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McKimpson WM, Spiegel S, Mukhanova M, Kraakman M, Du W, Kitamoto T, Yu J, Deng Z, Pajvani U, Accili D. Calorie restriction activates a gastric Notch-FOXO1 pathway to expand ghrelin cells. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202305093. [PMID: 38958606 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202305093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction increases lifespan. Among the tissue-specific protective effects of calorie restriction, the impact on the gastrointestinal tract remains unclear. We report increased numbers of chromogranin A-positive (+), including orexigenic ghrelin+ cells, in the stomach of calorie-restricted mice. This effect was accompanied by increased Notch target Hes1 and Notch ligand Jag1 and was reversed by blocking Notch with DAPT, a gamma-secretase inhibitor. Primary cultures and genetically modified reporter mice show that increased endocrine cell abundance is due to altered Lgr5+ stem and Neurog3+ endocrine progenitor cell proliferation. Different from the intestine, calorie restriction decreased gastric Lgr5+ stem cells, while increasing a FOXO1/Neurog3+ subpopulation of endocrine progenitors in a Notch-dependent manner. Further, activation of FOXO1 was sufficient to promote endocrine cell differentiation independent of Notch. The Notch inhibitor PF-03084014 or ghrelin receptor antagonist GHRP-6 reversed the phenotypic effects of calorie restriction in mice. Tirzepatide additionally expanded ghrelin+ cells in mice. In summary, calorie restriction promotes Notch-dependent, FOXO1-regulated gastric endocrine cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy M McKimpson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Spiegel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Mukhanova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Kraakman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen Du
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takumi Kitamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junjie Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhaobin Deng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Utpal Pajvani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Shi Q, Xue C, Zeng Y, Yuan X, Chu Q, Jiang S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Li L. Notch signaling pathway in cancer: from mechanistic insights to targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:128. [PMID: 38797752 PMCID: PMC11128457 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling, renowned for its role in regulating cell fate, organ development, and tissue homeostasis across metazoans, is highly conserved throughout evolution. The Notch receptor and its ligands are transmembrane proteins containing epidermal growth factor-like repeat sequences, typically necessitating receptor-ligand interaction to initiate classical Notch signaling transduction. Accumulating evidence indicates that the Notch signaling pathway serves as both an oncogenic factor and a tumor suppressor in various cancer types. Dysregulation of this pathway promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in malignancies, closely linked to cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, the Notch signaling pathway contributes to maintaining stem-like properties in cancer cells, thereby enhancing cancer invasiveness. The regulatory role of the Notch signaling pathway in cancer metabolic reprogramming and the tumor microenvironment suggests its pivotal involvement in balancing oncogenic and tumor suppressive effects. Moreover, the Notch signaling pathway is implicated in conferring chemoresistance to tumor cells. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of these biological processes is crucial for developing innovative therapeutic strategies targeting Notch signaling. This review focuses on the research progress of the Notch signaling pathway in cancers, providing in-depth insights into the potential mechanisms of Notch signaling regulation in the occurrence and progression of cancer. Additionally, the review summarizes pharmaceutical clinical trials targeting Notch signaling for cancer therapy, aiming to offer new insights into therapeutic strategies for human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yifan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shuwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Krzysiek-Maczka G, Brzozowski T, Ptak-Belowska A. Helicobacter pylori-activated fibroblasts as a silent partner in gastric cancer development. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1219-1256. [PMID: 37460910 PMCID: PMC10713772 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection of gastric mucosa leading to active chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers, and MALT lymphoma laid the groundwork for understanding of the general relationship between chronic infection, inflammation, and cancer. Nevertheless, this sequence of events is still far from full understanding with new players and mediators being constantly identified. Originally, the Hp virulence factors affecting mainly gastric epithelium were proposed to contribute considerably to gastric inflammation, ulceration, and cancer. Furthermore, it has been shown that Hp possesses the ability to penetrate the mucus layer and directly interact with stroma components including fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. These cells, which are the source of biophysical and biochemical signals providing the proper balance between cell proliferation and differentiation within gastric epithelial stem cell compartment, when exposed to Hp, can convert into cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype. The crosstalk between fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with gastric epithelial cells including stem/progenitor cell niche involves several pathways mediated by non-coding RNAs, Wnt, BMP, TGF-β, and Notch signaling ligands. The current review concentrates on the consequences of Hp-induced increase in gastric fibroblast and myofibroblast number, and their activation towards CAFs with the emphasis to the altered communication between mesenchymal and epithelial cell compartment, which may lead to inflammation, epithelial stem cell overproliferation, disturbed differentiation, and gradual gastric cancer development. Thus, Hp-activated fibroblasts may constitute the target for anti-cancer treatment and, importantly, for the pharmacotherapies diminishing their activation particularly at the early stages of Hp infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracjana Krzysiek-Maczka
- Department of Physiology, the Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, the Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agata Ptak-Belowska
- Department of Physiology, the Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland
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Benedetti G, Jones BC, Sgualdino F, De Coppi P, Giobbe GG. Generation of human gastric assembloids from primary fetal organoids. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 40:6. [PMID: 37999863 PMCID: PMC10673726 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding human gastric epithelium homeostasis remains partial, motivating the exploration of innovative in vitro models. Recent literature showcases the potential of fetal stem cell-derived organoids in developmental and disease modelling and translational therapies. To scale the complexity of the model, we propose to generate assembloids, aiming to increase gastric maturation to provide new structural and functional insights. METHODS Human fetal gastric organoids (fGOs) were expanded in 3D Matrigel cultures. Confluent organoid cultures were released from the Matrigel dome and resuspended in a collagen I hydrogel. Subsequently, the organoid mixture was seeded in a ring shape within a 24-well plate and allowed to gelate. The structure was lifted in the medium and cultured in floating conditions, allowing for organoid self-assembling into a gastric assembloid. After 10 days of maturation, the assembloids were characterized by immunostaining and RT-PCR, comparing different fetal developmental stages. RESULTS Successful generation of human fetal gastric assembloids (fGAs) was achieved using spontaneous self-aggregation within the collagen I hydrogel. Immunostaining analysis of early and late fGAs showed the establishment of apico-basal cell polarity, secretion of gastric mucins, and the presence of chromogranin A in both samples. Transcriptional markers analysis revealed distinct disparities in markers associated with mature cell types between late and early fetal stages. CONCLUSIONS fGOs can reliably be generated from human fetal samples. This pioneering assembloid approach paves the way for advancing our comprehension of human gastric epithelium homeostasis and its perturbation, offering a better in vitro platform for the study of gastric epithelial development and therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Benedetti
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Brendan C Jones
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Sgualdino
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Giuseppe Giobbe
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Hibdon ES, Keeley TM, Merchant JL, Samuelson LC. The bHLH transcription factor ASCL1 promotes differentiation of endocrine cells in the stomach and is regulated by Notch signaling. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G458-G470. [PMID: 37698169 PMCID: PMC10887855 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00043.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling regulates gastrointestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation yet Notch-regulated transcriptional effectors of gastric epithelial cell differentiation are poorly understood. Here we tested the role of the bHLH transcription factor Achaete-Scute homolog 1 (ASCL1) in gastric epithelial cell differentiation, and its regulation by Notch. Newborn Ascl1 null mice showed a loss of expression of markers of neurogenin-3-dependent enteroendocrine cells, with normal expression of enterochromaffin-like cells, mucous cells, chief cells, and parietal cells. In adult mice, Ascl1 gene expression was observed in the stomach, but not the intestine, with higher expression in antral than corpus epithelium. Lineage tracing in Ascl1-CreERT2; Rosa26-LSL-tdTomato mice revealed single, scattered ASCL1+ cells in the gastric epithelium, demonstrating expression in antral gastrin- and serotonin-producing endocrine cells. ASCL1-expressing endocrine cells persisted for several weeks posttamoxifen labeling with a half-life of approximately 2 months. Lineage tracing in Gastrin-CreERT2 mice demonstrated a similar lifespan for gastrin-producing cells, confirming that gastric endocrine cells are long-lived. Finally, treatment of Ascl1-CreERT2; Rosa26-LSL-tdTomato mice with the pan-Notch inhibitor dibenzazepine increased the number of lineage-labeled cells in the gastric antrum, suggesting that Notch signaling normally inhibits Ascl1 expression. Notch regulation of Ascl1 was also demonstrated in a genetic mouse model of Notch activation, as well as Notch-manipulated antral organoid cultures, thus suggesting that ASCL1 is a key downstream Notch pathway effector promoting endocrine cell differentiation in the gastric epithelium.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although Notch signaling is known to regulate cellular differentiation in the stomach, downstream effectors are poorly described. Here we demonstrate that the bHLH transcription factor ASCL1 is expressed in endocrine cells in the stomach and is required for formation of neurogenin-3-dependent enteroendocrine cells but not enterochromaffin-like cells. We also demonstrate that Ascl1 expression is inhibited by Notch signaling, suggesting that ASCL1 is a Notch-regulated transcriptional effector directing enteroendocrine cell fate in the mouse stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise S Hibdon
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Juanita L Merchant
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Alvina FB, Chen TCY, Lim HYG, Barker N. Gastric epithelial stem cells in development, homeostasis and regeneration. Development 2023; 150:dev201494. [PMID: 37746871 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The stem/progenitor cell pool is indispensable for the development, homeostasis and regeneration of the gastric epithelium, owing to its defining ability to self-renew whilst supplying the various functional epithelial lineages needed to digest food efficiently. A detailed understanding of the intricacies and complexities surrounding the behaviours and roles of these stem cells offers insights, not only into the physiology of gastric epithelial development and maintenance, but also into the pathological consequences following aberrations in stem cell regulation. Here, we provide an insightful synthesis of the existing knowledge on gastric epithelial stem cell biology, including the in vitro and in vivo experimental techniques that have advanced such studies. We highlight the contributions of stem/progenitor cells towards patterning the developing stomach, specification of the differentiated cell lineages and maintenance of the mature epithelium during homeostasis and following injury. Finally, we discuss gaps in our understanding and identify key research areas for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidelia B Alvina
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tanysha Chi-Ying Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hui Yi Grace Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nick Barker
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117593, Republic of Singapore
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7
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McGowan KP, Delgado E, Hibdon ES, Samuelson LC. Differential sensitivity to Wnt signaling gradients in human gastric organoids derived from corpus and antrum. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G158-G173. [PMID: 37338119 PMCID: PMC10393332 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00092.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling regulates gastric stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Although similar Wnt gradients exist within the corpus and antrum of the human stomach, there are striking differences in gland architecture and disease manifestation that suggest Wnt may differentially regulate progenitor cell function in each compartment. In this study, we tested sensitivities to Wnt activation in human gastric corpus and antral organoids to determine whether progenitor cells have region-specific differences in Wnt responsiveness. Human patient-matched corpus and antral organoids were grown in the presence of varying concentrations of the Wnt pathway activator CHIR99021 to assess regional sensitivity to Wnt signaling on growth and proliferation. Corpus organoids were further studied to understand how high Wnt affected cellular differentiation and progenitor cell function. A lower concentration of CHIR99021 stimulated peak growth in corpus organoids compared with patient-matched antral organoids. Supramaximal Wnt signaling levels in corpus organoids suppressed proliferation, altered morphology, reduced surface cell differentiation, and increased differentiation of deep glandular neck and chief cells. Surprisingly, corpus organoids grown in high CHIR99021 had enhanced organoid forming potential, indicating that progenitor cell function was maintained in these nonproliferative, deep glandular cell-enriched organoids. Passaging high-Wnt quiescent organoids into low Wnt rescued normal growth, morphology, and surface cell differentiation. Our findings suggest that human corpus progenitor cells have a lower threshold for optimal Wnt signaling than antral progenitor cells. We demonstrate that Wnt signaling in the corpus regulates a bimodal axis of differentiation, with high Wnt promoting deep glandular cell differentiation and suppressing proliferation while simultaneously promoting progenitor cell function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that human gastric corpus organoids have a lower Wnt signaling threshold to drive optimal growth relative to patient-matched antral organoids. Paradoxically, supramaximal Wnt levels suppress corpus organoid proliferation, yet promote differentiation toward deep glandular cell types while simultaneously enhancing progenitor cell function. These findings provide novel insights into how Wnt signaling differentially regulates homeostasis in the human gastric corpus and antrum and contextualizes patterns of Wnt activation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P McGowan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Elizabeth Delgado
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Elise S Hibdon
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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8
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Yang R, Du Y, Kwan W, Yan R, Shi Q, Zang L, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Li C, Yu Y. A quick and reliable image-based AI algorithm for evaluating cellular senescence of gastric organoids. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0099. [PMID: 37417294 PMCID: PMC10466441 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Organoids are a powerful tool with broad application prospects in biomedicine. Notably, they provide alternatives to animal models for testing potential drugs before clinical trials. However, the number of passages for which organoids maintain cellular vitality ex vivo remains unclear. METHODS Herein, we constructed 55 gastric organoids from 35 individuals, serially passaged the organoids, and captured microscopic images for phenotypic evaluation. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal), cell diameter in suspension, and gene expression reflecting cell cycle regulation were examined. The YOLOv3 object detection algorithm integrated with a convolutional block attention module (CBAM) was used to evaluate organoid vitality. RESULTS SA-β-Gal staining intensity; single-cell diameter; and expression of p15, p16, p21, CCNA2, CCNE2, and LMNB1 reflected the progression of aging in organoids during passaging. The CBAM-YOLOv3 algorithm precisely evaluated aging organoids on the basis of organoid average diameter, organoid number, and number × diameter, and the findings positively correlated with SA-β-Gal staining and single-cell diameter. Organoids derived from normal gastric mucosa had limited passaging ability (passages 1-5), before aging, whereas tumor organoids showed unlimited passaging potential for more than 45 passages (511 days) without showing clear senescence. CONCLUSIONS Given the lack of indicators for evaluating organoid growth status, we established a reliable approach for integrated analysis of phenotypic parameters that uses an artificial intelligence algorithm to indicate organoid vitality. This method enables precise evaluation of organoid status in biomedical studies and monitoring of living biobanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Yang
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yutong Du
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wingyan Kwan
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ranlin Yan
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qimeng Shi
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lu Zang
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Liu M, Liu Q, Zou Q, Li J, Chu Z, Xiang J, Chen WQ, Miao ZF, Wang B. The composition and roles of gastric stem cells in epithelial homeostasis, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023:10.1007/s13402-023-00802-z. [PMID: 37010700 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial lining of the stomach undergoes rapid turnover to preserve its structural and functional integrity, a process driven by long-lived stem cells residing in the antral and corpus glands. Several subpopulations of gastric stem cells have been identified and their phenotypic and functional diversities linked to spatiotemporal specification of stem cells niches. Here, we review the biological features of gastric stem cells at various locations of the stomach under homeostatic conditions, as demonstrated by reporter mice, lineage tracing, and single cell sequencing. We also review the role of gastric stem cells in epithelial regeneration in response to injury. Moreover, we discuss emerging evidence demonstrating that accumulation of oncogenic drivers or alteration of stemness signaling pathways in gastric stem cells promotes gastric cancer. Given a fundamental role of the microenvironment, this review highlights the role reprogramming of niche components and signaling pathways under pathological conditions in dictating stem cell fate. Several outstanding issues are raised, such as the relevance of stem cell heterogeneity and plasticity, and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, to Helicobacter pylori infection-initiated metaplasia-carcinogenesis cascades. With the development of spatiotemporal genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, as well as multiplexed screening and tracing approaches, we anticipate that more precise definition and characterization of gastric stem cells, and the crosstalk with their niche will be delineated in the near future. Rational exploitation and proper translation of these findings may bring forward novel modalities for epithelial rejuvenation and cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Tumor Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Jinyang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Zhaole Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Feng Miao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China.
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, P. R. China.
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10
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Liu Z, Lei J, Wu T, Hu W, Zheng M, Wang Y, Song J, Ruan H, Xu L, Ren T, Xu W, Wen Z. Lipogenesis promotes mitochondrial fusion and maintains cancer stemness in human NSCLC. JCI Insight 2023; 8:158429. [PMID: 36809297 PMCID: PMC10070109 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are critically involved in cancer metastasis and chemoresistance, acting as one major obstacle in clinical practice. While accumulating studies have implicated the metabolic reprogramming of CSCs, mitochondrial dynamics in such cells remain poorly understood. Here we pinpointed OPA1hi with mitochondrial fusion as a metabolic feature of human lung CSCs, licensing their stem-like properties. Specifically, human lung CSCs exerted enhanced lipogenesis, inducing OPA1 expression via transcription factor SAM Pointed Domain containing ETS transcription Factor (SPDEF). In consequence, OPA1hi promoted mitochondrial fusion and stemness of CSCs. Such lipogenesishi, SPDEFhi, and OPA1hi metabolic adaptions were verified with primary CSCs from lung cancer patients. Accordingly, blocking lipogenesis and mitochondrial fusion efficiently impeded CSC expansion and growth of organoids derived from patients with lung cancer. Together, lipogenesis regulates mitochondrial dynamics via OPA1 for controlling CSCs in human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxin Lei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingdong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Ruan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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11
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McKimpson WM, Spiegel S, Mukhanova M, Kraakman M, Du W, Kitamoto T, Yu J, Pajvani U, Accili D. Calorie Restriction activates a gastric Notch-FOXO1 pathway to expand Ghrelin cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531352. [PMID: 36945500 PMCID: PMC10028817 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction increases lifespan. While some tissue-specific protective effects of calorie restriction have been described, the impact of calorie restriction on the gastrointestinal tract remains unclear. We found increased abundance of chromogranin A+, including orexigenic ghrelin+, endocrine cells in the stomach of calorie-restricted mice. This effect coincided with increased Notch target Hes1 and Notch ligand Jag1 and was reversed when Notch signaling was blocked using the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT. Using primary cultures and genetically-modified reporter mice, we determined that increased endocrine cell abundance was due to altered stem and progenitor proliferation. Different from the intestine, calorie restriction decreased gastric Lgr5+ stem cells, while increasing a FOXO1/Neurog3+ subpopulation of endocrine progenitors in a Notch-dependent manner. Further, calorie restriction triggered nuclear localization of FOXO1, which was sufficient to promote endocrine cell differentiation. Taken together, the data indicate that calorie restriction promotes gastric endocrine cell differentiation triggered by active Notch signaling and regulated by FOXO1.
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12
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Chai H, Pan C, Zhang M, Huo H, Shan H, Wu J. Histone methyltransferase SETD1A interacts with notch and promotes notch transactivation to augment ovarian cancer development. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:96. [PMID: 36707804 PMCID: PMC9883963 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High expression of SETD1A, a histone methyltransferase that specifically methylates H3K4, acted as a key oncogene in several human cancers. However, the function and underlying molecular mechanism of SETD1A in ovarian cancer (OV) remain markedly unknown. METHODS The expression of SETD1A in OV were detected by Western blot and analyzed online, and the prognosis of STED1A in OV were analyzed online. The protein and mRNA levels were determined by Western blot and RT-qPCR. The cell proliferatin, migration and invasion were measured by CCK-8 and transwell assays. The protein interaction was detected by co-IP assay. The interaction between protein and DNA was performed by ChIP assay. The tumor growth in vivo was performed by xenograft tumor model. RESULTS SETD1A was overexpressed in OV and a predictor of poor prognosis. Overexpression of SETD1A augmented the abilities of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in MRG1 and OVCAR5 cells. In comparison, SETD1A knockdown suppressed cell growth, migration, and invasion in SKOV3 and Caov3 cells. Specifically, SETD1A enhanced Notch signaling by promoting the expression of Notch target genes, such as Hes1, Hey1, Hey2, and Heyl. Mechanistically, SETD1A interacted with Notch1 and methylated H3K4me3 at Notch1 targets to enhance Notch signaling. In addition, restoration of Notch1 in SETD1A-knockdown OV cells recovered cell proliferation, migration and invasion, which was inhibited by SETD1A knockdown. Furthermore, reduction of SETD1A suppressed tumorigenesis in vivo. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results highlighted the key role of SETD1A in OV development and proved that SETD1A promotes OV development by enhancing Notch1 signaling, indicating that SETD1A may be a novel target for OV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Chai
- grid.412523.30000 0004 0386 9086Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunpeng Pan
- grid.412523.30000 0004 0386 9086Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haizhong Huo
- grid.412523.30000 0004 0386 9086Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Shan
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242, Guangji Road, 215000 Suzhou, China
| | - Jugang Wu
- grid.412523.30000 0004 0386 9086Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Qiu Y, Phanor SK, Pyo S, Cheng CW. Modeling Notch Activity and Lineage Decisions Using Intestinal Organoids. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2650:123-132. [PMID: 37310628 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3076-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organoid cultures have been developed to model intestinal stem cell (ISC) function in self-renewal and differentiation. Upon differentiation, the first fate decision for ISC and early progenitors to make is between secretory (Paneth cell, goblet cell, enteroendocrine cell, or tuft cell) and absorptive (enterocyte and M cell) lineages. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, in vivo studies in the past decade have revealed that Notch signaling functions as a binary switch for the secretory vs. absorptive lineage decision in adult intestine. Recent breakthroughs in organoid-based assays enable real-time observation of smaller-scale and higher-throughput experiments in vitro, which have begun contributing to new understandings of mechanistic principles underlying intestinal differentiation. In this chapter, we summarize the in vivo and in vitro tools for modulating Notch signaling and assess its impact on intestinal cell fate. We also provide example protocols of how to use intestinal organoids as functional assays to study Notch activity in intestinal lineage decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Qiu
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabrina K Phanor
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Subin Pyo
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Cheng
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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14
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Jiang Y, Guo K, Wang P, Zhu Y, Huang J, Ruan S. The antitumor properties of atractylenolides: Molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113699. [PMID: 36116253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs that exhibit a high degree of tumor cell selectivity while minimizing normal cell toxicity are an area of active research interest as a means of designing novel antitumor agents. The pharmacological benefits of Chinese herbal medicine-based treatments have been the focus of growing research interest in recent years. Sesquiterpenoids derived from the Atractylodes macrocephala volatile oil preparations exhibit in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. Atracylenolides exhibit anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic, and immunomodulatory activity in a range of tumor cell lines in addition to being capable of regulating metabolic activity such that it is a promising candidate drug for the treatment of diverse cancers. The present review provides a summary of recent advances in Atractylenolide-focused antitumor research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Kaibo Guo
- Department of Oncology, Affilited Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Shanming Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China.
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15
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Lineage Tracing and Molecular Real-Time Imaging of Cancer Stem Cells. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090703. [PMID: 36140088 PMCID: PMC9496355 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cells (CSC) are the roots of cancer. The CSC hypothesis may provide a model to explain the tumor cell heterogeneity. Understand the biological mechanism of CSC will help the early detection and cure of cancer. The discovery of the dynamic changes in CSC will be possible by the using of bio-engineering techniques-lineage tracing. However, it is difficult to obtain real-time, continuous, and dynamic live-imaging information using the traditional approaches that take snapshots of time points from different animals. The goal of molecular imaging is to monitor the in situ, continuous molecular changes of cells in vivo. Therefore, the most advanced bioengineering lineage tracing approach, while using a variety of molecular detection methods, will maximize the presentation of CSC. In this review, we first introduce the method of lineage tracing, and then introduce the various components of molecular images to dynamic detect the CSC. Finally, we analyze the current situation and look forward the future of CSC detection.
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16
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Idowu S, Bertrand PP, Walduck AK. Gastric organoids: Advancing the study of H. pylori pathogenesis and inflammation. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12891. [PMID: 35384141 PMCID: PMC9287064 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For decades, traditional in vitro and in vivo models used for the study of Helicobacter pylori infection have relied heavily on the use of gastric cancer cell lines and rodents. Major challenges faced by these methods have been the inability to study cancer initiation in already cancerous cell lines, and the difficulty in translating results obtained in animal models due to genetic differences. These challenges have prevented a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and slowed the development of cancer therapies and a suitable vaccine against the pathogen. In recent years, the development of gastric organoids has provided great advantages over the traditional in vivo and in vitro models due to their similarities to the human stomach in vivo, their ease of use, and the capacity for long-term culture. This review discusses the advantages and limitations of existing in vivo and in vitro models of H. pylori infection, and how gastric organoids have been applied to study H. pylori pathogenesis, with a focus on how the pathogen interacts with the gastric epithelium, inflammatory processes, epithelial repair, and cancer initiation. The potential applications of organoids to address more complex questions on the role of hormones, vaccine-induced immunity are also discussed.
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17
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Hoffmann W. Self-Renewal and Cancers of the Gastric Epithelium: An Update and the Role of the Lectin TFF1 as an Antral Tumor Suppressor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105377. [PMID: 35628183 PMCID: PMC9141172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2020, gastric cancer was the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths globally. About 90% of gastric cancers are sporadic and the vast majority are correlated with Helicobacter pylori infection; whereas familial clustering is observed in about 10% of cases. Gastric cancer is now considered to be a disease originating from dysregulated self-renewal of the gastric glands in the setting of an inflammatory environment. The human stomach contains two types of gastric units, which show bi-directional self-renewal from a complex variety of stem cells. This review focuses on recent progress concerning the characterization of the different stem cell populations and the mainly mesenchymal signals triggering their stepwise differentiation as well as the genesis of pre-cancerous lesions and carcinogenesis. Furthermore, a model is presented (Lectin-triggered Receptor Blocking Hypothesis) explaining the role of the lectin TFF1 as an antral tumor suppressor possibly regulating Lgr5+ antral stem cells in a paracrine or maybe autocrine fashion, with neighboring antral gland cells having a role as niche cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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18
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Morphogen Signals Shaping the Gastric Glands in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073632. [PMID: 35408991 PMCID: PMC8998987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult gastric mucosa is characterised by deep invaginations of the epithelium called glands. These tissue architectural elements are maintained with the contribution of morphogen signals. Morphogens are expressed in specific areas of the tissue, and their diffusion generates gradients in the microenvironment. Cells at different positions in the gland sense a specific combination of signals that instruct them to differentiate, proliferate, regenerate, or migrate. Differentiated cells perform specific functions involved in digestion, such as the production of protective mucus and the secretion of digestive enzymes or gastric acid. Biopsies from gastric precancerous conditions usually display tissue aberrations and change the shape of the glands. Alteration of the morphogen signalling microenvironment is likely to underlie those conditions. Furthermore, genes involved in morphogen signalling pathways are found to be frequently mutated in gastric cancer. We summarise the most recent findings regarding alterations of morphogen signalling during gastric carcinogenesis, and we highlight the new stem cell technologies that are improving our understanding of the regulation of human tissue shape.
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19
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Notch signaling pathway: architecture, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:95. [PMID: 35332121 PMCID: PMC8948217 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NOTCH gene was identified approximately 110 years ago. Classical studies have revealed that NOTCH signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway. NOTCH receptors undergo three cleavages and translocate into the nucleus to regulate the transcription of target genes. NOTCH signaling deeply participates in the development and homeostasis of multiple tissues and organs, the aberration of which results in cancerous and noncancerous diseases. However, recent studies indicate that the outcomes of NOTCH signaling are changeable and highly dependent on context. In terms of cancers, NOTCH signaling can both promote and inhibit tumor development in various types of cancer. The overall performance of NOTCH-targeted therapies in clinical trials has failed to meet expectations. Additionally, NOTCH mutation has been proposed as a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade therapy in many cancers. Collectively, the NOTCH pathway needs to be integrally assessed with new perspectives to inspire discoveries and applications. In this review, we focus on both classical and the latest findings related to NOTCH signaling to illustrate the history, architecture, regulatory mechanisms, contributions to physiological development, related diseases, and therapeutic applications of the NOTCH pathway. The contributions of NOTCH signaling to the tumor immune microenvironment and cancer immunotherapy are also highlighted. We hope this review will help not only beginners but also experts to systematically and thoroughly understand the NOTCH signaling pathway.
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20
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Homeostasis and Cancer Initiation: Organoids as Models to Study the Initiation of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052790. [PMID: 35269931 PMCID: PMC8911327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer represents a significant disease burden worldwide. The factors that initiate cancer are not well understood. Chronic inflammation such as that triggered by H. pylori infection is the most significant cause of gastric cancer. In recent years, organoid cultures developed from human and animal adult stem cells have facilitated great advances in our understanding of gastric homeostasis. Organoid models are now being exploited to investigate the role of host genetics and bacterial factors on proliferation and DNA damage in gastric stem cells. The impact of a chronic inflammatory state on gastric stem cells and the stroma has been less well addressed. This review discusses what we have learned from the use of organoid models to investigate cancer initiation, and highlights questions on the contribution of the microbiota, chronic inflammatory milieu, and stromal cells that can now be addressed by more complex coculture models.
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21
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Jiang W, Sun M, Wang Y, Zheng M, Yuan Z, Mai S, Zhang X, Tang L, Liu X, Wang C, Wen Z. Critical Role of Notch-1 in Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Hyperactivity and Vascular Inflammation in Patients With Takayasu Arteritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1235-1244. [PMID: 35212196 DOI: 10.1002/art.42103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a major type of large vessel vasculitis characterized by progressive inflammation in vascular layers. In our recent study we identified a central role of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) hyperactivity in proinflammatory T cell differentiation in TA. This study was undertaken to explore potential mechanisms underpinning T cell-intrinsic mTOR hyperactivity and vascular inflammation in TA, with a focus on Notch-1. METHODS Notch-1 expression and activity was determined according to Notch-1, activated Notch-1, and HES-1 levels. We detected mTOR activity with intracellular expression of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6. Differentiation of proinflammatory T cells was analyzed by detecting Th1 and Th17 lineage-determining transcription factors. The function of Notch-1 was evaluated using γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT and gene knockdown using a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) strategy. We performed our translational study using humanized NSG mouse chimeras in which human vasculitis was induced using immune cells from TA patients. RESULTS CD4+ T cells from TA patients exerted Notch-1high , leading to mTOR hyperactivity and spontaneous maldifferentiation of Th1 cells and Th17 cells. Blockade of Notch-1 using DAPT and Notch-1 shRNA efficiently abrogated mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activation and proinflammatory T cell differentiation. Mechanistically, Notch-1 promoted mTOR expression, interacted with mTOR, and was associated with lysosomal localization of mTOR. Accordingly, systemic administration of DAPT and CD4+ T cell-specific gene knockdown of Notch-1 could alleviate vascular inflammation in humanized TA chimeras. CONCLUSION Expression of Notch-1 is elevated in CD4+ T cells from TA patients, resulting in mTORC1 hyperactivity and proinflammatory T cell differentiation. Targeting Notch-1 is a promising therapeutic strategy for the clinical management of TA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mengyao Sun
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | | | | | - Shixiong Mai
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Xiyu Liu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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22
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Moving Up a NOTCH: Defining the Stem Cell Niche in the Gastric Antrum. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:339-340. [PMID: 34728187 PMCID: PMC8703116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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23
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Horita N, Keeley TM, Hibdon ES, Delgado E, Lafkas D, Siebel CW, Samuelson LC. Delta-like 1-Expressing Cells at the Gland Base Promote Proliferation of Gastric Antral Stem Cells in Mouse. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:275-287. [PMID: 34438113 PMCID: PMC8599166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Notch pathway signaling maintains gastric epithelial cell homeostasis by regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. We previously identified NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 as the key Notch receptors controlling gastric stem cell function. Here, we identify the niche cells and critical Notch ligand responsible for regulating stem cell proliferation in the distal mouse stomach. METHODS Expression of Notch ligands in the gastric antrum was determined by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and cellular localization was determined by in situ hybridization and immunostaining. The contribution of specific Notch ligands to regulate epithelial cell proliferation in adult mice was determined by inducible gene deletion, or by pharmacologic inhibition using antibodies directed against specific Notch ligands. Mouse gastric organoid cultures were used to confirm that Notch ligand signaling was epithelial specific. RESULTS Delta-like 1 (DLL1) and Jagged 1 (JAG1) were the most abundantly expressed Notch ligands in the adult mouse stomach, with DLL1 restricted to the antral gland base and JAG1 localized to the upper gland region. Inhibition of DLL1 alone or in combination with other Notch ligands significantly reduced epithelial cell proliferation and the growth of gastric antral organoids, while inhibition of the other Notch ligands, DLL4, JAG1, and JAG2, did not affect proliferation or organoid growth. Similarly, DLL1, and not DLL4, regulated proliferation of LGR5+ antral stem cells, which express the NOTCH1 receptor. CONCLUSIONS DLL1 is the key Notch ligand regulating epithelial cell proliferation in the gastric antrum. We propose that DLL1-expressing cells at the gland base are Notch niche cells that signal to adjacent LGR5+ antral stem cells to regulate stem cell proliferation and epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobukatsu Horita
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elise S Hibdon
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth Delgado
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel Lafkas
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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24
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Li K, Wu H, Wang A, Charron J, Mishina Y, Habib SL, Liu H, Li B. mTOR signaling regulates gastric epithelial progenitor homeostasis and gastric tumorigenesis via MEK1-ERKs and BMP-Smad1 pathways. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109069. [PMID: 33951440 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
mTOR, the sensor of nutrients and growth factors, has important roles in tissue homeostasis and tumorigenesis. However, how mTOR controls gastric epithelial cell turnover and gastric cancer development, a leading malignancy, remains poorly understood. Here, we provide genetic evidence that mTOR activation promotes proliferation and inhibits differentiation of Lgr5+ gastric epithelial progenitors (GEPs) in gastric homeostasis and tumorigenesis. mTOR signaling increases MEK1 and Smad1 expression and enhances activation of MEK1-ERKs and BMP-Smad1 pathways, respectively, in GEPs and gastric tumors. Mek1 deletion or inhibition rescues hyperproliferation, whereas Bmpr1a ablation or inhibition rescues differentiation defects of Tsc1-/- GEPs. Tsc1 deficiency in Lgr5+ GEPs accelerates gastric tumor initiation and development, which require MEK1-ERKs for hyperplasia and BMP-Smad1 for differentiation suppression. These findings reveal how mTOR signaling controls Lgr5+ GEP homeostasis and cancerization and suggest that ERKs and Smad1 signaling can be safely targeted to substitute mTOR inhibitors in gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongguang Wu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jean Charron
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9 rue McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Samy L Habib
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Baojie Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Bio-X-Renji Hospital Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell Research, the Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China.
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25
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Pu Y, Song Y, Zhang M, Long C, Li J, Wang Y, Xu Y, Pan F, Zhao N, Zhang X, Xu Y, Cui J, Wang H, Li Y, Zhao Y, Jin D, Zhang H. GOLM1 restricts colitis and colon tumorigenesis by ensuring Notch signaling equilibrium in intestinal homeostasis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:148. [PMID: 33850109 PMCID: PMC8044123 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelium serves as the first barrier against the infections and injuries that mediate colonic inflammation. Colorectal cancer is often accompanied with chronic inflammation. Differed from its well-known oncogenic role in many malignancies, we present here that Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1, also referred to as GP73) suppresses colorectal tumorigenesis via maintenance of intestinal epithelial barrier. GOLM1 deficiency in mice conferred susceptibility to mucosal inflammation and colitis-induced epithelial damage, which consequently promoted colon cancer. Mechanistically, depletion of GOLM1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) led to aberrant Notch activation that interfered with IEC differentiation, maturation, and lineage commitment in mice. Pharmacological inhibition of Notch pathway alleviated epithelial lesions and restrained pro-tumorigenic inflammation in GOLM1-deficient mice. Therefore, GOLM1 maintains IEC homeostasis and protects against colitis and colon tumorigenesis by modulating the equilibrium of Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Pu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Song
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caifeng Long
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinzhe Xu
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Pan
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Cui
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Jin
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Kunze B, Middelhoff M, Maurer HC, Agibalova T, Anand A, Bührer AM, Fang HY, Baumeister T, Steiger K, Strangmann J, Schmid RM, Wang TC, Quante M. Notch signaling drives development of Barrett's metaplasia from Dclk1-positive epithelial tuft cells in the murine gastric mucosa. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4509. [PMID: 33627749 PMCID: PMC7904766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), but its cellular origin and mechanism of neoplastic progression remain unresolved. Notch signaling, which plays a key role in regulating intestinal stem cell maintenance, has been implicated in a number of cancers. The kinase Dclk1 labels epithelial post-mitotic tuft cells at the squamo-columnar junction (SCJ), and has also been proposed to contribute to epithelial tumor growth. Here, we find that genetic activation of intracellular Notch signaling in epithelial Dclk1-positive tuft cells resulted in the accelerated development of metaplasia and dysplasia in a mouse model of BE (pL2.Dclk1.N2IC mice). In contrast, genetic ablation of Notch receptor 2 in Dclk1-positive cells delayed BE progression (pL2.Dclk1.N2fl mice), and led to increased secretory cell differentiation. The accelerated BE progression in pL2.Dclk1.N2IC mice correlated with changes to the transcriptomic landscape, most notably for the activation of oncogenic, proliferative pathways in BE tissues, in contrast to upregulated Wnt signalling in pL2.Dclk1.N2fl mice. Collectively, our data show that Notch activation in Dclk1-positive tuft cells in the gastric cardia can contribute to BE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Kunze
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Middelhoff
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - H Carlo Maurer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatiana Agibalova
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Akanksha Anand
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Bührer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hsin-Yu Fang
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Baumeister
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Strangmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Quante
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Gastrointestinale Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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27
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Traulsen J, Zagami C, Daddi AA, Boccellato F. Molecular modelling of the gastric barrier response, from infection to carcinogenesis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 50-51:101737. [PMID: 33975688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2021.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lining of the stomach is a tight monolayer of epithelial cells performing functions in digestion and a protective barrier against gastric acid, toxic metabolites and infectious agents, including Helicobacter pylori. The response of the epithelial barrier to infections underlies gastric pathologies, including gastric cancer. H. pylori has the unique capacity to colonise the gastric mucosa while evading the immune system. The colonised mucosa initiates an inflammatory response to fight the infection and a strong regenerative program to avoid barrier failure and ulceration. This response changes the morphology and cell composition of the gastric epithelium and in parallel it might contribute to the accumulation of somatic mutations leading to cellular transformation. Genetically modified mice, cell lines and human-derived organoids are the main biological models to study the gastric epithelial barrier. With these models it is possible to dissect the stepwise process of tissue adaptation to infection that places the epithelium at risk of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Traulsen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Claudia Zagami
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Alice Anna Daddi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Francesco Boccellato
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
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28
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Serrano Martinez P, Giuranno L, Vooijs M, Coppes RP. The Radiation-Induced Regenerative Response of Adult Tissue-Specific Stem Cells: Models and Signaling Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040855. [PMID: 33670536 PMCID: PMC7921940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is involved in the treatment of many cancers, but damage induced to the surrounding normal tissue is often inevitable. Evidence suggests that the maintenance of homeostasis and regeneration of the normal tissue is driven by specific adult tissue stem/progenitor cells. These tasks involve the input from several signaling pathways. Irradiation also targets these stem/progenitor cells, triggering a cellular response aimed at achieving tissue regeneration. Here we discuss the currently used in vitro and in vivo models and the involved specific tissue stem/progenitor cell signaling pathways to study the response to irradiation. The combination of the use of complex in vitro models that offer high in vivo resemblance and lineage tracing models, which address organ complexity constitute potential tools for the study of the stem/progenitor cellular response post-irradiation. The Notch, Wnt, Hippo, Hedgehog, and autophagy signaling pathways have been found as crucial for driving stem/progenitor radiation-induced tissue regeneration. We review how these signaling pathways drive the response of solid tissue-specific stem/progenitor cells to radiotherapy and the used models to address this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Serrano Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems-Section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorena Giuranno
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Marc Vooijs
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (R.P.C.)
| | - Robert P. Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems-Section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (R.P.C.)
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29
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An Embryonic Zebrafish Model to Screen Disruption of Gut-Vascular Barrier upon Exposure to Ambient Ultrafine Particles. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040107. [PMID: 33228016 PMCID: PMC7711522 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have linked exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) with gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Ambient ultrafine particles (UFP) are the redox-active sub-fraction of PM2.5, harboring elemental and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from urban environmental sources including diesel and gasoline exhausts. The gut-vascular barrier (GVB) regulates paracellular trafficking and systemic dissemination of ingested microbes and toxins. Here, we posit that acute UFP ingestion disrupts the integrity of the intestinal barrier by modulating intestinal Notch activation. Using zebrafish embryos, we performed micro-gavage with the fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-conjugated dextran (FD10, 10 kDa) to assess the disruption of GVB integrity upon UFP exposure. Following micro-gavage, FD10 retained in the embryonic GI system, migrated through the cloaca. Conversely, co-gavaging UFP increased transmigration of FD10 across the intestinal barrier, and FD10 fluorescence occurred in the venous capillary plexus. Ingestion of UFP further impaired the mid-intestine morphology. We performed micro-angiogram of FD10 to corroborate acute UFP-mediated disruption of GVB. Transient genetic and pharmacologic manipulations of global Notch activity suggested Notch regulation of the GVB. Overall, our integration of a genetically tractable embryonic zebrafish and micro-gavage technique provided epigenetic insights underlying ambient UFP ingestion disrupts the GVB.
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30
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Meisel CT, Porcheri C, Mitsiadis TA. Cancer Stem Cells, Quo Vadis? The Notch Signaling Pathway in Tumor Initiation and Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081879. [PMID: 32796631 PMCID: PMC7463613 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation, cytodifferentiation and cell fate decisions in both embryonic and adult life. Several aspects of stem cell maintenance are dependent from the functionality and fine tuning of the Notch pathway. In cancer, Notch is specifically involved in preserving self-renewal and amplification of cancer stem cells, supporting the formation, spread and recurrence of the tumor. As the function of Notch signaling is context dependent, we here provide an overview of its activity in a variety of tumors, focusing mostly on its role in the maintenance of the undifferentiated subset of cancer cells. Finally, we analyze the potential of molecules of the Notch pathway as diagnostic and therapeutic tools against the various cancers.
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31
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Kunze B, Wein F, Fang HY, Anand A, Baumeister T, Strangmann J, Gerland S, Ingermann J, Münch NS, Wiethaler M, Sahm V, Hidalgo-Sastre A, Lange S, Lightdale CJ, Bokhari A, Falk GW, Friedman RA, Ginsberg GG, Iyer PG, Jin Z, Nakagawa H, Shawber CJ, Nguyen T, Raab WJ, Dalerba P, Rustgi AK, Sepulveda AR, Wang KK, Schmid RM, Wang TC, Abrams JA, Quante M. Notch Signaling Mediates Differentiation in Barrett's Esophagus and Promotes Progression to Adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:575-590. [PMID: 32325086 PMCID: PMC7484392 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Studies are needed to determine the mechanism by which Barrett's esophagus (BE) progresses to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Notch signaling maintains stem cells in the gastrointestinal tract and is dysregulated during carcinogenesis. We explored the relationship between Notch signaling and goblet cell maturation, a feature of BE, during EAC pathogenesis. METHODS We measured goblet cell density and levels of Notch messenger RNAs in BE tissues from 164 patients, with and without dysplasia or EAC, enrolled in a multicenter study. We analyzed the effects of conditional expression of an activated form of NOTCH2 (pL2.Lgr5.N2IC), conditional deletion of NOTCH2 (pL2.Lgr5.N2fl/fl), or loss of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) (pL2.Lgr5.p65fl/fl), in Lgr5+ (progenitor) cells in L2-IL1B mice (which overexpress interleukin 1 beta in esophagus and squamous forestomach and are used as a model of BE). We collected esophageal and stomach tissues and performed histology, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, transcriptome, and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. Cardia and forestomach tissues from mice were cultured as organoids and incubated with inhibitors of Notch or NF-kB. RESULTS Progression of BE to EAC was associated with a significant reduction in goblet cell density comparing nondysplastic regions of tissues from patients; there was an inverse correlation between goblet cell density and levels of NOTCH3 and JAG2 messenger RNA. In mice, expression of the activated intracellular form of NOTCH2 in Lgr5+ cells reduced goblet-like cell maturation, increased crypt fission, and accelerated the development of tumors in the squamocolumnar junction. Mice with deletion of NOTCH2 from Lgr5+ cells had increased maturation of goblet-like cells, reduced crypt fission, and developed fewer tumors. Esophageal tissues from in pL2.Lgr5.N2IC mice had increased levels of RelA (which encodes the p65 unit of NF-κB) compared to tissues from L2-IL1B mice, and we found evidence of increased NF-κB activity in Lgr5+ cells. Esophageal tissues from pL2.Lgr5.p65fl/fl mice had lower inflammation and metaplasia scores than pL2.Lgr5.N2IC mice. In organoids derived from pL2-IL1B mice, the NF-κB inhibitor JSH-23 reduced cell survival and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Notch signaling contributes to activation of NF-κB and regulates differentiation of gastric cardia progenitor cells in a mouse model of BE. In human esophageal tissues, progression of BE to EAC was associated with reduced goblet cell density and increased levels of Notch expression. Strategies to block this pathway might be developed to prevent EAC in patients with BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Kunze
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universitat München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frederik Wein
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universitat München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hsin-Yu Fang
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universitat München, Munich, Germany
| | - Akanksha Anand
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universitat München, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Baumeister
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universitat München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Strangmann
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universitat München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Gerland
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universitat München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Ingermann
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universitat München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Maria Wiethaler
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universitat München, Munich, Germany
| | - Vincenz Sahm
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universitat München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Hidalgo-Sastre
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universitat München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lange
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universitat München, Munich, Germany
| | - Charles J Lightdale
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Aqiba Bokhari
- Yosemite Pathology Medical Group, Modesto, California
| | - Gary W Falk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard A Friedman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Gregory G Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Prasad G Iyer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zhezhen Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Carrie J Shawber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - TheAnh Nguyen
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - William J Raab
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Piero Dalerba
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Antonia R Sepulveda
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth K Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Roland M Schmid
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universitat München, Munich, Germany
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Julian A Abrams
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York.
| | - Michael Quante
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universitat München, Munich, Germany.
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32
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Bohin N, Keeley TM, Carulli AJ, Walker EM, Carlson EA, Gao J, Aifantis I, Siebel CW, Rajala MW, Myers MG, Jones JC, Brindley CD, Dempsey PJ, Samuelson LC. Rapid Crypt Cell Remodeling Regenerates the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche after Notch Inhibition. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:156-170. [PMID: 32531190 PMCID: PMC7363878 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal crypts have great capacity for repair and regeneration after intestinal stem cell (ISC) injury. Here, we define the cellular remodeling process resulting from ISC niche interruption by transient Notch pathway inhibition in adult mice. Although ISCs were retained, lineage tracing demonstrated a marked reduction in ISC function after Notch disruption. Surprisingly, Notch ligand-expressing Paneth cells were rapidly lost by apoptotic cell death. The ISC-Paneth cell changes were followed by a regenerative response, characterized by expansion of cells expressing Notch ligands Dll1 and Dll4, enhanced Notch signaling, and a proliferative surge. Lineage tracing and organoid studies showed that Dll1-expressing cells were activated to function as multipotential progenitors, generating both absorptive and secretory cells and replenishing the vacant Paneth cell pool. Our analysis uncovered a dynamic, multicellular remodeling response to acute Notch inhibition to repair the niche and restore homeostasis. Notably, this crypt regenerative response did not require ISC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Bohin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexis J Carulli
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily M Walker
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Carlson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Christian W Siebel
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michael W Rajala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Medical School, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Constance D Brindley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Medical School, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Peter J Dempsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Medical School, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Holmes G, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Lu N, Zhou X, Rivera J, Kriti D, Sebra R, Williams AA, Donovan MJ, Potter SS, Pinto D, Zhang B, van Bakel H, Jabs EW. Integrated Transcriptome and Network Analysis Reveals Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Calvarial Suturogenesis. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107871. [PMID: 32640236 PMCID: PMC7379176 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial abnormalities often involve sutures, the growth centers of the skull. To characterize the organization and processes governing their development, we profile the murine frontal suture, a model for sutural growth and fusion, at the tissue- and single-cell level on embryonic days (E)16.5 and E18.5. For the wild-type suture, bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis identifies mesenchyme-, osteogenic front-, and stage-enriched genes and biological processes, as well as alternative splicing events modifying the extracellular matrix. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis distinguishes multiple subpopulations, of which five define a mesenchyme-osteoblast differentiation trajectory and show variation along the anteroposterior axis. Similar analyses of in vivo mouse models of impaired frontal suturogenesis in Saethre-Chotzen and Apert syndromes, Twist1+/- and Fgfr2+/S252W, demonstrate distinct transcriptional changes involving angiogenesis and ribogenesis, respectively. Co-expression network analysis reveals gene expression modules from which we validate key driver genes regulating osteoblast differentiation. Our study provides a global approach to gain insights into suturogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Holmes
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Ana S Gonzalez-Reiche
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Na Lu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xianxiao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joshua Rivera
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Divya Kriti
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anthony A Williams
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael J Donovan
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - S Steven Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, and Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Wu X, Zou S, Wu F, He Z, Kong W. Role of microRNA in inner ear stem cells and related research progress. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2020; 9:16-24. [PMID: 32419976 PMCID: PMC7218733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Deafness is one of the major global health problems that seriously affects the quality of human life. At present, there are no successful treatments for deafness caused by cochlear hair cell (HC) damage. The irreversibility of mammalian hearing impairment is that the inner ear's sensory epithelium cannot repair lost hair cells and neurons through spontaneous regeneration. The goal of stem cell therapy for sensorineural hearing loss is to reconstruct the damaged inner ear structure and achieve functional repair. microRNA (miRNA), as a class of highly conserved endogenous non-coding small RNAs, plays an important role in the development of cochlea and HCs. miRNA also participates in the regulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and plays an important role in the process of regeneration of inner ear HCs, miRNA has a broad application prospect of clinical treatment of hearing loss, which is conducive to solving the medical problem of inner ear HC regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Shengyu Zou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wu
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Zuhong He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Weijia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, P. R. China
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35
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Wizenty J, Tacke F, Sigal M. Responses of gastric epithelial stem cells and their niche to Helicobacter pylori infection. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:568. [PMID: 32775369 PMCID: PMC7347775 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are gram-negative bacteria that are able to colonize and persist in the stomach. Gastric cancer is tightly linked to chronic infection with this bacterium. Research over the last decades has illuminated the molecular interactions between H. pylori and host cells. It is now well established that H. pylori have multiple sophisticated means to adhere to epithelial cells and to manipulate their behavior. This interaction with the epithelium can lead to altered cell signaling, DNA damage and aberrant epithelial immunity. H. pylori are known to colonize the mucus layer of the stomach and surface epithelial cells. In addition, it has recently become clear that they can also penetrate the glands and directly interact with specialized epithelial cells deep in the glands. Understanding the biogeography of infection is important because gastric epithelial glands are composed of various types of short-lived differentiated cells that are constantly regenerated by a limited pool of long-lived stem cells located in base of gastric glands. Recent advances in gastric stem cell research not only led to identification of stem cell populations using specific markers but has also uncovered specific regulatory pathways and principles that govern gastric stem cell behavior and regeneration. Particularly, the stem cell state is largely dependent on signals from the niche cells that surround the stem cell compartment. The subpopulation of H. pylori that colonizes in the stem cell compartment triggers specific inflammatory responses and drives epithelial pathology. Colonization of gastric glands induces responses of the stem cell niche, simultaneously enhancing the cell turnover kinetics and driving the formation of antimicrobial cells in the gland base. These data reveal the high plasticity of the epithelium and its ability to adapt to the environment, which is necessary to regenerate and counterbalance infection, but simultaneously lays the grounds for development of gastric pathology and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Wizenty
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Sigal
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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Chang W, Wang H, Kim W, Liu Y, Deng H, Liu H, Jiang Z, Niu Z, Sheng W, Nápoles OC, Sun Y, Xu J, Sepulveda A, Hayakawa Y, Bass AJ, Wang TC. Hormonal Suppression of Stem Cells Inhibits Symmetric Cell Division and Gastric Tumorigenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:739-754.e8. [PMID: 32142681 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is believed to arise from stem cells, but mechanisms that limit the acquisition of mutations and tumor development have not been well defined. We show that a +4 stem cell (SC) in the gastric antrum, marked by expression of Cck2r (a GPCR) and Delta-like ligand 1 (DLL1), is a label-retaining cell that undergoes predominant asymmetric cell division. This +4 antral SC is Notch1low/ Numb+ and repressed by signaling from gastrin-expressing endocrine (G) cells. Chemical carcinogenesis of the stomach is associated with loss of G cells, increased symmetric stem cell division, glandular fission, and more rapid stem cell lineage tracing, a process that can be suppressed by exogenous gastrin treatment. This hormonal suppression is associated with a marked reduction in gastric cancer mutational load, as revealed by exomic sequencing. Taken together, our results show that gastric tumorigenesis is associated with increased symmetric cell division that facilitates mutation and is suppressed by GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Colorectal Cancer Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hongshan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Gastric Cancer Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Woosook Kim
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Huan Deng
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330003, China
| | - Haibo Liu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhengchuan Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Weiwei Sheng
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Osmel Companioni Nápoles
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yihong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Gastric Cancer Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Colorectal Cancer Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Antonia Sepulveda
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Adam J Bass
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Downregulation of Notch Signaling in Kras-Induced Gastric Metaplasia. Neoplasia 2019; 21:810-821. [PMID: 31276933 PMCID: PMC6611983 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations and amplification of Kras and, more frequently, signatures for Kras activation are noted in stomach cancer. Expression of mutant KrasG12D in the mouse gastric mucosa has been shown to induce hyperplasia and metaplasia. However, the mechanisms by which Kras activation leads to gastric metaplasia are not fully understood. Here we report that KrasLSL-G12D/+;Pdx1-cre, a mouse model known for pancreatic cancer, also mediates KrasG12D expression in the stomach, causing gastric hyperplasia and metaplasia prior to the pathologic changes in the pancreas. These mice exhibit ectopic cell proliferation at the base of gastric glands, whereas wild-type mice contain proliferating cells primarily at the isthmus/neck of the gastric glands. Notch signaling is decreased in the KrasLSL-G12D/+;Pdx1-cre gastric mucosa, as shown by lower levels of cleaved Notch intracellular domains and downregulation of Notch downstream target genes. Expression of a Notch ligand Jagged1 is downregulated at the base of the mutant gland, accompanied by loss of chief cell marker Mist1. We demonstrate that exogenous Jagged1 or overexpression of Notch intracellular domain stimulates Mist1 expression in gastric cancer cell lines, suggesting positive regulation of Mist1 by Notch signaling. Finally, deletion of Jagged1 or Notch3 in KrasLSL-G12D/+;Pdx1-cre mice promoted development of squamous cell carcinoma in the forestomach, albeit short of invasive adenocarcinoma in the glandular stomach. Taken together, these results reveal downregulation of Notch signaling and Mist1 expression during the initiation of Kras-driven gastric tumorigenesis and suggest a tumor-suppressive role for Notch in this context.
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38
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Zuo X, Deguchi Y, Xu W, Liu Y, Li HS, Wei D, Tian R, Chen W, Xu M, Yang Y, Gao S, Jaoude JC, Liu F, Chrieki SP, Moussalli MJ, Gagea M, Sebastian MM, Zheng X, Tan D, Broaddus R, Wang J, Ajami NJ, Swennes AG, Watowich SS, Shureiqi I. PPARD and Interferon Gamma Promote Transformation of Gastric Progenitor Cells and Tumorigenesis in Mice. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:163-178. [PMID: 30885780 PMCID: PMC6581611 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) regulates cell metabolism, proliferation, and inflammation and has been associated with gastric and other cancers. Villin-positive epithelial cells are a small population of quiescent gastric progenitor cells. We expressed PPARD from a villin promoter to investigate the role of these cells and PPARD in development of gastric cancer. METHODS We analyzed gastric tissues from mice that express the Ppard (PPARD1 and PPARD2 mice) from a villin promoter, and mice that did not carry this transgene (controls), by histology and immunohistochemistry. We performed cell lineage-tracing experiments and analyzed the microbiomes, chemokine and cytokine production, and immune cells and transcriptomes of stomachs of these mice. We also performed immunohistochemical analysis of PPARD levels in 2 sets of human gastric tissue microarrays. RESULTS Thirty-eight percent of PPARD mice developed spontaneous, invasive gastric adenocarcinomas, with severe chronic inflammation. Levels of PPARD were increased in human gastric cancer tissues, compared with nontumor tissues, and associated with gastric cancer stage and grade. We found an inverse correlation between level of PPARD in tumor tissue and patient survival time. Gastric microbiomes from PPARD and control mice did not differ significantly. Lineage-tracing experiments identified villin-expressing gastric progenitor cells (VGPCs) as the origin of gastric tumors in PPARD mice. In these mice, PPARD up-regulated CCL20 and CXCL1, which increased infiltration of the gastric mucosa by immune cells. Immune cell production of inflammatory cytokines promoted chronic gastric inflammation and expansion and transformation of VGPCs, leading to tumorigenesis. We identified a positive-feedback loop between PPARD and interferon gamma signaling that sustained gastric inflammation to induce VGPC transformation and gastric carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS We found PPARD overexpression in VPGCs to result in inflammation, dysplasia, and tumor formation. PPARD and VGPCs might be therapeutic targets for stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Zuo
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Yasunori Deguchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haiyan S. Li
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weidong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yaying Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan C. Jaoude
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fuyao Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah P. Chrieki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Micheline J. Moussalli
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Manu M. Sebastian
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dongfeng Tan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Russell Broaddus
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nadim J. Ajami
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alton G. Swennes
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie S. Watowich
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Imad Shureiqi
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Notch and mTOR Signaling Pathways Promote Human Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation. Neoplasia 2019; 21:702-712. [PMID: 31129492 PMCID: PMC6536707 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch pathway signaling is known to promote gastric stem cell proliferation, and constitutive pathway activation induces gastric tumors via mTORC1 activation in mouse genetic models. The purpose of this study was to determine whether human gastric adenocarcinomas are similarly dependent on Notch and mTORC1 signaling for growth. Gene expression profiling of 415 human gastric adenocarcinomas in The Cancer Genome Atlas, and a small set of locally obtained gastric cancers showed enhanced expression of Notch pathway components, including Notch ligands, receptors and downstream target genes. Human gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and chemically induced mouse gastric tumors both exhibited heightened Notch and mTORC1 pathway signaling activity, as evidenced by increased expression of the NOTCH1 receptor signaling fragment NICD, the Notch target HES1, and the mTORC1 target phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein. Pharmacologic inhibition of either Notch or mTORC1 signaling reduced growth of human gastric cancer cell lines, with combined pathway inhibition causing a further reduction in growth, suggesting that both pathways are activated to promote gastric cancer cell proliferation. Further, mTORC1 signaling was reduced after Notch inhibition suggesting that mTOR is downstream of Notch in gastric cancer cells. Analysis of human gastric organoids derived from paired control and gastric cancer tissues also exhibited reduced growth in culture after Notch or mTOR inhibition. Thus, our studies demonstrate that Notch and mTOR signaling pathways are commonly activated in human gastric cancer to promote cellular proliferation. Targeting these pathways in combination might be an effective therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer treatment.
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40
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Tang Y, Yang G, Zhang J, Li X, Zhang C, Wang Y, Xu J, Chen Y, Teng Y, Yang X. E-cadherin is Required for the Homeostasis of Lgr5 + Gastric Antral Stem Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:34-43. [PMID: 30662345 PMCID: PMC6329931 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.28879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lgr5-expressing stem cells contribute to the epithelial turnover of the gastric antrum. However, the mechanism controlling the homeostasis of Lgr5+ antral stem cells is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate the key role of E-cadherin in the homeostasis of Lgr5+ gastric antral stem cells. The deletion of E-cadherin in these cells results in their apoptosis, thereby leading to a marked decrease in their number. A reduced Lgr5+ stem cell pool caused by the loss of E-cadherin impairs gastric antral epithelial homeostasis in vivo and organoid growth in vitro. Furthermore, p53 contributes to the apoptosis of Lgr5+ stem cells following E-cadherin loss, while the simultaneous deletion of p53 rescues the phenotype in E-cadherin mutants. Our study reveals the critical pro-survival function of E-cadherin in Lgr5+ gastric antral stem cells and the key role of the Lgr5+ stem cell pool in the maintenance of gastric epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jinliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiubin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiaqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yeguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
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Hata M, Hayakawa Y, Koike K. Gastric Stem Cell and Cellular Origin of Cancer. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6040100. [PMID: 30384487 PMCID: PMC6315982 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several stem cell markers within the gastrointestinal epithelium have been identified in mice. One of the best characterized is Lgr5 (leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5) and evidence suggests that Lgr5+ cells in the gut are the origin of gastrointestinal cancers. Reserve or facultative stem or progenitor cells with the ability to convert to Lgr5+ cells following injury have also been identified. Unlike the intestine, where Lgr5+ cells at the crypt base act as active stem cells, the stomach may contain unique stem cell populations, since gastric Lgr5+ cells seem to behave as a reserve rather than active stem cells, both in the corpus and in the antral glands. Gastrointestinal stem cells are supported by a specific microenvironment, the stem cell niche, which also promotes tumorigenesis. This review focuses on stem cell markers in the gut and their supporting niche factors. It also discusses the molecular mechanisms that regulate stem cell function and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan.
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan.
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42
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Li B, Wong C, Gao SM, Zhang R, Sun R, Li Y, Song Y. The retromer complex safeguards against neural progenitor-derived tumorigenesis by regulating Notch receptor trafficking. eLife 2018; 7:38181. [PMID: 30176986 PMCID: PMC6140715 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct establishment and maintenance of unidirectional Notch signaling are critical for the homeostasis of various stem cell lineages. However, the molecular mechanisms that prevent cell-autonomous ectopic Notch signaling activation and deleterious cell fate decisions remain unclear. Here we show that the retromer complex directly and specifically regulates Notch receptor retrograde trafficking in Drosophila neuroblast lineages to ensure the unidirectional Notch signaling from neural progenitors to neuroblasts. Notch polyubiquitination mediated by E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch/Su(dx) is inherently inefficient within neural progenitors, relying on retromer-mediated trafficking to avoid aberrant endosomal accumulation of Notch and cell-autonomous signaling activation. Upon retromer dysfunction, hypo-ubiquitinated Notch accumulates in Rab7+ enlarged endosomes, where it is ectopically processed and activated in a ligand-dependent manner, causing progenitor-originated tumorigenesis. Our results therefore unveil a safeguard mechanism whereby retromer retrieves potentially harmful Notch receptors in a timely manner to prevent aberrant Notch activation-induced neural progenitor dedifferentiation and brain tumor formation. Most cells in the animal body are tailored to perform particular tasks, but stem cells have not yet made their choice. Instead, they have unlimited capacity to divide and, with the right signals, they can start to specialize to become a given type of cells. In the brain, this process starts with a stem cell dividing. One of the daughters will remain a stem cell, while the other, the neural progenitor, will differentiate to form a mature cell such as a neuron. Keeping this tight balance is crucial for the health of the organ: if the progenitor reverts back to being a stem cell, there will be a surplus of undifferentiated cells that can lead to a tumor. A one-way signal driven by the protein Notch partly controls the distinct fates of the two daughter cells. While the neural progenitor carries Notch at its surface, its neural stem cell sister has a Notch receptor on its membrane instead. This ensures that the Notch signaling goes in one direction, from the cell with Notch to the one sporting the receptor. When a stem cell divides, one daughter gets more of a protein called Numb than the other. Numb pulls Notch receptors away from the external membrane and into internal capsules called endosomes. This guarantees that only one of the siblings will be carrying the receptors at its surface. Yet, sometimes the Notch receptors can get activated in the endosomes, which may make neural progenitors revert to being stem cells. It is still unclear what tools the cells have to stop this abnormal activation. Here, Li et al. screened brain cells from fruit fly larvae to find out the genes that might play a role in suppressing the inappropriate Notch signaling. This highlighted a protein complex known as the retromer, which normally helps to transport proteins in the cell. Experiments showed that, in progenitors, the retromer physically interacts with Notch receptors and retrieves them from the endosomes back to the cell surface. If the retromer is inactive, the Notch receptors accumulate in the endosomes, where they can be switched on. It seems that, in fruit flies, the retromer acts as a bomb squad that recognizes and retrieves potentially harmful Notch receptors, thereby preventing brain tumor formation. Several retromer components are less present in patients with various cancers, including glioblastoma, an aggressive form of brain cancer. The results by Li et al. may therefore shed light on the link between the protein complex and the emergence of the disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chouin Wong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shihong Max Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rulan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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43
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Singh K, Camera E, Krug L, Basu A, Pandey RK, Munir S, Wlaschek M, Kochanek S, Schorpp-Kistner M, Picardo M, Angel P, Niemann C, Maity P, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. JunB defines functional and structural integrity of the epidermo-pilosebaceous unit in the skin. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3425. [PMID: 30143626 PMCID: PMC6109099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors ensure skin homeostasis via tight regulation of distinct resident stem cells. Here we report that JunB, a member of the AP-1 transcription factor family, regulates epidermal stem cells and sebaceous glands through balancing proliferation and differentiation of progenitors and by suppressing lineage infidelity. JunB deficiency in basal progenitors results in a dermatitis-like syndrome resembling seborrheic dermatitis harboring structurally and functionally impaired sebaceous glands with a globally altered lipid profile. A fate switch occurs in a subset of JunB deficient epidermal progenitors during wound healing resulting in de novo formation of sebaceous glands. Dysregulated Notch signaling is identified to be causal for this phenotype. In fact, pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling can efficiently restore the lineage drift, impaired epidermal differentiation and disrupted barrier function in JunB conditional knockout mice. These findings define an unprecedented role for JunB in epidermal-pilosebaceous stem cell homeostasis and its pathology. Epidermal homeostasis is maintained by the activity of stem cells. Here, the authors show that deficiency of the transcription factor JunB leads to altered Notch signaling in stem cells, resulting in a cell fate switch and de novo formation of aberrant sebaceous glands, altered epidermal differentiation and impaired barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmveer Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany.,Aging Research Center (ARC), Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Emanuela Camera
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Linda Krug
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany.,Aging Research Center (ARC), Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Abhijit Basu
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Rajeev Kumar Pandey
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Saira Munir
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany.,Aging Research Center (ARC), Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Marina Schorpp-Kistner
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Institute for Biochemistry II, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Pallab Maity
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany. .,Aging Research Center (ARC), Ulm, 89081, Germany.
| | - Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany. .,Aging Research Center (ARC), Ulm, 89081, Germany.
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Ogasawara R, Hashimoto D, Kimura S, Hayase E, Ara T, Takahashi S, Ohigashi H, Yoshioka K, Tateno T, Yokoyama E, Ebata K, Kondo T, Sugita J, Onozawa M, Iwanaga T, Teshima T. Intestinal Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Produce R-Spondin3. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10719. [PMID: 30013036 PMCID: PMC6048029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The R-Spondin (R-Spo) family regulates WNT signaling and stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). R-Spo plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, but endogenous producers of R-Spo in the intestine remain to be investigated. We found that R-Spo3 was the major R-Spo family member produced in the intestine and it was predominantly produced by CD45−CD90+CD31+ lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that LECs highly expressed R-Spo receptor, Lgr5, suggesting an autocrine stimulatory loop in LECs. LECs were significantly reduced in number, and their R-Spo3 production was impaired in intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The impaired production of R-Spo3 in the intestine may be a novel mechanism of delayed tissue repair and defective mucosal defense in intestinal GVHD. We demonstrate a novel role of intestinal LECs in producing R-Spondin3 to maintain intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiki Ogasawara
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daigo Hashimoto
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiko Hayase
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahide Ara
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohigashi
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshioka
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tateno
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Emi Yokoyama
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ko Ebata
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junichi Sugita
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Onozawa
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanori Teshima
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Dai Q, Duan C, Ren W, Li F, Zheng Q, Wang L, Li W, Lu X, Ni W, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Wen T, Yu Y, Yu H. Notch Signaling Regulates Lgr5 + Olfactory Epithelium Progenitor/Stem Cell Turnover and Mediates Recovery of Lesioned Olfactory Epithelium in Mouse Model. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1259-1272. [PMID: 29664186 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway regulates stem cell proliferation and differentiation in multiple tissues and organs, and is required for tissue maintenance. However, the role of Notch in regulation of olfactory epithelium (OE) progenitor/stem cells to maintain tissue function is still not clear. A recent study reported that leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) is expressed in globose basal cells (GBCs) localized in OE. Through lineage tracing in vivo, we found that Lgr5+ cells act as progenitor/stem cells in OE. The generation of daughter cells from Lgr5+ progenitor/stem cells is delicately regulated by the Notch signaling pathway, which not only controls the proliferation of Lgr5+ cells and their immediate progenies but also affects their subsequent terminal differentiation. In conditionally cultured OE organoids in vitro, inhibition of Notch signaling promotes neuronal differentiation. Besides, OE lesion through methimazole administration in mice induces generation of more Notch1+ cells in the horizontal basal cell (HBC) layer, and organoids derived from lesioned OE possesses more proliferative Notch1+ HBCs. In summary, we concluded that Notch signaling regulates Lgr5+ GBCs by controlling cellular proliferation and differentiation as well as maintaining epithelial cell homeostasis in normal OE. Meanwhile, Notch1 also marks HBCs in lesioned OE and Notch1+ HBCs are transiently present in OE after injury. This implies that Notch1+ cells in OE may have dual roles, functioning as GBCs in early development of OE and HBCs in restoring the lesioned OE. Stem Cells 2018;36:1259-1272.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Duan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangqi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieqiao Wen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmeng Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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46
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Capillary morphogenesis gene 2 maintains gastric cancer stem-like cell phenotype by activating a Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Oncogene 2018; 37:3953-3966. [PMID: 29662192 PMCID: PMC6053357 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence shows that the development and progression of gastric cancer (GC) is mainly associated to the presence of gastric cancer stem-like cells (GCSLCs). However, it is unclear how GCSLC population is maintained. This study aimed to explore the role of capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2) in GCSLC maintenance and the relevance to GC progression. We found that CMG2 was highly expressed in GC tissues and the expression levels were associated with the invasion depth and lymph node metastasis of GC, and inversely correlated with the survival of GC patients. Sorted CMG2High GC cells preferentially clustered in CD44High stem-like cell population, which expressed high levels of stemness-related genes with increased capabilities of self-renewal and tumorigenicity. Depletion of CMG2 gene resulted in reduction of GCSLC population with attenuated stemness and decrease of invasive and metastatic capabilities with subdued epithelial–mesenchymal transition phenotype in GC cells. Mechanistically, CMG2 interacted with LRP6 in GCSLCs to activate a Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, our results demonstrate that CMG2 promotes GC progression by maintaining GCSLCs and can serve as a new prognostic indicator and a target for human GC therapy.
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47
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Ye W, Takabayashi H, Yang Y, Mao M, Hibdon ES, Samuelson LC, Eaton KA, Todisco A. Regulation of Gastric Lgr5+ve Cell Homeostasis by Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Signaling and Inflammatory Stimuli. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 5:523-538. [PMID: 29930977 PMCID: PMC6009760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gastric Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) cells exert important functions during injury and homeostasis. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling regulates gastric inflammation and epithelial homeostasis. We investigated if BMP signaling controls the fate of Lgr5+ve cells during inflammation. METHODS The H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase β-subunit promoter was used to express the BMP inhibitor noggin (Nog) in the stomach (H+/K+-Nog mice). Inhibition of BMP signaling in Lgr5 cells was achieved by crossing Lgr5-EGFP-ires-CreERT2 (Lgr5-Cre) mice to mice with floxed alleles of BMP receptor 1A (Lgr5-Cre;Bmpr1aflox/flox mice). Lgr5/GFP+ve cells were isolated using flow cytometry. Lineage tracing studies were conducted by crossing Lgr5-Cre mice to mice that express Nog and tdTomato (Lgr5-Cre;H+/K+-Nog;Rosa26-tdTom). Infection with Helicobacter felis was used to induce inflammation. Morphology of the mucosa was analyzed by H&E staining. Distribution of H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase-, IF-, Ki67-, CD44-, CD44v9-, and bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells was analyzed by immunostaining. Expression of neck and pit cell mucins was determined by staining with the lectins Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia lectin II and Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1, respectively. Id1, Bmpr1a, Lgr5, c-Myc, and Cd44 messenger RNAs were measured by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Lgr5-Cre;Bmpr1aflox/flox mice showed diminished expression of Bmpr1a in Lgr5/GFP+ve cells. Infection of Lgr5-Cre;Bmpr1aflox/flox mice with H felis led to enhanced inflammation, increased cell proliferation, parietal cell loss, and to the development of metaplasia and dysplasia. Infected Lgr5-Cre;H+/K+-Nog;Rosa26-tdTom mice, but not control mice, showed the presence of tomato+ve glands lining the lesser curvature that stained positively with Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia lectin II and Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1, and with anti-IF, -CD44, -CD44v9, and -bromodeoxyuridine antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation and inhibition of BMP signaling activate Lgr5+ve cells, which give rise to metaplastic, dysplastic, proliferating lineages that express markers of mucus neck and zymogenic cell differentiation.
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Key Words
- ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine
- Chief Cells
- Differentiation
- Dysplasia
- EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein
- ERK, extracellular signal–regulated kinase
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- GSII, Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia lectin II
- H/K-nog, H/K-noggin
- HBSS, Hank's balanced salt solution
- IF, intrinsic factor
- Metaplasia
- QRT-PCR, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
- SPEM, spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia
- TFF2, Trefoil factor 2
- mRNA, messenger RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hidehiko Takabayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yitian Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maria Mao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elise S. Hibdon
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Linda C. Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kathryn A. Eaton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrea Todisco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Andrea Todisco, MD, 6520 Medical Science Research Building I, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0682. fax: (734) 763-2535.
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48
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Sebrell TA, Sidar B, Bruns R, Wilkinson RA, Wiedenheft B, Taylor PJ, Perrino BA, Samuelson LC, Wilking JN, Bimczok D. Live imaging analysis of human gastric epithelial spheroids reveals spontaneous rupture, rotation and fusion events. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:293-307. [PMID: 29178040 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cultures of primary epithelial cells including organoids, enteroids and epithelial spheroids have become increasingly popular for studies of gastrointestinal development, mucosal immunology and epithelial infection. However, little is known about the behavior of these complex cultures in their three-dimensional culture matrix. Therefore, we performed extended time-lapse imaging analysis (up to 4 days) of human gastric epithelial spheroids generated from adult tissue samples in order to visualize the dynamics of the spheroids in detail. Human gastric epithelial spheroids cultured in our laboratory grew to an average diameter of 443.9 ± 34.6 μm after 12 days, with the largest spheroids reaching diameters of >1000 μm. Live imaging analysis revealed that spheroid growth was associated with cyclic rupture of the epithelial shell at a frequency of 0.32 ± 0.1/day, which led to the release of luminal contents. Spheroid rupture usually resulted in an initial collapse, followed by spontaneous re-formation of the spheres. Moreover, spheroids frequently rotated around their axes within the Matrigel matrix, possibly propelled by basolateral pseudopodia-like formations of the epithelial cells. Interestingly, adjacent spheroids occasionally underwent luminal fusion, as visualized by injection of individual spheroids with FITC-Dextran (4 kDa). In summary, our analysis revealed unexpected dynamics in human gastric spheroids that challenge our current view of cultured epithelia as static entities and that may need to be considered when performing spheroid infection experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Andrew Sebrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, 960 Technology Blvd., Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Barkan Sidar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Rachel Bruns
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, 960 Technology Blvd., Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Royce A Wilkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, 960 Technology Blvd., Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Blake Wiedenheft
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, 960 Technology Blvd., Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | | | - Brian A Perrino
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James N Wilking
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Diane Bimczok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, 960 Technology Blvd., Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
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49
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Flanagan DJ, Vincan E, Phesse TJ. Winding back Wnt signalling: potential therapeutic targets for treating gastric cancers. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4666-4683. [PMID: 28568899 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer persists as a frequent and deadly disease that claims over 700 000 lives annually. Gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease that is genetically, cytologically and architecturally more heterogeneous than other gastrointestinal cancers, making it therapeutically challenging. As such, and largely attributed to late-stage diagnosis, gastric cancer patients show only partial response to standard chemo and targeted molecular therapies, highlighting an urgent need to develop new targeted therapies for this disease. Wnt signalling has a well-documented history in the genesis of many cancers and is, therefore, an attractive therapeutic target. As such, drug discovery has focused on developing inhibitors that target multiple nodes of the Wnt signalling cascade, some of which have progressed to clinical trials. The collective efforts of patient genomic profiling has uncovered genetic lesions to multiple components of the Wnt pathway in gastric cancer patients, which strongly suggest that Wnt-targeted therapies could offer therapeutic benefits for gastric cancer patients. These data have been supported by studies in mouse models of gastric cancer, which identify Wnt signalling as a driver of gastric tumourigenesis. Here, we review the current literature regarding Wnt signalling in gastric cancer and highlight the suitability of each class of Wnt inhibitor as a potential treatment for gastric cancer patients, in relation to the type of Wnt deregulation observed. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Flanagan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Vincan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Toby J Phesse
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cell Signalling and Cancer Laboratory, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Pompaiah M, Bartfeld S. Gastric Organoids: An Emerging Model System to Study Helicobacter pylori Pathogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 400:149-168. [PMID: 28124153 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50520-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter research classically uses fixed human tissue, animal models or cancer cell lines. Each of these study objects has its advantages and has brought central insights into the infection process. Nevertheless, in model systems for basic and medical research, there is a gap between two-dimensional and most often transformed cell cultures and three-dimensional, highly organized tissues. In recent years, stem cell research has provided the means to fill this gap. The identification of the niche factors that support growth, expansion and differentiation of stem cells in vitro has allowed the development of three-dimensional culture systems called organoids. Gastric organoids are grown from gastric stem cells and are organized epithelial structures that comprise all the differentiated cell types of the stomach. They can be expanded without apparent limitation and are amenable to a wide range of standard laboratory techniques. Here, we review different stem cell-derived organoid model systems useful for Helicobacter pylori research and outline their advantages for infection studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Pompaiah
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sina Bartfeld
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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