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Chen Y, Zhang Z, He G, Liang H, Song X, Xi J, Wen S, Yuan W, Wang Z, Miao M. Associations of prenatal exposure to bisphenols with infant anthropometry: A prospective cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172409. [PMID: 38636856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenols (BPs) have been shown to exhibit developmental toxicities. Epidemiological evidence on prenatal BPs exposure and infant growth primarily confined scopes to specific BPs and birth outcomes, with few studies focusing on infant growth and reporting inconsistent findings. The joint effect of prenatal exposure to BPs mixture on infant growth was rarely studied. OBJECTIVE This study examined associations of prenatal exposure to individual bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues (bisphenol F [BPF], bisphenol S [BPS], bisphenol AF [BPAF], and tetrachlorobisphenol A [TCBPA]) and their mixture with infant growth. METHODS Urinary concentrations of BPs in pregnant women were quantified. Weight, body mass index, skinfold thickness, and circumference measurements of infants were collected at birth, 6 and 12 months of age, rapid growth and overweight were further defined. Multiple linear regression models and Bayesian kernel machine regression models (BKMR) were used to analyze associations of exposure to individual BPs and BPs mixture with infants' anthropometric measurements, and to identify the important components among mixture. The risks for rapid growth and overweight of each BP were determined using modified Poisson regression models. RESULTS A general profile of higher prenatal BPs exposure (mainly BPA, BPF, and BPS) associated with higher anthropometric measurements and higher risks of overweight during infancy was found. We also observed higher risks of rapid growth in infants following prenatal BPs exposure, with risk ratios ranging from 1.46 to 1.91. The joint effect of BPs mixture and single effect of each BP from the BKMR models were consistent with findings from the linear regression models, further suggesting that associations in girls were generally driven by BPA, BPF, or BPS, while in boys mainly by BPF. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to BPs and their mixture could increase anthropometric measurements of offspring during infancy, with implications of altered growth trajectory in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gengsheng He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No.130, Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiuxia Song
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianya Xi
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Sheng Wen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Toxicology, National Reference Laboratory of Dioxin, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Maohua Miao
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
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Guo X, Han J, Hong L, Huang Y, Li S, Zhang L, Yan W, Dong P, Yang Y, Cao Y. Associations of Early Gut Microbiome and Metabolome with Growth and Body Composition of Preterm Infants Within the First 6 Months. Breastfeed Med 2024; 19:435-444. [PMID: 38501370 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2023.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to explore the associations of growth and body composition with gut microbiome and metabolome in preterm infants. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study including 73 human milk-fed very preterm infants was conducted. During hospitalization, fecal samples were collected to detect microbes and metabolites using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Growth and body composition indices were measured at term equivalent age (TEA) and 6 months of corrected age (CA). Associations of the fecal microbiome and metabolome profiles with growth and body composition indices, as well as their changes, were analyzed. Results: A higher abundance of Streptococcus was associated with a lower fat-free mass (FFM) z-score at 6 months of CA (p = 0.002) and a smaller increase in FFM z-score from TEA to 6 months of CA (p = 0.018). Higher levels of 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) in feces were correlated with a lower z-score of percentage body fat (PBF) (p = 0.018 and 0.020, respectively) and a lower z-score of fat mass (p = 0.044 and 0.043, respectively) at 6 months of CA. A higher level of 6'-SL in feces was correlated with a greater increase in FFM z-score from TEA to 6 months of CA (p = 0.021). Conclusions: This study sheds light on the role of specific microbial-host interactions in metabolic changes in preterm infants, indicating the potential role of sialylated human milk oligosaccharides in optimizing body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Guo
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Han
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyang Hong
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihuang Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of Child Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Meng Y, Thornburg L, Dreisbach C, Orzolek C, Kautz A, Murphy H, Rivera-Núñez Z, Wang C, Miller R, O'Connor T, Barrett E. The role of prenatal maternal sex steroid hormones in weight and adiposity at birth and growth trajectories during infancy. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4178000. [PMID: 38659862 PMCID: PMC11042427 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4178000/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective Intrauterine factors can impact fetal and child growth and may underlie the developmental origins of childhood obesity. Sex steroid hormone exposure during pregnancy is a plausible target because of the impact on placental vascularization, nutrient transportation, bone growth, adipogenesis, and epigenetic modifications. In this study we assessed maternal sex steroid hormones in each trimester in relation to birthweight, neonatal adiposity, and infant growth trajectories, and evaluate sensitive windows of development. Methods Participants from a prospective pregnancy cohort who delivered at term were included in the analysis (n=252). Estrone, estradiol, and estriol, as well as total and free testosterone throughout gestation were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Path analyses were used to assess the direct associations of sex steroid hormones in each trimester with birth outcomes and infant growth trajectories (birth to 12 months) adjusting for covariates and considering moderation by sex. Results The associations between prenatal sex steroid hormones and fetal/infant growth varied by sex and hormone assessment timing. First trimester estrone were associated with higher birthweight z-scores (β=0.37, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.73) and truncal skinfold thickness (TST) at birth (β=0.94, 95%CI: 0.34, 1.54) in female infants. Third trimester total testosterone was associated with higher TST at birth (β=0.61, 95%CI: 0.02, 1.21) in male infants. First trimester estrone/estradiol and first and third trimesters testosterone were associated with lower probabilities of high stable weight trajectory compared to low stable weight trajectory (Estrone: β=-3.87, 95%CI: -6.59, -1.16; First trimester testosterone: β=-3.53, 95%CI: -6.63, -0.43; Third trimester testosterone: β=-3.67, 95%CI: -6.66, -0.69) during infancy in male infants. Conclusions We observed associations between prenatal sex steroid hormone exposure and birthweight, neonatal adiposity and infant growth that were sex and gestational timing dependent. Our findings suggest further investigation on additional mechanisms linking prenatal sex steroid exposure and fetal/postnatal growth is needed.
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Li J, Su X, Zhou Y, Ji H, Xie Z, Sun S, Wang Z, Yuan W, Miao M, Liang H. Association between prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and infant anthropometry: A prospective cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 257:114339. [PMID: 38401404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic organic chemicals with potential endocrine-disrupting effects, and have been found to impair the physical growth of offspring in both experimental and epidemiological studies. We aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal PFAS exposure on repeated measurements of multiple anthropometric indicators in infants. METHOD PFAS were measured in serum samples collected from pregnant women at 12-16 gestational weeks. We calculated z-scores for the weight-for-age (WAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ), head circumference-for-age (HCZ), arm circumference-for-age (ACZ), triceps skinfold-for-age (TSZ), and subscapular skinfold-for-age (SSZ) at birth, 6 months, and 12 months of age according to the child growth standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) for anthropometric indicators. A total of 964 mother-infant pairs were included. A multivariate linear regression was performed to examine the associations between prenatal PFAS concentrations and anthropometric indicators at each time point. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to examine the longitudinal effects of PFAS exposure on repeated measurements of anthropometric indicators. Ultimately, a Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model was used to assess the joint effects of the PFAS mixture on anthropometric indicators. RESULTS In GEE models, perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) in the high tertile group was associated with increased WAZ/WLZ, with β values (95% confidence intervals (CI)) of 0.12 (0.00, 0.23) and 0.18 (0.03, 0.32), respectively. Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) was associated with increased ACZ in the middle and high tertile groups. The BKMR models also presented the associations of the PFAS mixture with increased WAZ/WLZ throughout infancy, with more profound effects in females. Meanwhile, a pattern of inverse associations was observed between the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations in the high tertile group and decreased WAZ, WLZ, and HCZ in males. In addition, the associations between PFAS and increased TSZ/SSZ at birth were identified by both linear regression and BKMR models. CONCLUSION Prenatal PFAS exposure (PFNA and PFDoA) was associated with increased infant anthropometry, especially in female infants, while prenatal PFOA exposure was associated with decreased weight, and head and arm circumference in male infants. The findings indicate that prenatal PFAS exposure may impair the growth trajectory of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincan Li
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiujuan Su
- Clinical Research Centre, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Foetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- National Reference Laboratory of Dioxin, Institute of Health Inspection and Detection, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Honglei Ji
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Songlin Sun
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Leung AKC, Wong AHC, Hon KL. Childhood Obesity: An Updated Review. Curr Pediatr Rev 2024; 20:2-26. [PMID: 35927921 DOI: 10.2174/1573396318666220801093225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is an important and serious public health problem worldwide. OBJECTIVE This article aims to familiarize physicians with the evaluation, management, and prevention of childhood. METHODS A PubMed search was conducted in May, 2021, in Clinical Queries using the key terms "obesity" OR "obese". The search included clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, cohort studies, meta-analyses, observational studies, clinical guidelines, case reports, case series, and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature and children. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. RESULTS Most obese children have exogenous obesity characterized by a growth rate for height above the 50th percentile, normal intelligence, normal genitalia, and lack of historical or physical evidence of an endocrine abnormality or a congenital syndrome. Obese children are at risk for dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, psychosocial disturbances, impaired quality of life, and shorter life expectancy. The multitude of serious comorbidities necessitates effective treatment modalities. Dietary modification, therapeutic exercise, and behavioral modification are the fundamentals of treatment. Pharmacotherapy and/or bariatric surgery should be considered for obese individuals who do not respond to the above measures and suffer from a serious comorbid condition. CONCLUSION Childhood obesity, once established, is often refractory to treatment. Most treatment programs lead to a brief period of weight loss, followed by rapid re-accumulation of the lost weight after the termination of therapy. As such, preventive activity is the key to solving the problem of childhood obesity. Childhood obesity can be prevented by promoting a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and lifestyle modification. Parents should be encouraged to get involved in school and community programs that improve their children's nutritional status and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K C Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, The Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alex H C Wong
- Department of Family Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Wong Ramsey KN, Davis JD, Tanaka JS, Kuo S. Infant Body Composition in an Asian Pacific Islander Population. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:2663-2669. [PMID: 36357640 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normative infant body composition data using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) are from primarily Caucasian populations. Racial differences may exist. OBJECTIVES To describe body composition in Asian and Pacific Islander infants and compare them to previously published data on Caucasian infants. DESIGN Body composition was measured using ADP with the PEA POD® Infant Body Composition System in 249 healthy full-term newborns in a predominately Asian and Pacific Islander population in Hawaii within the first 3 days of life and compared to published data on Caucasian infants with multiple t-tests adjusted for false discovery rate. RESULTS There were no differences in percent body fat between Asian, Pacific Islander, or mixed race Asian Pacific Islander infants. Both Asian and Pacific Islander infants had significantly higher percent body fat than Caucasians from Italy in Europe (13.2% and 11.8% vs 8.9%, p < 0.01 among males, 15.3% and 15.6% vs 8.7%, p < 0.01 among females) but not when compared to Caucasians from New York. CONCLUSIONS Racial and geographical differences in body composition exist at birth between Asian and Pacific Islanders and other Caucasian cohorts. Previously published ADP nomograms must be interpreted with caution. Future studies are needed to investigate the impact of environmental, perinatal, and genetic factors on infant body composition and its relationship to future cardiometabolic morbidity. Efforts to address racial disparities in cardiometabolic disease measures must also address pre-conceptual maternal health, which may have long-term implications on future body composition in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara N Wong Ramsey
- University of Hawaii Department of Pediatrics, John A Burns School of Medicine and Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, 1319 Punahou St, Honolulu, HI, 96826, USA.
| | - James D Davis
- University of Hawaii Department of Biostatistics, John A Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - John S Tanaka
- Hawaii Pacific Health Summer Student Research Program, Honolulu, Hawaii and Duke University Hospital Department of Internal Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sheree Kuo
- University of Hawaii Department of Pediatrics, John A Burns School of Medicine and Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, 1319 Punahou St, Honolulu, HI, 96826, USA
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Rosario FJ, Urschitz J, Powell TL, Brown TL, Jansson T. Overexpression of the LAT1 in primary human trophoblast cells increases the uptake of essential amino acids and activates mTOR signaling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1651-1664. [PMID: 37861075 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The System L amino acid transporter, particularly the isoform Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporter Small Subunit 1 (LAT1) encoded by SLC7A5, is believed to mediate the transfer of essential amino acids in the human placenta. Placental System L amino acid transporter expression and activity is decreased in pregnancies complicated by IUGR and increased in fetal overgrowth. However, it remains unknown if changes in the expression of LAT1 are mechanistically linked to System L amino acid transport activity. Here, we combined overexpression approaches with protein analysis and functional studies in cultured primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells to test the hypothesis that SLC7A5 overexpression increases the uptake of essential amino acids and activates mTOR signaling in PHT cells. Overexpression of SLC7A5 resulted in a marked increase in protein expression of LAT1 in the PHT cells microvillous plasma membrane and System L amino acid transporter activity. Moreover, mTOR signaling was activated, and System A amino acid transporter activity increased following SLC7A5 overexpression, suggesting coordination of trophoblast amino transporter expression and activity to ensure balanced nutrient flux to the fetus. This is the first report showing that overexpression of LAT1 is sufficient to increase the uptake of essential amino acids in PHT cells, which activates mTOR, a master regulator of placental function. The decreased placental System L activity in human IUGR and the increased placental activity of this transporter system in some cases of fetal overgrowth may directly contribute to changes in fetal amino acid availability and altered fetal growth in these pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick J Rosario
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, U.S.A
| | - Johann Urschitz
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, U.S.A
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A
| | - Thomas L Brown
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, U.S.A
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, U.S.A
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, U.S.A
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Hockett CW, Harrall KK, Glueck DH, Dabelea DM. Exposure to Gestational Diabetes and BMI Trajectories Through Adolescence: The Exploring Perinatal Outcomes Among Children Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2898-2906. [PMID: 37200149 PMCID: PMC10583996 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous studies have shown that exposure to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased offspring body mass index (BMI) and risk for overweight or obesity. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore differences in BMI trajectories among youth exposed or not exposed to maternal GDM and understand whether these associations differ across life stages. METHODS Data from 403 mother/child dyads (76 exposed; 327 not exposed) participating in the longitudinal Exploring Perinatal Outcomes among Children (EPOCH) study in Colorado were used. Participants who had 2 or more longitudinal height measurements from 27 months to a maximum of 19 years were included in the analysis. Life stages were defined using puberty related timepoints: early childhood (27 months to pre-adolescent dip [PAD, average age 5.5 years]), middle childhood (from PAD to age at peak height velocity [APHV, average age 12.2 years]), and adolescence (from APHV to 19 years). Separate general linear mixed models, stratified by life stage, were used to assess associations between GDM exposure and offspring BMI. RESULTS There was not a significant association between exposure to GDM and BMI trajectories during early childhood (P = .27). In middle childhood, participants exposed to GDM had higher BMI trajectories compared to those not exposed (males: P = .005, females: P = .002) and adolescent (P = .02) periods. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that children who are exposed to GDM may experience higher BMI trajectories during middle childhood and adolescence, but not during early childhood. These data suggest that efforts to prevent childhood obesity among those exposed in utero to maternal GDM should start before pubertal onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine W Hockett
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Kylie K Harrall
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Deborah H Glueck
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dana M Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Chaudhary A, Nadeem M, Townsend J, Miller VJ, Hajrasouliha AR. Perinatal events and development of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17576. [PMID: 37845273 PMCID: PMC10579364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveitis is one of the most common manifestations of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Currently, JIA is associated with decreased gut microbiota diversity. Studies confirm that perinatal events can cause aberrant microbial colonization. The objective of this study is to determine if JIA is associated with perinatal events with a secondary focus on these variables to the development of JIA-uveitis. 369 patients with strabismus (n = 200) or JIA (n = 196) were included in the study. Completed surveys (JIA 37; strabismus 18) collected data about birth route, pregnancy and labor complications, JIA medications, and the presence of eye disorders. Analysis indicates that there is no relationship between JIA development and the perinatal events investigated. Similarly, no significance was found between JIA-uveitis and birth route or labor complications. Pregnancy complications, namely gestational diabetes (GD), were statistically higher in the JIA group with uveitis compared to JIA without uveitis. The data from this survey study showed that JIA-uveitis was highly associated with pregnancy complications, particularly with GD. However, no statistically significant association was found between JIA and route of delivery, labor complications, or pregnancy complications. Further studies are needed to understand the ways that GD interrelates with the development of uveitis in JIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Chaudhary
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Manahil Nadeem
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jack Townsend
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Victoria J Miller
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Amir R Hajrasouliha
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Jerome ML, Valcarce V, Lach L, Itriago E, Salas AA. Infant body composition: A comprehensive overview of assessment techniques, nutrition factors, and health outcomes. Nutr Clin Pract 2023; 38 Suppl 2:S7-S27. [PMID: 37721459 PMCID: PMC10513728 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Body composition assessment is a valuable tool for clinical assessment and research that has implications for long-term health. Unlike traditional measurements such as anthropometrics or body mass index, body composition assessments provide more accurate measures of body fatness and lean mass. Moreover, depending on the technique, they can offer insight into regional body composition, bone mineral density, and brown adipose tissue. Various methods of body composition assessment exist, including air displacement plethysmography, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance, magnetic resonance imaging, D3 creatine, ultrasound, and skinfold thickness, each with its own strengths and limitations. In infants, several feeding practices and nutrition factors are associated with body composition outcomes, such as breast milk vs formula feeding, protein intake, breast milk composition, and postdischarge formulas for preterm infants. Longitudinal studies suggest that body composition in infancy predicts later body composition, obesity, and other cardiometabolic outcomes in childhood, making it a useful early marker of cardiometabolic health in both term and preterm infants. Emerging evidence also suggests that body composition during infancy predicts neurodevelopmental outcomes, particularly in preterm infants at high risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive overview of body composition assessment techniques, summarize the links between specific nutrition practices and body composition in infancy, and describe the neurodevelopmental and cardiometabolic outcomes associated with body composition patterns in term and preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Lach
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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11
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Dieberger AM, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Harreiter J, Desoye G, van Poppel MNM. Physical activity and sedentary time across pregnancy and associations with neonatal weight, adiposity and cord blood parameters: a secondary analysis of the DALI study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:873-881. [PMID: 37500924 PMCID: PMC10439006 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity during pregnancy is associated with neonatal adiposity, which is a risk factor for childhood obesity. Maternal physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours during pregnancy might modify this risk. We therefore studied associations between maternal PA and sedentary time (ST) during pregnancy and neonatal anthropometry and cord blood parameters and investigated whether associations differed by offspring sex. SUBJECTS/METHODS Participants of the Vitamin D And Lifestyle Intervention for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention (DALI) study with a BMI ≥ 29 kg/m2 were analysed as a cohort. Maternal moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and ST were measured repeatedly with accelerometers across pregnancy. Associations between mean levels and changes in MVPA and ST and birthweight, neonatal adiposity (fat mass (FM)%) and cord blood parameters, including C-peptide, leptin and lipids, were analysed in 213 mother-child pairs with Bayesian multilevel models. Interactions with offspring sex were considered. RESULTS Almost all women decreased MVPA levels and increased ST throughout gestation. Both higher maternal mean MVPA and increasing MVPA were associated with lower offspring FM% in males (-0.520%; 95% CI: -1.011%, -0.031% and -4.649%; -7.876%, -1.432% respectively). In female offspring, mean ST was associated with lower cord blood C-peptide (-0.145 µg/l; -0.279 µg/l, -0.005 µg/l). No associations were found with birthweight or other cord blood parameters. CONCLUSIONS Maternal MVPA is associated with neonatal fat mass, but not birthweight, in male offspring. Our findings underline the importance of physical activity throughout pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Dieberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Endocrinology Lab Platform, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jürgen Harreiter
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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12
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Gilley SP, Harrall KK, Friedman C, Glueck DH, Cohen CC, Perng W, Sauder KA, Krebs NF, Shankar K, Dabelea D. Association of Maternal BMI and Rapid Infant Weight Gain With Childhood Body Size and Composition. Pediatrics 2023; 151:e2022059244. [PMID: 37016999 PMCID: PMC11033707 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-059244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maternal prepregnancy BMI (ppBMI) and an infant's rapid weight gain (RWG) are each associated with increased risk for childhood obesity. We hypothesized that ppBMI and RWG interact to further raise childhood obesity risk. METHODS Mother-infant dyads (n = 414) from the Healthy Start Study, an observational prebirth cohort, were included. RWG was defined as a weight-for-age z score increase of ≥0.67 from birth to 3 to 7 months. Body composition was measured by air displacement plethysmography at age 4 to 7 years. General linear regression models were fit to characterize associations between ppBMI, RWG, and their interaction with the outcomes of childhood BMI-for-age z score and percent fat mass (%FM). RESULTS A total of 18.6% (n = 77) of offspring experienced RWG. Maternal ppBMI and RWG were both positively associated with offspring BMI z score and %FM. RWG amplified the association between ppBMI and BMI z score, especially among females. Females exposed to maternal obesity and RWG had an average BMI at the 94th percentile (1.50 increase in childhood BMI z score) compared with those exposed to normal ppBMI and no RWG (average childhood BMI at the 51st percentile). RWG had a weaker effect on the association between ppBMI and %FM. Adjustment for breastfeeding status or childhood daily caloric intake did not significantly alter findings. CONCLUSIONS Rapid infant weight gain interacts with maternal ppBMI to jointly exacerbate risk of childhood obesity. Pediatric providers should monitor infants for RWG, especially in the context of maternal obesity, to reduce future risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P. Gilley
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kylie K. Harrall
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, and Aurora, Colorado
| | - Chloe Friedman
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, and Aurora, Colorado
| | - Deborah H. Glueck
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, and Aurora, Colorado
| | - Catherine C. Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, and Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wei Perng
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, and Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Katherine A. Sauder
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, and Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nancy F. Krebs
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, and Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, and Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
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13
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Jao J, Sun S, Bonner LB, Legbedze J, Mmasa KN, Makhema J, Mmalane M, Kgole S, Masasa G, Moyo S, Gerschenson M, Mohammed T, Abrams EJ, Kurland IJ, Geffner ME, Powis KM. Lower Insulin Sensitivity in Newborns With In Utero HIV and Antiretroviral Exposure Who Are Uninfected in Botswana. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:2002-2009. [PMID: 36240387 PMCID: PMC10205604 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few data exist on early-life metabolic perturbations in newborns with perinatal HIV and antiretroviral (ARV) exposure but uninfected (HEU) compared to those perinatally HIV unexposed and uninfected (HUU). METHODS We enrolled pregnant persons with HIV (PWH) receiving tenofovir (TDF)/emtricitabine or lamivudine (XTC) plus dolutegravir (DTG) or efavirenz (EFV), and pregnant individuals without HIV, as well as their liveborn infants. Newborns were randomized to receive either zidovudine (AZT) or nevirapine (NVP) postnatal prophylaxis. Preprandial homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was assessed at birth and 1 month. Linear mixed models were fit to assess the association between in utero HIV/ARV exposure and average HOMA-IR from birth to 1 month, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS Of 450 newborns, 306 were HEU. HOMA-IR was higher in newborns HEU versus HUU after adjusting for confounders (mean difference of 0.068 in log HOMA-IR, P = .037). Among newborns HEU, HOMA-IR was not significantly different between TDF/XTC/DTG versus TDF/XTC/EFV in utero ARV exposure and between AZT versus NVP newborn postnatal prophylaxis arms. CONCLUSIONS Newborns HEU versus HUU had lower insulin sensitivity at birth and at 1 month of life, raising potential concern for obesity and other metabolic perturbations later in life for newborns HEU. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03088410.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Jao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lauren B Bonner
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Justine Legbedze
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Keolebogile N Mmasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph Makhema
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mompati Mmalane
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Samuel Kgole
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gosego Masasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sikhulile Moyo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mariana Gerschenson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Terence Mohammed
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elaine J Abrams
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health and Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Irwin J Kurland
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Mitchell E Geffner
- Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kathleen M Powis
- Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Martenies SE, Hoskovec L, Wilson A, Moore BF, Starling AP, Allshouse WB, Adgate JL, Dabelea D, Magzamen S. Using non-parametric Bayes shrinkage to assess relationships between multiple environmental and social stressors and neonatal size and body composition in the Healthy Start cohort. Environ Health 2022; 21:111. [PMID: 36401268 PMCID: PMC9675112 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both environmental and social factors have been linked to birth weight and adiposity at birth, but few studies consider the effects of exposure mixtures. Our objective was to identify which components of a mixture of neighborhood-level environmental and social exposures were driving associations with birth weight and adiposity at birth in the Healthy Start cohort. METHODS Exposures were assessed at the census tract level and included air pollution, built environment characteristics, and socioeconomic status. Prenatal exposures were assigned based on address at enrollment. Birth weight was measured at delivery and adiposity was measured using air displacement plethysmography within three days. We used non-parametric Bayes shrinkage (NPB) to identify exposures that were associated with our outcomes of interest. NPB models were compared to single-predictor linear regression. We also included generalized additive models (GAM) to assess nonlinear relationships. All regression models were adjusted for individual-level covariates, including maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, and smoking. RESULTS Results from NPB models showed most exposures were negatively associated with birth weight, though credible intervals were wide and generally contained zero. However, the NPB model identified an interaction between ozone and temperature on birth weight, and the GAM suggested potential non-linear relationships. For associations between ozone or temperature with birth weight, we observed effect modification by maternal race/ethnicity, where effects were stronger for mothers who identified as a race or ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White. No associations with adiposity at birth were observed. CONCLUSIONS NPB identified prenatal exposures to ozone and temperature as predictors of birth weight, and mothers who identify as a race or ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White might be disproportionately impacted. However, NPB models may have limited applicability when non-linear effects are present. Future work should consider a two-stage approach where NPB is used to reduce dimensionality and alternative approaches examine non-linear effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena E Martenies
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S Goodwin Ave, M/C 052, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Lauren Hoskovec
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Brianna F Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anne P Starling
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD Center), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William B Allshouse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John L Adgate
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD Center), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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15
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Moore THM, Phillips S, Heslehurst N, Hodder RK, Dawson S, Gao Y, Hesketh K, Summerbell CD. Interventions to prevent obesity in children under 2 years old. Hippokratia 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa HM Moore
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (ARC West); University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust; Bristol UK
| | - Sophie Phillips
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences; Durham University; Durham UK
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health; Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
| | - Nicola Heslehurst
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health; Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Rebecca K Hodder
- Hunter New England Population Health; Hunter New England Local Health District; Wallsend Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health; The University of Newcastle; Callaghan Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science; The University of Newcastle; Callaghan Australia
- Population Health Research Program; Hunter Medical Research Institute; New Lambton Heights Australia
| | - Sarah Dawson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (ARC West); University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust; Bristol UK
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Kathryn Hesketh
- MRC Epidemiology Unit; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Carolyn D Summerbell
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences; Durham University; Durham UK
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health; Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
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16
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Versele V, Dieberger A, van Poppel M, Van De Maele K, Deliens T, Aerenhouts D, Clarys P, Devlieger R, Bogaerts A. The influence of parental body composition and lifestyle on offspring growth trajectories. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12929. [PMID: 35578741 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Parental body composition, physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) have been linked with offspring body weight and health. However, independent contributions of body composition, PA and ST of both parents on growth trajectories of their offspring, taking into account sex differences, has not been investigated. METHODS A total of 114 mother-father-child triads were included for analyses. Parental weight, height, PA and ST were objectively measured at 12 weeks of gestation. Gestational weight gain (GWG) and birthweight and -length were obtained from medical records. Offspring weight and length were measured repeatedly until 1 year of age. Longitudinal linear mixed models, stratified by offspring sex, were used to analyse the association between parental characteristics and offspring growth. RESULTS GWG (positive association), maternal moderate-to-vigorous PA (negative association) and paternal ST (positive association) were associated with weight trajectories in girls but not in boys. Parental characteristics were not associated with offspring length trajectories. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the contribution of parental lifestyle characteristics on weight trajectories of their daughters during the first year of life. The paternal impact stresses the need to further investigate health behaviours of expecting fathers in relation to offspring health. Family-based interventions are needed with a focus on increasing PA and limiting ST in both parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickà Versele
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Dieberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mireille van Poppel
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Tom Deliens
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk Aerenhouts
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Clarys
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roland Devlieger
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Fertility, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Annick Bogaerts
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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17
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Hoyt AT, Wilkinson AV, Langlois PH, Galeener CE, Ranjit N, Sauder KA, Dabelea DM, Moore BF. Prenatal exposure to tobacco and adverse birth outcomes: effect modification by folate intake during pregnancy. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2022; 8:6. [PMID: 36096906 PMCID: PMC9465971 DOI: 10.1186/s40748-022-00141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal exposure to tobacco increases the risk for many adverse birth outcomes, but whether diet mitigates these risks has yet to be explored. Here, we examined whether maternal folate intake (from foods and supplements) during pregnancy modified the association between prenatal exposure to tobacco and with preterm delivery, small-for-gestational age (SGA) births, or neonatal adiposity. METHODS Mother-child pairs (n = 701) from Healthy Start were included in this analysis. Urinary cotinine was measured at ~ 27 weeks gestation. Diet was assessed using repeated 24-h dietary recalls. Neonatal adiposity (fat mass percentage) was measured via air displacement plethysmography. Interaction was assessed by including a product term between cotinine (< / ≥ limit of detection [LOD]) and folate (< / ≥ 25th percentile [1077 µg/day]) in separate logistic or linear regression models, adjusting for maternal age, race, ethnicity, education, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and infant sex. RESULTS Approximately 26% of women had detectable levels of cotinine. Folate intake was significantly lower among women with cotinine ≥ LOD as compared to those with cotinine < LOD (1293 µg/day vs. 1418 µg/day; p = 0.01). Folate modified the association between fetal exposure to tobacco with neonatal adiposity (p for interaction = 0.07) and SGA (p for interaction = 0.07). Among those with lower folate intake, fetal exposure to tobacco was associated with lower neonatal adiposity (mean difference: -2.09%; 95% CI: -3.44, -0.74) and increased SGA risk (OR: 4.99; 95% CI: 1.55, 16.14). Conversely, among those with higher folate intake, there was no difference in neonatal adiposity (mean difference: -0.17%; 95% CI: -1.13, 0.79) or SGA risk (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 0.57, 2.31). CONCLUSIONS Increased folate intake during pregnancy (from foods and/or supplements) may mitigate the risk of fetal growth restriction among those who are unable to quit smoking or cannot avoid secondhand smoke during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne T Hoyt
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Anna V Wilkinson
- Department of Epidemiology, UTHealth School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Peter H Langlois
- Department of Epidemiology, UTHealth School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Carol E Galeener
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, UTHealth School of Public Health- Houston Regional Campus, Fleming Center Health for Care Management, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nalini Ranjit
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Katherine A Sauder
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) CenterDepartment of PediatricsSchool of Medicine, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
| | - Dana M Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brianna F Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, UTHealth School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Austin, TX, USA.
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18
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He Y, Ma RCW, McIntyre HD, Sacks DA, Lowe J, Catalano PM, Tam WH. Comparing IADPSG and NICE Diagnostic Criteria for GDM in Predicting Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:2046-2054. [PMID: 35880808 PMCID: PMC9472503 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the performance of diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) proposed by the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) with those endorsed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a secondary data analysis of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) study participants in five study centers. Logistic regression analyses were performed, and Akaike information criterion were applied for the comparison of different statistical prediction models. We further analyzed the performance by four racial/ethnic subgroups, namely, Whites, Hispanics, Asians, and Blacks. RESULTS Among all, IADPSG criteria diagnosed 267 (4.1%) more women with GDM, but predicted primary caesarean section (CS) and large for gestational age (LGA) and neonatal adiposity better than did NICE criteria after adjustment for potential confounders. Among Whites, IADPSG criteria diagnosed 65 (2.5%) more subjects with GDM and predicted LGA and neonatal adiposity better, but predicted hypertensive disorders, primary CS and clinical neonatal hypoglycemia worse. Among Hispanics, the IADPSG criteria diagnosed 203 (12.1%) more with GDM but performed better in predicting hypertensive disorders, LGA, neonatal adiposity, and hyperinsulinemia. Among Asians, the IADPSG criteria diagnosed 34 (2.0%) fewer subjects with GDM but predicted hypertensive disorders better in the unadjusted model. In Blacks, IADPSG criteria diagnosed 34 (10.5%) more women with GDM. CONCLUSIONS IADPSG criteria appear to be more favorable than NICE for identification of adverse pregnancy outcomes among Hispanic and Asian women, while they are comparable to NICE among White women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ronald Ching Wan Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - H David McIntyre
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Sacks
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Julia Lowe
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrick M Catalano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Wing Hung Tam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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19
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Childhood obesity and adverse cardiometabolic risk in large for gestational age infants and potential early preventive strategies: a narrative review. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:653-661. [PMID: 34916624 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01904-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that obesity and cardiometabolic risks become established early in life due to developmental programming and infants born as large for gestational age (LGA) are particularly at risk. This review summarizes the recent literature connecting LGA infants and early childhood obesity and cardiometabolic risk and explores potential preventive interventions in early infancy. With the rising obesity rates in women of childbearing age, the LGA birth rate is about 10%. Recent literature continues to support the higher rates of obesity in LGA infants. However, there is a knowledge gap for their lifetime risk for adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. Potential factors that may modify the risk in early infancy include catch-down early postnatal growth, reduction in body fat growth trajectory, longer breastfeeding duration, and presence of a healthy gut microbiome. The early postnatal period may be a critical window of opportunity for active interventions to mitigate or prevent obesity and potential adverse metabolic consequences in later life. A variety of promising candidate biomarkers for the early identification of metabolic alterations in LGA infants is also discussed. IMPACT: LGA infants are the greatest risk category for future obesity, especially if they experience rapid postnatal growth during infancy. Potential risk modifying secondary prevention strategies in early infancy in LGA infants include catch-down early postnatal growth, reduction in body fat growth trajectory, longer breastfeeding duration, and presence of a healthy gut microbiome. LGA infants may be potential low-hanging fruit targets for early preventive interventions in the fight against childhood obesity.
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Sotiraki M, Malliou A, Tachirai N, Kellari N, Grammatikopoulou MG, Sergentanis TN, Vassilakou T. Burden of Childhood Malnutrition: A Roadmap of Global and European Policies Promoting Healthy Nutrition for Infants and Young Children. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9081179. [PMID: 36010069 PMCID: PMC9406702 DOI: 10.3390/children9081179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Childhood malnutrition is a global epidemic with significant public health ramifications. The alarming increase in childhood obesity rates, in conjunction with the COVID-19 pandemic, pose major challenges. The present review aims to critically discuss policies and action plans promoting healthy nutrition among infants and children, globally. Since the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989 and the joint consortium held by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) that led to the “Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding”, several policymakers and scientific societies have produced relevant reports. Today, the WHO and UNICEF remain the key players on the field, elaborating the guidelines shaped by international expert teams over time, but we still have a long way to go before assuring the health of our children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianthi Sotiraki
- MSc Programme in Public Health, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens University Campus, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Aggeliki Malliou
- MSc Programme in Public Health, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens University Campus, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Ntaniela Tachirai
- MSc Programme in Public Health, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens University Campus, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Kellari
- MSc Programme in Public Health, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens University Campus, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Theodoros N. Sergentanis
- MSc Programme in Public Health, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens University Campus, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Tonia Vassilakou
- MSc Programme in Public Health, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens University Campus, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (T.V.)
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21
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Ong YY, Tint MT, Aris IM, Yuan WL, Chen LW, Fortier MV, Choo J, Ling LH, Shek L, Tan KH, Gluckman PD, Yap F, Chong YS, Godfrey KM, Chong MFF, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Wlodek ME, De Lucia Rolfe E, Ong KK, Michael N, Lee YS. Newborn body composition and child cardiovascular risk markers: a prospective multi-ethnic Asian cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:1835-1846. [PMID: 35906917 PMCID: PMC9749728 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early epidemiological studies have associated low birthweight with increased cardiovascular risk. We aimed to examine whether the fat and fat-free components of birthweight have differing relationships with childhood cardiovascular risk markers. METHODS In the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort, air displacement plethysmography was conducted within 24 h after delivery in 290 naturally conceived singletons. We investigated associations of newborn cohort-specific standardized z-score of fat mass, fat-free mass, body fat percentage and birthweight on child (at 6 years of age) carotid intima-media thickness, pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, prehypertension/hypertension (>110/70 mmHg) and standardized systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) trajectories (at 3-6 years of age), taking account of maternal education, height, tobacco exposure, parity, ethnicity, child's sex, gestational age, age at follow-up, and other maternal factors. RESULTS Clear inverse associations were seen for blood pressure with z-score of fat mass [SBP, β (95% CI): -1.31 mmHg (-2.57, -0.06); DBP: -0.79 mmHg (-1.74, 0.15)] and body fat percentage [SBP: -1.46 mmHg (-2.73, -0.19); DBP: -0.80 mmHg (-1.75, 0.16)], but not with fat-free mass [SBP: 0.27 mmHg (-1.29, 1.83)]; DBP: -0.14 mmHg (-1.30, 1.03)]. Being in the lowest tertile of fat mass or body fat percentage was associated with higher blood pressure trajectories and prehypertension/hypertension risk [OR (95% CI), fat mass: 4.23 (1.41, 12.68); body fat percentage: 3.22 (1.09, 9.53)] without concomitantly higher overweight/obesity risk. CONCLUSIONS At birth, low adiposity was associated with increased childhood blood pressure. Low newborn adiposity might serve as a marker of poor fetal growth or suboptimal intrauterine conditions associated with hypertension risk later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ying Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mya-Thway Tint
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen Lun Yuan
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling-Wei Chen
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore,Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Choo
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lieng Hsi Ling
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
| | - Lynette Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore,Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Academic Medicine Department, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore,Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore,Academic Medicine Department, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Mary F-F Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Public Health Research Program, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Emanuella De Lucia Rolfe
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Yung Seng Lee
- Corresponding author. Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore. E-mail:
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22
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Chen F, Wang J, Liao Z, Zong X, Zhang T, Xie X, Liu G. Body Composition in Preschool Children and the Association With Prepregnancy Weight and Gestational Weight Gain: An Ambispective Cohort Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:881452. [PMID: 35685884 PMCID: PMC9173682 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.881452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the body composition in preschool children and to evaluate the association with prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG). Methods Children were recruited in their first year in kindergarten (3 years old) and followed up for the next 2 years. Information during pregnancy and birth was retrieved from medical records. Height, weight, fat mass, fat-free mass, and percentage of body fat (FM%) were measured through a bioelectrical impedance analysis for each child visit, and BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were calculated. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to evaluate the associations between prepregnancy weight, GWG, and adiposity indicators. Results A total of 3,329 single-birth 3-year-old children were recruited as the baseline population and were followed at 4 and 5 years old. During the 3 years of follow-up, the mean (±SD) values of BMI, FMI, FFMI, and FM% of the children were 15.6 (±1.6) kg/m2, 2.8 (±1.3) kg/m2, 12.8 (±0.7) kg/m2, and 17.2% (±5.8%), respectively. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in mothers before pregnancy were 16.6 and 3.2%, respectively. Mothers were divided into three groups based on GWG: appropriate (1,233, 37.0%), excessive (767, 23.0%), and insufficient (1,329, 39.9%). GLMMs analyses showed that the preschool children’s BMI, FMI, FFMI, and FM% were all significantly positively related to maternal prepregnancy BMI and GWG (all P < 0.001); the children of mothers who were overweight/obese before pregnancy were more likely to be overweight/obese, high FMI, high FFMI, and high FM% at preschool age (all P < 0.001); although maternal excessive GWG was not correlated with offspring’s overweight/obese (P = 0.156), the children of mothers with excessive GWG are more likely to have higher FMI, but not to be with a higher FFMI status than the children of mothers with appropriate GWG. For prepregnancy overweight/obese women, compared with the GWG-appropriate group, maternal excessive GWG was related to the risk of high FMI (coefficient = 0.388, 95% CI: 0.129–0.647) and high FM% (coefficient = 0.352, 95% CI: 0.097–0.607), but was not related to the risk of overweight/obese or high FFMI of the offspring at preschool age. Conclusion Fat mass index decreased with age, while FFMI increased with age among 3- to 5-year-old children. It is necessary to optimize maternal weight prior to conception and GWG management to improve the health outcomes of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Wang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Zijun Liao
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xinnan Zong
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | | | - Gongshu Liu
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
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23
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Aydogan Mathyk B, Piccolo BD, Alvarado F, Shankar K, O'Tierney-Ginn P. Metabolomic signatures of low- and high-adiposity neonates differ based on maternal BMI. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E540-E550. [PMID: 35466692 PMCID: PMC9169820 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00356.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Maternal obesity [body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2] is associated with greater neonatal adiposity, cord blood (CB) insulin levels, and a proinflammatory phenotype at birth, contributing to risk of future cardiometabolic disease in the offspring. Variation in neonatal adiposity within maternal BMI groups is underappreciated, and it remains unclear whether the metabolic impairments at birth are an outcome of maternal obesity or excess fetal fat accrual. We examined the hypothesis that CB metabolites associated with fetal fat accrual differ between offspring of normal-weight and obese women. Umbilical venous blood was collected at the time of scheduled cesarean delivery from 50 normal-weight women (LE; pregravid BMI = 22.3 ± 1.7 kg/m2) and 50 obese women (OB; BMI = 34.5 ± 3.0 kg/m2). Neonatal adiposity was estimated from flank skinfold thickness. The first (low adiposity, LA) and third (high adiposity, HA) tertiles of neonatal %body fat were used to create four groups: OBLA, OBHA, LELA, and LEHA. CB metabolites were measured via untargeted metabolomics. Broadly, the LA offspring of OB women (OBLA) metabolite signature differed from other groups. Lauric acid (C12:0) was 82-118% higher in OBLA vs. all other groups [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.01]. Several other fatty acids, including palmitate, stearate, and linoleate, were higher in OBLA vs. OBHA groups. CB metabolites, such as lauric acid, a medium-chain fatty acid that may improve insulin sensitivity, were associated with neonatal adiposity differently between offspring of women with and without obesity. Changes in metabolically active lipids at birth may have long-term consequences for offspring metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using untargeted metabolomics in 100 newborns, we found that cord blood metabolite signatures associated with neonatal adiposity differed between offspring of women with and without obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Aydogan Mathyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine Brandon Regional Hospital, Brandon, Florida
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Fernanda Alvarado
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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24
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McNelis K, Poindexter A, Goddard G, Riddle S, Wessel J, Helmrath M. Body Composition of Infants With Congenital Gastroschisis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 74:e35-e38. [PMID: 34406999 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Infants born with congenital gastroschisis are at risk for intrauterine growth restriction, small for gestational size at birth, and growth failure during the newborn period despite advanced care. Body composition provides a more complete picture of proportional growth than weight and length alone. Fat-free mass (FFM) represents organ growth, and in preterm infants without gastroschisis, improved FFM deposition is associated with improved neurodevelopmental outcomes. There is limited literature regarding the body composition of infants with gastroschisis. This case series describes the body composition of 10 infants with gastroschisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kera McNelis
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati
| | | | - Gillian Goddard
- Division of Pediatric and General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Stefanie Riddle
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati
| | - Jacqueline Wessel
- Division of Pediatric and General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Michael Helmrath
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati
- Division of Pediatric and General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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25
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LeBlanc ES, Smith NX, Vesco KK, Hillier TA, Stevens VJ. Weight Loss Prior to Pregnancy and Early Gestational Glycemia: Prepare, a Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e5001-e5010. [PMID: 34313765 PMCID: PMC8787851 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Women with elevated body mass index are encouraged to lose weight before pregnancy, but no trials have tested the effects of prepregnancy weight loss on risk of developing gestational diabetes. OBJECTIVE This work aims to determine whether prepregnancy weight loss improved the early metabolic environment as measured by early gestational diabetes diagnosis. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of a pragmatic randomized clinical trial conducted between May 2015 and October 2019 in an integrated health system that encouraged first-trimester gestational diabetes screening for high-risk women, including those with obesity. Women aged 18 to 40 years with a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 27 who were planning pregnancy were randomly assigned to a behavioral weight loss intervention or usual care. Clinical care decisions and data collection were blind to condition assignment. We compared rates of diagnosis with gestational diabetes in early pregnancy between the groups using logistic regression. RESULTS Of 326 participants, 168 (89 in the intervention and 79 in usual care) had singleton pregnancies during the study period. At baseline, mean age was 31.3 ± 3.5 years and BMI was 34.8 ± 5.8. Fifty-nine (66%) intervention participants and 57 (72%) usual care participants underwent early screening. Among those, intervention participants were 73% less likely to be diagnosed with gestational diabetes than usual care participants (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.27; 95% CI, 0.09-0.80). There was no difference in diagnosis of gestational diabetes in later pregnancy (aOR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.41-2.81). CONCLUSION Participation in a prepregnancy weight loss intervention led to lower rates of gestational diabetes diagnosis in early pregnancy. This suggests positive effects of prepregnancy weight loss on the early metabolic environment, a critical factor in offspring metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin S LeBlanc
- Correspondence: Erin S. LeBlanc, MD, Kaiser Permanente, Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA.
| | - Ning X Smith
- Kaiser Permanente, Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kimberly K Vesco
- Kaiser Permanente, Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Teresa A Hillier
- Kaiser Permanente, Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Victor J Stevens
- Kaiser Permanente, Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
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26
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Flanagan EW, Most J, Altazan AD, Boyle KE, Redman LM. A role for the early pregnancy maternal milieu in the intergenerational transmission of obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1780-1786. [PMID: 34734494 PMCID: PMC9208317 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal obesity increases the risks for adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes but with large heterogeneity. This study examined changes to the maternal metabolic milieu across pregnancy in women with obesity. It identified differences between a metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) phenotype and a metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) phenotype, as well as the differences in offspring adiposity between the two metabolic phenotypes. METHODS In early pregnancy, women were classified with MHO (n = 13) or MUO (n = 9) based on the presence of zero or ≥2 risk factors for metabolic syndrome, respectively (systolic blood pressure > 130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure > 85 mm Hg, HDL cholesterol < 50 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol ≥ 100 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, and glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL). Area under the pregnancy concentration curve for glucose and triglycerides measured at early (13-16 weeks), mid- (24-27 weeks), and late (35-37 weeks) pregnancy, gestational weight gain (GWG), energy expenditure, maternal fat accretion, and infant body composition were compared. RESULTS Maternal BMI, GWG, and fat accretion did not differ between MUO and MHO. Women with MUO had a greater area under the pregnancy concentration curve for glucose (+2,170 [382] mg/dL·day, p < 0.001) and triglycerides (+12,211 [3,916] mg/dL·day, p < 0.001). There were no differences in late-pregnancy total daily energy expenditure, but activity energy expenditure was significantly lower in MUO (-403 [144] kcal). MUO offspring had greater weight (+621 [205] g, p = 0.01) and adiposity (+5.8% [2.1%], p = 0.02) at 1 week of life but showed no differences in fat-free mass. CONCLUSIONS Independent of GWG, MUO resulted in heightened exposure of fetal fat-promoting substrates. Differing metabolic phenotypes may explain heterogeneity of offspring adiposity born to women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasper Most
- Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard/Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Abby D. Altazan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisana, USA
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Leanne M. Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisana, USA
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Association of increased abdominal adiposity at birth with altered ventral caudate microstructure. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2396-2403. [PMID: 34282269 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal adiposity is associated with a higher risk of obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in later life. It is however unknown if central food intake regulating networks in the ventral striatum are altered with in-utero abdominal growth, indexed by neonatal adiposity in our current study. We aim to examine the relationship between striatal microstructure and abdominal adipose tissue compartments (AATCs) in Asian neonates from the Growing Up in Singapore Toward healthy Outcomes mother-offspring cohort. STUDY DESIGN About 109 neonates were included in this study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for the brain and abdominal regions between 5 to 17 days of life. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the brain was performed for the derivation of caudate and putamen fractional anisotropy (FA). Abdominal imaging was performed to quantify AATCs namely superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue (sSAT), deep subcutaneous adipose tissue (dSAT), and internal adipose tissue (IAT). Absolute and percentage adipose tissue of total abdominal volume (TAV) were calculated. RESULTS We showed that AATCs at birth were significantly associated with increased FA in bilateral ventral caudate heads which are part of the ventral striatum (sSAT: βleft = 0.56, p < 0.001; βright = 0.65, p < 0.001, dSAT: βleft = 0.43, p < 0.001; βright = 0.52, p < 0.001, IAT: βleft = 0.30, p = 0.005; βright = 0.32, p = 0.002) in neonates with low birth weights adjusted for gestational age. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides preliminary evidence of a potential relationship between neonatal adiposity and in-utero programming of the ventral striatum, a brain structure that governs feeding behavior.
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Daliry A, Pereira ENGDS. Role of Maternal Microbiota and Nutrition in Early-Life Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103533. [PMID: 34684534 PMCID: PMC8540774 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in the prevalence of obesity and other related metabolic diseases has been paralleled by an increase in the frequency of neurodevelopmental problems, which has raised the likelihood of a link between these two phenomena. In this scenario, maternal microbiota is a possible linking mechanistic pathway. According to the “Developmental Origins of Health and Disease” paradigm, environmental exposures (in utero and early life) can permanently alter the body’s structure, physiology, and metabolism, increasing illness risk and/or speeding up disease progression in offspring, adults, and even generations. Nutritional exposure during early developmental stages may induce susceptibility to the later development of human diseases via interactions in the microbiome, including alterations in brain function and behavior of offspring, as explained by the gut–brain axis theory. This review provides an overview of the implications of maternal nutrition on neurodevelopmental disorders and the establishment and maturation of gut microbiota in the offspring.
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Díaz-Rodríguez M, Pérez-Muñoz C, Carretero-Bravo J, Ruíz-Ruíz C, Serrano-Santamaría M, Ferriz-Mas BC. Early Risk Factors for Obesity in the First 1000 Days-Relationship with Body Fat and BMI at 2 Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8179. [PMID: 34360471 PMCID: PMC8346117 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat. Several early developmental factors have been identified which are associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity and increased adiposity in childhood. The primary objective of the present study is to analyse the effect of various early risk factors on Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage at 2 years of age. (2) Methods: A prospective cohort study design was used, with the sample consisting of 109 mother-child pairs from whom data were collected between early pregnancy and 2 years old. Adiposity was determined based on skinfold measurements using the Brooks and Siri formulae. Mean comparison tests (Student's t-test and ANOVAs) and multiple linear regression models were used to analyse the relationship between early programming factors and dependent variables. (3) Results: Maternal excess weight during early pregnancy (β = 0.203, p = 0.026), gestational smoking (β = 0.192, p = 0.036), and accelerated weight gain in the first 2 years (β = - 0.269, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with high body fat percentage. Pre-pregnancy BMI and accelerated weight gain in the first 2 years were associated with high BMI z-score (β = 0.174, p = 0.047 and β = 0.417, p = 0.000 respectively). The cumulative effect of these variables resulted in high values compared to the baseline zero-factor group, with significant differences in BMI z-score (F = 8.640, p = 0.000) and body fat percentage (F = 5.402, p = 0.002) when three factors were present. (4) Conclusions: The presence of several early risk factors related to obesity in infancy was significantly associated with higher BMI z-score and body fat percentage at 2 years of age. The presence of more than one of these variables was also associated with higher adiposity at 2 years of age. Early prevention strategies should address as many of these factors as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Díaz-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (M.D.-R.); (C.P.-M.); (J.C.-B.)
| | - Celia Pérez-Muñoz
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (M.D.-R.); (C.P.-M.); (J.C.-B.)
| | - Jesús Carretero-Bravo
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (M.D.-R.); (C.P.-M.); (J.C.-B.)
| | - Catalina Ruíz-Ruíz
- Clinic Management Unit (CMU), Andalusian Health System, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (C.R.-R.); (M.S.-S.)
| | | | - Bernardo C. Ferriz-Mas
- Clinic Management Unit (CMU), Andalusian Health System, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (C.R.-R.); (M.S.-S.)
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Zhou YB, Liu JM. Optimal gestational weight gain. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2021; 13:100207. [PMID: 34527990 PMCID: PMC8403894 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-bo Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jian-meng Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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Özcan B, Sezgintürk MK. Highly Sensitive and Single-Use Biosensing System Based on a GP Electrode for Analysis of Adiponectin, an Obesity Biomarker. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3658-3668. [PMID: 34260213 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a disposable, novel, and sensitive biosensing system to determine adiponectin, an obesity biomarker, in real human serum. The graphite paper (GP) working electrode is a new material for impedimetric biosensors. In the literature, there is no study in which this electrode is used in impedance-based biosensors for adiponectin detection. Sensitive and useful techniques, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, were utilized for investigation of the modification of the GP electrode surface and optimization and characterization of the constructed biosensor. The single frequency impedance technique was used to study the interactions between antiadiponectin and adiponectin. The morphology of the electrode surface for each immobilization step was examined with scanning electron microscopy. All experimental parameters were optimized to fabricate a rapid and sensitive biosensing system. The designed biosensor presents excellent performance with a wide detection range (0.05-25 pg mL-1) and a low limit of detection (0.0033 pg mL-1) for adiponectin determination. Also, it has been demonstrated that the biosensor sensitively allows for the detection of adiponectin in human serum. The affinity of the designed immunosensor toward other proteins and components was examined in the presence of the target protein (adiponectin), leptin (100 pg mL-1), creatine kinase (50 pg mL-1), parathyroid hormone (50 pg mL-1), and d-glucose (0.5 M). The selectivity of the adiponectin biosensor resulted in high capacity to neglect the interference effect. The constructed biosensor showed good linearity, long-term storage life (10 weeks), high reusability (18 times regenerability), and high ability to detect adiponectin concentrations at picogram levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Özcan
- Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey
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Martin-Hadmaș RM, Martin ȘA, Romonți A, Mărginean CO. Anthropometric Development in Children: Possible Changes in Body Mass, Basal Metabolic Rate and Inflammatory Status. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:455. [PMID: 34071431 PMCID: PMC8228989 DOI: 10.3390/children8060455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Worldwide, public health policies focus on studying dietary patterns and the related anthropometric changes in children. Their aim is to improve the measures meant to reduce global malnutrition rates. Our goal was to study the main changes in the inflammatory status related to anthropometric changes and total daily energy intake. (2) Methods: We tested the study hypothesis by analyzing serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels, cholesterol and triglycerides values, as well as total proteins and creatinine levels, RMR, and food journals in a sample of 160 healthy subjects aged between 6 and 12 years old. (3) Results: IL-6 was correlated with the skinfold values. Changes in the skinfolds were significantly correlated with total proteins and triglycerides. Both weight for age and height for age were related to the skinfold values. Through the BMR measurements, peak carbohydrate metabolism changed significantly based upon IL-6 values, which were significantly correlated with the respiratory coefficient values. Based on the basal metabolic rate, an increased IL-8 ratio was related to the RQ value. (4) Conclusions: Skinfolds have been significantly correlated with IL-6 and IL-8 levels. With changes in body weight, we encountered differences in both serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides values, unlike total proteins and creatinine, which failed to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Maria Martin-Hadmaș
- Department of Community Nutrition and Food Safety, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology from Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Mureș, Romania; (R.M.M.-H.); (A.R.)
| | - Ștefan Adrian Martin
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Physiology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology from Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Mureș, Romania
| | - Adela Romonți
- Department of Community Nutrition and Food Safety, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology from Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Mureș, Romania; (R.M.M.-H.); (A.R.)
| | - Cristina Oana Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics I, “George Emil Palade “University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology from Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Mureș, Romania;
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Maternal dietary fat intake during pregnancy and newborn body composition. J Perinatol 2021; 41:1007-1013. [PMID: 33510420 PMCID: PMC8119319 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-00922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased infant birth weight and adiposity are associated with an altered risk of adult chronic diseases. The objective was to investigate the association between maternal dietary fat intake during pregnancy and newborn adiposity. STUDY DESIGN The study included 79 singleton pregnancies. Associations between maternal dietary fat intake during each trimester and infant adiposity at birth were assessed. RESULT Average total grams of maternal total dietary fat and unsaturated fat intake during pregnancy correlated with infant percent body fat after adjusting for potential confounding variables (r = 0.23, p = 0.045; r = 0.24, p = 0.037). Maternal average daily intake of total fat, saturated fat, and unsaturated fat during the second trimester of pregnancy were each associated with infant percent body fat (r = 0.25, p = 0.029; r = 0.23, p = 0.046; r = 0.25, p = 0.031; respectively). CONCLUSIONS The second trimester of pregnancy is a key time period for fetal adipose tissue metabolic programming and therefore a target for nutritional intervention.
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Alja'nini Z, McNelis KM, Viswanathan S, Goddard GR, Merlino-Barr S, Collin M, Groh-Wargo S. Infant body composition assessment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) using air displacement plethysmography: Strategies for implementation into clinical workflow. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 43:212-222. [PMID: 34024517 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional management is integral to infant care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Recent research on body composition that specifically evaluated fat and fat-free mass has improved our understanding of infant growth and nutritional requirements. The need for body composition monitoring in infants is increasingly recognized as changes in fat mass and fat-free mass associated with early growth can impact clinical outcomes. With the availability of air displacement plethysmography (ADP) as a noninvasive method for assessing infant body composition and published normative gestational age- and sex-specific body composition curves, it is justifiable to integrate this innovation into routine clinical care. Here we describe our experiences in implementing body composition measurement using ADP in routine clinical care in different NICU settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaineh Alja'nini
- Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center Affiliated with Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Kera Michelle McNelis
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sreekanth Viswanathan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Gillian R Goddard
- Division of Pediatric and General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie Merlino-Barr
- Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center Affiliated with Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marc Collin
- Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center Affiliated with Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sharon Groh-Wargo
- Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center Affiliated with Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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35
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Chen Y, Li T, Ji H, Wang X, Sun X, Miao M, Wang Y, Wu Q, Liang H, Yuan W. Associations of maternal soy product consumption and urinary isoflavone concentrations with neonatal anthropometry: A prospective cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:115752. [PMID: 33190984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones (ISOs) are naturally occurring endocrine-disrupting compounds. Few human studies have evaluated the effects of ISO exposure on neonatal anthropometry. This study aimed to examine the associations of maternal soy product consumption and urinary ISO concentrations, including genistein, daidzein, glycitein, and equol, with neonatal anthropometry, based on a Chinese cohort study. In Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study, pregnant women at 12-16 weeks of gestation were recruited, and they completed a structured questionnaire to assess soy product consumption during pregnancy. They also provided a single spot urine sample for the ISO assay. Neonatal anthropometric indices (birth weight; arm, waist, and head circumference; and triceps, back, and abdominal skinfold thickness) were measured at birth. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed among the 1188 mother-infant pairs to examine the associations between maternal soy product consumption and neonatal anthropometry. The same statistical model was applied to examine the associations between maternal ISO exposure and neonatal anthropometry among 480 mother-infant pairs. Neonate girls born to mothers who "sometimes" and "frequent" consumed soy products had 169.1 g (95% confidence interval [CI], -68.9-407.1) and 256.5 g (95% CI, 17.1-495.8) higher birth weight, respectively, than those born to mothers who "never" consumed soy products during pregnancy. We observed consistent associations between higher maternal urine ISO concentrations and increased anthropometric indices (birth weight, arm and waist circumference, and triceps and abdominal skinfold thickness) in neonate girls, while no association was observed among boys. The findings suggested that maternal dietary ISO intake during pregnancy is associated with fetal development in a sex-specific pattern. In addition, follow-up studies are required to evaluate whether the observed changes in anthropometric indices at birth are associated with health conditions later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, China
| | - Tao Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, China
| | - Honglei Ji
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, China
| | - Hong Liang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, China.
| | - Wei Yuan
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, China
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Body composition during the first 4 months in infants affected by neonatal abstinence syndrome: a pilot study. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 13:120-127. [PMID: 33650484 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174421000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) display symptoms related to neurologic excitability and autonomic dysfunction that result in increased metabolic demands. These infants also exhibit feeding difficulties and/or hyperphagia. Because the effects of these symptoms and behaviors on growth are unknown, we sought to measure serial body composition measurements over the first 4 months in infants with NAS requiring pharmacologic treatment using air displacement plethysmography. Fourteen infants of singleton birth with appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) weight and a gestational age of ≥35 weeks and <42 weeks were evaluated. In mixed-effects models, per week, infants increased in mean fat percent by 1.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-1.43), fat mass by 90 g (CI: 70-100), and fat-free mass by 140 g (CI: 130-150). The subgroup of infants (N = 5) requiring multidrug therapy for symptom control had lower mean fat percent (-1.2%, CI: -5.2-2.1), fat mass (-60 g, CI: -25-13), and fat-free mass (-270 g, CI: -610-80) across time compared to infants requiring monotherapy. We are the first to report how body composition measures change over time in a small group of patients with NAS. Infants with NAS were smaller and leaner in the first several weeks compared to previously reported body composition measurements in term infants, but grew similarly to their healthy counterparts by 16 weeks. Infants with more severe NAS may be at risk for abnormalities in longer term growth.
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Abstract
To address the intergenerational transmission of obesity and diabetes, strategies promoting the health of women of reproductive age appear to be urgently needed. In this narrative review, we summarise what has been learned from many prenatal clinical trials, discuss the emerging evidence from preconception clinical trials and highlight persistent gaps and critical future directions. Most trials tested prenatal interventions that resulted in a limited gestational weight gain of ~1 kg and reduced gestational diabetes by 20-30%. These interventions also reduced macrosomia by 20-40% but had little-to-no impact on other offspring outcomes at birth or beyond. Far fewer trials tested preconception interventions, with almost all designed to improve conception or live-birth rates in overweight or obese women with infertility rather than reduce intergenerational risks in diverse populations. Preconception trials have successfully reduced weight by 3-9 kg and improved markers of glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance by the end of the intervention but whether effects were sustained to conception is unclear. Very few studies have reported offspring outcomes at birth and beyond, with no evidence thus far of beneficial effects on offspring obesity or diabetes risks. Further efforts to develop effective and scalable strategies to reduce risk of obesity and diabetes before conception should be prioritised, especially for diverse and under-resourced populations at disparately high risk of obesity and diabetes. Future clinical trials should include interventions with high potential for dissemination, diverse populations, thorough maternal phenotyping from enrolment through to conception and pregnancy, and rigorous assessment of offspring obesity and diabetes risks from birth onwards, including into the third generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Sauder
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Natalie D Ritchie
- Office of Research, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
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38
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Shen B, Singla RK. Secondary Metabolites as Treatment of Choice for Metabolic Disorders and Infectious Diseases & their Metabolic Profiling-Part 2. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 21:1070-1071. [PMID: 33413055 DOI: 10.2174/138920022114201230142204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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González-García L, García-López E, Fernández-Colomer B, Mantecón-Fernández L, Lareu-Vidal S, Suárez-Rodríguez M, Arias-Llorente RP, Solís-Sánchez G. Extrauterine Growth Restriction in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Concordance Between Fenton 2013 and INTERGROWTH-21 st Growth Charts. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:690788. [PMID: 34235126 PMCID: PMC8255477 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.690788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal growth restriction has high prevalence in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm neonates, and this could affect their long-term prognosis. Nowadays, there is no consensus on how to monitor growth in these neonates. Objective: This study aimed to compare prevalence of intra- and extrauterine growth restriction (IUGR and EUGR) in a sample of VLBW infants according to the Fenton 2013 charts and INTERGROWTH-21st (IW-21) standards and to analyze concordance between both in the different EUGR definitions criteria (cross-sectional, dynamic, and true). Patients and Methods: An observational retrospective study of 635 VLBW preterm was performed. The study was carried out in Central University Hospital of Asturias. Body measurements (weight, length, and head circumference) were collected at birth and at hospital discharge and expressed in z-scores for the two references (Fenton 2010 and IW-21). Kappa concordance was calculated. Results: Kappa concordance between Fenton and IW-21 was 0.887 for IUGR and 0.580 for static EUGR. Prevalence was higher according to Fenton in IUGR (36.5 vs. 35.1%), in static EUGR (73.8 vs. 59.3%), and in dynamic EUGR (44.3 vs. 29.3%). Despite observing low prevalence of EUGR when IW-21 was used to define EUGR, a statistical association between neonatal morbidity and diagnosis of EUGR was observed. Conclusion: The Fenton and IW-21 concordance for IUGR is good. IW-21 is more restrictive than Fenton in EUGR. Patients diagnosed by IW-21 as EUGR are more likely to have neonatal morbidity, especially if we use EUGR dynamic definition. In our study, we cannot conclude that one graph is better than the other.
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Hirschler V, Edit S, Miorin C, Guntsche Z, Maldonado N, Garcia C, Lapertosa S, Gonzalez CD. Association Between High Birth Weight and Later Central Obesity in 9-Year-Old Schoolchildren. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 19:213-217. [PMID: 33290153 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Studies have suggested that birth weight (BW) is associated with body mass index (BMI), but its association with waist circumference (WC) in children should be further explored. To determine the association between central obesity (OB) in 9-year-old Argentinean schoolchildren and high BW. Methods: Schoolchildren (n = 2567, 1157 males) aged 8.7 ± 2.1 years from 10 elementary schools in 5 states in Argentina were examined between April 2017 and September 2019. Mothers submitted children's BW information. Pediatricians assessed anthropometric measures and blood pressure (BP). Central OB was defined for children as WC ≥90th percentile for age and gender. Results: The prevalence of overweight (OW) and OB (OW/OB) was 42.7% (1095) and that of central OB was 34.8% (856) in 9-year-old children. The prevalence of low BW (<2500 grams) and high BW (>4000 grams) was 6.6% (n = 169) and 7.4% (n = 190), respectively. BW (3.25 vs. 3.36 kg), weight (31.38 vs. 42.88 kg), BMI (17.29 vs. 22.25 kg/m2), BMI z-scores (z-BMI; 0.25 vs. 1.63), systolic BP (96 vs. 98 mmHg), and diastolic BP (59 vs. 60 mmHg) were significantly lower in 9-year-old children without central OB than in those with central OB, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis using central OB as the dependent variable showed that high BW [odds ratio, 1.98 (95% confidence interval 1.44-2.73)] was associated with central OB, adjusted for age, gender, and systolic and diastolic BP. Conclusion: This study shows that central OB in 9-year-old children was associated with high BW. Future longitudinal studies should be performed to confirm this finding. Clinical Registration number, IATIMET-08102019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Hirschler
- Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Scaiola Edit
- Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Miorin
- Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Zelmira Guntsche
- Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Natacha Maldonado
- Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Concepcion Garcia
- Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lapertosa
- Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio D Gonzalez
- Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pesch MH, Asta K, Lumeng JC. Bridging Obstetrics and Pediatrics to Close the Life Span Gap in Child Obesity Research. Pediatrics 2020; 146:peds.2020-001990. [PMID: 32796096 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-001990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharine Asta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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