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Raff H, Hainsworth KR, Woyach VL, Weihrauch D, Wang X, Dean C. Probiotic and high-fat diet: effects on pain assessment, body composition, and cytokines in male and female adolescent and adult rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 327:R123-R132. [PMID: 38780441 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00082.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Obesity in adolescence is increasing in frequency and is associated with elevated proinflammatory cytokines and chronic pain in a sex-dependent manner. Dietary probiotics may mitigate these detrimental effects of obesity. Using a Long-Evans adolescent and adult rat model of overweight (high-fat diet (HFD) - 45% kcal from fat from weaning), we determined the effect of a single-strain dietary probiotic [Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v) from weaning] on the theoretically increased neuropathic injury-induced pain phenotype and inflammatory cytokines. We found that although HFD increased fat mass, it did not markedly affect pain phenotype, particularly in adolescence, but there were subtle differences in pain in adult male versus female rats. The combination of HFD and Lp299v augmented the increase in leptin in adolescent females. There were many noninteracting main effects of age, diet, and probiotic on an array of cytokines and adipokines with adults being higher than adolescents, HFD higher than the control diet, and a decrease with probiotic compared with placebo. Of particular interest were the probiotic-induced increases in IL12p70 in female adolescents on an HFD. We conclude that a more striking pain phenotype could require a higher and longer duration caloric diet or a different etiology of pain. A major strength of our study was that a single-strain probiotic had a wide range of inhibiting effects on most proinflammatory cytokines. The positive effect of the probiotic on leptin in female adolescent rats is intriguing and worthy of exploration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A single-strain probiotic (Lp299v) had a wide range of inhibiting effects on most proinflammatory cytokines (especially IL12p70) measured in this high-fat diet rat model of mild obesity. The positive effect of probiotic on leptin in female adolescent rats is intriguing and worthy of exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hershel Raff
- Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Keri R Hainsworth
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Jane B. Pettit Pain and Headache Center, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Victoria L Woyach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Research Division, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Dorothee Weihrauch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Research Division, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Xuemeng Wang
- Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Caron Dean
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Research Division, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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Travers RL, Trim WV, Motta AC, Betts JA, Thompson D. Calorie restriction-induced leptin reduction and T-lymphocyte activation in blood and adipose tissue in men with overweight and obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:993-1002. [PMID: 38538853 PMCID: PMC11216992 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-Lymphocyte activation is modulated by the adipokine leptin and serum concentrations of this hormone can be reduced with short-term calorie restriction. The aim of this study was to understand whether leptin per se is important in determining levels of T-lymphocyte activation in humans, by investigating whether the reduction in leptin concentration following calorie restriction is associated with a decrease in T-Lymphocyte activation in blood and adipose tissue. METHODS Twelve men with overweight and obesity (age 35-55 years, waist circumference 95-115 cm) reduced their calorie intake by 50% for 3 consecutive days. Blood and subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained for isolation of immune cells and cytokine analysis. CD4+ and CD8 + T-Lymphocytes were identified and characterised according to their expression of activation markers CD25 and CD69 by flow cytometry. RESULTS Serum leptin was reduced by (mean ± SEM) 31 ± 16% (p < 0.001) following calorie restriction. The percentage of blood CD4 + CD25 + T-lymphocytes and level of CD25 expression on these lymphocytes were significantly reduced by 8 ± 10% (p = 0.016) and 8 ± 4% (p = 0.058), respectively. After calorie restriction, ex vivo leptin secretion from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue explants was not changed, and this corresponded with a lack of change in adipose tissue resident T-Lymphocyte activation. CONCLUSIONS Serum leptin was reduced after calorie restriction and this was temporally associated with a reduction in activation of blood CD4 + CD25 + T-Lymphocytes. In abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, however, leptin secretion was unaltered, and there were no observed changes in adipose resident T-Lymphocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Travers
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - William V Trim
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, MA02115, USA
| | - Alexandre C Motta
- Unilever Food & Health Research Institute R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
- IMcoMET BV, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - James A Betts
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Dylan Thompson
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Haddawi KH, Al-Ziaydi AG, Al-Kathem Al-Khalidi FA. The role of adipokines and ghrelin in interactions and clinical implications in childhood obesity. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2024; 13:40. [PMID: 38545313 PMCID: PMC10968273 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_972_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a growing global health concern, especially prevalent in the Arabian Peninsula, and is known to contribute to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the interplay between adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), ghrelin, and insulin homeostasis in childhood obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted in Babylon involving 120 children/adolescents (7-17 years). The participants were divided into two groups: 60 obese and 60 healthy controls. Anthropometric and biochemical measures were examined, applying World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards to categorize weight status. Data on blood lipids, glucose, adipokines, and ghrelin were collected in Babylon (Merjan Medical City), ensuring accuracy and providing insights into pediatric obesity's metabolic and hormonal status. RESULT Clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory attributes of children were evaluated, with classification as normal-weight or obese based on BMI/Z-score and Waist Circumference. The obese group exhibited elevated triglycerides and insulin levels, as well as reduced adiponectin levels (P ≤ 0.001). Leptin levels showed a positive correlation with BMI/Z-score (r = 0.352, P = 0.006). A diagnostic model demonstrated the significant diagnostic capacity of leptin (AUC > 99%) and its importance in predicting childhood obesity. Each unit increase in leptin elevated the probability of obesity by a factor of 1.197 (95% CI: 1.0507-1.3632, P = 0.0068). CONCLUSION The study revealed significant differences in clinical, biochemical, and biological markers of obesity between the research groups and the control group. Leptin emerged as a significant predictor of obesity, demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy. The complex interactions among these adipokines underscore the necessity for comprehensive obesity management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karrar Haider Haddawi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Qadisiyah, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Ghdhban Al-Ziaydi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Qadisiyah, Iraq
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Goulart A, Anchieta NF, Sampaio PA, Brazão V, Silva JLD, Portapilla GB, Duarte A, Tezuca DY, Providello MV, Stabile AM, Prado JCD. Cafeteria diet-induced obesity remodels immune response in acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152747. [PMID: 37774598 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a global problem associated with several conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, arthritis and cardiovascular diseases. With the increase in the prevalence of obesity in recent years, mostly in developing countries, it is important to study its impact on various diseases, including infectious illnesses, such as Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Considering that a diet rich in salt, sugar, and fat is associated with obesity, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of cafeteria diet (CAF)-induced obesity on immune responses in T. cruzi-infected rats. METHODS Male Wistar Hannover rats were provided with water and food ad libitum (chow group). The CAF-fed groups received a normal rodent diet or CAF. The animals were intraperitoneally infected with 105 trypomastigote forms of the Y strain of T. cruzi present in the whole blood from a previously infected mouse. RESULTS CAF-fed rats showed a significant increase in visceral adipose tissue weight compared to chow-fed rats. A significant reduction in CD3+ CD4+ helper splenic T cells was observed in obese-infected rats compared to non-obese-infected rats, as well as CD11b and macrophages. In addition, macrophages from obese animals displayed reduced RT1b levels compared to those from control animals. Moreover, INF-γ, an important factor in macrophage activation, was reduced in obese-infected rats compared with their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that a CAF can impair the cell-mediated immune response against T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Goulart
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, Brazil
| | - Naira Ferreira Anchieta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, Brazil
| | | | - Vânia Brazão
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing - University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jefferson Luiz Da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, Brazil
| | - Gisele Bulhões Portapilla
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, Brazil
| | - Andressa Duarte
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Brazil
| | | | - Maiara Voltarelli Providello
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, Brazil
| | | | - José Clóvis do Prado
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, Brazil
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Ciura D, Owczarek AJ, Franik G, Kocełak P, Markuszewski L, Madej P, Chudek J, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M. A cross-sectional study of the association between circulating sex hormone-binding globulin levels and selected adipokines in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1183961. [PMID: 37559928 PMCID: PMC10407948 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1183961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Changes in the proportion of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipokines may reflect the accumulation of lipids in the liver and the development of insulin resistance. Both liver steatosis and insulin resistance result in decreased sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) synthesis. This study aimed to analyze associations between circulating SHBG and adipokines levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional cohort study involved 87 women with phenotype A of PCOS (39 normal weight and 48 obese). Body mass, height, and waist circumference were measured, and BMI was calculated. In addition, body composition was assessed using the bioimpedance method. Serum SHBG levels and plasma apelin-36 and apelin-12, adiponectin, leptin, omentin-1, and RBP-4 were determined by using the ELISA method. The participants were divided into subgroups with SHBG concentrations above and below this lower limit [N = 35 (40.2%) and N = 52 (59.8%), respectively]. RESULTS The median adiponectin, apelin-12, and apelin-36 levels were significantly lower, and leptin levels were significantly higher in the subgroup with low SHBG levels than that in the subgroup above the lower limit of the reference range, while there were no differences in median omentin-1 and RBP-4 between the study subgroups. There were positive correlations between SHBG and omentin-1, adiponectin, apelin-36, and apelin-12 levels, as well as negative correlation with leptin levels. However, after adjustment by BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage, only the association between SHBG and omentin-1 remained significant. CONCLUSION Our results show associations between circulating SHBG and adipokine levels in women with PCOS and support the role of hormonal dysfunction of the adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Ciura
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jerzy Owczarek
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Franik
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Kocełak
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Leszek Markuszewski
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences University of Humanities and Technology, Radom, Poland
| | - Paweł Madej
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Queiroz TS, Allebrandt Neto EW, Santos MP, Correia FS, Magalhães DA, Buzelle SL, Pereira MP, França SA, Kawashita NH. Effects of a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet administered after weaning and the reversal of that diet in adult rats. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220436. [PMID: 37436230 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects in adults rats submitted of a low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC; 6% protein, 74% carbohydrate) diet and reversion (R) to a balanced diet introduced after weaning. Research methods & procedures: Male rats weigting approximately 100g (30 to 32 d old) were treated with control (C; 17% protein, 63% carbohydrate) or LPHC diets for 120 days. The reverse group (R) was treated with the LPHC diet for 15 days, and changed to C diet for another 105 days. Results: The LPHC group showed an increase in serum fasting triglycerides (TAG). Serum adiponectin was increased only in the LPHC group. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was decreased in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and cardiac muscles. The adiponectin receptor 1 content is the same among groups in the cardiac muscle, but it is lower in the EDL muscle in the LPHC group. In animals from the R group, these parameters are the same as the LPHC group. Thus, the LPHC diet administered for a long period, it promotes an increase in TAG. It is possible that there is adiponectin resistance in the EDL muscle, due to the lower LPL activity. The reversal of the LPHC diet did not normalize these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís S Queiroz
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departmento de Química, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Edgar W Allebrandt Neto
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departmento de Química, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Maísa P Santos
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departmento de Química, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Francyele S Correia
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departmento de Química, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Diego A Magalhães
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departmento de Química, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Samyra L Buzelle
- Universidade de Várzea Grande, Av. Dom Orlando Chaves, 2655, 78118-900 Várzea Grande, MT, Brazil
| | - Mayara P Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departmento de Química, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Suelém A França
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departmento de Química, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Nair H Kawashita
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departmento de Química, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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Kuliczkowska-Płaksej J, Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska A, Zembska A, Kolačkov K, Syrycka J, Kałużny M, Polowczyk-Kawałko B, Kubicka E, Bolanowski M. Ghrelin and Leptin Concentrations in Patients after SARS-CoV2 Infection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103551. [PMID: 37240656 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV2 infection can lead to severe cytokine storm especially in obese patients. Ghrelin acts not only as an appetite regulator but can also play a key role in the immune reaction. Leptin, secreted mainly by the white adipose tissue, can act as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. The crucial question is whether or not the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients with obesity is linked to adipokine dysregulation. The aim of this study was to assess ghrelin and leptin concentrations in patients 6 months after SARS-CoV2 infection in comparison to a control group considering the influence of sex. The study group included 53 patients with a history of COVID-19 and 87 healthy subjects in the control group. Leptin and ghrelin concentrations as well as hormonal and biochemical parameters were measured. A significantly higher ghrelin concentration was observed in the COVID-19 group in comparison to the control group, with a statistically significant impact of sex on the relationship between COVID-19 and ghrelin concentration, which was lower in the males. No statistically significant differences in leptin concentration were observed between the groups. A significant negative correlation was observed between ghrelin and testosterone and morning cortisol levels in the COVID-19 group. The current study showed that ghrelin levels were significantly higher in patients 6 months after a mild course of SARS-CoV2 infection. To confirm the hypothetical protective role of ghrelin in the inflammatory process, it would be necessary to compare serum ghrelin levels between patients after mild and severe courses of COVID-19. Due to the small sample size and the lack of patients with a severe course of COVID-19, these observations need further investigation. There were no differences in leptin concentrations between the COVID-19 patients and the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kuliczkowska-Płaksej
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zembska
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kolačkov
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Syrycka
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kałużny
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Polowczyk-Kawałko
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Kubicka
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Bolanowski
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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Effect of Liposuction on Body Weight and Serum Concentrations of Leptin, Lipids, Glucose, and Insulin: A Meta-Analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 151:402e-411e. [PMID: 36399662 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000009913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal obesity has been associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Central fat removal procedures such as liposuction, lipectomy, and abdominoplasty are among the most common surgical procedures. The impact of the latter on the former is controversial and understudied. The authors aimed to explore the effect of subcutaneous fat elimination procedures on insulin resistance measures and adipokine levels. METHODS Relevant studies regarding the effects of surgical subcutaneous fat removal on glucose, insulin, adipokines, and lipid metabolism, as well as blood pressure, were identified by searching PubMed and Ovid-Cochrane without limits in date, type of publication, or language. After the selection process, 24 studies were obtained. The results of the articles were summarized using descriptive statistics. For the final analysis, a randomized effects model was used to evaluate heterogeneity; averages and meta-analytic differences were expressed with a confidence interval of 95%. RESULTS All studies reported a reduction in weight (-2.64 kg; 95% CI, -4.32 to -0.96; P = 0.002; I 2 = 36%; P of I 2 < 0.001) and body mass index after liposuction. A significant improvement in triglycerides (-10.06 mg/dL; 95% CI, -14.03 to -6.09; P < 0.001; I 2 = 48%; P of I 2 = 0.05), serum glucose concentration (-4.25 mg/dL; 95% CI, -5.93 to -2.56; P < 0.001; I 2 = 68%; P of I 2 < 0.001), serum insulin concentration (-2.86 μIU/mL; 95% CI, -3.75 to -1.97; P < 0.001; I 2 = 59%; P of I 2 = 0.003), and serum leptin concentration (-7.70 ng/mL; 95% CI, -11.49 to -3.92; P = 0.0001; I 2 = 96%; P of I 2 < 0.001) was consistently observed. CONCLUSION In addition to weight loss, there is a significant decrease in leptin, triglyceride, glucose, and insulin serum concentrations after liposuction, a fact that should be considered in future discussions.
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Binayi F, Moslemi M, Khodagholi F, Hedayati M, Zardooz H. Long-term high-fat diet disrupts lipid metabolism and causes inflammation in adult male rats: possible intervention of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:204-212. [PMID: 32907408 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1808997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of long-term high-fat diet (HFD) on plasma lipid profile and probability of inflammation in adult rats. After weaning, male offspring were divided into six groups based on diet type and medication. After 20 weeks of dietary intake, 4-PBA (endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor) was injected for three days. Then, blood samples were taken to measure plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol, leptin and interleukin 1-β (IL 1-β). The HFD increased body weight and food intake and intra-abdominal fat and thymus weights, which were associated with elevated plasma leptin level. Moreover, HFD increased plasma concentrations of TG, LDL, cholesterol and IL 1-β and decreased HDL level. Injection of 4-PBA reversed the plasma parameters changes caused by HFD. It seems that long-term HFD feeding through inducing the ER stress, disrupted the lipid metabolism and resulted in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Binayi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moslemi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homeira Zardooz
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kim NK, Jung MA, Lee SH, Joo NS. Short-term Changes in Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Level after Body Fat Reduction via Partial Meal Replacement. Korean J Fam Med 2023; 44:58-63. [PMID: 36709962 PMCID: PMC9887445 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.22.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels change during body weight reduction. However, the changes that occur during short-term body weight control interventions remain controversial. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the changes in TSH levels according to body fat reduction. METHODS We performed a 3-month intervention study involving partial meal replacement. Forty-nine participants completed the study. Correlations between changes in TSH levels and other body composition parameters were determined. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their body fat reduction (>1 kg, n=20; <1 kg, n=29). The changes in metabolic parameters, including TSH levels, were compared. For significant values, a multivariate analysis was performed after adjustment to evaluate the relationship between TSH changes and body fat reduction. RESULTS The 3-month intervention caused favorable changes in body proportions and metabolic parameters. TSH levels changed significantly only after changes in total body fat, showing a partial correlation. Changes in TSH levels were significantly different between groups (P=0.014). Moreover, the change in TSH levels was significantly different after adjustment (P=0.012). CONCLUSION A body fat reduction, especially >1 kg, can reduce serum TSH concentrations in subjects with metabolic syndrome after short-term body weight intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Kyu Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Min-Ah Jung
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seok-Hoon Lee
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Nam-Seok Joo
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,Corresponding Author: Nam-Seok Joo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5895-1800 Tel: +82-31-219-5324, Fax: +82-31-219-5218, E-mail:
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11
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Roczniak W, Szymlak A, Mazur B, Chobot A, Stojewska M, Oświęcimska J. Nutritional Status and Selected Adipokines in Children with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245282. [PMID: 36558441 PMCID: PMC9782519 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and serum concentrations of adipokines in children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy controls. We also sought to evaluate their relation to metabolic parameters. METHODS We studied 33 IBS patients (11 girls, 22 boys) aged 5-17 years and 30 healthy age-matched controls (11 girls, 19 boys). The analysis included anthropometric measurements, body composition parameter measurements using bioimpedance, and biochemical tests and measurements of serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, and omentin-1. RESULTS The results of the anthropometric measurements were comparable between the patients and the controls. The patients had higher triglycerides, HOMA-IRs, and chemerin concentrations than the healthy subjects. The HDL cholesterol and omentin-1 levels were lower than in the controls. Leptin and adiponectin did not differ significantly between the groups. An analysis of the receiver operator curves (ROCs) showed that serum concentrations of chemerin ≥ 232.8 ng/mL had 30% sensitivity and 87% specificity when they were used to differentiate between children with IBS and healthy subjects. In the case of serum omentin-1 concentrations ≤ 279.4 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity were 60% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The nutritional status of children with IBS did not differ from that of the healthy controls. We found significant differences in serum chemerin and omentin-1 concentrations between IBS patients and healthy children. These adipokines could be used as IBS biomarkers as they demonstrate good specificity and moderate sensitivity. The serum concentrations of chemerin and omentin-1 in IBS patients were related to nutritional status and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Roczniak
- Institute of Medicine, Jan Grodek State University in Sanok, ul. Mickiewicza 21, 38-500 Sanok, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Szymlak
- Department of General Paediatrics, University Hospital No 1 in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 3 Maja 13-15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Bogdan Mazur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Agata Chobot
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, al. W.Witosa 26, 45-401 Opole, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stojewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 3-Maja 13-15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Oświęcimska
- Institute of Medicine, Jan Grodek State University in Sanok, ul. Mickiewicza 21, 38-500 Sanok, Poland
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12
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Beneficial Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Modulating Gut Microbiota and Controlling Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193985. [PMID: 36235638 PMCID: PMC9572805 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has consistently been associated with an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as the development of several types of cancer. In recent decades, unfortunately, the rate of overweight/obesity has increased significantly among adults and children. A growing body of evidence shows that there is a relationship between metabolic disorders such as obesity and the composition of the gut microbiota. Additionally, inflammation is considered to be a driving force in the obesity–gut microbiota connection. Therefore, it seems that anti-inflammatory nutrients, foods, and/or diets can play an essential role in the management of obesity by affecting the intestinal flora and controlling inflammatory responses. In this review, we describe the links between the gut microbiota, obesity, and inflammation, and summarize the benefits of anti-inflammatory diets in preventing obesity.
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13
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Marley AR, Ryder JR, Turcotte LM, Spector LG. Maternal obesity and acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk in offspring: A summary of trends, epidemiological evidence, and possible biological mechanisms. Leuk Res 2022; 121:106924. [PMID: 35939888 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2022.106924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a heterogenous malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of lymphoid progenitors and generally initiated in utero, is the most common pediatric cancer. Although incidence of ALL has been steadily increasing in recent decades, no clear reason for this trend has been identified. Rising concurrently with ALL incidence, increasing maternal obesity rates may be partially contributing to increasing ALL prevelance. Epidemiological studies, including a recent meta-analysis, have found an association between maternal obesity and leukemogenesis in offspring, although mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to propose possible mechanisms connecting maternal obesity to ALL risk in offspring, including changes to fetal/neonatal epigenetics, altered insulin-like growth factor profiles and insulin resistance, modified adipokine production and secretion, changes to immune cell populations, and impacts on birthweight and childhood obesity/adiposity. We describe how each proposed mechanism is biologically plausible due to their connection with maternal obesity, presence in neonatal and/or fetal tissue, observation in pediatric ALL patients at diagnosis, and association with leukemogenesis, A description of ALL and maternal obesity trends, a summary of epidemiological evidence, a discussion of the pathway from intrauterine environment to subsequent malignancy, and propositions for future directions are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Marley
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE MMC 715, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Justin R Ryder
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE MMC 715, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Ave S AO-102, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Lucie M Turcotte
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE MMC 484, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 425 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Logan G Spector
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE MMC 715, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 425 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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14
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Parvanehvar S, Tehranian N, Kazemnejad A, Mozdarani H, Hedayati M. Maternal serum adiponectin and leptin levels and their gene expression, postpartum body mass index, and breastfeeding duration based on mode of delivery: A prospective study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022; 48:1768-1774. [PMID: 35384157 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines are involved in inflammatory responses, associated with body mass index whose concentrations may change in response to inflammatory conditions, including surgery and delivery. We examined adiponectin and leptin levels and their gene expression at birth, body mass index, and breastfeeding duration at 24 months postpartum according to mode of delivery. METHODS In this study, 90 normal pregnant women were investigated. Blood samples were collected after delivery. Serum levels and gene expression of adiponectin and leptin were evaluated. Body mass index and breastfeeding duration were calculated at 24 months postpartum. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 and p < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS Serum leptin level was significantly higher in vaginal delivery than in cesarean section (p = 0.033). No significant difference was found between two groups regarding adiponectin level and gene expression, while leptin gene expression was significantly higher in cesarean (p = 0.005). Postpartum body mass index did not differ between the two groups (p = 0.14). On the other hand, postpartum body mass index was significantly higher than the equivalent prepregnancy index in both groups (p < 0.001) and was associated with serum leptin and adiponectin in vaginal delivery (r = 0.46, p = 0.001, and r = -0.3, p = 0.04, respectively). The duration of breastfeeding was longer in vaginal delivery (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION Cesarean section was associated with lower maternal leptin levels and shorter breast-feeding duration compared to vaginal delivery. Leptin gene expression was significantly higher in cesarean section than in vaginal delivery. Postpartum body mass index, adiponectin level, and gene expression did not differ between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Parvanehvar
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Midwifery, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Najmeh Tehranian
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- Department of Medical Genetics -Medical Cytogenetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Hirsch GE, Heck TG. Inflammation, oxidative stress and altered heat shock response in type 2 diabetes: the basis for new pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:411-425. [PMID: 31746233 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1687522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a chronic disease characterised by variable degrees of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Besides, several pieces of evidence have shown that chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) are strongly involved in DM2 and its complications, and various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment alternatives act in these processes/molecules to modulate them and ameliorate the disease. Besides, uncontrolled hyperglycaemia is related to several complications as diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and hepatic, renal and cardiac complications. In this review, we address discuss the involvement of different inflammatory and pro-oxidant pathways related to DM2, and we described molecular targets modulated by therapeutics currently available to treat DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Elisa Hirsch
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
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16
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Salas-Venegas V, Flores-Torres RP, Rodríguez-Cortés YM, Rodríguez-Retana D, Ramírez-Carreto RJ, Concepción-Carrillo LE, Pérez-Flores LJ, Alarcón-Aguilar A, López-Díazguerrero NE, Gómez-González B, Chavarría A, Konigsberg M. The Obese Brain: Mechanisms of Systemic and Local Inflammation, and Interventions to Reverse the Cognitive Deficit. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:798995. [PMID: 35422689 PMCID: PMC9002268 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.798995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are now considered a worldwide pandemic and a growing public health problem with severe economic and social consequences. Adipose tissue is an organ with neuroimmune-endocrine functions, which participates in homeostasis. So, adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia induce a state of chronic inflammation that causes changes in the brain and induce neuroinflammation. Studies with obese animal models and obese patients have shown a relationship between diet and cognitive decline, especially working memory and learning deficiencies. Here we analyze how obesity-related peripheral inflammation can affect central nervous system physiology, generating neuroinflammation. Given that the blood-brain barrier is an interface between the periphery and the central nervous system, its altered physiology in obesity may mediate the consequences on various cognitive processes. Finally, several interventions, and the use of natural compounds and exercise to prevent the adverse effects of obesity in the brain are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Salas-Venegas
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa Pamela Flores-Torres
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yesica María Rodríguez-Cortés
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Retana
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Jair Ramírez-Carreto
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Edgar Concepción-Carrillo
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Josefina Pérez-Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Alarcón-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Edith López-Díazguerrero
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Gómez-González
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anahí Chavarría
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mina Konigsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Mina Konigsberg,
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17
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Juliaty A, Putri SH, Ganda IJ. Leptin Level in Obese Children with Vitamin D Deficiency. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vitamin D contributes to leptin synthesis through its effects on adipogenesis, the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and its effect on mRNA leptin. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation of leptin and vitamin D deficiency and in children with obesity.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to February 2020 and was chosen using multistage cluster random sampling with the target of junior high and high school students in Makassar city who met the obesity criteria. The subjects were divided into obese children with vitamin D deficiency group and obese children without vitamin D deficiency group.
Results: The occurrence of hyperleptinemia in children with obesity and vitamin D deficiency was 42 (82.4 %), while it was 1 (2.2%) in children with obesity but no vitamin D deficiency, with a statistical analysis showing a value of p=0.000 and an OR value of 205.333. The leptin levels’ mean value in children with obesity and vitamin D deficiency was 31.67 ng/mL, while it was 5.13 ng/mL in the group without vitamin D deficiency. A Spearman correlation analysis of vitamin D and leptin levels revealed a negative correlation with p = 0.000 and r = -0.817.
Conclusion: The level of leptin was higher in children with obesity and vitamin D deficiency than in children with obesity but no vitamin D deficiency.
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18
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Glovak ZT, Angel C, O’Brien CB, Baghdoyan HA, Lydic R. Buprenorphine differentially alters breathing among four congenic mouse lines as a function of dose, sex, and leptin status. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2022; 297:103834. [PMID: 34954128 PMCID: PMC8810735 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2021.103834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The opioid buprenorphine alters breathing and the cytokine leptin stimulates breathing. Obesity increases the risk for respiratory disorders and can lead to leptin resistance. This study tested the hypothesis that buprenorphine causes dose-dependent changes in breathing that vary as a function of obesity, leptin status, and sex. Breathing measures were acquired from four congenic mouse lines: female and male wild type C57BL/6J (B6) mice, obese db/db and ob/ob mice with leptin dysfunction, and male B6 mice with diet-induced obesity. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with saline (control) and five doses of buprenorphine (0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10 mg/kg). Buprenorphine caused dose-dependent decreases in respiratory frequency while increasing tidal volume, minute ventilation, and respiratory duty cycle. The effects of buprenorphine varied significantly with leptin status and sex. Buprenorphine decreased minute ventilation variability in all mice. The present findings highlight leptin status as an important modulator of respiration and encourage future studies aiming to elucidate the mechanisms through which leptin status alters breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsea Angel
- Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | | | - Helen A. Baghdoyan
- Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - Ralph Lydic
- Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States.
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19
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Li HM, Wang LJ, Tang F, Pan HF, Zhang TP. Association of leptin and leptin receptor genes variants and pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility, clinical manifestations in a Chinese population. Microb Pathog 2022; 165:105499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Barbosa CM, Lima TC, Barbosa MA, Rezende A, Carneiro CM, Silva SDQ, Itabaiana YA, Carvalho Alzamora A. Progenitor with cardiometabolic disorders increases food intake, systemic inflammation and gut microbiota alterations in the second generation offspring. Food Funct 2022; 13:8685-8702. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02838c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the effects of the high-fat diet (H) consumed by the progenitor (G0) on cardiometabolic disorders and on intestinal microbiota in the second generation ofspring (F2). Rats submitted...
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21
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Ryyti R, Pemmari A, Peltola R, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen E. Effects of Lingonberry ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) Supplementation on Hepatic Gene Expression in High-Fat Diet Fed Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3693. [PMID: 34835949 PMCID: PMC8623941 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is growing worldwide in association with Western-style diet and increasing obesity. Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) is rich in polyphenols and has been shown to attenuate adverse metabolic changes in obese liver. This paper investigated the effects of lingonberry supplementation on hepatic gene expression in high-fat diet induced obesity in a mouse model. C57BL/6N male mice were fed for six weeks with either a high-fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diet (46% and 10% energy from fat, respectively) or HF diet supplemented with air-dried lingonberry powder (HF + LGB). HF diet induced a major phenotypic change in the liver, predominantly affecting genes involved in inflammation and in glucose and lipid metabolism. Lingonberry supplementation prevented the effect of HF diet on an array of genes (in total on 263 genes) associated particularly with lipid or glucose metabolic process (such as Mogat1, Plin4, Igfbp2), inflammatory/immune response or cell migration (such as Lcn2, Saa1, Saa2, Cxcl14, Gcp1, S100a10) and cell cycle regulation (such as Cdkn1a, Tubb2a, Tubb6). The present results suggest that lingonberry supplementation prevents HF diet-induced adverse changes in the liver that are known to predispose the development of NAFLD and its comorbidities. The findings encourage carrying out human intervention trials to confirm the results, with the aim of recommending the use of lingonberries as a part of healthy diet against obesity and its hepatic and metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riitta Ryyti
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland; (R.R.); (A.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Antti Pemmari
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland; (R.R.); (A.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Rainer Peltola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Bioeconomy and Environment, 96200 Rovaniemi, Finland;
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland; (R.R.); (A.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland; (R.R.); (A.P.); (M.H.)
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22
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Kamareddine L, Ghantous CM, Allouch S, Al-Ashmar SA, Anlar G, Kannan S, Djouhri L, Korashy HM, Agouni A, Zeidan A. Between Inflammation and Autophagy: The Role of Leptin-Adiponectin Axis in Cardiac Remodeling. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5349-5365. [PMID: 34703273 PMCID: PMC8528546 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s322231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is the process by which the heart adapts to stressful stimuli, such as hypertension and ischemia/reperfusion; it ultimately leads to heart failure upon long-term exposure. Autophagy, a cellular catabolic process that was originally considered as a mechanism of cell death in response to detrimental stimuli, is thought to be one of the main mechanisms that controls cardiac remodeling and induces heart failure. Dysregulation of the adipokines leptin and adiponectin, which plays essential roles in lipid and glucose metabolism, and in the pathophysiology of the neuroendocrine and cardiovascular systems, has been shown to affect the autophagic response in the heart and to contribute to accelerate cardiac remodeling. The obesity-associated protein leptin is a pro-inflammatory, tumor-promoting adipocytokine whose elevated levels in obesity are associated with acute cardiovascular events, and obesity-related hypertension. Adiponectin exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, and its reduced levels in obesity correlate with the pathogenesis of obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases. Leptin- and adiponectin-induced changes in autophagic flux have been linked to cardiac remodeling and heart failure. In this review, we describe the different molecular mechanisms of hyperleptinemia- and hypoadiponectinemia-mediated pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling and the involvement of autophagy in this process. A better understanding of the roles of leptin, adiponectin, and autophagy in cardiac functions and remodeling, and the exact signal transduction pathways by which they contribute to cardiac diseases may well lead to discovery of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Kamareddine
- Department Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Crystal M Ghantous
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Keserwan, Lebanon
| | - Soumaya Allouch
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah A Al-Ashmar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gulsen Anlar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Surya Kannan
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laiche Djouhri
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Hsu YH, Wu CH, Chiu CJ, Chen WT, Chang YC, Wabitsch M, Chang MS. IL-20 is involved in obesity by modulation of adipogenesis and macrophage dysregulation. Immunology 2021; 164:817-833. [PMID: 34403503 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-20 is a proinflammatory cytokine of the IL-10 family and involved in several diseases. However, the regulatory role of IL-20 in obesity is not well understood. We explored the function of IL-20 in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance by ELISA, Western blotting and flow cytometry. The therapeutic potential of IL-20 monoclonal antibody 7E for ameliorating diet-induced obesity was analysed in murine models. Higher serum IL-20 levels were detected in obese patients. It was upregulated in leptin-deficient (ob/ob), leptin-resistant (db/db) and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced murine obesity models. In vitro, IL-20 regulated the adipocyte differentiation and the polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages into proinflammatory M1 type. It also caused inflammation and macrophage retention in adipose tissues by upregulating TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), netrin 1 and unc5b (netrin receptor) expression in macrophages and netrin 1, leptin and MCP-1 in adipocytes. IL-20 promoted insulin resistance by inhibiting glucose uptake in mature adipocytes through the SOCS-3 pathway. In HFD-induced obesity in mice, 7E treatment reduced body weight and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity; it also reduced local inflammation and the number of M1-like macrophages in adipose tissues. We have identified a critical role of IL-20 in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance, and we conclude that IL-20 may be a novel target for treating obesity and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Juno Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ming-Shi Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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24
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Ahn SS, Yoon T, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Serum adipokine profiles in patients with microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis: An exploratory analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254226. [PMID: 34242326 PMCID: PMC8270208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have shown that adipokines may serve as potential biomarkers reflecting disease activity in various autoimmune diseases. Here, we investigated the relationship between four adipokines and clinical/laboratory findings in patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). METHODS Sera from 63 patients with MPA and GPA who were registered in a prospective cohort were used to detect serum levels of adiponectin, chemerin, resistin, and vaspin using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Associations between adipokines and clinical and laboratory data was assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS The median age was 65.0 years, 24 patients were male, and 42 patients were diagnosed with MPA. The median levels of adiponectin, chemerin, resistin, and vaspin in patient sera were 13.9 ng/mL, 9.2 ng/mL, 23.7 ng/mL, and 0.1 ng/mL, respectively. A significant correlation between chemerin level and five-factor score (FFS) was found (r = 0.320, p = 0.011), and resistin was correlated with both Birmingham vasculitis activity score and FFS (r = 0.256, p = 0.043 and r = 0.320, p = 0.011). Regarding laboratory data, adiponectin level was associated with creatinine, and chemerin level was associated with creatinine, albumin, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). On the other hand, resistin was found to be associated with white blood cell count, creatinine, ESR, and C-reactive protein. Age did not have a significant impact on the levels of adipokines. CONCLUSIONS The expression of adipokines in the sera of patients with MPA and GPA differs depending on clinical and laboratory features, and serum resistin may be suggested as a potential biomarker reflecting disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Soo Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejun Yoon
- Department of Medical Science, BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jason Jungsik Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Liu B, Tang Y, Song Z, Ge J. Polygonatum sibiricum F. Delaroche polysaccharide ameliorates HFD‑induced mouse obesity via regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammatory response. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:501. [PMID: 33982779 PMCID: PMC8134871 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to elucidate the role of Polygonatum sibiricum F. Delaroche polysaccharide (PSP) in high‑fat diet (HFD)‑induced mouse obesity and investigated the primary molecular mechanism underlaying these effects. An obese mouse model was established by feeding HFD and three doses of PSP were administered intragastrically. Changes in body weight, serum lipids and parameters were recorded and the mechanism was explored by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. Body weight, blood lipids, blood glucose, insulin, resistin, adiponectin, liver weight and abdominal fat pads weight were reduced by PSP and abnormal expression levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF‑α, IL‑6, IL‑1β and iNOS and lipid metabolism genes such as FAS, SREBP‑1, PPARα and CPT‑1were also reversed by PSP. The 5' adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway was activated in PSP mouse liver, leading to lipid‑lowering and anti‑inflammatory effects. The results therefore suggested that PSP exhibited lipid‑lowering and anti‑inflammatory effects by activating the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
- Central South Food Science Institute of Grain and Oil Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410100, P.R. China
- Hunan Grain Group Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410100, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Tang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyan Song
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
- Medical College, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, P.R. China
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26
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de Leeuw AJM, Oude Luttikhuis MAM, Wellen AC, Müller C, Calkhoven CF. Obesity and its impact on COVID-19. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:899-915. [PMID: 33824998 PMCID: PMC8023779 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has proven a challenge to healthcare systems since its first appearance in late 2019. The global spread and devastating effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on patients have resulted in countless studies on risk factors and disease progression. Overweight and obesity emerged as one of the major risk factors for developing severe COVID-19. Here we review the biology of coronavirus infections in relation to obesity. In particular, we review literature about the impact of adiposity-related systemic inflammation on the COVID-19 disease severity, involving cytokine, chemokine, leptin, and growth hormone signaling, and we discuss the involvement of hyperactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Due to the sheer number of publications on COVID-19, we cannot be completed, and therefore, we apologize for all the publications that we do not cite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica J M de Leeuw
- University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Annemarijn C Wellen
- University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Müller
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis F Calkhoven
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Hasani M, Saidpour A, Irandoost P, Golab F, Khazdouz M, Qorbani M, Agh F, Mohammad Sharifi A, Vafa M. Beneficial effects of Se/Zn co-supplementation on body weight and adipose tissue inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3414-3425. [PMID: 34631042 PMCID: PMC8488787 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This research investigated the effect of co-supplementation of selenium with zinc on weight control and the inflammatory and oxidative status in relation to obesity. Male Wistar rats (N = 32) were randomly divided into four groups after induction of obesity model: 1) "Zn" was supplemented with zinc sulfate (15 mg/kg BW), 2) "Se" supplemented with selenium as sodium selenate (0.5 mg/kg BW), 3) "Zn + Se" which received Zn (15 mg/kg BW) + Se (0.5 mg/kg BW), and 4) "HFD" as the control group. The intervention was done for eight weeks. At the end of treatment, serum and tissue level of Zn, Se, SOD, GSH-Px, MDA, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6 was evaluated. Weight and food intake were significantly reduced in the Se group(p < .001), while in the Zn group, weight gain due to obesity was prevented compared to the control group (p = .48). There was a significant and stronger increase in SOD, GSH-Px levels and a remarkable decrease in MDA, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the group receiving the combination of two supplements than either alone(p < .001). Leptin had a positive correlation with inflammatory factors and lipid peroxidation marker and showed an inverse relationship with Zn and Se levels and anti-oxidative enzymes(p < .05). The analysis showed the mediating role of leptin in the effects of zinc. Co-supplementation of selenium and zinc may have a synergistic effect in reduction of oxidative and inflammatory markers. Regarding the effect of zinc on inflammatory factors and lipid peroxidation, leptin can play a mediating role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Hasani
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Atoosa Saidpour
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (Department) Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Pardis Irandoost
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center Iran University of Medical Science Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Khazdouz
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Fahimeh Agh
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- Stem cell and regenerative Medicine research center and department of pharmacology School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Maurya R, Sebastian P, Namdeo M, Devender M, Gertler A. COVID-19 Severity in Obesity: Leptin and Inflammatory Cytokine Interplay in the Link Between High Morbidity and Mortality. Front Immunol 2021; 12:649359. [PMID: 34220807 PMCID: PMC8250137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the foremost risk factors in coronavirus infection resulting in severe illness and mortality as the pandemic progresses. Obesity is a well-known predisposed chronic inflammatory condition. The dynamics of obesity and its impacts on immunity may change the disease severity of pneumonia, especially in acute respiratory distress syndrome, a primary cause of death from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The adipocytes of adipose tissue secret leptin in proportion to individuals’ body fat mass. An increase in circulating plasma leptin is a typical characteristic of obesity and correlates with a leptin-resistant state. Leptin is considered a pleiotropic molecule regulating appetite and immunity. In immunity, leptin functions as a cytokine and coordinates the host’s innate and adaptive responses by promoting the Th1 type of immune response. Leptin induced the proliferation and functions of antigen-presenting cells, monocytes, and T helper cells, subsequently influencing the pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by these cells, such as TNF-α, IL-2, or IL-6. Leptin scarcity or resistance is linked with dysregulation of cytokine secretion leading to autoimmune disorders, inflammatory responses, and increased susceptibility towards infectious diseases. Therefore, leptin activity by leptin long-lasting super active antagonist’s dysregulation in patients with obesity might contribute to high mortality rates in these patients during SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review systematically discusses the interplay mechanism between leptin and inflammatory cytokines and their contribution to the fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radheshyam Maurya
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Prince Sebastian
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Madhulika Namdeo
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Moodu Devender
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arieh Gertler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Madeira MP, Freire EBL, Fernandes VO, Lima GEDCP, Melo IDP, Montenegro APDR, Freire JEDC, Moreira-Nunes CDFA, Montenegro RC, Colares JKB, Montenegro Junior RM. SARS-COV-2 infection outcomes in patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:65. [PMID: 34130736 PMCID: PMC8204124 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new strain of human coronavirus (HCoV) spread rapidly around the world. Diabetes and obesity are associated with a worse prognosis in these patients. Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy (CGL) patients generally have poorly controlled diabetes and require extremely high doses of insulin. There is no documentation in the literature of cases of COVID in CGL patients. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CGL patients, and the association of their clinical and metabolic characteristics and outcomes. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study carried out between July and October 2020. Clinical data collected were respiratory or other flu-like symptoms, need of hospitalization in the last three months, CGL comorbidities, and medications in use. Cholesterol, triglycerides, glycohemoglobin A1c levels, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and nasopharyngeal swab for RT-qPCR were also obtained in all CGL patients. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the characteristics of the participants, verifying the non-adherence of the data to the Gaussian distribution. In investigating the association between categorical variables, we used Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. A significance level of 5% was adopted. RESULTS Twenty-two CGL patients were assessed. Eight subjects (36.4%) had reactive anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Only one of these, also presented detectable RT-qPCR. Five individuals (62.5%) were women, median age of 13.5 years (1 to 37). Symptoms like fever, malaise, nausea, diarrhea and chest pain were present, and all asymptomatic patients were children. All subjects had inadequate metabolic control, with no difference between groups. Among positive individuals there was no difference between those with AGPAT2 (75%) and BSCL2 gene mutations (25%) (p > 0.05). No patient needed hospitalization or died. CONCLUSIONS We described a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CGL patients with a good outcome in all of them. These findings suggest that at least young CGL patients infected by SARS-COV-2 are not at higher risk of poor outcome, despite known severe metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Ponte Madeira
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantidio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco das Ilhas – 1º Andar, Fortaleza, CE 60430-270 Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Erika Bastos Lima Freire
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantidio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco das Ilhas – 1º Andar, Fortaleza, CE 60430-270 Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Virginia Oliveira Fernandes
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantidio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco das Ilhas – 1º Andar, Fortaleza, CE 60430-270 Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
- Department of Community Health, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Grayce Ellen da Cruz Paiva Lima
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantidio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco das Ilhas – 1º Andar, Fortaleza, CE 60430-270 Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Ivana da Ponte Melo
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantidio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco das Ilhas – 1º Andar, Fortaleza, CE 60430-270 Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dias Rangel Montenegro
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantidio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco das Ilhas – 1º Andar, Fortaleza, CE 60430-270 Brazil
| | - José Ednésio da Cruz Freire
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantidio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco das Ilhas – 1º Andar, Fortaleza, CE 60430-270 Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Carvalho Montenegro
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | | | - Renan Magalhães Montenegro Junior
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantidio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco das Ilhas – 1º Andar, Fortaleza, CE 60430-270 Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
- Department of Community Health, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
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30
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Dinari Ghozhdi H, Heidarianpour A, Keshvari M, Tavassoli H. Exercise training and de-training effects on serum leptin and TNF-α in high fat induced diabetic rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:57. [PMID: 34039404 PMCID: PMC8157711 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocytokines, which are secreted by the adipose tissue, contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-related complications. To evaluate this assumption, we investigated the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET), resistance exercise training (RET), and 4 weeks of de-training on serum leptin and TNF-α levels in diabetic rats. METHOD 36 Wistar rats were divided into normal diet (ND) (control, RET, AET) and high-fat diet (HFD) + STZ (control, RET, AET) groups. Serum insulin, leptin, and TNF-α levels were assessed by commercial ELISA kits. Also fasting blood glucose (FBG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) levels were measured by the colorimetric kits. RESULTS Diabetes induction increased body weight (BW) and FBG, and decreased insulin compared to the ND rats' groups (p < 0.001). 12-weeks of AET and RET programs in the trained diabetic rats led to a decrease in TG, LDL-C, leptin, TNF-α, and FBG, and an increase in insulin compared to the HFD + STZ-C group (p < 0.001). Besides, there was no difference between AET and RET in improving the variables studied (p > 0.05). Also, de-training led to increased BW, TG, leptin, and TNF-α compared to the end of the exercise training (p < 0.05). The correlation between the variables studied was established at different stages of the study (p < 0.05), and only BW was not correlated with insulin during exercise training and de-training (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that both AET and RET are useful in reducing levels of serum adipocytokines (TNF-α, leptin) in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. At the same time, 4 weeks of de-training was sufficient to lose the metabolic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Dinari Ghozhdi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ali Heidarianpour
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Keshvari
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hassan Tavassoli
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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Klyne DM, Hodges PW. Circulating Adipokines in Predicting the Transition from Acute to Persistent Low Back Pain. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 21:2975-2985. [PMID: 32232467 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) contribute to the transition from acute to persistent pain. Despite increasing incidence of obesity and its linkage with chronic pain and inflammation, cytokines predominantly produced by adipose tissue (adipokines) have received little attention. Here we aimed to explore the longitudinal trajectory of adipokines from the onset of acute low back pain (LBP) and identify combinations of adipokines and/or other features that predict outcome. METHODS Individuals with acute LBP (less than two weeks after onset) who had either recovered (no pain, N = 15) or remained unrecovered (no reduction/increase in pain, N = 13) at six months and 15 controls were retrospectively selected from a larger prospective cohort. Participants provided blood for the measurement of TNF, interleukin-6 (IL-6), resistin, visfatin, adiponectin, leptin, and C-reactive protein (CRP), and completed questionnaires related to pain/disability, depression, and sleep at baseline. LBP participants repeated measurements at six months. RESULTS Compared with controls, acute LBP individuals had higher TNF and CRP but lower adiponectin. In LBP, unrecovered individuals had higher TNF at both time points, but lower CRP at baseline and leptin at six months. Although combined low CRP, high TNF, and depressive symptoms at baseline predicted poor recovery, the primary adipokines leptin, resistin, visfatin, and adiponectin did not. CONCLUSIONS Primary adipokines did not add to the prediction of poor LBP outcome that has been identified for the combination of low CRP, high TNF, and depressive symptoms in acute LBP. Whether adipokines play a role in LBP persistence in overweight/obese individuals requires investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Klyne
- The University of Queensland, NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul W Hodges
- The University of Queensland, NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
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Birlutiu V, Boicean LC. Serum leptin level as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in infectious diseases and sepsis: A comprehensive literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25720. [PMID: 33907162 PMCID: PMC8084034 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections and sepsis are common causes of morbidity and mortality, with an increasing incidence worldwide. Leptin is involved in the inflammatory process and may modulate the cytokine production, immune cell proliferation and endothelial function. There are conflicting results regarding alterations of leptin levels in infectious diseases and the outcome from sepsis.The aim of the current article is to provide an overview of the medical literature on the correlations between variations of leptin levels and infectious diseases and sepsis. METHODS We performed an extensive literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using keywords to identify articles related to leptin in infectious diseases and sepsis. Searches were referenced using medical subject headings that included "leptin," "adipokines," "sepsis," "infectious diseases," "leptin deficiency," "leptin resistance" or "hyperleptinemia." The language of publication, journal, or country were not included as limitation criteria.Articles or abstracts containing adequate information, such as age, sex, anthropometric indices, clinical presentation, comorbidities, and management were included in the study, whereas articles with insufficient clinical and demographic data were excluded. We assessed the quality of the studies selected.The final review of all databases was conducted on June 18, 2020. RESULTS We find the results from the current review to be of great importance due to the possible therapeutic role of leptin analogs in states of leptin deficiency associated with infectious diseases or sepsis.In hyperleptinemia, a therapeutic plan for obtaining leptin neutralization also needs further investigations. This could lead to the reduction of proinflammatory responses.There is a need for further studies to demonstrate the specificity and sensitivity of leptin in the early diagnosis of sepsis and the need to measure serum leptin levels in routine evaluation of the critical patient. CONCLUSION The multiple effects of leptin are of growing interest, but further studies are needed to elucidate the role of leptin signalling in infectious diseases and sepsis. Because very few human studies are reported, we recommend the need for further research.Better understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis and the implication of circulating total leptin in this process could help physicians in managing this life-threatening condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Birlutiu
- “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Faculty of Medicine
- Academic Emergency Hospital Sibiu—Infectious Diseases Clinic, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Loredana Camelia Boicean
- “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Faculty of Medicine
- Academic Emergency Hospital Sibiu—Infectious Diseases Clinic, Sibiu, Romania
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The Inflammatory Profile of Obesity and the Role on Pulmonary Bacterial and Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073456. [PMID: 33810619 PMCID: PMC8037155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a globally increasing health problem, entailing diverse comorbidities such as infectious diseases. An obese weight status has marked effects on lung function that can be attributed to mechanical dysfunctions. Moreover, the alterations of adipocyte-derived signal mediators strongly influence the regulation of inflammation, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. Our review summarizes the known effects regarding pulmonary bacterial and viral infections. For this, we discuss model systems that allow mechanistic investigation of the interplay between obesity and lung infections. Overall, obesity gives rise to a higher susceptibility to infectious pathogens, but the pathogenetic process is not clearly defined. Whereas, viral infections often show a more severe course in obese patients, the same patients seem to have a survival benefit during bacterial infections. In particular, we summarize the main mechanical impairments in the pulmonary tract caused by obesity. Moreover, we outline the main secretory changes within the expanded adipose tissue mass, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. Finally, we connect these altered host factors to the influence of obesity on the development of lung infection by summarizing observations from clinical and experimental data.
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Rajesh Y, Sarkar D. Association of Adipose Tissue and Adipokines with Development of Obesity-Induced Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042163. [PMID: 33671547 PMCID: PMC7926723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is rapidly dispersing all around the world and is closely associated with a high risk of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), leading to carcinogenesis, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It results from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure, leading to an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue (AT). Adipocytes play a substantial role in the tumor microenvironment through the secretion of several adipokines, affecting cancer progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance via diverse signaling pathways. AT is considered an endocrine organ owing to its ability to secrete adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and a plethora of inflammatory cytokines, which modulate insulin sensitivity and trigger chronic low-grade inflammation in different organs. Even though the precise mechanisms are still unfolding, it is now established that the dysregulated secretion of adipokines by AT contributes to the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. This review focuses on several obesity-associated adipokines and their impact on obesity-related metabolic diseases, subsequent metabolic complications, and progression to HCC, as well as their role as potential therapeutic targets. The field is rapidly developing, and further research is still required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms for the metabolic actions of adipokines and their role in obesity-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetirajam Rajesh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Massey Cancer Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-827-2339
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Gameiro A, Nascimento C, Urbano AC, Correia J, Ferreira F. Serum and Tissue Expression Levels of Leptin and Leptin Receptor Are Putative Markers of Specific Feline Mammary Carcinoma Subtypes. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:625147. [PMID: 33644151 PMCID: PMC7902695 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.625147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for breast cancer in post-menopausal women, being associated with elevated serum levels of leptin. Although overweight is a common condition in cat, the role of leptin and its receptor in feline mammary carcinoma remains unsettled. In this study, serum leptin and leptin receptor (ObR) levels were investigated in 58 cats with mammary carcinoma and compared with those of healthy animals, as were the expression levels of leptin and ObR in tumor tissues. The results showed that the Free Leptin Index is significantly decreased in cats with mammary carcinoma (p = 0.0006), particularly in those with luminal B and HER2-positive tumors, and that these animals also present significantly lower serum leptin levels (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.005, respectively). Interestingly, ulcerating tumors (p = 0.0005) and shorter disease-free survival (p = 0.0217) were associated to serum leptin levels above 4.17 pg/mL. In contrast, elevated serum ObR levels were found in all cats with mammary carcinoma (p < 0.0001), with levels above 16.89 ng/mL being associated with smaller tumors (p = 0.0118), estrogen receptor negative status (p = 0.0291) and increased serum levels of CTLA-4 (p = 0.0056), TNF-α (p = 0.0025), PD-1 (p = 0.0023), and PD-L1 (p = 0.0002). In tumor samples, leptin is overexpressed in luminal B and triple-negative carcinomas (p = 0.0046), whereas ObR is found to be overexpressed in luminal B tumors (p = 0.0425). Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that serum levels of leptin and ObR can be used as biomarkers of specific feline mammary carcinoma subtypes, and suggests the use of leptin antagonists as a therapeutic tool, reinforcing the utility of the cat as a cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Gameiro
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Nascimento
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Urbano
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Dodevska MS, Sobajic SS, Dragicevic VD, Stankovic I, Ivanovic ND, Djordjevic BI. The Impact of Diet and Fibre Fractions on Plasma Adipocytokine Levels in Prediabetic Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020487. [PMID: 33540682 PMCID: PMC7913095 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of diet and fibre fractions on adipocytokines in obese subjects with a risk of diabetes has not been investigated in detail yet. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of a 12-month lifestyle intervention with different fibre profiles (resistant starch (RS)-rich fibre, or ordinary food fibre profiles) on adipocytokine levels. Fifty participants are divided into two groups (RS group and Fibre group). The groups differ only in the percentage of the recommended level of the RS consumed as a fraction of the same total fibre amount. The applied dietary intervention includes intake of 7531 KJ/daywith a total fibre portion of 25-35 g/dayfor both groups that includes 15 g/day of RS for the RS group only. The levels of leptin, adiponectin, apelin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and C-reactive protein (CRP) are measured, and their relationship to anthropometric and biochemical parameters is estimated. Along with significant body weight loss, only leptin is significantly reduced by 13% in the RS group while in the Fibre group, apelin levels are significant (-21%). Polynomial regression shows a negative correlation between RS intake and adiponectin (R2 = 0.145) and resistin level (R2 = 0.461) in the RS group. This study indicates the possibility that fibre fractions differently influence the outcome of lifestyle interventions, as well as their adipocytokine levels, in obese prediabetic adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita S. Dodevska
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia “Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut“, Center for Hygiene and Human Ecology, Dr Subotica 5, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.S.); (I.S.); (N.D.I.); (B.I.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-2684-566; Fax: +381-11-2685-735
| | - Sladjana S. Sobajic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.S.); (I.S.); (N.D.I.); (B.I.D.)
| | | | - Ivan Stankovic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.S.); (I.S.); (N.D.I.); (B.I.D.)
| | - Nevena Dj. Ivanovic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.S.); (I.S.); (N.D.I.); (B.I.D.)
| | - Brizita I. Djordjevic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.S.); (I.S.); (N.D.I.); (B.I.D.)
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Viswanathan V, Sivakumar S, Sai Prathiba A, Devarajan A, George L, Kumpatla S. Effect of yoga intervention on biochemical, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes in South India: Results from the SATYAM project. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 172:108644. [PMID: 33359750 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of yoga intervention on the biochemical, oxidative stress markers and inflammatory markers and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Subjects with type 2 diabetes attending a tertiary care centre for diabetes during Feb 2017 to Oct 2019 in Chennai, India were randomly assigned to two different groups. Group1(non-Yoga) (n = 150) was advised on simple physical exercises whereas group2(Yoga) (n = 150) was trained and advised to do yogasanas with static loosening exercises for 50 min for 5 days in a week. Both the groups were followed up for a period of 3 months. Anthropometric, biochemical, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and sleep quality were assessed at baseline and after follow up. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in BMI, blood glucose levels, HbA1c, lipid levels, IL6, TNFα and TBARS in Yoga group as compared to non-Yoga group. There was marked improvement in the levels of Adiponectin, PTGIS and sleep quality among subjects practising yogasanas. CONCLUSION Regular practice of yogasanas improved glycaemic control, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes. Hence, Yogasanas can be used as an adjuvant therapy for managing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Viswanathan
- Department of Diabetology, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research Education and Training in Diabetes) (IDF Centre for Excellence in Diabetes Care), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sumathi Sivakumar
- Department of Yoga, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research Education and Training in Diabetes) (IDF Centre for Excellence in Diabetes Care), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Sai Prathiba
- Department of Primary Prevention of Diabetes, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research Education and Training in Diabetes) (IDF Centre for Excellence in Diabetes Care), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arutselvi Devarajan
- Department of Epidemiology, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research Education and Training in Diabetes) (IDF Centre for Excellence in Diabetes Care), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Leema George
- Department of Molecular Genetics, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research Education and Training in Diabetes) (IDF Centre for Excellence in Diabetes Care), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satyavani Kumpatla
- Department of Biochemistry, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research Education and Training in Diabetes) (IDF Centre for Excellence in Diabetes Care), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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de Carvalho MV, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Silva AR. PPAR Gamma: From Definition to Molecular Targets and Therapy of Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E805. [PMID: 33467433 PMCID: PMC7830538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate the expression of genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation. There are three members: PPARα, PPARβ or PPARγ. PPARγ have several ligands. The natural agonists are omega 9, curcumin, eicosanoids and others. Among the synthetic ligands, we highlight the thiazolidinediones, clinically used as an antidiabetic. Many of these studies involve natural or synthetic products in different pathologies. The mechanisms that regulate PPARγ involve post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, sumoylation and ubiquitination, among others. It is known that anti-inflammatory mechanisms involve the inhibition of other transcription factors, such as nuclear factor kB(NFκB), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) or activator protein 1 (AP-1), or intracellular signaling proteins such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. PPARγ transrepresses other transcription factors and consequently inhibits gene expression of inflammatory mediators, known as biomarkers for morbidity and mortality, leading to control of the exacerbated inflammation that occurs, for instance, in lung injury/acute respiratory distress. Many studies have shown the therapeutic potentials of PPARγ on pulmonary diseases. Herein, we describe activities of the PPARγ as a modulator of inflammation, focusing on lung injury and including definition and mechanisms of regulation, biological effects and molecular targets, and its role in lung diseases caused by inflammatory stimuli, bacteria and virus, and molecular-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia V. de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Cassiano F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
| | - Adriana R. Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
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Tsyklauri O, Niederlova V, Forsythe E, Prasai A, Drobek A, Kasparek P, Sparks K, Trachtulec Z, Prochazka J, Sedlacek R, Beales P, Huranova M, Stepanek O. Bardet-Biedl Syndrome ciliopathy is linked to altered hematopoiesis and dysregulated self-tolerance. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50785. [PMID: 33426789 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic genetic disease caused by the dysfunction of primary cilia. The immune system of patients with ciliopathies has not been investigated. However, there are multiple indications that the impairment of the processes typically associated with cilia may have influence on the hematopoietic compartment and immunity. In this study, we analyze clinical data of BBS patients and corresponding mouse models carrying mutations in Bbs4 or Bbs18. We find that BBS patients have a higher prevalence of certain autoimmune diseases. Both BBS patients and animal models have altered red blood cell and platelet compartments, as well as elevated white blood cell levels. Some of the hematopoietic system alterations are associated with BBS-induced obesity. Moreover, we observe that the development and homeostasis of B cells in mice is regulated by the transport complex BBSome, whose dysfunction is a common cause of BBS. The BBSome limits canonical WNT signaling and increases CXCL12 levels in bone marrow stromal cells. Taken together, our study reveals a connection between a ciliopathy and dysregulated immune and hematopoietic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Tsyklauri
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Niederlova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elizabeth Forsythe
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,National Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Service, Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Avishek Prasai
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Drobek
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kasparek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Kathryn Sparks
- National Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Service, Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Zdenek Trachtulec
- Laboratory of Germ Cell Development, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Philip Beales
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,National Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Service, Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Martina Huranova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Stepanek
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Thillan K, Lanerolle P, Thoradeniya T, Samaranayake D, Chandrajith R, Wickramasinghe P. Micronutrient status and associated factors of adiposity in primary school children with normal and high body fat in Colombo municipal area, Sri Lanka. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:14. [PMID: 33407272 PMCID: PMC7786904 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity and associated risk of chronic diseases are increasing among the paediatric population. The effectiveness of preventive measures and interventions are likely to improve when all factors which associate with obesity in a specific target group are considered. Currently such comprehensive data is unavailable for Sri Lankan children aged 8-9 years. METHODS This paper pertains to the data collected from August-2015 to November-2016 for a case-control study which included cases (high body fat) (N = 160; males-81) and controls (normal body fat) (N = 164; males-80) recruited from primary schools in the Colombo Municipal area. Anthropometry and body composition (Bioelectrical impedance analysis-BIA) were measured. Diet, physical activity and socio-demographic data were collected using validated interviewer administered questionnaires. Serum concentrations of vitamins A, D [25(OH)D], E, folate (serum and red blood cell-RBC), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), ferritin, leptin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed using fasting blood samples. RESULTS Cases were from higher socio-economic strata and spent significantly less time on physical activities, more time on sedentary behaviours and consumed higher energy compared to the controls. Cases from both genders had significantly lower levels of vitamin D [25 (OH)D], Fe and Mg (all p < 0.05) and higher levels of Cu and Ca (all p < 0.01) compared to controls. Higher levels of ferritin and Cr were seen among male (p < 0.001) and female (p > 0.05) cases compared to the controls. However, total serum folate levels were lower in male (p < 0.01) and female (p > 0.05) cases while the RBC folate levels were higher among male (p < 0.01) and female (p > 0.05) cases compared with controls. Vitamins A, E, Se, Mn and Co (p > 0.05) were not significantly different between groups. The inflammatory markers, both hs-CRP and leptin levels were higher among cases (p < 0.001) compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights higher socio-economic status, lower physical activity, more sedentary behaviours, higher energy intake and inconsistent distribution of micronutrients among the children with high body fat when compared with the control group. Increased levels of inflammatory markers indicate the presence of the risk of chronic inflammation in children with high body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaichelvi Thillan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Pulani Lanerolle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Tharanga Thoradeniya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Dulani Samaranayake
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Rohana Chandrajith
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Pujitha Wickramasinghe
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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Abd Elhafeez MA, Zamzam DA, Fouad MM, Elkhawas HM, Abdel Rahman HA. Serum leptin and body mass index in a sample of Egyptian multiple sclerosis patients. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-020-00239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The adipose tissues release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as leptin that can be considered a link between obesity and autoimmunity. This study aimed to investigate a possible correlation between BMI, serum leptin, and multiple sclerosis (MS).
Methods
This case-control study recruited consecutively 169 patients from our MS Unit and 50 healthy controls. Clinical history and examination with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scoring were done for all patients. Calculation of body mass index (BMI) and measurement of serum leptin level were done for patients and controls.
Results
The case group had significantly higher BMI (mean of 26.85 ± 6.06 versus 19.55 ± 1.62; P < 0.001) and higher serum leptin levels (median [IQR] of 280 pgm/ml [175–525] versus 102.5 pgm/ml [80–125]; P < 0.001) compared to the control group. Serum leptin levels did not have a correlation with either disease activity or degree of disability.
Conclusions
MS patients had significantly higher BMI and higher serum leptin levels compared to controls.
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Teixeira PDFDS, dos Santos PB, Pazos-Moura CC. The role of thyroid hormone in metabolism and metabolic syndrome. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820917869. [PMID: 32489580 PMCID: PMC7238803 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820917869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and thyroid dysfunction are common in clinical practice. The objectives of this review are to discuss some proposed mechanisms by which thyroid dysfunctions may lead to MetS, to describe the bidirectional relationship between thyroid hormones (THs) and adiposity and finally, to resume a list of recent studies in humans that evaluated possible associations between thyroid hormone status and MetS or its clinical components. Not solely THs, but also its metabolites regulate metabolic rate, influencing adiposity. The mechanisms enrolled are related to its direct effect on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) utilization, uncoupling synthesis of ATP, mitochondrial biogenesis, and its inotropic and chronotropic effects. THs also act controlling core body temperature, appetite, and sympathetic activity. In a bidirectional way, thyroid function is affected by adiposity. Leptin is one of the hallmarks, but the pro-inflammatory cytokines and also insulin resistance impact thyroid function and perhaps its structure. MetS development and weight gain have been positively associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in several studies. Adverse glucose metabolism may be related to hyperthyroidism, but also to reduction of thyroid function or higher serum TSH, as do abnormal serum triglyceride levels. Hypo- and hyperthyroidism have been related to higher blood pressure (BP), that may be consequence of genomic or nongenomic action of THs on the vasculature and in the heart. In summary, the interaction between THs and components of MetS is complex and not fully understood. More longitudinal studies controlling each of all confounding variables that interact with endpoints or exposure factors are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia de Fátima dos Santos Teixeira
- Endocrine Clinic, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Rocco, 255 – Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Borges dos Santos
- Research Fellow, Medicine School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Endocrinologist, Instituto Estadual de Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lee KW, Shin D. Prospective Associations of Serum Adiponectin, Leptin, and Leptin-Adiponectin Ratio with Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093287. [PMID: 32397260 PMCID: PMC7246697 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of adiponectin and leptin in the etiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been explored in various populations, limited knowledge is available on the prospective association of adiponectin and leptin with the risk of MetS development. The present study aimed to evaluate the associations of adiponectin, leptin, and the leptin-adiponectin (LA) ratio with the future risk of MetS in middle-aged and older Korean adults. Using a prospective, population-based Ansan-Ansung cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), 2691 Korean adults (1317 men and 1374 women) were included in the present study. Serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations were measured using commonly available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the relationships of the different adiponectin and leptin concentrations and LA ratio with the incident MetS. During a mean follow-up of 6.75 years, a total of 359 (27.26%) men and 385 (28.02%) women were identified as developing new-onset MetS. After controlling for covariates, higher adiponectin levels were associated with lower incidence of MetS (hazard ratio (HR) for third vs. first tertile: 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40–0.70 for men and HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.42–0.71 for women), while higher leptin levels (HR for third vs. first tertile: 2.88, 95% CI: 2.01–4.13 for men and HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.13–2.13 for women) and LA ratio (HR for third vs. first tertile: 3.07, 95% CI: 2.13–4.44 for men and HR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.41–2.66 for women) were associated with an increased incidence of MetS. Among men, in the fully adjusted models an increase by one standard deviation (SD) in adiponectin levels was associated with a 10% decrease in MetS risk (HR per SD: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85–0.95) while leptin and LA ratio was associated with a 5% (HR per SD: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.08) and 40% (HR per SD: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.22–1.62) increase in MetS risk, respectively. Among women, a significant association with MetS risk was observed only in adiponectin levels (HR per SD: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.88–0.95). We found that higher adiponectin level was associated with a lower risk of MetS, while higher leptin level and LA ratio were associated with elevated MetS incidence, irrespective of body mass index at baseline in both Korean men and women. Adiponectin and leptin levels and LA ratio could play a role as a useful biomarker in the prediction of future MetS development among middle-aged and older Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Won Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Korea;
| | - Dayeon Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-860-8123
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Beneficial effects of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) supplementation on metabolic and inflammatory adverse effects induced by high-fat diet in a mouse model of obesity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232605. [PMID: 32379797 PMCID: PMC7205235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a constantly increasing health problem worldwide. It is associated with a systemic low-grade inflammation, which contributes to the development of metabolic disorders and comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes. Diet has an important role in the prevention of obesity and its adverse health effects; as a part of healthy diet, polyphenol-rich berries, such as lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) have been proposed to have health-promoting effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of lingonberry supplementation on high-fat diet induced metabolic and inflammatory changes in a mouse model of obesity. Thirty male C57BL/6N mice were divided into three groups (n = 10/group) to receive low-fat (LF), high-fat (HF) and lingonberry-supplemented high-fat (HF+LGB) diet for six weeks. Low-fat and high-fat diet contained 10% and 46% of energy from fat, respectively. Lingonberry supplementation prevented the high-fat diet induced adverse changes in blood cholesterol and glucose levels and had a moderate effect on the weight and visceral fat gain, which were 26% and 25% lower, respectively, in the lingonberry group than in the high-fat diet control group. Interestingly, lingonberry supplementation also restrained the high-fat diet induced increases in the circulating levels of the proinflammatory adipocytokine leptin (by 36%) and the inflammatory acute phase reactant serum amyloid A (SAA; by 85%). Similar beneficial effects were discovered in the hepatic expression of the inflammatory factors CXCL-14, S100A10 and SAA by lingonberry supplementation. In conclusion, the present results indicate that lingonberry supplementation significantly prevents high-fat diet induced metabolic and inflammatory changes in a murine model of obesity. The results encourage evaluation of lingonberries as a part of healthy diet against obesity and its comorbidities.
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Selvaraj S, Oh JH, Borlak J. An adverse outcome pathway for immune-mediated and allergic hepatitis: a case study with the NSAID diclofenac. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2733-2748. [PMID: 32372211 PMCID: PMC7395045 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many drugs have the potential to cause drug-induced liver injury (DILI); however, underlying mechanisms are diverse. The concept of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) has become instrumental for risk assessment of drug class effects. We report AOPs specific for immune-mediated and drug hypersensitivity/allergic hepatitis by considering genomic, histo- and clinical pathology data of mice and dogs treated with diclofenac. The findings are relevant for other NSAIDs and drugs undergoing iminoquinone and quinone reactive metabolite formation. We define reactive metabolites catalyzed by CYP monooxygenase and myeloperoxidases of neutrophils and Kupffer cells as well as acyl glucuronides produced by uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase as molecular initiating events (MIE). The reactive metabolites bind to proteins and act as neo-antigen and involve antigen-presenting cells to elicit B- and T-cell responses. Given the diverse immune systems between mice and dogs, six different key events (KEs) at the cellular and up to four KEs at the organ level are defined with mechanistic plausibility for the onset and progression of liver inflammation. With mice, cellular stress response, interferon gamma-, adipocytokine- and chemokine signaling provided a rationale for the AOP of immune-mediated hepatitis. With dogs, an erroneous programming of the innate and adaptive immune response resulted in mast cell activation; their infiltration into liver parenchyma and the shift to M2-polarized Kupffer cells signify allergic hepatitis and the occurrence of granulomas of the liver. Taken together, diclofenac induces divergent immune responses among two important preclinical animal species, and the injury pattern seen among clinical cases confirms the relevance of the developed AOP for immune-mediated hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanakumar Selvaraj
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Saeidi J, Motaghipur R, Sepehrian A, Mohtashami M, Forooghi Nia F, Ghasemi A. Dietary fats promote inflammation in Wistar rats as well as induce proliferation, invasion of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13177. [PMID: 32157714 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of high fat diet (HFD) in ovarian cancer and its underlying mechanisms are poorly known. In current investigation, we investigated inflammatory and oncogenic effect of dietary fats in female Wistar rats and ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV3). The ELISA kits were used for adipokines and inflammatory factors analyses in sera collected from rats fed with high fat diet (SR-HFD). Cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were measured in SKOV3 cells treated with the SR-HFD and FA mix. IL6, IL1β, TNFα, NF-kβ, and p53 expression were measured in cells incubated with the mentioned treatments. Leptin and inflammatory factors increased, while adiponectin decreased in SR-HFD. Moreover, FA mix significantly induced proliferation, migration, and invasion, promoted the expression of inflammatory factors and NF-κB and inhibited apoptosis markers in SKOV3 cells. Taken together, our findings revealed that diet might be a crucial factor in ovarian cancer progression through altering the inflammatory factors. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The HFD-mediated obesity promotes cancer progression in various tissues. This study highlights the progression of inflammation in female Wistar rats and the growth of ovarian cancer cells by dietary fats. Thus, dietary factors can be considered as key factors for the prevention of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Saeidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Reza Motaghipur
- Department of Genetic, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Atefe Sepehrian
- Department of Genetic, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Mohtashami
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forooghi Nia
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghasemi
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Department of Basic Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Boldt K, MacDonald G, Joumaa V, Herzog W. Mechanical adaptations of skinned cardiac muscle in response to dietary-induced obesity during adolescence in rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:893-901. [PMID: 32134688 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a major risk factor for heart disease during adulthood, independent of adulthood behaviours. Therefore, it seems that childhood obesity leads to partly irreversible decrements in cardiac function. Little is known about how obesity during maturation affects the mechanical properties of the heart. The purpose of this study was to evaluate contractile properties in developing hearts from animals with dietary-induced obesity (high-fat high-sucrose diet). We hypothesized that obesity induced during adolescence results in decrements in cardiac contractile function. Three-week-old rats (n = 16) were randomized into control (chow) or dietary-induced obesity (high-fat high-sucrose diet) groups. Following 14 weeks on the diet, skinned cardiac trabeculae fibre bundle testing was performed to evaluate active and passive force, maximum shortening velocity, and calcium sensitivity. Rats in the high-fat high-sucrose diet group had significantly larger body mass and total body fat percentage. There were no differences in maximal active or passive properties of hearts between groups. Hearts from the high-fat high-sucrose diet rats had significantly slower maximum shortening velocities and lower calcium sensitivity than controls. Decreased shortening velocity and calcium sensitivity in hearts of obese animals may constitute increased risk of cardiac disease in adulthood. Novelty Cardiac muscle from animals exposed to an obesogenic diet during development had lower shortening velocity and calcium sensitivity than those from animals fed a chow diet. These alterations in mechanical function may be a mechanism for the increased risk of cardiac disease observed in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Boldt
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Graham MacDonald
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Venus Joumaa
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Walter Herzog
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Haghighatdoost F, Gholami A, Hariri M. Alpha-lipoic acid effect on leptin and adiponectin concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 76:649-657. [PMID: 32040596 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-02844-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New evidence suggests that dysregulation of adipocytokines caused by excess adiposity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various obesity comorbidities. Our aim in this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on serum levels of leptin and adiponectin. METHODS We searched Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ISI Web of Science from inception up to July 2019. Mean difference for leptin and adiponectin were calculated by subtracting the change from baseline in each study group. Summary estimates for the overall effect of ALA on serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations were calculated using random effects model. Results were presented as weighted mean difference (WMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Between-study heterogeneity was examined using the I2 statistics. RESULT Eight studies were included in systematic review and seven studies in meta-analysis. The overall effect suggested a significant decrement in serum leptin concentrations (WMD = - 3.63; 95% CI, - 5.63, - 1.64 μg/ml; I2 = 80.7%) and a significant increase in serum levels of adiponectin (WMD = 1.98 μg/ml; 95% CI, 0.92, 3.04; I2 = 95.7%). Subgroup analyses based on age showed a significant reduction in leptin levels only in younger adults, and subgroup analysis based on duration indicated in studies with a duration of more than 8 weeks adiponectin levels increased significantly and leptin levels decreased significantly. CONCLUSION Our results revealed ALA decreased leptin and increased adiponectin especially in studies lasted more than 8 weeks. We still need more studies with different ALA dose, intervention duration, and separately on male and female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Gholami
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mitra Hariri
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Da Ré C, Souza JM, Fróes F, Taday J, dos Santos JP, Rodrigues L, Sesterheim P, Gonçalves CA, Leite MC. Neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide leads to memory impairment and alterations in hippocampal leptin signaling. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Maternal Deprivation and Sex Alter Central Levels of Neurotrophins and Inflammatory Cytokines in Rats Exposed to Palatable Food in Adolescence. Neuroscience 2020; 428:122-131. [PMID: 31917337 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal deprivation (MD) in rodents is used to simulate human-infant early life stress, which leads to neural, hormonal, and behavioral alterations. Palatable food (PF) can reduce the stress response, and individuals use it as a self-applied stress relief method. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the association between MD in the early life (P1-P10) and PF consumption (condensed milk, P21-P44) in the central neuroplasticity (BDNF/NGF levels) and central neuroinflammatory parameters (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels) in male and female Wistar rats in the adolescence. In addition, weight-related parameters (weight gain, Lee Index, and relative adipose tissue weight) were evaluated. PF exposure increased relative adipose tissue weight; however, it did not lead to a change in animals' body weight. MD reduced hypothalamic BDNF and NGF levels, and hippocampal TNF-α levels in male and female rats. Animals of both sexes that received PF, exhibited reduced hypothalamic NGF levels. Neuroinflammatory marker evaluations showed that male rats were more susceptible to the interventions than female rats, since MD reduced their cortical IL-10 levels and PF increased their IL-6 levels. Differences in the Lee index, central BDNF, TNF-α, and IL-6levels were observed between sexes. Male animals per se presented greater Lee index. Female rats had higher BDNF and IL-6 levels in the hippocampus and hypothalamus and higher hypothalamic TNF-α levels than those observed in males. In conclusion, there were more noticeable effects of MD than PF on the variables measured in this study. Sex effect was identified as an important factor and influenced most of the neurochemical measures in this study. In this way, we suggest including both female and male animals in researches to improve the quality of translational studies.
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