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Sun Y, Liu H, Mu C, Liu P, Hao C, Xin Y. Early puberty: a review on its role as a risk factor for metabolic and mental disorders. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1326864. [PMID: 39328587 PMCID: PMC11424421 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1326864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that there is a trend of early puberty onset in humans. The early timing of puberty has raised concerns due to its association with significant negative health outcomes. However, overall impact and potential risk of early puberty remain uncertain. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive review of existing epidemiological studies to gain insights into the long-term adverse health effects associated with early puberty. Our objective was to provide a consolidated summary of these outcomes at a population level by considering studies that encompass various indicators of puberty. In all, early puberty has been identified as a potential risk factor for various metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Children who experience early puberty are more likely to have a higher body mass index (BMI) during adulthood, increasing their risk of obesity. Early puberty also has been found to be an independent risk factor for diabetes mellitus, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as earlier onset of menarche in girls and voice breaking in boys is associated with a higher prevalence of T2DM. Furthermore, evidence suggests that early puberty may contribute to an elevated risk of CVD, including conditions like coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, angina, and hypertension. In addition, adolescents who experience early puberty, particularly girls, are more likely to suffer from mental problems, such as behavioral dysfunction and depression. Notably, early puberty has a more significant impact on girls than boys. Further research should consider the underlying mechanisms and potential preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Emergency Response,Tongren Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongren, Guizhou, China
| | - Chunguang Mu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Changfu Hao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongjuan Xin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Hirtz R, Grasemann C, Hölling H, von Holt BH, Albers N, Hinney A, Hebebrand J, Peters T. No relationship between male pubertal timing and depression - new insights from epidemiology and Mendelian randomization. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1975-1984. [PMID: 38515277 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In males, the relationship between pubertal timing and depression is understudied and less consistent than in females, likely for reasons of unmeasured confounding. To clarify this relationship, a combined epidemiological and genetic approach was chosen to exploit the methodological advantages of both approaches. METHODS Data from 2026 males from a nationwide, representative study were used to investigate the non-/linear relationship between pubertal timing defined by the age at voice break and depression, considering a multitude of potential confounders and their interactions with pubertal timing. This analysis was complemented by Mendelian randomization (MR), which is robust to inferential problems inherent to epidemiological studies. We used 71 single nucleotide polymorphisms related to pubertal timing in males as instrumental variable to clarify its causal relationship with depression based on data from 807 553 individuals (246 363 cases and 561 190 controls) by univariable and multivariable MR, including BMI as pleiotropic phenotype. RESULTS Univariable MR indicated a causal effect of pubertal timing on depression risk (inverse-variance weighted: OR 0.93, 95%-CI [0.87-0.99)], p = 0.03). However, this was not confirmed by multivariable MR (inverse-variance weighted: OR 0.95, 95%-CI [0.88-1.02)], p = 0.13), consistent with the epidemiological approach (OR 1.01, 95%-CI [0.81-1.26], p = 0.93). Instead, the multivariable MR study indicated a causal relationship of BMI with depression by two of three methods. CONCLUSIONS Pubertal timing is not related to MDD risk in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Hirtz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rare Diseases, and CeSER, Ruhr-University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 5, 44791 Bochum, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 40211 Essen, Germany
- Helios University Medical Centre Wuppertal - Children's Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Corinna Grasemann
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 40211 Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Hölling
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn-Hergen von Holt
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nicola Albers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Kubo A, Acker J, Aghaee S, Kushi LH, Quesenberry CP, Greenspan LC, Srinivasan S, Kanaya AM, Deardorff J. Pubertal Timing Across Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Subgroups. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2410253. [PMID: 38739393 PMCID: PMC11091761 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Earlier puberty is associated with adverse health outcomes, such as mental health issues in adolescence and cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. Despite rapid growth of the Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander populations in the US, limited research exists on their pubertal timing, potentially masking health disparities. Objective To examine pubertal timing among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander children and adolescents by disaggregating ethnic subgroups. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study included Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander youths aged 5 to 18 years assessed for pubertal development at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, a large, integrated health care delivery system. Follow-up occurred from March 2005, through December 31, 2019. Data were analyzed in October 2023. Exposure Race and ethnicity, categorized into 11 ethnic subgroups: Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, Other South Asian, Other Southeast Asian, Vietnamese, multiethnic, and multiracial. Main Outcomes and Measures Pubertal timing was determined using physician-assessed sexual maturity ratings (SMRs). Outcomes included the median age at transition from SMR 1 (prepubertal) to SMR 2 or higher (pubertal) for onset of genital development (gonadarche) in boys, breast development (thelarche) in girls, and pubic hair development (pubarche) in both boys and girls. Results In this cohort of 107 325 Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander children and adolescents (54.61% boys; 12.96% Asian Indian, 22.24% Chinese, 26.46% Filipino, 1.80% Japanese, 1.66% Korean, 1.96% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 0.86% Other South Asian, 3.26% Other Southeast Asian, 5.99% Vietnamese, 0.74% multiethnic, and 22.05% multiracial), the overall median ages for girls' pubarche and thelarche were 10.98 years (95% CI, 10.96-11.01 years) and 10.13 years (95% CI, 10.11-10.15 years), respectively. For boys' pubarche and gonadarche, median ages were 12.08 years (95% CI, 12.06-12.10 years) and 11.54 years (95% CI, 11.52-11.56 years), respectively. Differences between subgroups with earliest and latest median age at onset were 14 months for girls' pubarche, 8 months for thelarche, 8 months for boys' pubarche, and 4 months for gonadarche. In general, Asian Indian, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and Other South Asian subgroups had the earliest ages at onset across pubertal markers, while East Asian youths exhibited the latest onset. Restricting to those with healthy body mass index did not substantially change the findings. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander children and adolescents, pubertal timing varied considerably across ethnic subgroups. Further investigation is warranted to assess whether these differences contribute to observed health disparities in adulthood, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kubo
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California
| | - Julia Acker
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Sara Aghaee
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California
| | | | | | | | - Shylaja Srinivasan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Alka M. Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
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Gu Q, Wu Y, Feng Z, Chai Y, Hou S, Yu Z, Shen X. Dietary pattern and precocious puberty risk in Chinese girls: a case-control study. Nutr J 2024; 23:14. [PMID: 38291391 PMCID: PMC10829199 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of dietary intake on precocious puberty remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between the amount and frequency of dietary intake and the risk of precocious puberty in Chinese girls. METHODS In this case-control study, we enrolled 185 precocious puberty girls and 185 age-matched controls. Their dietary intake was assessed through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Their sociodemographic and lifestyle data were collected. The associations between dietary intake and risk of precocious puberty were assessed by conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS After multivariate adjustment, consuming a higher amount of red meat was associated with higher precocious puberty risk (OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.25-6.02), while a higher frequency of fruit ( P for trend = 0.024) and amount of vegetable intake was associated with a lower risk of precocious puberty (P for trend = 0.002). The high vegetable and protein dietary pattern was significantly negatively associated with precocious puberty (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63-0.97), whereas the high animal food and fruits dietary pattern was remarkably positively associated with precocious puberty (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.09-1.69), after adjusting for age and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS High vegetable and protein dietary pattern is a protective factor against precocious puberty, while high animal food and fruits dietary pattern is a risk factor for precocious puberty in Chinese girls. Attentions should be paid to a reasonable intake of red meat, eggs, and fruits in children's daily diet, increase their intake of vegetables, in order to reduce the risk of precocious puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Gu
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youmei Wu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Statistics, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuowei Feng
- Department of Paediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimeng Chai
- Department of Paediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Hou
- Department of Paediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Xiuhua Shen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Prince C, Joinson C, Kwong ASF, Fraser A, Heron J. The relationship between timing of onset of menarche and depressive symptoms from adolescence to adulthood. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e60. [PMID: 37766510 PMCID: PMC10539742 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Girls who experience an earlier onset of menarche than their peers are at increased risk of depressive symptoms in mid-adolescence, but it is unclear if this association persists into adulthood. This study examines whether longitudinal patterns of depressive symptoms from adolescence to adulthood vary according to timing of menarche. METHODS About 4,864 female participants in the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children provided data on age at onset of menarche (assessed in repeated questionnaires from 8 to 17 years) and depressive symptoms across nine time points (13 to 26 years) using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire. We compared patterns of depressive symptoms in girls with 'early' (<11.5 years), 'normative' (11.5 to 13.5 years) and 'late' (≥13.5 years) menarche using a linear spline multilevel growth curve model adjusted for indicators of socioeconomic position, father absence and body mass index. RESULTS Early, compared with normative, menarche was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms at age 14 (imputed adjusted estimated difference = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44, 1.45), but the association attenuated at 24 years (0.24 [-0.72, 1.19]). Late menarche, compared with normative, was associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms at age 14 (-0.69 [-1.10, -0.29]), but this association also attenuated at 24 years (-0.15 [-0.92, 0.62]). CONCLUSIONS This study did not find a persistent effect of early menarche, compared to normative, on depressive symptoms. However, our findings are consistent with the level of depressive symptoms increasing at the onset of menarche irrespective of timing. The late onset girls 'catch up' with their peers who experience menarche earlier in terms of depressive symptoms. Future studies should continue to assess the impact of timing of menarche further into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Prince
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C. Joinson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A. S. F. Kwong
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J. Heron
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Kische H, Voss C, Haring R, Ollmann TM, Pieper L, Kirschbaum C, Beesdo-Baum K. Hair androgen concentrations and depressive disorders in adolescents from the general population. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:1375-1389. [PMID: 35112167 PMCID: PMC10326161 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01929-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the link between androgens and depression is well established in adults, the effects of cofactors on this association are less clearly understood, particularly in youth. Epidemiological cohort study of adolescents in Dresden, Germany. Analyses comprised data of 985 individuals assessed at baseline and of 512 individuals at 1-year follow-up. We investigated multivariable regression models for cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of hair testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and their cortisol ratios with 12-month diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD) and MDD without any anxiety disorder assessed with standardized diagnostic interview (DIA-X-5), and with dimensional depression scores (PHQ-9, PROMIS), separately for males and females. The potential moderating effect of social support was determined. Cross-sectional analyses yielded inverse associations of testosterone and DHEA with MDD and MDD without any anxiety disorders in males. In cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, baseline ratio cortisol/DHEA was significantly, inversely associated to PROMIS-depression in males. Only cross-sectional associations for ratio cortisol/DHEA and PROMIS-depression remained significant after Bonferroni-Holm correction. No robust associations were observed in female participants. Social support exerted no consistent moderating effect on the investigated association. The present observational cohort study showed no consistent association of hair androgen concentrations with depressive disorders in adolescents. However, findings provide some support for the association between the cortisol/DHEA ratio and depression in males. Longitudinal research designs in large samples are needed to understand the interplay between androgens, depression, and developmental and social factors in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kische
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Catharina Voss
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robin Haring
- Faculty of Applied Public Health, European University of Applied Sciences, Rostock, Germany
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Theresa Magdalena Ollmann
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Pieper
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS), Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Department of Biopsychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Beesdo-Baum
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS), Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Aghaee S, Deardorff J, Quesenberry CP, Greenspan LC, Kushi LH, Kubo A. Associations Between Childhood Obesity and Pubertal Timing Stratified by Sex and Race/Ethnicity. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:2026-2036. [PMID: 35998084 PMCID: PMC10144668 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier puberty has been associated with numerous adverse mental, emotional, and physical health outcomes. Obesity is a known risk factor for earlier puberty in girls, but research with boys has yielded inconsistent findings. We examined sex- and race/ethnicity-specific associations between childhood obesity and puberty in a multiethnic cohort of 129,824 adolescents born at a Kaiser Permanente Northern California medical facility between 2003 and 2011. We used Weibull regression models to explore associations between childhood obesity and breast development onset (thelarche) in girls, testicular enlargement onset (gonadarche) in boys, and pubic hair development onset (pubarche) in both sexes, adjusting for important confounders. Clear dose-response relationships were observed. Boys with severe obesity had the greatest risk for earlier gonadarche (hazard ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence limit: 1.15, 1.32) and pubarche (hazard ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence limit: 1.34, 1.55), while underweight boys had delayed puberty compared with peers with normal body mass index. A similar dose-response relationship was observed in girls. There were significant interactions between childhood body mass index and race/ethnicity. Childhood obesity is associated with earlier puberty in both boys and girls, and the magnitude of the associations may vary by race/ethnicity. Prevention of childhood obesity may delay pubertal timing and mitigate health risks associated with both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ai Kubo
- Correspondence to Dr. Ai Kubo, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 (e-mail: )
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Zhou J, Zhang F, Zhang S, Li P, Qin X, Yang M, Teng Y, Huang K. Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and pubertal timing in daughters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13418. [PMID: 35014751 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The timing of daughter's puberty onset is constantly earlier. It is still unclear about the maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) as important prenatal factors that may affect offspring's onset of puberty. Thus, we evaluated the association among maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG, and daughters' early pubertal development based on the existing literature. Literature review was conducted in different databases, including Web of Science, Pubmed, Wiley, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases up to June 2021. We selected random effects model or fixed effects model for meta-analysis according to the I2 statistics value to obtain the summary measurement. A total of 12 cohort studies were included. Compared to maternal pre-pregnancy normal weight, maternal pre-pregnancy overall overweight/obesity (RR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.32), obesity (RR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.48), and overweight (RR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.26) were significantly associated with the increased risk of earlier timing of pubertal onset in daughters. Daughters born of mothers with pre-pregnancy overall overweight/obesity, obesity, and overweight had earlier pubertal onset compared to those born of mothers with normal weight ([mean difference = -3.03, 95% CI: -3.97 to -2.10], [mean difference = -3.50, 95% CI: -5.38 to -1.62], and [mean difference = -2.89, 95% CI: -4.07 to -1.71], respectively). The effects were also significant in the assessed three milestones (menarche, breast development, and pubic hair development). Maternal excessive GWG increased the risk of early pubertal timing in daughters (RR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.30).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Zhou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fu Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peixuan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qin
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuzhu Teng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Scientific Research Center in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Bersia M, Berchialla P, Charrier L, Lemma P, Borraccino A, Nardone P, Pierannunzio D, Ciardullo S, Comoretto RI, Dalmasso P. Mental Well-Being: 2010-2018 Trends among Italian Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:863. [PMID: 35055683 PMCID: PMC8775535 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
(1) Aims: To explore temporal trends 2010-2018 of well-being among Italian adolescents and to evaluate potential explanatory factors. (2) Methods: Italian nationality representative samples of students aged 11, 13, and 15 years were recruited in 2010, 2014, and 2018; Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC), for an overall number of 165,000 teenagers. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to fit the trends over time of life satisfaction (LS), psychological (PSY-HC) and somatic health complaints (SOM-HC) considering the contextual factors: school work pressure, social support (family, school, peers), socioeconomic status, geographic area, and immigration background; (3) Results: From 2010 to 2018 while LS was steady, health complaints increased, mainly for PSY-HC, in all age and gender groups. Trend of PSY-HC affected mainly 15-years-olds: rates among boys varied from 29.6% to 35.9% (OR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.02-1.25); among girls from 49.1% to 63.3% (OR: 1.56, 95%CI: 1.42-1.72). High school work pressure and poor social support play a central role in worsening well-being outcomes; (4) Conclusions: Our findings pictured a remarkable worsening trend of teenagers' well-being, especially among 15-year-old girls. Further research will be required to investigate this breaking up of the connection between psychophysical symptomatology and cognitive perception of life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (P.L.); (A.B.); (R.I.C.); (P.D.)
- Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 43, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (P.L.); (A.B.); (R.I.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Patrizia Lemma
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (P.L.); (A.B.); (R.I.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Alberto Borraccino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (P.L.); (A.B.); (R.I.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Paola Nardone
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.N.); (D.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Daniela Pierannunzio
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.N.); (D.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Ciardullo
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.N.); (D.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Rosanna Irene Comoretto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (P.L.); (A.B.); (R.I.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (P.L.); (A.B.); (R.I.C.); (P.D.)
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10
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Pang B, Wang Q, Yang M, Xue M, Zhang Y, Deng X, Zhang Z, Niu W. Identification and Optimization of Contributing Factors for Precocious Puberty by Machine/Deep Learning Methods in Chinese Girls. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:892005. [PMID: 35846287 PMCID: PMC9279618 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.892005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES As the worldwide secular trends are toward earlier puberty, identification of contributing factors for precocious puberty is critical. We aimed to identify and optimize contributing factors responsible for onset of precocious puberty via machine learning/deep learning algorithms in girls. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed among girls aged 6-16 years from 26 schools in Beijing based on a cluster sampling method. Information was gleaned online via questionnaires. Machine/deep learning algorithms were performed using Python language (v3.7.6) on PyCharm platform. RESULTS Of 11308 students enrolled, there are 5527 girls, and 408 of them had experienced precocious puberty. Training 13 machine learning algorithms revealed that gradient boosting machine (GBM) performed best in predicting precocious puberty. By comparison, six top factors including maternal age at menarche, paternal body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio, maternal BMI, screen time, and physical activity were sufficient in prediction performance, with accuracy of 0.9530, precision of 0.9818, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.7861. The performance of the top six factors was further validated by deep learning sequential model, with accuracy reaching 92.9%. CONCLUSIONS We identified six important factors from both parents and girls that can help predict the onset of precocious puberty among Chinese girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Xue
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangling Deng
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- International Medical Services, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenquan Niu, ; Zhixin Zhang,
| | - Wenquan Niu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenquan Niu, ; Zhixin Zhang,
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11
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Age related sex differences in maladaptive regulatory responses to sadness: A study of youths at high and low familial risk for depression. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:574-579. [PMID: 34330054 PMCID: PMC8410675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Offspring of parents with depression histories are at increased risk of developing depression and also report maladaptive ways of self-regulating sadness. Maladaptive regulation of sadness tends to be more prevalent among females than males and has been proposed as one explanation of sex differences in depression rates that emerge around mid-adolescence. However, there is scant information about the age at which the sex differences in maladaptive regulatory responses become evident and whether such age-related sex differences vary depending on depression risk. The present study examined two samples aged 8-18 years: 86 offspring of emotionally healthy parents and 98 offspring of parents with depression histories. Subjects were clinically assessed and provided self-reports of maladaptive responses to sadness. In the combined samples, sex differences in maladaptive responses were significant at age 12.5 years and older ages (i.e., chronologically earlier than the documented emergence of sex differences in depression). While in the high-risk group, sex differences in maladaptive regulatory responses were significant at 12.11 years of age and older, in the low-risk group there was no age at which sex differences were significant. Our findings support the possible mechanistic role of maladaptive emotion regulation in the emergence of sex disparities in depression rates and have implications for prevention.
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12
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Li Y, Dong Y, Zou Z, Gao D, Wang X, Yang Z, Dong B, Ma J. Association between pubertal development and elevated blood pressure in children. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:1498-1505. [PMID: 34216538 PMCID: PMC8678653 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) increased with age and height development, but little was known about the effect of pubertal development on blood pressure in children. A cross‐sectional study was performed among 4146 children aged 7–12 years old in China. Pubertal development was assessed based on breast stages and testicular volume. The associations of pubertal development with BP levels and the rate of elevated blood pressure (EBP) were quantified using multiple linear and logistic regressions. We found that pubertal developmental level was positively correlated with BP, and children who experienced puberty onset and early pubertal timing had higher BP levels and prevalence of EBP. After adjusting for covariates, children experienced puberty onset had 3.84 and 2.24 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, and 70%, 53%, and 62% increased odds of EBP, ESBP, and EDBP, respectively, compared with those without puberty onset. Similar results were observed for children who had early pubertal timing. The change of BP in puberty is greater and the association between pubertal development and BP is stronger in girls than boys. These findings suggested that pubertal development could be an important independent factor and one critical period for the EBP progress. Monitoring and management of pubertal development are necessary particularly among girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Gao
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xijie Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaogeng Yang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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13
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Li C, Zhao Q, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Tell me what you think about: Does parental solicitation weaken the links between pubertal timing and depressive symptoms? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Sharma M, Kundu I, Barai RS, Bhaye S, Desai K, Pokar K, Idicula-Thomas S. Enrichment analyses of diseases and pathways associated with precocious puberty using PrecocityDB. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4203. [PMID: 33602974 PMCID: PMC7893021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Precocious puberty (PP) is an important endocrine disorder affecting children globally. Several genes, SNPs and comorbidities are reported to be associated with PP; however, this data is scattered across scientific literature and has not been systematically collated and analysed. In this study, we present PrecocityDB as the first manually curated online database on genes and their ontology terms, SNPs, and pathways associated with PP. A tool for visualizing SNP coordinates and allelic variation on each chromosome, for genes associated with PP is also incorporated in PrecocityDB. Pathway enrichment analysis of PP-associated genes revealed that endocrine and cancer-related pathways are highly enriched. Disease enrichment analysis indicated that individuals with PP seem to be highly likely to suffer from reproductive and metabolic disorders such as PCOS, hypogonadism, and insulin resistance. PrecocityDB is a useful resource for identification of comorbid conditions and disease risks due to shared genes in PP. PrecocityDB is freely accessible at http://www.precocity.bicnirrh.res.in . The database source code and content can be downloaded through GitHub ( https://github.com/bic-nirrh/precocity ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Sharma
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Indra Kundu
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Ram Shankar Barai
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Sameeksha Bhaye
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Karishma Desai
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Khushal Pokar
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Susan Idicula-Thomas
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India.
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15
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Age-varying associations between lifestyle risk factors and major depressive disorder: a nationally representative cross-sectional study of adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:129-139. [PMID: 32448926 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lifestyle risk factors, such as alcohol use, smoking, high body mass index, poor sleep, and sedentary behavior, represent major public health issues for adolescents. These factors have been associated with increased rates of major depressive disorder (MDD). The purpose of this paper is to investigate critical peaks in the prevalence of MDD at certain ages and to examine how these peaks might be amplified or attenuated by the presence of lifestyle risk factors. METHODS A nationally representative sample of adolescents aged 11-17 years old (n = 2967) and time-varying effect models were used to investigate the associations between lifestyle risk factors and the prevalence of MDD by sex. RESULTS The estimated prevalence of MDD significantly increased among adolescents from 4% (95% CI 3-6%) at 13 years of age to 19% (95% CI 15-24%) at 16 years of age. From the age of 13, males were significantly less likely to have a diagnosis of MDD than females with the maximum sex difference occurring at the age of 15 (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.13-0.47). All lifestyle risk factors were at some point significantly associated with MDD, but these associations did not differ by sex, except for body mass index. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that interventions designed to prevent the development of depression should be implemented in early adolescence, ideally before or at the age of 13 and particularly among young females given that the prevalence of MDD begins to rise and diverge from young males. Interventions should also simultaneously address lifestyle risk factors and symptoms of major depression.
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16
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Hou WK, Hall BJ, Liang L, Li TW, Liu H, Galea S. Probable depression and suicidal ideation in Hong Kong amid massive civil unrest. Ann Epidemiol 2020; 54:45-51. [PMID: 32949722 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined prevalence and correlates of probable depression and suicidal ideation among Hong Kong Chinese residents amidst the anti-extradition bill protests. METHODS Random digit dialing recruited a population-representative sample of Hong Kong residents aged 15 years or older during the first three weeks of July, 2019. Respondents reported current depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, participation in protest activities, attitudes and perceived stress, disruptions to daily routines, and demographics. RESULTS Among 1112 respondents, 25.7% reported probable depression, and 9.1% reported suicidal ideation. Multivariable logistic regression showed that persons with higher odds of probable depression had primary education and high disruptions to regular routines of eating, sleep, socializing, and leisure activities. Persons who were at higher odds of suicidal ideation had lower household income, used social media to engage in the protests, and had medium or high disruptions to regular eating and sleep. CONCLUSIONS During the anti-extradition bill protests, the prevalence of probable depression and suicidal ideation were substantially higher than would be expected and higher than during the Umbrella Movement of 2014. Psychiatric morbidity may be a consequence of massive social movements, particularly among persons with limited protective resources whose daily life is disrupted by these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kai Hou
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Brian J Hall
- New York University (Shanghai), Pudong, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liang
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz Wai Li
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huinan Liu
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sandro Galea
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Cirillo A, Diniz E, Gadelha A, Asevedo E, Axelrud LK, Miguel EC, Rohde LA, Bressan RA, Pan P, Mari JDJ. Population neuroscience: challenges and opportunities for psychiatric research in low- and middle-income countries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 42:442-448. [PMID: 32267341 PMCID: PMC7430393 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Population neuroscience is an emerging field that combines epidemiology and neuroscience to study how genes and the environment shape typical and atypical brain functioning. The objective of this study was to review key studies on population neuroscience from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to identify potential gaps vis-à-vis studies conducted in high-income countries. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to search for longitudinal cohort studies investigating the development of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in LMICs. We performed an electronic search in the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases from inception to July 5th, 2019. Results: We found six cohorts from four countries that met our search criteria: three cohorts from Brazil, one from China, one from South Africa, and one from Mauritius. Relevant examples of findings from these studies are reported. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the impact of the valuable science output these cohort designs promote, allowing LMICs to have a share in frontline global psychiatry research. National and international funding agencies should invest in LMIC population neuroscience in order to promote replication and generalization of research from high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elton Diniz
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elson Asevedo
- Global Mental Health Program, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luiza K Axelrud
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes (INPD), Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eurípedes C Miguel
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes (INPD), Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes (INPD), Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Pan
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jair de J Mari
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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18
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Wang J, Kwok MK, Au Yeung SL, Zhao J, Li AM, Lam HS, Leung GM, Schooling CM. Age of puberty and Sleep duration: Observational and Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3202. [PMID: 32081851 PMCID: PMC7035269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier age of puberty has detrimental consequences for many aspects of health. Here, for the first time, we assessed the association of earlier puberty with sleep duration observationally and with validation using Mendelian Randomization. In the “Children of 1997” birth cohort (n = 8,327), we used adjusted multivariable logistic regression to assess the associations of each clinically assessed marker of earlier puberty with self-report sleep duration in adolescence. Using two-sample MR, we assessed the effect of earlier puberty timing based on 203 single nucleotide polymorphisms applied to genome wide association studies of sleep duration in adults (n = 335,410). In “Children of 1997”, cross-sectionally, older age of menarche was associated with longer (9+ hours) sleep duration [odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.21] at 13.5 years. The other earlier puberty markers were unrelated to sleep duration. Using inverse variance weighting, later of age at menarche increased adult sleep duration [0.020 per category, 95% CI 0.006 to 0.034]. This study demonstrated a causal effect of age at menarche on adult sleep duration, since age of menarche also affects obesity, our novel finding may be relevant to the observed relation of sleep duration with obesity and poor health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Ki Kwok
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiu Lun Au Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Albert Martin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hugh Simon Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gabriel Matthew Leung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Catherine Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,City University of New York, School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, USA.
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19
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Steinbeck KS, Garden FL, Cheng HL, Luscombe GM, Handelsman DJ. Bumpy and Smoother Pathways of Puberty Hormone Change: A Novel Way to Define Gonadal Hormone Trajectories in Adolescents. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvz014. [PMID: 32016164 PMCID: PMC6989013 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The study of gonadal hormone effects on adolescent wellbeing has been limited by logistical challenges. Urine hormone profiling offers new opportunities to understand the health and behavioral implications of puberty hormones. OBJECTIVE To characterize pubertal change in urinary testosterone and estradiol among male and female adolescents, respectively. DESIGN Three-year prospective cohort study. SETTING Australian regional community. PARTICIPANTS 282 (163 male) normally developing adolescents aged 11.8 ± 1.0 years at baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Quarterly urine measurements of testosterone and estradiol (mass spectrometry); annual anthropometric assessment and Tanner stage (TS) self-report. RESULTS Two-class sigmoidal and quadratic growth mixture models (centered on age at TS3) were identified as best-fit for describing testosterone (male) and estradiol (female) change. Classes 1 (male: 63%; female: 82%) and 2 (male: 37%; female: 18%) were respectively named the "stable" and "unstable" trajectories, characterized by different standard deviation of quarterly hormone change and magnitude of hormone peaks and troughs (all P < 0.001). Compared with class 1 (stable), class 2 males were taller at baseline (154 vs 151 cm), reported earlier and faster TS progression (P < 0.01), and showed higher serum testosterone levels at baseline and 3 years (P ≤ 0.01). Class 2 females exhibited smaller height and weight gains over the 3 years and had higher baseline serum estradiol (249 vs 98 pmol/L; P = 0.002) than class 1. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents showed 2 distinct urinary gonadal hormone trajectories, characterized by stability of change over time, which were not associated with consistent anthropometric differences. Results provide a methodology for studying gonadal hormone impacts on other aspects of biopsychosocial wellbeing. Identification of potential "at-risk" hormone groups would be important for planning supportive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine S Steinbeck
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Academic Department of Adolescent Medicine, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Frances L Garden
- University of New South Wales, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Respiratory Medicine Research Stream, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Hoi Lun Cheng
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Academic Department of Adolescent Medicine, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina M Luscombe
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Rural Health, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- The University of Sydney, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia
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20
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Okada N, Yahata N, Koshiyama D, Morita K, Sawada K, Kanata S, Fujikawa S, Sugimoto N, Toriyama R, Masaoka M, Koike S, Araki T, Kano Y, Endo K, Yamasaki S, Ando S, Nishida A, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa M, Kasai K. Smaller anterior subgenual cingulate volume mediates the effect of girls' early sexual maturation on negative psychobehavioral outcome. Neuroimage 2019; 209:116478. [PMID: 31884058 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-maturing girls are relatively likely to experience compromised psychobehavioral outcomes. Some studies have explored the association between puberty and brain morphology in adolescents, while the results were non-specific for females or the method was a region-of-interest analysis. To our knowledge, no large-scale study has comprehensively explored the effects of pubertal timing on whole-brain volumetric development or the neuroanatomical substrates of the association in girls between pubertal timing and psychobehavioral outcomes. We collected structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of a subsample (N = 203, mean age 11.6 years) from a large-scale population-based birth cohort. Tanner stage, a scale of physical maturation in adolescents, was rated almost simultaneously with MRI scan. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire total difficulties (SDQ-TD) scores were rated by primary parents some duration after MRI scan (mean age 12.1 years). In each sex group, we examined brain regions associated with Tanner stage using whole-brain analysis controlling for chronological age, followed by an exploration of brain regions also associated with the SDQ-TD scores. We also performed mediation analyses. In girls, Tanner stage was significantly negatively correlated with gray matter volumes (GMVs) in the anterior/middle cingulate cortex (ACC/MCC), of which the subgenual ACC (sgACC) showed a negative correlation between GMVs and SDQ-TD scores. Smaller GMVs in the sgACC mediated the association between higher Tanner stages and higher SDQ-TD scores. We found no significant results in boys. Our results from a minimally biased, large-scale sample provide new insights into neuroanatomical correlates of the effect of pubertal timing on developmental psychological difficulties emerging in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Noriaki Yahata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan; Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kingo Sawada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Kanata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Sugimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Toriyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mio Masaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; UTokyo Institute for Diversity and Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; UTokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kano
- UTokyo Institute for Diversity and Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Child Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Endo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, School of Advanced Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; UTokyo Institute for Diversity and Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; UTokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Matraszek-Gawron R, Chwil M, Terlecka P, Skoczylas MM. Recent Studies on Anti-Depressant Bioactive Substances in Selected Species from the Genera Hemerocallis and Gladiolus: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040172. [PMID: 31775329 PMCID: PMC6958339 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal therapy is a potential alternative applied to pharmacological alleviation of depression symptoms and treatment of this disorder, which is predicted by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be the most serious health problem worldwide over the next several years. It has been well documented that many herbs with psychotropic effects have far fewer side effects than a variety of pharmaceutical agents used by psychiatrists for the treatment of depression. This systematic review presents literature data on the antidepressant activity of representatives of the genera Hemerocallis (H. fulva and H. citrina Baroni, family Xanthorrhoeaceae) and Gladiolus (G. dalenii, family Iridaceae) and on biologically active compounds and their mechanisms of action to consider the application of herbal preparations supporting the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Matraszek-Gawron
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mirosława Chwil
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-445-66-24
| | - Paulina Terlecka
- Chair and Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał M. Skoczylas
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Unii Lubelskiej Street, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
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Aghaee S, Deardorff J, Greenspan LC, Quesenberry CP, Kushi LH, Kubo A. Breastfeeding and timing of pubertal onset in girls: a multiethnic population-based prospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:277. [PMID: 31399074 PMCID: PMC6688234 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early puberty is associated with higher risk of adverse health and behavioral outcomes throughout adolescence and adulthood. US girls are experiencing earlier puberty with substantial racial/ethnic differences. We examined the association between breastfeeding and pubertal timing to identify modifiable risk factors of early puberty and potential sources of racial/ethnic differences in the timing of pubertal development. Methods A prospective cohort study of 3331 racially/ethnically diverse girls born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) between 2004 and 06. All data were obtained from KPNC electronic clinical and administrative datasets. Mother-reported duration of breastfeeding was obtained from questionnaires administered at each ‘well-baby’ check-up exam throughout the baby’s first year and categorized as ‘Not breastfed’, ‘Breastfed < 6 months’, and ‘Breastfed ≥ 6 months’. Pubertal development data used Tanner stages assessed by pediatricians during routine pediatric checkups starting at age 6. Pubertal onset was defined as transition from Tanner Stage 1 to Tanner Stage 2+ for breast (thelarche) and pubic hair (pubarche). Weibull regression models accommodating for left, right, and interval censoring were used in all analyses. Models were adjusted for maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, parity and prepubertal body mass index (BMI). We also examined race/ethnicity as a potential effect modifier of these associations. Results Not breastfeeding was associated with earlier onset of breast and pubic hair development compared to breastfeeding ≥6 months (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.46; HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.05–1.46, respectively). Breastfeeding for < 6 months was also associated with the risk of earlier pubic hair development (HR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.00–1.30, compared to breastfeeding ≥6 months). Inclusion of girls’ prepubertal BMI slightly attenuated the association between breastfeeding and timing of breast onset but remained significant. The association between not breastfeeding and early breast development may be stronger among African American girls (HR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.01–3.66, no breastfeeding vs. ≥6 months) than other racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions Breastfeeding is an independent predictor of pubertal onset in girls, and the strength of the association may vary by race/ethnicity. Providing breastfeeding support and lactation education for high risk mothers may help prevent earlier pubertal onset and promote positive health outcomes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Aghaee
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Julianna Deardorff
- Division of Maternal and Child Health, University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, 2121 Berkeley Way #5302, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Louise C Greenspan
- Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, 2425 Geary Boulevard, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | | | - Lawrence H Kushi
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Ai Kubo
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
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Aghaee S, Laurent CA, Deardorff J, Ferrara A, Greenspan LC, Quesenberry CP, Kushi LH, Kubo A. Associations of Maternal Gestational Weight Gain and Obesity With the Timing of Pubertal Onset in Daughters. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:1262-1269. [PMID: 30874721 PMCID: PMC6601524 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early puberty is associated with adverse health outcomes, but little is known regarding early-life determinants influencing pubertal timing. We examined the associations between maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and the timing of the onset of breast development (thelarche) and pubic hair development (pubarche) in a cohort of 2,070 girls born in a Kaiser Permanente Northern California facility between 2005 and 2006. Using Weibull regression models accommodating interval censoring and adjusting for important confounders, we found that excess GWG was associated with increased risk of early thelarche (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26, 1.78) and early pubarche (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.66). Inadequate GWG was associated with early thelarche (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.71). The associations between excess or inadequate GWG and risk of earlier thelarche were stronger if mothers were obese before or at the beginning of pregnancy (body mass index ≥30 kg body weight per m height squared) (HR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.53, 2.63; HR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.98, respectively). Similar associations were found for pubarche outcome. Inclusion of girls' prepubertal body mass index slightly attenuated these associations, but they remained significant. Monitoring of maternal weight before and throughout pregnancy might help prevent early pubertal onset and subsequent negative health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Aghaee
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California
| | | | - Julianna Deardorff
- University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, California
| | | | - Louise C Greenspan
- Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Ai Kubo
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California
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24
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Lim LL, Tse G, Choi KC, Zhang J, Luk AOY, Chow E, Ma RCW, Chan MHM, Wing YK, Kong APS, Chan JCN. Temporal changes in obesity and sleep habits in Hong Kong Chinese school children: a prospective study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5881. [PMID: 30971731 PMCID: PMC6458117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the temporal changes in obesity and sleep habits and their relationship in a prospective cohort of healthy Chinese adolescents. We collected data on anthropometric and questionnaire-measured sleep parameters in 2007-2008. 516 participants returned for examinations in 2013-2015. General obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥age- and sex-specific 95th percentile or ≥25 kg/m2 for participants aged <18 or ≥18 years, respectively. Central obesity was defined as waist circumference (WC) ≥ age- and sex-specific 90th percentile or using adult cut-offs. After a mean follow-up of 6.2 ± 0.5 years, the mean BMI increased from 18.5 ± 3.1 to 20.9 ± 3.4 kg/m2. The corresponding WC were 63.7 ± 8.9 and 69.8 ± 9.7 cm. General obesity rate increased from 8.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.1-11.1) to 11.3% (8.7-14.4; p = 0.034). Central obesity rate decreased from 16.9% (13.7-20.4) to 13.5% (10.6-16.8; p = 0.034). During follow-up, more participants reported short sleep (<7 hours/day during weekday: 20.5% [17.1-24.2] vs. 15.3% [12.3-18.8]; p = 0.033) and bedtime after midnight (60.5% [56.2-64.8] vs. 16.2% [13.1-19.7]; p < 0.001) than baseline. The relative risk of overweight/obesity in participants with short sleep and late bedtime was 1.30 (0.48-3.47) and 1.46 (0.70-3.05), respectively. Despite rising rates of unhealthy sleep habits and general obesity, their associations were not significant at 6-year of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Ling Lim
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Asia Diabetes Foundation, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Chow Choi
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrea O Y Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Asia Diabetes Foundation, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael H M Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alice P S Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Asia Diabetes Foundation, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Parato J, Shen H, Smith SS. α4βδ GABA A Receptors Trigger Synaptic Pruning and Reduce Dendritic Length of Female Mouse CA3 Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells at Puberty. Neuroscience 2019; 398:23-36. [PMID: 30496825 PMCID: PMC6411036 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic pruning during adolescence is critical for optimal cognition. The CA3 hippocampus contains unique spine types and plays a pivotal role in pattern separation and seizure generation, where sex differences exist, but adolescent pruning has only been studied in the male. Thus, for the present study we assessed pruning of specific spine types in the CA3 hippocampus during adolescence and investigated a possible mechanism in the female mouse. To this end, we used Golgi-impregnated brains from pubertal (∼PND 35, assessed by vaginal opening) and post-pubertal (PND 56) mice. Spine density was assessed from z-stack (0.1-μm steps) images taken using a Nikon DS-U3 camera through a Nikon Eclipse Ci-L microscope and analyzed with NIS Elements. Spine density decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during adolescence, with 50-60% decreases in mushroom and stubby spine-types (P < 0.05, ∼PND35 vs. PND56) in non-proestrous mice. This was associated with decreases in kalirin-7, a spine protein which stabilizes the cytoskeleton and is required for spine maintenance. Because our previous findings suggest that pubertal increases in α4βδ GABAA receptors (GABARs) trigger pruning in CA1, we investigated their role in CA3. α4 expression in CA3 hippocampus increased 4-fold at puberty (P < 0.05), assessed by immunostaining and verified electrophysiologically by an increased response to gaboxadol (100 nM), which is selective for α4βδ. Knock-out of α4 prevented the pubertal decrease in kalirin-7 and synaptic pruning and also increased the dendritic length, demonstrating a functional link. These data suggest that pubertal α4βδ GABARs alter dendritic morphology and trigger pruning in female CA3 hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Parato
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Sheryl S Smith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
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Health complaints among adolescents in Norway: A twenty-year perspective on trends. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210509. [PMID: 30625222 PMCID: PMC6326500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Examine time trends in health complaints among adolescents in Norway between 1994 and 2014 and among population subgroups, e.g., age and gender, as well as their interactions. Methods Norwegian data on 11-16-year-olds were drawn from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey (HBSC) and analyzed for 1994 (n = 4,952), 1998 (n = 5,026), 2002 (n = 5,023), 2006 (n = 4,711), 2010 (n = 4,342) and 2014 (n = 3,422). Design adjusted linear regression that accounts for clustering effects was used to examine mean scores of two subscales of the HBSC-symptom checklist: psychological and somatic health complaints. Results Psychological and somatic health complaints among adolescents in Norway followed somewhat different trajectories, but the mean scores of both types of health complaints appeared to increase during the 20-year period. For psychological health complaints, there was a three-way interaction between age, gender and time, indicating that increasing trends in health complaints depended on both age and gender, in which older adolescent girls had a greater increase over time relative to younger adolescents and boys. Conclusions Findings from this study, together with earlier findings, suggest that there has been an increasing trend in health complaints among adolescents in Norway from 1994 to 2014, especially among older adolescent girls. Future research should examine if trends in health complaints also depend on gender and age in other contexts. This will help the planning and implementation of tailored and effective interventions.
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Kubo A, Deardorff J, Laurent CA, Ferrara A, Greenspan LC, Quesenberry CP, Kushi LH. Associations Between Maternal Obesity and Pregnancy Hyperglycemia and Timing of Puberty Onset in Adolescent Girls: A Population-Based Study. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:1362-1369. [PMID: 29554198 PMCID: PMC6030998 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early puberty is associated with adverse health outcomes. We investigated whether in utero exposure to maternal obesity is associated with daughters' pubertal timing using 15,267 racially/ethnically diverse Kaiser Permanente Northern California members aged 6-11 years with pediatrician-assessed Tanner staging (2003-2017). We calculated maternal body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2) during pregnancy from the electronic health record data. Using a proportional hazards model with interval censoring, we examined the associations between maternal obesity and girls' pubertal timing, as well as effect modification by race/ethnicity and mediation by prepubertal BMI. Maternal obesity (BMI ≥30) and overweight (BMI 25-29.9) were associated with earlier onset of breast development in girls (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30, 1.49) and HR = 1.21 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.29), respectively), after adjustment for girl's race/ethnicity, maternal age, education, parity, and smoking during pregnancy. There was interaction by race/ethnicity for associations between maternal obesity and girls' pubic hair onset: Associations were strongest among Asian and non-Hispanic white girls (HR = 1.53 (95% CI: 1.24, 1.90) and HR = 1.34 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.52), respectively) and absent for African-American girls. Adjustment for girl's prepubertal BMI only slightly attenuated associations. Our results suggest the importance of maternal metabolic factors during pregnancy in the timing of girls' puberty and potential differences in the associations by race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kubo
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California
| | - Julianna Deardorff
- Division of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | | | | | - Louise C Greenspan
- Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
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28
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Lewis G, Ioannidis K, van Harmelen AL, Neufeld S, Stochl J, Lewis G, Jones PB, Goodyer I. The association between pubertal status and depressive symptoms and diagnoses in adolescent females: A population-based cohort study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198804. [PMID: 29912985 PMCID: PMC6005470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an association between puberty and depression, but many things remain poorly understood. When assessing puberty in females, most studies combine indicators of breast and pubic hair development which are controlled by different hormonal pathways. The contributions of pubertal timing (age at onset) and pubertal status (stage of development, irrespective of timing) are also poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that stage of breast development in female adolescents, controlled largely by increased estradiol, would be more strongly associated with depression than pubic hair development which occurs in both males and females, and is controlled by adrenal androgens. We investigated whether this association was independent of pubertal timing. METHODS ROOTS is an ongoing cohort of 1,238 adolescents (54% female) recruited in Cambridgeshire (UK) at age 14.5, and followed-up at ages 16 and 17.5. Depression was assessed using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) and clinical interview. Breast and pubic hair development were assessed at 14.5, using Tanner rating scales. RESULTS For each increase in Tanner breast stage at 14.5, depressive symptoms increased by 1.4 MFQ points (95% CI 0.6 to 2.3), irrespective of age at onset. Pubic hair status was only associated with depressive symptoms before adjustment for breast status, and was not associated with depression in males. The same pattern was observed longitudinally, and for depression diagnoses. LIMITATIONS We did not directly measure hormone levels, our findings are observational, and the study had a relatively low response rate. CONCLUSIONS Females at more advanced stages of breast development are at increased risk of depression, even if their age at pubertal onset is not early. Alongside social and psychological factors, hormones controlling breast but not pubic hair development may contribute to increased incidence of female depression during puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sharon Neufeld
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Stochl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Gonçalves H, Gonçalves Soares AL, Bierhals IO, Machado AKF, Fernandes MP, Hirschmann R, da Silva TM, Wehrmeister FC, Menezes AMB. Age of sexual initiation and depression in adolescents: Data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort. J Affect Disord 2017; 221:259-266. [PMID: 28662457 PMCID: PMC5523946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that sexual initiation at earlier ages increases the risk of depressive symptoms in adolescents. However, little is known about its association with major depressive episode (MDE). METHODS The association between age of sexual initiation and MDE at 18 years was assessed in the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort using multiple logistic regression. Sexual initiation characteristics (age and type of partner) were assessed at the 15- and 18-years follow-up. The age of sexual initiation was evaluated in categories (11-14, 15-16, 17+ years). The type of partner was categorized into: boyfriend/ girlfriend, casual partner and other. MDE was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). RESULTS From the 4027 adolescents assessed, the prevalence of MDE was higher in females (10.1%) than in males (3.4%), and 66.7% of the males and 58.6% of the females reported sexual initiation up to 16 years (p < 0.001). Female adolescents who had sexual initiation <17 years had higher odds of MDE (15-16 years: OR 2.29; 11-14 years: OR 2.23), however no association was found for males. The type of partner in the first sexual intercourse was not associated to depression. LIMITATIONS Possibility of recall bias on the age of sexual initiation, and low statistical power for some analyses. CONCLUSIONS A positive association between age of sexual initiation and MDE was observed only in females. More investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms through which age of sexual initiation can affect the risk of depression and whether the association persists in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Ana L Gonçalves Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Isabel O Bierhals
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Mayra P Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Roberta Hirschmann
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Thais M da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Ana M B Menezes
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
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