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Li Z, Zheng L, Wang J, Wang L, Qi Y, Amin B, Zhu J, Zhang N. Dopamine in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism: a narrative review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1632-1645. [PMID: 39081007 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Owing to the global obesity epidemic, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of glucose and lipid metabolism has become increasingly important. The dopaminergic system, including dopamine, dopamine receptors, dopamine transporters, and other components, is involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. However, the mechanism of action of the dopaminergic system in glucose and lipid metabolism is poorly understood. In this review, we examine the role of the dopaminergic system in glucose and lipid metabolism. RESULTS The dopaminergic system regulates glucose and lipid metabolism through several mechanisms. It regulates various activities at the central level, including appetite control and decision-making, which contribute to regulating body weight and energy metabolism. In the pituitary gland, dopamine inhibits prolactin production and promotes insulin secretion through dopamine receptor 2. Furthermore, it can influence various physiological components in the peripheral system, such as pancreatic β cells, glucagon-like peptide-1, adipocytes, hepatocytes, and muscle, by regulating insulin and glucagon secretion, glucose uptake and use, and fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The role of dopamine in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism has significant implications for the physiology and pathogenesis of disease. The potential therapeutic value of dopamine lies in its effects on metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehong Li
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifei Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Buhe Amin
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxia Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nengwei Zhang
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Xin M, Wang Y, Yang X, Li L, Wang C, Gu Y, Zhang C, Huang G, Zhou Y, Liu J. Exploring the nigrostriatal and digestive interplays in Parkinson's disease using dynamic total-body [ 11C]CFT PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:2271-2282. [PMID: 38393375 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dynamic total-body imaging enables new perspectives to investigate the potential relationship between the central and peripheral regions. Employing uEXPLORER dynamic [11C]CFT PET/CT imaging with voxel-wise simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) kinetic modeling and semi-quantitative measures, we explored how the correlation pattern between nigrostriatal and digestive regions differed between the healthy participants as controls (HC) and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Eleven participants (six HCs and five PDs) underwent 75-min dynamic [11C]CFT scans on a total-body PET/CT scanner (uEXPLORER, United Imaging Healthcare) were retrospectively enrolled. Time activity curves for four nigrostriatal nuclei (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and substantia nigra) and three digestive organs (pancreas, stomach, and duodenum) were obtained. Total-body parametric images of relative transporter rate constant (R1) and distribution volume ratio (DVR) were generated using the SRTM with occipital lobe as the reference tissue and a linear regression with spatial-constraint algorithm. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) at early (1-3 min, SUVREP) and late (60-75 min, SUVRLP) phases were calculated as the semi-quantitative substitutes for R1 and DVR, respectively. RESULTS Significant differences in estimates between the HC and PD groups were identified in DVR and SUVRLP of putamen (DVR: 4.82 ± 1.58 vs. 2.58 ± 0.53; SUVRLP: 4.65 ± 1.36 vs. 2.84 ± 0.67; for HC and PD, respectively, both p < 0.05) and SUVREP of stomach (1.12 ± 0.27 vs. 2.27 ± 0.65 for HC and PD, respectively; p < 0.01). In the HC group, negative correlations were observed between stomach and substantia nigra in both the R1 and SUVREP values (r=-0.83, p < 0.05 for R1; r=-0.94, p < 0.01 for SUVREP). Positive correlations were identified between pancreas and putamen in both DVR and SUVRLP values (r = 0.94, p < 0.01 for DVR; r = 1.00, p < 0.001 for SUVRLP). By contrast, in the PD group, no correlations were found between the aforementioned target nigrostriatal and digestive areas. CONCLUSIONS The parametric images of R1 and DVR generated from the SRTM model, along with SUVREP and SUVRLP, were proposed to quantify dynamic total-body [11C]CFT PET/CT in HC and PD groups. The distinction in correlation patterns of nigrostriatal and digestive regions between HC and PD groups identified by R1 and DVR, or SUVRs, may provide new insights into the disease mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co, Ltd, 2258 Chengbei Road, Shanghai, 201807, China
| | - Xinlan Yang
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co, Ltd, 2258 Chengbei Road, Shanghai, 201807, China
| | - Lianghua Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co, Ltd, 2258 Chengbei Road, Shanghai, 201807, China
| | - Chenpeng Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co, Ltd, 2258 Chengbei Road, Shanghai, 201807, China.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Bucher ML, Dicent J, Duarte Hospital C, Miller GW. Neurotoxicology of dopamine: Victim or assailant? Neurotoxicology 2024; 103:175-188. [PMID: 38857676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Since the identification of dopamine as a neurotransmitter in the mid-20th century, investigators have examined the regulation of dopamine homeostasis at a basic biological level and in human disorders. Genetic animal models that manipulate the expression of proteins involved in dopamine homeostasis have provided key insight into the consequences of dysregulated dopamine. As a result, we have come to understand the potential of dopamine to act as an endogenous neurotoxin through the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive metabolites that can damage cellular macromolecules. Endogenous factors, such as genetic variation and subcellular processes, and exogenous factors, such as environmental exposures, have been identified as contributors to the dysregulation of dopamine homeostasis. Given the variety of dysregulating factors that impact dopamine homeostasis and the potential for dopamine itself to contribute to further cellular dysfunction, dopamine can be viewed as both the victim and an assailant of neurotoxicity. Parkinson's disease has emerged as the exemplar case study of dopamine dysregulation due to the genetic and environmental factors known to contribute to disease risk, and due to the evidence of dysregulated dopamine as a pathologic and pathogenic feature of the disease. This review, inspired by the talk, "Dopamine in Durham: location, location, location" presented by Dr. Miller for the Jacob Hooisma Memorial Lecture at the International Neurotoxicology Association meeting in 2023, offers a primer on dopamine toxicity covering endogenous and exogenous factors that disrupt dopamine homeostasis and the actions of dopamine as an endogenous neurotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Bucher
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jocelyn Dicent
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carolina Duarte Hospital
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Kaniecki T, Hughes M, McMahan Z. Managing gastrointestinal manifestations in systemic sclerosis, a mechanistic approach. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:603-622. [PMID: 38406978 PMCID: PMC11098704 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2320205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease with heterogeneous presentation. Gastrointestinal (GI) complications of SSc are characterized by esophageal reflux, abnormal motility, and microbiome dysbiosis, which impact patient quality of life and mortality. Preventative therapeutics are lacking, with management primarily aimed at symptomatic control. AREAS COVERED A broad literature review was conducted through electronic databases and references from key articles. We summarize the physiology of gastric acid production and GI motility to provide context for existing therapies, detail the current understanding of SSc-GI disease, and review GI medications studied in SSc. Finally, we explore new therapeutic options. We propose a management strategy that integrates data on drug efficacy with knowledge of disease pathophysiology, aiming to optimize future therapeutic targets. EXPERT OPINION SSc-GI complications remain a challenge for patients, clinicians, and investigators alike. Management presently focuses on treating symptoms and minimizing mucosal damage. Little evidence exists to suggest immunosuppressive therapy halts progression of GI involvement or reverses damage, leaving many unanswered questions about the optimal clinical approach. Further research focused on identifying patients at risk for GI progression, and the underlying mechanism(s) that drive disease will provide opportunities to prevent long-term damage, and significantly improve patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kaniecki
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael Hughes
- Department of Rheumatology, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford Care Organisation, Salford, US
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Zsuzsanna McMahan
- Division of Rheumatology, UTHealth Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
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Khan N, Kurnik-Łucka M, Latacz G, Gil K. Systematic-Narrative Hybrid Literature Review: Crosstalk between Gastrointestinal Renin-Angiotensin and Dopaminergic Systems in the Regulation of Intestinal Permeability by Tight Junctions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5566. [PMID: 38791603 PMCID: PMC11122119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the first part of this article, the role of intestinal epithelial tight junctions (TJs), together with gastrointestinal dopaminergic and renin-angiotensin systems, are narratively reviewed to provide sufficient background. In the second part, the current experimental data on the interplay between gastrointestinal (GI) dopaminergic and renin-angiotensin systems in the regulation of intestinal epithelial permeability are reviewed in a systematic manner using the PRISMA methodology. Experimental data confirmed the copresence of DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in human and rodent enterocytes. The intestinal barrier structure and integrity can be altered by angiotensin (1-7) and dopamine (DA). Both renin-angiotensin and dopaminergic systems influence intestinal Na+/K+-ATPase activity, thus maintaining electrolyte and nutritional homeostasis. The colocalization of B0AT1 and ACE2 indicates the direct role of the renin-angiotensin system in amino acid absorption. Yet, more studies are needed to thoroughly define the structural and functional interaction between TJ-associated proteins and GI renin-angiotensin and dopaminergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Khan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
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Li YH, Jiang ZX, Xu Q, Jin TT, Huang JF, Luan X, Li C, Chen XY, Wong KH, Dong XL, Sun XR. Inhibition of calcium-sensing receptor by its antagonist promotes gastrointestinal motility in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116518. [PMID: 38565057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) participates in the regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) motility under normal conditions and might be involved in the regulation of GI dysmotility in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS CaSR antagonist-NPS-2143 was applied in in vivo and ex vivo experiments to study the effect and underlying mechanisms of CaSR inhibition on GI dysmotility in the MPTP-induced PD mouse model. FINDINGS Oral intake of NPS-2143 promoted GI motility in PD mice as shown by the increased gastric emptying rate and shortened whole gut transit time together with improved weight and water content in the feces of PD mice, and the lack of influence on normal mice. Meanwhile, the number of cholinergic neurons, the proportion of serotonergic neurons, as well as the levels of acetylcholine and serotonin increased, but the numbers of nitrergic and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons, and the levels of nitric oxide synthase and dopamine decreased in the myenteric plexus in the gastric antrum and colon of PD mice in response to NPS-2143 treatment. Furthermore, the numbers of c-fos positive neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and cholinergic neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) increased in NPS-2143 treated PD mice, suggesting the involvement of both the enteric (ENS) and central (CNS) nervous systems. However, ex vivo results showed that NPS-2143 directly inhibited the contractility of antral and colonic strips in PD mice via a non-ENS mediated mechanism. Further studies revealed that NPS-2143 directly inhibited the voltage gated Ca2+ channels, which might, at least in part, explain its direct inhibitory effects on the GI muscle strips. INTERPRETATION CaSR inhibition by its antagonist ameliorated GI dysmotility in PD mice via coordinated neuronal regulation by both ENS and CNS in vivo, although the direct effects of CaSR inhibition on GI muscle strips were suppressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhong-Xin Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ting-Ting Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Department of Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Fang Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Luan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chong Li
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Department of International Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ka-Hing Wong
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Dong
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiang-Rong Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Recinto SJ, Premachandran S, Mukherjee S, Allot A, MacDonald A, Yaqubi M, Gruenheid S, Trudeau LE, Stratton JA. Characterizing enteric neurons in dopamine transporter (DAT)-Cre reporter mice reveals dopaminergic subtypes with dual-transmitter content. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2465-2482. [PMID: 38487941 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) comprises a complex network of neurons whereby a subset appears to be dopaminergic although the characteristics, roles, and implications in disease are less understood. Most investigations relating to enteric dopamine (DA) neurons rely on immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of DA. However, TH immunoreactivity is likely to provide an incomplete picture. This study herein provides a comprehensive characterization of DA neurons in the gut using a reporter mouse line, expressing a fluorescent protein (tdTomato) under control of the DA transporter (DAT) promoter. Our findings confirm a unique localization of DA neurons in the gut and unveil the discrete subtypes of DA neurons in this organ, which we characterized using both immunofluorescence and single-cell transcriptomics, as well as validated using in situ hybridization. We observed distinct subtypes of DAT-tdTomato neurons expressing co-transmitters and modulators across both plexuses; some of them likely co-releasing acetylcholine, while others were positive for a slew of canonical DAergic markers (TH, VMAT2 and GIRK2). Interestingly, we uncovered a seemingly novel population of DA neurons unique to the ENS which was ChAT/DAT-tdTomato-immunoreactive and expressed Grp, Calcb, and Sst. Given the clear heterogeneity of DAergic gut neurons, further investigation is warranted to define their functional signatures and decipher their implication in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherilyn Junelle Recinto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Shobina Premachandran
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Sriparna Mukherjee
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montreal, Faculty of Medicine, SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexis Allot
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam MacDonald
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Samantha Gruenheid
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis-Eric Trudeau
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montreal, Faculty of Medicine, SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
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Zhang C, Bo R, Zhou T, Chen N, Yuan Y. The raphe nuclei are the early lesion site of gastric α-synuclein propagation to the substantia nigra. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2057-2076. [PMID: 38799632 PMCID: PMC11119576 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegeneration disease with α-synuclein accumulated in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and most of the dopaminergic neurons are lost in SNpc while patients are diagnosed with PD. Exploring the pathology at an early stage contributes to the development of the disease-modifying strategy. Although the "gut-brain" hypothesis is proposed to explain the underlying mechanism, where the earlier lesioned site in the brain of gastric α-synuclein and how α-synuclein further spreads are not fully understood. Here we report that caudal raphe nuclei (CRN) are the early lesion site of gastric α-synuclein propagating through the spinal cord, while locus coeruleus (LC) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) were further affected over a time frame of 7 months. Pathological α-synuclein propagation via CRN leads to neuron loss and disordered neuron activity, accompanied by abnormal motor and non-motor behavior. Potential neuron circuits are observed among CRN, LC, and SNpc, which contribute to the venerability of dopaminergic neurons in SNpc. These results show that CRN is the key region for the gastric α-synuclein spread to the midbrain. Our study provides valuable details for the "gut-brain" hypothesis and proposes a valuable PD model for future research on early PD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiantian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Naihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuhe Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
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9
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Galinelli NC, Bamford NJ, de Laat MA, Sillence MN, Harris PA, Bailey SR. Evidence for dopamine production and distribution of dopamine D2 receptors in the equine gastrointestinal mucosa and pancreas. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298660. [PMID: 38412155 PMCID: PMC10898723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin dysregulation in horses is characterised by hyperinsulinaemia and/or tissue insulin resistance and is associated with increased risk of laminitis. There is growing evidence in other species that dopamine attenuates insulin release from the pancreas; however, this has yet to be examined in horses. The present study aimed to identify whether there are cells capable of producing or responding to dopamine within the equine gastrointestinal mucosa and pancreas. Tissue samples were collected from the stomach, small and large intestines, and pancreas of six mature horses following euthanasia. Samples of stomach contents and faeces were also collected. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine production, and dopamine D2 receptors in tissue sections. Additional immunostaining for glucagon, insulin and chromogranin A was performed to identify α cells, β cells and enteroendocrine cells, respectively. Gastric parietal cells expressed both TH and D2 receptors, indicating that they are capable of both producing and responding to dopamine. Dopamine was quantified in stomach contents and faeces by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, with similar concentrations found at both sites. Dopamine D2 receptors were expressed in duodenal epithelial cells but not more distally. A subset of enteroendocrine cells, located sporadically along the gastrointestinal tract, were found to be immunopositive for the D2 receptor. In pancreatic islets, TH was present in α cells, while D2 receptors were strongly expressed in β cells and variably expressed in α cells. These findings are consistent with studies of other species; however, dynamic studies are required to further elucidate the role of dopamine in the modulation of insulin and glucagon secretion in horses. This descriptive study provides preliminary evidence for a potential role of dopamine to act as a paracrine messenger in the gastrointestinal mucosa and endocrine pancreas of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C. Galinelli
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Bamford
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melody A. de Laat
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin N. Sillence
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patricia A. Harris
- Equine Studies Group, Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Bailey
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Borgonovo J, Allende-Castro C, Medinas DB, Cárdenas D, Cuevas MP, Hetz C, Concha ML. Immunohistochemical characterisation of the adult Nothobranchius furzeri intestine. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 395:21-38. [PMID: 38015266 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Nothobranchius furzeri is emerging as an exciting vertebrate organism in the field of biomedicine, developmental biology and ecotoxicology research. Its short generation time, compressed lifespan and accelerated ageing make it a versatile model for longitudinal studies with high traceability. Although in recent years the use of this model has increased enormously, there is still little information on the anatomy, morphology and histology of its main organs. In this paper, we present a description of the digestive system of N. furzeri, with emphasis on the intestine. We note that the general architecture of the intestinal tissue is shared with other vertebrates, and includes a folding mucosa, an outer muscle layer and a myenteric plexus. By immunohistochemical analysis, we reveal that the mucosa harbours the same type of epithelial cells observed in mammals, including enterocytes, goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells, and that the myenteric neurons express neurotransmitters common to other species, such as serotonin, substance P and tyrosine hydroxylase. In addition, we detect the presence of a proliferative compartment at the base of the intestinal folds. The description of the normal intestinal morphology provided here constitutes a baseline information to contrast with tissue alterations in future lines of research assessing pathologies, ageing-related diseases or damage caused by toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Borgonovo
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Allende-Castro
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danilo B Medinas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deyanira Cárdenas
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Medical Technology School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Cuevas
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Medical Technology School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Miguel L Concha
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile.
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
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11
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He L, Zheng H, Qiu J, Chen H, Li H, Ma Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Hao Y, Liu Y, Yang Q, Wang X, Li M, Xu H, Peng P, Li Z, Zhou Y, Wu Q, Chen S, Zhang X, Liu T. Effects of Multiple High-Dose Methamphetamine Administration on Enteric Dopaminergic Neurons and Intestinal Motility in the Rat Model. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:604-614. [PMID: 37755670 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have identified the effects of methamphetamine (MA) on central dopaminergic neurons, but its effects on enteric dopaminergic neurons (EDNs) are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MA on EDNs and intestinal motility. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into MA group and saline group. The MA group received the multiple high-dose MA treatment paradigm, while the controls received the same saline treatment. After enteric motility was assessed, different intestinal segments (i.e., duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon) were taken for histopathological, molecular biological, and immunological analysis. The EDNs were assessed by measuring the expression of two dopaminergic neuronal markers, dopamine transporter (DAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), at the transcriptional and protein levels. We also used c-Fos protein, a marker of neural activity, to detect the activation of EDNs. MA resulted in a significant reduction in TH and DAT mRNA expression as well as in the number of EDNs in the duodenum and jejunum (p < 0.05). MA caused a dramatic increase in c-Fos expression of EDNs in the ileum (p < 0.001). The positional variability of MA effects on EDNs paralleled the positional variability of its effect on intestinal motility, as evidenced by the marked inhibitory effect of MA on small intestinal motility (p < 0.0001). This study found significant effects of MA on EDNs with locational variability, which might be relevant to locational variability in the potential effects of MA on intestinal functions, such as motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huihui Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jilong Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuejiao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuzhu Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yueheng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Manyun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huixue Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Pu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zejun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China
| | - Qiuxia Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shubao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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12
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Garretti F, Monahan C, Sloan N, Bergen J, Shahriar S, Kim SW, Sette A, Cutforth T, Kanter E, Agalliu D, Sulzer D. Interaction of an α-synuclein epitope with HLA-DRB1 ∗15:01 triggers enteric features in mice reminiscent of prodromal Parkinson's disease. Neuron 2023; 111:3397-3413.e5. [PMID: 37597517 PMCID: PMC11068096 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Enteric symptoms are hallmarks of prodromal Parkinson's disease (PD) that appear decades before the onset of motor symptoms and diagnosis. PD patients possess circulating T cells that recognize specific α-synuclein (α-syn)-derived epitopes. One epitope, α-syn32-46, binds with strong affinity to the HLA-DRB1∗15:01 allele implicated in autoimmune diseases. We report that α-syn32-46 immunization in a mouse expressing human HLA-DRB1∗15:01 triggers intestinal inflammation, leading to loss of enteric neurons, damaged enteric dopaminergic neurons, constipation, and weight loss. α-Syn32-46 immunization activates innate and adaptive immune gene signatures in the gut and induces changes in the CD4+ TH1/TH17 transcriptome that resemble tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells found in mucosal barriers during inflammation. Depletion of CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells partially rescues enteric neurodegeneration. Therefore, interaction of α-syn32-46 and HLA-DRB1∗15:0 is critical for gut inflammation and CD4+ T cell-mediated loss of enteric neurons in humanized mice, suggesting mechanisms that may underlie prodromal enteric PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Garretti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Connor Monahan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Sloan
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Bergen
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjid Shahriar
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seon Woo Kim
- Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California in San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Tyler Cutforth
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Kanter
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dritan Agalliu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - David Sulzer
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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13
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Nakamori H, Hashitani H. Neural targets of the enteric dopaminergic system in regulating motility of rat proximal colon. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1315-1327. [PMID: 37589734 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
In isolated segments of the rat proximal colon, the dopamine reuptake inhibitor GBR 12909 (GBR) causes a dilatation, while the D1-like receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (SCH) induces a tonic constriction, suggesting that neurally released dopamine tonically stimulates enteric inhibitory efferent neurons. Here, the targets of the enteric dopaminergic neurons were investigated. Cannulated segments of rat proximal colon were bathed in physiological salt solution and luminally perfused with 0.9% saline, while all drugs were applied to the bath. Spatio-temporal maps of colonic motility were constructed from video recordings of peristaltic contractions, and the maximum diameter was measured as an index of colonic contractility. GBR (1 μM)-induced dilatations of colonic segments were prevented by SCH (5 μM), L-nitro arginine (L-NA; 100 μM), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, or tetrodotoxin (0.6 μM). In contrast, constrictions induced by a higher concentration of SCH (20 μM) were unaffected by either L-NA or tetrodotoxin. The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist VIP10-28 (3 μM) or P2Y1 receptor antagonist MRS 2500 (1 μM) had no effect on either the GBR-induced dilatation or the SCH-induced constriction. In colonic segments that had been pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine (100 μM, 3 h) to deplete enteric dopamine, GBR failed to increase the colonic diameter, while SCH was still capable of constricting colonic segments. Enteric dopaminergic neurons appear to project to nitrergic neurons to dilate the proximal colon by activating neuronal D1-like receptors. In addition, constitutively activated D1-like receptors expressed in cells yet to be determined may provide a tonic inhibition on colonic constrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakamori
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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14
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Grigoletto J, Miraglia F, Benvenuti L, Pellegrini C, Soldi S, Galletti S, Cattaneo A, Pich EM, Grimaldi M, Colla E, Vesci L. Velusetrag rescues GI dysfunction, gut inflammation and dysbiosis in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:140. [PMID: 37783672 PMCID: PMC10545757 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), constipation is common, and it appears in a prodromal stage before the hallmark motor symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate whether Velusetrag, a selective 5‑HT4 receptor agonist, may be a suitable candidate to improve intestinal motility in a mouse model of PD. Five months old PrP human A53T alpha-synuclein transgenic (Tg) mice, which display severe constipation along with decreased colonic cholinergic transmission already at 3 months, were treated daily with the drug for 4 weeks. Velusetrag treatment reduced constipation by significantly stimulating both the longitudinal and circular-driven contractions and improved inflammation by reducing the level of serum and colonic IL1β and TNF-α and by decreasing the number of GFAP-positive glia cells in the colon of treated mice. No significant downregulation of the 5-HT4 receptor was observed but instead Velusetrag seemed to improve axonal degeneration in Tgs as shown by an increase in NF-H and VAChT staining. Ultimately, Velusetrag restored a well-balanced intestinal microbial composition comparable to non-Tg mice. Based on these promising data, we are confident that Velusetrag is potentially eligible for clinical studies to treat constipation in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Grigoletto
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabiana Miraglia
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Soldi
- AAT Advanced Analytical Technologies Srl, via P. Majavacca 12 - 29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy
| | - Serena Galletti
- AAT Advanced Analytical Technologies Srl, via P. Majavacca 12 - 29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Neurotrophins and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Rita Levi-Montalcini European Brain Research Institute, Viale Regina Elena 295, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Emilio Merlo Pich
- Corporate R&D, Alfasigma S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30.400, 00071, Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Maria Grimaldi
- Corporate R&D, Alfasigma S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30.400, 00071, Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Emanuela Colla
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy.
| | - Loredana Vesci
- Corporate R&D, Alfasigma S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30.400, 00071, Pomezia (Rome), Italy.
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15
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Moore SC, Vaz de Castro PAS, Yaqub D, Jose PA, Armando I. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Peripheral Dopamine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13816. [PMID: 37762126 PMCID: PMC10530375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is synthesized in the nervous system where it acts as a neurotransmitter. Dopamine is also synthesized in a number of peripheral organs as well as in several types of cells and has organ-specific functions and, as demonstrated more recently, is involved in the regulation of the immune response and inflammatory reaction. In particular, the renal dopaminergic system is very important in the regulation of sodium transport and blood pressure and is particularly sensitive to stimuli that cause oxidative stress and inflammation. This review is focused on how dopamine is synthesized in organs and tissues and the mechanisms by which dopamine and its receptors exert their effects on the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ines Armando
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (S.C.M.); (P.A.S.V.d.C.); (D.Y.); (P.A.J.)
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16
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Čović M, Zjalić M, Mihajlović L, Pap M, Wagner J, Mandić D, Debeljak Ž, Heffer M. Sucralose Targets the Insulin Signaling Pathway in the SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cell Line. Metabolites 2023; 13:817. [PMID: 37512524 PMCID: PMC10385368 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucralose is widely used as a non-nutritive sweetener (NNS). However, in order to justify its use as a non-nutritive food additive, sucralose would have to be metabolically neutral. The aim of this study was to examine whether sucralose altered the insulin signaling pathway in an in vitro cell model of Parkinson's disease (PD)-the dopaminergic differentiated cell line SH-SY5Y. Cells were exposed to sucralose alone and in combination with either insulin or levodopa. Activation of the insulin signaling pathway was assessed by quantifying protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), as well as the phosphorylated forms of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1-R). Metabolic effects were assayed using MALDI-TOF MS analysis. In the cell viability test, 2 mM sucralose had a negative effect, and levodopa in all combinations had a positive effect. Sucralose treatment alone suppressed GSK3 and IGF1-R phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. This treatment also altered the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids, especially when combined with insulin and levodopa. Suppression of the insulin signaling pathway and sucralose-induced changes in the metabolic profile could underlie a diet-acquired insulin resistance, previously associated with neurodegeneration, or may be an altered response to insulin or levodopa medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Čović
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Milorad Zjalić
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lovro Mihajlović
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marianna Pap
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscopic Laboratory, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jasenka Wagner
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dario Mandić
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, Osijek University Hospital, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željko Debeljak
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, Osijek University Hospital, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Heffer
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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17
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Montanari M, Imbriani P, Bonsi P, Martella G, Peppe A. Beyond the Microbiota: Understanding the Role of the Enteric Nervous System in Parkinson's Disease from Mice to Human. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1560. [PMID: 37371655 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a nerve network composed of neurons and glial cells that regulates the motor and secretory functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. There is abundant evidence of mutual communication between the brain and the GI tract. Dysfunction of these connections appears to be involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Alterations in the ENS have been shown to occur very early in PD, even before central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Post-mortem studies of PD patients have shown aggregation of α-synuclein (αS) in specific subtypes of neurons in the ENS. Subsequently, αS spreads retrogradely in the CNS through preganglionic vagal fibers to this nerve's dorsal motor nucleus (DMV) and other central nervous structures. Here, we highlight the role of the ENS in PD pathogenesis based on evidence observed in animal models and using a translational perspective. While acknowledging the putative role of the microbiome in the gut-brain axis (GBA), this review provides a comprehensive view of the ENS not only as a "second brain", but also as a window into the "first brain", a potentially crucial element in the search for new therapeutic approaches that can delay and even cure the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Montanari
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Imbriani
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Clinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Peppe
- Clinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
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18
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Serio R, Zizzo MG. The multiple roles of dopamine receptor activation in the modulation of gastrointestinal motility and mucosal function. Auton Neurosci 2023; 244:103041. [PMID: 36372052 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.103041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a catecholamine regulatory molecule with potential role in physiology and physiopathology of the intestinal tract. Various cellular sources of DA have been indicated as enteric neurons, immune cells, intestinal flora and gastrointestinal epithelium. Moreover, DA is produced by nutritional tyrosine. All the five DA receptors, actually described, are present throughout the gut. Current knowledge of DA in this area is reviewed, focusing on gastrointestinal function in health and during inflammation. Research on animal models and humans are reported. A major obstacle to understanding the physiologic and/or pharmacological roles of enteric DA is represented by the multiplicity of receptors involved in the responses together with many signalling pathways related to each receptor subtype. It is mandatory to map precisely the distributions of DA receptors, to determine the relevance of a receptor in a specific location in order to explore novel therapies directed to dopaminergic targets that may be useful in the control of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Zizzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; ATeN (Advanced Technologies Network) Center, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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19
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Channer B, Matt SM, Nickoloff-Bybel EA, Pappa V, Agarwal Y, Wickman J, Gaskill PJ. Dopamine, Immunity, and Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:62-158. [PMID: 36757901 PMCID: PMC9832385 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function, regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also regulates critical functions in peripheral organs, such as blood pressure, renal activity, and intestinal motility. Beyond these functions, a growing body of evidence indicates that dopamine is an important immunoregulatory factor. Most types of immune cells express dopamine receptors and other dopaminergic proteins, and many immune cells take up, produce, store, and/or release dopamine, suggesting that dopaminergic immunomodulation is important for immune function. Targeting these pathways could be a promising avenue for the treatment of inflammation and disease, but despite increasing research in this area, data on the specific effects of dopamine on many immune cells and disease processes remain inconsistent and poorly understood. Therefore, this review integrates the current knowledge of the role of dopamine in immune cell function and inflammatory signaling across systems. We also discuss the current understanding of dopaminergic regulation of immune signaling in the CNS and peripheral tissues, highlighting the role of dopaminergic immunomodulation in diseases such as Parkinson's disease, several neuropsychiatric conditions, neurologic human immunodeficiency virus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and others. Careful consideration is given to the influence of experimental design on results, and we note a number of areas in need of further research. Overall, this review integrates our knowledge of dopaminergic immunology at the cellular, tissue, and disease level and prompts the development of therapeutics and strategies targeted toward ameliorating disease through dopaminergic regulation of immunity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Canonically, dopamine is recognized as a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of movement, cognition, and reward. However, dopamine also acts as an immune modulator in the central nervous system and periphery. This review comprehensively assesses the current knowledge of dopaminergic immunomodulation and the role of dopamine in disease pathogenesis at the cellular and tissue level. This will provide broad access to this information across fields, identify areas in need of further investigation, and drive the development of dopaminergic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breana Channer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Stephanie M Matt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Emily A Nickoloff-Bybel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Jason Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Peter J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
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20
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Aggregation of alpha-synuclein in enteric neurons does not impact function in vitro. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22211. [PMID: 36564445 PMCID: PMC9789045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence implicates a gut-first pathogenesis in the enteric nervous system (ENS) within a portion of PD patients, yet in vitro investigations have primarily focused on the central nervous system. Here, the preformed fibril (PFF) PD model is applied with co-administered groups of butyrate and lipopolysaccharide to model the effects of the local gut microbiome. Significant PFF uptake and retention occur in isolated rat enteric neurons compared to untreated controls resulting in increasing immunostained aggregate conformation-specific, alpha-synuclein (a-Syn) average intensity between 6 µg PFF and untreated controls. Cortical neurons significantly retain PFFs with an increase in aggregated a-Syn average intensity within all dosages. Differences in growth cone morphology but not dynamics in PFF-treated ENS cultures occur. Electrophysiological recordings via a microelectrode array (MEA) indicate no overall difference in spontaneous spike rate. However, only untreated controls respond to PD-relevant dopamine stimulus, while 1 µg PFF and control populations respond to stimulus with ENS-abundant acetylcholine. Finally, no differences in substance P levels-correlated with PD and neurodegeneration-are observed. Overall, these findings suggest the ENS retains PFF dosage absent acute loss in function, however, does experience changes in growth cone morphology and dopamine-stimulated activity.
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21
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Gut microbiome-wide association study of depressive symptoms. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7128. [PMID: 36473852 PMCID: PMC9726982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most poorly understood diseases due to its elusive pathogenesis. There is an urgency to identify molecular and biological mechanisms underlying depression and the gut microbiome is a novel area of interest. Here we investigate the relation of fecal microbiome diversity and composition with depressive symptoms in 1,054 participants from the Rotterdam Study cohort and validate these findings in the Amsterdam HELIUS cohort in 1,539 subjects. We identify association of thirteen microbial taxa, including genera Eggerthella, Subdoligranulum, Coprococcus, Sellimonas, Lachnoclostridium, Hungatella, Ruminococcaceae (UCG002, UCG003 and UCG005), LachnospiraceaeUCG001, Eubacterium ventriosum and Ruminococcusgauvreauiigroup, and family Ruminococcaceae with depressive symptoms. These bacteria are known to be involved in the synthesis of glutamate, butyrate, serotonin and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), which are key neurotransmitters for depression. Our study suggests that the gut microbiome composition may play a key role in depression.
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22
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Enteric Neuromics: How High-Throughput "Omics" Deepens Our Understanding of Enteric Nervous System Genetic Architecture. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 15:487-504. [PMID: 36368612 PMCID: PMC9792566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent accessibility to specialized high-throughput "omics" technologies including single cell RNA sequencing allows researchers to capture cell type- and subtype-specific expression signatures. These omics methods are used in the enteric nervous system (ENS) to identify potential subtypes of enteric neurons and glia. ENS omics data support the known gene and/or protein expression of functional neuronal and glial cell subtypes and suggest expression patterns of novel subtypes. Gene and protein expression patterns can be further used to infer cellular function and implications in human disease. In this review we discuss how high-throughput "omics" data add additional depth to the understanding of established functional subtypes of ENS cells and raise new questions by suggesting novel ENS cell subtypes with unique gene and protein expression patterns. Then we investigate the changes in these expression patterns during pathology observed by omics research. Although current ENS omics studies provide a plethora of novel data and therefore answers, they equally create new questions and routes for future study.
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23
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Hamnett R, Dershowitz LB, Sampathkumar V, Wang Z, Gomez-Frittelli J, De Andrade V, Kasthuri N, Druckmann S, Kaltschmidt JA. Regional cytoarchitecture of the adult and developing mouse enteric nervous system. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4483-4492.e5. [PMID: 36070775 PMCID: PMC9613618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The organization and cellular composition of tissues are key determinants of their biological function. In the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the enteric nervous system (ENS) intercalates between muscular and epithelial layers of the gut wall and can control GI function independent of central nervous system (CNS) input.1 As in the CNS, distinct regions of the GI tract are highly specialized and support diverse functions, yet the regional and spatial organization of the ENS remains poorly characterized.2 Cellular arrangements,3,4 circuit connectivity patterns,5,6 and diverse cell types7-9 are known to underpin ENS functional complexity and GI function, but enteric neurons are most typically described only as a uniform meshwork of interconnected ganglia. Here, we present a bird's eye view of the mouse ENS, describing its previously underappreciated cytoarchitecture and regional variation. We visually and computationally demonstrate that enteric neurons are organized in circumferential neuronal stripes. This organization emerges gradually during the perinatal period, with neuronal stripe formation in the small intestine (SI) preceding that in the colon. The width of neuronal stripes varies throughout the length of the GI tract, and distinct neuronal subtypes differentially populate specific regions of the GI tract, with stark contrasts between SI and colon as well as within subregions of each. This characterization provides a blueprint for future understanding of region-specific GI function and identifying ENS structural correlates of diverse GI disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Hamnett
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lori B Dershowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vandana Sampathkumar
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julieta Gomez-Frittelli
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vincent De Andrade
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Narayanan Kasthuri
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Shaul Druckmann
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julia A Kaltschmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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24
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Abedpoor N, Taghian F, Hajibabaie F. Cross Brain-Gut Analysis Highlighted Hub Genes and LncRNA Networks Differentially Modified During Leucine Consumption and Endurance Exercise in Mice with Depression-Like Behaviors. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4106-4123. [PMID: 35476290 PMCID: PMC9045027 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a frequent mood disorder that might impair the brain-gut axis. In this study, we divided 30 mice into five groups: untreated mice, mice with depression-like behaviors, mice with depression-like behaviors treated with consumed leucine, mice with depression-like behaviors treated with exercise training, mice with depression-like behaviors treated with exercise training along with consumed leucine. According to artificial intelligence biological analysis, we found some mediators such as lncRNAs profile and Kdr/Vegfα/Pten/Bdnf interactions network in the hippocampus region and ileum tissue which could be decisive molecules in the brain-gut axis. Moreover, KDR as a principal cutpoint protein in the network was identified as the pharmaceutical approach for major depressive ameliorating based on pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking outcomes. Furthermore, we indicated that the mRNA and protein level of the Pten enhanced and Vegfα/Kdr/Bdnf mRNAs, as well as the protein level of KDR, decreased in mice with depression-like behaviors. Moreover, exercise and leucine ameliorated the brain-gut axis in mice with depression-like behaviors. Exercise and leucine regulated the lncRNAs network in the hippocampus and ileum of mice with depression-like behaviors. We suggest that the lncRNAs profiles could be considered as diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers, and exercise + leucine might be a practical approach to improve depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Abedpoor
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Taghian
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hajibabaie
- Department of Physiology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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25
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Cerantola S, Faggin S, Caputi V, Bosi A, Banfi D, Rambaldo A, Porzionato A, Di Liddo R, De Caro R, Savarino EV, Giaroni C, Giron MC. Small intestine neuromuscular dysfunction in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ileitis: Involvement of dopaminergic neurotransmission. Life Sci 2022; 301:120562. [PMID: 35487304 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Anomalies in dopaminergic machinery have been shown in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and preclinical models of IBD. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the impact of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ileitis on enteric dopaminergic pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57/Bl6 mice (10 ± 2 weeks old) received 2% DSS in drinking water for 5 days and were then switched to regular drinking water for 3 days. To measure ileitis severity inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6) levels were assessed. Changes in ileal muscle tension were isometrically recorded following: 1) cumulative addition of dopamine on basal tone (0.1-1000 μM); ii) 4-Hz electric field stimulation (EFS) in the presence of 30 μM dopamine with/without 10 μM SCH-23390 (dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) antagonist) or 10 μM sulpiride (D2R antagonist). Immunofluorescence distribution of the neuronal HuC/D protein, glial S100β marker, D1R, and dopamine transporter (DAT) were determined in longitudinal-muscle-myenteric plexus whole-mounts (LMMPs) by confocal microscopy. D1R and D2R mRNA transcripts were evaluated by qRT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS DSS caused an inflammatory process in the small intestine associated to dysmotility and altered barrier permeability, as suggested by decreased fecal output and enhanced stool water content. DSS treatment caused a significant increase of DAT and D1R myenteric immunoreactivity as well as of D1R and D2R mRNA levels, accompanied by a significant reduction of dopamine-mediated relaxation, involving primarily D1-like receptors. SIGNIFICANCE Mouse ileitis affects enteric dopaminergic neurotransmission mainly involving D1R-mediated responses. These findings provide novel information on the participation of dopaminergic pathways in IBD-mediated neuromuscular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cerantola
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sofia Faggin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Caputi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Banfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Anna Rambaldo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Edoardo V Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy.
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26
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Chalazonitis A, Rao M, Sulzer D. Similarities and differences between nigral and enteric dopaminergic neurons unravel distinctive involvement in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:50. [PMID: 35459867 PMCID: PMC9033791 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the well-known degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, enteric neurons can also be affected in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopaminergic neurons have recently been identified in the enteric nervous system (ENS). While ENS dopaminergic neurons have been shown to degenerate in genetic mouse models of PD, analyses of their survival in enteric biopsies of PD patients have provided inconsistent results to date. In this context, this review seeks to highlight the distinctive and shared factors and properties that control the evolution of these two sets of dopaminergic neurons from neuronal precursors to aging neurons. Although their cellular sources and developmental times of origin differ, midbrain and ENS dopaminergic neurons express many transcription factors in common and their respective environments express similar neurotrophic molecules. For example, Foxa2 and Sox6 are expressed by both populations to promote the specification, differentiation, and long-term maintenance of the dopaminergic phenotype. Both populations exhibit sustained patterns of excitability that drive intrinsic vulnerability over time. In disorders such as PD, colon biopsies have revealed aggregation of alpha-synuclein in the submucosal plexus where dopaminergic neurons reside and lack blood barrier protection. Thus, these enteric neurons may be more susceptible to neurotoxic insults and aggregation of α-synuclein that spreads from gut to midbrain. Under sustained stress, inefficient autophagy leads to neurodegeneration, GI motility dysfunction, and PD symptoms. Recent findings suggest that novel neurotrophic factors such as CDNF have the potential to be used as neuroprotective agents to prevent and treat ENS symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alcmène Chalazonitis
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatry Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
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27
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Liu XY, Zheng LF, Fan YY, Shen QY, Qi Y, Li GW, Sun Q, Zhang Y, Feng XY, Zhu JX. Activation of dopamine D 2 receptor promotes pepsinogen secretion by suppressing somatostatin release from the mouse gastric mucosa. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C327-C337. [PMID: 34986020 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00385.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In vivo administration of dopamine (DA) receptor (DR)-related drugs modulate gastric pepsinogen secretion. However, DRs on gastric pepsinogen-secreting chief cells and DA D2 receptor (D2R) on somatostatin-secreting D cells were subsequently acquired. In this study, we aimed to further investigate the local effect of DA on gastric pepsinogen secretion through DRs expressed on chief cells or potential D2Rs expressed on D cells. To elucidate the modulation of DRs in gastric pepsinogen secretion, immunofluorescence staining, ex vivo incubation of gastric mucosa isolated from normal and D2R-/- mice were conducted, accompanied by measurements of pepsinogen or somatostatin levels using biochemical assays or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. D1R, D2R, and D5R-immunoreactivity (IR) were observed on chief cells in mouse gastric mucosa. D2R-IR was widely distributed on D cells from the corpus to the antrum. Ex vivo incubation results showed that DA and the D1-like receptor agonist SKF38393 increased pepsinogen secretion, which was blocked by the D1-like receptor antagonist SCH23390. However, D2-like receptor agonist quinpirole also significantly increased pepsinogen secretion, and D2-like receptor antagonist sulpiride blocked the promotion of DA. Besides, D2-like receptors exerted an inhibitory effect on somatostatin secretion, in contrast to their effect on pepsinogen secretion. Furthermore, D2R-/- mice showed much lower basal pepsinogen secretion but significantly increased somatostatin release and an increased number of D cells in gastric mucosa. Only SKF38393, not quinpirole, increased pepsinogen secretion in D2R-/- mice. DA promotes gastric pepsinogen secretion directly through D1-like receptors on chief cells and indirectly through D2R-mediated suppression of somatostatin release.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chief Cells, Gastric/drug effects
- Chief Cells, Gastric/metabolism
- Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Pepsinogen A/metabolism
- Quinpirole/pharmacology
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Secretory Pathway
- Somatostatin/metabolism
- Somatostatin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Somatostatin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Fei Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Ying Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Wen Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xia Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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28
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Villageliu DN, Samuelson DR. The Role of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles in Human Health and Disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:828704. [PMID: 35300484 PMCID: PMC8923303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.828704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are nanoparticles derived from the membrane components of bacteria that transport microbial derived substances. MVs are ubiquitous across a variety of terrestrial and marine environments and vary widely in their composition and function. Membrane vesicle functional diversity is staggering: MVs facilitate intercellular communication by delivering quorum signals, genetic information, and small molecules active against a variety of receptors. MVs can deliver destructive virulence factors, alter the composition of the microbiota, take part in the formation of biofilms, assist in the uptake of nutrients, and serve as a chemical waste removal system for bacteria. MVs also facilitate host-microbe interactions including communication. Released in mass, MVs overwhelm the host immune system and injure host tissues; however, there is also evidence that vesicles may take part in processes which promote host health. This review will examine the ascribed functions of MVs within the context of human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derrick R. Samuelson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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29
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Liu D, Bu D, Li H, Wang Q, Ding X, Fang X. Intestinal metabolites and the risk of autistic spectrum disorder: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1034214. [PMID: 36713927 PMCID: PMC9877426 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1034214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have reported a strong association between autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and intestinal metabolites. However, it is unclear whether this correlation is causally or violated by confounding or backward causality. Therefore, this study explored the potential causal relationship between intestinal metabolites and dependent metabolites on ASD. METHODS We used a two-sample Mendelian random analysis and selected variants closely related to intestinal flora-dependent metabolites as instrumental variables. MR-Egger, inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-PRESSO, maximum likelihood, and weighted median were performed to reveal their causal relationships. Ten metabolites were studied, which included trimethylamine-N-oxide, betaine, carnitine, choline, glutamate, kynurenine, phenylalanine, serotonin, tryptophan, and tyrosine. Sensitivity tests were also performed to evaluate the robustness of the MR study. RESULTS The IVW method revealed that serotonin may increase the ASD risk (OR 1.060, 95% CI: 1.006-1.118), while choline could decrease the ASD risk (OR 0.925, 95% CI: 0.868-0.988). However, no definite causality was observed between other intestinal metabolites (e.g., trimethylamine-N-oxide, betaine, and carnitine) with ASD. Additionally, neither the funnel plot nor the MR-Egger test showed horizontal pleiotropy, and the MR-PRESSO test found no outliers. Cochran's Q test showed no significant heterogeneity among the studies, suggesting the robustness of the study. CONCLUSION Our study found potential causality from intestinal metabolites on ASD. Clinicians are encouraged to offer preventive measures to such populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Dengyin Bu
- Department of Psychiatric Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Xudong Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Xiaolu Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
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Kurnik-Łucka M, Pasieka P, Łączak P, Wojnarski M, Jurczyk M, Gil K. Gastrointestinal Dopamine in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12932. [PMID: 34884737 PMCID: PMC8657776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND an increased prevalence of gastro-duodenal ulceration was described almost sixty years ago as prodromal to idiopathic Parkinson's disease, while duodenal ulcers have been rarely diagnosed in patients with schizophrenia. The cytoprotective role of dopamine in animal models of gastrointestinal ulcerations has also been described. Interestingly, Parkinson's disease (PD) might share common pathophysiological links with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as epidemiological and genetic links already suggest. Thus, the aim of our study was to review the existing literature on the role of the gastrointestinal dopaminergic system in IBD pathogenesis and progression. METHODS a systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA methodology. RESULTS twenty-four studies satisfied the predetermined criteria and were included in our qualitative analysis. Due to different observations (cross-sectional studies) as well as experimental setups and applied methodologies (in vivo and in vitro studies) a meta-analysis could not be performed. No ongoing clinical trials with dopaminergic compounds in IBD patients were found. CONCLUSIONS the impairment of the dopaminergic system seems to be a significant, yet underestimated, feature of IBD, and more in-depth observational studies are needed to further support the existing preclinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (P.P.); (P.Ł.); (M.W.); (M.J.); (K.G.)
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Tarif AMM, Islam MN, Jahan MR, Yanai A, Nozaki K, Masumoto KH, Shinoda K. Immunohistochemical expression and neurochemical phenotypes of huntingtin-associated protein 1 in the myenteric plexus of mouse gastrointestinal tract. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:533-558. [PMID: 34665322 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is a neural huntingtin interactor and being considered as a core molecule of stigmoid body (STB). Brain/spinal cord regions with abundant STB/HAP1 expression are usually spared from neurodegeneration in stress/disease conditions, whereas the regions with little STB/HAP1 expression are always neurodegenerative targets. The enteric nervous system (ENS) can act as a potential portal for pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. However, ENS is also a neurodegenerative target in these disorders. To date, the expression of HAP1 and its neurochemical characterization have never been examined there. In the current study, we determined the expression of HAP1 in the ENS of adult mice and characterized the morphological relationships of HAP1-immunoreactive (ir) cells with the markers of motor neurons, sensory neurons, and interneurons in the myenteric plexus using Western blotting and light/fluorescence microscopy. HAP1-immunoreaction was present in both myenteric and submucosal plexuses of ENS. Most of the HAP1-ir neurons exhibited STB in their cytoplasm. In myenteric plexus, a large number of calretinin, calbindin, NOS, VIP, ChAT, SP, somatostatin, and TH-ir neurons showed HAP1-immunoreactivity. In contrast, most of the CGRP-ir neurons were devoid of HAP1-immunoreactivity. Our current study is the first to clarify that HAP1 is highly expressed in excitatory motor neurons, inhibitory motor neurons, and interneurons but almost absent in sensory neurons in myenteric plexus. These suggest that STB/HAP1-ir neurons are mostly Dogiel type I neurons. Due to lack of putative STB/HAP1 protectivity, the sensory neurons (Dogiel type II) might be more vulnerable to neurodegeneration than STB/HAP1-expressing motoneurons/interneurons (Dogiel type I) in myenteric plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Md Mamun Tarif
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Md Nabiul Islam
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Mir Rubayet Jahan
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Akie Yanai
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
- Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozaki
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Masumoto
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koh Shinoda
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan.
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Nakamori H, Noda K, Mitsui R, Hashitani H. Role of enteric dopaminergic neurons in regulating peristalsis of rat proximal colon. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14127. [PMID: 33939231 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constipation is commonly seen in patients with Parkinson's disease associated with a loss of dopaminergic neurons in both central and enteric nervous systems. However, the roles of enteric dopaminergic neurons in developing constipation remain to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the roles of enteric dopaminergic neurons in the generation of colonic peristalsis. METHODS Cannulated segments of rat proximal colon were situated in the organ bath, abluminally perfused with physiological salt solution and luminally perfused with 0.9% saline. Drugs were applied in the abluminal solution. Changes in diameter along the length of the colonic segment were captured by a video camera and transformed into spatio-temporal maps. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was also carried out. KEY RESULTS Blockade of nitrergic neurotransmission prevented oro-aboral propagation of peristaltic waves and caused a colonic constriction without affecting ripples, non-propagating myogenic contractions. Blockade of cholinergic neurotransmission also prevented peristaltic waves but suppressed ripples with a colonic dilatation. Tetrodotoxin (0.6 μM) abolished peristaltic waves and increased ripples with a constriction. SCH 23390 (20 μM), a D1 -like dopamine receptor antagonist, slowed the peristaltic waves and caused a constriction, while GBR 12909 (1 μM), a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, diminished the peristaltic waves with a dilatation. Bath-applied dopamine (3 μM) abolished the peristaltic waves associated with a colonic dilation in an SCH 23390 (5 μM)-sensitive manner. D1 receptor immunoreactivity was co-localized to nitrergic and cholinergic neurons. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Dopaminergic neurons appear to facilitate nitrergic neurons via D1 -like receptors to stabilize asynchronous contractile activity resulting in the generation of colonic peristalsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakamori
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenta Noda
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Retsu Mitsui
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Li GW, Li J, Feng XY, Chen H, Chen Y, Liu JH, Zhang Y, Hong F, Zhu JX. Pancreatic acinar cells utilize tyrosine to synthesize L-dihydroxyphenylalanine. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2533-2542. [PMID: 34313482 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211032552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic β cells can synthesize dopamine by taking L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, but whether pancreatic acinar cells synthesize dopamine has not been confirmed. By means of immunofluorescence, the tyrosine hydroxylase -immunoreactivity and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)- immunoreactivity were respectively observed in pancreatic acinar cells and islet β cells. Treatment with L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, not tyrosine, caused the production of dopamine in the incubation of INS-1 cells (rat islet β cell line) and primary isolated islets, which was blocked by AADC inhibitor NSD-1015. However, only L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, but not dopamine, was detected when AR42J cells (rat pancreatic acinar cell line) were treated with tyrosine, which was blocked by tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor AMPT. Dopamine was detected in the coculture of INS-1 cells with AR42J cells after treatment with tyrosine. In an in vivo study, pancreatic juice contained high levels of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopamine. Both L-dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopamine accompanied with pancreatic enzymes and insulin in the pancreatic juice were all significantly increased after intraperitoneal injection of bethanechol chloride and their increases were all blocked by atropine. Inhibiting TH with AMPT blocked bethanechol chloride-induced increases in L-dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopamine, while inhibiting AADC with NSD-1015 only blocked the dopamine increase. Bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy of rats leads to significant decreases of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopamine in pancreatic juice. These results suggested that pancreatic acinar cells could utilize tyrosine to synthesize L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, not dopamine. Islet β cells only used L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, not tyrosine, to synthesize dopamine. Both L-dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopamine were respectively released into the pancreatic duct, which was regulated by the vagal cholinergic pathway. The present study provides important evidences for the source of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopamine in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Wen Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing-Hua Liu
- Grade 2017 Clinical Medicine, the Sixth Clinical School of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Feng Hong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China *These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jin-Xia Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Lyte JM, Keane J, Eckenberger J, Anthony N, Shrestha S, Marasini D, Daniels KM, Caputi V, Donoghue AM, Lyte M. Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) as a novel model to study the relationship between the avian microbiome and microbial endocrinology-based host-microbe interactions. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:38. [PMID: 33531080 PMCID: PMC7856774 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial endocrinology, which is the study of neuroendocrine-based interkingdom signaling, provides a causal mechanistic framework for understanding the bi-directional crosstalk between the host and microbiome, especially as regards the effect of stress on health and disease. The importance of the cecal microbiome in avian health is well-recognized, yet little is understood regarding the mechanisms underpinning the avian host-microbiome relationship. Neuroendocrine plasticity of avian tissues that are focal points of host-microbiome interaction, such as the gut and lung, has likewise received limited attention. Avian in vivo models that enable the study of the neuroendocrine dynamic between host and microbiome are needed. As such, we utilized Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) that diverge in corticosterone response to stress to examine the relationship between stress-related neurochemical concentrations at sites of host-microbe interaction, such as the gut, and the cecal microbiome. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that birds which contrast in corticosterone response to stress show profound separation in cecal microbial community structure as well as exhibit differences in tissue neurochemical concentrations and structural morphologies of the gut. Changes in neurochemicals known to be affected by the microbiome were also identified in tissues outside of the gut, suggesting a potential relationship in birds between the cecal microbiome and overall avian physiology. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides the first evidence that the structure of the avian cecal microbial community is shaped by selection pressure on the bird for neuroendocrine response to stress. Identification of unique region-dependent neurochemical changes in the intestinal tract following stress highlights environmental stressors as potential drivers of microbial endocrinology-based mechanisms of avian host-microbiome dialogue. Together, these results demonstrate that tissue neurochemical concentrations in the avian gut may be related to the cecal microbiome and reveal the Japanese quail as a novel avian model in which to further examine the mechanisms underpinning these relationships. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Lyte
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - James Keane
- Department of Computer Science, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
| | - Julia Eckenberger
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Anthony
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Sandip Shrestha
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Daya Marasini
- Weems Design Studio Inc., Suwanee, Georgia, USA/ Contractor to Centers for Disease control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
| | - Karrie M. Daniels
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | | | - Annie M. Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Mark Lyte
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
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Ten Hove AS, Seppen J, de Jonge WJ. Neuronal innervation of the intestinal crypt. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G193-G205. [PMID: 33296267 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00239.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal damage is a key feature of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and healing of the mucosa is an endpoint of IBD treatment that is often difficult to achieve. Autonomic neurons of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system may influence intestinal epithelial cell growth and modulating epithelial innervation could for that reason serve as an interesting therapeutic option to improve mucosal healing. Understanding of the biological processes triggered by nonspecific and specific epithelial adrenergic and cholinergic receptor activation is of key importance. At present, with rising technological advances, bioelectronic neuromodulation as treatment modality has gained momentum. We discuss the current view on state-of-the-art innervation of the intestinal crypt and its impact on epithelial cell growth and differentiation. Furthermore, we outline bioelectronic technology and review its relevance to wound healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S Ten Hove
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Seppen
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Popov J, Bandura J, Markovic F, Borojevic R, Anipindi VC, Pai N, Ratcliffe EM. Influence of bacterial components on the developmental programming of enteric neurons. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14611. [PMID: 33185323 PMCID: PMC7663985 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal bacteria have been increasingly shown to be involved in early postnatal development. Previous work has shown that intestinal bacteria are necessary for the structural development and intrinsic function of the enteric nervous system in early postnatal life. Furthermore, colonization with a limited number of bacteria appears to be sufficient for the formation of a normal enteric nervous system. We tested the hypothesis that common bacterial components could influence the programming of developing enteric neurons. METHODS The developmental programming of enteric neurons was studied by isolating enteric neural crest-derived cells from the fetal gut of C57Bl/6 mice at embryonic day 15.5. After the establishment of the cell line, cultured enteric neuronal precursors were exposed to increasing concentrations of a panel of bacterial components including lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, and components of peptidoglycan. KEY RESULT Exposure to bacterial components consistently affected proportions of enteric neuronal precursors that developed into nitrergic neurons. Furthermore, flagellin and D-gamma-Glu-mDAP were found to promote the development of serotonergic neurons. Proportions of dopaminergic neurons remained unchanged. Proliferation of neuronal precursor cells was significantly increased upon exposure to lipopolysaccharide and flagellin, while no significant changes were observed in the proportion of apoptotic neuronal precursors compared to baseline with exposure to any bacterial component. CONCLUSIONS AND INTERFACES These findings suggest that bacterial components may influence the development of enteric neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Popov
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
- McMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery and Study Graduate ProgramMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Julia Bandura
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Filip Markovic
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Rajka Borojevic
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | | | - Nikhil Pai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Elyanne M. Ratcliffe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
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Garrido-Gil P, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Lage L, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Estrogen Deficiency and Colonic Function: Surgical Menopause and Sex Differences in Angiotensin and Dopamine Receptor Interaction. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 76:1533-1541. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The physiopathological mechanisms that regulate menopausal and sex differences in colonic transit, inflammatory processes, and efficacy of treatments have not been clarified. The dopaminergic system and renin–angiotensin system coexist in the gut and regulate different processes such as motility, absorption/secretion, and inflammation. We investigated the changes in expression of major angiotensin and dopamine receptors in the colon of male, female, and ovariectomized female mice. Possible interaction between both systems was investigated using male and female mice deficient (ko) for major angiotensin and dopamine receptors. In wild-type mice, colonic tissue from females showed lower angiotensin type 1/angiotensin type 2 ratio (an index of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory renin–angiotensin system balance), lower dopamine D1 and D2 receptor expression, and lower levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative markers relative to males. Interestingly, ovariectomy increased the expression of pro-inflammatory angiotensin type 1 receptor expression and decreased anti-inflammatory angiotensin type 2 receptor expression, increased D1 and D2 receptor expression, and increased the levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative markers. Ovariectomy-induced changes were blocked by estrogen replacement. The present results suggest a mutual regulation between colonic angiotensin and dopamine receptors and sex differences in this mutual regulation. Estrogen regulates changes in both angiotensin and dopamine receptor expression, which may be involved in sex- and surgical menopause-related effects on gut motility, permeability, and vulnerability to inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Lage
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Liu M, Lyte M. Pyruvate is required for catecholamine-stimulated growth of different strains of Campylobacter jejuni. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10011. [PMID: 33062434 PMCID: PMC7528810 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans and food-producing animals are constantly exposed to and affected by stress. As a consequence of stress, the release of stress-related catecholamines, such as norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA), from nerve terminals in the gastrointestinal tract potentiates both the growth and the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. This may lead to the enhancement of gastrointestinal infections in humans or food-producing animals. Compared with foodborne bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., less is known about the effect of stress catecholamines on Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni. The present study focuses on the effect(s) of stress catecholamines DA and NE in iron-restricted media and how they affect the growth of different C. jejuni strains NCTC 11168, 81-176, and ML2126. Results demonstrated that DA- and NE-enhanced growth of C. jejuni in iron-restricted media may involve different mechanisms that cannot be explained by current understanding which relies on catecholamine-mediated iron delivery. Specifically, we found that DA-enhanced growth requires pyruvate, whereas NE-enhanced growth does not. We further report significant strain-specific dependence of C. jejuni growth on various catecholamines in the presence or absence of pyruvate. These data provide novel insights into the effect(s) of stress catecholamines on the in vitro growth of C. jejuni in iron-restricted environments, such as the intestinal tract. They suggest a mechanism by which stress-related catecholamines affect the growth of C. jejuni in the intestinal tract of food-producing animals, which in turn may influence colonization and transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meicen Liu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Mark Lyte
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
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Belkacemi L, Darmani NA. Dopamine receptors in emesis: Molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic function. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105124. [PMID: 32814171 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is a member of the catecholamine family and is associated with multiple physiological functions. Together with its five receptor subtypes, dopamine is closely linked to neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, depression, attention deficit-hyperactivity, and restless leg syndrome. Unfortunately, several dopamine receptor-based agonists used to treat some of these diseases cause nausea and vomiting as impending side-effects. The high degree of cross interactions of dopamine receptor ligands with many other targets including G-protein coupled receptors, transporters, enzymes, and ion-channels, add to the complexity of discovering new targets for the treatment of nausea and vomiting. Using activation status of signaling cascades as mechanism-based biomarkers to foresee drug sensitivity combined with the development of dopamine receptor-based biased agonists may hold great promise and seems as the next step in drug development for the treatment of such multifactorial diseases. In this review, we update the present knowledge on dopamine and dopamine receptors and their potential roles in nausea and vomiting. The pre- and clinical evidence provided in this review supports the implication of both dopamine and dopamine receptor agonists in the incidence of emesis. Besides the conventional dopaminergic antiemetic drugs, potential novel antiemetic targeting emetic protein signaling cascades may offer superior selectivity profile and potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louiza Belkacemi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Nissar A Darmani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA.
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Pajares M, I. Rojo A, Manda G, Boscá L, Cuadrado A. Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071687. [PMID: 32674367 PMCID: PMC7408280 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons that project from the substantia nigra pars compacta. Although the molecular bases for PD development are still little defined, extensive evidence from human samples and animal models support the involvement of inflammation in onset or progression. However, the exact trigger for this response remains unclear. Here, we provide a systematic review of the cellular mediators, i.e., microglia, astroglia and endothelial cells. We also discuss the genetic and transcriptional control of inflammation in PD and the immunomodulatory role of dopamine and reactive oxygen species. Finally, we summarize the preclinical and clinical approaches targeting neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pajares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.); (A.I.R.); (L.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.); (A.I.R.); (L.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gina Manda
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.); (A.I.R.); (L.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERcv), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.); (A.I.R.); (L.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-915854383; Fax: +34-915854401
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Ogbu D, Xia E, Sun J. Gut instincts: vitamin D/vitamin D receptor and microbiome in neurodevelopment disorders. Open Biol 2020; 10:200063. [PMID: 32634371 PMCID: PMC7574554 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome regulates a relationship with the brain known as the gut–microbiota–brain (GMB) axis. This interaction is influenced by immune cells, microbial metabolites and neurotransmitters. Recent findings show gut dysbiosis is prevalent in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as well as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There are previously established negative correlations among vitamin D, vitamin D receptor (VDR) levels and severity of ASD as well as ADHD. Both vitamin D and VDR are known to regulate homeostasis in the brain and the intestinal microbiome. This review summarizes the growing relationship between vitamin D/VDR signalling and the GMB axis in ASD and ADHD. We focus on current publications and summarize the progress of GMB in neurodevelopmental disorders, describe effects and mechanisms of vitamin D/VDR in regulating the microbiome and synoptically highlight the potential applications of targeting vitamin D/VDR signalling in neurodevelopment disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destiny Ogbu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, IL, USA
| | - Eric Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, IL, USA.,Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, IL, USA.,UIC Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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42
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Zizzo MG, Bellanca A, Amato A, Serio R. Opposite effects of dopamine on the mechanical activity of circular and longitudinal muscle of human colon. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13811. [PMID: 32012410 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because dopamine (DA) has gained increasing evidence as modulator of gut motility, we aimed to characterize dopaminergic response in human colon, evaluating function and distribution of dopamine receptors in circular vs longitudinal muscle strips. METHODS Mechanical responses to DA and dopaminergic agonists on slow phasic contractions and on basal tone were examined in vitro as changes in isometric tension. RT-PCR was used to reveal the distribution of dopaminergic receptors. KEY RESULTS In spontaneous active circular muscle, DA induced an increase in the amplitude of slow phasic contractions and of the basal tone, via activation of D1-like receptors. DA contractile responses were insensitive to neural blockers or to atropine and inhibited by phospholipase C (PLC) pathway inhibitors. In precontracted circular muscle strips, DA, at the higher concentrations tested, caused a relaxant response via activation of D2-like receptors. In the longitudinal muscle, DA caused only muscular relaxation due to activation of D2-like receptors. DA relaxant responses were insensitive to neural blockers or to nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and reduced by a wide-spectrum K+ channel blockers. Transcripts encoding for all the dopaminergic receptor subtypes was observed in both circular and longitudinal preparations. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Dopamine is able to modulate contractile activity of the human colon. In the circular muscle layer, DA induces mainly muscular contraction activating non-neural D1-like receptors, coupled to PLC/IP3 pathway. In the longitudinal muscle layer, DA induces muscular relaxation acting on non-neural D2-like receptors leading to the increase in K+ conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Zizzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,ATeN (Advanced Technologies Network) Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bellanca
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Amato
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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43
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Chalazonitis A, Li Z, Pham TD, Chen J, Rao M, Lindholm P, Saarma M, Lindahl M, Gershon MD. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor is essential for enteric neuronal development, maintenance, and regulation of gastrointestinal transit. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2420-2444. [PMID: 32154930 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is expressed in the brain and is neuroprotective. We have previously shown that CDNF is also expressed in the bowel and that its absence leads to degeneration and autophagy in the enteric nervous system (ENS), particularly in the submucosal plexus. We now demonstrate that enteric CDNF immunoreactivity is restricted to neurons (submucosal > myenteric) and is not seen in glia, interstitial cells of Cajal, or smooth muscle. Expression of CDNF, moreover, is essential for the normal development and survival of enteric dopaminergic neurons; thus, expression of the dopaminergic neuronal markers, dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase, and dopamine transporter are deficient in the ileum of Cdnf -/- mice. The normal age-related decline in proportions of submucosal dopaminergic neurons is exacerbated in Cdnf -/- animals. The defect in Cdnf -/- animals is not dopamine-restricted; proportions of other submucosal neurons (NOS-, GABA-, and CGRP-expressing), are also deficient. The deficits in submucosal neurons are reflected functionally in delayed gastric emptying, slowed colonic motility, and prolonged total gastrointestinal transit. CDNF is expressed selectively in isolated enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCDC), which also express the dopamine-related transcription factor Foxa2. Addition of CDNF to ENCDC promotes development of dopaminergic neurons; moreover, survival of these neurons becomes CDNF-dependent after exposure to bone morphogenetic protein 4. The effects of neither glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) nor serotonin are additive with CDNF. We suggest that CDNF plays a critical role in development and long-term maintenance of dopaminergic and other sets of submucosal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alcmène Chalazonitis
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - ZhiShan Li
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Tuan D Pham
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Jason Chen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Päivi Lindholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Lindahl
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael D Gershon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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44
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Angoa-Pérez M, Zagorac B, Winters AD, Greenberg JM, Ahmad M, Theis KR, Kuhn DM. Differential effects of synthetic psychoactive cathinones and amphetamine stimulants on the gut microbiome in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227774. [PMID: 31978078 PMCID: PMC6980639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The list of pharmacological agents that can modify the gut microbiome or be modified by it continues to grow at a high rate. The greatest amount of attention on drug-gut microbiome interactions has been directed primarily at pharmaceuticals used to treat infection, diabetes, cardiovascular conditions and cancer. By comparison, drugs of abuse and addiction, which can powerfully and chronically worsen human health, have received relatively little attention in this regard. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to characterize how selected synthetic psychoactive cathinones (aka “Bath Salts”) and amphetamine stimulants modify the gut microbiome. Mice were treated with mephedrone (40 mg/kg), methcathinone (80 mg/kg), methamphetamine (5 mg/kg) or 4-methyl-methamphetamine (40 mg/kg), following a binge regimen consisting of 4 injections at 2h intervals. These drugs were selected for study because they are structural analogs that contain a β-keto substituent (methcathinone), a 4-methyl group (4-methyl-methamphetamine), both substituents (mephedrone) or neither (methamphetamine). Mice were sacrificed 1, 2 or 7 days after treatment and DNA from caecum contents was subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that all drugs caused significant time- and structure-dependent alterations in the diversity and taxonomic structure of the gut microbiome. The two phyla most changed by drug treatments were Firmicutes (methcathinone, 4-methyl-methamphetamine) and Bacteriodetes (methcathinone, 4-methyl-methamphetamine, methamphetamine, mephedrone). Across time, broad microbiome changes from the phylum to genus levels were characteristic of all drugs. The present results signify that these selected psychoactive drugs, which are thought to exert their primary effects within the CNS, can have profound effects on the gut microbiome. They also suggest new avenues of investigation into the possibility that gut-derived signals could modulate drug abuse and addiction via altered communication along the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Angoa-Pérez
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Branislava Zagorac
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrew D. Winters
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Madison Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kevin R. Theis
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Perinatal Research Initiative in Maternal, Perinatal and Child Health, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Donald M. Kuhn
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Del Colle A, Israelyan N, Gross Margolis K. Novel aspects of enteric serotonergic signaling in health and brain-gut disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G130-G143. [PMID: 31682158 PMCID: PMC6985840 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00173.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) comorbidities are common in individuals with mood and behavioral dysfunction. Similarly, patients with GI problems more commonly suffer from co-morbid psychiatric diagnoses. Although the central and enteric nervous systems (CNS and ENS, respectively) have largely been studied separately, there is emerging interest in factors that may contribute to disease states involving both systems. There is strong evidence to suggest that serotonin may be an important contributor to these brain-gut conditions. Serotonin has long been recognized for its critical functions in CNS development and function. The majority of the body's serotonin, however, is produced in the GI tract, where it plays key roles in ENS development and function. Further understanding of the specific impact that enteric serotonin has on brain-gut disease may lay the foundation for the creation of novel therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the current data focusing on the important roles that serotonin plays in ENS development and motility, with a focus on novel aspects of serotonergic signaling in medical conditions in which CNS and ENS co-morbidities are common, including autism spectrum disorders and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Del Colle
- Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Narek Israelyan
- Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kara Gross Margolis
- Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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Jarras H, Bourque M, Poirier AA, Morissette M, Coulombe K, Di Paolo T, Soulet D. Neuroprotection and immunomodulation of progesterone in the gut of a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12782. [PMID: 31430407 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptoms appear in Parkinson's disease patients many years before motor symptoms, suggesting the implication of dopaminergic neurones of the gut myenteric plexus. Inflammation is also known to be increased in PD. We previously reported neuroprotection with progesterone in the brain of mice lesioned with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and hypothesised that it also has neuroprotective and immunomodulatory activities in the gut. To test this hypothesis, we investigated progesterone administered to adult male C57BL/6 mice for 10 days and treated with MPTP on day 5. In an additional experiment, progesterone was administered for 5 days following MPTP treatment. Ilea were collected on day 10 of treatment and microdissected to isolate the myenteric plexus. Dopaminergic neurones were reduced by approximately 60% and pro-inflammatory macrophages were increased by approximately 50% in MPTP mice compared to intact controls. These changes were completely prevented by progesterone administered before and after MPTP treatment and were normalised by 8 mg kg-1 progesterone administered after MPTP. In the brain of MPTP mice, brain-derived neurotrophic peptide (BDNF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were associated with progesterone neuroprotection. In the myenteric plexus, increased BDNF levels compared to controls were measured in MPTP mice treated with 8 mg kg-1 progesterone started post MPTP, whereas GFAP levels remained unchanged. In conclusion, the results obtained in the present study show neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of progesterone in the myenteric plexus of MPTP mice that are similar to our previous findings in the brain. Progesterone is non-feminising and could be used for both men and women in the pre-symptomatic stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Jarras
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Bourque
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrée-Anne Poirier
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Morissette
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine Coulombe
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec, Canada
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis Soulet
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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47
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Nadeau J, Smith T, Lamontagne-Proulx J, Bourque M, Al Sweidi S, Jayasinghe D, Ritchie S, Di Paolo T, Soulet D. Neuroprotection and immunomodulation in the gut of parkinsonian mice with a plasmalogen precursor. Brain Res 2019; 1725:146460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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48
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Lindahl M, Chalazonitis A, Palm E, Pakarinen E, Danilova T, Pham TD, Setlik W, Rao M, Võikar V, Huotari J, Kopra J, Andressoo JO, Piepponen PT, Airavaara M, Panhelainen A, Gershon MD, Saarma M. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor-deficiency leads to degeneration of enteric neurons and altered brain dopamine neuronal function in mice. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104696. [PMID: 31783118 PMCID: PMC7000201 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is neuroprotective for nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and restores dopaminergic function in animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). To understand the role of CDNF in mammals, we generated CDNF knockout mice (Cdnf−/−), which are viable, fertile, and have a normal life-span. Surprisingly, an age-dependent loss of enteric neurons occurs selectively in the submucosal but not in the myenteric plexus. This neuronal loss is a consequence not of increased apoptosis but of neurodegeneration and autophagy. Quantitatively, the neurodegeneration and autophagy found in the submucosal plexus in duodenum, ileum and colon of the Cdnf−/− mouse are much greater than in those of Cdnf+/+ mice. The selective vulnerability of submucosal neurons to the absence of CDNF is reminiscent of the tendency of pathological abnormalities to occur in the submucosal plexus in biopsies of patients with PD. In contrast, the number of substantia nigra dopamine neurons and dopamine and its metabolite concentrations in the striatum are unaltered in Cdnf−/− mice; however, there is an age-dependent deficit in the function of the dopamine system in Cdnf−/− male mice analyzed. This is observed as D-amphetamine-induced hyperactivity, aberrant dopamine transporter function, and as increased D-amphetamine-induced dopamine release demonstrating that dopaminergic axon terminal function in the striatum of the Cdnf−/− mouse brain is altered. The deficiencies of Cdnf−/− mice, therefore, are reminiscent of those seen in early stages of Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lindahl
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Unit, Viikinkaari 5D, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Erik Palm
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Unit, Viikinkaari 5D, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emmi Pakarinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Unit, Viikinkaari 5D, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatiana Danilova
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Unit, Viikinkaari 5D, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuan D Pham
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, NY, New York, USA
| | - Wanda Setlik
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, NY, New York, USA
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, NY, New York, USA
| | - Vootele Võikar
- Neuroscience Center/Laboratory Animal Center, Mustialankatu 1, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jatta Huotari
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Unit, Viikinkaari 5D, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kopra
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5E, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaan-Olle Andressoo
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Unit, Viikinkaari 5D, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petteri T Piepponen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5E, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Unit, Viikinkaari 5D, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Panhelainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Unit, Viikinkaari 5D, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael D Gershon
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, NY, New York, USA
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Unit, Viikinkaari 5D, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Kurnik-Łucka M, Latacz G, Martyniak A, Bugajski A, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Gil K. Salsolinol-neurotoxic or Neuroprotective? Neurotox Res 2019; 37:286-297. [PMID: 31732870 PMCID: PMC6989573 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Salsolinol (6,7-dihydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline), widely available in many edibles, is considered to alter the function of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system and thus, multiple hypotheses on its either physiological and/or pathophysiological role have emerged. The aim of our work was to revisit its potentially neurotoxic and/or neuroprotective role through a series of both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Salsolinol in the concentration range 10-250 μM did not show any significant release of lactate dehydrogenase from necrotic SH-SY5Y cells and was able in the concentration of 50 and 100 μM to rescue SH-SY5Y cells from death induced by H2O2. Its neuroprotective effect against neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine was also determined. Salsolinol was found to decrease significantly the reactive oxygen species level in SH-SY5Y cells treated by 500 μM H2O2 and the caspase activity induced by 300 μM of H2O2 or 100 μM of 6-hydroxydopamine. Serum levels of TNFα and CRP of salsolinol-treated rats were not significantly different from control animals. Both TNFα and CRP served as indirect markers of neurotoxicity and/or neuroprotection. Although the neurotoxic properties of salsolinol have numerously been emphasized, its neuroprotective properties should not be neglected and need greater consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Adrian Martyniak
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bugajski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
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50
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Marques-Oliveira GH, Silva TM, Valadares HMS, Raposo HF, Carolino RDOG, Garófalo MAR, Anselmo-Franci JA, do Carmo Kettelhut I, de Oliveira HCF, Chaves VE. Identification of Suitable Reference Genes for Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis in Innervated and Denervated Adipose Tissue from Cafeteria Diet-Fed Rats. Lipids 2019; 54:231-244. [PMID: 31025715 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies show that cafeteria diet increases body adiposity, plasma insulin levels, and sympathetic activity to brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) of Wistar rats, leading to rapid and progressive changes in the metabolic profile. The identification of suitable reference genes that are not affected by the experimental conditions is a critical step in accurate normalization of the reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), a commonly used assay to elucidate changes in the gene expression profile. In the present study, the effects of the cafeteria diet and sympathetic innervation on the gene expression of adrenoceptor beta 3 (Adrb3) from BAT and WAT were assessed using one of the most stable and one of the least stable genes as normalizers. Rats were fed the cafeteria diet and on the 17th day, interscapular BAT or retroperitoneal WAT was denervated and, 7 days after surgery, the contralateral innervated tissue was used as control. Ten reference genes were evaluated (18S, B2m, Actb, CypA, Gapdh, Hprt1, Rpl32, Tbp, Ubc, and Ywhaz) and ranked according to their stability using the following algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and comparative delta threshold cycle (ΔC t ) method. According to the algorithms employed, the normalization of Adrb3 expression by the least stable genes produced opposite results compared with the most stable genes and literature data. In cafeteria and control diet-fed rats, the three most stable genes were Hprt1, Tbp, and Rpl32 for interscapular BAT and Tbp, B2m, and Hprt1 for retroperitoneal WAT, while the least stable genes were 18S, Actb, and Gapdh for both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleuber Henrique Marques-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Avenue Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaís Marques Silva
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Avenue Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helder Magno Silva Valadares
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Avenue Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helena Fonseca Raposo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street, 255, 13.083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruither de Oliveira Gomes Carolino
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Dentristy School, University of São Paulo, Avenue of Café s/n, 14.040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Antonieta Rissato Garófalo
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenue of Café s/n, 14.040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janete Aparecida Anselmo-Franci
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Dentristy School, University of São Paulo, Avenue of Café s/n, 14.040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isis do Carmo Kettelhut
- Departments of Biochemistry-Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenueof Café s/n, 14.040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Coutinho Franco de Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street, 255, 13.083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Ernestânia Chaves
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Avenue Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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