors. (III) The RH mediates a holistic mode of representing the world. Holistic perception emphasizes similarities rather than differences, takes a long-term perspective, is associated with divergent thinking and seeing other points-of-view, and it mediates a personal mode of relating to people. All these features of holistic perception facilitate a more empathetic attitude toward others and pro-social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hecht
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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