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Kamli H, Ali AAM, Salem YH, Shaikh A, El-Nashar HAS. Chemical Profiling and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Essential Oil Isolated from Pistacia khinjuk Leaves: Insights On GC-MS Analysis and Skin Aging-Relevant Enzymes. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202302096. [PMID: 38412297 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202302096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Pistacia khinjuk is a species of flowering plants belonging to family Anacardiaceae, with promising pharmacological activities like antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antimicrobial. This study aimed to investigate the GC-MS chemical composition of essential oil isolated from Pistacia khinjuk leaves and its inhibitory properties against aging-relevant enzymes such a collagenase and elastase. The isolated oil showed predominance of β-cadinene (15.34 %), γ-amorphene (8.50 %), α-cadinol (8.14 %), τ-cadinol (7.57 %), (E)-β-caryophyllene (5.77 %), α-pinene (4.70 %), phytol (4.57 %), α-muurolene (3.30 %), (+)-epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (3.21 %), and cubenene (3.16 %). Further, it showed remarkable inhibitory activities against collagenase and elastase with IC50 values of 15.61±0.69 and 41.12±2.09 μg/mL, respectively compared to epigallocatechin gallate (IC50=29.52±1.3 μg/mL and 26.86±1.37 μg/mL). as a conclusion, the leaf oil is recommended for topical cosmetic preparations to retard skin aging symptoms such as wrinkles. However, the bioavailability assessment and toxicological profile should be considered in the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Kamli
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd-Allah M Ali
- Department of pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmeen H Salem
- Department of pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Shaikh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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Di Lorenzo R, Maisto M, Ricci L, Piccolo V, Marzocchi A, Greco G, Tenore GC, Laneri S. Annurca Apple Oleolite as Functional Ingredient for the Formulation of Cosmetics with Skin-Antiaging Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1677. [PMID: 38338954 PMCID: PMC10855134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of natural remedies for the management of the skin aging process is an increasingly growing issue. In this context, ursolic acid (UA), a ubiquitous molecule, mainly contained in Annurca apple (AA) fruit, has demonstrated valuable cosmetic potential. To this end, in the current study, the AA oleolite (AAO, extract in sunflower oil containing 784.40 ± 7.579 µg/mL of UA) was evaluated to inhibit porcine elastase enzymatic reactions through a validated spectrophotometric method. AAO has shown a valuable capacity to contrast the elastase enzyme with a calculated IC50 of 212.76 mg/mL, in comparison to UA (IC50 of 135.24 μg/mL) pure molecules and quercetin (IC50 of 72.47 μg/mL) which are used as positive controls. In this context and in view of the valuable antioxidant potential of AAO, its topical formulation with 2.5% (w/w) AAO was tested in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, two-arm clinical study on 40 volunteers. Our results indicated that after 28 days of treatment, a significant reduction of the nasolabial fold (-7.2 vs. baseline T0, p < 0.001) and forehead wrinkles (-5.3 vs. baseline T0, p < 0.001) were registered in combination with a valuable improvement of the viscoelastic skin parameters, where skin pliability/firmness (R0) and gross elasticity (R2) were significantly ameliorated (-13% vs. baseline T0, p < 0.001 for R0 and +12% vs. baseline T0, p < 0.001 for R2). Finally, considering the positive correlation between skin elasticity and hydration, the skin moisture was evaluated through the estimation of Trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritamaria Di Lorenzo
- RD Cosmetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.R.); (G.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Maria Maisto
- ChimNutra Labs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.P.); (A.M.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Lucia Ricci
- RD Cosmetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.R.); (G.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Piccolo
- ChimNutra Labs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.P.); (A.M.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Adua Marzocchi
- ChimNutra Labs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.P.); (A.M.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Giovanni Greco
- RD Cosmetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.R.); (G.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- ChimNutra Labs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.P.); (A.M.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Sonia Laneri
- RD Cosmetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.R.); (G.G.); (S.L.)
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Augustyniak A, Gottardi D, Giordani B, Gaffey J, Mc Mahon H. Dairy bioactives and functional ingredients with skin health benefits. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Saïd Hassane C, Tintillier F, Campos PE, Herbette G, de Voogd NJ, Ouazzani J, Fouillaud M, Dufossé L, Gauvin-Bialecki A. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers isolated from the marine sponge Lendenfeldia chondrodes collected in Mayotte. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37086477 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2204431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
CDK7 and FynB protein kinases have been recognized as relevant targets for cancer and brain diseases treatment due to their pivotal regulatory roles in cellular functions such as cell cycle and neural signal transduction. Several studies demonstrated that the inhibition of these proteins could be useful in altering the onset or progression of these diseases. Based on bioassay-guided approach, the extract of the marine sponge Lendenfeldia chondrodes (Thorectidae), which exhibited interesting kinase inhibitory activities, was fractionated. The investigation led to the isolation of five known 1-5 and one new 6 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Their structure elucidation was established based on spectroscopic data (NMR and HRMS) and comparison with literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charifat Saïd Hassane
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Florent Tintillier
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Pierre-Eric Campos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans - Pôle de chimie, Orléans, France
| | - Gaëtan Herbette
- Spectropole, FSCM CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nicole J de Voogd
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jamal Ouazzani
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mireille Fouillaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Anne Gauvin-Bialecki
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
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Prasad KN. A micronutrient mixture with collagen peptides, probiotics, cannabidiol, and diet may reduce aging, and development and progression of age-related alzheimer's disease, and improve its treatment. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 210:111757. [PMID: 36460123 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human aging involves gradual decline in organ functions leading to organ specific age-related chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although advances in the development of new drugs, novel surgical procedures, improved diet and lifestyle, have resulted in doubling of lifespan of humans, the quality of life in many cases remains poor because of increased incidence of age-related chronic diseases. Using experimental models of accelerated aging, several cellular defects associated with aging and AD have been identified. Some cellular defects due to increased oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, autophagy defects, mitochondrial dysfunction, and imbalances in the composition probiotics in favor of harmful bacteria over beneficial bacteria are common to both aging and AD, while others such as telomere attrition, loss of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid, failure of DNA repair system, and impaired immune function are unique to aging; and some such as increased production of beta-amyloids, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and abnormal behaviors are unique to AD. It is suggested that supplementation with a micronutrient mixture, probiotics, collagen peptides, CBD, and modifications in the diet and lifestyle may reduce the aging processes, and the development, progression of AD, and improve the treatments of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedar N Prasad
- Engage Global, Inc. 245 El Faisan Dr., San Rafael, CA 94903, USA.
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Amino Acid Substitutions at P1 Position Change the Inhibitory Activity and Specificity of Protease Inhibitors BmSPI38 and BmSPI39 from Bombyx mori. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052073. [PMID: 36903318 PMCID: PMC10004685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It was found that silkworm serine protease inhibitors BmSPI38 and BmSPI39 were very different from typical TIL-type protease inhibitors in sequence, structure, and activity. BmSPI38 and BmSPI39 with unique structure and activity may be good models for studying the relationship between the structure and function of small-molecule TIL-type protease inhibitors. In this study, site-directed saturation mutagenesis at the P1 position was conducted to investigate the effect of P1 sites on the inhibitory activity and specificity of BmSPI38 and BmSPI39. In-gel activity staining and protease inhibition experiments confirmed that BmSPI38 and BmSPI39 could strongly inhibit elastase activity. Almost all mutant proteins of BmSPI38 and BmSPI39 retained the inhibitory activities against subtilisin and elastase, but the replacement of P1 residues greatly affected their intrinsic inhibitory activities. Overall, the substitution of Gly54 in BmSPI38 and Ala56 in BmSPI39 with Gln, Ser, or Thr was able to significantly enhance their inhibitory activities against subtilisin and elastase. However, replacing P1 residues in BmSPI38 and BmSPI39 with Ile, Trp, Pro, or Val could seriously weaken their inhibitory activity against subtilisin and elastase. The replacement of P1 residues with Arg or Lys not only reduced the intrinsic activities of BmSPI38 and BmSPI39, but also resulted in the acquisition of stronger trypsin inhibitory activities and weaker chymotrypsin inhibitory activities. The activity staining results showed that BmSPI38(G54K), BmSPI39(A56R), and BmSPI39(A56K) had extremely high acid-base and thermal stability. In conclusion, this study not only confirmed that BmSPI38 and BmSPI39 had strong elastase inhibitory activity, but also confirmed that P1 residue replacement could change their activity and inhibitory specificity. This not only provides a new perspective and idea for the exploitation and utilization of BmSPI38 and BmSPI39 in biomedicine and pest control, but also provides a basis or reference for the activity and specificity modification of TIL-type protease inhibitors.
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Bozkurt B, Nair AP, Misra A, Scott CZ, Mahar JH, Fedson S. Neprilysin Inhibitors in Heart Failure: The Science, Mechanism of Action, Clinical Studies, and Unanswered Questions. JACC. BASIC TO TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:88-105. [PMID: 36777165 PMCID: PMC9911324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a contemporary review and a new perspective on the role of neprilysin inhibition in heart failure (HF) in the context of recent clinical trials and addresses potential mechanisms and unanswered questions in certain HF patient populations. Neprilysin is an endopeptidase that cleaves a variety of peptides such as natriuretic peptides, bradykinin, adrenomedullin, substance P, angiotensin I and II, and endothelin. It has a broad role in cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and neurologic functions. The combined angiotensin receptor and neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi) has been developed with an intent to increase vasodilatory natriuretic peptides and prevent counterregulatory activation of the angiotensin system. ARNi therapy is very effective in reducing the risks of death and hospitalization for HF in patients with HF and New York Heart Association functional class II to III symptoms, but studies failed to show any benefits with ARNi when compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blocker in patients with advanced HF with reduced ejection fraction or in patients following myocardial infarction with left ventricular dysfunction but without HF. These raise the questions about whether the enzymatic breakdown of natriuretic peptides may not be a very effective solution in advanced HF patients when there is downstream blunting of the response to natriuretic peptides or among post-myocardial infarction patients in the absence of HF when there may not be a need for increased natriuretic peptide availability. Furthermore, there is a need for additional studies to determine the long-term effects of ARNi on albuminuria, obesity, glycemic control and lipid profile, blood pressure, and cognitive function in patients with HF.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme
- ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide
- ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker
- ARN, angiotensin receptor–neprilysin
- ARNi
- Aβ, amyloid beta
- BNP, brain natriuretic peptide
- BP, blood pressure
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- EF, ejection fraction
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- GFR, glomerular filtration rate
- HF, heart failure
- HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- LV, left ventricular
- LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction
- MI, myocardial infarction
- NEP inhibitor
- NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide
- NYHA, New York Heart Association
- PDE, phosphodiesterase
- RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- UACR, urinary albumin/creatine ratio
- angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
- heart failure
- neprilysin
- neprilysin inhibitor
- sacubitril
- sacubitril/valsartan
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Affiliation(s)
- Biykem Bozkurt
- Winters Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston Texas, USA
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston Texas, USA
- Address for correspondence: Dr Biykem Bozkurt, MEDVAMC, 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
| | - Ajith P. Nair
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Arunima Misra
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston Texas, USA
| | - Claire Z. Scott
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jamal H. Mahar
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Savitri Fedson
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston Texas, USA
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Abdelfattah MAO, Dmirieh M, Ben Bakrim W, Mouhtady O, Ghareeb MA, Wink M, Sobeh M. Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of Warburgia salutaris bark aqueous extract: Evidences from in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115187. [PMID: 35288287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Warburgia (family Canellaceae) is widely distributed over Afrotropical and Neotropical realms. Traditionally, W. salutaris (G. Bertol.) Chiov., and other Warburgia species are used as anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antimicrobial, and for wound healing, and treating several skin complaints as well. Specifically, different extracts from W. salutaris were reported to possess diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of an aqueous extract from W. salutaris bark, and evaluate its antioxidant and anti-aging activities in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPLC-PDA-MS/MS was used to investigate the phytochemical components of the extract. The antioxidant potential of the extract was evaluated in vitro using DPPH and FRAP assays. The Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes model was adopted to investigate the antioxidant and the anti-aging effects in vivo by determining the worms' survival rate, level of ROS, HSP16 expression, and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor DAF16. Molecular operating environment (MOE) software was utilized for in silico molecular docking of the extract's components into different enzymes involved in the aging process. Anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-hyaluronidase assays were used to evaluate the anti-aging effects in vitro. RESULTS HPLC-MS analysis furnished 30 compounds, among them catechin, 11α-hydroxy muzigadiolide, mukaadial, pereniporin B, and 11α-hydroxycinnamosmolide. The major components of the extract showed appropriate fitting in the binding site of the target enzymes adopted in the study with considerable minimum free binding energy relative to the standard inhibitors. The extract showed substantial in vitro antioxidant activity in DPPH and FRAP assays and in vitro anti-aging assays against collagenase, elastase, tyrosinase, and hyaluronidase with comparable IC50 values to the reference standards. Moreover, it attenuated oxidative stress in vivo as it significantly increased the survival rate of ROS stressed C. elegans worms, decreased intracellular ROS, decreased the juglone-induced HSP16 expression and enhanced the nuclear localization of DAF16 in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Our results support the traditional use of W. salutaris to counteract inflammation and oxidative stress associated with several pathological conditions. In addition, W. salutaris bark extract can be considered as a substantial source for bioactive metabolites with strong potential as anti-aging and antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malak Dmirieh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Widad Ben Bakrim
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay MoulayRachid, Ben-Guerir, 43150, Morocco; African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
| | - Omar Mouhtady
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Mosad A Ghareeb
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornish El-Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay MoulayRachid, Ben-Guerir, 43150, Morocco.
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New Metabolites from the Marine Sponge Scopalina hapalia Collected in Mayotte Lagoon. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030186. [PMID: 35323485 PMCID: PMC8951328 DOI: 10.3390/md20030186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological screening of 44 marine sponge extracts for the research of bioactive molecules, with potential application in the treatment of age-related diseases (cancer and Alzheimer’s disease) and skin aging, resulted in the selection of Scopalina hapalia extract for chemical study. As no reports of secondary metabolites of S. hapalia were found in the literature, we undertook this research to further extend current knowledge of Scopalina chemistry. The investigation of this species led to the discovery of four new compounds: two butenolides sinularone J (1) and sinularone K (2), one phospholipid 1-O-octadecyl-2-pentanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (3) and one lysophospholipid 1-O-(3-methoxy-tetradecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (4) alongside with known lysophospholipids (5 and 6), alkylglycerols (7–10), epidioxysterols (11 and 12) and diketopiperazines (13 and 14). The structure elucidation of the new metabolites (1–4) was determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR as well as mass spectrometry. Molecular networking was also explored to complement classical investigation and unravel the chemical classes within this species. GNPS analysis provided further information on potential metabolites with additional bioactive natural compounds predicted.
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Lim CJ, Lim HW, Huang YH, Park M. Evaluation on the skin anti-aging potential of an aqueous extract from Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. Pharmacogn Mag 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_366_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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11
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Jakimiuk K, Gesek J, Atanasov AG, Tomczyk M. Flavonoids as inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1016-1028. [PMID: 33980119 PMCID: PMC8128182 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1927006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastase is a proteolytic enzyme belonging to the family of hydrolases produced by human neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Human neutrophil elastase is known to play multiple roles in the human body, but an increase in its activity may cause a variety of diseases. Elastase inhibitors may prevent the development of psoriasis, chronic kidney disease, respiratory disorders (including COVID-19), immune disorders, and even cancers. Among polyphenolic compounds, some flavonoids and their derivatives, which are mostly found in herbal plants, have been revealed to influence elastase release and its action on human cells. This review focuses on elastase inhibitors that have been discovered from natural sources and are biochemically characterised as flavonoids. The inhibitory activity on elastase is a characteristic of flavonoid aglycones and their glycoside and methylated, acetylated and hydroxylated derivatives. The presented analysis of structure-activity relationship (SAR) enables the determination of the chemical groups responsible for evoking an inhibitory effect on elastase. Further study especially of the in vivo efficacy and safety of the described natural compounds is of interest in order to gain better understanding of their health-promoting potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jakimiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jakub Gesek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Białystok, Student’s Scientific Association, Białystok, Poland
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Li H, He H, Liu C, Akanji T, Gutkowski J, Li R, Ma H, Wan Y, Wu P, Li D, Seeram NP, Ma H. Dietary polyphenol oleuropein and its metabolite hydroxytyrosol are moderate skin permeable elastase and collagenase inhibitors with synergistic cellular antioxidant effects in human skin fibroblasts. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 73:460-470. [PMID: 34719319 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1996542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Oleuropein (OLE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) are dietary polyphenols with skin beneficial effects but their effects on skin-ageing-related enzymes are not clear. Herein, we evaluated their inhibitory effects on elastase and collagenase. OLE and HT (62.5-1 000 μM) showed moderate anti-elastase and anti-collagenase effects (5.1-26.3%, 5.8-12.2% and 12.6-31.0%, 11.6-31.9% inhibition, respectively). Combinations of OLE and HT (1:1 ratio) exerted synergistic inhibitory effects on elastase, which were supported by their combination index (CI), kinetic assay and computational docking. Moreover, HT (100 μM) reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human dermal fibroblast cells by 21.8 and 15.2%, respectively. In addition, combinations of OLE and HT (6.25/6.25-100/100 μM) exerted synergistic cytoprotective effects by reducing ROS levels by 7.6-37.3% with CIs of 0.17-0.44, respectively. The findings from this study support the cosmeceutical activities of OLE and HT but further research is warranted to evaluate their anti-skin-ageing effects using in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China.,Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Hao He
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China.,Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Toyosi Akanji
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Justin Gutkowski
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Ruilian Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi 'an, China
| | - Huiqun Ma
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi 'an, China
| | - Yinsheng Wan
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China.,Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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13
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Lee H, Kim K, Oh C, Park CH, Aliya S, Kim HS, Bajpai VK, Huh YS. Antioxidant and anti-aging potential of a peptide formulation (Gal 2-Pep) conjugated with gallic acid. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29407-29415. [PMID: 35479554 PMCID: PMC9040627 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is highly vulnerable to premature aging due to external stress, therefore, in this study, a peptide formulation, (galloyl)2-KTPPTTP (Gal2-Pep) was synthesized by combining TPPTTP peptide, and gallic acid (GA). All peptides were synthesized on 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), and analyzed on an electrospray ionization (ESI)/quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q-TOF) tandem mass spectroscopy (MS) system. Initially, Gal2-Pep showed no toxicity below the concentration 100 μM with cell survival rate of 88% for keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity of Gal2-Pep was more stable compared to GA alone; and after four weeks at room temperature, its ROS scavenging activity remained higher than 50%. Moreover, the peptide formulation, Gal2-Pep also exhibited elastase inhibitory effect in CCD-1064Sk fibroblast cells. Based on the results of RT-qPCR, it was proved in this study that Gal2-Pep increased the expression of PGC-1α to prevent oxidative stress, and validated its potential as an anti-aging agent through increasing the expression of type I collagen and by decreasing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1). The findings obtained reinforce the suggestion that the peptide formulation synthesized in this study could be used as a natural antioxidant and anti-aging agent for its cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoomin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Nano Bio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanwoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Nano Bio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolwoo Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Nano Bio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hu Park
- Natural Bioactive & Anticancer Research Institute, YEPBio Co., Ltd. 282 Hagui-ro Anyang-city Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Sheik Aliya
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Nano Bio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Shik Kim
- Natural Bioactive & Anticancer Research Institute, YEPBio Co., Ltd. 282 Hagui-ro Anyang-city Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Nano Bio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
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14
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Neimkhum W, Anuchapreeda S, Lin WC, Lue SC, Lee KH, Chaiyana W. Effects of Carissa carandas Linn. Fruit, Pulp, Leaf, and Seed on Oxidation, Inflammation, Tyrosinase, Matrix Metalloproteinase, Elastase, and Hyaluronidase Inhibition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091345. [PMID: 34572978 PMCID: PMC8470603 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the potential of Carissa carandas Linn. as a natural anti-aging, antioxidant, and skin whitening agent was studied. Various parts of C. carandas, including fruit, leaf, seed, and pulp were sequentially extracted by maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography, Folin–Ciocalteu, and Dowd method were used to investigate their chemical compositions. The inhibitory activities of oxidation process, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase were analyzed. Cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay in a human epidermal keratinocyte line (HaCaT). The results exhibited that ethyl acetate could extract the most ursolic acid from C. carandas, while ethanol could extract the most phenolics and flavonoids. The leaf extract had the highest content of ursolic acid, phenolics, and flavonoids. The leaf extracted with ethyl acetate (AL) had the highest ursolic acid content (411.8 mg/g extract) and inhibited MMP-1, NF-kappa B, and tyrosinase activity the most. Ursolic acid has been proposed as a key component in these biological activities. Although several C. carandas extracts are beneficial to human skin, AL has been proposed for use in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals due to its superior anti-wrinkle, anti-inflammation, and whitening properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waranya Neimkhum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wei-Chao Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (S.-C.L.)
| | - Shang-Chian Lue
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (S.-C.L.)
| | - Kuan-Han Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (W.C.); Tel.: +66-53944343 (W.C.)
| | - Wantida Chaiyana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (W.C.); Tel.: +66-53944343 (W.C.)
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15
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Peptides and Peptidomimetics as Inhibitors of Enzymes Involved in Fibrillar Collagen Degradation. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123217. [PMID: 34200889 PMCID: PMC8230458 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Collagen fibres degradation is a complex process involving a variety of enzymes. Fibrillar collagens, namely type I, II, and III, are the most widely spread collagens in human body, e.g., they are responsible for tissue fibrillar structure and skin elasticity. Nevertheless, the hyperactivity of fibrotic process and collagen accumulation results with joints, bone, heart, lungs, kidneys or liver fibroses. Per contra, dysfunctional collagen turnover and its increased degradation leads to wound healing disruption, skin photoaging, and loss of firmness and elasticity. In this review we described the main enzymes participating in collagen degradation pathway, paying particular attention to enzymes degrading fibrillar collagen. Therefore, collagenases (MMP-1, -8, and -13), elastases, and cathepsins, together with their peptide and peptidomimetic inhibitors, are reviewed. This information, related to the design and synthesis of new inhibitors based on peptide structure, can be relevant for future research in the fields of chemistry, biology, medicine, and cosmeceuticals.
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16
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Phytochemical profiling and anti-aging activities of Euphorbia retusa extract: In silico and in vitro studies. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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17
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Kim SH, Kim JH, Suk JM, Lee YI, Kim J, Lee JH, Lee KH. Identification of skin aging biomarkers correlated with the biomechanical properties. Skin Res Technol 2021; 27:940-947. [PMID: 33891336 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin aging can be described as a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic aging. Various parameters for evaluating skin characteristics have been proposed. However, an accurate biomarker for skin aging and the relationship between biomarkers and biomechanical parameters of the skin is yet to be explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 20 subjects by age. Skin aging was measured using non-invasive devices. Skin tissues were acquired through punch biopsy for immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR of skin aging biomarkers, and analyzed correlation both, validated their use. RESULTS Biomechanical properties of skin aging decreased with age. Among the biomarkers previously reported, we found that the expression of Moesin, TXNDC5, RhoGDI, and RSU1 decreased, while that of Vimentin and FABP5 increased with age. Pearson correlation showed that the expression levels of TXNDC5, RhoGDI, RSU1, and Vimentin were significantly correlated with the results of non-invasive measurements. In addition, the expression of TXNDC5, RhoGDI, and RSU1 increased, while that of Vimentin decreased, in skin explants upon treatment with one of the anti-aging compounds, retinoic acid. CONCLUSION From this study, we identified practical molecular biomarkers of skin aging, TXNDC5, RhoGDI, RSU1, and Vimentin, which correlated with the skin biomechanical properties of skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Global Medical Research Center Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Mi Suk
- Global Medical Research Center Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Young In Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Hoon Lee
- Global Medical Research Center Ltd., Seoul, Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Terazawa S, Takada M, Sato Y, Nakajima H, Imokawa G. The Attenuated Secretion of Hyaluronan by UVA-Exposed Human Fibroblasts Is Associated with Up- and Downregulation of HYBID and HAS2 Expression via Activated and Inactivated Signaling of the p38/ATF2 and JAK2/STAT3 Cascades. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042057. [PMID: 33669634 PMCID: PMC7922819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the effects on hyaluronan (HA) metabolism of UVA radiation. This study demonstrates that the secretion of HA by human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) is downregulated by UVA, accompanied by the down- and upregulation of mRNA and protein levels of the HA-synthesizing enzyme (HAS2) and the HA-degrading protein, HYaluronan Binding protein Involved in HA Depolymerization(HYBID), respectively. Signaling analysis revealed that the exposure distinctly elicits activation of the p38/MSK1/CREB/c-Fos/AP-1 axis, the JNK/c-Jun axis, and the p38/ATF-2 axis, but downregulates the phosphorylation of NF-kB and JAK/STAT3. A signal inhibition study demonstrated that the inhibition of p38 significantly abrogates the UVA-accentuated mRNA level of HYBID. Furthermore, the inhibition of STAT3 significantly downregulates the level of HAS2 mRNA in non-UVA exposed HDFs. Analysis using siRNAs demonstrated that transfection of ATF-2 siRNA but not c-Fos siRNA abrogates the increased protein level of HYBID in UVA-exposed HDFs. An inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase but not of protein serine/threonine phosphatase restored the diminished phosphorylation level of STAT3 at Tyr 705, accompanied by a significant abolishing effect on the decreased mRNA expression level of HAS2. Silencing with a protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-Meg2 siRNA revealed that it abrogates the decreased phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr 705 in UVA-exposed HDFs. These findings suggest that the UVA-induced decrease in HA secretion by HDFs is attributable to the down- and upregulation of HAS2 and HYBID expression, respectively, changes that are mainly ascribed to the inactivated signaling of the STAT3 axis due to the activated tyrosine protein phosphatase PTP-Meg2 and the activated signaling of the p38/ATF2 axis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Terazawa
- Center for Bioscience Research & Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mariko Takada
- Center for Bioscience Research & Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yoriko Sato
- Center for Bioscience Research & Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hiroaki Nakajima
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan;
| | - Genji Imokawa
- Center for Bioscience Research & Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-28-649-5282
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19
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Anunciato Casarini TP, Frank LA, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS. Dermatological applications of the flavonoid phloretin. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 889:173593. [PMID: 32971088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Botanical molecules are known to have the ability to counteract ultraviolet radiation-induced skin damage. The interest in the development of natural compound-based products for the prevention of solar ultraviolet radiation-induced skin photoaging, melasma, and photocarcinogenesis has been increasing. Recently, the flavonoid phloretin has attracted the attention of researchers in the dermatological field for application in cosmetics and therapeutics. In addition to its antioxidant activity, phloretin has been shown to have properties such as anti-aging and depigmenting effects. In this study, we review the dermatological treatments with phloretin for conditions such as melasma, photoaging, acne, and melanoma. Phloretin has been shown to inhibit elastase and matrix metalloproteinase-1 activity, to reduce cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content, and induce apoptosis in B16 mouse melanoma 4A5 cells. An in vivo study showed that phloretin, applied topically to the dorsal skin of mice, suppressed the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-induced expression of COX-2, a critical molecular target of many chemopreventive, as well as anti-inflammatory agents. Phloretin can penetrate the skin; nevertheless, its penetration profile in different skin layers has not yet been evaluated. Despite its health benefits, phloretin application has been limited because of its photoinstability and poor aqueous solubility, among other limitations. Therefore, we reviewed the recent advances in pharmaceutical applications such as the use of nanotechnology, in order to improve the cutaneous availability of phloretin. In this review, we also focus on the oral application, product development challenges, and recent progress and future research directions on phloretin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Pizza Anunciato Casarini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Abrahão Frank
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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20
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Skin Protective Activity of LactoSporin-the Extracellular Metabolite from Bacillus Coagulans MTCC 5856. COSMETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics7040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Probiotics and their products are increasingly used in skincare in recent years. Postbiotics are defined as any substance derived through the metabolic activity of a probiotic microorganism, which exerts a direct or indirect beneficial effect on the host. The extracellular metabolites of probiotic bacteria have antimicrobial activities, protect against acne, and improve skin condition. We studied skin protective activities of the extracellular metabolite (LactoSporin) of a spore-forming probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 in vitro. Methods: LactoSporin was evaluated for antioxidant activity by free radical scavenging activity and reactive oxygen quenching activity in human dermal fibroblast cells. Protection of fibroblasts from UV-induced apoptosis and cell death was studied by flow cytometry and neutral red uptake assays. Enzyme inhibition assays were carried out for collagenase, Elastase, and Hyaluronidase. Gene expression studies were carried out using polymerase chain reaction. Results: LactoSporin showed antioxidant activity and was found to protect skin cells from UV-induced apoptosis and cell death. LactoSporin inhibited collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase activity and upregulated the expression of hyaluronan synthase, transforming growth factor and epidermal growth factor, which are associated with extracellular matrix integrity. Conclusions: These results suggest LactoSporin is a skin protective postbiotic with wide application in cosmetic formulations.
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21
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Said Hassane C, Fouillaud M, Le Goff G, Sklirou AD, Boyer JB, Trougakos IP, Jerabek M, Bignon J, de Voogd NJ, Ouazzani J, Gauvin-Bialecki A, Dufossé L. Microorganisms Associated with the Marine Sponge Scopalina hapalia: A Reservoir of Bioactive Molecules to Slow Down the Aging Process. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1262. [PMID: 32825344 PMCID: PMC7570120 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging research aims at developing therapies that delay normal aging processes and some related pathologies. Recently, many compounds and extracts from natural products have been shown to slow aging and/or extend lifespan. Marine sponges and their associated microorganisms have been found to produce a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites; however, those from the Southwest of the Indian Ocean are much less studied, especially regarding anti-aging activities. In this study, the microbial diversity of the marine sponge Scopalina hapalia was investigated by metagenomic analysis. Twenty-six bacterial and two archaeal phyla were recovered from the sponge, of which the Proteobacteria phylum was the most abundant. In addition, 30 isolates from S. hapalia were selected and cultivated for identification and secondary metabolites production. The selected isolates were affiliated to the genera Bacillus, Micromonospora, Rhodoccocus, Salinispora, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Nigrospora and unidentified genera related to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. Crude extracts from selected microbial cultures were found to be active against seven clinically relevant targets (elastase, tyrosinase, catalase, sirtuin 1, Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), Fyn kinase and proteasome). These results highlight the potential of microorganisms associated with a marine sponge from Mayotte to produce anti-aging compounds. Future work will focus on the isolation and the characterization of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charifat Said Hassane
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis CEDEX 9, La Réunion, France; (C.S.H.); (M.F.); (J.B.B.)
| | - Mireille Fouillaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis CEDEX 9, La Réunion, France; (C.S.H.); (M.F.); (J.B.B.)
| | - Géraldine Le Goff
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (G.L.G.); (J.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Aimilia D. Sklirou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.D.S.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Jean Bernard Boyer
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis CEDEX 9, La Réunion, France; (C.S.H.); (M.F.); (J.B.B.)
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.D.S.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Moran Jerabek
- Crelux GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19a, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Jérôme Bignon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (G.L.G.); (J.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Nicole J. de Voogd
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jamal Ouazzani
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (G.L.G.); (J.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Anne Gauvin-Bialecki
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis CEDEX 9, La Réunion, France; (C.S.H.); (M.F.); (J.B.B.)
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis CEDEX 9, La Réunion, France; (C.S.H.); (M.F.); (J.B.B.)
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22
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Zhang Z, Zhu H, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Luo Z, Tang J, Lin L, Du Z, Dong C. The effects and mechanism of collagen peptide and elastin peptide on skin aging induced by D-galactose combined with ultraviolet radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 210:111964. [PMID: 32717457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The content of collagen and elastin occupies a large proportion of skin evaluation, and collagen peptide (CP) and elastin peptide (EP) are widely used drugs, which have anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, CP and EP can also be used as therapeutic agents for skin repair. However, previous studies have never thoroughly verified the effects of oral administration of CP and EP on skin repair. AIM To study the effects and mechanism of oral administration of CP and EP on skin aging induced by combinatorial treatment with D-galactose and ultraviolet radiation. RESULTS In animal experiments, the combined oral administration of CP and EP increased the contents of collagen and elastin in animal skin, accompanying with significantly upregulated expression of hyaluronic acid and hydroxyproline, as well as significantly reduced expression of MMP-3 and IL-1α. In addition, the combined therapy also significantly increased the expression of seven collagen and elastin synthesis-related factors including IGF-1, LOX, SMAD2, JNK, SP1, TβRII and TGF-β. CONCLUSION Oral administration of CP and EP can repair skin aging induced by the combined treatment with D-galactose and ultraviolet radiation and the effects of CP and EP appeared synergistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huawei Zhu
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yating Zheng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanyue Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhen Luo
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Foshan Allen Conney Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Zhiyun Du
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Park JJ, An J, Lee JD, Kim HY, Im JE, Lee E, Ha J, Cho CH, Seo DW, Kim KB. Effects of anti-wrinkle and skin-whitening fermented black ginseng on human subjects and underlying mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 83:423-437. [PMID: 32546107 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1776454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of anti-wrinkle and skin-whitening of fermented black ginseng (FBG) in human subjects and to examine underlying biochemical mechanisms of action. A clinical study was performed to evaluate efficacy and safety using a 1% FBG cream formulation. Twenty-three subjects were recruited and instructed to apply control or FBG creams each on half of their face twice daily for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks FBG cream significantly reduced appearance of eye wrinkles compared to prior to exposure and control cream. Skin color was significantly brightened using FBG cream in comparison with control cream. To determine the mechanism of actions involved in anti-wrinkle and skin-whitening effects various concentrations of FBG were applied to human fibroblast CCD-986sk and mouse melanoma B16F1 cells. Collagen synthesis in CCD-986sk cells was improved significantly at 1, 3, 10, or 30 µg/ml of FBG. At 30 µg/ml, FBG significantly inhibited (73%) collagenase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) compared to control. Tyrosinase activity and DOPA (3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine) oxidation were significantly decreased at all tested concentrations. Melanin production in B16F1 cells was concentration-dependently reduced 15% to 60% by all concentrations of FBG. These results suggested that a 1% FBG cream exerted anti-wrinkle and skin-whitening effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ju Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Chungnam, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Junmin An
- Ginseng by Pharm. Co., Ltd ., Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Dae Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Chungnam, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Chungnam, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueng Eun Im
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Chungnam, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Skin Research Institute , Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyoun Ha
- Skin Research Institute , Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hui Cho
- Skin Research Institute , Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Seo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Chungnam, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Chungnam, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Park JJ, An J, Lee JD, Kim HY, Im JE, Lee E, Ha J, Cho CH, Seo DW, Kim KB. Effects of anti-wrinkle and skin-whitening fermented black ginseng on human subjects and underlying mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 83:470-484. [PMID: 32564709 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1777492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of anti-wrinkle and skin-whitening of fermented black ginseng (FBG) in human subjects and to examine underlying biochemical mechanisms of action. A clinical study was performed to evaluate efficacy and safety using a 1% FBG cream formulation. Twenty-three subjects were recruited and instructed to apply control or FBG creams each on half of their face twice daily for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, FBG cream significantly reduced the appearance of eye wrinkles compared to prior to exposure and control cream. Skin color was significantly brightened using FBG cream in comparison with a control cream. To determine the mechanism of actions involved in anti-wrinkle and skin-whitening effects various concentrations of FBG were applied to human fibroblast CCD-986sk and mouse melanoma B16F1 cells. Collagen synthesis in CCD-986sk cells was improved significantly at 1, 3, 10, or 30 µg/ml of FBG. At 30 µg/ml, FBG significantly inhibited (73%) collagenase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) compared to control. Tyrosinase activity and DOPA (3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine) oxidation were significantly decreased at all tested concentrations. Melanin production in B16F1 cells was concentration-dependently reduced from 15% to 60% by all concentrations of FBG. These results suggested that a 1% FBG cream exerted anti-wrinkle and skin-whitening effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ju Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Junmin An
- Central Research Institute, Ginseng by Pharm. Co., Ltd , Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Dae Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueng Eun Im
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Skin Research Institute, IEC Korea , Suwon-si, Gyeongg, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyoun Ha
- Skin Research Institute, IEC Korea , Suwon-si, Gyeongg, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hui Cho
- Skin Research Institute, IEC Korea , Suwon-si, Gyeongg, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Seo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
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Terazawa S, Nakano M, Yamamoto A, Imokawa G. Mycosporine-like amino acids stimulate hyaluronan secretion by up-regulating hyaluronan synthase 2 via activation of the p38/MSK1/CREB/c-Fos/AP-1 axis. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7274-7288. [PMID: 32284328 PMCID: PMC7247295 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is an extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan that critically supports the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the skin. Here, we demonstrate that mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), which typically function as UV-absorbing compounds, can stimulate HA secretion from normal human fibroblasts. MAA-stimulated HA secretion was associated with significantly increased and decreased levels of mRNAs encoding HA synthase 2 (HAS2) and the HA-binding protein involved in HA depolymerization (designated HYBID), respectively. Using immunoblotting, we found that MAAs at 10 and at 25 μg/ml stimulate the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/c-Jun, and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1) (at Thr-581, Ser-360, and Ser-376, respectively) and activation of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), but not phosphorylation of JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) or NF-κB (at Ser-276 or Ser-536, respectively), and increased c-Fos protein levels. Moreover, a p38-specific inhibitor, but not inhibitors of MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK), JNK, or NF-κB, significantly abrogated the increased expression of HAS2 mRNA, accompanied by significantly decreased MAA-stimulated HA secretion. These results suggested that the p38-MSK1-CREB-c-Fos-transcription factor AP-1 (AP-1) or the p38-ATF2 signaling cascade is responsible for the MAA-induced stimulation of HAS2 gene expression. Of note, siRNA-mediated ATF2 silencing failed to abrogate MAA-stimulated HAS2 expression, and c-Fos silencing abolished the increased expression of HAS2 mRNA. Our findings suggest that MAAs stimulate HA secretion by up-regulating HAS2 mRNA levels through activation of an intracellular signaling cascade consisting of p38, MSK1, CREB, c-Fos, and AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Terazawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakano
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan; Cosmetic Research Center, Doctor's Choice Co., Ltd., Tokyo 102-0071, Japan
| | - Akio Yamamoto
- Cosmetic Research Center, Doctor's Choice Co., Ltd., Tokyo 102-0071, Japan
| | - Genji Imokawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan; Research Institute for Biological Functions, Chubu University of Technology, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
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Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that environmental stress, such as UV radiation, generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in skin cells, leading to histochemical changes including skin disorders and aging, hyper pigmentation, and increased formation of wrinkles. Besides the defensive system in skin composed of vitamins and intrinsic antioxidant enzymes, topical and skin conditioning products have been used commonly to eradicate or eliminate these skin ailments. Among various ingredients providing nourishing and moisturizing effect in skin, antioxidants have been reported to be a key ingredient to counteract skin aging processes and skin disorders. Derived from a patented extraction process, a polyphenol rich sugarcane concentrate (Officinol™) becomes the focus of this study due to its rich content of polyphenols known to be strong antioxidants. In this work, we carried out a series of cell-based in vitro studies to examine the use of Officinol™ in anti-aging and skin care functions. Our studies show that Officinol™ activated telomerase, a major biomarker that have been reported to be associated with slowed cellular aging process. When skin cells were under environmental stress such as UV radiation, Officinol™ inhibited MMP-1, an interstitial collagenase in skin cells, and deterred the breakdown of collagen that provides supple texture in skin. Officinol™ also inhibited cellular expression of melanin pigmentation and tyrosinase activity, two major biomarkers causing skin pigmentation and aging spots, and inhibited elastase, an enzyme that facilities the reduction of skin elasticity. At the end of the investigation, we carried out a 10-person, pilot study to examine the effect of Officinol™ on skin lightening and fine line and wrinkle reduction in human skin. The combination of the in vitro and the human pre-study indicates that Officinol™ could provide significant preventative and protective functions including antioxidant, anti-aging, wrinkle reduction, and skin brightening for human skin suffering from aging and other stress. These findings are to be confirmed with a larger scale clinical study at a later stage.
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Im AR, Park I, Ji KY, Lee JY, Kim KM, Na M, Chae S. Protective effects of Oxya chinensis sinuosa Mishchenko against ultraviolet B-induced photodamage in hairless mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:286. [PMID: 31660950 PMCID: PMC6819654 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Edible insects, including Oxya chinensis sinuosa Mishchenko (Oc), which is consumed as food in Asia, are considered as a human food shortage alternative, and also as a preventive measure against environmental destruction. Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, which causes skin photodamage, is considered as an extrinsic skin aging factor. It reduces skin hydration, and increases wrinkle formation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokine expression. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the anti-aging effects of an ethanol extract of Oc (Oc.Ex). Methods A UVB-irradiated hairless mouse model was used to examine relevant changes in skin hydration, wrinkle formation, and skin epidermal thickness. Also, antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were analyzed, and Oc. Ex skin protective effects against UVB irradiation-induced photoaging were examined by determining the levels of skin hydration factors. Results Oc.Ex improved epidermal barrier dysfunctions such as increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and capacitance reduction in UVB-irradiated mice. It upregulated skin hydration-related markers, including hyaluronic acid (HA), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and pro-collagen, in UVB-irradiated mice, compared with the vehicle control group. It also reduced UVB-induced wrinkle formation, collagen degradation, and epidermal thickness. Additionally, it remarkably suppressed the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and restored the activity of SOD and CAT in UVB-irradiated mice, compared with the vehicle control group. Furthermore, Oc. Ex treatment downregulated the production of inflammatory cytokines and phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway activated by UVB irradiation. Conclusion This study revealed that Oc. Ex reduced skin thickness and the degradation of collagen fibers by increasing hydration markers and collagen-regulating factors in the skin of UVB-irradiated mice. It also inhibited UVB-induced antioxidant enzyme activity and inflammatory cytokine expression via MAPK signaling downregulation, suggesting that it prevents UVB-induced skin damage and photoaging, and has potential for clinical development in skin disease treatment.
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The Beneficial Regulation of Extracellular Matrix and Heat Shock Proteins, and the Inhibition of Cellular Oxidative Stress Effects and Inflammatory Cytokines by 1α, 25 dihydroxyvitaminD3 in Non-Irradiated and Ultraviolet Radiated Dermal Fibroblasts. COSMETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics6030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic skin aging and photoaging, from exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, are associated with altered regulation of genes associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and inflammation, as well as cellular damage from oxidative stress. The regulatory properties of 1α, 25dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D) include endocrine, ECM regulation, cell differentiation, photoprotection, and anti-inflammation. The goal of this research was to identify the beneficial effects of vitamin D in preventing intrinsic skin aging and photoaging, through its direct effects as well as its effects on the ECM, associated heat shock proteins (HSP-47, and -70), cellular oxidative stress effects, and inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-8] in non-irradiated, UVA-radiated, UVB-radiated dermal fibroblasts. With regard to the ECM, vitamin D stimulated type I collagen and inhibited cellular elastase activity in non-irradiated fibroblasts; and stimulated type I collagen and HSP-47, and inhibited elastin expression and elastase activity in UVA-radiated dermal fibroblasts. With regard to cellular protection, vitamin D inhibited oxidative damage to DNA, RNA, and lipids in non-irradiated, UVA-radiated and UVB-radiated fibroblasts, and, in addition, increased cell viability of UVB-radiated cells. With regard to anti-inflammation, vitamin D inhibited expression of Il-1 and IL-8 in UVA-radiated fibroblasts, and stimulated HSP-70 in UVA-radiated and UVB-radiated fibroblasts. Overall, vitamin D is predominantly beneficial in preventing UVA-radiation induced photoaging through the differential regulation of the ECM, HSPs, and inflammatory cytokines, and protective effects on the cellular biomolecules. It is also beneficial in preventing UVB-radiation associated photoaging through the stimulation of cell viability and HSP-70, and the inhibition of cellular oxidative damage, and in preventing intrinsic aging through the stimulation of type I collagen and inhibition of cellular oxidative damage.
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29
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Kumar JP, Mandal BB. Inhibitory role of silk cocoon extract against elastase, hyaluronidase and UV radiation-induced matrix metalloproteinase expression in human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1259-1274. [PMID: 30891584 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00524a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Topical delivery of potent antioxidants maintain the redox balance of the skin, which leads to the downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and prevents UV radiation-induced photoaging. In this study, we aimed at investigating the inhibitory role of silk cocoon extract (SCE) isolated from the Antheraea assamensis (AA), Bombyx mori (BM), and Philosamia ricini (PR) silk varieties against UV radiation-induced MMP expression. Incubation of elastase and hyaluronidase with Antheraea assamensis silk cocoon extract (AASCE) caused 50% inhibition of activity. The assessment of total collagen content using the Sirius red assay showed that AASCE (10 μg mL-1) and Philosamia ricini silk cocoon extract (PRSCE at 100 μg mL-1 concentration) post-treatment significantly enhanced the total collagen content in UVA1 and UVB irradiated HDF cells, whereas BM silk cocoon extract (BMSCE at 100 μg mL-1 concentration) post-treatment significantly enhanced the total collagen content in UVA1-irradiated HDF cells. Gene expression studies revealed AASCE and PRSCE post-treatment downregulated the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, MMP-1 and upregulated procollagen genes in UV irradiated HDF cells. Gelatin zymography studies with AASCE post-treatment downregulated the release of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by HaCaT cells. The overall results validate AASCE efficiently shielding UV radiation-induced collagen and elastin degradation by downregulation of MMP expression, substantiating its further use as a potent antioxidant complement in skin care formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadi Praveen Kumar
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
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Crocetti L, Quinn MT, Schepetkin IA, Giovannoni MP. A patenting perspective on human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors (2014-2018) and their therapeutic applications. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:555-578. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1630379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Crocetti
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - MT Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - IA Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - MP Giovannoni
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Antioxidative and Antimelanogenesis Effect of Momordica charantia Methanol Extract. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5091534. [PMID: 31186660 PMCID: PMC6521336 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5091534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite a large number of studies reporting a variety of biological and pharmacological activities of Momordica charantia, its skin protective properties are poorly understood. The present study aimed to explore the skin protective properties of Momordica charantia methanol extract (Mc-ME) and the underlying mechanism in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and melanocytes. Mc-ME exhibited an antioxidative property by decreasing radical levels in HaCaT keratinocytes and a cytoprotective property in H2O2-damaged HaCaT cells, which was mediated by increasing the expression or activation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), HO-1, p85/PI3K, and AKT. Mc-ME was also active against wrinkle formation by regulating the activity or expression of tissue remodeling factors such as elastase, type 1 collagen, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and -9 and tissue-protecting enzymes such as hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in NIH3T3 fibroblasts and HaCaT cells, in addition to increasing the proliferation of HaCaT cells. Mc-ME also showed antidehydration properties by inducing the expression of natural moisturizing factors such as filaggrin (FLG), transglutaminase-1 (TGM-1), and hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS)-1, -2, and -3 in HaCaT cells. Moreover, Mc-ME showed an antimelanogenic property by inhibiting the synthesis and secretion of melanin from B16F10 melanoma cells via suppression of tyrosinase activity. Taken together, these results suggest that Mc-ME plays a skin protective role through its antioxidative, cytoprotective, skin remodeling, moisturizing, and antimelanogenic properties and might be a new and promising skin protective cosmeceutical.
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Huang K, Ma K, Chang Y, Lo L, Jhap T, Su Y, Liu P, Chueh S. Baicalein inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 1 expression via activation of
TRPV
1‐Ca‐
ERK
pathway in ultraviolet B–irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:568-575. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo‐Feng Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery Department of Surgery Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Kuo‐Hsing Ma
- Department of Biology and Anatomy National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yen‐Jung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Liang‐Chuan Lo
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Tian‐You Jhap
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Hua Su
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Pei‐Shan Liu
- Department of Microbiology Soochow University Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Sheau‐Huei Chueh
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
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Seaweeds as Source of Bioactive Substances and Skin Care Therapy—Cosmeceuticals, Algotheraphy, and Thalassotherapy. COSMETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics5040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Riverine, estuarine, and coastal populations have always used algae in the development of home remedies that were then used to treat diverse health problems. The empirical knowledge of various generations originated these applications, and their mechanism of action is, in most cases, unknown, that is, few more scientific studies would have been described beyond simple collection and ethnographic recording. Nevertheless, recent investigations, carried out with the purpose of analyzing the components and causes that alter the functioning and the balance of our organism, are already giving their first results. Water, and especially sea water is considered as essential to life on our planet. It sings all the substances necessary and conducive to the development of the living being (minerals, catalysts, vitamins, amino acids, etc.). Oceans cover over 70% of Earth, being home to up to 90% of the organisms in the planet. Many rich resources and unique environments are provided by the ocean. Additionally, bioactive compounds that multiple marine organisms have a great potential to produce can be used as nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. Both primary and secondary metabolites are produced by algae. The first ones are directly implicated in development, normal growth, or reproduction conditions to perform physiological functions. Stress conditions, like temperature changes, salinity, environmental pollutants, or UV radiation exposure cause the performance of secondary metabolites. In algae, proteins, polysaccharides, fatty acids, and amino acids are primary metabolites and phenolic compounds, pigments, vitamins, sterols, and other bioactive agents, all produced in algae tissues, are secondary metabolites. These algal active constituents have direct relevance in cosmetics.
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Dunaway S, Odin R, Zhou L, Ji L, Zhang Y, Kadekaro AL. Natural Antioxidants: Multiple Mechanisms to Protect Skin From Solar Radiation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:392. [PMID: 29740318 PMCID: PMC5928335 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in a dramatic increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The sudden increase in ROS shifts the natural balance toward a pro-oxidative state, resulting in oxidative stress. The detrimental effects of oxidative stress occur through multiple mechanisms that involve alterations to proteins and lipids, induction of inflammation, immunosuppression, DNA damage, and activation of signaling pathways that affect gene transcription, cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis. All of these alterations promote carcinogenesis and therefore, regulation of ROS levels is critical to the maintenance of normal skin homeostasis. Several botanical products have been found to exhibit potent antioxidant capacity and the ability to counteract UV-induced insults to the skin. These natural products exert their beneficial effects through multiple pathways, including some known to be negatively affected by solar UVR. Aging of the skin is also accelerated by UVR exposure, in particular UVA rays that penetrate deep into the epidermis and the dermis where it causes the degradation of collagen and elastin fibers via oxidative stress and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Because natural compounds are capable of attenuating some of the UV-induced aging effects in the skin, increased attention has been generated in the area of cosmetic sciences. The focus of this review is to cover the most prominent phytoproducts with potential to mitigate the deleterious effects of solar UVR and suitability for use in topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Dunaway
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rachel Odin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Linli Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Liyuan Ji
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ana L Kadekaro
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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35
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Makihara H, Hidaka M, Sakai Y, Horie Y, Mitsui H, Ohashi K, Goshima Y, Akase T. Reduction and fragmentation of elastic fibers in the skin of obese mice is associated with altered mRNA expression levels of fibrillin-1 and neprilysin. Connect Tissue Res 2017; 58:479-486. [PMID: 27892729 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1255205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Our previous research suggested that obesity induces structural fragility in the skin. Elastic fibers impart strength and elasticity. In this study, we determined whether elastic fibers decrease in the skin of obese mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS To confirm alterations in elastic fiber content due to obesity, we used spontaneously obese model mice (TSOD) and control mice (TSNO). Furthermore, to evaluate the elastin structure and gene expression dependent on the severity of obesity, an obesity-enhanced mouse model was developed by feeding a high fat diet to TSOD (TSOD-HF). Back skin samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Elastica van Gieson for microscopic examination, and the samples were stained for immunohistochemical analysis of neprilysin. Gene expression levels were determined using a real-time PCR system. RESULTS The abundance of elastic fibers beneath the epidermis was remarkably reduced and fragmented in TSOD as compared with TSNO. Fibrillin-1 mRNA levels in TSOD were significantly suppressed compared with those in TSNO, whereas neprilysin mRNA levels and immunohistochemical expression in TSOD were significantly increased, as compared with those in TSNO. The reduction of elastic fibers was enhanced and the expression levels of elastic fiber formed factors were significantly suppressed in TSOD-HF, as compared with those in the TSOD. CONCLUSIONS The abundance of elastic fibers was reduced and fragmented in obesity, suggesting that the reduction in elastic fibers is initially caused by increased neprilysin and decreased fibrillin-1 expression, which may inhibit formation and stabilization of elastic fibers, resulting in skin fragility in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Makihara
- a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan.,b Department of Biological Science and Nursing , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Moeko Hidaka
- b Department of Biological Science and Nursing , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Yui Sakai
- b Department of Biological Science and Nursing , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Yoshiko Horie
- b Department of Biological Science and Nursing , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Hideaki Mitsui
- c Department of Pathology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohashi
- c Department of Pathology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Tomoko Akase
- b Department of Biological Science and Nursing , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
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An overview of dermatological and cosmeceutical benefits of Diospyros kaki and its phytoconstituents. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Song E, Chung H, Shim E, Jeong JK, Han BK, Choi HJ, Hwang J. Gastrodia elata Blume Extract Modulates Antioxidant Activity and Ultraviolet A-Irradiated Skin Aging in Human Dermal Fibroblast Cells. J Med Food 2016; 19:1057-1064. [PMID: 27845865 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB), a traditional herbal medicine, has been used to treat a wide range of neurological disorders (e.g., paralysis and stroke) and skin problems (e.g., atopic dermatitis and eczema) in oriental medicine. This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant ability of GEB and its antiaging effect on human dermal fibroblast cells (HDF). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of GEB were 21.8 and 0.43 mg/g dry weight (DW), respectively. The ergothioneine content of GEB was 0.41 mg/mL DW. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of GEB at 5 and 10 mg/mL approximately ranged between 31% and 44%. The superoxide dismutase activity of GEB at 10 and 25 mg/mL was 57% and 76%, respectively. GEB increased procollagen type 1 (PC1) production and inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) production and elastase-1 activity in UVA-irradiated HDF. PC1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels decreased upon UVA irradiation, but recovered in response to high doses of GEB in HDF. On the contrary, GEB significantly decreased MMP-1 and elastase-1 mRNA levels, which were markedly induced in UVA-irradiated HDF. Collectively, these results suggest that GEB has sufficient antioxidant ability to prevent the signs of skin aging in UVA-irradiated human skin cells, suggesting its potential as a natural antiaging product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Song
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Myongji University , Yongin, Korea
| | - Haeyon Chung
- 2 Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Soongeui Women's College , Seoul, Korea
| | - Eugene Shim
- 2 Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Soongeui Women's College , Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jinah Hwang
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Myongji University , Yongin, Korea
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Nakajima H, Terazawa S, Niwano T, Yamamoto Y, Imokawa G. The Inhibitory Effects of Anti-Oxidants on Ultraviolet-Induced Up-Regulation of the Wrinkling-Inducing Enzyme Neutral Endopeptidase in Human Fibroblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161580. [PMID: 27648570 PMCID: PMC5029912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that the over-expression of skin fibroblast-derived neutral endopeptidase (NEP) plays a pivotal role in impairing the three-dimensional architecture of dermal elastic fibers during the biological mechanism of ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin wrinkling. In that process, a UVB-associated epithelial-mesenchymal cytokine interaction as well as a direct UVA-induced cellular stimulation are associated with the up-regulation of NEP in human fibroblasts. In this study, we characterized the mode of action of ubiquinol10 which may abrogate the up-regulation of NEP by dermal fibroblasts, resulting in a reported in vivo anti-wrinkling action, and compared that with 3 other anti-oxidants, astaxanthin (AX), riboflavin (RF) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Post-irradiation treatment with all 4 of those anti-oxidants elicited an interrupting effect on the UVB-associated epithelial-mesenchymal cytokine interaction leading to the up-regulation of NEP in human fibroblasts but with different modes of action. While AX mainly served as an inhibitor of the secretion of wrinkle-inducing cytokines, such as interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulatory factor (GM-CSF) in UVB-exposed epidermal keratinocytes, ubiquinol10, RF and FMN predominantly interrupted the IL-1α and GM-CSF-stimulated expression of NEP in dermal fibroblasts. On the other hand, as for the UVA-associated mechanism, similar to the abrogating effects reported for AX and FMN, ubiquinol10 but not RF had the potential to abrogate the increased expression of NEP and matrix-metalloproteinase-1 in UVA-exposed human fibroblasts. Our findings strongly support the in vivo anti-wrinkling effects of ubiquinol10 and AX on human and animal skin and provide convincing proof of the UV-induced wrinkling mechanism that essentially focuses on the over-expression of NEP by dermal fibroblasts as an intrinsic causative factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nakajima
- Toyo Beauty Co. Ltd., R&D Division, Osaka, Japan
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuko Terazawa
- Research Institute for Biological Functions, Chubu University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Niwano
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yorihiro Yamamoto
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genji Imokawa
- Research Institute for Biological Functions, Chubu University, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Zakrewsky M, Mitragotri S. Therapeutic RNAi robed with ionic liquid moieties as a simple, scalable prodrug platform for treating skin disease. J Control Release 2016; 242:80-88. [PMID: 27612407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of skin diseases and their visible symptoms result in major physical, emotional, and economic burden for which few solutions exist. To address this unmet medical need, topical delivery of RNAi such as siRNA holds many advantages including direct access to the diseased site, potent knockdown of disease symptoms, and limited off-target effects. Unfortunately, delivering drugs into skin is extremely difficult. To address these concerns, we present RNAi robed with ionic liquid moieties. Specifically, we show that robed-siRNAs can be synthesized by a simple two-step process from bulk materials. Robing affords tuneability of properties necessary for dermal drug delivery including octanol-water partitioning, skin transport, and cell internalization. The efficacy and safety of robed-siRNA for treating skin disease was confirmed by its ability to limit breakdown of elastin, a major cause of premature aging, following UVB exposure to human reconstructed skin tissue. Together, the data strongly support that therapeutic RNAi robed with ionic liquid moieties are a simple, scalable prodrug platform for treating skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zakrewsky
- Center for Bioengineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Center for Bioengineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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40
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Imokawa G. Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction mechanisms leading to the over-expression of neprilysin are involved in the UVB-induced formation of wrinkles in the skin. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25 Suppl 3:2-13. [PMID: 27539896 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In clinical studies, the formation of facial wrinkles has been closely linked to the loss of elastic properties of the skin. Repetitive UVB irradiation of animal skin at suberythemal doses significantly reduces its elastic properties, resulting in the formation of wrinkles. That also elicits a marked alteration in the three-dimensional structure of elastic fibres, which is closely associated with a subsequent reduction in the elastic properties of the skin. While UVB irradiation stimulates the activity of skin fibroblast-derived elastase in the dermis, a synthetic inhibitor specific for skin fibroblast-derived elastase as well as an extract of Zingiber officinale (L.) Rose capable of inhibiting skin fibroblast-derived elastase, but not neutrophil elastase, prevented wrinkle formation in our studies of animal and human facial skin, respectively. The close interrelationship among wrinkle formation, elastic properties and elastic fibre linearity is revealed by the effects of different concentrations of the elastase inhibitor, which indicates that enhanced elastase activity by dermal fibroblasts plays a pivotal role in the UVB wrinkling mechanism. Fortunately, we were able to identify human skin fibroblast-derived elastase as the previously known enzyme neprilysin/neutral endopeptidase. Using both a UVB-conditioned medium assay and a co-culture system, we characterized the epithelial-mesenchymal interaction between keratinocytes and fibroblasts which leads to increased expression of neprilysin at the transcriptional, translational and enzymatic levels. Our results demonstrate that interleukin-1α and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor are intrinsic cytokines secreted by UVB-exposed keratinocytes that stimulate the expression of neprilysin by skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genji Imokawa
- Research Institute for Biological Functions, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
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41
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Bae SH, Park JJ, Song EJ, Lee JA, Byun KS, Kim NS, Moon TK. The comparison of the melanin content and UV exposure affecting aging process: seven countries in Asia. J Cosmet Dermatol 2016; 15:335-342. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sanjeewa KKA, Kim EA, Son KT, Jeon YJ. Bioactive properties and potentials cosmeceutical applications of phlorotannins isolated from brown seaweeds: A review. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:100-105. [PMID: 27362368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, natural ingredients are becoming more attractive for the industries such as functional food, nutraceuticals, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries as people starting to believe naturally occurring compounds are safer to humans than artificial compounds. Seaweeds are one of the most interesting organisms found in oceans around the earth, which are carrying great ecological importance and contribute to increase the biodiversity of ecosystems where they were originated and habitat. Within last few decades, discovery of secondary metabolites with biological activities from seaweeds has been significantly increased. Further, the unique secondary metabolites isolated from seaweeds including polysaccharides, carotenoids and polyphenols possess range of bioactive properties that make them potential ingredient for many industrial applications. Among those groups of compounds phlorotannins isolated from brown seaweeds have shown interesting bioactive properties including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, anti-allergic, anti-wrinkling and hair growth promotion properties. Moreover, these properties associated with phlorotannins make them an ideal compounds to use as a functional ingredient in cosmeceutical products. Up to now no report has been reviewed about discuss properties of phlorotannins related to the cosmeceutical application. In the present review primary attention is given to the collect scientific data published about bioactive properties of brown algal phlorotannins related to the cosmeceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalu Kapuge Asanka Sanjeewa
- Laboratory of Marine Bioresource Technology, Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Laboratory of Marine Bioresource Technology, Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Tae Son
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, Food Safety and Processing Research Division 216, Gijang-Haeanro, Gijang-eup, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Laboratory of Marine Bioresource Technology, Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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43
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Mangelschots J, Bibian M, Gardiner J, Waddington L, Van Wanseele Y, Van Eeckhaut A, Acevedo MMD, Van Mele B, Madder A, Hoogenboom R, Ballet S. Mixed α/β-Peptides as a Class of Short Amphipathic Peptide Hydrogelators with Enhanced Proteolytic Stability. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:437-45. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Gardiner
- CSIRO Manufacturing
Flagship, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Lynne Waddington
- CSIRO Manufacturing
Flagship, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Yannick Van Wanseele
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Eeckhaut
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
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44
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Kim HK. Garlic Supplementation Ameliorates UV-Induced Photoaging in Hairless Mice by Regulating Antioxidative Activity and MMPs Expression. Molecules 2016; 21:70. [PMID: 26760989 PMCID: PMC6273408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
UV exposure is associated with oxidative stress and is the primary factor in skin photoaging. UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause the up-regulation of metalloproteinase (MMPs) and the degradation of dermal collagen and elastic fibers. Garlic and its components have been reported to exert antioxidative effects. The present study investigated the protective effect of garlic on UV-induced photoaging and MMPs regulation in hairless mice. Garlic was supplemented in the diet, and Skh-1 hairless mice were exposed to UV irradiation five days/week for eight weeks. Mice were divided into four groups; Non-UV, UV-irradiated control, UV+1% garlic powder diet group, and UV+2% garlic powder diet group. Chronic UV irradiation induced rough wrinkling of the skin with hyperkeratosis, and administration of garlic diminished the coarse wrinkle formation. UV-induced dorsal skin and epidermal thickness were also ameliorated by garlic supplementation. ROS generation, skin and serum malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased by UV exposure and were ameliorated by garlic administration although the effects were not dose-dependent. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in skin tissues were markedly reduced by UV irradiation and garlic treatment increased these enzyme activities. UV-induced MMP-1 and MMP-2 protein levels were suppressed by garlic administration. Furthermore, garlic supplementation prevented the UV-induced increase of MMP-1 mRNA expression and the UV-induced decrease of procollagen mRNA expression. These results suggest that garlic may be effective for preventing skin photoaging accelerated by UV irradiation through the antioxidative system and MMP regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Kim
- Department of Food & Biotechnology, Hanseo University, Haemi-Myun, Seosan, Chungnam 356-706, Korea.
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45
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Kim YM, Jung HJ, Choi JS, Nam TJ. Anti-wrinkle effects of a tuna heart H2O fraction on Hs27 human fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:92-8. [PMID: 26572171 PMCID: PMC4687440 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in life expectancy, there is also growing interest in anti-aging treatments and technologies. The development of anti-aging functional drugs for the skin, and foods from natural sources, may offer solutions to this global matter. Aging involves structural, functional and biochemical changes that occur throughout cells and bodily tissues; the amount of hormones secreted from of all human organs, including the skin, decreases over time. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes (MMP-1 and -8) play an important role in the aging of skin fibroblasts. For example, an increased MMP expression causes accelerated aging and the degradation of skin elasticity-related genes. In the present study, we examined the anti-wrinkle effects of tuna heart extract which are mediated through the inhibition of MMPs in skin cells. Generally, tuna contains high concentrations of selenium and antioxidants, which serve to remove free radicals, and is known to delay skin and body aging. In addition, unsaturated fatty acids in tuna help to maintain the natural glossy look of skin, and increase skin elasticity, providing moisture for dry skin. A recent study confirmed the various bio-effects of boiled tuna extract and muscle. However, bioactivity studies using tuna heart are limited. Thus, in the present study, we obtained extracts and fractions of tuna heart, and examined their effects on Hs27 human fibroblast proliferation using an MTS assay. In addition, we measured procollagen type 1 levels and elastase activity, and performed β-galactosidase staining. We then measured the expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and MMP-related genes by western blot analysis and RT-PCR. Our results revealed that tuna heart extract decreased MMP expression by upregulating tissue inhibitors of metallopro-teinase-1 (TIMP-1) and decreasing elastase activity, thus exerting anti-aging and anti-wrinkle effects by increasing collagen synthesis and promoting skin fibroblast proliferation. Thus, our data suggest that tuna heart (TH)-H2O fractions exert anti-wrinkle effects on Hs27 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sue Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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46
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Chang YJ, Lee DU, Nam JH, Kim WK. Inhibitory Effect of A
grimonia Pilosa
Leaf Extract on the UV-Induced Photoaging-Related Ion Channel, ORAI1, and the Enzymes Tyrosinase and Elastase. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- You-Jin Chang
- Department of Korean Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology; Dongguk University College of Korean Medicine; Ilsan Dong-gu Goyang Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Dong-Ung Lee
- Division of Bioscience; Dongguk University; Gyeongju Gyeongsangbuk-do Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology; Dongguk University College of Medicine; Gyeongju Gyeongsangbuk-do Korea
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC); Dongguk University College of Medicine; 32 Dongguk-ro Ilsan Dong-gu Goyang Gyeonggi-do 410-773 Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Kim
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC); Dongguk University College of Medicine; 32 Dongguk-ro Ilsan Dong-gu Goyang Gyeonggi-do 410-773 Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine Graduate School of Medicine; Dongguk University; 27 Dongguk-ro Ilsan Dong-gu Goyang Gyeonggi-do 410-773 Korea
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47
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Kang HC, Cha MY, Kim JY. A Study of the Antioxidant Activities and Whitening Activities of Areca semen Extracts as Cosmetic Ingredient. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.15230/scsk.2015.41.3.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Zakrewsky M, Kumar S, Mitragotri S. Nucleic acid delivery into skin for the treatment of skin disease: Proofs-of-concept, potential impact, and remaining challenges. J Control Release 2015; 219:445-456. [PMID: 26385169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids (NAs) hold significant potential for the treatment of several diseases. Topical delivery of NAs for the treatment of skin diseases is especially advantageous since it bypasses the challenges associated with systemic administration which suffers from enzymatic degradation, systemic toxicity and lack of targeting to skin. However, the skin's protective barrier function limits the delivery of NAs into skin after topical application. Here, we highlight strategies for enhancing delivery of NAs into skin, and provide evidence that translation of topical NA therapies could have a transformative impact on the treatment of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zakrewsky
- Center for Bioengineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Sunny Kumar
- Center for Bioengineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Center for Bioengineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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Satoh T, Murata M, Iwabuchi N, Odamaki T, Wakabayashi H, Yamauchi K, Abe F, Xiao J. Effect of Bifidobacterium breve B-3 on skin photoaging induced by chronic UV irradiation in mice. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:497-504. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been shown to have a preventative effect on skin photoaging induced by short term UV irradiation, however, the underlying mechanisms and the effect of probiotics on skin photoaging induced by chronic UV irradiation remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of Bifidobacterium breve B-3 on skin photoaging induced by chronic UV irradiation in hairless mice. Mice were irradiated with UVB three times weekly and orally administered B. breve B-3 (2×109 cfu/mouse /day) for 7 weeks. Nonirradiated mice and UVB-irradiated mice without probiotic treatment were used as controls. B. breve B-3 significantly suppressed the changes of transepidermal water loss, skin hydration, epidermal thickening and attenuated the damage to the tight junction structure and basement membrane induced by chronic UVB irradiation. Administration of B. breve B-3 tended to suppress the UV-induced interleukin-1β production in skin (P=0.09). These results suggest that B. breve B-3 could potentially be used to prevent photoaging induced by chronic UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Satoh
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 228-8583 Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref, Japan
| | - M. Murata
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 228-8583 Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref, Japan
| | - N. Iwabuchi
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 228-8583 Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref, Japan
| | - T. Odamaki
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 228-8583 Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref, Japan
| | - H. Wakabayashi
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 228-8583 Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref, Japan
| | - K. Yamauchi
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 228-8583 Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref, Japan
| | - F. Abe
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 228-8583 Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref, Japan
| | - J.Z. Xiao
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 228-8583 Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref, Japan
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50
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Tsai YF, Hwang TL. Neutrophil elastase inhibitors: a patent review and potential applications for inflammatory lung diseases (2010 - 2014). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:1145-58. [PMID: 26118988 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1061998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The proteolytic activity of neutrophil elastase (NE) not only destroys pathogens but also degrades host matrix tissues by generating a localized protease-antiprotease imbalance. In humans, NE is well known to be involved in various acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, asthma, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and cystic fibrosis. The regulation of NE activity is thought to represent a promising therapeutic approach, and NE is considered as an important target for the development of novel selective inhibitors to treat these diseases. AREAS COVERED This article summarizes and analyzes patents on NE inhibitors and their therapeutic potential based on a review of patent applications disclosed between 2010 and 2014. EXPERT OPINION According to this review of recent NE inhibitor patents, all of the disclosed inhibitors can be classified into peptide- and non-peptide-based groups. The non-peptide NE inhibitors include heterocyclics, uracil derivatives and deuterium oxide. Among the heterocyclic analogs, derivatives of pyrimidinones, tetrahydropyrrolopyrimidinediones, pyrazinones, benzoxazinones and hypersulfated disaccharides were introduced. The literature has increasingly implicated NE in the pathogenesis of various diseases, of which inflammatory destructive lung diseases remain a major concern. However, only a few agents have been validated for therapeutic use in clinical settings to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Fong Tsai
- a 1 Chang Gung University, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine , Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.,b 2 Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology , Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- a 1 Chang Gung University, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine , Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.,c 3 Chang Gung University, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team , Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.,d 4 Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Department of Cosmetic Science and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology , Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.,e 5 Chang Gung University, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine , Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan +88 6 3211 8506 ; +88 6 3211 8506 ;
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