1
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Favier M, Martin Garcia E, Icick R, de Almeida C, Jehl J, Desplanque M, Zimmermann J, Henrion A, Mansouri-Guilani N, Mounier C, Ribeiro S, Henderson F, Geoffroy A, Mella S, Poirel O, Bernard V, Fabre V, Li Y, Rosenmund C, Jamain S, Vorspan F, Mourot A, Duriez P, Pinhas L, Maldonado R, Pietrancosta N, Daumas S, El Mestikawy S. The human VGLUT3-pT8I mutation elicits uneven striatal DA signaling, food or drug maladaptive consumption in male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5691. [PMID: 38971801 PMCID: PMC11227582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic striatal interneurons (ChIs) express the vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) which allows them to regulate the striatal network with glutamate and acetylcholine (ACh). In addition, VGLUT3-dependent glutamate increases ACh vesicular stores through vesicular synergy. A missense polymorphism, VGLUT3-p.T8I, was identified in patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) and eating disorders (EDs). A mouse line was generated to understand the neurochemical and behavioral impact of the p.T8I variant. In VGLUT3T8I/T8I male mice, glutamate signaling was unchanged but vesicular synergy and ACh release were blunted. Mutant male mice exhibited a reduced DA release in the dorsomedial striatum but not in the dorsolateral striatum, facilitating habit formation and exacerbating maladaptive use of drug or food. Increasing ACh tone with donepezil reversed the self-starvation phenotype observed in VGLUT3T8I/T8I male mice. Our study suggests that unbalanced dopaminergic transmission in the dorsal striatum could be a common mechanism between SUDs and EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Favier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Elena Martin Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romain Icick
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, DMU Neurosciences, APHP.Nord, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, F-75010, France
- INSERM U1144, "Therapeutic optimization in neuropsychopharmacology", Paris, F-75006, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris, F-75006, France
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Département de Neurosciences, Institut Pasteur, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Camille de Almeida
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Joachim Jehl
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
- Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS UMR 8249, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mazarine Desplanque
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Johannes Zimmermann
- Neurocure NWFZ, Charite Universitaetsmedizin, Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annabelle Henrion
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Nina Mansouri-Guilani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Coline Mounier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Svethna Ribeiro
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Fiona Henderson
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Geoffroy
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Mella
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Odile Poirel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Bernard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Fabre
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Christian Rosenmund
- Neurocure NWFZ, Charite Universitaetsmedizin, Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stéphane Jamain
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Florence Vorspan
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, DMU Neurosciences, APHP.Nord, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, F-75010, France
- INSERM U1144, "Therapeutic optimization in neuropsychopharmacology", Paris, F-75006, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Alexandre Mourot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
- Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS UMR 8249, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Philibert Duriez
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CMME, Hospital Sainte-Anne), Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (INSERM UMR1266), Paris, France
| | - Leora Pinhas
- PHLIP Mental Health and Painless Medicine clinic, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005, Paris, France
- LCBPT, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 8601, CNRS, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Stéphanie Daumas
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France.
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2
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Henderson F, Dumas S, Gangarossa G, Bernard V, Pujol M, Poirel O, Pietrancosta N, El Mestikawy S, Daumas S, Fabre V. Regulation of stress-induced sleep perturbations by dorsal raphe VGLUT3 neurons in male mice. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114411. [PMID: 38944834 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stressors has profound effects on sleep that have been linked to serotonin (5-HT) neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR). However, the DR also comprises glutamatergic neurons expressing vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (DRVGLUT3), leading us to examine their role. Cell-type-specific tracing revealed that DRVGLUT3 neurons project to brain areas regulating arousal and stress. We found that chemogenetic activation of DRVGLUT3 neurons mimics stress-induced sleep perturbations. Furthermore, deleting VGLUT3 in the DR attenuated stress-induced sleep perturbations, especially after social defeat stress. In the DR, VGLUT3 is found in subsets of 5-HT and non-5-HT neurons. We observed that both populations are activated by acute stress, including those projecting to the ventral tegmental area. However, deleting VGLUT3 in 5-HT neurons minimally affected sleep regulation. These findings suggest that VGLUT3 expression in the DR drives stress-induced sleep perturbations, possibly involving non-5-HT DRVGLUT3 neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Henderson
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130 - Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Véronique Bernard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130 - Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marine Pujol
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130 - Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Odile Poirel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130 - Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130 - Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130 - Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005 Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Daumas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130 - Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Véronique Fabre
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130 - Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005 Paris, France.
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Núñez KR, Bronson D, Chang R, Kalluri R. Vestibular afferent neurons develop normally in the absence of quantal/glutamatergic input. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.597464. [PMID: 38915604 PMCID: PMC11195208 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.597464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The vestibular nerve is comprised of neuron sub-groups with diverse functions related to their intrinsic biophysical properties. This diversity is partly due to differences in the types and numbers of low-voltage-gated potassium channels found in the neurons' membranes. Expression for some low-voltage gated ion channels like KCNQ4 is upregulated during early post-natal development; suggesting that ion channel composition and neuronal diversity may be shaped by hair cell activity. This idea is consistent with recent work showing that glutamatergic input from hair cells is necessary for the normal diversification auditory neurons. To test if biophysical diversity is similarly dependent on glutamatergic input in vestibular neurons, we examined the maturation of the vestibular epithelium and ganglion neurons in Vglut3-ko mice whose hair cell synapses lack glutamate. Despite lacking glutamatergic input, the knockout mice showed no notable balance deficits and crossed challenging balance beams with little difficulty. Immunolabeling of the Vglut3-ko vestibular epithelia showed normal development as indicated by an identifiable striolar zone with calyceal terminals labeled by molecular marker calretinin, and normal expression of KCNQ4 by the end of the second post-natal week. We found similar numbers of Type I and Type II hair cells in the knockout and wildtype animals, regardless of epithelial zone. Thus, the presumably quiescent Type II hair cells are not cleared from the epithelium. Patch-clamp recordings showed that biophysical diversity of vestibular ganglion neurons in the Vglut3-ko mice is comparable to that found in wildtype controls, with a similar range firing patterns at both immature and juvenile ages. However, our results suggest a subtle biophysical alteration to the largest ganglion cells (putative somata of central zone afferents); those in the knockout had smaller net conductance and were more excitable than those in the wild type. Thus, unlike in the auditory nerve, glutamatergic signaling is unnecessary for producing biophysical diversity in vestibular ganglion neurons. And yet, because the input signals from vestibular hair cells are complex and not solely reliant on quantal release of glutamate, whether diversity of vestibular ganglion neurons is simply hardwired or regulated by a more complex set of input signals remains to be determined.
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Fazekas CL, Török B, Correia P, Chaves T, Bellardie M, Sipos E, Horváth HR, Gaszner B, Dóra F, Dobolyi Á, Zelena D. The Role of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Type 3 in Social Behavior, with a Focus on the Median Raphe Region. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0332-23.2024. [PMID: 38839305 PMCID: PMC11154661 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0332-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Social behavior is important for our well-being, and its dysfunctions impact several pathological conditions. Although the involvement of glutamate is undeniable, the relevance of vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (VGluT3), a specific vesicular transporter, in the control of social behavior is not sufficiently explored. Since midbrain median raphe region (MRR) is implicated in social behavior and the nucleus contains high amount of VGluT3+ neurons, we compared the behavior of male VGluT3 knock-out (KO) and VGluT3-Cre mice, the latter after chemogenetic MRR-VGluT3 manipulation. Appropriate control groups were included. Behavioral test battery was used for social behavior (sociability, social discrimination, social interaction, resident intruder test) and possible confounding factors (open field, elevated plus maze, Y-maze tests). Neuronal activation was studied by c-Fos immunohistochemistry. Human relevance was confirmed by VGluT3 gene expression in relevant human brainstem areas. VGluT3 KO mice exhibited increased anxiety, social interest, but also aggressive behavior in anxiogenic environment and impaired social memory. For KO animals, social interaction induced lower cell activation in the anterior cingulate, infralimbic cortex, and medial septum. In turn, excitation of MRR-VGluT3+ neurons was anxiolytic. Inhibition increased social interest 24 h later but decreased mobility and social behavior in aggressive context. Chemogenetic activation increased the number of c-Fos+ neurons only in the MRR. We confirmed the increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired memory of VGluT3 KO strain and revealed increased, but inadequate, social behavior. MRR-VGluT3 neurons regulated mobility and social and anxiety-like behavior in a context-dependent manner. The presence of VGluT3 mRNA on corresponding human brain areas suggests clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Lea Fazekas
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Bibiána Török
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
| | - Pedro Correia
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Tiago Chaves
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Manon Bellardie
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
| | - Eszter Sipos
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
| | - Hanga Réka Horváth
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Fanni Dóra
- Human Brain Bank and Microdissection Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Árpád Dobolyi
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
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5
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Lee KKY, Chattopadhyaya B, do Nascimento ASF, Moquin L, Rosa-Neto P, Amilhon B, Di Cristo G. Neonatal hypoxia impairs serotonin release and cognitive functions in adult mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106465. [PMID: 38460800 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Children who experienced moderate perinatal asphyxia (MPA) are at risk of developing long lasting subtle cognitive and behavioral deficits, including learning disabilities and emotional problems. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) regulates cognitive flexibility and emotional behavior. Neurons that release serotonin (5-HT) project to the PFC, and compounds modulating 5-HT activity influence emotion and cognition. Whether 5-HT dysregulations contribute to MPA-induced cognitive problems is unknown. We established a MPA mouse model, which displays recognition and spatial memory impairments and dysfunctional cognitive flexibility. We found that 5-HT expression levels, quantified by immunohistochemistry, and 5-HT release, quantified by in vivo microdialysis in awake mice, are reduced in PFC of adult MPA mice. MPA mice also show impaired body temperature regulation following injection of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT, suggesting the presence of deficits in 5-HT auto-receptor function on raphe neurons. Finally, chronic treatment of adult MPA mice with fluoxetine, an inhibitor of 5-HT reuptake transporter, or the 5-HT1A receptor agonist tandospirone rescues cognitive flexibility and memory impairments. All together, these data demonstrate that the development of 5-HT system function is vulnerable to moderate perinatal asphyxia. 5-HT hypofunction might in turn contribute to long-term cognitive impairment in adulthood, indicating a potential target for pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Ka Yan Lee
- Neurosciences Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Azrieli Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | - Luc Moquin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Canada
| | - Bénédicte Amilhon
- Neurosciences Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Azrieli Research Center, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Graziella Di Cristo
- Neurosciences Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Azrieli Research Center, Montréal, Canada.
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6
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Gullino LS, Fuller C, Dunn P, Collins HM, El Mestikawy S, Sharp T. Evidence for a Role of 5-HT-glutamate Co-releasing Neurons in Acute Stress Mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1185-1196. [PMID: 38377469 PMCID: PMC10958520 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A major subpopulation of midbrain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons expresses the vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) and co-releases 5-HT and glutamate, but the function of this co-release is unclear. Given the strong links between 5-HT and uncontrollable stress, we used a combination of c-Fos immunohistochemistry and conditional gene knockout mice to test the hypothesis that glutamate co-releasing 5-HT neurons are activated by stress and involved in stress coping. Acute, uncontrollable swim stress increased c-Fos immunoreactivity in neurons co-expressing VGLUT3 and the 5-HT marker tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). This effect was localized in the ventral DRN subregion and prevented by the antidepressant fluoxetine. In contrast, a more controllable stressor, acute social defeat, had no effect on c-Fos immunoreactivity in VGLUT3-TPH2 co-expressing neurons in the DRN. To test whether activation of glutamate co-releasing 5-HT neurons was causally linked to stress coping, mice with a specific deletion of VGLUT3 in 5-HT neurons were exposed to acute swim stress. Compared to wildtype controls, the mutant mice showed increased climbing behavior, a measure of active coping. Wildtype mice also showed increased climbing when administered fluoxetine, revealing an interesting parallel between the behavioral effects of genetic loss of VGLUT3 in 5-HT neurons and 5-HT reuptake inhibition. We conclude that 5-HT-glutamate co-releasing neurons are recruited by exposure to uncontrollable stress. Furthermore, natural variation in the balance of 5-HT and glutamate co-released at the 5-HT synapse may impact stress susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Sophie Gullino
- University
Department of Pharmacology, University of
Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| | - Cara Fuller
- University
Department of Pharmacology, University of
Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| | - Poppy Dunn
- University
Department of Pharmacology, University of
Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| | - Helen M. Collins
- University
Department of Pharmacology, University of
Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Douglas
Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H
1R3, Canada
- Sorbonne
Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine –
Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS – IBPS), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Trevor Sharp
- University
Department of Pharmacology, University of
Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
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7
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Wallace ML, Sabatini BL. Synaptic and circuit functions of multitransmitter neurons in the mammalian brain. Neuron 2023; 111:2969-2983. [PMID: 37463580 PMCID: PMC10592565 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in the mammalian brain are not limited to releasing a single neurotransmitter but often release multiple neurotransmitters onto postsynaptic cells. Here, we review recent findings of multitransmitter neurons found throughout the mammalian central nervous system. We highlight recent technological innovations that have made the identification of new multitransmitter neurons and the study of their synaptic properties possible. We also focus on mechanisms and molecular constituents required for neurotransmitter corelease at the axon terminal and synaptic vesicle, as well as some possible functions of multitransmitter neurons in diverse brain circuits. We expect that these approaches will lead to new insights into the mechanism and function of multitransmitter neurons, their role in circuits, and their contribution to normal and pathological brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Wallace
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Ananth MR, Rajebhosale P, Kim R, Talmage DA, Role LW. Basal forebrain cholinergic signalling: development, connectivity and roles in cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:233-251. [PMID: 36823458 PMCID: PMC10439770 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine plays an essential role in fundamental aspects of cognition. Studies that have mapped the activity and functional connectivity of cholinergic neurons have shown that the axons of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons innervate the pallium with far more topographical and functional organization than was historically appreciated. Together with the results of studies using new probes that allow release of acetylcholine to be detected with high spatial and temporal resolution, these findings have implicated cholinergic networks in 'binding' diverse behaviours that contribute to cognition. Here, we review recent findings on the developmental origins, connectivity and function of cholinergic neurons, and explore the participation of cholinergic signalling in the encoding of cognition-related behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala R Ananth
- Section on Circuits, Synapses, and Molecular Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Prithviraj Rajebhosale
- Section on Genetics of Neuronal Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald Kim
- Section on Genetics of Neuronal Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Talmage
- Section on Genetics of Neuronal Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lorna W Role
- Section on Circuits, Synapses, and Molecular Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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9
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de Almeida C, Chabbah N, Eyraud C, Fasano C, Bernard V, Pietrancosta N, Fabre V, El Mestikawy S, Daumas S. Absence of VGLUT3 Expression Leads to Impaired Fear Memory in Mice. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0304-22.2023. [PMID: 36720646 PMCID: PMC9953049 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0304-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear is an emotional mechanism that helps to cope with potential hazards. However, when fear is generalized, it becomes maladaptive and represents a core symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Converging lines of research show that dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission is a cardinal feature of trauma and stress related disorders such as PTSD. However, the involvement of glutamatergic co-transmission in fear is less well understood. Glutamate is accumulated into synaptic vesicles by vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). The atypical subtype, VGLUT3, is responsible for the co-transmission of glutamate with acetylcholine, serotonin, or GABA. To understand the involvement of VGLUT3-dependent co-transmission in aversive memories, we used a Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm in VGLUT3-/- mice. Our results revealed a higher contextual fear memory in these mice, despite a facilitation of extinction. In addition, the absence of VGLUT3 leads to fear generalization, probably because of a pattern separation deficit. Our study suggests that the VGLUT3 network plays a crucial role in regulating emotional memories. Hence, VGLUT3 is a key player in the processing of aversive memories and therefore a potential therapeutic target in stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille de Almeida
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Paris 75005, France
| | - Nida Chabbah
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Paris 75005, France
| | - Camille Eyraud
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Paris 75005, France
| | - Caroline Fasano
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal QC H4H 1R3, Quebec, Canada
| | - Véronique Bernard
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Paris 75005, France
| | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Paris 75005, France
| | - Véronique Fabre
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Paris 75005, France
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Paris 75005, France
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal QC H4H 1R3, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Daumas
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Paris 75005, France
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10
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Dunn GA, Thompson JR, Mitchell AJ, Papadakis S, Selby M, Fair D, Gustafsson HC, Sullivan EL. Perinatal Western-style diet alters serotonergic neurons in the macaque raphe nuclei. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1067479. [PMID: 36704012 PMCID: PMC9872117 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1067479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The neurotransmitter serotonin is a key regulator of neurotransmission, mood, and behavior and is essential in neurodevelopment. Dysfunction in this important neurotransmitter system is connected to behavioral disorders such as depression and anxiety. We have previously shown that the developing serotonin system is sensitive to perinatal exposure to Western-style diet (WSD). Methods To advance our hypothesis that perinatal WSD has a long-term impact on the serotonergic system, we designed a fluorescent immunohistochemistry experiment using antibodies against tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) and vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) to probe protein expression in the raphe subnuclei in 13-month-old Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata; n = 22). VGLUT3 has been shown to be coexpressed in TPH2+ cells in the dorsal raphe (DR) and median raphe nucleus (MnR) of rodent raphe nuclei and may provide information about the projection site of serotonergic fibers into the forebrain. We also sought to improve scientific understanding of the heterogeneity of the serotonin production center for the central nervous system, the midbrain raphe nuclei. Results In this immunohistochemical study, we provide the most detailed characterization of the developing primate raphe to date. We utilize multi-level modeling (MLM) to simultaneously probe the contribution of WSD, offspring sex, and raphe anatomical location, to raphe neuronal measurements. Our molecular and morphological characterization revealed that the 13-month-old macaque DR is remarkably similar to that of adult macaques and humans. We demonstrate that vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3), which rodent studies have recently shown can distinguish raphe populations with distinct projection targets and behavioral functions, likewise contributes to the heterogeneity of the primate raphe. Discussion This study provides evidence that perinatal WSD has a long-term impact on the density of serotonin-producing neurons, potentially limiting serotonin availability throughout the brain. Due to the critical involvement of serotonin in development and behavior, these findings provide important insight into the mechanisms by which maternal nutrition and metabolic state influence offspring behavioral outcomes. Finally, these findings could inform future research focused on designing therapeutic interventions to optimize neural development and decrease a child's risk of developing a mental health disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A. Dunn
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | | | - A J Mitchell
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Samantha Papadakis
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Matthew Selby
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Damien Fair
- Masonic Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hanna C. Gustafsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elinor L. Sullivan
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States,Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States,*Correspondence: Elinor L. Sullivan,
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11
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Chemogenetic activation of VGLUT3-expressing neurons decreases movement. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 935:175298. [PMID: 36198338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) are responsible for the storage of glutamate into secretory vesicles. The VGLUT3 isoform is mainly expressed in neurons that secrete other classical neurotransmitters, including the cholinergic interneurons in the striatum, and VGLUT3-expressing neurons often secrete two distinct neurotransmitters. VGLUT3 is discretely distributed throughout the brain and is found in subpopulations of spinal cord interneurons, in subset of neurons in the dorsal root ganglion, and in Merkel cells. Mice with a global loss of VGLUT3 are hyperactive and the modulation of specific VGLUT3-expressing circuits can lead to changes in movement. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that increased activity of VGLUT3-expressing neurons is associated with decreased movement. Using a mouse line expressing excitatory designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (hM3Dq-DREADD) on VGLUT3-expressing neurons, we showed that activation of hM3Dq signalling acutely decreased locomotor activity. This decreased locomotion was likely not due to circuit changes mediated by glutamate nor acetylcholine released from VGLUT3-expressing neurons, as activation of hM3Dq signalling in mice that do not release glutamate or acetylcholine from VGLUT3-expressing neurons also decreased locomotor activity. This suggests that other neurotransmitters are likely driving this hypoactive phenotype. We used these mouse lines to compare the effects of DREADD agonists in vivo. We observed that clozapine-N-oxide (CNO), clozapine, compound 21 and perlapine show small differences in the speed at which they prompt behavioural responses but the four of them are selective DREADD ligands.
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12
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Ncube D, Tallafuss A, Serafin J, Bruckner J, Farnsworth DR, Miller AC, Eisen JS, Washbourne P. A conserved transcriptional fingerprint of multi-neurotransmitter neurons necessary for social behavior. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:675. [PMID: 36175871 PMCID: PMC9523972 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An essential determinant of a neuron’s functionality is its neurotransmitter phenotype. We previously identified a defined subpopulation of cholinergic neurons required for social orienting behavior in zebrafish. Results We transcriptionally profiled these neurons and discovered that they are capable of synthesizing both acetylcholine and GABA. We also established a constellation of transcription factors and neurotransmitter markers that can be used as a “transcriptomic fingerprint” to recognize a homologous neuronal population in another vertebrate. Conclusion Our results suggest that this transcriptomic fingerprint and the cholinergic-GABAergic neuronal subtype that it defines are evolutionarily conserved. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08879-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denver Ncube
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Alexandra Tallafuss
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Jen Serafin
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Joseph Bruckner
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Dylan R Farnsworth
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Adam C Miller
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Judith S Eisen
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Philip Washbourne
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
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13
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Cristofari P, Desplanque M, Poirel O, Hébert A, Dumas S, Herzog E, Danglot L, Geny D, Gilles JF, Geeverding A, Bolte S, Canette A, Trichet M, Fabre V, Daumas S, Pietrancosta N, El Mestikawy S, Bernard V. Nanoscopic distribution of VAChT and VGLUT3 in striatal cholinergic varicosities suggests colocalization and segregation of the two transporters in synaptic vesicles. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:991732. [PMID: 36176961 PMCID: PMC9513193 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.991732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) use acetylcholine (ACh) and glutamate (Glut) to regulate the striatal network since they express vesicular transporters for ACh (VAChT) and Glut (VGLUT3). However, whether ACh and Glut are released simultaneously and/or independently from cholinergic varicosities is an open question. The answer to that question requires the multichannel detection of vesicular transporters at the level of single synaptic vesicle (SV). Here, we used super-resolution STimulated Emission Depletion microscopy (STED) to characterize and quantify the distribution of VAChT and VGLUT3 in CINs SVs. Nearest-neighbor distances analysis between VAChT and VGLUT3-immunofluorescent spots revealed that 34% of CINs SVs contain both VAChT and VGLUT3. In addition, 40% of SVs expressed only VAChT while 26% of SVs contain only VGLUT3. These results suggest that SVs from CINs have the potential to store simultaneously or independently ACh and/or Glut. Overall, these morphological findings support the notion that CINs varicosities can signal with either ACh or Glut or both with an unexpected level of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cristofari
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Mazarine Desplanque
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Odile Poirel
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Alison Hébert
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
| | | | - Etienne Herzog
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, NeurImag Imaging Facility, Paris, France
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - David Geny
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, NeurImag Imaging Facility, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Gilles
- Imaging Facility of the Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS)—Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Geeverding
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Service de Microscopie Électronique (IBPS-SME), Paris, France
| | - Susanne Bolte
- Imaging Facility of the Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS)—Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Canette
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Service de Microscopie Électronique (IBPS-SME), Paris, France
| | - Michaël Trichet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Service de Microscopie Électronique (IBPS-SME), Paris, France
| | - Véronique Fabre
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Daumas
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 7203—Laboratoire des BioMolécules, Paris, France
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Bernard
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Véronique Bernard,
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14
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Baldassari S, Cervetto C, Amato S, Fruscione F, Balagura G, Pelassa S, Musante I, Iacomino M, Traverso M, Corradi A, Scudieri P, Maura G, Marcoli M, Zara F. Vesicular Glutamate Release from Feeder-FreehiPSC-Derived Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810545. [PMID: 36142455 PMCID: PMC9501332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent one of the main and powerful tools for the in vitro modeling of neurological diseases. Standard hiPSC-based protocols make use of animal-derived feeder systems to better support the neuronal differentiation process. Despite their efficiency, such protocols may not be appropriate to dissect neuronal specific properties or to avoid interspecies contaminations, hindering their future translation into clinical and drug discovery approaches. In this work, we focused on the optimization of a reproducible protocol in feeder-free conditions able to generate functional glutamatergic neurons. This protocol is based on a generation of neuroprecursor cells differentiated into human neurons with the administration in the culture medium of specific neurotrophins in a Geltrex-coated substrate. We confirmed the efficiency of this protocol through molecular analysis (upregulation of neuronal markers and neurotransmitter receptors assessed by gene expression profiling and expression of the neuronal markers at the protein level), morphological analysis, and immunfluorescence detection of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic markers at synaptic boutons. The hiPSC-derived neurons acquired Ca2+-dependent glutamate release properties as a hallmark of neuronal maturation. In conclusion, our study describes a new methodological approach to achieve feeder-free neuronal differentiation from hiPSC and adds a new tool for functional characterization of hiPSC-derived neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Baldassari
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Sarah Amato
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Floriana Fruscione
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Ganna Balagura
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Simone Pelassa
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Musante
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Traverso
- Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Corradi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Scudieri
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Federico Zara
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
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15
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VGLUT3 Ablation Differentially Modulates Glutamate Receptor Densities in Mouse Brain. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0041-22.2022. [PMID: 35443989 PMCID: PMC9087739 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0041-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 3 vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT3) represents a unique modulator of glutamate release from both nonglutamatergic and glutamatergic varicosities within the brain. Despite its limited abundance, VGLUT3 is vital for the regulation of glutamate signaling and, therefore, modulates the activity of various brain microcircuits. However, little is known about how glutamate receptors are regulated by VGLUT3 across different brain regions. Here, we used VGLUT3 constitutive knock-out (VGLUT3-/-) mice and explored how VGLUT3 deletion influences total and cell surface expression of different ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. VGLUT3 deletion upregulated the overall expression of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR5 and mGluR2/3 in the cerebral cortex. In contrast, no change in the total expression of ionotropic NMDAR glutamate receptors were observed in the cerebral cortex of VGLUT3-/- mice. We noted significant reduction in cell surface levels of mGluR5, NMDAR2A, NMDAR2B, as well as reductions in dopaminergic D1 receptors and muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptors in the hippocampus of VGLUT3-/- mice. Furthermore, mGluR2/3 total expression and mGluR5 cell surface levels were elevated in the striatum of VGLUT3-/- mice. Last, AMPAR subunit GluA1 was significantly upregulated throughout cortical, hippocampal, and striatal brain regions of VGLUT3-/- mice. Together, these findings complement and further support the evidence that VGLUT3 dynamically regulates glutamate receptor densities in several brain regions. These results suggest that VGLUT3 may play an intricate role in shaping glutamatergic signaling and plasticity in several brain areas.
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16
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Ying J, Keinath AT, Lavoie R, Vigneault E, El Mestikawy S, Brandon MP. Disruption of the grid cell network in a mouse model of early Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:886. [PMID: 35173173 PMCID: PMC8850598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is marked by an aggressive buildup of amyloid beta (Aβ) proteins, yet the neural circuit operations impacted during the initial stages of Aβ pathogenesis remain elusive. Here, we report a coding impairment of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) grid cell network in the J20 transgenic mouse model of familial AD that over-expresses Aβ throughout the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Grid cells showed reduced spatial periodicity, spatial stability, and synchrony with interneurons and head-direction cells. In contrast, the spatial coding of non-grid cells within the MEC, and place cells within the hippocampus, remained intact. Grid cell deficits emerged at the earliest incidence of Aβ fibril deposition and coincided with impaired spatial memory performance in a path integration task. These results demonstrate that widespread Aβ-mediated damage to the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit results in an early impairment of the entorhinal grid cell network. It remains poorly understood how the onset of Alzheimer’s disease affects spatial cognition. Here, the authors report that spatial coding in grid cells deteriorates over time in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease during the early stages of pathology while place cell and head direction coding remain intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson Ying
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandra T Keinath
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Raphael Lavoie
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erika Vigneault
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark P Brandon
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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17
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Fazekas CL, Szabó A, Török B, Bánrévi K, Correia P, Chaves T, Daumas S, Zelena D. A New Player in the Hippocampus: A Review on VGLUT3+ Neurons and Their Role in the Regulation of Hippocampal Activity and Behaviour. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:790. [PMID: 35054976 PMCID: PMC8775679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory amino acid in the central nervous system. Neurons using glutamate as a neurotransmitter can be characterised by vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). Among the three subtypes, VGLUT3 is unique, co-localising with other "classical" neurotransmitters, such as the inhibitory GABA. Glutamate, manipulated by VGLUT3, can modulate the packaging as well as the release of other neurotransmitters and serve as a retrograde signal through its release from the somata and dendrites. Its contribution to sensory processes (including seeing, hearing, and mechanosensation) is well characterised. However, its involvement in learning and memory can only be assumed based on its prominent hippocampal presence. Although VGLUT3-expressing neurons are detectable in the hippocampus, most of the hippocampal VGLUT3 positivity can be found on nerve terminals, presumably coming from the median raphe. This hippocampal glutamatergic network plays a pivotal role in several important processes (e.g., learning and memory, emotions, epilepsy, cardiovascular regulation). Indirect information from anatomical studies and KO mice strains suggests the contribution of local VGLUT3-positive hippocampal neurons as well as afferentations in these events. However, further studies making use of more specific tools (e.g., Cre-mice, opto- and chemogenetics) are needed to confirm these assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Lea Fazekas
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS) INSERM, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Adrienn Szabó
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bibiána Török
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bánrévi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
| | - Pedro Correia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tiago Chaves
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stéphanie Daumas
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS) INSERM, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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18
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Cerebellin-2 regulates a serotonergic dorsal raphe circuit that controls compulsive behaviors. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7509-7521. [PMID: 34158618 PMCID: PMC8692491 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellin-1 (Cbln1) and cerebellin-2 (Cbln2) are secreted glycoproteins that are expressed in distinct subsets of neurons throughout the brain. Cbln1 and Cbln2 simultaneously bind to presynaptic neurexins and postsynaptic GluD1 and GluD2, thereby forming trans-synaptic adhesion complexes. Genetic associations link cerebellins, neurexins and GluD's to neuropsychiatric disorders involving compulsive behaviors, such as Tourette syndrome, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Extensive evidence implicates dysfunction of serotonergic signaling in these neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we report that constitutive Cbln2 KO mice, but not Cbln1 KO mice, display robust compulsive behaviors, including stereotypic pattern running, marble burying, explosive jumping, and excessive nest building, and exhibit decreased brain serotonin levels. Strikingly, treatment of Cbln2 KO mice with the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan or the serotonin reuptake-inhibitor fluoxetine alleviated compulsive behaviors. Conditional deletion of Cbln2 both from dorsal raphe neurons and from presynaptic neurons synapsing onto dorsal raphe neurons reproduced the compulsive behaviors of Cbln2 KO mice. Finally, injection of recombinant Cbln2 protein into the dorsal raphe of Cbln2 KO mice largely reversed their compulsive behaviors. Taken together, our results show that Cbln2 controls compulsive behaviors by regulating serotonergic circuits in the dorsal raphe.
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19
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Movassaghi CS, Perrotta KA, Yang H, Iyer R, Cheng X, Dagher M, Fillol MA, Andrews AM. Simultaneous serotonin and dopamine monitoring across timescales by rapid pulse voltammetry with partial least squares regression. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6747-6767. [PMID: 34686897 PMCID: PMC8551120 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Many voltammetry methods have been developed to monitor brain extracellular dopamine levels. Fewer approaches have been successful in detecting serotonin in vivo. No voltammetric techniques are currently available to monitor both neurotransmitters simultaneously across timescales, even though they play integrated roles in modulating behavior. We provide proof-of-concept for rapid pulse voltammetry coupled with partial least squares regression (RPV-PLSR), an approach adapted from multi-electrode systems (i.e., electronic tongues) used to identify multiple components in complex environments. We exploited small differences in analyte redox profiles to select pulse steps for RPV waveforms. Using an intentionally designed pulse strategy combined with custom instrumentation and analysis software, we monitored basal and stimulated levels of dopamine and serotonin. In addition to faradaic currents, capacitive currents were important factors in analyte identification arguing against background subtraction. Compared to fast-scan cyclic voltammetry-principal components regression (FSCV-PCR), RPV-PLSR better differentiated and quantified basal and stimulated dopamine and serotonin associated with striatal recording electrode position, optical stimulation frequency, and serotonin reuptake inhibition. The RPV-PLSR approach can be generalized to other electrochemically active neurotransmitters and provides a feedback pipeline for future optimization of multi-analyte, fit-for-purpose waveforms and machine learning approaches to data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Katie A Perrotta
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hongyan Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rahul Iyer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xinyi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Merel Dagher
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Miguel Alcañiz Fillol
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, Universitat Politècnica de València - Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Anne M Andrews
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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20
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Senft RA, Dymecki SM. Neuronal pericellular baskets: neurotransmitter convergence and regulation of network excitability. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:915-924. [PMID: 34565612 PMCID: PMC8551026 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A pericellular basket is a presynaptic configuration of numerous axonal boutons outlining a target neuron soma and its proximal dendrites. Recent studies show neurochemical diversity of pericellular baskets and suggest that neurotransmitter usage together with the dense, soma-proximal boutons may permit strong input effects on different timescales. Here we review the development, distribution, neurochemical phenotypes, and possible functions of pericellular baskets. As an example, we highlight pericellular baskets formed by projections of certain Pet1/Fev neurons of the serotonergic raphe nuclei. We propose that pericellular baskets represent convergence sites of competition or facilitation between neurotransmitter systems on downstream circuitry, especially in limbic brain regions, where pericellular baskets are widespread. Study of these baskets may enhance our understanding of monoamine regulation of memory, social behavior, and brain oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Senft
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Susan M Dymecki
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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21
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Orexin receptors 1 and 2 in serotonergic neurons differentially regulate peripheral glucose metabolism in obesity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5249. [PMID: 34475397 PMCID: PMC8413382 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The wake-active orexin system plays a central role in the dynamic regulation of glucose homeostasis. Here we show orexin receptor type 1 and 2 are predominantly expressed in dorsal raphe nucleus-dorsal and -ventral, respectively. Serotonergic neurons in ventral median raphe nucleus and raphe pallidus selectively express orexin receptor type 1. Inactivation of orexin receptor type 1 in serotonin transporter-expressing cells of mice reduced insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity, mainly by decreasing glucose utilization in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Selective inactivation of orexin receptor type 2 improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese mice, mainly through a decrease in hepatic gluconeogenesis. Optogenetic activation of orexin neurons in lateral hypothalamus or orexinergic fibers innervating raphe pallidus impaired or improved glucose tolerance, respectively. Collectively, the present study assigns orexin signaling in serotonergic neurons critical, yet differential orexin receptor type 1- and 2-dependent functions in the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis. The wake-active orexin system plays a central role in the dynamic regulation of glucose homeostasis. Here the authors report that inactivation of the orexin receptor type 1 or 2 in serotonergic neurons differentially regulate systemic glucose homeostasis in the context of diet induced obesity.
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22
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Courtiol E, Menezes EC, Teixeira CM. Serotonergic regulation of the dopaminergic system: Implications for reward-related functions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:282-293. [PMID: 34139249 PMCID: PMC8335358 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin is a critical neuromodulator involved in development and behavior. Its role in reward is however still debated. Here, we first review classical studies involving electrical stimulation protocols and pharmacological approaches. Contradictory results on the serotonergic' involvement in reward emerge from these studies. These differences might be ascribable to either the diversity of cellular types within the raphe nuclei or/and the specific projection pathways of serotonergic neurons. We continue to review more recent work, using optogenetic approaches to activate serotonergic cells in the Raphe to VTA pathway. From these studies, it appears that activation of this pathway can lead to reinforcement learning mediated through the excitation of dopaminergic neurons by serotonergic neurons co-transmitting glutamate. Finally, given the importance of serotonin during development on adult emotion, the effect of abnormal early-life levels of serotonin on the dopaminergic system will also be discussed. Understanding the interaction between the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems during development and adulthood is critical to gain insight into the specific facets of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Courtiol
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, UMR 5292- INSERM U1028- Université Lyon 1, 69675 Bron Cedex, France
| | - Edenia C Menezes
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States
| | - Catia M Teixeira
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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23
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Cunha C, Smiley JF, Chuhma N, Shah R, Bleiwas C, Menezes EC, Seal RP, Edwards RH, Rayport S, Ansorge MS, Castellanos FX, Teixeira CM. Perinatal interference with the serotonergic system affects VTA function in the adult via glutamate co-transmission. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4795-4812. [PMID: 32398719 PMCID: PMC7657958 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin and dopamine are associated with multiple psychiatric disorders. How they interact during development to affect subsequent behavior remains unknown. Knockout of the serotonin transporter or postnatal blockade with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) leads to novelty-induced exploration deficits in adulthood, potentially involving the dopamine system. Here, we show in the mouse that raphe nucleus serotonin neurons activate ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons via glutamate co-transmission and that this co-transmission is reduced in animals exposed postnatally to SSRIs. Blocking serotonin neuron glutamate co-transmission mimics this SSRI-induced hypolocomotion, while optogenetic activation of dopamine neurons reverses this hypolocomotor phenotype. Our data demonstrate that serotonin neurons modulate dopamine neuron activity via glutamate co-transmission and that this pathway is developmentally malleable, with high serotonin levels during early life reducing co-transmission, revealing the basis for the reduced novelty-induced exploration in adulthood due to postnatal SSRI exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Cunha
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - John F Smiley
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Nao Chuhma
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Relish Shah
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Cynthia Bleiwas
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Edenia C Menezes
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Rebecca P Seal
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Robert H Edwards
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mark S Ansorge
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Francisco X Castellanos
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Catia M Teixeira
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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24
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Beecher K, Wang J, Jacques A, Chaaya N, Chehrehasa F, Belmer A, Bartlett SE. Sucrose Consumption Alters Serotonin/Glutamate Co-localisation Within the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus of Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:678267. [PMID: 34262435 PMCID: PMC8273284 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.678267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The overconsumption of sugar-sweetened food and beverages underpins the current rise in obesity rates. Sugar overconsumption induces maladaptive neuroplasticity to decrease dietary control. Although serotonin and glutamate co-localisation has been implicated in reward processing, it is still unknown how chronic sucrose consumption changes this transmission in regions associated with executive control over feeding—such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. To address this, a total of 16 C57Bl6 mice received either 5% w/v sucrose or water as a control for 12 weeks using the Drinking-In-The-Dark paradigm (n = 8 mice per group). We then examined the effects of chronic sucrose consumption on the immunological distribution of serotonin (5-HT), vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) and 5-HT+/VGLUT3+ co-localised axonal varicosities. Sucrose consumption over 12 weeks decreased the number of 5-HT–/VGLUT3+ and 5-HT+/VGLUT3+ varicosities within the PFC and DG. The number of 5-HT+/VGLUT3– varicosities remained unchanged within the PFC but decreased in the DG following sucrose consumption. Given that serotonin mediates DG neurogenesis through microglial migration, the number of microglia within the DG was also assessed in both experimental groups. Sucrose consumption decreased the number of DG microglia. Although the DG and PFC are associated with executive control over rewarding activities and emotional memory formation, we did not detect a subsequent change in DG neurogenesis or anxiety-like behaviour or depressive-like behaviour. Overall, these findings suggest that the chronic consumption of sugar alters serotonergic neuroplasticity within neural circuits responsible for feeding control. Although these alterations alone were not sufficient to induce changes in neurogenesis or behaviour, it is proposed that the sucrose consumption may predispose individuals to these cognitive deficits which ultimately promote further sugar intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Beecher
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, Faculty of Health, School of Clinical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joshua Wang
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, Faculty of Health, School of Clinical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Angela Jacques
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, Faculty of Health, School of Clinical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Chaaya
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, Faculty of Health, School of Clinical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Chehrehasa
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arnauld Belmer
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, Faculty of Health, School of Clinical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Selena E Bartlett
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, Faculty of Health, School of Clinical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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25
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Eskenazi D, Malave L, Mingote S, Yetnikoff L, Ztaou S, Velicu V, Rayport S, Chuhma N. Dopamine Neurons That Cotransmit Glutamate, From Synapses to Circuits to Behavior. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:665386. [PMID: 34093138 PMCID: PMC8170480 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.665386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovered just over 20 years ago, dopamine neurons have the ability to cotransmit both dopamine and glutamate. Yet, the functional roles of dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission and their implications for therapeutic use are just emerging. This review article encompasses the current body of evidence investigating the functions of dopamine neurons of the ventral midbrain that cotransmit glutamate. Since its discovery in dopamine neuron cultures, further work in vivo confirmed dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission across species. From there, growing interest has led to research related to neural functioning including roles in synaptic signaling, development, and behavior. Functional connectome mapping reveals robust connections in multiple forebrain regions to various cell types, most notably to cholinergic interneurons in both the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens and the lateral dorsal striatum. Glutamate markers in dopamine neurons reach peak levels during embryonic development and increase in response to various toxins, suggesting dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission may serve neuroprotective roles. Findings from behavioral analyses reveal prominent roles for dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission in responses to psychostimulants, in positive valence and cognitive systems and for subtle roles in negative valence systems. Insight into dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission informs the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as addiction, schizophrenia and Parkinson Disease, with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eskenazi
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lauren Malave
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Susana Mingote
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leora Yetnikoff
- Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, United States
- CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Samira Ztaou
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vlad Velicu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nao Chuhma
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
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26
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Estrela FN, Guimarães ATB, Araújo APDC, Silva FG, Luz TMD, Silva AM, Pereira PS, Malafaia G. Toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics and zinc oxide to mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129476. [PMID: 33434826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) and polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NaPs) has been tested in different animal models; however, knowledge about their impact on mice remains incipient. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effects of these nanomaterials on Swiss mice after their individual exposure to a binary combination of them. The goal was to investigate whether short exposure (three days) to an environmentally relevant dose (14.6 ng/kg, i.p.) of these pollutants would have neurotoxic, biochemical and genotoxic effects on the modelss. Data in the current study have shown that the individual exposure of these animals has led to cognitive impairment based on the object recognition test, although the exposure experiment did not cause locomotor and anxiogenic or anxiolitic-like behavioral changes in them. This outcome was associated with increased nitric oxide levels, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, reduction in acetylcholinesterase activity and with the accumulation of nanomaterials in their brains. Results recorded for the assessed parameters did not differ between the control group and the groups exposed to the binary combination of pollutants. However, both the individual and the combined exposures caused erythrocyte DNA damages associated with hypercholesterolemic and hypertriglyceridemic conditions due to the presence of nanomaterials. Based on the results, the toxicological potential of ZnO NPs and PS NaPs in the models was confirmed and it encouraged further in-depth investigations about factors explaining the lack of additive or synergistic effect caused by the combined exposure to the assessed pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Neves Estrela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Abraão Tiago Batista Guimarães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano Guimarães Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Thiarlen Marinho da Luz
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, Urutaí, Brazil
| | - Abner Marcelino Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, Urutaí, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, Urutaí, Brazil.
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27
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Fleming SA, Hauser J, Yan J, Donovan SM, Wang M, Dilger RN. A Mediation Analysis to Identify Links between Gut Bacteria and Memory in Context of Human Milk Oligosaccharides. Microorganisms 2021; 9:846. [PMID: 33920826 PMCID: PMC8071191 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating relationships between the gut and brain is of intense research focus. Multiple studies have demonstrated that modulation of the intestinal environment via prebiotics or probiotics can induce cognitively beneficial effects, such as improved memory or reduced anxiety. However, the mechanisms by which either act remain largely unknown. We previously demonstrated that different types of oligosaccharides affected short- and long-term memory in distinct ways. Given that the oligosaccharide content of human milk is highly variable, and that formula-fed infants typically do not consume similar amounts or types of oligosaccharides, their potential effects on brain development warrant investigation. Herein, a mediation analysis was performed on existing datasets, including relative abundance of bacterial genera, gene expression, brain volume, and cognition in young pigs. Analyses revealed that numerous bacterial genera in both the colon and feces were related to short- and/or long-term memory. Relationships between genera and memory appeared to differ between diets. Mediating variables frequently included GABAergic and glutamatergic hippocampal gene expression. Other mediating variables included genes related to myelination, transcription factors, brain volume, and exploratory behavior. Overall, this analysis identified multiple pathways between the gut and brain, with a focus on genes related to excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Hauser
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Jian Yan
- Nestlé Product Technology Center Nutrition, CH-1800 Vevey, Switzerland;
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (S.M.D.); (M.W.)
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (S.M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Ryan N. Dilger
- Traverse Science, Inc., Champaign, IL 61820, USA;
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Piglet Nutrition and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Leveraging VGLUT3 Functions to Untangle Brain Dysfunctions. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:475-490. [PMID: 33775453 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) were long thought to be specific markers of glutamatergic excitatory transmission. The discovery, two decades ago, of the atypical VGLUT3 has thoroughly modified this oversimplified view. VGLUT3 is strategically expressed in discrete populations of glutamatergic, cholinergic, serotonergic, and even GABAergic neurons. Recent reports show the subtle, but critical, implications of VGLUT3-dependent glutamate co-transmission and its roles in the regulation of diverse brain functions and dysfunctions. Progress in the neuropharmacology of VGLUT3 could lead to decisive breakthroughs in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), addiction, eating disorders, anxiety, presbycusis, or pain. This review summarizes recent findings on VGLUT3 and its vesicular underpinnings as well as on possible ways to target this atypical transporter for future therapeutic strategies.
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29
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De Deurwaerdère P, Chagraoui A, Di Giovanni G. Serotonin/dopamine interaction: Electrophysiological and neurochemical evidence. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:161-264. [PMID: 33785130 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) in the central nervous system (CNS) plays an important role in the adaptive properties of living animals to their environment. These are two modulatory, divergent systems shaping and regulating in a widespread manner the activity of neurobiological networks and their interaction. The concept of one interaction linking these two systems is rather elusive when looking at the mechanisms triggered by these two systems across the CNS. The great variety of their interacting mechanisms is in part due to the diversity of their neuronal origin, the density of their fibers in a given CNS region, the distinct expression of their numerous receptors in the CNS, the heterogeneity of their intracellular signaling pathway that depend on the cellular type expressing their receptors, and the state of activity of neurobiological networks, conditioning the outcome of their mutual influences. Thus, originally conceptualized as inhibition of 5-HT on DA neuron activity and DA neurotransmission, this interaction is nowadays considered as a multifaceted, mutual influence of these two systems in the regulation of CNS functions. These new ways of understanding this interaction are of utmost importance to envision the consequences of their dysfunctions underlined in several CNS diseases. It is also essential to conceive the mechanism of action of psychotropic drugs directly acting on their function including antipsychotic, antidepressant, antiparkinsonian, and drug of abuse together with the development of therapeutic strategies of Alzheimer's diseases, epilepsy, obsessional compulsive disorders. The 5-HT/DA interaction has a long history from the serendipitous discovery of antidepressants and antipsychotics to the future, rationalized treatments of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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30
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Bankoti K, Generotti C, Hwa T, Wang L, O'Malley BW, Li D. Advances and challenges in adeno-associated viral inner-ear gene therapy for sensorineural hearing loss. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 21:209-236. [PMID: 33850952 PMCID: PMC8010215 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is growing attention and effort focused on treating the root cause of sensorineural hearing loss rather than managing associated secondary characteristic features. With recent substantial advances in understanding sensorineural hearing-loss mechanisms, gene delivery has emerged as a promising strategy for the biological treatment of hearing loss associated with genetic dysfunction. There are several successful and promising proof-of-principle examples of transgene deliveries in animal models; however, there remains substantial further progress to be made in these avenues before realizing their clinical application in humans. Herein, we review different aspects of development, ongoing preclinical studies, and challenges to the clinical transition of transgene delivery of the inner ear toward the restoration of lost auditory and vestibular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamakshi Bankoti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charles Generotti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tiffany Hwa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Medicine, Gene Therapy Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daqing Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Neurochemically and Hodologically Distinct Ascending VGLUT3 versus Serotonin Subsystems Comprise the r2- Pet1 Median Raphe. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2581-2600. [PMID: 33547164 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1667-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brainstem median raphe (MR) neurons expressing the serotonergic regulator gene Pet1 send collateralized projections to forebrain regions to modulate affective, memory-related, and circadian behaviors. Some Pet1 neurons express a surprisingly incomplete battery of serotonin pathway genes, with somata lacking transcripts for tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) encoding the rate-limiting enzyme for serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] synthesis, but abundant for vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (Vglut3) encoding a synaptic vesicle-associated glutamate transporter. Genetic fate maps show these nonclassical, putatively glutamatergic Pet1 neurons in the MR arise embryonically from the same progenitor cell compartment-hindbrain rhombomere 2 (r2)-as serotonergic TPH2+ MR Pet1 neurons. Well established is the distribution of efferents en masse from r2-derived, Pet1-neurons; unknown is the relationship between these efferent targets and the specific constituent source-neuron subgroups identified as r2-Pet1Tph2 -high versus r2-Pet1Vglut3 -high Using male and female mice, we found r2-Pet1 axonal boutons segregated anatomically largely by serotonin+ versus VGLUT3+ identity. The former present in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, and olfactory bulb; the latter are found in the hippocampus, cortex, and septum. Thus r2-Pet1Tph2- high and r2-Pet1Vglut3- high neurons likely regulate distinct brain regions and behaviors. Some r2-Pet1 boutons encased interneuron somata, forming specialized presynaptic "baskets" of VGLUT3+ or VGLUT3+/5-HT+ identity; this suggests that some r2-Pet1Vglut3- high neurons may regulate local networks, perhaps with differential kinetics via glutamate versus serotonin signaling. Fibers from other Pet1 neurons (non-r2-derived) were observed in many of these same baskets, suggesting multifaceted regulation. Collectively, these findings inform brain organization and new circuit nodes for therapeutic considerations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our findings match axonal bouton neurochemical identity with distant cell bodies in the brainstem raphe. The results are significant because they suggest that disparate neuronal subsystems derive from Pet1 + precursor cells of the embryonic progenitor compartment rhombomere 2 (r2). Of these r2-Pet1 neuronal subsystems, one appears largely serotonergic, as expected given expression of the serotonergic regulator PET1, and projects to the olfactory bulb, thalamus, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Another expresses VGLUT3, suggesting principally glutamate transmission, and projects to the hippocampus, septum, and cortex. Some r2-Pet1 boutons-those that are VGLUT3+ or VGLUT3+/5-HT+ co-positive-comprise "baskets" encasing interneurons, suggesting that they control local networks perhaps with differential kinetics via glutamate versus serotonin signaling. Results inform brain organization and circuit nodes for therapeutic consideration.
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Serotonergic control of the glutamatergic neurons of the subthalamic nucleus. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:423-462. [PMID: 33785138 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) houses a dense cluster of glutamatergic neurons that play a central role in the functional dynamics of the basal ganglia, a group of subcortical structures involved in the control of motor behaviors. Numerous anatomical, electrophysiological, neurochemical and behavioral studies have reported that serotonergic neurons from the midbrain raphe nuclei modulate the activity of STN neurons. Here, we describe this serotonergic innervation and the nature of the regulation exerted by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) on STN neuron activity. This regulation can occur either directly within the STN or at distal sites, including other structures of the basal ganglia or cortex. The effect of 5-HT on STN neuronal activity involves several 5-HT receptor subtypes, including 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2C and 5-HT4 receptors, which have garnered the highest attention on this topic. The multiple regulatory effects exerted by 5-HT are thought to be modified under pathological conditions, altering the activity of the STN, or due to the benefits and side effects of treatments used for Parkinson's disease, notably the dopamine precursor l-DOPA and high-frequency STN stimulation. Originally understood as a motor center, the STN is also associated with decision making and participates in mood regulation and cognitive performance, two domains of personality that are also regulated by 5-HT. The literature concerning the link between 5-HT and STN is already important, and the functional overlap is evident, but this link is still not entirely understood. The understanding of this link between 5-HT and STN should be increased due to the possible importance of this regulation in the control of fronto-STN loops and inherent motor and non-motor behaviors.
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33
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Vahid-Ansari F, Albert PR. Rewiring of the Serotonin System in Major Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:802581. [PMID: 34975594 PMCID: PMC8716791 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.802581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is a key neurotransmitter that is implicated in a wide variety of behavioral and cognitive phenotypes. Originating in the raphe nuclei, 5-HT neurons project widely to innervate many brain regions implicated in the functions. During the development of the brain, as serotonin axons project and innervate brain regions, there is evidence that 5-HT plays key roles in wiring the developing brain, both by modulating 5-HT innervation and by influencing synaptic organization within corticolimbic structures. These actions are mediated by 14 different 5-HT receptors, with region- and cell-specific patterns of expression. More recently, the role of the 5-HT system in synaptic re-organization during adulthood has been suggested. The 5-HT neurons have the unusual capacity to regrow and reinnervate brain regions following insults such as brain injury, chronic stress, or altered development that result in disconnection of the 5-HT system and often cause depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Chronic treatment with antidepressants that amplify 5-HT action, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), appears to accelerate the rewiring of the 5-HT system by mechanisms that may be critical to the behavioral and cognitive improvements induced in these models. In this review, we survey the possible 5-HT receptor mechanisms that could mediate 5-HT rewiring and assess the evidence that 5-HT-mediated brain rewiring is impacting recovery from mental illness. By amplifying 5-HT-induced rewiring processes using SSRIs and selective 5-HT agonists, more rapid and effective treatments for injury-induced mental illness or cognitive impairment may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Vahid-Ansari
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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34
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Bhat S, El-Kasaby A, Freissmuth M, Sucic S. Functional and Biochemical Consequences of Disease Variants in Neurotransmitter Transporters: A Special Emphasis on Folding and Trafficking Deficits. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107785. [PMID: 33310157 PMCID: PMC7612411 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters, such as γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, acetyl choline, glycine and the monoamines, facilitate the crosstalk within the central nervous system. The designated neurotransmitter transporters (NTTs) both release and take up neurotransmitters to and from the synaptic cleft. NTT dysfunction can lead to severe pathophysiological consequences, e.g. epilepsy, intellectual disability, or Parkinson’s disease. Genetic point mutations in NTTs have recently been associated with the onset of various neurological disorders. Some of these mutations trigger folding defects in the NTT proteins. Correct folding is a prerequisite for the export of NTTs from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the subsequent trafficking to their pertinent site of action, typically at the plasma membrane. Recent studies have uncovered some of the key features in the molecular machinery responsible for transporter protein folding, e.g., the role of heat shock proteins in fine-tuning the ER quality control mechanisms in cells. The therapeutic significance of understanding these events is apparent from the rising number of reports, which directly link different pathological conditions to NTT misfolding. For instance, folding-deficient variants of the human transporters for dopamine or GABA lead to infantile parkinsonism/dystonia and epilepsy, respectively. From a therapeutic point of view, some folding-deficient NTTs are amenable to functional rescue by small molecules, known as chemical and pharmacological chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Bhat
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali El-Kasaby
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Sucic
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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35
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Dorsal raphe organization. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 110:101868. [PMID: 33031916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A recent cluster of reports have considerably deepened our understanding of the transcriptional diversity of serotonin neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR). In this commentary a subset of implications from these studies is highlighted such as: serotonin neurons in the lateral wings have a newly discovered close relationship with those in rostral and dorsal locations and that cre-lines may be just as likely to cut across several transcriptional subtypes as to define a single subtype. To evolve understanding of DR organization, it may be prudent to correlate transcriptional snapshots in time with other known features of DR neurons. Here we bring together new and old information on serotonin neuron diversity with the goal of developing increasingly useful schemes of DR organization.
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36
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Buck SA, Torregrossa MM, Logan RW, Freyberg Z. Roles of dopamine and glutamate co-release in the nucleus accumbens in mediating the actions of drugs of abuse. FEBS J 2020; 288:1462-1474. [PMID: 32702182 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Projections of ventral tegmental area dopamine (DA) neurons to the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens have been increasingly implicated as integral to the behavioral and physiological changes involved in the development of substance use disorders (SUDs). Recently, many of these nucleus accumbens-projecting DA neurons were found to also release the neurotransmitter glutamate. This glutamate co-release from DA neurons is critical in mediating the effect of drugs of abuse on addiction-related behaviors. Potential mechanisms underlying the role(s) of dopamine/glutamate co-release in contributing to SUDs are unclear. Nevertheless, an important clue may relate to glutamate's ability to potentiate loading of DA into synaptic vesicles within terminals in the nucleus accumbens in response to drug-induced elevations in neuronal activity, enabling a more robust release of DA after stimulation. Here, we summarize how drugs of abuse, particularly cocaine, opioids, and alcohol, alter DA release in the nucleus accumbens medial shell, examine the potential role of DA/glutamate co-release in mediating these effects, and discuss future directions for further investigating these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas A Buck
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary M Torregrossa
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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37
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Okaty BW, Sturrock N, Escobedo Lozoya Y, Chang Y, Senft RA, Lyon KA, Alekseyenko OV, Dymecki SM. A single-cell transcriptomic and anatomic atlas of mouse dorsal raphe Pet1 neurons. eLife 2020; 9:e55523. [PMID: 32568072 PMCID: PMC7308082 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the brainstem raphe nuclei, the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) contains the greatest number of Pet1-lineage neurons, a predominantly serotonergic group distributed throughout DR subdomains. These neurons collectively regulate diverse physiology and behavior and are often therapeutically targeted to treat affective disorders. Characterizing Pet1 neuron molecular heterogeneity and relating it to anatomy is vital for understanding DR functional organization, with potential to inform therapeutic separability. Here we use high-throughput and DR subdomain-targeted single-cell transcriptomics and intersectional genetic tools to map molecular and anatomical diversity of DR-Pet1 neurons. We describe up to fourteen neuron subtypes, many showing biased cell body distributions across the DR. We further show that P2ry1-Pet1 DR neurons - the most molecularly distinct subtype - possess unique efferent projections and electrophysiological properties. These data complement and extend previous DR characterizations, combining intersectional genetics with multiple transcriptomic modalities to achieve fine-scale molecular and anatomic identification of Pet1 neuron subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Okaty
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Nikita Sturrock
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - YoonJeung Chang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Rebecca A Senft
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Krissy A Lyon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Susan M Dymecki
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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38
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Pietrancosta N, Djibo M, Daumas S, El Mestikawy S, Erickson JD. Molecular, Structural, Functional, and Pharmacological Sites for Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Regulation. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3118-3142. [PMID: 32474835 PMCID: PMC7261050 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) control quantal size of glutamatergic transmission and have been the center of numerous studies over the past two decades. VGLUTs contain two independent transport modes that facilitate glutamate packaging into synaptic vesicles and phosphate (Pi) ion transport into the synaptic terminal. While a transmembrane proton electrical gradient established by a vacuolar-type ATPase powers vesicular glutamate transport, recent studies indicate that binding sites and flux properties for chloride, potassium, and protons within VGLUTs themselves regulate VGLUT activity as well. These intrinsic ionic binding and flux properties of VGLUTs can therefore be modulated by neurophysiological conditions to affect levels of glutamate available for release from synapses. Despite their extraordinary importance, specific and high-affinity pharmacological compounds that interact with these sites and regulate VGLUT function, distinguish between the various modes of transport, and the different isoforms themselves, are lacking. In this review, we provide an overview of the physiologic sites for VGLUT regulation that could modulate glutamate release in an over-active synapse or in a disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. .,Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS, LBM, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Mahamadou Djibo
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, LCBPT, UMR 8601, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Daumas
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. .,Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 boulevard Lasalle, Verdun, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey D Erickson
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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39
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Abstract
Neurons that synthesize and release 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) express a core set of genes that establish and maintain this neurotransmitter phenotype and distinguish these neurons from other brain cells. Beyond a shared 5-HTergic phenotype, these neurons display divergent cellular properties in relation to anatomy, morphology, hodology, electrophysiology and gene expression, including differential expression of molecules supporting co-transmission of additional neurotransmitters. This diversity suggests that functionally heterogeneous subtypes of 5-HT neurons exist, but linking subsets of these neurons to particular functions has been technically challenging. We discuss recent data from molecular genetic, genomic and functional methods that, when coupled with classical findings, yield a reframing of the 5-HT neuronal system as a conglomeration of diverse subsystems with potential to inspire novel, more targeted therapies for clinically distinct 5-HT-related disorders.
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40
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Pelkey KA, Calvigioni D, Fang C, Vargish G, Ekins T, Auville K, Wester JC, Lai M, Mackenzie-Gray Scott C, Yuan X, Hunt S, Abebe D, Xu Q, Dimidschstein J, Fishell G, Chittajallu R, McBain CJ. Paradoxical network excitation by glutamate release from VGluT3 + GABAergic interneurons. eLife 2020; 9:e51996. [PMID: 32053107 PMCID: PMC7039679 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In violation of Dale's principle several neuronal subtypes utilize more than one classical neurotransmitter. Molecular identification of vesicular glutamate transporter three and cholecystokinin expressing cortical interneurons (CCK+VGluT3+INTs) has prompted speculation of GABA/glutamate corelease from these cells for almost two decades despite a lack of direct evidence. We unequivocally demonstrate CCK+VGluT3+INT-mediated GABA/glutamate cotransmission onto principal cells in adult mice using paired recording and optogenetic approaches. Although under normal conditions, GABAergic inhibition dominates CCK+VGluT3+INT signaling, glutamatergic signaling becomes predominant when glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) function is compromised. CCK+VGluT3+INTs exhibit surprising anatomical diversity comprising subsets of all known dendrite targeting CCK+ interneurons in addition to the expected basket cells, and their extensive circuit innervation profoundly dampens circuit excitability under normal conditions. However, in contexts where the glutamatergic phenotype of CCK+VGluT3+INTs is amplified, they promote paradoxical network hyperexcitability which may be relevant to disorders involving GAD dysfunction such as schizophrenia or vitamin B6 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Pelkey
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Daniela Calvigioni
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Calvin Fang
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Geoffrey Vargish
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Tyler Ekins
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Kurt Auville
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jason C Wester
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Mandy Lai
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Connie Mackenzie-Gray Scott
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Steven Hunt
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Daniel Abebe
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Qing Xu
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, NYUAbu-DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Jordane Dimidschstein
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Gordon Fishell
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Ramesh Chittajallu
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Chris J McBain
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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Sherer LM, Catudio Garrett E, Morgan HR, Brewer ED, Sirrs LA, Shearin HK, Williams JL, McCabe BD, Stowers RS, Certel SJ. Octopamine neuron dependent aggression requires dVGLUT from dual-transmitting neurons. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008609. [PMID: 32097408 PMCID: PMC7059954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulators such as monoamines are often expressed in neurons that also release at least one fast-acting neurotransmitter. The release of a combination of transmitters provides both "classical" and "modulatory" signals that could produce diverse and/or complementary effects in associated circuits. Here, we establish that the majority of Drosophila octopamine (OA) neurons are also glutamatergic and identify the individual contributions of each neurotransmitter on sex-specific behaviors. Males without OA display low levels of aggression and high levels of inter-male courtship. Males deficient for dVGLUT solely in OA-glutamate neurons (OGNs) also exhibit a reduction in aggression, but without a concurrent increase in inter-male courtship. Within OGNs, a portion of VMAT and dVGLUT puncta differ in localization suggesting spatial differences in OA signaling. Our findings establish a previously undetermined role for dVGLUT in OA neurons and suggests that glutamate uncouples aggression from OA-dependent courtship-related behavior. These results indicate that dual neurotransmission can increase the efficacy of individual neurotransmitters while maintaining unique functions within a multi-functional social behavior neuronal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis M. Sherer
- Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology Graduate Program, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Catudio Garrett
- Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology Graduate Program, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Hannah R. Morgan
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Edmond D. Brewer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Lucy A. Sirrs
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Harold K. Shearin
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Williams
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Brian D. McCabe
- Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R. Steven Stowers
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Certel
- Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology Graduate Program, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
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PSA-NCAM Colocalized with Cholecystokinin-Expressing Cells in the Hippocampus Is Involved in Mediating Antidepressant Efficacy. J Neurosci 2019; 40:825-842. [PMID: 31801810 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1779-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular glycan polysialic acid linked to neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is principally expressed in the developing brain and the adult neurogenic regions. Although colocalization of PSA-NCAM with cholecystokinin (CCK) was found in the adult brain, the role of PSA-NCAM remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the functional significance of PSA-NCAM in the CA1 region of the male mouse hippocampus. Combined fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed that few vesicular glutamate transporter 3-negative/CCK-positive (VGluT3-/CCK+) cells were colocalized with PSA-NCAM, but most of the VGluT3+/CCK+ cells were colocalized with PSA-NCAM. The somata of PSA-NCAM+/CCK+ cells were highly innervated by serotonergic boutons than those of PSA-NCAM-/CCK+ cells. The expression ratios of 5-HT3A receptors and p11, a serotonin receptor-interacting protein, were higher in PSA-NCAM+/CCK+ cells than in PSA-NCAM-/CCK+ cells. Pharmacological digestion of PSA-NCAM impaired the efficacy of antidepressant fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, but not the efficacy of benzodiazepine anxiolytic diazepam. A Western blot showed that restraint stress decreased the expressions of p11 and mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and FLX increased them. Interestingly, the FLX-induced elevation of expression of p11, but not mature BDNF, was impaired by the digestion of PSA-NCAM. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that restraint stress reduced the expression of polysialyltransferase ST8Sia IV and FLX elevated it. Collectively, PSA-NCAM colocalized with VGluT3+/CCK+ cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus may play a unique role in the regulation of antidepressant efficacy via the serotonergic pathway.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Polysialic acid (PSA) is composed of eight or more α2,8-linked sialic acids. Here, we examined the functional significance of polysialic acid linked to the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in the adult mouse hippocampus. Few vesicular glutamate transporter 3-negative/cholecystokinin-positive (VGluT3-/CCK+) cells were colocalized with PSA-NCAM, but most of the VGluT3+/CCK+ cells were colocalized with PSA-NCAM. The expression ratios of 5-HT3A receptors and p11, a serotonin receptor-interacting protein, were higher in PSA-NCAM+/CCK+ cells than in PSA-NCAM-/CCK+ cells. The efficacy of antidepressants, but not anxiolytics, was impaired by the digestion of PSA-NCAM. The antidepressant-induced increase in p11 expression was inhibited following PSA-NCAM digestion. We hence hypothesize that PSA-NCAM colocalized with VGluT3+/CCK+ cells may play a unique role in regulating antidepressant efficacy.
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Consequences of VGluT3 deficiency on learning and memory in mice. Physiol Behav 2019; 212:112688. [PMID: 31622610 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGluT3) deficiency is associated with cognitive impairments. Male VGluT3 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice were exposed to a behavioral test battery covering paradigms based on spontaneous exploratory behavior and reinforcement-based learning tests. Reversal learning was examined to test the cognitive flexibility. The VGluT3 KO mice clearly exhibited the ability to learn. The social recognition memory of KO mice was intact. The y-maze test revealed weaker working memory of VGluT3 KO mice. No significant learning impairments were noticed in operant conditioning or holeboard discrimination paradigm. In avoidance-based learning tests (Morris water maze and active avoidance), KO mice exhibited slightly slower learning process compared to WT mice, but not a complete learning impairment. In tests based on simple associations (operant conditioning, avoidance learning) an attenuation of cognitive flexibility was observed in KO mice. In conclusion, knocking out VGluT3 results in mild disturbances in working memory and learning flexibility. Apparently, this glutamate transporter is not a major player in learning and memory formation in general. Based on previous characteristics of VGluT3 KO mice we would have expected a stronger deficit. The observed hypolocomotion did not contribute to the mild cognitive disturbances herein reported, either.
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Differential Expression of VGLUT2 in Mouse Mesopontine Cholinergic Neurons. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0161-19.2019. [PMID: 31366590 PMCID: PMC6709236 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0161-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) mediate the synaptic uptake of glutamate from the cytosol into synaptic vesicles and are considered unambiguous neurochemical markers of glutamate neurons. However, many neurons not classically thought of as glutamatergic also express a VGLUT and co-release glutamate. Using a genetic fate-mapping strategy we found that most cholinergic neurons in the mouse mesopontine tegmentum express VGLUT2 at some point during development, including the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg), laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, and parabigeminal nucleus (PBG), but not the oculomotor nucleus. In contrast, very few of these cholinergic neurons displayed evidence of vesicular GABA transporter expression. Using multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization, we determined that only PBG cholinergic neurons are also predominantly positive for VGLUT2 mRNA in the adult, with only small numbers of PPTg cholinergic neurons overlapping with VGLUT2 mRNA. Using Cre-dependent viral vectors we confirm these in situ hybridization data, and demonstrate projection patterns of cholinergic and glutamatergic populations. These results demonstrate that most mesopontine cholinergic neurons may transiently express VGLUT2, but that a large majority of PBG neurons retain VGLUT2 expression throughout adulthood, and support a growing body of literature indicating that distinct cholinergic populations have differing potential for GABA or glutamate co-release.
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Sengupta A, Holmes A. A Discrete Dorsal Raphe to Basal Amygdala 5-HT Circuit Calibrates Aversive Memory. Neuron 2019; 103:489-505.e7. [PMID: 31204082 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite a wealth of clinical and preclinical data implicating the serotonin (5-HT) system in fear-related affective disorders, a precise definition of this neuromodulator's role in fear remains elusive. Using convergent anatomical and functional approaches, we interrogate the contribution to fear of basal amygdala (BA) 5-HT inputs from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). We show the DRN→BA 5-HT pathway is engaged during fear memory formation and retrieval, and activity of these projections facilitates fear and impairs extinction. The DRN→BA 5-HT pathway amplifies fear-associated BA neuronal firing and theta power and phase-locking. Although fear recruits 5-HT and VGluT3 co-expressing DRN neurons, the fear-potentiating influence of the DRN→BA 5-HT pathway requires signaling at BA 5-HT1A/2A receptors. Input-output mapping illustrates how the DRN→BA 5-HT pathway is anatomically distinct and connected with other brain regions that mediate fear. These findings reveal how a discrete 5-HT circuit orchestrates a broader neural network to calibrate aversive memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sengupta
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Hulsey DR, Shedd CM, Sarker SF, Kilgard MP, Hays SA. Norepinephrine and serotonin are required for vagus nerve stimulation directed cortical plasticity. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112975. [PMID: 31181199 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with forelimb training drives robust, specific reorganization of movement representations in the motor cortex. This effect is hypothesized to be mediated by VNS-dependent engagement of neuromodulatory networks. VNS influences activity in the locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), but the involvement of these neuromodulatory networks in VNS-directed plasticity is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that cortical norepinephrine and serotonin are required for VNS-dependent enhancement of motor cortex plasticity. Rats were trained on a lever pressing task emphasizing proximal forelimb use. Once proficient, all rats received a surgically implanted vagus nerve cuff and cortical injections of either immunotoxins to deplete serotonin or norepinephrine, or vehicle control. Following surgical recovery, rats received half second bursts of 0.8 mA or sham VNS after successful trials. After five days of pairing intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) was performed in the motor cortex contralateral to the trained limb. VNS paired with training more than doubled cortical representations of proximal forelimb movements. Depletion of either cortical norepinephrine or serotonin prevented this effect. The requirement of multiple neuromodulators is consistent with earlier studies showing that these neuromodulators regulate synaptic plasticity in a complimentary fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Hulsey
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States of America.
| | - Christine M Shedd
- The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral Brain Sciences, 800 West Campbell Road, GR41, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States of America
| | - Sadmaan F Sarker
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States of America
| | - Michael P Kilgard
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States of America; The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral Brain Sciences, 800 West Campbell Road, GR41, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States of America
| | - Seth A Hays
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States of America; The University of Texas at Dallas, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States of America
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47
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Belmer A, Beecher K, Jacques A, Patkar OL, Sicherre F, Bartlett SE. Axonal Non-segregation of the Vesicular Glutamate Transporter VGLUT3 Within Serotonergic Projections in the Mouse Forebrain. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:193. [PMID: 31133811 PMCID: PMC6523995 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A subpopulation of raphe 5-HT neurons expresses the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT3 with the co-release of glutamate and serotonin proposed to play a pivotal role in encoding reward- and anxiety-related behaviors. Serotonin axons are identifiable by immunolabeling of either serotonin (5-HT) or the plasma membrane 5-HT transporter (SERT), with SERT labeling demonstrated to be only partially overlapping with 5-HT staining. Studies investigating the colocalization or segregation of VGLUT3 within SERT or 5-HT immunolabeled boutons have led to inconsistent results. Therefore, we combined immunohistochemistry, high resolution confocal imaging, and 3D-reconstruction techniques to map and quantify the distribution of VGLUT3 immunoreactive boutons within 5-HT vs. SERT-positive axons in various regions of the mouse forebrain, including the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens core and shell, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, dorsal striatum, lateral septum, basolateral and central amygdala, and hippocampus. Our results demonstrate that about 90% of 5-HT boutons are colocalized with SERT in almost all the brain regions studied, which therefore reveals that VGLUT3 and SERT do not segregate. However, in the posterior part of the NAC shell, we confirmed the presence of a subtype of 5-HT immunoreactive axons that lack the SERT. Interestingly, about 90% of the 5-HT/VGLUT3 boutons were labeled for the SERT in this region, suggesting that VGLUT3 is preferentially located in SERT immunoreactive 5-HT boutons. This work demonstrates that VGLUT3 and SERT cannot be used as specific markers to classify the different subtypes of 5-HT axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnauld Belmer
- Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Beecher
- Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Angela Jacques
- Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Omkar L Patkar
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Florian Sicherre
- Biologie Integrative et Physiologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Selena E Bartlett
- Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Mansouri-Guilani N, Bernard V, Vigneault E, Vialou V, Daumas S, El Mestikawy S, Gangarossa G. VGLUT3 gates psychomotor effects induced by amphetamine. J Neurochem 2019; 148:779-795. [PMID: 30556914 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several subtypes of modulatory neurons co-express vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) in addition to their cognate vesicular transporters. These neurons are believed to establish new forms of neuronal communication. The atypical VGLUT3 is of particular interest since in the striatum this subtype is found in tonically active cholinergic interneurons (TANs) and in a subset of 5-HT fibers. The striatum plays a major role in psychomotor effects induced by amphetamine. Whether and how VGLUT3-operated glutamate/ACh or glutamate/5HT co-transmissions modulates psychostimulants-induced maladaptive behaviors is still unknown. Here, we investigate the involvement of VGLUT3 and glutamate co-transmission in amphetamine-induced psychomotor effects and stereotypies. Taking advantage of constitutive and cell-type specific VGLUT3-deficient mouse lines, we tackled the hypothesis that VGLUT3 could gate psychomotor effects (locomotor activity and stereotypies) induced by acute or chronic administration of amphetamine. Interestingly, VGLUT3-null mice demonstrated blunted amphetamine-induced stereotypies as well as reduced striatal ∆FosB expression. VGLUT3-positive varicosities within the striatum arise in part from 5HT neurons. We tested the involvement of VGLUT3 deletion in serotoninergic neurons in amphetamine-induced stereotypies. Mice lacking VGLUT3 specifically in 5HT fibers showed no alteration to amphetamine sensitivity. In contrast, specific deletion of VGLUT3 in cholinergic neurons partially phenocopied the effects observed in the constitutive knock-out mice. Our results show that constitutive deletion of VGLUT3 modulates acute and chronic locomotor effects induced by amphetamine. They point to the fact that the expression of VGLUT3 in multiple brain areas is pivotal in gating amphetamine-induced psychomotor adaptations. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Mansouri-Guilani
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Bernard
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Erika Vigneault
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Vialou
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Daumas
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.,Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) CNRS UMR8251, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Dutar P, Tolle V, Kervern M, Carcenac C, Carola V, Gross C, Savasta M, Darmon M, Masson J. GLS1 Mutant Mice Display Moderate Alterations of Hippocampal Glutamatergic Neurotransmission Associated with Specific Adaptive Behavioral Changes. Neuroscience 2019; 396:175-186. [PMID: 30472430 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Significant alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission have been reported in major depressive disorder (MDD) that could underlie psychiatric traits. Studies were mainly interested in synaptic dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex, a key structure involved in depressive-like behavior, however hippocampus has been shown to be important in MDD. As cognitive deficits such as hippocampus-memory process were observed in MDD, we investigated in a mild hypoglutamatergic model behaviors related to depression and memory, synaptic transmission parameters and glutamatergic state specifically in the hippocampus. We thus characterized these phenotypes in adult male mice partially depleted in glutaminase type 1 or GLS1 (GLS1 HET), the enzyme responsible for glutamate synthesis in neurons, that we previously characterized as displaying moderate lower levels of glutamate in brain. We showed that GLS1 mutant mice display AMPA-R-mediated response deficits after prolonged repetitive stimulation with electrophysiological recording and inability to sustain glutamate release by microdialysis experiments with no consequences on behavioral spatial learning performances. However, their ability to escape from unpleasant but repeated escapable condition was attenuated whereas they were more immobile in the unescapable situation in the FST during re-test. These results show that GLS1 mutant mice display moderate impairments of hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission and moderate changes in adaptive behaviors that have been shown to participate to the development of depressive-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dutar
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, INSERM UMR894, Paris F-75014 France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 5, France
| | - Virginie Tolle
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, INSERM UMR894, Paris F-75014 France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 5, France
| | - Myriam Kervern
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, INSERM UMR894, Paris F-75014 France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 5, France
| | - Carole Carcenac
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des neuroscience (GIN), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Valeria Carola
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-Rome, Italy
| | - Cornelius Gross
- Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-Rome, Italy
| | - Marc Savasta
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des neuroscience (GIN), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michèle Darmon
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, INSERM UMR894, Paris F-75014 France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 5, France
| | - Justine Masson
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, INSERM UMR894, Paris F-75014 France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 5, France.
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50
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Trudeau LE, El Mestikawy S. Glutamate Cotransmission in Cholinergic, GABAergic and Monoamine Systems: Contrasts and Commonalities. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:113. [PMID: 30618649 PMCID: PMC6305298 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple discoveries made since the identification of vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) two decades ago revealed that many neuronal populations in the brain use glutamate in addition to their "primary" neurotransmitter. Such a mode of cotransmission has been detected in dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh), serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and surprisingly even in GABA neurons. Interestingly, work performed by multiple groups during the past decade suggests that the use of glutamate as a cotransmitter takes different forms in these different populations of neurons. In the present review, we will provide an overview of glutamate cotransmission in these different classes of neurons, highlighting puzzling differences in: (1) the proportion of such neurons expressing a VGLUT in different brain regions and at different stages of development; (2) the sub-cellular localization of the VGLUT; (3) the localization of the VGLUT in relation to the neurons' other vesicular transporter; and (4) the functional role of glutamate cotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Eric Trudeau
- CNS Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UM 119-CNRS UMR 8246-INSERM U1130, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), Paris, France
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