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Fei B, Zhao Y, Wang J, Wen P, Li J, Tanaka M, Wang Z, Li S. Leveraging adrenergic receptor blockade for enhanced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease treatment via a biomimetic nanoplatform. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:591. [PMID: 39342261 PMCID: PMC11438098 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive lipid accumulation, steatosis and fibrosis. Sympathetic nerves play a critical role in maintaining hepatic lipid homeostasis and regulating fibrotic progression through adrenergic receptors expressed by hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells; however, the use of sympathetic nerve-focused strategies for the treatment of NAFLD is still in the infancy. Herein, a biomimetic nanoplatform with ROS-responsive and ROS-scavenging properties was developed for the codelivery of retinoic acid (RA) and the adrenoceptor antagonist labetalol (LA). The nanoplatform exhibited improved accumulation and sufficient drug release in the fibrotic liver, thereby achieving precise codelivery of drugs. Integration of adrenergic blockade effectively interrupted the vicious cycle of sympathetic nerves with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hepatocytes, which not only combined with RA to restore HSCs to a quiescent state but also helped to reduce hepatic lipid accumulation. We demonstrated the excellent ability of the biomimetic nanoplatform to ameliorate liver inflammation, fibrosis and steatosis. Our work highlights the tremendous potential of a sympathetic nerve-focused strategy for the management of NAFLD and provides a promising nanoplatform for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyuan Fei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Yuewu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jine Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Panyue Wen
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Junjie Li
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Zheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China.
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Allahverdi H. Exploring the therapeutic potential of plasma from intermittent fasting and untreated rats on aging-induced liver damage. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18456. [PMID: 38923278 PMCID: PMC11199341 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the effects of plasma from 12-month-old intermittently fasting rats (IFpls) and untreated rats (Npls) on the liver biomolecules and histological changes in 24-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Fasting rats underwent an 18-h daily fasting period and a 6-h feeding window for 35 days. The plasma was administered bi-daily, and blood samples were examined for specific liver biomolecules. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to identify molecular profiles. Liver sections were stained for histopathological evaluation, and the expression levels of Notch signalling pathway components were assessed. Distinct molecular profiles were identified across liver biomolecules, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids with high accuracy. Notably, IFpls was found to protect against hepatic instability, microvesicular steatosis and liver fibrosis by decreasing lymphatic infiltration density and Notch pathway expression levels. Both treatments reduced protein oxidation and carbonylation, with Npls showing a pronounced decrease in protein oxidation. Furthermore, Npls increased protein conformation and glycogen/phosphate content, while IFpls increased glucose/protein content. Both IFpls and Npls induce substantial and unique alterations in liver biomolecules. IFpls offers a protective effect on various liver conditions, while Npls exhibits promising results in reducing protein oxidation and altering biomolecule content. These findings offer valuable insights for future research and potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Allahverdi
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsMuş Alparslan UniversityMuşTurkey
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3
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Blackmore K, Houchen CJ, Simonyan H, Arestakesyan H, Stark AK, Dow SA, Kim HR, Jeong JK, Popratiloff A, Young CN. A forebrain-hypothalamic ER stress driven circuit mediates hepatic steatosis during obesity. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101858. [PMID: 38141847 PMCID: PMC10809102 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 1 in 3 adults and contributes to advanced liver injury and cardiometabolic disease. While recent evidence points to involvement of the brain in NAFLD, the downstream neural circuits and neuronal molecular mechanisms involved in this response, remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of a unique forebrain-hypothalamic circuit in NAFLD. METHODS Chemogenetic activation and inhibition of circumventricular subfornical organ (SFO) neurons that project to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN; SFO→PVN) in mice were used to study the role of SFO→PVN signaling in NAFLD. Novel scanning electron microscopy techniques, histological approaches, molecular biology techniques, and viral methodologies were further used to delineate the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress within this circuit in driving NAFLD. RESULTS In lean animals, acute chemogenetic activation of SFO→PVN neurons was sufficient to cause hepatic steatosis in a liver sympathetic nerve dependent manner. Conversely, inhibition of this forebrain-hypothalamic circuit rescued obesity-associated NAFLD. Furthermore, dietary NAFLD is associated with marked ER ultrastructural alterations and ER stress in the PVN, which was blunted following reductions in excitatory signaling from the SFO. Finally, selective inhibition of PVN ER stress reduced hepatic steatosis during obesity. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings characterize a previously unrecognized forebrain-hypothalamic-ER stress circuit that is involved in hepatic steatosis, which may point to future therapeutic strategies for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Blackmore
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Claire J Houchen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Hayk Simonyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Hovhannes Arestakesyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Alyssa K Stark
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Samantha A Dow
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Han Rae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Jin Kwon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Anastas Popratiloff
- Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Colin N Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
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4
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Pascut D, Giraudi PJ, Banfi C, Ghilardi S, Tiribelli C, Bondesan A, Caroli D, Minocci A, Grugni G, Sartorio A. Proteome profiling identifies circulating biomarkers associated with hepatic steatosis in subjects with Prader-Willi syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1254778. [PMID: 38034016 PMCID: PMC10684934 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1254778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by loss of expression of paternal chromosome 15q11.2-q13 genes. Individuals with PWS exhibit unique physical, endocrine, and metabolic traits associated with severe obesity. Identifying liver steatosis in PWS is challenging, despite its lower prevalence compared to non-syndromic obesity. Reliable biomarkers are crucial for the early detection and management of this condition associated with the complex metabolic profile and cardiovascular risks in PWS. Methods Circulating proteome profiling was conducted in 29 individuals with PWS (15 with steatosis, 14 without) using the Olink Target 96 metabolism and cardiometabolic panels. Correlation analysis was performed to identify the association between protein biomarkes and clinical variables, while the gene enrichment analysis was conducted to identify pathways linked to deregulated proteins. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed the discriminatory power of circulating protein while a logistic regression model evaluated the potential of a combination of protein biomarkers. Results CDH2, CTSO, QDPR, CANT1, ALDH1A1, TYMP, ADGRE, KYAT1, MCFD, SEMA3F, THOP1, TXND5, SSC4D, FBP1, and CES1 exhibited a significant differential expression in liver steatosis, with a progressive increase from grade 1 to grade 3. FBP1, CES1, and QDPR showed predominant liver expression. The logistic regression model, -34.19 + 0.85 * QDPR*QDPR + 0.75 * CANT1*TYMP - 0.46 * THOP1*ALDH1A, achieved an AUC of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.63-0.99), with a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 80% for detecting steatosis in individuals with PWS. These biomarkers showed strong correlations among themselves and were involved in an interconnected network of 62 nodes, related to seven metabolic pathways. They were also significantly associated with cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, transaminases, HbA1c, FLI, APRI, and HOMA, and showed a negative correlation with HDL levels. Conclusion The biomarkers identified in this study offer the potential for improved patient stratification and personalized therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devis Pascut
- Liver Cancer Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pablo J. Giraudi
- Metabolic Liver Disease Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Network analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Ghilardi
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Network analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Liver Cancer Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Trieste, Italy
- Metabolic Liver Disease Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Adele Bondesan
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Diana Caroli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Minocci
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Division of Metabolic Diseases, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Graziano Grugni
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Division of Auxology, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
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5
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Maji RK, Czepukojc B, Scherer M, Tierling S, Cadenas C, Gianmoena K, Gasparoni N, Nordström K, Gasparoni G, Laggai S, Yang X, Sinha A, Ebert P, Falk-Paulsen M, Kinkley S, Hoppstädter J, Chung HR, Rosenstiel P, Hengstler JG, Walter J, Schulz MH, Kessler SM, Kiemer AK. Alterations in the hepatocyte epigenetic landscape in steatosis. Epigenetics Chromatin 2023; 16:30. [PMID: 37415213 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-023-00504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease or the accumulation of fat in the liver, has been reported to affect the global population. This comes with an increased risk for the development of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Yet, little is known about the effects of a diet containing high fat and alcohol towards epigenetic aging, with respect to changes in transcriptional and epigenomic profiles. In this study, we took up a multi-omics approach and integrated gene expression, methylation signals, and chromatin signals to study the epigenomic effects of a high-fat and alcohol-containing diet on mouse hepatocytes. We identified four relevant gene network clusters that were associated with relevant pathways that promote steatosis. Using a machine learning approach, we predict specific transcription factors that might be responsible to modulate the functionally relevant clusters. Finally, we discover four additional CpG loci and validate aging-related differential CpG methylation. Differential CpG methylation linked to aging showed minimal overlap with altered methylation in steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Kumar Maji
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Beate Czepukojc
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Scherer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sascha Tierling
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- IfADo: Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kathrin Gianmoena
- IfADo: Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nina Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Karl Nordström
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan Laggai
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Philipps University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anupam Sinha
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Ebert
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Maren Falk-Paulsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sarah Kinkley
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Hoppstädter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ho-Ryun Chung
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Philipps University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- IfADo: Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcel H Schulz
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Department of Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Excellence Cluster on Multimodal Computing and Interaction, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Sonja M Kessler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Institute of Pharmacy, Experimental Pharmacology for Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
- Halle Research Centre for Drug Therapy (HRCDT), Halle, Germany.
| | - Alexandra K Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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6
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He Y, Su Y, Duan C, Wang S, He W, Zhang Y, An X, He M. Emerging role of aging in the progression of NAFLD to HCC. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101833. [PMID: 36565959 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the aging of global population, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has surged in recent decades. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease that follows a progressive course, ranging from simple fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is well established that aging induces pathological changes in liver and potentiates the occurrence and progression of NAFLD, HCC and other age-related liver diseases. Studies of senescent cells also indicate a pivotal engagement in the development of NAFLD via diverse mechanisms. Moreover, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), silence information regulator protein family (sirtuins), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) are three vital and broadly studied targets involved in aging process and NAFLD. Nevertheless, the crucial role of these aging-associated factors in aging-related NAFLD remains underestimated. Here, we reviewed the current research on the roles of aging, cellular senescence and three aging-related factors in the evolution of NAFLD to HCC, aiming at inspiring promising therapeutic targets for aging-related NAFLD and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghong Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Yingting Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei An
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ming He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
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7
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Activation of β-Adrenoceptors Promotes Lipid Droplet Accumulation in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells via cAMP/PKA/EPAC Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010767. [PMID: 36614209 PMCID: PMC9820888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiologically, β-adrenoceptors are major regulators of lipid metabolism, which may be reflected in alterations in lipid droplet dynamics. β-adrenoceptors have also been shown to participate in breast cancer carcinogenesis. Since lipid droplets may be seen as a hallmark of cancer, the present study aimed to investigate the role of β-adrenoceptors in the regulation of lipid droplet dynamics in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cells were treated for up to 72 h with adrenaline (an endogenous adrenoceptor agonist), isoprenaline (a non-selective β-adrenoceptor agonist) and salbutamol (a selective β2-selective agonist), and their effects on lipid droplets were evaluated using Nile Red staining. Adrenaline or isoprenaline, but not salbutamol, caused a lipid-accumulating phenotype in the MCF-7 cells. These effects were significantly reduced by selective β1- and β3-antagonists (10 nM atenolol and 100 nM L-748,337, respectively), indicating a dependence on both β1- and β3-adrenoceptors. These effects were dependent on the cAMP signalling pathway, involving both protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP-dependent guanine-nucleotide-exchange (EPAC) proteins: treatment with cAMP-elevating agents (forskolin or 8-Br-cAMP) induced lipid droplet accumulation, whereas either 1 µM H-89 or 1 µM ESI-09 (PKA or EPAC inhibitors, respectively) abrogated this effect. Taken together, the present results demonstrate the existence of a β-adrenoceptor-mediated regulation of lipid droplet dynamics in breast cancer cells, likely involving β1- and β3-adrenoceptors, revealing a new mechanism by which adrenergic stimulation may influence cancer cell metabolism.
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8
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Sympathetic blockage attenuates fasting-induced hepatic steatosis. Neuroreport 2022; 33:763-770. [PMID: 36250432 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although the central nervous system coordinates whole-body metabolism, the neural mechanism for hepatic steatosis remains unclear. This study is aimed to explore the neural mechanism of fasting-induced hepatic steatosis. Mice were pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine to block sympathetic nerve activity before fasting, and to explore the potential effects of chemical sympathectomy on fasting-induced hepatic steatosis and transcriptional changes. Twenty-four hours fasting led to obvious hepatic steatosis, low-core temperature, and similar effects to cold-induced white adipose lipolysis. The alterations in hepatic mRNA expression revealed that the hepatic lipid accumulation did not result from an increase in hepatic lipogenesis or a decrease in fatty acid oxidation but from enhanced fatty acid uptake as indicated by upregulation of CD36. Blockage of the sympathetic nervous system via chemical sympathectomy attenuated fasting-induced hepatic steatosis and suppressed CD36 upregulation in the liver, but did not obviously alter the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis or fatty acid oxidation. These findings indicate that the sympathetic nervous system orchestrates the mechanism for fasting-induced hepatic steatosis via modulating CD36 expression and adipose fat trafficking into the liver, which provides clues to reveal new targets for fatty liver diseases.
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9
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Bertoncini-Silva C, Zingg JM, Fassini PG, Suen VMM. Bioactive dietary components-Anti-obesity effects related to energy metabolism and inflammation. Biofactors 2022; 49:297-321. [PMID: 36468445 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the result of the long-term energy imbalance between the excess calories consumed and the few calories expended. Reducing the intake of energy dense foods (fats, sugars), and strategies such as fasting and caloric restriction can promote body weight loss. Not only energy in terms of calories, but also the specific composition of the diet can affect the way the food is absorbed and how its energy is stored, used or dissipated. Recent research has shown that bioactive components of food, such as polyphenols and vitamins, can influence obesity and its pathologic complications such as insulin resistance, inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Individual micronutrients can influence lipid turnover but for long-term effects on weight stability, dietary patterns containing several micronutrients may be required. At the molecular level, these molecules modulate signaling and the expression of genes that are involved in the regulation of energy intake, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis into white, beige and brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, lipotoxicity, adipo/cytokine synthesis, and inflammation. Higher concentrations of these molecules can be reached in the intestine, where they can modulate the composition and action of the microbiome. In this review, the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive compounds and vitamins modulate energy metabolism, inflammation and obesity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bertoncini-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Priscila Giacomo Fassini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Marques Miguel Suen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Ryu T, Kim K, Choi SE, Chung KPS, Jeong WI. New insights in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related liver disease: The metabolic, immunologic, and neurologic pathways. LIVER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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11
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Lelou E, Corlu A, Nesseler N, Rauch C, Mallédant Y, Seguin P, Aninat C. The Role of Catecholamines in Pathophysiological Liver Processes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061021. [PMID: 35326472 PMCID: PMC8947265 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, the number of research publications about the role of catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) in the development of liver diseases such as liver fibrosis, fatty liver diseases, or liver cancers is constantly increasing. However, the mechanisms involved in these effects are not well understood. In this review, we first recapitulate the way the liver is in contact with catecholamines and consider liver implications in their metabolism. A focus on the expression of the adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors by the liver cells is also discussed. Involvement of catecholamines in physiological (glucose metabolism, lipids metabolism, and liver regeneration) and pathophysiological (impact on drug-metabolizing enzymes expression, liver dysfunction during sepsis, fibrosis development, or liver fatty diseases and liver cancers) processes are then discussed. This review highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms through which catecholamines influence liver functions in order to draw benefit from the adrenergic and dopaminergic antagonists currently marketed. Indeed, as these molecules are well-known drugs, their use as therapies or adjuvant treatments in several liver diseases could be facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Lelou
- INSERM, Université Rennes, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan, Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35000 Rennes, France; (E.L.); (A.C.); (N.N.); (C.R.); (Y.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Anne Corlu
- INSERM, Université Rennes, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan, Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35000 Rennes, France; (E.L.); (A.C.); (N.N.); (C.R.); (Y.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Nicolas Nesseler
- INSERM, Université Rennes, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan, Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35000 Rennes, France; (E.L.); (A.C.); (N.N.); (C.R.); (Y.M.); (P.S.)
- CHU Rennes, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Claudine Rauch
- INSERM, Université Rennes, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan, Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35000 Rennes, France; (E.L.); (A.C.); (N.N.); (C.R.); (Y.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Yannick Mallédant
- INSERM, Université Rennes, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan, Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35000 Rennes, France; (E.L.); (A.C.); (N.N.); (C.R.); (Y.M.); (P.S.)
- CHU Rennes, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Seguin
- INSERM, Université Rennes, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan, Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35000 Rennes, France; (E.L.); (A.C.); (N.N.); (C.R.); (Y.M.); (P.S.)
- CHU Rennes, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Caroline Aninat
- INSERM, Université Rennes, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan, Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35000 Rennes, France; (E.L.); (A.C.); (N.N.); (C.R.); (Y.M.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-23-23-48-68
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12
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Matsubara Y, Kiyohara H, Teratani T, Mikami Y, Kanai T. Organ and brain crosstalk: The liver-brain axis in gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases. Neuropharmacology 2021; 205:108915. [PMID: 34919906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the largest organ in the human body and is responsible for the metabolism and storage of the three principal nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. In addition, the liver contributes to the breakdown and excretion of alcohol, medicinal agents, and toxic substances and the production and secretion of bile. In addition to its role as a metabolic centre, the liver has recently attracted attention for its function in the liver-brain axis, which interacts closely with the central nervous system via the autonomic nervous system, including the vagus nerve. The liver-brain axis influences the control of eating behaviour in the central nervous system through stimuli from the liver. Conversely, neural signals from the central nervous system influence glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in the liver. The liver also receives a constant influx of nutrients and hormones from the intestinal tract and compounds of bacterial origin via the portal system. As a result, the intestinal tract and liver are involved in various immunological interactions. A good example is the co-occurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. These heterogeneous roles of the liver-brain axis are mediated via the vagus nerve in an asymmetrical manner. In this review, we provide an overview of these interactions, mainly with the liver but also with the brain and gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Matsubara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kiyohara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teratani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
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13
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Ahmed HMS, Mohamed SG, Ibrahim WS, Rezk AM, Mahmoud AAA, Mahmoud MF, Ibrahim IAAEH. Acute and chronic metabolic effects of carvedilol in high-fructose, high-fat diet-fed mice: implication of β-arrestin2 pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 100:68-77. [PMID: 34570983 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the acute and chronic effects of carvedilol on insulin resistance in high-fructose, high-fat diet (HFrHFD) - fed mice and the implication of the β-arrestin2 pathway. The acute effect of carvedilol (10 mg/kg, i.p.) on glucose tolerance and hepatic lipid signaling in normal and insulin resistant mice was investigated. Then, the chronic effect of carvedilol on insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in HFrHFD-fed mice was examined. Changes in β-arrestin2 and its downstream signals in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue were measured. This involved measuring phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and diacylglycerol (DAG) levels and protein kinase B (AKT) activity. Carvedilol acutely reduced fasting blood glucose levels in both normal and insulin resistant mice without significantly affecting the glucose tolerance. These acute effects were associated with increased hepatic PIP2 but decreased hepatic DAG levels. Chronic administration of carvedilol significantly ameliorated insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in HFrHFD-fed mice. These chronic effects were associated with increased β-arrestin2, PIP2, and AKT activity levels but decreased DAG levels in the classical insulin target tissues. In conclusion, carvedilol acutely maintains glucose homeostasis and chronically ameliorates insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in HFrHFD-fed mice. The insulin sensitizing effects of carvedilol are highly correlated with the upregulation of β-arrestin2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda M S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt.,Medical Supply Chain, Abo-Hammad Health Administration, Ministry of Health, Egypt
| | - Samar G Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt.,Department of Toxic and Narcotic Drugs, Forensic Medicine, Cairo Laboratory, Medicolegal Organization, Ministry of Justice, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Rezk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacy, Benha University Hospitals, Benha, Egypt
| | - Amr A A Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Islam A A E-H Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
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14
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Yu H, Jiang X, Dong F, Zhang F, Ji X, Xue M, Yang F, Chen J, Hu X, Bao Z. Lipid accumulation-induced hepatocyte senescence regulates the activation of hepatic stellate cells through the Nrf2-antioxidant response element pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112689. [PMID: 34107274 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally. Elderly individuals are at a higher risk of developing NAFLD with severe clinical outcomes. Although NAFLD is closely related to liver aging, the role of hepatocyte senescence in the progression of NAFLD, especially in the development of fibrosis, is still unclear. The early stage of NAFLD is mainly characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, which could lead to severe oxidative stress, causing cellular senescence. In the present study, hepatocytes cultured in the presence of free fatty acids to induce lipid deposition were used as a hepatocyte senescence model in vitro. Senescent hepatocytes significantly increased the activation of co-cultured primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the expression of pro-fibrosis molecules. Moreover, the antioxidant regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) that was upregulated in senescent hepatocytes was found to be related to the activation of co-cultured HSCs. The Nrf2 agonist sulforaphane, which upregulated the transcriptional activity of the Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, remarkably inhibited hepatocyte senescence and its activation effect on HSCs. However, the liver tissue obtained from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice with Nrf2 knockdown showed decreased antioxidation and significant liver senescence and fibrosis. In conclusion, this study confirmed that lipid accumulation induces hepatocyte senescence, which leads to HSC activation and development of hepatic fibrosis. Increasing the activity of the Nrf2-ARE antioxidant pathway in senescent hepatocytes elicited the opposite effect, suggesting that targeting Nrf2 may prevent or delay the progression of aging-related liver fibrosis in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyuan Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Ji
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjuan Xue
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaona Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhijun Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Shi Y, Pizzini J, Wang H, Das F, Abdul Azees PA, Ghosh Choudhury G, Barnes JL, Zang M, Weintraub ST, Yeh CK, Katz MS, Kamat A. β2-Adrenergic receptor agonist induced hepatic steatosis in mice: modeling nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hyperadrenergic states. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E90-E104. [PMID: 34029162 PMCID: PMC8321826 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00651.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of disorders ranging from hepatic steatosis [excessive accumulation of triglycerides (TG)] to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The molecular pathogenesis of steatosis and progression to more severe NAFLD remains unclear. Obesity and aging, two principal risk factors for NAFLD, are associated with a hyperadrenergic state. β-Adrenergic responsiveness in liver increases in animal models of obesity and aging, and in both is linked to increased hepatic expression of β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs). We previously showed that in aging rodents intracellular signaling from elevated hepatic levels of β2-ARs may contribute to liver steatosis. In this study we demonstrate that injection of formoterol, a highly selective β2-AR agonist, to mice acutely results in hepatic TG accumulation. Further, we have sought to define the intrahepatic mechanisms underlying β2-AR mediated steatosis by investigating changes in hepatic expression and cellular localization of enzymes, transcription factors, and coactivators involved in processes of lipid accrual and disposition-and also functional aspects thereof-in livers of formoterol-treated animals. Our results suggest that β2-AR activation by formoterol leads to increased hepatic TG synthesis and de novo lipogenesis, increased but incomplete β-oxidation of fatty acids with accumulation of potentially toxic long-chain acylcarnitine intermediates, and reduced TG secretion-all previously invoked as contributors to fatty liver disease. Experiments are ongoing to determine whether sustained activation of hepatic β2-AR signaling by formoterol might be utilized to model fatty liver changes occurring in hyperadrenergic states of obesity and aging, and thereby identify novel molecular targets for the prevention or treatment of NAFLD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Results of our study suggest that β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) activation by agonist formoterol leads to increased hepatic TG synthesis and de novo lipogenesis, incomplete β-oxidation of fatty acids with accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitine intermediates, and reduced TG secretion. These findings may, for the first time, implicate a role for β2-AR responsive dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism in the pathogenetic processes underlying NAFLD in hyperadrenergic states such as obesity and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shi
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jason Pizzini
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hanzhou Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Falguni Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Parveez Ahamed Abdul Azees
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jeffrey L Barnes
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Mengwei Zang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Susan T Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Michael S Katz
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Amrita Kamat
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
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16
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Ashraf S, Ashraf N, Yilmaz G, Harmancey R. Crosstalk between beta-adrenergic and insulin signaling mediates mechanistic target of rapamycin hyperactivation in liver of high-fat diet-fed male mice. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14958. [PMID: 34231324 PMCID: PMC8261682 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. While increased nutrient intake and sympathetic activity have been associated with the disease, the pathogenesis of NAFLD remains incompletely understood. We investigated the impact of the interaction of high dietary fat and sugar intake with increased beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling on the activity of nutrient-sensing pathways and fuel storage in the liver. C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard rodent diet (STD), a high-fat diet (HFD), a high-fat/high-sugar Western diet (WD), a high-sugar diet with mixed carbohydrates (HCD), or a high-sucrose diet (HSD). After 6 week on diets, mice were treated with isoproterenol (ISO) and the activity of liver mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)-related signaling analyzed by immunoblotting and correlated with tissue triglyceride and glycogen contents. ISO-stimulated AKT- and ERK-mediated activation of mTORC1 in STD-fed mice. Consumption of all four high-calorie diets exacerbated downstream activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) in response to ISO. S6K1 activity was greater with the fat-enriched HFD and WD and correlated with the presence of metabolic syndrome and a stronger activation of AKT and ERK1/2 pathways. Fat-enriched diets also increased triglyceride accumulation and inhibited glycogen mobilization under β-AR stimulation. In conclusion, crosstalk between β-AR and insulin signaling may contribute to HFD-induced hepatic steatosis through ERK1/2- and AKT-mediated hyperactivation of the mTORC1/S6K1 axis. The findings provide further rationale for the development of therapies aimed at targeting augmented β-AR signaling in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ashraf
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
- Mississippi Center for Obesity ResearchUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | | | - Gizem Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
- Mississippi Center for Obesity ResearchUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
- Mississippi Center for Obesity ResearchUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
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17
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Petkevicius K, Bidault G, Virtue S, Jenkins B, van Dierendonck XAMH, Dugourd A, Saez-Rodriguez J, Stienstra R, Koulman A, Vidal-Puig A. Norepinephrine promotes triglyceride storage in macrophages via beta2-adrenergic receptor activation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21266. [PMID: 33484195 PMCID: PMC7898725 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001101r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tissue‐resident macrophages are required for homeostasis, but also contribute to tissue dysfunction in pathophysiological states. The sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) induces an anti‐inflammatory and tissue‐reparative phenotype in macrophages. As NE has a well‐established role in promoting triglyceride lipolysis in adipocytes, and macrophages accumulate triglyceride droplets in various physiological and disease states, we investigated the effect of NE on primary mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophage triglyceride metabolism. Surprisingly, our data show that in contrast to the canonical role of NE in stimulating lipolysis, NE acting via beta2‐adrenergic receptors (B2ARs) in macrophages promotes extracellular fatty acid uptake and their storage as triglycerides and reduces free fatty acid release from triglyceride‐laden macrophages. We demonstrate that these responses are mediated by a B2AR activation‐dependent increase in Hilpda and Dgat1 gene expression and activity. We further show that B2AR activation favors the storage of extracellular polyunsaturated fatty acids. Finally, we present evidence that macrophages isolated from hearts after myocardial injury, for which survival critically depends on leukocyte B2ARs, have a transcriptional signature indicative of a transient triglyceride accumulation. Overall, we describe a novel and unexpected role of NE in promoting triglyceride storage in macrophages that could have potential implications in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasparas Petkevicius
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Bidault
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Virtue
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Jenkins
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xanthe A M H van Dierendonck
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Aurelien Dugourd
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine & Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine & Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Koulman
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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18
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Haji E, Al Mahri S, Aloraij Y, Malik SS, Mohammad S. Functional Characterization of the Obesity-Linked Variant of the β 3-Adrenergic Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115721. [PMID: 34072007 PMCID: PMC8199065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenergic receptor β3 (ADRβ3) is a member of the rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor family. The binding of the ligand to ADRβ3 activates adenylate cyclase and increases cAMP in the cells. ADRβ3 is highly expressed in white and brown adipocytes and controls key regulatory pathways of lipid metabolism. Trp64Arg (W64R) polymorphism in the ADRβ3 is associated with the early development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, lower resting metabolic rate, abdominal obesity, and insulin resistance. It is unclear how the substitution of W64R affects the functioning of ADRβ3. This study was initiated to functionally characterize this obesity-linked variant of ADRβ3. We evaluated in detail the expression, subcellular distribution, and post-activation behavior of the WT and W64R ADRβ3 using single cell quantitative fluorescence microscopy. When expressed in HEK 293 cells, ADRβ3 shows a typical distribution displayed by other GPCRs with a predominant localization at the cell surface. Unlike adrenergic receptor β2 (ADRβ2), agonist-induced desensitization of ADRβ3 does not involve loss of cell surface expression. WT and W64R variant of ADRβ3 displayed comparable biochemical properties, and there was no significant impact of the substitution of tryptophan with arginine on the expression, cellular distribution, signaling, and post-activation behavior of ADRβ3. The obesity-linked W64R variant of ADRβ3 is indistinguishable from the WT ADRβ3 in terms of expression, cellular distribution, signaling, and post-activation behavior.
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19
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Barella LF, Jain S, Kimura T, Pydi SP. Metabolic roles of G protein-coupled receptor signaling in obesity and type 2 diabetes. FEBS J 2021; 288:2622-2644. [PMID: 33682344 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasing steadily worldwide. It is estimated that by 2045 more than 800 million people will be suffering from diabetes. Despite the advancements in modern medicine, more effective therapies for treating obesity and T2D are needed. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have emerged as important drug targets for various chronic diseases, including obesity, T2D, and liver diseases. During the past two decades, many laboratories worldwide focused on understanding the role of GPCR signaling in regulating glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. The information gained from these studies can guide the development of novel therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize recent studies providing insights into the role of GPCR signaling in peripheral, metabolically important tissues such as pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, focusing primarily on the use of mutant animal models and human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F Barella
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Takefumi Kimura
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sai P Pydi
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
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20
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Keshavjee SH, Schwenger KJP, Yadav J, Jackson TD, Okrainec A, Allard JP. Factors Affecting Metabolic Outcomes Post Bariatric Surgery: Role of Adipose Tissue. J Clin Med 2021; 10:714. [PMID: 33670215 PMCID: PMC7916950 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an ever-growing public health crisis, and bariatric surgery (BS) has become a valuable tool in ameliorating obesity, along with comorbid conditions such as diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. BS techniques have come a long way, leading to impressive improvements in the health of the majority of patients. Unfortunately, not every patient responds optimally to BS and there is no method that is sufficient to pre-operatively predict who will receive maximum benefit from this surgical intervention. This review focuses on the adipose tissue characteristics and related parameters that may affect outcomes, as well as the potential influences of insulin resistance, BMI, age, psychologic and genetic factors. Understanding the role of these factors may help predict who will benefit the most from BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H. Keshavjee
- Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Katherine J. P. Schwenger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada;
| | - Jitender Yadav
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Timothy D. Jackson
- Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (T.D.J.); (A.O.)
| | - Allan Okrainec
- Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (T.D.J.); (A.O.)
| | - Johane P. Allard
- Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada;
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Effect of Adrenergic Agonists on High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249392. [PMID: 33321735 PMCID: PMC7764675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system, consisting of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, plays an important role in regulating metabolic homeostasis. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulates hepatic lipid metabolism by regulating adrenergic receptor activation, resulting in the stimulation of hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride (TG) production in vivo. However, only a few studies on the relationship between SNS and hepatic steatosis have been reported. Here, we investigate the effect of adrenergic receptor agonists on hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The α-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine (10 mg/kg/d) or the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol (30 mg/kg/d) was coadministered with HFD to male mice. After five weeks, hepatic steatosis, TG levels, and hepatic fat metabolism-related biomarkers were examined. HFD treatment induced hepatic steatosis, and cotreatment with phenylephrine, but not isoproterenol, attenuated this effect. Phenylephrine administration upregulated the mRNA levels of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and its target genes (such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1) and increased hepatic β-hydroxybutyrate levels. Additionally, phenylephrine treatment increased the expression of the autophagosomal marker LC3-II but decreased that of p62, which is selectively degraded during autophagy. These results indicate that phenylephrine inhibits hepatic steatosis through stimulation of β-oxidation and autophagy in the liver.
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Kimura T, Pydi SP, Pham J, Tanaka N. Metabolic Functions of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Hepatocytes-Potential Applications for Diabetes and NAFLD. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101445. [PMID: 33076386 PMCID: PMC7602561 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are cell surface receptors that mediate the function of extracellular ligands. Understanding how GPCRs work at the molecular level has important therapeutic implications, as 30–40% of the drugs currently in clinical use mediate therapeutic effects by acting on GPCRs. Like many other cell types, liver function is regulated by GPCRs. More than 50 different GPCRs are predicted to be expressed in the mouse liver. However, knowledge of how GPCRs regulate liver metabolism is limited. A better understanding of the metabolic role of GPCRs in hepatocytes, the dominant constituent cells of the liver, could lead to the development of novel drugs that are clinically useful for the treatment of various metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this review, we describe the functions of multiple GPCRs expressed in hepatocytes and their role in metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Kimura
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA; (S.P.P.); (J.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-301-594-6980
| | - Sai P. Pydi
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA; (S.P.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Jonathan Pham
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA; (S.P.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;
- Research Center for Social Systems, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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23
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Amagase Y, Mizukawa Y, Urushidani T. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonist-induced histidine decarboxylase gene expression in the rat and mouse liver. J Toxicol Sci 2020; 45:475-492. [PMID: 32741898 DOI: 10.2131/jts.45.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
By analysis of the data from the Toxicogenomics Database (TG-GATEs), histidine decarboxylase gene (Hdc) was identified as largely and commonly upregulated by three fibrates, clofibrate, fenofibrate, and WY-14,643, which are known to induce hepatocellular hypertrophy and proliferation via stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in rodents. As histamine has been reported to be involved in the proliferation of liver cells, the present study was conducted to focus on Hdc. Among other genes related to histidine and histamine, the expression of the gene of histamine ammonia lyase (Hal) was exclusively mobilized by the three fibrates. The expression of Hdc, which was usually very low in the liver, was increased with the repeated administration of fibrates, and concomitantly, the constitutive expression of Hal was suppressed. An interpretation is that the formation of urocanic acid from histidine under the normal condition switches to the formation of histamine. The mobilization of gene expression of Hdc and Hal by PPARα agonists could not be reproduced in primary cultured hepatocytes. The Hdc mRNA appeared to be translated to a protein which is processed differently from brain but similarly to gastric mucosa. Surprisingly, the fibrates caused hepatic hypertrophy but no induction of Hdc mRNA at all in mice. These results revealed that the changes in the histidine catabolism by PPARα agonists might be partially, but not directly, involved in the hepatocyte proliferation in rats, and there is a large genetic distance even between rat and mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Amagase
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts
| | - Yumiko Mizukawa
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts
| | - Tetsuro Urushidani
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts
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24
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Zhang K, Zhao Y, Fent K. Cardiovascular drugs and lipid regulating agents in surface waters at global scale: Occurrence, ecotoxicity and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138770. [PMID: 32361434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular drugs and lipid regulating agents have emerged as major groups of environmental contaminants over the past decades. However, knowledge about their occurrence in freshwaters and their ecotoxicity is still limited. Here, we critically summarize the presence of 82 cardiovascular drugs and lipid regulating agents at a global-scale and represent their effects on aquatic organisms. Only about 71% of these pharmaceuticals in use have been analyzed for their residues in aquatic ecosystems and only about 24% for their effects. When detected in surface waters, they occurred at concentrations of dozens to hundreds of ng/L. In wastewaters, they reached up to several μg/L. Effects of cardiovascular drugs and lipid regulating agents have been extensively studied in fish and a few in invertebrates, such as Daphnia magna and mussels. These pharmaceuticals affect cardiac physiology, lipid metabolism, growth and reproduction. Besides, effects on spermatogenesis and neurobehavior are observed. Environmental risks are associated with beta-blockers propranolol, metoprolol, and lipid lowering agents bezafibrate and atorvastatin, where adverse effects (biochemical and transcriptional) occurred partially at surface water concentrations. In some cases, reproductive effects occurred at environmentally relevant concentrations. This review summarizes the state of the art on the occurrence of cardiovascular drugs and lipid regulating agents at a global-scale and highlights their risks to fish. Further research is needed to include more subtle changes on heart function and to explore non-investigated drugs. Their occurrence in freshwaters and impact on a diverse array of aquatic organisms are particularly needed to fully assess their environmental hazards and risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
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Kalinovich A, Dehvari N, Åslund A, van Beek S, Halleskog C, Olsen J, Forsberg E, Zacharewicz E, Schaart G, Rinde M, Sandström A, Berlin R, Östenson CG, Hoeks J, Bengtsson T. Treatment with a β-2-adrenoceptor agonist stimulates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and improves glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice with diet-induced obesity. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1603-1615. [PMID: 32472192 PMCID: PMC7351816 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Chronic stimulation of β2-adrenoceptors, opposite to acute treatment, was reported to reduce blood glucose levels, as well as to improve glucose and insulin tolerance in rodent models of diabetes by essentially unknown mechanisms. We recently described a novel pathway that mediates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells via stimulation of β2-adrenoceptors. In the current study we further explored the potential therapeutic relevance of β2-adrenoceptor stimulation to improve glucose homeostasis and the mechanisms responsible for the effect. METHODS C57Bl/6N mice with diet-induced obesity were treated both acutely and for up to 42 days with a wide range of clenbuterol dosages and treatment durations. Glucose homeostasis was assessed by glucose tolerance test. We also measured in vivo glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, insulin sensitivity by insulin tolerance test, plasma insulin levels, hepatic lipids and glycogen. RESULTS Consistent with previous findings, acute clenbuterol administration increased blood glucose and insulin levels. However, already after 4 days of treatment, beneficial effects of clenbuterol were manifested in glucose homeostasis (32% improvement of glucose tolerance after 4 days of treatment, p < 0.01) and these effects persisted up to 42 days of treatment. These favourable metabolic effects could be achieved with doses as low as 0.025 mg kg-1 day-1 (40 times lower than previously studied). Mechanistically, these effects were not due to increased insulin levels, but clenbuterol enhanced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle in vivo both acutely in lean mice (by 64%, p < 0.001) as well as during chronic treatment in diet-induced obese mice (by 74%, p < 0.001). Notably, prolonged treatment with low-dose clenbuterol improved whole-body insulin sensitivity (glucose disposal rate after insulin injection increased up to 1.38 ± 0.31%/min in comparison with 0.15 ± 0.36%/min in control mice, p < 0.05) and drastically reduced hepatic steatosis (by 40%, p < 0.01) and glycogen (by 23%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Clenbuterol improved glucose tolerance after 4 days of treatment and these effects were maintained for up to 42 days. Effects were achieved with doses in a clinically relevant microgram range. Mechanistically, prolonged treatment with a low dose of clenbuterol improved glucose homeostasis in insulin resistant mice, most likely by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and improving whole-body insulin sensitivity as well as by reducing hepatic lipids and glycogen. We conclude that selective β2-adrenergic agonists might be an attractive potential treatment for type 2 diabetes. This remains to be confirmed in humans. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kalinovich
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20B, Arrhenius laboratories F3, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Atrogi AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nodi Dehvari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20B, Arrhenius laboratories F3, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Atrogi AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alice Åslund
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20B, Arrhenius laboratories F3, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten van Beek
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carina Halleskog
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20B, Arrhenius laboratories F3, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Atrogi AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Olsen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20B, Arrhenius laboratories F3, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Atrogi AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Evelyn Zacharewicz
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mia Rinde
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20B, Arrhenius laboratories F3, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sandström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20B, Arrhenius laboratories F3, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Atrogi AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20B, Arrhenius laboratories F3, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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26
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Wang Z, Li S, Wang R, Guo L, Xu D, Zhang T, Xu Y, Wang W, Wang M, Gan Z, Wang X. The protective effects of the β3 adrenergic receptor agonist BRL37344 against liver steatosis and inflammation in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mol Med 2020; 26:54. [PMID: 32503411 PMCID: PMC7275314 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our objective was to investigate the efficacy of the beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist BRL37344 for the prevention of liver steatosis and inflammation associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Four groups were established: a control group (given a standard diet), a high-fat diet (HFD) group, an HFD + β3-AR agonist (β3-AGO) group, and an HFD + β3-AR antagonist (β3-ANT) group. All rats were fed for 12 weeks. The β3-AR agonist BRL37344 and the antagonist L748337 were administered for the last 4 weeks with Alzet micro-osmotic pumps. The rat body weights (g) were measured at the end of the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. At the end of the 12th week, the liver weights were measured. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed with a Hitachi automatic analyzer. The lipid levels of the triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) were also measured. An oil red O kit was used to detect lipid droplet accumulation in hepatocytes. Steatosis, ballooning degeneration and inflammation were histopathologically determined. The protein and mRNA expression levels of β3-AR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (mCPT-1), and fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 were measured by western blot analysis and RT-qPCR, respectively. RESULTS After treatment with the β3-AR agonist BRL37344 for 4 weeks, the levels of ALT, AST, TGs, TC, LDL-C and FFAs were decreased in the NAFLD model group compared with the HFD group. Body and liver weights, liver index values and lipid droplet accumulation were lower in the HFD + β3-AGO group than in the HFD group. Decreased NAFLD activity scores (NASs) also showed that liver steatosis and inflammation were ameliorated after treatment with BRL37344. Moreover, the β3-AR antagonist L748337 reversed these effects. Additionally, the protein and gene expression levels of β3-AR, PPAR-α, and mCPT-1 were increased in the HFD + β3-AGO group, whereas those of PPAR-γ and FAT/CD36 were decreased. CONCLUSION The β3-AR agonist BRL37344 is beneficial for reducing liver fat accumulation and for ameliorating liver steatosis and inflammation in NAFLD. These effects may be associated with PPARs/mCPT-1 and FAT/CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #37 Yiyuan Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Liansheng Guo
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Dan Xu
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Tieyuan Zhang
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Min Wang
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Zhongwei Gan
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
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27
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Amir M, Yu M, He P, Srinivasan S. Hepatic Autonomic Nervous System and Neurotrophic Factors Regulate the Pathogenesis and Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:62. [PMID: 32175323 PMCID: PMC7056867 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease represents a continuum of excessive hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. It is a growing epidemic in the United States of America and worldwide. Progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can lead to morbidity and mortality due to complications such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is centered on increased hepatic lipogenesis and decreased hepatic lipolysis in the setting of hepatic and systemic insulin resistance. Adipose tissue and hepatic inflammation can further perpetuate the severity of illness. Currently there are no approved therapies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Most of the drugs being explored for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease focus on classical pathogenic pathways surrounding hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation or fibrosis. Studies have demonstrated that the autonomic nervous system innervating the liver plays a crucial role in regulation of hepatic lipid homeostasis, inflammation and fibrosis. Additionally, there is growing evidence that neurotrophic factors can modulate all stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Both the autonomic nervous system and neurotrophic factors are altered in patients and murine models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review we focus on the pathophysiological role of the autonomic nervous system and neurotrophic factors that could be potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amir
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael Yu
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Peijian He
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
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28
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Ravindran R, Jaganathan R, Periandavan K. EGCG exerts its protective effect by mitigating the release of lysosomal enzymes in aged rat liver on exposure to high cholesterol diet. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:309-318. [PMID: 31926118 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim is to test the hypothesis whether the cholesterol loaded lysosomes are capable of mediating lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) during aging and to study the efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in preserving the lysosomal membrane stability. Aged rats were fed with high cholesterol diet (HCD) and treated with EGCG orally. Serum and tissue lipid status, cholesterol levels in lysosomal fraction, activities of lysosomal enzymes in lysosomal, and cytosolic fractions were measured. Transmission electron microscopic studies (TEM), oil red "O" (ORO) staining, and immunohistochemical analysis of oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) were carried out. Significant increase in serum, tissue lipid profile, and lysosomal cholesterol levels were observed in aged HCD-fed rats with a concomitant decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. We also observed a significant increase in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes of aged HCD-fed rats by TEM, ORO, and immunohistochemical staining. Upon treatment with EGCG to aged HCD-fed animals, we found augmented levels of HDL with a concomitant decrease in lysosomal cholesterol levels and other lipoproteins. TEM studies and immunohistochemistry of OxLDL also showed a marked reduction in lipid deposition of hepatocytes. Thus, EGCG has preserved the lysosomal membrane stability in HCD stressed aged rats. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The research article is focused mainly on the effect of EGCG and its capability on mitigating the release of lysosomal enzymes in aged animals fed with HCD. The study signifies the cellular function of the organelle lysosome following administration of aged rats with HCD, which would make the readers to understand the action of EGCG and the interrelationship of both cholesterol and activity of lysosomes when cholesterol is loaded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Ravindran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Ravindran Jaganathan
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Kalaiselvi Periandavan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Goodus MT, McTigue DM. Hepatic dysfunction after spinal cord injury: A vicious cycle of central and peripheral pathology? Exp Neurol 2019; 325:113160. [PMID: 31863731 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver is essential for numerous physiological processes, including filtering blood from the intestines, metabolizing fats, proteins, carbohydrates and drugs, and regulating iron storage and release. The liver is also an important immune organ and plays a critical role in response to infection and injury throughout the body. Liver functions are regulated by autonomic parasympathetic innervation from the brainstem and sympathetic innervation from the thoracic spinal cord. Thus, spinal cord injury (SCI) at or above thoracic levels disrupts major regulatory mechanisms for hepatic functions. Work in rodents and humans shows that SCI induces liver pathology, including hepatic inflammation and fat accumulation characteristic of a serious form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This hepatic pathology is associated with and likely contributes to indices of metabolic dysfunction often noted in SCI individuals, such as insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia. These occur at greater rates in the SCI population and can negatively impact health and quality of life. In this review, we will: 1) Discuss acute and chronic changes in human and rodent liver pathology and function after SCI; 2) Describe how these hepatic changes affect systemic inflammation, iron regulation and metabolic dysfunction after SCI; 3) Describe how disruption of the hepatic autonomic nervous system may be a key culprit in post-injury chronic liver pathology; and 4) Preview ongoing and future research that aims to elucidate mechanisms driving liver and metabolic dysfunction after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Goodus
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Dana M McTigue
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Activation of brown adipose tissue enhances the efficacy of caloric restriction for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Transl Med 2019; 99:4-16. [PMID: 30258096 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that can evolve into cirrhosis. Lifestyle modifications achieving 10% weight loss reverse NASH, but there are no effective approved drug treatments. We previously identified defective adaptive thermogenesis as a factor contributing to metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis. We have now tested whether increasing nonshivering thermogenesis can improve preexisting NASH in mice. In high-fat diet-fed foz/foz mice with established NASH, treatment with β3AR agonist restored brown adipose tissue (BAT) function, decreased body weight, improved glucose tolerance, and reduced hepatic lipid content compared to untreated counterparts, but had no impact on liver inflammation or on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS). Similarly, β3AR agonist did not alter liver pathology in other steatohepatitis models, including MCD diet-fed diabetic obese db/db mice. Caloric restriction alone alleviated the hepatic inflammatory signature in foz/foz mice. Addition of a β3AR agonist to mice subjected to caloric restriction enhanced weight loss and glucose tolerance, and improved liver steatosis, hepatocellular injury, and further reduced liver inflammation. These changes contributed to a significantly lower NAS score such as no (0/9) animals in this group fulfilled the criteria for NASH pathology compared to eight out of ten mice under caloric restriction alone. In conclusion, β3AR agonist counteracts features of the metabolic syndrome and alleviates steatosis, but does not reverse NASH. However, when coupled with weight loss therapy, BAT stimulation provides additional therapeutic advantages and reverses NASH.
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Giorgi C, Marchi S, Simoes IC, Ren Z, Morciano G, Perrone M, Patalas-Krawczyk P, Borchard S, Jȩdrak P, Pierzynowska K, Szymański J, Wang DQ, Portincasa P, Wȩgrzyn G, Zischka H, Dobrzyn P, Bonora M, Duszynski J, Rimessi A, Karkucinska-Wieckowska A, Dobrzyn A, Szabadkai G, Zavan B, Oliveira PJ, Sardao VA, Pinton P, Wieckowski MR. Mitochondria and Reactive Oxygen Species in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 340:209-344. [PMID: 30072092 PMCID: PMC8127332 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been linked to several degenerative processes that, through the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage, can progressively lead to cell dysfunction and organ failure. Human aging is linked with a higher risk for individuals to develop cancer, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. The understanding of the molecular basis of aging and associated diseases has been one major challenge of scientific research over the last decades. Mitochondria, the center of oxidative metabolism and principal site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, are crucial both in health and in pathogenesis of many diseases. Redox signaling is important for the modulation of cell functions and several studies indicate a dual role for ROS in cell physiology. In fact, high concentrations of ROS are pathogenic and can cause severe damage to cell and organelle membranes, DNA, and proteins. On the other hand, moderate amounts of ROS are essential for the maintenance of several biological processes, including gene expression. In this review, we provide an update regarding the key roles of ROS-mitochondria cross talk in different fundamental physiological or pathological situations accompanying aging and highlighting that mitochondrial ROS may be a decisive target in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ines C.M. Simoes
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ziyu Ren
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
- Maria Pia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Torino, Italy
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paulina Patalas-Krawczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sabine Borchard
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paulina Jȩdrak
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Jȩdrzej Szymański
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Q. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Grzegorz Wȩgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Departments of Cell Biology and Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jerzy Duszynski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Vilma A. Sardao
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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López V, Bonzón-Kulichenko E, Moltó E, Fernández-Agulló T, Arribas C, Andrés A, Gallardo N. Food Restriction is Required to Preserve the Antisteatotic Effects of Central Leptin in the Liver of Middle-Aged Rats. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:877-884. [PMID: 29575696 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aging is a significant risk factor for the development of obesity and hepatic steatosis associated with insulin and leptin resistance. Food restriction (FR) is commonly used for reducing body weight (BW), adiposity, and liver steatosis. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether FR in middle-aged rats can recover the central leptin antisteatotic effects observed in the liver in young animals. METHODS Two groups of 4-month-old Wistar rats were fed ad libitum (AL) or were on FR for 3 months. At 7 months of age, both groups were centrally treated with rat leptin (0.2 μg/d, 7 days) or saline. RESULTS Central leptin reduced food intake and BW, but not the hepatic triglyceride content, in 7-month-old rats fed AL. However, in 7-month-old FR rats, leptin did not affect BW but markedly reduced serum leptin, serum and hepatic triglyceride levels, and the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes. In addition, central leptin decreased serum and hepatic endogenous norepinephrine levels of FR rats, exerting a homeostatic effect beyond its antisteatotic actions. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in middle-aged rats, moderate FR is required for both preserving the antisteatotic actions of central leptin and avoiding excessive weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia López
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, and Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Elena Bonzón-Kulichenko
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, and Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- National Center for Cardiovascular Research Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Moltó
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, and Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Arribas
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, and Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Antonio Andrés
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, and Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Nilda Gallardo
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, and Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Shi Y, Shu ZJ, Wang H, Barnes JL, Yeh CK, Ghosh PM, Katz MS, Kamat A. Altered expression of hepatic β-adrenergic receptors in aging rats: implications for age-related metabolic dysfunction in liver. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R574-R583. [PMID: 29212811 PMCID: PMC6712558 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00372.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR)-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) in rat liver during aging has been linked to age-related increases in hepatic glucose output and hepatosteatosis. In this study, we investigated the expression of β-ARs, individual receptor subtypes, and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) regulatory proteins in livers from aging rats. Radioligand-binding studies demonstrated that β-AR density increased by greater than threefold in hepatocyte membranes from senescent (24-mo-old) compared with young adult (7-mo-old) rats and that this phenomenon was blocked by food restriction, which is known to retard aging processes in rodents. Competition-binding studies revealed a mixed population of β1- and β2-AR subtypes in liver membranes over the adult life span, with a trend for greater β2-AR density with age. Expression of both β-AR subtype mRNAs in rat liver increased with age, whereas β2- but not β1-AR protein levels declined in livers of old animals. Immunoreactive β2- but not β1-ARs were preferentially distributed in pericentral hepatic regions. Levels of GRK2/3 and β-arrestin 2 proteins, which are involved in downregulation of agonist-activated GPCRs, including β-ARs, increased during aging. Insofar as sympathetic tone increases with age, our findings suggest that, despite enhanced agonist-mediated downregulation of hepatic β-ARs preferentially affecting the β2-AR subtype, increased generation of both receptor subtypes during aging augments the pool of plasma membrane-bound β-ARs coupled to AC in hepatocytes. This study thus identifies one or both β-AR subtypes as possible therapeutic targets involved in aberrant hepatic processes of glucose and lipid metabolism during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shi
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Zhen-Ju Shu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hanzhou Wang
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jeffrey L Barnes
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Departments of Urology and Biochemistry, University of California Davis , Sacramento, California
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California
| | - Michael S Katz
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Amrita Kamat
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
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Abstract
Inhibitors of mTOR, including clinically available rapalogs such as rapamycin (Sirolimus) and Everolimus, are gerosuppressants, which suppress cellular senescence. Rapamycin slows aging and extends life span in a variety of species from worm to mammals. Rapalogs can prevent age-related diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, obesity, neurodegeneration and retinopathy and potentially rejuvenate stem cells, immunity and metabolism. Here, I further suggest how rapamycin can be combined with metformin, inhibitors of angiotensin II signaling (Losartan, Lisinopril), statins (simvastatin, atorvastatin), propranolol, aspirin and a PDE5 inhibitor. Rational combinations of these drugs with physical exercise and an anti-aging diet (Koschei formula) can maximize their anti-aging effects and decrease side effects.
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35
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Xu X, Li D, Li X, Shi Q, Ju X. Mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium alleviates oxidative stress injury induced by hydrogen peroxide via regulating miR143 and its target protein in hepatocytes. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:51. [PMID: 29258429 PMCID: PMC5735881 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the impact of miRNA (microRNA) on hepatic oxidative stress damage under the human mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (MSC-CM) and explore the roles of the beta-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) and hexokinase 2 (HK2) in this process. METHODS Hydrogen peroxide was used to induce oxidative stress injury in the human normal liver cell line L02. MSC-CM was separately prepared. After treatment with MSC-CM, the protective effects of MSC-CM on oxidative stress injury were assessed by changes in apoptosis, cell viability, cell cycle, and mitochondrial membrane potential. According to the microarray analysis, 19 disparately expressed miRNAs were selected for RT-PCR and miR143 identified as having significant differential expression in MSC-CM against oxidative stress injury. Subsequently, the predicted target proteins of miR143 were selected by bioinformatics software, and verified by western blot. In addition, down-regulation and up-regulation of miR143 expression and hydrogen peroxide induced hypoxia injury were carried out on L02 cells to study the role of miR143. RESULTS MSC-CM significantly attenuated H2O2 induced oxidative stress injury. The expression of miR143 was increased following oxidative stress injury whereas it decreased after MSC-CM treatment. The expression levels of HK2 and ADRB1 regulated by miR143 and Bcl-2 decreased under H2O2 treatment but were restored following MSC-CM treatment. However the expression levels of Bax and BMF increased after H2O2 injury and decreased after MSC-CM treatment. Moreover over-expression or down-regulation of miR143 aggravated or alleviated hepatocyte apoptosis respectively. CONCLUSIONS MSC-CM may alleviate H2O2 induced oxidative stress injury by inhibiting apoptosis and adjusting miRNA expression. Moreover down-regulation of miR143 protects L02 cells from apoptosis and initiates an adaptive process by adjusting the expression of HK2 ADRB1 and apoptosis-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Xu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiuli Ju
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, 518057, China. .,Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Aldaba-Muruato LR, Muñoz-Ortega MH, Macías-Pérez JR, Pulido-Ortega J, Martínez-Hernández SL, Ventura-Juárez J. Adrenergic regulation during acute hepatic infection with Entamoeba histolytica in the hamster: involvement of oxidative stress, Nrf2 and NF-KappaB. Parasite 2017; 24:46. [PMID: 29185982 PMCID: PMC5706999 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2017048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and transcriptional pathways of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) are critically involved in the etiopathology of amebic liver abscess (ALA). In this work, we studied the relationship between the adrenergic nervous system and ALA in the hamster. ALA was visible at 12 h of infection. While 6-hydroxidopamine (6-OHDA) decreased infection, propranolol (β-adrenergic blocker) treatment was associated with less extensive liver damage, and phentolamine treatment (α-adrenergic blocker) significantly reduced ALA compared to 6-OHDA and propranolol. Serum enzymatic activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) were increased at 12 h post-infection. Chemical denervation and α and β-adrenergic blockers decreased ALT to normal levels, while 6-OHDA and propranolol showed a trend to decrease γ-GTP but phentolamine significantly reduced γ-GTP. Amebic infection increased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and decreased both reduced glutathione (GSH) and the GSH/GSSG ratio. Propranolol and 6-OHDA showed a tendency to decrease GSSG. However, GSH, GSSG and GSH/GSSG returned to normal levels with phentolamine. Furthermore, amebic infection increased pNF-κB and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and showed a tendency to decrease hemoxigenase-1 (HO-1), but not Nrf2. Chemical denervation showed a trend to decrease pNF-κB and IL-1β, and neither Nrf2 nor HO-1 increased significantly. In addition, NF-κB and IL-1β were attenuated by propranolol and phentolamine treatments, although phentolamine showed significant overexpression of Nrf2 and HO-1. This suggests that the adrenergic system may be involved in oxidative stress and in modulation of the Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways during ALA development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martín Humberto Muñoz-Ortega
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes,
Aguascalientes,
Ags. México
| | - José Roberto Macías-Pérez
- Química Clínica, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí,
Ciudad Valles,
SLP. México
| | - Julieta Pulido-Ortega
- Departamento de Morfología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes,
Aguascalientes,
Ags. México
| | | | - Javier Ventura-Juárez
- Departamento de Morfología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes,
Aguascalientes,
Ags. México
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Schott MB, Rasineni K, Weller SG, Schulze RJ, Sletten AC, Casey CA, McNiven MA. β-Adrenergic induction of lipolysis in hepatocytes is inhibited by ethanol exposure. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11815-11828. [PMID: 28515323 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.777748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In liver steatosis (i.e. fatty liver), hepatocytes accumulate many large neutral lipid storage organelles known as lipid droplets (LDs). LDs are important in the maintenance of energy homeostasis, but the signaling mechanisms that stimulate LD metabolism in hepatocytes are poorly defined. In adipocytes, catecholamines target the β-adrenergic (β-AR)/cAMP pathway to activate cytosolic lipases and induce their recruitment to the LD surface. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine whether hepatocytes, like adipocytes, also undergo cAMP-mediated lipolysis in response to β-AR stimulation. Using primary rat hepatocytes and human hepatoma cells, we found that treatment with the β-AR agent isoproterenol caused substantial LD loss via activation of cytosolic lipases adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). β-Adrenergic stimulation rapidly activated PKA, which led to the phosphorylation of ATGL and HSL and their recruitment to the LD surface. To test whether this β-AR-dependent lipolysis pathway was altered in a model of alcoholic fatty liver, primary hepatocytes from rats fed a 6-week EtOH-containing Lieber-DeCarli diet were treated with cAMP agonists. Compared with controls, EtOH-exposed hepatocytes showed a drastic inhibition in β-AR/cAMP-induced LD breakdown and the phosphorylation of PKA substrates, including HSL. This observation was supported in VA-13 cells, an EtOH-metabolizing human hepatoma cell line, which displayed marked defects in both PKA activation and isoproterenol-induced ATGL translocation to the LD periphery. In summary, these findings suggest that β-AR stimulation mobilizes cytosolic lipases for LD breakdown in hepatocytes, and perturbation of this pathway could be a major consequence of chronic EtOH insult leading to fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah B Schott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Shaun G Weller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Ryan J Schulze
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Arthur C Sletten
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Carol A Casey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198; Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System Research Service, Omaha, Nebraska 68105
| | - Mark A McNiven
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
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Heck SO, Fulco BCW, Quines CB, Oliveira CES, Leite MR, Cechella JL, Nogueira CW. Combined Therapy With Swimming Exercise and a Diet Supplemented With Diphenyl Diselenide Is Effective Against Age-Related Changes in the Hepatic Metabolism of Rats. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:1574-1582. [PMID: 27918086 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a widespread loss of homeostasis in biological systems and is accompanied by pathophysiological changes including the liver injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the combined therapy with swimming exercise (20 min session, 5 days/week during 4 weeks) and a diet supplemented with 1 ppm of (PhSe)2 on the hepatic metabolic alterations caused by aging in rats. In this study, male old Wistar rats had an increase in the epididymal fat relative weight, disturbances in the activities of hepatic enzymes associated to the glucose homeostasis, higher hepatic triglyceride content and higher activity of the plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The combined therapy normalized the activities of glucose-6-Pase and tyrosine aminotransferase, gluconeogenic enzymes, increased the hepatic glycogen content and was effective against the increase in the hepatic triglycerides content, without altering the activities of hexoquinase, and citrate synthase. Moreover, the combined therapy normalized the activities of AST and ALT, indicating a hepatoprotective effect. The combined therapy with swimming exercise and a diet supplemented with 1 ppm of (PhSe)2 contributed to the hepatic glucose homeostasis in old rats. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to investigate the possible mechanisms of action behind these effects. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1574-1582, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suélen O Heck
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna C W Fulco
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline B Quines
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carla E S Oliveira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marlon R Leite
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José L Cechella
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Ghosh PM. WOMEN IN CANCER PROFILE: From physics to cancer biology and everywhere in between. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:P15-P21. [PMID: 27605444 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paramita M Ghosh
- Research ServiceVA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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40
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Abstract
The hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome is frequently observed in mothers whose offspring have long-chain fatty acid oxidation defects. We previously found that fatty acid oxidation is compromised not only in these inborn errors of metabolism but also in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from all pregnancies complicated by the HELLP syndrome. Sirtuins are oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)dependent deacetylases linked to the metabolic status of the cell. SIRT 4 is known to have regulatory functions in fatty acid oxidation. The HELLP syndrome is often associated with short-term hypoxia. We studied sirtuins (SIRT 1, SIRT 3, and SIRT 4) in HUVECs from pregnancies complicated by the HELLP syndrome and uncomplicated pregnancies exposed to hypoxia (n = 7 controls, 7 HELLP; 0, 10, 60, or 120 minutes of 2% O2). Protein levels of SIRT 4 were significantly higher in HUVECs from HELLP compared to control after 60 and 120 minutes of hypoxia. The NAD+ levels increased in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Sandvoß
- 1 Department of Paediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arne Björn Potthast
- 1 Department of Paediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Anibh Martin Das
- 1 Department of Paediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Shi Y, Shu ZJ, Xue X, Yeh CK, Katz MS, Kamat A. β2-Adrenergic receptor ablation modulates hepatic lipid accumulation and glucose tolerance in aging mice. Exp Gerontol 2016; 78:32-8. [PMID: 26952573 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamines acting through β-adrenergic receptors (β(1)-, β(2)-, β(3)-AR subtypes) modulate important biological responses in various tissues. Our previous studies suggest a role for increased hepatic β-AR-mediated signaling during aging as a mediator of hepatic steatosis, liver glucose output, and insulin resistance in rodents. In the current study, we have utilized β(2)-AR knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) control mice to define further the role of β(2)-AR signaling during aging on lipid and glucose metabolism. Our results demonstrate for the first time that age-related increases in hepatic triglyceride accumulation and body weight are attenuated upon β(2)-AR ablation. Although no differences in plasma triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acids or insulin levels were detected between old WT and KO animals, an age-associated increase in hepatic expression of lipid homeostasis regulator Cidea was significantly reduced in old KO mice. Interestingly, we also observed a shift from reduced glucose tolerance in young adult KO animals to significantly improved glucose tolerance in old KO when compared to age-matched WT mice. These results provide evidence for an important role played by β(2)-ARs in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism during aging. The effect of β(2)-AR ablation on caloric intake during aging is currently not known and requires investigation. Future studies are also warranted to delineate the β(2)-AR-mediated mechanisms involved in the control of lipid and glucose homeostasis, especially in the context of a growing aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shi
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Zhen-Ju Shu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Xiaoling Xue
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Michael S Katz
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Amrita Kamat
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Korner G, Scherer T, Adamsen D, Rebuffat A, Crabtree M, Rassi A, Scavelli R, Homma D, Ledermann B, Konrad D, Ichinose H, Wolfrum C, Horsch M, Rathkolb B, Klingenspor M, Beckers J, Wolf E, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Hrabě de Angelis M, Blau N, Rozman J, Thöny B. Mildly compromised tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor biosynthesis due to Pts variants leads to unusual body fat distribution and abdominal obesity in mice. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:309-19. [PMID: 26830550 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, alkylglycerol monooxygenase, and nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Inborn errors of BH4 metabolism lead to severe insufficiency of brain monoamine neurotransmitters while augmentation of BH4 by supplementation or stimulation of its biosynthesis is thought to ameliorate endothelial NOS (eNOS) dysfunction, to protect from (cardio-) vascular disease and/or prevent obesity and development of the metabolic syndrome. We have previously reported that homozygous knock-out mice for the 6-pyruvolytetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS; Pts-ko/ko) mice with no BH4 biosynthesis die after birth. Here we generated a Pts-knock-in (Pts-ki) allele expressing the murine PTPS-p.Arg15Cys with low residual activity (15% of wild-type in vitro) and investigated homozygous (Pts-ki/ki) and compound heterozygous (Pts-ki/ko) mutants. All mice showed normal viability and depending on the severity of the Pts alleles exhibited up to 90% reduction of PTPS activity concomitant with neopterin elevation and mild reduction of total biopterin while blood L-phenylalanine and brain monoamine neurotransmitters were unaffected. Yet, adult mutant mice with compromised PTPS activity (i.e., Pts-ki/ko, Pts-ki/ki or Pts-ko/wt) had increased body weight and elevated intra-abdominal fat. Comprehensive phenotyping of Pts-ki/ki mice revealed alterations in energy metabolism with proportionally higher fat content but lower lean mass, and increased blood glucose and cholesterol. Transcriptome analysis indicated changes in glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes associated with obesity, weight loss, hepatic steatosis, and insulin sensitivity were consistent with the observed phenotypic alterations. We conclude that reduced PTPS activity concomitant with mildly compromised BH4-biosynthesis leads to abnormal body fat distribution and abdominal obesity at least in mice. This study associates a novel single gene mutation with monogenic forms of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germaine Korner
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
- Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Scherer
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
- Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dea Adamsen
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
- Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Rebuffat
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark Crabtree
- BHF Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - Anahita Rassi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rossana Scavelli
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daigo Homma
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Birgit Ledermann
- Division of Animal Facility, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marion Horsch
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Am Forum 8, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- ZIEL - Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, D-85350, Freising, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Valérie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nenad Blau
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Dietmar-Hopp Metabolic Center, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jan Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Am Forum 8, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Beat Thöny
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich, Switzerland.
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Lírio LM, Forechi L, Zanardo TC, Batista HM, Meira EF, Nogueira BV, Mill JG, Baldo MP. Chronic fructose intake accelerates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the presence of essential hypertension. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:85-92. [PMID: 26597602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing epidemic of metabolic syndrome has been related to the increased use of fructose by the food industry. In fact, the use of fructose as an ingredient has increased in sweetened beverages, such as sodas and juices. We thus hypothesized that fructose intake by hypertensive rats would have a worse prognosis in developing metabolic disorder and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS Male Wistar and SHR rats aged 6weeks were given water or fructose (10%) for 6weeks. Blood glucose was measured every two weeks, and insulin and glucose sensitivity tests were assessed at the end of the follow-up. Systolic blood pressure was measure by plethysmography. Lean mass and abdominal fat mass were collected and weighed. Liver tissue was analyzed to determine interstitial fat deposition and fibrosis. RESULTS Fasting glucose increased in animals that underwent a high fructose intake, independent of blood pressure levels. Also, insulin resistance was observed in normotensive and mostly in hypertensive rats after fructose intake. Fructose intake caused a 2.5-fold increase in triglycerides levels in both groups. Fructose intake did not change lean mass. However, we found that fructose intake significantly increased abdominal fat mass deposition in normotensive but not in hypertensive rats. Nevertheless, chronic fructose intake only increased fat deposition and fibrosis in the liver in hypertensive rats. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that, in normotensive and hypertensive rats, fructose intake increased triglycerides and abdominal fat deposition, and caused insulin resistance. However, hypertensive rats that underwent fructose intake also developed interstitial fat deposition and fibrosis in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Mendonça Lírio
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, 29042-755, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Ludimila Forechi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, 29042-755, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Tadeu Caliman Zanardo
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, 29042-755, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Hiago Martins Batista
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Rod Alto Universitário, Guararema, 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Frizera Meira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, 29042-755, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Rod Alto Universitário, Guararema, 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Breno Valentim Nogueira
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, 29042-755, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - José Geraldo Mill
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, 29042-755, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Perim Baldo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, 29042-755, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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Yue Y, Dou L, Wang X, Xue H, Song Y, Li X. Screening β1AR inhibitors by cell membrane chromatography and offline UPLC/MS method for protecting myocardial ischemia. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 115:339-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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45
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Sheedfar F, Sung MM, Aparicio-Vergara M, Kloosterhuis NJ, Miquilena-Colina ME, Vargas-Castrillón J, Febbraio M, Jacobs RL, de Bruin A, Vinciguerra M, García-Monzón C, Hofker MH, Dyck JR, Koonen DPY. Increased hepatic CD36 expression with age is associated with enhanced susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2014; 6:281-95. [PMID: 24751397 PMCID: PMC4032795 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CD36 has been associated with obesity and diabetes in human liver diseases, however, its role in age-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unknown. Therefore, liver biopsies were collected from individuals with histologically normal livers (n=30), and from patients diagnosed with simple steatosis (NAS; n=26). Patients were divided into two groups according to age and liver biopsy samples were immunostained for CD36. NAFLD parameters were examined in young (12-week) and middle-aged (52-week) C57BL/6J mice, some fed with chow-diet and some fed with low-fat (LFD; 10% kcal fat) or high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal fat) for 12-weeks. CD36 expression was positively associated with age in individuals with normal livers but not in NAS patients. However, CD36 was predominantly located at the plasma membrane of hepatocytes in aged NAS patients as compared to young. In chow-fed mice, aging, despite an increase in hepatic CD36 expression, was not associated with the development of NAFLD. However, middle-aged mice did exhibit the development of HFD-induced NAFLD, mediated by an increase of CD36 on the membrane. Enhanced CD36-mediated hepatic fat uptake may contribute to an accelerated progression of NAFLD in mice and humans. Therapies to prevent the increase in CD36 expression and/or CD36 from anchoring at the membrane may prevent the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeba Sheedfar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Molecular Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Blagosklonny MV. Koschei the immortal and anti-aging drugs. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1552. [PMID: 25476900 PMCID: PMC4649836 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In Slavic folklore, Koschei the Immortal was bony, thin and lean. Was his condition caused by severe calorie restriction (CR)? CR deactivates the target of rapamycin pathway and slows down aging. But the life-extending effect of severe CR is limited by starvation. What if Koschei's anti-aging formula included rapamycin? And was rapamycin (or another rapalog) combined with commonly available drugs such as metformin, aspirin, propranolol, angiotensin II receptor blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Blagosklonny
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, BLSC, L3-312, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, USA
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47
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Schiavon FPM, Marques ADCR, Carrara MA, de Souza HM, Schamber CR, Curi R, Bazotte RB. Pivotal role of cAMP in the activation of liver glycogen breakdown in high-fat diet fed mice. Life Sci 2014; 109:111-5. [PMID: 24968301 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Liver glycogen catabolism was evaluated in male Swiss mice fed a high-fat diet rich in saturated fatty acids (HFD) or normal fat diet (NFD) during one week. MAIN METHODS Liver glycogenolysis (LG) and liver glucose production (LGP) were measured either under basal or stimulated conditions (infusion of glycogenolytic agents). Thus, isolated perfused livers from HFD and NFD mice were infused with glycogenolytic agents, i.e., glucagon, epinephrine, phenylephrine, isoproterenol, adenosine-3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), N(6),2'-O-dibutyryl-cAMP (DB-cAMP), 8-bromoadenosine-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) or N(6)-monobutyryl-cAMP (N6-MB-cAMP). Moreover, glycemia and liver glycogen content were measured. KEY FINDINGS Glycemia, liver glycogen content and basal rate of LGP and LG were not influenced by the HFD. However, LGP and LG were lower (p<0.05) in HFD mice during the infusions of glucagon (1 nM), epinephrine (20 μM) or phenylephrine (20 μM). In contrast, the activation of LGP and LG during the infusion of isoproterenol (20 μM) was not different (HFD vs. NFD). Because glucagon showed the most prominent response, the effect of cAMP, its intracellular mediator, on LGP and LG was investigated. cAMP (150 μM) showed lower activation of LGP and LG in the HFD group. However, the activation of LGP and LG was not influenced by HFD whether DB-cAMP (3 μM), 8-Br-cAMP (3 μM) or N6-MB-cAMP (3 μM) were used. SIGNIFICANCE The activation of LGP and LG depends on the intracellular availability of cAMP. It can be concluded that cAMP played a pivotal role on the activation of LG in high-fat diet fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana P M Schiavon
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Helenir Medri de Souza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil
| | | | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto B Bazotte
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil.
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Krishnan TR, Velusamy P, Mangaiah S, Srinivasan A, Vadivel SK, Murugaiyan U, Periandavan K. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate restores the Bcl-2 expression in liver of young rats challenged with hypercholesterolemia but not in aged rats: an insight into its disparity of efficacy on advancing age. Food Funct 2014; 5:916-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60345h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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49
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Yue Y, Xue H, Wang X, Yang Q, Song Y, Li X. High-expression β1
adrenergic receptor/cell membrane chromatography method based on a target receptor to screen active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicines. J Sep Sci 2013; 37:244-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- College of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan China
| | - Hui Xue
- College of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Medicine; Tsinghua University; Bejing China
| | - Yanhong Song
- Shanxi Institute of Feed Supervision and Veterinary Drug; Taiyuan China
| | - Xiaoni Li
- College of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan China
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50
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Sheedfar F, Biase SD, Koonen D, Vinciguerra M. Liver diseases and aging: friends or foes? Aging Cell 2013; 12:950-4. [PMID: 23815295 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is the only internal human organ capable of natural regeneration of lost tissue, as little as 25% of a liver can regenerate into a whole liver. The process of aging predisposes to hepatic functional and structural impairment and metabolic risk. Therefore, understanding how aging could affect the molecular pathology of liver diseases is particularly important, and few studies to date have tackled this complex process. The most common liver disease, affecting one-third of the overall population, is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by an intrahepatic accumulation of lipids. NAFLD can evolve into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the presence of oxidative stress and inflammation. NASH is a serious risk factor for disabling and deadly liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Old age seems to favor NAFLD, NASH, and ultimately HCC, in agreement with the inflamm-aging theory, according to which aging accrues inflammation. However, the incidence of HCC drops significantly in the very elderly (individuals aged more than 70) and the relationship between the progression of NAFLD/NASH/HCC and very old age is obscure. In this review, we discuss the literature and we argue that there might be an age window in which the liver becomes resistant to the development of injury; this needs to be studied to understand fully the interaction between age and liver diseases from a therapeutic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeba Sheedfar
- Molecular Genetics; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG); Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Di Biase
- Andrus Gerontology Center and Department of Biological Sciences; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Debby Koonen
- Molecular Genetics; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG); Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Division of Medicine; University College London (UCL) - Institute for Liver and Digestive Health; Royal Free Hospital; London UK
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute for Science and Technology (IEMEST); Palermo Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences; Division of Internal Medicine; IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”; S. Giovanni Rotondo Italy
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