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Karnik R, Vohra A, Khatri M, Dalvi N, Vyas HS, Shah H, Gohil S, Kanojiya S, Devkar R. Diet/photoperiod mediated changes in cerebellar clock genes causes locomotor shifts and imperative changes in BDNF-TrkB pathway. Neurosci Lett 2024; 835:137843. [PMID: 38821201 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychological studies report anxiety and depression like symptoms in patients suffering from lifestyle disorder but its impact on locomotor function lacks clarity. Our study investigates locomotor deficits resulting due to perturbations in cerebellum of high fat diet (HFD), chronodisruption (CD) or a combination (HCD) model of lifestyle disorder. Significant downregulation in levels of cerebellar clock genes (Bmal-1, Clock, Per 1 and Per 2) and Bdnf-Trkb pathway genes (Bdnf, TrkB and Syn1 levels) were recorded. Further, locomotor deficits were observed in all the three experimental groups as evidenced by actimeter test, pole test and wire hanging test. Nuclear pyknosis of Purkinje cells, their derangement and inflammation were the hallmark of cerebellar tissue of all the three experimental groups. Taken together, this study generates important links between cerebellar clock oscillations, locomotor function and Bdnf-TrkB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhydham Karnik
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Aliasgar Vohra
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mahamadtezib Khatri
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Nilay Dalvi
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Hitarthi S Vyas
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Helly Shah
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Sujitsinh Gohil
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Smit Kanojiya
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India
| | - Ranjitsinh Devkar
- Division of Chronobiology and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India; Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India.
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Salazar Leon LE, Brown AM, Kaku H, Sillitoe RV. Purkinje cell dysfunction causes disrupted sleep in ataxic mice. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050379. [PMID: 38563553 PMCID: PMC11190574 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purkinje cell dysfunction disrupts movement and causes disorders such as ataxia. Recent evidence suggests that Purkinje cell dysfunction may also alter sleep regulation. Here, we used an ataxic mouse model generated by silencing Purkinje cell neurotransmission (L7Cre;Vgatfx/fx) to better understand how cerebellar dysfunction impacts sleep physiology. We focused our analysis on sleep architecture and electrocorticography (ECoG) patterns based on their relevance to extracting physiological measurements during sleep. We found that circadian activity was unaltered in the mutant mice, although their sleep parameters and ECoG patterns were modified. The L7Cre;Vgatfx/fx mutant mice had decreased wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, whereas non-REM sleep was increased. The mutants had an extended latency to REM sleep, which is also observed in human patients with ataxia. Spectral analysis of ECoG signals revealed alterations in the power distribution across different frequency bands defining sleep. Therefore, Purkinje cell dysfunction may influence wakefulness and equilibrium of distinct sleep stages in ataxia. Our findings posit a connection between cerebellar dysfunction and disrupted sleep and underscore the importance of examining cerebellar circuit function in sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E. Salazar Leon
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amanda M. Brown
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heet Kaku
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roy V. Sillitoe
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Development, Disease Models and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Manto M, Adamaszek M, Apps R, Carlson E, Guarque-Chabrera J, Heleven E, Kakei S, Khodakhah K, Kuo SH, Lin CYR, Joshua M, Miquel M, Mitoma H, Larry N, Péron JA, Pickford J, Schutter DJLG, Singh MK, Tan T, Tanaka H, Tsai P, Van Overwalle F, Yamashiro K. Consensus Paper: Cerebellum and Reward. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01702-0. [PMID: 38769243 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Cerebellum is a key-structure for the modulation of motor, cognitive, social and affective functions, contributing to automatic behaviours through interactions with the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and spinal cord. The predictive mechanisms used by the cerebellum cover not only sensorimotor functions but also reward-related tasks. Cerebellar circuits appear to encode temporal difference error and reward prediction error. From a chemical standpoint, cerebellar catecholamines modulate the rate of cerebellar-based cognitive learning, and mediate cerebellar contributions during complex behaviours. Reward processing and its associated emotions are tuned by the cerebellum which operates as a controller of adaptive homeostatic processes based on interoceptive and exteroceptive inputs. Lobules VI-VII/areas of the vermis are candidate regions for the cortico-subcortical signaling pathways associated with loss aversion and reward sensitivity, together with other nodes of the limbic circuitry. There is growing evidence that the cerebellum works as a hub of regional dysconnectivity across all mood states and that mental disorders involve the cerebellar circuitry, including mood and addiction disorders, and impaired eating behaviors where the cerebellum might be involved in longer time scales of prediction as compared to motor operations. Cerebellar patients exhibit aberrant social behaviour, showing aberrant impulsivity/compulsivity. The cerebellum is a master-piece of reward mechanisms, together with the striatum, ventral tegmental area (VTA) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Critically, studies on reward processing reinforce our view that a fundamental role of the cerebellum is to construct internal models, perform predictions on the impact of future behaviour and compare what is predicted and what actually occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Manto
- Service de Neurologie, Médiathèque Jean Jacquy, CHU-Charleroi, 6000, Charleroi, Belgium.
- Service Des Neurosciences, Université de Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium.
- Unité Des Ataxies Cérébelleuses, CHU-Charleroi, Service Des Neurosciences, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium.
| | - Michael Adamaszek
- Department of Clinical and Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Klinik Bavaria Kreischa, 01731, Kreischa, Germany
| | - Richard Apps
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Erik Carlson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Julian Guarque-Chabrera
- Área de Psicobiología, Facultat de Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de La Plana, Spain
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Elien Heleven
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shinji Kakei
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Jissen Women's University, Tokyo, 191-8510, Japan
| | - Kamran Khodakhah
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Initiative of Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Chi-Ying R Lin
- Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030 TX, USA
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030 TX, USA
| | - Mati Joshua
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marta Miquel
- Área de Psicobiología, Facultat de Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de La Plana, Spain
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Hiroshi Mitoma
- Department of Medical Education, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Noga Larry
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Julie Anne Péron
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jasmine Pickford
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Dennis J L G Schutter
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manpreet K Singh
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, 2230 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Tommy Tan
- Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Faculty of Information Technology, Tokyo City University, Tokyo, 158-8557, Japan
| | - Peter Tsai
- Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Frank Van Overwalle
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kunihiko Yamashiro
- Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
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4
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Missong H, Joshi R, Khullar N, Thareja S, Navik U, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Nutrient-epigenome interactions: Implications for personalized nutrition against aging-associated diseases. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 127:109592. [PMID: 38325612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted process involving genetic and environmental interactions often resulting in epigenetic changes, potentially leading to aging-related diseases. Various strategies, like dietary interventions and calorie restrictions, have been employed to modify these epigenetic landscapes. A burgeoning field of interest focuses on the role of microbiota in human health, emphasizing system biology and computational approaches. These methods help decipher the intricate interplay between diet and gut microbiota, facilitating the creation of personalized nutrition strategies. In this review, we analysed the mechanisms related to nutritional interventions while highlighting the influence of dietary strategies, like calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, on microbial composition and function. We explore how gut microbiota affects the efficacy of interventions using tools like multi-omics data integration, network analysis, and machine learning. These tools enable us to pinpoint critical regulatory elements and generate individualized models for dietary responses. Lastly, we emphasize the need for a deeper comprehension of nutrient-epigenome interactions and the potential of personalized nutrition informed by individual genetic and epigenetic profiles. As knowledge and technology advance, dietary epigenetics stands on the cusp of reshaping our strategy against aging and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemi Missong
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Riya Joshi
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Fuchs BA, Pearce AL, Rolls BJ, Wilson SJ, Rose EJ, Geier CF, Garavan H, Keller KL. The Cerebellar Response to Visual Portion Size Cues Is Associated with the Portion Size Effect in Children. Nutrients 2024; 16:738. [PMID: 38474866 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying susceptibility to eating more in response to large portions (i.e., the portion size effect) remain unclear. Thus, the present study examined how neural responses to portion size relate to changes in weight and energy consumed as portions increase. Associations were examined across brain regions traditionally implicated in appetite control (i.e., an appetitive network) as well as the cerebellum, which has recently been implicated in appetite-related processes. Children without obesity (i.e., BMI-for-age-and-sex percentile < 90; N = 63; 55% female) viewed images of larger and smaller portions of food during fMRI and, in separate sessions, ate four meals that varied in portion size. Individual-level linear and quadratic associations between intake (kcal, grams) and portion size (i.e., portion size slopes) were estimated. The response to portion size in cerebellar lobules IV-VI was associated with the quadratic portion size slope estimated from gram intake; a greater response to images depicting smaller compared to larger portions was associated with steeper increases in intake with increasing portion sizes. Within the appetitive network, neural responses were not associated with portion size slopes. A decreased cerebellar response to larger amounts of food may increase children's susceptibility to overeating when excessively large portions are served.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bari A Fuchs
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Alaina L Pearce
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Barbara J Rolls
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Stephen J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Emma J Rose
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Charles F Geier
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 31793, USA
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Kathleen L Keller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Li T, Le W, Jankovic J. Linking the cerebellum to Parkinson disease: an update. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:645-654. [PMID: 37752351 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by heterogeneous motor and non-motor symptoms, resulting from neurodegeneration involving various parts of the central nervous system. Although PD pathology predominantly involves the nigral-striatal system, growing evidence suggests that pathological changes extend beyond the basal ganglia into other parts of the brain, including the cerebellum. In addition to a primary involvement in motor control, the cerebellum is now known to also have an important role in cognitive, sleep and affective processes. Over the past decade, an accumulating body of research has provided clinical, pathological, neurophysiological, structural and functional neuroimaging findings that clearly establish a link between the cerebellum and PD. This Review presents an overview and update on the involvement of the cerebellum in the clinical features and pathogenesis of PD, which could provide a novel framework for a better understanding the heterogeneity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbai Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Iosif CI, Bashir ZI, Apps R, Pickford J. Cerebellar Prediction and Feeding Behaviour. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:1002-1019. [PMID: 36121552 PMCID: PMC10485105 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of the cerebellum in controlling movements, it might be expected that its main role in eating would be the control of motor elements such as chewing and swallowing. Whilst such functions are clearly important, there is more to eating than these actions, and more to the cerebellum than motor control. This review will present evidence that the cerebellum contributes to homeostatic, motor, rewarding and affective aspects of food consumption.Prediction and feedback underlie many elements of eating, as food consumption is influenced by expectation. For example, circadian clocks cause hunger in anticipation of a meal, and food consumption causes feedback signals which induce satiety. Similarly, the sight and smell of food generate an expectation of what that food will taste like, and its actual taste will generate an internal reward value which will be compared to that expectation. Cerebellar learning is widely thought to involve feed-forward predictions to compare expected outcomes to sensory feedback. We therefore propose that the overarching role of the cerebellum in eating is to respond to prediction errors arising across the homeostatic, motor, cognitive, and affective domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana I Iosif
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Zafar I Bashir
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Richard Apps
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jasmine Pickford
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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8
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Crocco P, Vecchie D, Gopalkrishna S, Dato S, Passarino G, Young ME, Nagareddy PR, Rose G, De Luca M. Syndecan-4 as a genetic determinant of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:156. [PMID: 37461091 PMCID: PMC10351106 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syndecan-4 (SDC4) is a member of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan family of cell-surface receptors. We and others previously reported that variation in the SDC4 gene was associated with several components of the metabolic syndrome, including intra-abdominal fat, fasting glucose and triglyceride levels, and hypertension, in human cohorts. Additionally, we demonstrated that high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese female mice with a Sdc4 genetic deletion had higher visceral adiposity and a worse metabolic profile than control mice. Here, we aimed to first investigate whether the mouse Sdc4 null mutation impacts metabolic phenotypes in a sex- and diet-dependent manner. We then tested whether SDC4 polymorphisms are related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in humans. METHODS For the mouse experiment, Sdc4-deficient (Sdc4-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with 14-weeks of low-fat diet (LFD). Body composition, energy balance, and selected metabolic phenotypes were assessed. For the human genetic study, we used logistic regression models to test 11 SDC4 SNPs for association with the MetS and its components in a cohort of 274 (113 with MetS) elderly subjects from southern Italy. RESULTS Following the dietary intervention in mice, we observed that the effects of the Sdc4 null mutation on several phenotypes were different from those previously reported in the mice kept on an HFD. Nonetheless, LFD-fed female Sdc4-/- mice, but not males, displayed higher levels of triglycerides and lower insulin sensitivity at fasting than WT mice, as seen earlier in the HFD conditions. In the parallel human study, we found that carriers of SDC4 rs2228384 allele C and rs2072785 allele T had reduced risk of MetS. The opposite was true for carriers of the SDC4 rs1981429 allele G. Additionally, the SNPs were found related to fasting triglyceride levels and triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, a reliable indicator of insulin resistance, with sex-stratified analysis detecting the association of rs1981429 with these phenotypes only in females. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results suggest that SDC4 is an evolutionary conserved genetic determinant of MetS and that its genetic variation is associated with fasting triglyceride levels in a female-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolina Crocco
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Denise Vecchie
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sreejit Gopalkrishna
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Serena Dato
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Prabhakara R Nagareddy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Giuseppina Rose
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy.
| | - Maria De Luca
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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9
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Salazar Leon LE, Brown AM, Kaku H, Sillitoe RV. Purkinje cell dysfunction causes disrupted sleep in ataxic mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.03.547586. [PMID: 37461479 PMCID: PMC10350025 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Purkinje cell dysfunction causes movement disorders such as ataxia, however, recent evidence suggests that Purkinje cell dysfunction may also alter sleep regulation. Here, we used an ataxia mouse model generated by silencing Purkinje cell neurotransmission ( L7 Cre ;Vgat fx/fx ) to better understand how cerebellar dysfunction impacts sleep physiology. We focused our analysis on sleep architecture and electrocorticography (ECoG) patterns based on their relevance to extracting physiological measurements during sleep. We found that circadian activity is unaltered in the mutant mice, although their sleep parameters and ECoG patterns are modified. The L7 Cre ;Vgat fx/fx mutant mice have decreased wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, while non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is increased. The mutant mice have an extended latency to REM sleep, which is also observed in human ataxia patients. Spectral analysis of ECoG signals revealed alterations in the power distribution across different frequency bands defining sleep. Therefore, Purkinje cell dysfunction may influence wakefulness and equilibrium of distinct sleep stages in ataxia. Our findings posit a connection between cerebellar dysfunction and disrupted sleep and underscore the importance of examining cerebellar circuit function in sleep disorders. Summary Statement Utilizing a precise genetic mouse model of ataxia, we provide insights into the cerebellum's role in sleep regulation, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for motor disorders-related sleep disruptions.
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10
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van’t Sant LJ, Birkisdóttir MB, Ozinga RA, Gyenis Á, Hoeijmakers JH, Vermeij WP, Jaarsma D. Gene expression changes in cerebellum induced by dietary restriction. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1185665. [PMID: 37293544 PMCID: PMC10244750 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1185665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary restriction (DR) is a well-established universal anti-aging intervention, and is neuroprotective in multiple models of nervous system disease, including models with cerebellar pathology. The beneficial effects of DR are associated with a rearrangement of gene expression that modulate metabolic and cytoprotective pathways. However, the effect of DR on the cerebellar transcriptome remained to be fully defined. Results Here we analyzed the effect of a classical 30% DR protocol on the transcriptome of cerebellar cortex of young-adult male mice using RNAseq. We found that about 5% of expressed genes were differentially expressed in DR cerebellum, the far majority of whom showing subtle expression changes. A large proportion of down-regulated genes are implicated in signaling pathways, in particular pathways associated with neuronal signaling. DR up regulated pathways in large part were associated with cytoprotection and DNA repair. Analysis of the expression of cell-specific gene sets, indicated a strong enrichment of DR down genes in Purkinje cells, while genes specifically associated with granule cells did not show such a preferential down-regulation. Conclusion Our data show that DR may have a clear effect on the cerebellar transcriptome inducing a mild shift from physiology towards maintenance and repair, and having cell-type specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María B. Birkisdóttir
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rutger A. Ozinga
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ákos Gyenis
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilbert P. Vermeij
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dick Jaarsma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Leon LES, Sillitoe RV. Disrupted sleep in dystonia depends on cerebellar function but not motor symptoms in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.09.527916. [PMID: 36798256 PMCID: PMC9934608 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.527916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Although dystonia is the third most common movement disorder, patients often also experience debilitating nonmotor defects including impaired sleep. The cerebellum is a central component of a "dystonia network" that plays various roles in sleep regulation. Importantly, the primary driver of sleep impairments in dystonia remains poorly understood. The cerebellum, along with other nodes in the motor circuit, could disrupt sleep. However, it is unclear how the cerebellum might alter sleep and mobility. To disentangle the impact of cerebellar dysfunction on motion and sleep, we generated two mouse genetic models of dystonia that have overlapping cerebellar circuit miswiring but show differing motor phenotype severity: Ptf1a Cre ;Vglut2 fx/fx and Pdx1 Cre ;Vglut2 fx/fx mice. In both models, excitatory climbing fiber to Purkinje cell neurotransmission is blocked, but only the Ptf1a Cre ;Vglut2 fx/fx mice have severe twisting. Using in vivo ECoG and EMG recordings we found that both mutants spend greater time awake and in NREM sleep at the expense of REM sleep. The increase in awake time is driven by longer awake bouts rather than an increase in bout number. We also found a longer latency to reach REM in both mutants, which is similar to what is reported in human dystonia. We uncovered independent but parallel roles for cerebellar circuit dysfunction and motor defects in promoting sleep quality versus posture impairments in dystonia.
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12
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Granado MDJ, Pinato L, Santiago J, Barbalho SM, Parmezzan JEL, Suzuki LM, Cabrini ML, Spressão DRMS, Carneiro de Camargo AL, Guissoni Campos LM. Melatonin receptors and Per1 expression in the inferior olivary nucleus of the Sapajus apella monkey. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1072772. [PMID: 36605547 PMCID: PMC9809291 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1072772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a transducer of photic environmental information and participates in the synchronization of various physiological and behavioral phenomena. Melatonin can act directly in several areas of the central nervous system through its membrane receptors coupled to G protein, called MT1 and MT2 receptors. In some structures, such as the retina, hypothalamus and pars tuberalis, the expression of both melatonin receptors shows circadian variations. Melatonin can act in the synchronization of the clock proteins rhythm in these areas. Using the immunohistochemistry technique, we detected the immunoexpression of the melatonin receptors and clock genes clock protein Per1 in the inferior olivary nucleus (ION) of the Sapajus apella monkey at specific times of the light-dark phase. The mapping performed by immunohistochemistry showed expressive immunoreactivity (IR) Per1 with predominance during daytime. Both melatonin receptors were expressed in the ION without a day/night difference. The presence of both melatonin receptors and the Per1 protein in the inferior olivary nucleus can indicate a functional role not only in physiological, as in sleep, anxiety, and circadian rhythm, but also a chronobiotic role in motor control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Donizete Junior Granado
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Medical School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pinato
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Marília, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Santiago
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Medical School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Medical School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, Brazil
| | - Jessica Ellen Lima Parmezzan
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Medical School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, Brazil
| | - Lenita Mayumi Suzuki
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Medical School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, Brazil
| | - Mayara Longui Cabrini
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Medical School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Letícia Carneiro de Camargo
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Medical School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, Brazil
| | - Leila Maria Guissoni Campos
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Medical School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, Brazil,*Correspondence: Leila Maria Guissoni Campos,
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13
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Salazar Leon LE, Sillitoe RV. Potential Interactions Between Cerebellar Dysfunction and Sleep Disturbances in Dystonia. DYSTONIA 2022; 1. [PMID: 37065094 PMCID: PMC10099477 DOI: 10.3389/dyst.2022.10691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Dystonia is the third most common movement disorder. It causes debilitating twisting postures that are accompanied by repetitive and sometimes intermittent co- or over-contractions of agonist and antagonist muscles. Historically diagnosed as a basal ganglia disorder, dystonia is increasingly considered a network disorder involving various brain regions including the cerebellum. In certain etiologies of dystonia, aberrant motor activity is generated in the cerebellum and the abnormal signals then propagate through a “dystonia circuit” that includes the thalamus, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex. Importantly, it has been reported that non-motor defects can accompany the motor symptoms; while their severity is not always correlated, it is hypothesized that common pathways may nevertheless be disrupted. In particular, circadian dysfunction and disordered sleep are common non-motor patient complaints in dystonia. Given recent evidence suggesting that the cerebellum contains a circadian oscillator, displays sleep-stage-specific neuronal activity, and sends robust long-range projections to several subcortical regions involved in circadian rhythm regulation, disordered sleep in dystonia may result from cerebellum-mediated dysfunction of the dystonia circuit. Here, we review the evidence linking dystonia, cerebellar network dysfunction, and cerebellar involvement in sleep. Together, these ideas may form the basis for the development of improved pharmacological and surgical interventions that could take advantage of cerebellar circuitry to restore normal motor function as well as non-motor (sleep) behaviors in dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E. Salazar Leon
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Roy V. Sillitoe
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Roy V. Sillitoe, Tel: 832-824-8913, Fax: 832-825-1251,
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14
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Zhou M, Chen J, Huang R, Xin H, Ma X, Li L, Deng F, Zhang Z, Li MD. Circadian signatures of anterior hypothalamus in time-restricted feeding. F1000Res 2022; 11:1087. [PMID: 36531263 PMCID: PMC9727316 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.125368.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Meal timing resets circadian clocks in peripheral tissues, such as the liver, in seven days without affecting the phase of the central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Anterior hypothalamus plays an essential role in energy metabolism, circadian rhythm, and stress response. However, it remains to be elucidated whether and how anterior hypothalamus adapts its circadian rhythms to meal timing. Methods: Here, we applied transcriptomics to profile rhythmic transcripts in the anterior hypothalamus of nocturnal female mice subjected to day- (DRF) or night (NRF)-time restricted feeding for seven days. Results: This global profiling identified 128 and 3,518 rhythmic transcripts in DRF and NRF, respectively. NRF entrained diurnal rhythms among 990 biological processes, including 'Electron transport chain' and 'Hippo signaling' that reached peak time in the late sleep and late active phase, respectively. By contrast, DRF entrained only 20 rhythmic pathways, including 'Cellular amino acid catabolic process', all of which were restricted to the late active phase. The rhythmic transcripts found in both DRF and NRF tissues were largely resistant to phase entrainment by meal timing, which were matched to the action of the circadian clock. Remarkably, DRF for 36 days partially reversed the circadian clock compared to NRF. Conclusions: Collectively, our work generates a useful dataset to explore anterior hypothalamic circadian biology and sheds light on potential rhythmic processes influenced by meal timing in the brain (www.circametdb.org.cn).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jianghui Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Haoran Xin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaogen Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China,
| | - Min-Dian Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China,
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15
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Trzeciak JR, Steele AD. Studying food entrainment: Models, methods, and musings. Front Nutr 2022; 9:998331. [PMID: 36211505 PMCID: PMC9532691 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.998331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to tell time relative to predictable feeding opportunities has a long history of research, going back more than 100 years with behavioral observations of honeybees and rats. Animals that have access to food at a particular time of day exhibit “food anticipatory activity” (FAA), which is a preprandial increase in activity and arousal thought to be driven by food entrained circadian oscillator(s). However, the mechanisms behind adaptation of behavior to timed feeding continue to elude our grasp. Methods used to study circadian entrainment by food vary depending on the model system and the laboratory conducting the experiments. Most studies have relied on rodent model systems due to neuroanatomical tools and genetic tractability, but even among studies of laboratory mice, methods vary considerably. A lack of consistency within the field in experimental design, reporting, and definition of food entrainment, or even FAA, makes it difficult to compare results across studies or even within the same mutant mouse strain, hindering interpretation of replication studies. Here we examine the conditions used to study food as a time cue and make recommendations for study design and reporting.
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16
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Xu X, Pu J, Shaw A, Jackson T. Neural responsiveness to Chinese versus Western food images: An functional magnetic resonance imaging study of Chinese young adults. Front Nutr 2022; 9:948039. [PMID: 36034899 PMCID: PMC9411937 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.948039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-cultural studies suggest that people typically prefer to eat familiar foods from their own culture rather than foreign foods from other cultures. On this basis, it is plausible that neural responsiveness elicited by palatable food images from one’s own culture differ from those elicited by food depictions from other cultures. Toward clarifying this issue, we examined neural activation and self-report responses to indigenous (Chinese) versus Western food images among young Chinese adults. Participants (33 women, 33 men) viewed Chinese food, Western food and furniture control images during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan and then rated the images on “liking,” “wanting,” and “difficult resisting.” Analyses indicated there were no significant differences in self-report ratings of Chinese versus Western food images. However, Chinese food images elicited stronger activation in regions linked to cravings, taste perception, attention, reward, and visual processing (i.e., cerebellum crus, superior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, posterior insula, middle occipital gyrus; inferior occipital gyrus). Conversely, Western food images elicited stronger activation in areas involved in visual object recognition and visual processing (inferior temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, calcarine). These findings underscored culture as a potentially important influence on neural responses to visual food cues and raised concerns about the ecological validity of using “standard” Western food images in neuroimaging studies of non-Western samples. Results also provide foundations for designing culturally informed research and intervention approaches in non-Westerns contexts guided by the use of external food cues that are most salient to the cultural group under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajia Pu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Amy Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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17
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Sarver DC, Xu C, Aja S, Wong GW. CTRP14 inactivation alters physical activity and food intake response to fasting and refeeding. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E480-E493. [PMID: 35403439 PMCID: PMC9126218 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00002.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Secreted proteins of the C1q/TNF-related protein (CTRP) family play diverse functions in different organ systems. In the brain, CTRP14/C1QL1 is required for the proper establishment and maintenance of synapses between climbing fibers and cerebellar Purkinje cells. Beyond the central nervous system, the function of CTRP14 is largely unknown. A recent genome-wide association study has implicated CTRP14/C1QL1 as a candidate gene associated with total body fat mass. Here, we explored the potential metabolic roles of CTRP14. We show that Ctrp14 expression in peripheral tissues is dynamically regulated by fasting-refeeding and high-fat feeding. In the chow-fed basal state, Ctrp14 deletion modestly reduces glucose tolerance in knockout (KO) male mice and affects physical activity in a sex- and nutritional state-dependent manner. In the ad libitum fed state, Ctrp14 KO male mice have lower physical activity. In contrast, female KO mice have increased physical activity in the fasted and refed states. In response to an obesogenic diet, CTRP14-deficient mice of either sex gained similar weight and are indistinguishable from wild-type littermates in body composition, lipid profiles, and insulin sensitivity. Ambulatory activity, however, is reduced in Ctrp14 KO male mice. Food intake is also reduced in Ctrp14 KO male mice in the refed period following food deprivation. Meal pattern analyses indicate that decreased caloric intake from fasting to refeeding is due, in part, to smaller meal size. We conclude that CTRP14 is largely dispensable for metabolic homeostasis, but highlight context-dependent and sexually dimorphic metabolic responses of Ctrp14 deletion affecting physical activity and ingestive behaviors.NEW & NOTEWORTHY CTRP14 is a secreted protein whose function in the peripheral tissues is largely unknown. We show that the expression of Ctrp14 in peripheral tissues is regulated by metabolic and nutritional state. We generated mice lacking CTRP14 and show that CTRP14 deficiency alters physical activity and food intake in response to fasting and refeeding. Our data has provided new and valuable information on the physiological function of CTRP14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C Sarver
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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18
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Yalçin M, Mundorf A, Thiel F, Amatriain-Fernández S, Kalthoff IS, Beucke JC, Budde H, Garthus-Niegel S, Peterburs J, Relógio A. It's About Time: The Circadian Network as Time-Keeper for Cognitive Functioning, Locomotor Activity and Mental Health. Front Physiol 2022; 13:873237. [PMID: 35547585 PMCID: PMC9081535 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.873237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of organisms including mammals have evolved a 24h, self-sustained timekeeping machinery known as the circadian clock (biological clock), which enables to anticipate, respond, and adapt to environmental influences such as the daily light and dark cycles. Proper functioning of the clock plays a pivotal role in the temporal regulation of a wide range of cellular, physiological, and behavioural processes. The disruption of circadian rhythms was found to be associated with the onset and progression of several pathologies including sleep and mental disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Thus, the role of the circadian clock in health and disease, and its clinical applications, have gained increasing attention, but the exact mechanisms underlying temporal regulation require further work and the integration of evidence from different research fields. In this review, we address the current knowledge regarding the functioning of molecular circuits as generators of circadian rhythms and the essential role of circadian synchrony in a healthy organism. In particular, we discuss the role of circadian regulation in the context of behaviour and cognitive functioning, delineating how the loss of this tight interplay is linked to pathological development with a focus on mental disorders and neurodegeneration. We further describe emerging new aspects on the link between the circadian clock and physical exercise-induced cognitive functioning, and its current usage as circadian activator with a positive impact in delaying the progression of certain pathologies including neurodegeneration and brain-related disorders. Finally, we discuss recent epidemiological evidence pointing to an important role of the circadian clock in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Yalçin
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annakarina Mundorf
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Freya Thiel
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Amatriain-Fernández
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ida Schulze Kalthoff
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Carl Beucke
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henning Budde
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Ng GYQ, Sheng DPLK, Bae HG, Kang SW, Fann DYW, Park J, Kim J, Alli-Shaik A, Lee J, Kim E, Park S, Han JW, Karamyan V, Okun E, Dheen T, Hande MP, Vemuganti R, Mallilankaraman K, Lim LHK, Kennedy BK, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Gunaratne J, Mattson MP, Foo RSY, Jo DG, Arumugam TV. Integrative epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal metabolic switching by intermittent fasting in brain. GeroScience 2022; 44:2171-2194. [PMID: 35357643 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) remains the most effective intervention to achieve robust anti-aging effects and attenuation of age-related diseases in various species. Epigenetic modifications mediate the biological effects of several environmental factors on gene expression; however, no information is available on the effects of IF on the epigenome. Here, we first found that IF for 3 months caused modulation of H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) in the cerebellum, which in turn orchestrated a plethora of transcriptomic changes involved in robust metabolic switching processes commonly observed during IF. Second, a portion of both the epigenomic and transcriptomic modulations induced by IF was remarkably preserved for at least 3 months post-IF refeeding, indicating that memory of IF-induced epigenetic changes was maintained. Notably, though, we found that termination of IF resulted in a loss of H3K9me3 regulation of the transcriptome. Collectively, our study characterizes the novel effects of IF on the epigenetic-transcriptomic axis, which controls myriad metabolic processes. The comprehensive analyses undertaken in this study reveal a molecular framework for understanding how IF impacts the metabolo-epigenetic axis of the brain and will serve as a valuable resource for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Yong-Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Han-Gyu Bae
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Kang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Yang-Wei Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinsu Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonki Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Asfa Alli-Shaik
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung-Whan Han
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Vardan Karamyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Eitan Okun
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-IIan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoor Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karthik Mallilankaraman
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lina H K Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Buck Institute for Research On Aging, Novato, USA
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger Sik-Yin Foo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Centre for Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea. .,Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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20
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Campos A, Port JD, Acosta A. Integrative Hedonic and Homeostatic Food Intake Regulation by the Central Nervous System: Insights from Neuroimaging. Brain Sci 2022; 12:431. [PMID: 35447963 PMCID: PMC9032173 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Food intake regulation in humans is a complex process controlled by the dynamic interaction of homeostatic and hedonic systems. Homeostatic regulation is controlled by appetitive signals from the gut, adipose tissue, and the vagus nerve, while conscious and unconscious reward processes orchestrate hedonic regulation. On the one hand, sight, smell, taste, and texture perception deliver potent food-related feedback to the central nervous system (CNS) and influence brain areas related to food reward. On the other hand, macronutrient composition stimulates the release of appetite signals from the gut, which are translated in the CNS into unconscious reward processes. This multi-level regulation process of food intake shapes and regulates human ingestive behavior. Identifying the interface between hormones, neurotransmitters, and brain areas is critical to advance our understanding of conditions like obesity and develop better therapeutical interventions. Neuroimaging studies allow us to take a glance into the central nervous system (CNS) while these processes take place. This review focuses on the available neuroimaging evidence to describe this interaction between the homeostatic and hedonic components in human food intake regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Campos
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - John D. Port
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Andres Acosta
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
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21
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Bering T, Hertz H, Rath MF. The Circadian Oscillator of the Cerebellum: Triiodothyronine Regulates Clock Gene Expression in Granule Cells in vitro and in the Cerebellum of Neonatal Rats in vivo. Front Physiol 2021; 12:706433. [PMID: 34776993 PMCID: PMC8578874 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.706433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The central circadian clock resides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, but an SCN-dependent molecular circadian oscillator is present in the cerebellar cortex. Recent findings suggest that circadian release of corticosterone is capable of driving the circadian oscillator of the rat cerebellum. To determine if additional neuroendocrine signals act to shape cerebellar clock gene expression, we here tested the role of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) in regulation of the cerebellar circadian oscillator. In cultured cerebellar granule cells from mixed-gender neonatal rats, T3 treatment affected transcript levels of the clock genes Per2, Arntl, Nr1d1, and Dbp, suggesting that T3 acts directly on granule cells to control the circadian oscillator. We then used two different in vivo protocols to test the role of T3 in adult female rats: Firstly, a single injection of T3 did not influence clock gene expression in the cerebellum. Secondly, we established a surgical rat model combining SCN lesion with a programmable micropump infusing circadian physiological levels of T3; however, rhythmic infusion of T3 did not reestablish differential clock gene expression between day and night in SCN lesioned rats. To test if the effects of T3 observed in vitro were related to the developmental stage, acute injections of T3 were performed in mixed-gender neonatal rats in vivo; this procedure significantly affected cerebellar expression of the clock genes Per1, Per2, Nr1d1, and Dbp. Developmental comparisons showed rhythmic expression of all clock genes analyzed in the cerebellum of adult rats only, whereas T3 responsiveness was limited to neonatal animals. Thus, T3 shapes cerebellar clock gene profiles in early postnatal stages, but it does not represent a systemic circadian regulatory mechanism linking the SCN to the cerebellum throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenna Bering
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hertz
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Fredensborg Rath
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Green CL, Mitchell SE, Derous D, García-Flores LA, Wang Y, Chen L, Han JDJ, Promislow DEL, Lusseau D, Douglas A, Speakman JR. The Effects of Graded Levels of Calorie Restriction: XVI. Metabolomic Changes in the Cerebellum Indicate Activation of Hypothalamocerebellar Connections Driven by Hunger Responses. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:601-610. [PMID: 33053185 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) remains the most robust intervention to extend life span and improve healthspan. Though the cerebellum is more commonly associated with motor control, it has strong links with the hypothalamus and is thought to be associated with nutritional regulation and adiposity. Using a global mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach, we identified 756 metabolites that were significantly differentially expressed in the cerebellar region of the brain of C57BL/6J mice, fed graded levels of CR (10, 20, 30, and 40 CR) compared to mice fed ad libitum for 12 hours a day. Pathway enrichment indicated changes in the pathways of adenosine and guanine (which are precursors of DNA production), aromatic amino acids (tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan) and the sulfur-containing amino acid methionine. We also saw increases in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, electron donor, and dopamine and histamine pathways. In particular, changes in l-histidine and homocarnosine correlated positively with the level of CR and food anticipatory activity and negatively with insulin and body temperature. Several metabolic and pathway changes acted against changes seen in age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, including increases in the TCA cycle and reduced l-proline. Carnitine metabolites contributed to discrimination between CR groups, which corroborates previous work in the liver and plasma. These results indicate the conservation of certain aspects of metabolism across tissues with CR. Moreover, this is the first study to indicate CR alters the cerebellar metabolome, and does so in a graded fashion, after only a short period of restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Green
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sharon E Mitchell
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Davina Derous
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Libia A García-Flores
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Pathology and Department of Biology, University of Washington at Seattle
| | - David Lusseau
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - John R Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Quintela T, Furtado A, Duarte AC, Gonçalves I, Myung J, Santos CRA. The role of circadian rhythm in choroid plexus functions. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 205:102129. [PMID: 34343629 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For several years, a great effort has been devoted to understand how circadian oscillations in physiological processes are determined by the circadian clock system. This system is composed by the master clock at the suprachiasmatic nucleus which sets the pace and tunes peripheral clocks in several organs. It was recently demonstrated that the choroid plexus epithelial cells that compose the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier hold a circadian clock which might control their multiple functions with implications for the maintenance of brain homeostasis. However, the choroid plexus activities regulated by its inner clock are still largely unknown. In this review, we propose that several choroid plexus functions might be regulated by the circadian clock, alike in other tissues. We provide evidences that the timing of cerebrospinal fluid secretion, clearance of amyloid-beta peptides and xenobiotics, and the barrier function of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier are regulated by the circadian clock. These data, highlight that the circadian regulation of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier must be taken into consideration for enhancing drug delivery to central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - André Furtado
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C Duarte
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Jihwan Myung
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain, and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, No. 172-1 Sec. 2 Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 291 Zhongzheng Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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24
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Ma J, He JJ, Wang M, Hou JL, Elsheikha HM, Zhu XQ. Toxoplasma gondii induces metabolic disturbances in the hippocampus of BALB/c mice. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2805-2818. [PMID: 34219189 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii can cross the blood-brain barrier and infect different regions of the brain including the hippocampus. In the present study, we examined the impact of Toxoplasma gondii infection on the metabolism of the hippocampus of female BALB/c mice compared to control mice using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences between infected and control hippocampi and identified 25, 82, and 105 differential metabolites (DMs) in the infected hippocampi at 7, 14, and 21 days post-infection (dpi), respectively. One DM (sphingosyl-phosphocholine in the sphingolipid metabolism pathway) and 11 dysregulated pathways were detected at all time points post-infection, suggesting their important roles in the neuropathogenesis of T. gondii infection. These pathways were related to neural activity, such as inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Weighted correlation network analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis identified 33 metabolites significantly associated with T. gondii infection in the hippocampus, and 30 of these were deemed as potential biomarkers for T. gondii infection. This study provides, for the first time, a global view of the metabolic perturbations that occur in the mouse hippocampus during T. gondii infection. The potential relevance of the identified metabolites and pathways to the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment and psychiatric disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ling Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province, 030801, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Barrea L, Frias-Toral E, Aprano S, Castellucci B, Pugliese G, Rodriguez-Veintimilla D, Vitale G, Gentilini D, Colao A, Savastano S, Muscogiuri G. The clock diet: a practical nutritional guide to manage obesity through chrononutrition. Minerva Med 2021; 113:172-188. [PMID: 33913659 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronobiology studies the biological rhythms or circadian cycles of living organisms and their adaptation to external changes. Biological rhythms can affect hormone production cycles such as sleep/wake, and nutrition/fasting, but these factors can also alter the circadian rhythm (CR). In recent years, numerous studies have highlighted how feeding times and frequency can influence biological rhythms. Additionally, individuals' chronotype, working shifts, and food intake can make a deep impact on people's tendency to develop obesity and metabolic diseases. In this context, a single food and a specific combination of these, can also affect the CR and fasting cycle and consequently body weight and viceversa. The purpose of the review is to propose practical nutritional recommendations to help in resynchronizing the circadian rhythm as a tool in weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Naples, Italy - .,Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy -
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- Research Committee, SOLCA Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.,Palliative Care Residency, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Sara Aprano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Castellucci
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Vitale
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Cattedra Unesco Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Cattedra Unesco Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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26
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Bertile F, Plumel M, Maes P, Hirschler A, Challet E. Daytime Restricted Feeding Affects Day-Night Variations in Mouse Cerebellar Proteome. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:613161. [PMID: 33912010 PMCID: PMC8072461 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.613161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum harbors a circadian clock that can be shifted by scheduled mealtime and participates in behavioral anticipation of food access. Large-scale two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) combined with mass spectrometry was used to identify day–night variations in the cerebellar proteome of mice fed either during daytime or nighttime. Experimental conditions led to modified expression of 89 cerebellar proteins contained in 63 protein spots. Five and 33 spots were changed respectively by time-of-day or feeding conditions. Strikingly, several proteins of the heat-shock protein family (i.e., Hsp90aa1, 90ab1, 90b1, and Hspa2, 4, 5, 8, 9) were down-regulated in the cerebellum of daytime food-restricted mice. This was also the case for brain fatty acid protein (Fabp7) and enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (Ndufs1) or folate metabolism (Aldh1l1). In contrast, aldolase C (Aldoc or zebrin II) and pyruvate carboxylase (Pc), two enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and vesicle-fusing ATPase (Nsf) were up-regulated during daytime restricted feeding, possibly reflecting increased neuronal activity. Significant feeding × time-of-day interactions were found for changes in the intensity of 20 spots. Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha (Gnao1) was more expressed in the cerebellum before food access. Neuronal calcium-sensor proteins [i.e., parvalbumin (Pvalb) and visinin-like protein 1 (Vsnl1)] were inversely regulated in daytime food-restricted mice, compared to control mice fed at night. Furthermore, expression of three enzymes modulating the circadian clockwork, namely heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (Hnrnpk), serine/threonine-protein phosphatases 1 (Ppp1cc and Ppp1cb subunits) and 5 (Ppp5), was differentially altered by daytime restricted feeding. Besides cerebellar proteins affected only by feeding conditions or daily cues, specific changes in in protein abundance before food access may be related to behavioral anticipation of food access and/or feeding-induced shift of the cerebellar clockwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Bertile
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, LSMBO, Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marine Plumel
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, LSMBO, Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pauline Maes
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, LSMBO, Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurélie Hirschler
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, LSMBO, Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Challet
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
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27
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Abstract
The endogenous timekeeping system evolved to anticipate the time of the day through the 24 hours cycle of the Earth's rotation. In mammals, the circadian clock governs rhythmic physiological and behavioral processes, including the daily oscillation in glucose metabolism, food intake, energy expenditure, and whole-body insulin sensitivity. The results from a series of studies have demonstrated that environmental or genetic alterations of the circadian cycle in humans and rodents are strongly associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests that astrocyte clocks have a crucial role in regulating molecular, physiological, and behavioral circadian rhythms such as glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Given the concurrent high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and circadian disruption, understanding the mechanisms underlying glucose homeostasis regulation by the circadian clock and its dysregulation may improve glycemic control. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the tight interconnection between the timekeeping system, glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity. We focus specifically on the involvement of astrocyte clocks, at the organism, cellular, and molecular levels, in the regulation of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Barca-Mayo
- Circadian and Glial Biology Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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28
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Gallardo CM, Martin CS, Steele AD. Food Anticipatory Activity on Circadian Time Scales Is Not Dependent on Central Serotonin: Evidence From Tryptophan Hydroxylase-2 and Serotonin Transporter Knockout Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:534238. [PMID: 33041772 PMCID: PMC7517832 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.534238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies implicate biogenic amines in regulating circadian rhythms. In particular, dopamine and serotonin influence the entrainment of circadian rhythms to daily food availability. To study circadian entrainment to feeding, food availability is typically restricted to a short period within the light cycle daily. This results in a notable increase in pre-meal activity, termed "food anticipatory activity" (FAA), which typically develops within about 1 week of scheduled feeding. Several studies have implicated serotonin as a negative regulator of FAA: (1) aged rats treated with serotonin 5-HT2 and 3 receptor antagonists showed enhanced FAA, (2) mice lacking for the 2C serotonin receptor demonstrate enhanced FAA, and (3) pharmacologically increased serotonin levels suppressed FAA while decreased serotonin levels enhanced FAA in mice. We sought to confirm and extend these findings using genetic models with impairments in central serotonin production or re-uptake, but were surprised to find that both serotonin transporter (Slc6a4) and tryptophan hydroxylase-2 knockout mice demonstrated a normal behavioral response to timed, calorie restricted feeding. Our data suggest that FAA is largely independent of central serotonin and/or serotonin reuptake and that serotonin may not be a robust negative regulator of FAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Gallardo
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Camille S Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Andrew D Steele
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, United States
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29
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Lugo‐Candelas C, Pang Y, Lee S, Cha J, Hong S, Ranzenhofer L, Korn R, Davis H, McInerny H, Schebendach J, Chung WK, Leibel RL, Walsh BT, Posner J, Rosenbaum M, Mayer L. Differences in brain structure and function in children with the FTO obesity-risk allele. Obes Sci Pract 2020; 6:409-424. [PMID: 32874676 PMCID: PMC7448161 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Noncoding alleles of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been associated with obesity risk, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Risk allele carriers show alterations in brain structure and function, but previous studies have not disassociated the effects of genotype from those of body mass index (BMI). METHODS Differences in brain structure and function were examined in children without obesity grouped by their number of copies (0,1,2) of the FTO obesity-risk single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1421085. One hundred five 5- to 10-year-olds (5th-95th percentile body fat) were eligible to participate. Usable scans were obtained from 93 participants (15 CC [homozygous risk], 31 CT [heterozygous] and 47 TT [homozygous low risk]). RESULTS Homozygous C allele carriers (CCs) showed greater grey matter volume in the cerebellum and temporal fusiform gyrus. CCs also demonstrated increased bilateral cerebellar white matter fibre density and increased resting-state functional connectivity between the bilateral cerebellum and regions in the frontotemporal cortices. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine brain structure and function related to FTO alleles in young children not yet manifesting obesity. This study lends support to the notion that the cerebellum may be involved in FTO-related risk for obesity, yet replication and further longitudinal study are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lugo‐Candelas
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yajing Pang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroinformationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Jiook Cha
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Susie Hong
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Lisa Ranzenhofer
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Rachel Korn
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Haley Davis
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Hailey McInerny
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Janet Schebendach
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Rudolph L. Leibel
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes CenterColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - B. Timothy Walsh
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Laurel Mayer
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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30
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Ma J, He JJ, Hou JL, Zhou CX, Elsheikha HM, Zhu XQ. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Reveals Metabolic Alterations in the Mouse Cerebellum During Toxoplasma gondii Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1555. [PMID: 32765450 PMCID: PMC7381283 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite with a remarkable neurotropism. We recently showed that T. gondii infection can alter the global metabolism of the cerebral cortex of mice. However, the impact of T. gondii infection on the metabolism of the cerebellum remains unknown. Here we apply metabolomic profiling to discover metabolic changes associated with T. gondii infection of the mouse cerebellum using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Multivariate statistics revealed differences in the metabolic profiles between the infected and control mouse groups and between the infected mouse groups as infection advanced. We also detected 10, 22, and 42 significantly altered metabolites (SAMs) in the infected cerebellum at 7, 14, and 21 days post infection (dpi), respectively. Four metabolites [tabersonine, arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid, and oleic acid] were identified as potential biomarker or responsive metabolites to T. gondii infection in the mouse cerebellum. Three of these metabolites (AA, docosahexaenoic acid, and oleic acid) play roles in the regulation of host behavior and immune response. Pathway analysis showed that T. gondii infection of the cerebellum involves reprogramming of amino acid and lipid metabolism. These results showcase temporal metabolomic changes during cerebellar infection by T. gondii in mice. The study provides new insight into the neuropathogenesis of T. gondii infection and reveals new metabolites and pathways that mediate the interplay between T. gondii and the mouse cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ling Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chun-Xue Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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31
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Domowicz MS, Chan WC, Claudio-Vázquez P, Henry JG, Ware CB, Andrade J, Dawson G, Schwartz NB. Global Brain Transcriptome Analysis of a Tpp1 Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses Mouse Model. ASN Neuro 2020; 11:1759091419843393. [PMID: 31003587 PMCID: PMC6475859 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419843393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, homozygous mutations in the TPP1 gene results in loss
of tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1) enzymatic activity, leading to late infantile
neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses disease. Using a mouse model that targets the
Tpp1 gene and recapitulates the pathology and clinical
features of the human disease, we analyzed end-stage (4 months) transcriptional
changes associated with lack of TPP1 activity. Using RNA sequencing technology,
Tpp1 expression changes in the forebrain/midbrain and
cerebellum of 4-month-old homozygotes were compared with strain-related
controls. Transcriptional changes were found in 510 and 1,550 gene transcripts
in forebrain/midbrain and cerebellum, respectively, from
Tpp1-deficient brain tissues when compared with age-matched
controls. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes using the Ingenuity™
pathway software, revealed increased neuroinflammation activity in microglia and
astrocytes that could lead to neuronal dysfunction, particularly in the
cerebellum. We also observed upregulation in the production of nitric oxide and
reactive oxygen species; activation of leukocyte extravasation signals and
complement pathways; and downregulation of major transcription factors involved
in control of circadian rhythm. Several of these expression changes were
confirmed by independent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histological
analysis by mRNA in situ hybridization, which allowed for an
in-depth anatomical analysis of the pathology and provided independent
confirmation of at least two of the major networks affected in this model. The
identification of differentially expressed genes has revealed new lines of
investigation for this complex disorder that may lead to novel therapeutic
targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S Domowicz
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wen-Ching Chan
- 2 Center for Research Informatics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Judith G Henry
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher B Ware
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jorge Andrade
- 2 Center for Research Informatics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Glyn Dawson
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy B Schwartz
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA.,3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
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Begemann K, Neumann A, Oster H. Regulation and function of extra-SCN circadian oscillators in the brain. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13446. [PMID: 31965726 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most organisms evolved endogenous, so called circadian clocks as internal timekeeping mechanisms allowing them to adapt to recurring changes in environmental demands brought about by 24-hour rhythms such as the light-dark cycle, temperature variations or changes in humidity. The mammalian circadian clock system is based on cellular oscillators found in all tissues of the body that are organized in a hierarchical fashion. A master pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronizes peripheral tissue clocks and extra-SCN oscillators in the brain with each other and with external time. Different time cues (so called Zeitgebers) such as light, food intake, activity and hormonal signals reset the clock system through the SCN or by direct action at the tissue clock level. While most studies on non-SCN clocks so far have focused on peripheral tissues, several extra-SCN central oscillators were characterized in terms of circadian rhythm regulation and output. Some of them are directly innervated by the SCN pacemaker, while others receive indirect input from the SCN via other neural circuits or extra-brain structures. The specific physiological function of these non-SCN brain oscillators as well as their role in the regulation of the circadian clock network remains understudied. In this review we summarize our current knowledge about the regulation and function of extra-SCN circadian oscillators in different brain regions and devise experimental approaches enabling us to unravel the organization of the circadian clock network in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
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33
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Abstract
Feeding schedules entrain circadian clocks in multiple brain regions and most peripheral organs and tissues, thereby synchronizing daily rhythms of foraging behavior and physiology with times of day when food is most likely to be found. Entrainment of peripheral clocks to mealtime is accomplished by multiple feeding-related signals, including absorbed nutrients and metabolic hormones, acting in parallel or in series in a tissue-specific fashion. Less is known about the signals that synchronize circadian clocks in the brain with feeding time, some of which are presumed to generate the circadian rhythms of food-anticipatory activity that emerge when food is restricted to a fixed daily mealtime. In this commentary, I consider the possibility that food-anticipatory activity rhythms are driven or entrained by circulating ghrelin, ketone bodies or insulin. While evidence supports the potential of these signals to participate in the induction or amount of food-anticipatory behavior, it falls short of establishing either a necessary or sufficient role or accounting for circadian properties of anticipatory rhythms. The availability of multiple, circulating signals by which circadian oscillators in many brain regions might entrain to mealtime has supported a view that food-anticipatory rhythms of behavior are mediated by a broadly distributed system of clocks. The evidence, however, does not rule out the possibility that multiple peripheral and central food-entrained oscillators and feeding-related signals converge on circadian oscillators in a defined location which ultimately set the phase and gate the expression of anticipatory activity rhythms. A candidate location is the dorsal striatum, a core component of the neural system which mediates reward, motivation and action and which contains circadian oscillators entrainable by food and dopaminergic drugs. Systemic metabolic signals, such as ghrelin, ketones and insulin, may participate in circadian food anticipation to the extent that they modulate dopamine afferents to circadian clocks in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph E Mistlberger
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A2S6, Canada
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Bering T, Hertz H, Rath MF. Rhythmic Release of Corticosterone Induces Circadian Clock Gene Expression in the Cerebellum. Neuroendocrinology 2020; 110:604-615. [PMID: 31557761 DOI: 10.1159/000503720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurons of the cerebellar cortex contain a circadian oscillator, with circadian expression of clock genes being controlled by the master clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). However, the signaling pathway connecting the SCN to the cerebellum is unknown. Glucocorticoids exhibit a prominent SCN-dependent circadian rhythm, and high levels of the glucocorticoid receptor have been reported in the cerebellar cortex; we therefore hypothesized that glucocorticoids may control the rhythmic expression of clock genes in the cerebellar cortex. We here applied a novel methodology by combining the electrolytic lesion of the SCN with implantation of a micropump programmed to release corticosterone in a circadian manner mimicking the endogenous hormone profile. By use of this approach, we were able to restore the corticosterone rhythm in SCN-lesioned male rats. Clock gene expression in the cerebellum was abolished in rats with a lesioned SCN, but exogenous corticosterone restored the daily rhythm in clock gene expression in the cerebellar cortex, as revealed by quantitative real-time PCR and radiochemical in situ hybridization for the detection of the core clock genes Per1, Per2, and Arntl. On the contrary, exogenous hormone did not restore circadian rhythms in body temperature and running activity. RNAscope in situ hybridization further revealed that the glucocorticoid receptor colocalizes with clock gene products in cells of the cerebellar cortex, suggesting that corticosterone exerts its actions by binding directly to receptors in neurons of the cerebellum. However, rhythmic clock gene expression in the cerebellum was also detectable in adrenalectomized rats, indicating that additional control mechanisms exist. These data show that the cerebellar circadian oscillator is influenced by SCN-dependent rhythmic release of corticosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenna Bering
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hertz
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Fredensborg Rath
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,
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35
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The interrelationship of body mass index with gray matter volume and resting-state functional connectivity of the hypothalamus. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:1097-1107. [PMID: 31796869 PMCID: PMC8643195 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background The hypothalamus plays an important role in regulating body weight through its interactions with multiple brain circuits involved in distinct aspects of feeding behavior. Yet, how hypothalamic gray matter volume (GMV) and connectivity may be related to individual differences in body weight remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that the hypothalamus shows enhanced resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) with regions of the reward, motivation, and motor circuits in positive correlation with body mass index (BMI) and the opposite with those associated with inhibitory control. We further examined the interdependent relationships between hypothalamic GMV, connectivity, and body weight. Methods Using seed-based rsFC and voxel-based morphometry analyses, we examined the relationship between the rsFC and GMV of the hypothalamus and BMI in 105 healthy humans. Additionally, we employed mediation analyses to characterize the inter-relationships between hypothalamic connectivity, GMV, and BMI. Results A whole-brain multiple regression showed that BMI was positively correlated with hypothalamic rsFC with the insula, thalamus, globus pallidus, and cerebellum, and negatively correlated with hypothalamic rsFC with the superior parietal lobule. Thus, higher BMI was associated with enhanced hypothalamic connectivity with regions involved in motivated feeding and reduced connectivity with those in support of cognitive control of food intake. A second whole-brain multiple regression revealed a positive correlation between hypothalamic GMV and the hypothalamus-posterior insula connectivity. Finally, the relationship between hypothalamic GMV and BMI was significantly and bidirectionally mediated by the hypothalamus-posterior insula connectivity. Conclusions The current findings suggest that the hypothalamus differentially interacts with the motivation, motor, and control circuits to regulate BMI. We further found evidence for the interdependence of hypothalamic structure, function, and body weight, which provides potential insights into the brain mechanisms of obesity.
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Lei X, Liu L, Terrillion CE, Karuppagounder SS, Cisternas P, Lay M, Martinelli DC, Aja S, Dong X, Pletnikov MV, Wong GW. FAM19A1, a brain-enriched and metabolically responsive neurokine, regulates food intake patterns and mouse behaviors. FASEB J 2019; 33:14734-14747. [PMID: 31689372 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901232rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines and chemokines play diverse roles in different organ systems. Family with sequence similarity 19, member A1-5 (FAM19A1-A5; also known as TAFA1-5) is a group of conserved chemokine-like proteins enriched in the CNS of mice and humans. Their functions are only beginning to emerge. Here, we show that the expression of Fam19a1-a5 in different mouse brain regions are induced or suppressed by unfed and refed states. The striking nutritional regulation of Fam19a family members in the brain suggests a potential central role in regulating metabolism. Using a knockout (KO) mouse model, we show that loss of FAM19A1 results in sexually dimorphic phenotypes. In male mice, FAM19A1 deficiency alters food intake patterns during the light and dark cycle. Fam19a1 KO mice are hyperactive, and locomotor hyperactivity is more pronounced in female KO mice. Behavior tests indicate that Fam19a1 KO female mice have reduced anxiety and sensitivity to pain. Spatial learning and exploration, however, is preserved in Fam19a1 KO mice. Altered behaviors are associated with elevated norepinephrine and dopamine turnover in the striatum. Our results establish an in vivo function of FAM19A1 and highlight central roles for this family of neurokines in modulating animal physiology and behavior.-Lei, X., Liu, L., Terrillion, C. E., Karuppagounder, S. S., Cisternas, P., Lay, M., Martinelli, D. C., Aja, S., Dong, X., Pletnikov, M. V., Wong, G. W. FAM19A1, a brain-enriched and metabolically responsive neurokine, regulates food intake patterns and mouse behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lei
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Chantelle E Terrillion
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Senthilkumar S Karuppagounder
- Department of Neurology and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pedro Cisternas
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mark Lay
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David C Martinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Feeding, which is essential for all animals, is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. In addition, food consumption is temporally coordinated by the brain over the circadian (~24 h) cycle. A network of circadian clocks set daily windows during which food consumption can occur. These daily windows mostly overlap with the active phase. Brain clocks that ensure the circadian control of food intake include a master light-entrainable clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus and secondary clocks in hypothalamic and brainstem regions. Metabolic hormones, circulating nutrients and visceral neural inputs transmit rhythmic cues that permit (via close and reciprocal molecular interactions that link metabolic processes and circadian clockwork) brain and peripheral organs to be synchronized to feeding time. As a consequence of these complex interactions, growing evidence shows that chronodisruption and mistimed eating have deleterious effects on metabolic health. Conversely, eating, even eating an unbalanced diet, during the normal active phase reduces metabolic disturbances. Therefore, in addition to energy intake and dietary composition, appropriately timed meal patterns are critical to prevent circadian desynchronization and limit metabolic risks. This Review provides insight into the dual modulation of food intake by homeostatic and circadian processes, describes the mechanisms regulating feeding time and highlights the beneficial effects of correctly timed eating, as opposed to the negative metabolic consequences of mistimed eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Challet
- Circadian clocks and metabolism team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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38
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Stroh MA, Winter MK, McCarson KE, Thyfault JP, Zhu H. NCB5OR Deficiency in the Cerebellum and Midbrain Leads to Dehydration and Alterations in Thirst Response, Fasted Feeding Behavior, and Voluntary Exercise in Mice. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 17:152-164. [PMID: 28887630 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic NADH-cytochrome-b5-oxidoreductase (NCB5OR) is ubiquitously expressed in animal tissues. We have previously reported that global ablation of NCB5OR in mice results in early-onset lean diabetes with decreased serum leptin levels and increased metabolic and feeding activities. The conditional deletion of NCB5OR in the mouse cerebellum and midbrain (conditional knock out, CKO mice) results in local iron dyshomeostasis and altered locomotor activity. It has been established that lesion to or removal of the cerebellum leads to changes in nutrient organization, visceral response, feeding behavior, and body weight. This study assessed whether loss of NCB5OR in the cerebellum and midbrain altered feeding or metabolic activity and had an effect on serum T3, cortisol, prolactin, and leptin levels. Metabolic cage data revealed that 16 week old male CKO mice had elevated respiratory quotients and decreased respiratory water expulsion, decreased voluntary exercise, and altered feeding and drinking behavior compared to wild-type littermate controls. Most notably, male CKO mice displayed higher consumption of food during refeeding after a 48-h fast. Echo MRI revealed normal body composition but decreased total water content and hydration ratios in CKO mice. Increased serum osmolality measurements confirmed the dehydration status of male CKO mice. Serum leptin levels were significantly elevated in male CKO mice while prolactin, T3, and cortisol levels remain unchanged relative to wild-type controls, consistent with elevated transcript levels for leptin receptors (short form) in the male CKO mouse cerebellum. Taken together, these findings suggest altered feeding response post starvation as a result of NCB5OR deficiency in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Stroh
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michelle K Winter
- Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Kenneth E McCarson
- Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. .,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., MSN 4048G-Eaton, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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Kennedy JT, Astafiev SV, Golosheykin S, Korucuoglu O, Anokhin AP. Shared genetic influences on adolescent body mass index and brain structure: A voxel-based morphometry study in twins. Neuroimage 2019; 199:261-272. [PMID: 31163268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has demonstrated significant relationships between obesity and brain structure. Both phenotypes are heritable, but it is not known whether they are influenced by common genetic factors. We investigated the genetic etiology of the relationship between individual variability in brain morphology and BMIz using structural MRI in adolescent twins. METHOD The sample (n = 258) consisted of 54 monozygotic and 75 dizygotic twin pairs (mean(SD) age = 13.61(0.505), BMIz = 0.608(1.013). Brain structure (volume and density of gray and white matter) was assessed using VBM. Significant voxelwise heritability of brain structure was established using the Accelerated Permutation inference for ACE models (APACE) program, with structural heritability varying from 15 to 97%, depending on region. Bivariate heritability analyses were carried out comparing additive genetic and unique environment models with and without shared genetics on BMIz and the voxels showing significant heritability in the APACE analyses. RESULTS BMIz was positively related to gray matter volume in the brainstem and thalamus and negatively related to gray matter volume in the bilateral uncus and medial orbitofrontal cortex, gray matter density in the cerebellum, prefrontal lobe, temporal lobe, and limbic system, and white matter density in the brainstem. Bivariate heritability analyses showed that BMIz and brain structure share ∼1/3 of their genes and that ∼95% of the phenotypic correlation between BMIz and brain structure is due to shared additive genetic influences. These regions included areas related to decision-making, motivation, liking vs. wanting, taste, interoception, reward processing/learning, caloric evaluation, and inhibition. CONCLUSION These results suggested genetic factors are responsible for the relationship between BMIz and heritable BMIz related brain structure in areas related to eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Serguei V Astafiev
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Semyon Golosheykin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Ozlem Korucuoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Andrey P Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, United States
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Plumel M, Dumont S, Maes P, Sandu C, Felder-Schmittbuhl MP, Challet E, Bertile F. Circadian Analysis of the Mouse Cerebellum Proteome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081852. [PMID: 30991638 PMCID: PMC6515515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum contains a circadian clock, generating internal temporal signals. The daily oscillations of cerebellar proteins were investigated in mice using a large-scale two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Analysis of 2D-DIGE gels highlighted the rhythmic variation in the intensity of 27/588 protein spots (5%) over 24 h based on cosinor regression. Notably, the rhythmic expression of most abundant cerebellar proteins was clustered in two main phases (i.e., midday and midnight), leading to bimodal distribution. Only six proteins identified here to be rhythmic in the cerebellum are also known to oscillate in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, including two proteins involved in the synapse activity (Synapsin 2 [SYN2] and vesicle-fusing ATPase [NSF]), two others participating in carbohydrate metabolism (triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1] and alpha-enolase [ENO1]), Glutamine synthetase (GLUL), as well as Tubulin alpha (TUBA4A). Most oscillating cerebellar proteins were not previously identified in circadian proteomic analyses of any tissue. Strikingly, the daily accumulation of mitochondrial proteins was clustered to the mid-resting phase, as previously observed for distinct mitochondrial proteins in the liver. Moreover, a number of rhythmic proteins, such as SYN2, NSF and TPI1, were associated with non-rhythmic mRNAs, indicating widespread post-transcriptional control in cerebellar oscillations. Thus, this study highlights extensive rhythmic aspects of the cerebellar proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Plumel
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, LSMBO, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Stéphanie Dumont
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Pauline Maes
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, LSMBO, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Cristina Sandu
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | | | - Etienne Challet
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Fabrice Bertile
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, LSMBO, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 67087 Strasbourg, France.
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41
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Paul JR, Davis JA, Goode LK, Becker BK, Fusilier A, Meador-Woodruff A, Gamble KL. Circadian regulation of membrane physiology in neural oscillators throughout the brain. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:109-138. [PMID: 30633846 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four-hour rhythmicity in physiology and behavior are driven by changes in neurophysiological activity that vary across the light-dark and rest-activity cycle. Although this neural code is most prominent in neurons of the primary circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, there are many other regions in the brain where region-specific function and behavioral rhythmicity may be encoded by changes in electrical properties of those neurons. In this review, we explore the existing evidence for molecular clocks and/or neurophysiological rhythms (i.e., 24 hr) in brain regions outside the SCN. In addition, we highlight the brain regions that are ripe for future investigation into the critical role of circadian rhythmicity for local oscillators. For example, the cerebellum expresses rhythmicity in over 2,000 gene transcripts, and yet we know very little about how circadian regulation drives 24-hr changes in the neural coding responsible for motor coordination. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of how our understanding of circadian regulation of electrical properties may yield insight into disease mechanisms which may lead to novel chronotherapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi R Paul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer A Davis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lacy K Goode
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bryan K Becker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Allison Fusilier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Aidan Meador-Woodruff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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42
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Pendergast JS, Yamazaki S. The Mysterious Food-Entrainable Oscillator: Insights from Mutant and Engineered Mouse Models. J Biol Rhythms 2018; 33:458-474. [PMID: 30033846 DOI: 10.1177/0748730418789043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The food-entrainable oscillator (FEO) is a mysterious circadian clock because its anatomical location(s) and molecular timekeeping mechanism are unknown. Food anticipatory activity (FAA), which is defined as the output of the FEO, emerges during temporally restricted feeding. FAA disappears immediately during ad libitum feeding and reappears during subsequent fasting. A free-running FAA rhythm has been observed only in rare circumstances when food was provided with a period outside the range of entrainment. Therefore, it is difficult to study the circadian properties of the FEO. Numerous studies have attempted to identify the critical molecular components of the FEO using mutant and genetically engineered mouse models. Herein we critically review the experimental protocols and findings of these studies in mouse models. Several themes emerge from these studies. First, there is little consistency in restricted feeding protocols between studies. Moreover, the protocols were sometimes not optimal, resulting in erroneous conclusions that FAA was absent in some mouse models. Second, circadian genes are not necessary for FEO timekeeping. Thus, another noncanonical timekeeping mechanism must exist in the FEO. Third, studies of mouse models have shown that signaling pathways involved in circadian timekeeping, reward (dopaminergic), and feeding and energy homeostasis can modulate, but are not necessary for, the expression of FAA. In sum, the approaches to date have been largely unsuccessful in discovering the timekeeping mechanism of the FEO. Moving forward, we propose the use of standardized and optimized experimental protocols that focus on identifying genes that alter the period of FAA in mutant and engineered mouse models. This approach is likely to permit discovery of molecular components of the FEO timekeeping mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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43
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Sex-specific regional grey matter volume correlates of daily activities. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9935. [PMID: 29967465 PMCID: PMC6028590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is plastic and continuously modified throughout life by our daily experiences and behaviours. However, no reports have comprehensively investigated structural brain correlates of our daily activities, including possible sex differences. In this study, we examined the relationship between a self-reported 24-hour Life-Log and regional brain volume measured by structural magnetic resonance imaging. We analysed brain volumes of 64 males and 53 females that were obtained from multiple scanning sites. We found several sex-specific correlations, including a positive correlation between superior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 8) volume and domestic work hours, and a negative correlation between volume in the same region and job-work hours. Despite being a cross-sectional study, this study provides empirical evidence for how and to what extent brain structure is correlated with everyday activity.
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44
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Soengas JL, Cerdá-Reverter JM, Delgado MJ. Central regulation of food intake in fish: an evolutionary perspective. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:R171-R199. [PMID: 29467140 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that central regulation of food intake is well conserved along the vertebrate lineage, at least between teleost fish and mammals. However, several differences arise in the comparison between both groups. In this review, we describe similarities and differences between teleost fish and mammals on an evolutionary perspective. We focussed on the existing knowledge of specific fish features conditioning food intake, anatomical homologies and analogies between both groups as well as the main signalling pathways of neuroendocrine and metabolic nature involved in the homeostatic and hedonic central regulation of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Soengas
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da SaúdeLaboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Miguel Cerdá-Reverter
- Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y BiotecnologíaInstituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - María Jesús Delgado
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II)Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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45
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Abstract
Mammalian circadian clocks have a hierarchical organization, governed by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus. The brain itself contains multiple loci that maintain autonomous circadian rhythmicity, but the contribution of the non-SCN clocks to this hierarchy remains unclear. We examine circadian oscillations of clock gene expression in various brain loci and discovered that in mouse, robust, higher amplitude, relatively faster oscillations occur in the choroid plexus (CP) compared to the SCN. Our computational analysis and modeling show that the CP achieves these properties by synchronization of “twist” circadian oscillators via gap-junctional connections. Using an in vitro tissue coculture model and in vivo targeted deletion of the Bmal1 gene to silence the CP circadian clock, we demonstrate that the CP clock adjusts the SCN clock likely via circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, thus finely tuning behavioral circadian rhythms. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) has been thought of as the master circadian clock, but peripheral circadian clocks do exist. Here, the authors show that the choroid plexus displays oscillations more robust than the SCN and that can be described as a Poincaré oscillator with negative twist.
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46
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Guissoni Campos LM, Hataka A, Vieira IZ, Buchaim RL, Robalinho IF, Arantes GEPS, Viégas JS, Bosso H, Bravos RM, Pinato L. Circadian Clock Proteins and Melatonin Receptors in Neurons and Glia of the Sapajus apella Cerebellum. Front Physiol 2018; 9:5. [PMID: 29479318 PMCID: PMC5811497 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oscillations of brain proteins in circadian rhythms are important for determining several cellular and physiological processes in anticipation of daily and seasonal environmental rhythms. In addition to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the primary central oscillator, the cerebellum shows oscillations in gene and protein expression. The variety of local circuit rhythms that the cerebellar cortex contains influences functions such as motivational processes, regulation of feeding, food anticipation, language, and working memory. The molecular basis of the cerebellar oscillator has been demonstrated by "clock gene" expression within cells of the cerebellar layers. Genetic and epidemiological evidence suggests that disruption of circadian rhythms in humans can lead to many pathological conditions. Despite this importance, data about clock gene and protein expression in the cerebellum of diurnal (day-active) species, specifically primates, is currently poorly explored, mainly in regard to cellular identity, as well as the relationship with other molecules also involved in cerebellar functions. These studies could contribute to clarification of the possible mechanisms behind cerebellar rhythmicity. Considering that calcium binding proteins (CaBPs) play crucial roles in preserving and modulating cerebellar functions and that clock gene expression can be controlled by afferent projections or paracrine circadian signals such as the hormone melatonin, the present study aimed to describe cellular identities, distribution patterns and day/night expression changes in PER1, PER2, CaBPs, and MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors in the cerebellar cortex of a diurnal primate using conventional fluorescence and peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical techniques. PER1 and PER2 immunoreactive (IR) cells were observed in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, and MT1 and MT2 receptors were localized around Purkinje cells in the Pj layer in Bergmann cells. This identity was confirmed by the S100β-IR of these cells. The highest expression of PER seen in the daytime analysis coincided with the highest expression of melatonin receptors. CaBPs showed day/night morphological and density changes in the cerebellar cortex. The presence of the same temporal variations in the expression of PER in the Pj neurons and in MT1 and MT2 receptors in Bergmann cells indicates a possible relation between these cells during the rhythmic processing of the cerebellum, in addition to the CaBP temporal morphological and density changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila M Guissoni Campos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Marília, Brazil.,University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rogério L Buchaim
- University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, Brazil.,University of São Paulo - USP, Bauru, Brazil
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47
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Sasaki T. Neural and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Controlling the Quality of Feeding Behavior: Diet Selection and Feeding Patterns. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101151. [PMID: 29053636 PMCID: PMC5691767 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We are what we eat. There are three aspects of feeding: what, when, and how much. These aspects represent the quantity (how much) and quality (what and when) of feeding. The quantitative aspect of feeding has been studied extensively, because weight is primarily determined by the balance between caloric intake and expenditure. In contrast, less is known about the mechanisms that regulate the qualitative aspects of feeding, although they also significantly impact the control of weight and health. However, two aspects of feeding quality relevant to weight loss and weight regain are discussed in this review: macronutrient-based diet selection (what) and feeding pattern (when). This review covers the importance of these two factors in controlling weight and health, and the central mechanisms that regulate them. The relatively limited and fragmented knowledge on these topics indicates that we lack an integrated understanding of the qualitative aspects of feeding behavior. To promote better understanding of weight control, research efforts must focus more on the mechanisms that control the quality and quantity of feeding behavior. This understanding will contribute to improving dietary interventions for achieving weight control and for preventing weight regain following weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Sasaki
- Laboratory for Metabolic Signaling, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan.
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48
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Bering T, Carstensen MB, Rath MF. Deleting the Arntl clock gene in the granular layer of the mouse cerebellum: impact on the molecular circadian clockwork. J Neurochem 2017; 142:841-856. [PMID: 28707700 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus houses the central circadian clock and is characterized by the timely regulated expression of clock genes. However, neurons of the cerebellar cortex also contain a circadian oscillator with circadian expression of clock genes being controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus. It has been suggested that the cerebellar circadian oscillator is involved in food anticipation, but direct molecular evidence of the role of the circadian oscillator of the cerebellar cortex is currently unavailable. To investigate the hypothesis that the circadian oscillator of the cerebellum is involved in circadian physiology and food anticipation, we therefore by use of Cre-LoxP technology generated a conditional knockout mouse with the core clock gene Arntl deleted specifically in granule cells of the cerebellum, since expression of clock genes in the cerebellar cortex is mainly located in this cell type. We here report that deletion of Arntl heavily influences the molecular clock of the cerebellar cortex with significantly altered and arrhythmic expression of other central clock and clock-controlled genes. On the other hand, daily expression of clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus was unaffected. Telemetric registrations in different light regimes did not detect significant differences in circadian rhythms of running activity and body temperature between Arntl conditional knockout mice and controls. Furthermore, food anticipatory behavior did not differ between genotypes. These data suggest that Arntl is an essential part of the cerebellar oscillator; however, the oscillator of the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex does not control traditional circadian parameters or food anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenna Bering
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bloss Carstensen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Fredensborg Rath
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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49
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Gavrila AM, Hood S, Robinson B, Amir S. Effects of bilateral anterior agranular insula lesions on food anticipatory activity in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179370. [PMID: 28594962 PMCID: PMC5464650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Food anticipatory activity (FAA) refers to a daily rhythm of locomotor activity that emerges under conditions of food restriction, whereby animals develop an intense, predictable period of activity in the few hours leading up to a predictable, daily delivery of food. The neural mechanisms by which FAA is regulated are not yet fully understood. Although a number of brain regions appear to be involved in regulating the development and expression of FAA, there is little evidence to date concerning the role of the anterior agranular insular cortex (AICa). The AICa plays a critical role in integrating the perception of visceral states with motivational behaviour such as feeding. We assessed the effect of bilateral electrolytic or ibotenic acid lesions of the AICa on FAA in male Wistar rats receiving food for varying lengths of time (2 h, 3 h, or 5 h) during the middle of the light phase (starting at either ZT4 or ZT6). Contrary to our initial expectations, we found that both electrolytic and ibotenic acid lesions significantly increased, rather than decreased, the amount of FAA expressed in lesioned rats. Despite increased FAA, lesioned rats did not eat significantly more during restricted feeding (RF) periods than control rats. Similar to controls, AlCa-lesioned rats showed negligible anticipatory activity to a restricted treat suggesting that the increased anticipatory activity in lesioned rats is associated with food restriction, rather than the appetitive value of the meal. Monitoring behaviour in an open field indicated that increased FAA in AlCa-lesioned rats was not explained by a general increase in locomotor activity. Together, these findings suggest that the AICa contributes to the network of brain regions involved in FAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. Gavrila
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology/FRSQ Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Suzanne Hood
- Department of Psychology, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Barry Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology/FRSQ Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shimon Amir
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology/FRSQ Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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50
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Canto CB, Onuki Y, Bruinsma B, van der Werf YD, De Zeeuw CI. The Sleeping Cerebellum. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:309-323. [PMID: 28431742 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We sleep almost one-third of our lives and sleep plays an important role in critical brain functions like memory formation and consolidation. The role of sleep in cerebellar processing, however, constitutes an enigma in the field of neuroscience; we know little about cerebellar sleep-physiology, cerebro-cerebellar interactions during sleep, or the contributions of sleep to cerebellum-dependent memory consolidation. Likewise, we do not understand why cerebellar malfunction can lead to changes in the sleep-wake cycle and sleep disorders. In this review, we evaluate how sleep and cerebellar processing may influence one another and highlight which scientific routes and technical approaches could be taken to uncover the mechanisms underlying these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin B Canto
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Yoshiyuki Onuki
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Bruinsma
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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