1
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Nuñez LFN, Chacón RD, Charlys da Costa A, Santander-Parra SH, da Costa Pereira Innocentini R, Sánchez-Llatas CJ, Cea-Callejo P, Ichillumpa SV, Astolfi Ferreira CS, de Sá LRM, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Detection and molecular characterization of chicken parvovirus and chicken megrivirus in layer breeders affected by intestinal dilatation syndrome. Avian Pathol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38916258 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2372486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS IDS presented pathognomonic dilatation of the jejunum up to Meckel's diverticulum.IDS caused weight loss, decreased egg production, and increased culling and mortality.Chicken parvovirus (ChPV) was consistently detected through PCR assays.Chicken megrivirus (ChMV) was consistently detected through viral metagenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fabian N Nuñez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ruy D Chacón
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana H Santander-Parra
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Christian J Sánchez-Llatas
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cea-Callejo
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefhany Valdeiglesias Ichillumpa
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Amazonas, Peru
| | - Claudete S Astolfi Ferreira
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Rose Marques de Sá
- Laboratory of Diagnostic and Environmental Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Piantino Ferreira
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Lages da Silva DH, Marques da Silva RL, Rios DL, de Souza DDG, Aburjaile F, de Freitas Neto OC, Camargos Lara LJ, Dias Araújo M, Ecco R. Intestinal microbiota diversity from broilers with runting and stunting syndrome performed by metagenomics. Avian Pathol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38662518 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2348509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS RSS causes dysbiosis of the gut microbiota of the ilea of chicks.A difference was found in gut microbiota between chicks with or without RSS.Candidatus Arthromitus was predominant in chicks with RSS.Clostridium sensu stricto 1 was strictly associated with chicks with RSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayse Helena Lages da Silva
- Pathology Sector and MULTILAB, Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Marques da Silva
- Pathology Sector and MULTILAB, Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Diego Lisboa Rios
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle da Glória de Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aburjaile
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Oliveiro Caetano de Freitas Neto
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo José Camargos Lara
- Department of Zootechnics, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Matheus Dias Araújo
- Pathology Sector and MULTILAB, Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roselene Ecco
- Pathology Sector and MULTILAB, Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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3
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Dias JBL, Pinheiro MS, Petrucci MP, Travassos CEPF, Mendes GS, Santos N. Rotavirus A and D circulating in commercial chicken flocks in southeastern Brazil. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:743-748. [PMID: 37878188 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) outbreaks can cause significant economic losses in the livestock and poultry industries. Stool samples were collected from asymptomatic laying and broiler chickens from commercial poultry farms in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo in southeastern Brazil for detection of RV species A and D (RVA and RVD, respectively) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RV was detected in 10.5% (34/325) of samples: 22 (64.7%) were positive for RVA and nine (26.5%) for RVD, while three (8.8%) exhibited coinfections with both viruses. Sequence analysis of a VP6 fragment from seven RVA-positive samples identified the I11 genotype in all samples. Information regarding avian RV epidemiology is still scanty, despite the high prevalence of RV infections in several bird species and subsequent economic impact. Consequently, monitoring infections caused by avian RVs, especially in commercial birds, is essential not only to provide new and relevant information regarding the biology, epidemiology, and evolution of these viruses, but also to facilitate the implementation of preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana B L Dias
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CCS, Bl. I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Pinheiro
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CCS, Bl. I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Melissa P Petrucci
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Carlos E P F Travassos
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Gabriella S Mendes
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CCS, Bl. I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Norma Santos
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CCS, Bl. I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.941-902, Brazil.
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4
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Williams RAJ, Sánchez-Llatas CJ, Doménech A, Madrid R, Fandiño S, Cea-Callejo P, Gomez-Lucia E, Benítez L. Emerging and Novel Viruses in Passerine Birds. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2355. [PMID: 37764199 PMCID: PMC10536639 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in emerging viruses that can cause serious or lethal disease in humans and animals. The proliferation of cloacal virome studies, mainly focused on poultry and other domestic birds, reveals a wide variety of viruses, although their pathogenic significance is currently uncertain. Analysis of viruses detected in wild birds is complex and often biased towards waterfowl because of the obvious interest in avian influenza or other zoonotic viruses. Less is known about the viruses present in the order Passeriformes, which comprises approximately 60% of extant bird species. This review aims to compile the most significant contributions on the DNA/RNA viruses affecting passerines, from traditional and metagenomic studies. It highlights that most passerine species have never been sampled. Especially the RNA viruses from Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Togaviridae are considered emerging because of increased incidence or avian mortality/morbidity, spread to new geographical areas or hosts and their zoonotic risk. Arguably poxvirus, and perhaps other virus groups, could also be considered "emerging viruses". However, many of these viruses have only recently been described in passerines using metagenomics and their role in the ecosystem is unknown. Finally, it is noteworthy that only one third of the viruses affecting passerines have been officially recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. J. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
| | - Christian J. Sánchez-Llatas
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
| | - Ana Doménech
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
- Deparment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Madrid
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
| | - Sergio Fandiño
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
- Deparment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cea-Callejo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
| | - Esperanza Gomez-Lucia
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
- Deparment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Benítez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
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5
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Zhang Y, Feng B, Xie Z, Zhang M, Fan Q, Deng X, Xie Z, Li M, Zeng T, Xie L, Luo S, Huang J, Wang S. Molecular characterization of emerging chicken and turkey parvovirus variants and novel strains in Guangxi, China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13083. [PMID: 37567941 PMCID: PMC10421884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian parvoviruses cause several enteric poultry diseases that have been increasingly diagnosed in Guangxi, China, since 2014. In this study, the whole-genome sequences of 32 strains of chicken parvovirus (ChPV) and 3 strains of turkey parvovirus (TuPV) were obtained by traditional PCR techniques. Phylogenetic analyses of 3 genes and full genome sequences were carried out, and 35 of the Guangxi ChPV/TuPV field strains were genetically different from 17 classic ChPV/TuPV reference strains. The nucleotide sequence alignment between ChPVs/TuPVs from Guangxi and other countries revealed 85.2-99.9% similarity, and the amino acid sequences showed 87.8-100% identity. The phylogenetic tree of these sequences could be divided into 6 distinct ChPV/TuPV groups. More importantly, 3 novel ChPV/TuPV groups were identified for the first time. Recombination analysis with RDP 5.0 revealed 15 recombinants in 35 ChPV/TuPV isolates. These recombination events were further confirmed by Simplot 3.5.1 analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on full genomes showed that Guangxi ChPV/TuPV strains did not cluster according to their geographic origin, and the identified Guangxi ChPV/TuPV strains differed from the reference strains. Overall, whole-genome characterizations of emerging Guangxi ChPV and TuPV field strains will provide more detailed insights into ChPV/TuPV mutations and recombination and their relationships with molecular epidemiological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China.
| | - Minxiu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianwen Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Meng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaoling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
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6
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Pinheiro MS, Dias JBL, Petrucci MP, Travassos CEPF, Mendes GS, Santos N. Molecular Characterization of Avian Rotaviruses F and G Detected in Brazilian Poultry Flocks. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051089. [PMID: 37243175 DOI: 10.3390/v15051089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian rotaviruses (RVs) are important etiologic agents of gastroenteritis in birds. In general, avian RVs are understudied; consequently, there is a paucity of information regarding these viruses. Therefore, the characterization of these viral species is highly relevant because more robust information on genetic, epidemiologic, and evolutionary characteristics can clarify the importance of these infections, and inform efficient prevention and control measures. In this study, we describe partial genome characterizations of two avian RV species, RVF and RVG, detected in asymptomatic poultry flocks in Brazil. Complete or partial sequences of at least one of the genomic segments encoding VP1, VP2, VP4, VP6, VP7, NSP1, NSP4, NSP4, or NSP5 of 23 RVF and 3 RVG strains were obtained, and demonstrated that multiple variants of both RVF and RVG circulate among Brazilian poultry. In this study, new and important information regarding the genomic characteristics of RVF and RVG is described. In addition, the circulation of these viruses in the study region and the genetic variability of the strains detected are demonstrated. Thus, the data generated in this work should help in understanding the genetics and ecology of these viruses. Nonetheless, the availability of a greater number of sequences is necessary to advance the understanding of the evolution and zoonotic potential of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Pinheiro
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21947-902, Brazil
| | - Juliana B L Dias
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21947-902, Brazil
| | - Melissa P Petrucci
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Carlos E P F Travassos
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Gabriella S Mendes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21947-902, Brazil
| | - Norma Santos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21947-902, Brazil
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7
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Veletanlic V, Sartalamacchia K, Diller JR, Ogden KM. Multiple rotavirus species encode fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins with cell type-specific activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.07.536061. [PMID: 37066280 PMCID: PMC10104117 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.07.536061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins are viral nonstructural proteins that mediate cell-cell fusion to form multinucleated syncytia. We previously reported that human species B rotavirus NSP1-1 is a FAST protein that induces syncytia in primate epithelial cells but not rodent fibroblasts. We hypothesized that the NSP1-1 proteins of other rotavirus species could also mediate cell-cell fusion and that fusion activity might be limited to cell types derived from homologous hosts. To test this hypothesis, we predicted the structure and domain organization of NSP1-1 proteins of species B rotavirus from a human, goat, and pig, species G rotavirus from a pigeon and turkey, and species I rotavirus from a dog and cat. We cloned these sequences into plasmids and transiently expressed the NSP1-1 proteins in avian, canine, hamster, human, porcine, and simian cells. Regardless of host origin of the virus, each NSP1-1 protein induced syncytia in primate cells, while few induced syncytia in other cell types. To identify the domains that determined cell-specific fusion activity for human species B rotavirus NSP1-1, we engineered chimeric proteins containing domain exchanges with the p10 FAST protein from Nelson Bay orthoreovirus. Using the chimeric proteins, we found that the N-terminal and transmembrane domains determined the cell type specificity of fusion activity. Although the species and cell type criteria for fusion activity remain unclear, these findings suggest that rotavirus species B, G, and I NSP1-1 are functional FAST proteins whose N termini play a role in specifying the cells in which they mediate syncytia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Veletanlic
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kylie Sartalamacchia
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julia R. Diller
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristen M. Ogden
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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8
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Tang J, Fu M, Chen X, Zhao Y, Gao L, Cao H, Li X, Zheng SJ, Wang Y. Arrest of Cell Cycle by Avian Reovirus p17 through Its Interaction with Bub3. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112385. [PMID: 36366482 PMCID: PMC9693402 DOI: 10.3390/v14112385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian reoviruses (ARV) are a group of poultry pathogens that cause runting and stunting syndrome (RSS), a condition otherwise known as "frozen chicken", which are characterized by dramatically delayed growth in broilers. It has been known that p17, a nonstructural protein encoded by ARV, prohibits cellular proliferation by halting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, the result of which is directly associated with the typical clinical sign of RSS. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which p17 modulates cell-cycle progression remains largely unknown. Here, we screened the interactome of ectopically expressed p17 through a yeast two-hybrid assay and identified Bub3, a cellular mitotic checkpoint protein, as a binding partner of p17. The infection of the Vero cells by ARV downregulated the Bub3 expression, while the knockdown of Bub3 alleviated the p17-modulated cell-cycle arrest during ARV infection. Remarkably, the suppression of Bub3 by RNAi in the Vero cells significantly reduced the viral mRNA and protein abundance, which eventually led to diminished virus replication. Altogether, our findings reveal that ARV p17 impedes host cell proliferation through a Bub3-dependent cell-cycle arrest, which eventually contributes to efficient virus replication. These results also unveil a hitherto unknown therapeutic target for RSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengjiao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yimeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun J. Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-(10)-6273-3026
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9
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Gallego JC, Lorencena D, de Mello JL, Delai RR, de Matos MR, de Marco Viott A, Lorenzetti E, Alfieri AA, Fernandes SR, Takiuchi E. Investigation of avian rotavirus infections in broiler chicks from commercial flocks with different performance efficiency indexes. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:853-858. [PMID: 35229242 PMCID: PMC8885118 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the frequency of occurrence of avian rotavirus (AvRV) in poultry flocks according to its Performance Efficiency Index (PEI) scores. A total of 256 individual intestinal content samples of small sized-chicks (runts) with clinical signs of Runting Stunting Syndrome (RSS) and 24 clinically healthy chicks (control) were collected from twelve flocks in southern Brazil with different PEI scores: good (n = 4, PEI mean = 365); moderate (n = 4, PEI mean = 342) or poor (n = 4, PEI mean = 319). Silver-stained polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (ss-PAGE) was used to detect and identify the AvRV species followed by RT-PCR and sequencing of the partial VP6 gene for species confirmation. AvRV was detected in 83% (10/12) of the flocks and 23.4% (60/256) of the chicks. The electrophoretic migration patterns of viral dsRNA segments were compatible with AvRV species A (AvRV- A), D (AvRV-D) and F (AvRV-F) in 9 (15%), 18 (30%), and 33 (55%) of the positive chicks fecal samples, respectively. The AvRV species identified by ss-PAGE were confirmed by RT-PCR and partial sequence analysis of the VP6 gene. The AvRV detection rate was statistically higher (p = 0.007) in chicks from flocks with poor PEI when compared to those with good PEI. The occurrence of AvRV-D and AvRV-F was statistically higher in 7 to 9 days old chicks, while AvRV-A was detected only in 13 to 14 days old animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Cristhine Gallego
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Daniela Lorencena
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Janaína Lustosa de Mello
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Ruana Renostro Delai
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Mônica Regina de Matos
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Aline de Marco Viott
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Sergio Rodrigo Fernandes
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Elisabete Takiuchi
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil.
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10
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Pinheiro MS, Dias JBL, Cunha BRAV, Petrucci MP, Travassos CEPF, Mendes GS, Santos N. Rotavirus F and G circulating in chickens in Southeastern Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:113. [PMID: 35217986 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) infections represent a significant cause of enteritis and diarrhea in avian species and pose a major concern for the poultry industry. However, the prevalence of rotavirus infections among birds is poorly understood. Stool samples were collected from laying and broiler hens from commercial poultry farms in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo, Southwest region of Brazil, for detection of rotavirus species F and G (RVF and RVG, respectively) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RV was detected in 11.7% (38/325) of samples: 35 samples were positive for RVF and 3 for RVG. RVF was detected in 15 samples from Rio de Janeiro and 23 samples from Espírito Santo. RVG was detected in 3 samples from Espírito Santo. All the positive samples were from asymptomatic broiler chickens. The prevalence of RV infection in these flocks was high, especially considering that the birds had no apparent clinical disease. Silent circulation in the herds signifies the need for a continuous surveillance program to guide measures to control and prevent this viral infection. Continuous monitoring of pathogens is crucial to ensure greater productivity on poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Pinheiro
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21.947-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana B L Dias
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21.947-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz R A V Cunha
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21.947-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Melissa P Petrucci
- Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos E P F Travassos
- Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriella S Mendes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21.947-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Norma Santos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, 21.947-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Departamento de Virologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho - 373, Cidade Universitária, 21.941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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11
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Cloft SE, Kinstler SR, Reno KE, Sellers HS, Franca M, Ecco R, Lee MD, Maurer JJ, Wong EA. Runting Stunting Syndrome in Broiler Chickens Is Associated with Altered Intestinal Stem Cell Morphology and Gene Expression. Avian Dis 2022; 66:85-94. [DOI: 10.1637/21-00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Cloft
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Sydney R. Kinstler
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Kaitlyn E. Reno
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Holly S. Sellers
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30601
| | - Monique Franca
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30601
| | - Roselene Ecco
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Margie D. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - John J. Maurer
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Eric A. Wong
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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12
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Jager MC, Tomlinson JE, Lopez-Astacio RA, Parrish CR, Van de Walle GR. Small but mighty: old and new parvoviruses of veterinary significance. Virol J 2021; 18:210. [PMID: 34689822 PMCID: PMC8542416 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In line with the Latin expression "sed parva forti" meaning "small but mighty," the family Parvoviridae contains many of the smallest known viruses, some of which result in fatal or debilitating infections. In recent years, advances in metagenomic viral discovery techniques have dramatically increased the identification of novel parvoviruses in both diseased and healthy individuals. While some of these discoveries have solved etiologic mysteries of well-described diseases in animals, many of the newly discovered parvoviruses appear to cause mild or no disease, or disease associations remain to be established. With the increased use of animal parvoviruses as vectors for gene therapy and oncolytic treatments in humans, it becomes all the more important to understand the diversity, pathogenic potential, and evolution of this diverse family of viruses. In this review, we discuss parvoviruses infecting vertebrate animals, with a special focus on pathogens of veterinary significance and viruses discovered within the last four years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason C Jager
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Joy E Tomlinson
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robert A Lopez-Astacio
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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13
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Metagenomic characterisation of additional and novel avian viruses from Australian wild ducks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22284. [PMID: 33335272 PMCID: PMC7747739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Birds, notably wild ducks, are reservoirs of pathogenic and zoonotic viruses such as influenza viruses and coronaviruses. In the current study, we used metagenomics to detect and characterise avian DNA and RNA viruses from wild Pacific black ducks, Chestnut teals and Grey teals collected at different time points from a single location. We characterised a likely new species of duck aviadenovirus and a novel duck gyrovirus. We also report what, to the best of our knowledge, is the first finding of an avian orthoreovirus from Pacific black ducks and a rotavirus F from Chestnut teals. Other viruses characterised from the samples from these wild ducks belong to the virus families Astroviridae, Caliciviridae and Coronaviridae. Some of the viruses may have potential cross-species transmissibility, while others indicated a wide genetic diversity of duck viruses within a genus. The study also showed evidence of potential transmission of viruses along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway; potentially facilitated by migrating shorebirds. The detection and characterisation of several avian viruses not previously described, and causing asymptomatic but potentially also symptomatic infections suggest the need for more virus surveillance studies for pathogenic and potential zoonotic viruses in wildlife reservoirs.
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14
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de Oliveira LB, Stanton JB, Zhang J, Brown C, Butt SL, Dimitrov K, Afonso CL, Volkening JD, Lara LJC, de Oliveira CSF, Ecco R. Runting and Stunting Syndrome in Broiler Chickens: Histopathology and Association With a Novel Picornavirus. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:123-135. [PMID: 33280540 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820969971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Runting stunting syndrome (RSS) in commercial chickens has been reported worldwide, and although several studies have attempted to clarify the cause and describe the lesions, there are gaps in knowledge of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and etiology. The study objective was to use commercial chicks naturally affected by RSS to describe the histologic changes of RSS in all segments of the small intestine in chicks of different ages and to identify viral gene sequences in affected chicks and their association with histologic lesions. Chicks lacking clinical signs but from the same houses and from unaffected houses were used as controls. The average weight of affected chicks was significantly lower than expected for their flocks. Macroscopically, the small intestines had paler serosa, with watery, mucoid, or foamy contents and poorly digested food. Histologic lesions were characterized by necrotic crypts, crypt dilation, and flattening of the crypt epithelium. Histomorphometry of the intestines revealed villous atrophy especially in the jejunum and ileum. Histologic changes in other organs were not observed. Random next-generation sequencing of total RNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues detected avian nephritis virus, avian rotavirus, and picornavirus in jejunal segments from 7-day-old chicks. No viruses were detected in the jejunum of 1-day-old chicks. Detection of picornaviral reads was significantly associated (P < .05) with histologic lesions of RSS. Sequence analysis of the picornavirus revealed genetic similarity with the genus Gallivirus. Using in situ hybridization for galliviral nucleic acid sequences, the signal was associated with crypt lesion severity, although signal was detected both in chicks with and without RSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Zhang
- 1355University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Kiril Dimitrov
- 57776Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, USA.,117328Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- 57776Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Roselene Ecco
- 28114Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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15
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Occurrence and Role of Selected RNA-Viruses as Potential Causative Agents of Watery Droppings in Pigeons. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121025. [PMID: 33291258 PMCID: PMC7762127 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diseases with watery droppings (diarrhea and/or polyuria) can be considered some of the most severe health problems in domestic pigeons of various ages. Although they do not always lead to bird death, they can contribute to poor weight gains and hindered development of young pigeons and, potentially, to poor racing results in sports birds. The gastrointestinal tract disorders of pigeons may be of various etiology, but some of the causative agents are viral infections. This review article provides information collected from scientific reports on RNA-viruses belonging to the Astroviridae, Picornaviridae, and Coronaviridae families; the Avulavirinae subfamily; and the Rotavirus genus that might be implicated in such health problems. It presents a brief characterization, and possible interspecies transmission of these viruses. We believe that this review article will help clinical signs of infection, isolation methods, occurrence in pigeons and poultry, systemize and summarize knowledge on pigeon enteropathogenic viruses and raise awareness of the importance of disease control in pigeons.
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16
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N. Nuñez LF, Santander-Parra SH, De la Torre DI, de Sá LRM, Buim MR, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Molecular Characterization and Pathogenicity of Chicken Parvovirus (ChPV) in Specific Pathogen-Free Chicks Infected Experimentally. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080606. [PMID: 32722416 PMCID: PMC7459526 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken parvovirus (ChPV) is an agent frequently associated with runting stunting syndrome (RSS). This syndrome has been reported in association with ChPV in many countries, including Brazil; however, studies characterizing the virus on a molecular level are scarce, and ChPV pathogenicity in day-old chicks remains unclear. The aim of the present work was to establish the molecular characteristics of ChPV, determine the pathogenicity of ChPV in SPF chicks and detect and quantify ChPV by qPCR in several tissues and chicks of different ages. The experimental challenge was performed at one day of age, and daily and weekly observations were performed and five birds from each experimental group (mock and infected birds) were euthanized to perform the different analysis. ChPV genome copies were detected and quantified by qPCR in gut, spleen, thymus, kidney, pancreas, proventriculus and bursa. Clinically, the infected group presented with diarrhea 24 h post-infection, which persisted until 42 days of age. The small intestine was distended, and its contents were aqueous and foamy. Enteritis and dilated crypts with cyst shapes were observed in intestinal segments. Acute pancreatitis associated with lymphocytic nodules, infiltrating lymphocytes and plasma cells between the pancreatic acinus was observed. Koch’s postulate was demonstrated and the genetic characterization of the VP1 gene showed that the Brazilian ChPV isolate belongs to the ChPV II group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fabian N. Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo CEP 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.F.N.N.); (S.H.S.-P.); (D.I.D.l.T.); (L.R.M.d.S.); (C.S.A.-F.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Av. Jose Queri, Quito 170513, Ecuador
| | - Silvana H. Santander-Parra
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo CEP 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.F.N.N.); (S.H.S.-P.); (D.I.D.l.T.); (L.R.M.d.S.); (C.S.A.-F.)
| | - David I. De la Torre
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo CEP 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.F.N.N.); (S.H.S.-P.); (D.I.D.l.T.); (L.R.M.d.S.); (C.S.A.-F.)
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Central University of Ecuador, Quito CP E170201, Ecuador
| | - Lilian R. M. de Sá
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo CEP 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.F.N.N.); (S.H.S.-P.); (D.I.D.l.T.); (L.R.M.d.S.); (C.S.A.-F.)
| | - Marcos R. Buim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Instituto Biológico, Av. Gaspar Ricardo, 1700, Bastos CEP 17690-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Claudete S. Astolfi-Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo CEP 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.F.N.N.); (S.H.S.-P.); (D.I.D.l.T.); (L.R.M.d.S.); (C.S.A.-F.)
| | - Antonio J. Piantino Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo CEP 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.F.N.N.); (S.H.S.-P.); (D.I.D.l.T.); (L.R.M.d.S.); (C.S.A.-F.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Kim HR, Kwon YK, Jang I, Bae YC. Viral metagenomic analysis of chickens with runting-stunting syndrome in the Republic of Korea. Virol J 2020; 17:53. [PMID: 32293477 PMCID: PMC7157833 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) in chickens, also known as malabsorption syndrome, which is characterized by mild to severe enteritis and diagnosed through typical histopathologic examination as well as clinical signs, results in considerable economic losses. Despite the many studies carried out over decades to determine the etiologic agents of RSS involved in the disease, several outbreaks remained without the elucidation of, potentially multiple, etiologies involved. Methods We performed comparative analysis of viral metagenomes from four chicken flocks affected with RSS using next-generation sequencing. Primers for the detection of chicken enteric viruses were designed from the sequencing data obtained with metagenomics. Multiplex reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR were performed to detect a variety of etiological agents previously described in natural cases of RSS. Results The most abundant viral families identified in this study were Astroviridae, Picornaviridae, Parvoviridae, Caliciviridae, Reoviridae and Picobirnaviridae. Chicken astrovirus sequences were present in all four samples, suggesting an association between chicken astrovirus and RSS and chicken astrovirus as a candidate pathogen responsible for RSS. Picobirnavirus and the newly identified chapparvovirus were found in chickens in the Republic of Korea for the first time, and the genetic diversity of enteric viruses and viral communities was showed. Conclusions Chicken astrovirus was consistently detected in broilers affected with RSS and the result of this study may contribute to knowledge of enteric diseases and viruses in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ryoung Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Kuk Kwon
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Chan Bae
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
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18
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Kaboudi K. Virus-induced immunosuppression in turkeys ( Meleagris gallopavo): A review. Open Vet J 2019; 9:349-360. [PMID: 32042658 PMCID: PMC6971353 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v9i4.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression is characterized by a dysfunction of humoral and/or cellular immune response leading to increase of susceptibility to secondary infections, increase of mortality and morbidity, poor productivity, and welfare and vaccination failures. Humoral immune response depression is due to perturbation of soluble factors, as complement and chemokines in innate immunity and antibodies or cytokines in adaptive immunity. At the cellular immune response, immunosuppression is the consequence of the dysfunction of T-cells, B-cells, heterophils, monocytes, macrophages, and natural Killer cells. Immunosuppression in turkeys can be caused by numerous, non-infectious, and infectious agents, having variable pathological and molecular mechanisms. Interactions between them are very complex. This paper reviews the common viruses inducing clinical and sub-clinical immunosuppression in turkeys, and enteric and neoplastic viruses in particular, as well as the interactions among them. The evaluation of immunosuppression is currently based on classical approach; however, new technique such as the microarray technology is being developed to investigate immunological mediator’s genes detection. Controlling of immunosuppression include, in general, biosecurity practices, maintaining appropriate breeding conditions and vaccination of breeders and their progeny. Nevertheless, few vaccines are available against immunosuppressive viruses in turkey’s industry. The development of new control strategies is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Kaboudi
- Department of Poultry Farming and Pathology, National Veterinary Medicine School, University of Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
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19
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Viral agents related to enteric disease in commercial chicken flocks, with special reference to Latin America. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933913000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Lima DA, Cibulski SP, Tochetto C, Varela APM, Finkler F, Teixeira TF, Loiko MR, Cerva C, Junqueira DM, Mayer FQ, Roehe PM. The intestinal virome of malabsorption syndrome-affected and unaffected broilers through shotgun metagenomics. Virus Res 2018; 261:9-20. [PMID: 30543873 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Malabsorption syndrome (MAS) is an economically important disease of young, commercially reared broilers, characterized by growth retardation, defective feather development and diarrheic faeces. Several viruses have been tentatively associated to such syndrome. Here, in order to examine potential associations between enteric viruses and MAS, the faecal viromes of 70 stool samples collected from diseased (n = 35) and healthy (n = 35) chickens from seven flocks were characterized and compared. Following high-throughput sequencing, a total of 8,347,319 paired end reads, with an average of 231 nt, were generated. Through analysis of de novo assembled contigs, 144 contigs > 1000 nt were identified with hits to eukaryotic viral sequences, as determined by GenBank database. A number of known and unknown representatives of Adenoviridae, Anelloviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Circoviridae, Parvoviridae, Picobirnaviridae, Picornaviridae and Reoviridae, as well as novel uncharacterized CRESS-DNA viruses, were identified. However, the distribution of sequence reads of viral genomes identified in diseased or healthy birds revealed no statistically significant differences. These findings indicate no association between the occurrence of MAS and enteric viruses. The viral genomes reported in the present study, including a variety of novel viruses, seem part of the normal intestinal microbiota of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane A Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Samuel P Cibulski
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Tochetto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula M Varela
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrine Finkler
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thais F Teixeira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Loiko
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristine Cerva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Dennis M Junqueira
- Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis - UniRitter, Health Science Department, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Q Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo M Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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21
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Torre DDL, Nuñez LFN, Puga B, Parra SHS, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Ferreira AJP. Molecular Diagnostic of Chicken Parvovirus (ChPV) Affecting Broiler Flocks in Ecuador. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D De la Torre
- University of São Paulo, Brazil; Central University of Ecuador, Ecuador
| | - LFN Nuñez
- University of São Paulo, Brazil; Central University of Ecuador, Ecuador
| | - B Puga
- Central University of Ecuador, Ecuador
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22
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Rubbenstroth D, Peus E, Schramm E, Kottmann D, Bartels H, McCowan C, Schulze C, Akimkin V, Fischer N, Wylezich C, Hlinak A, Spadinger A, Großmann E, Petersen H, Grundhoff A, Rautenschlein S, Teske L. Identification of a novel clade of group A rotaviruses in fatally diseased domestic pigeons in Europe. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:552-561. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Virology Medical Center – University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology Friedrich‐Loeffler‐Institut Greifswald – Insel Riems Germany
| | - Elisabeth Peus
- Clinic for Pigeons of the German Pigeon‐Breeders Association Essen Germany
| | - Eva Schramm
- Institute of Virology Medical Center – University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Kottmann
- Institute of Virology Medical Center – University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Hilke Bartels
- Clinic for Poultry University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Christina McCowan
- Agriculture Victoria, Veterinary Diagnostics Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | | | - Valerij Akimkin
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigations Office Stuttgart Fellbach Germany
| | - Nicole Fischer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- German Center for Research on Infection (DZIF) Partner Site Hamburg‐Borstel‐Lübeck‐Riems Hamburg Germany
| | - Claudia Wylezich
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology Friedrich‐Loeffler‐Institut Greifswald – Insel Riems Germany
| | - Andreas Hlinak
- Berlin‐Brandenburg State Laboratory Frankfurt (Oder) Germany
| | - Anja Spadinger
- Aulendorf state veterinary diagnostic centre Aulendorf Germany
| | - Ernst Großmann
- Aulendorf state veterinary diagnostic centre Aulendorf Germany
| | - Henning Petersen
- Clinic for Poultry University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Hannover Germany
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigations Office Ostwestfalen‐Lippe DetmoldGermany
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- German Center for Research on Infection (DZIF) Partner Site Hamburg‐Borstel‐Lübeck‐Riems Hamburg Germany
- Heinrich‐Pette Institute Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology Hamburg Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Lydia Teske
- Clinic for Poultry University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Hannover Germany
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23
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Nuñez LFN, Parra SHS, De la Torre D, Catroxo MH, Buim MR, Chacon RV, Ferreira CSA, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Isolation of avian nephritis virus from chickens showing enteric disorders. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3478-3488. [PMID: 30239960 PMCID: PMC6142861 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) is one of the diseases associated with many detected viruses. In Brazil, there were reports of several enteric disease outbreaks in chickens in which avian nephritis virus (ANV) was detected; however, the role of ANV in the outbreaks and whether the virus was a causative agent of these cases of enteric diseases were not determined. The aim of this study was to isolate ANV in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryonated eggs (CEE) from the enteric contents of chickens showing signs of RSS. For this purpose, 22 samples of chicken enteric contents that were positive only for ANV were inoculated into 7 and 14-day-old SPF-CEE via the yolk sac route and incubated for 5 d, with a total of 3 passages. Virus isolation was confirmed by the presence of embryo injuries, detection of viral RNA by RT-PCR, and visualization of viral particles using electron microscopy. Therefore, the 7-day-old inoculated embryos showed dwarfism, gelatinous consistency, hemorrhage, and edema in the embryos, whereas the 14-day-old did not show any alteration. Viral RNA was detected in the embryos of both ages of inoculation, and the same viral particles were visualized. The embryos from the mock group showed no alteration and were negative for all the tests. The viral cDNA was sequenced, and the molecular and phylogenetic analyses showed that the Brazilian isolates are more related with the ANV-1 serotype group; the sequences of these isolates showed a high percentage of nucleotide (86.4 to 94.9%) and amino acid (92.3 to 98.7%) similarity with other sequences from China, Japan, Australia, and the United States that belong to this serotype previously classified group. In this study, we isolated 8 samples of ANV in SPF-CEE from enteric content samples from chickens with RSS. In doing so, we showed the pathological injuries to the embryo caused by the virus and the molecular characterization of a part of the ORF 1b gene of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fabian N Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Central University of Ecuador, Quito EC170521, Ecuador
| | - Silvana H Santander Parra
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - David De la Torre
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Central University of Ecuador, Quito EC170521, Ecuador
| | - Marcia H Catroxo
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Center for Research and Development of Animal Health, Instituto Biológico, Av. Cons. Rodrigues Alves, 1252, 04014-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos R Buim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Instituto Biológico, Av. Gaspar Ricardo, 1700, CEP 17690-000, Bastos, SP, Brazil, and
| | - Ruy V Chacon
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudete S Astolfi Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Piantino Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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24
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Nuñez LF, Santander-Parra SH, Chaible L, De la Torre DI, Buim MR, Murakami A, Zaidan Dagli ML, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Development of a Sensitive Real-Time Fast-qPCR Based on SYBR ® Green for Detection and Quantification of Chicken Parvovirus (ChPV). Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5030069. [PMID: 30044371 PMCID: PMC6163237 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viruses have been associated with runting and stunting syndrome (RSS). These viral infections mainly affect young chickens, causing apathy, depression, ruffled feathers, cloacal pasting, and diarrhea. Chicken Parvovirus (ChPV) is such an infection and has been detected in chickens showing signs of enteric diseases worldwide. Therefore, the present study aims to develop a sensitive real-time fast-qPCR assay based on SYBR® Green for detection and quantification of ChPV. A 561-bp non-structural (NS) gene was amplified and cloned, and a pair of primers was designed based on conserved nucleotide sequences on the NS gene of ChPV, the intercalating DNA reagent SYBR® Green was employed, and the Fast mode of a thermocycler was used. The assay detects 109 to 101 copies of the genome (CG). The limit of detection (LoD) was estimated to five CG, and the limit of quantification (LoQ) was estimated at ten CG. The standard curve efficiency was 101.94%, and the melting curve showed a unique clean peak and a melting temperature of 79.3 °C. The assay was specific to amplify the ChPV NS gene, and no amplification was shown from other viral genomes or in the negative controls. A total of 141 samples were tested using the assay, of which 139 samples were found positive. The highest CG value of ChPV was 5.7 × 106 CG/uL of DNA without apparent clinical signs of enteric disturbance, and 4.6 × 106 CG/uL DNA were detected in chickens with RSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Central University of Ecuador, Jeronimo Leiton s/n, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Silvana H Santander-Parra
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Chaible
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - David I De la Torre
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Central University of Ecuador, Jeronimo Leiton s/n, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Marcos R Buim
- Biological Institute, Av. Gaspar Ricardo, 1700, CEP 17690-000 Bastos, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Murakami
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Claudete S Astolfi-Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Antonio J Piantino Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil.
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25
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Identification and In Silico Characterization of a Genetically Distinct Avian Rotavirus D Capsid Gene, VP7. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7020037. [PMID: 29617342 PMCID: PMC6027270 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus D (RV-D) is gaining importance as a cause of gastroenteritis and runting and stunting syndrome (RSS) in poultry. To date, information is scarce on the molecular analysis of RV-D isolates worldwide. In this study, the VP7 gene, a major constituent of outer capsid structural protein, from a RV-D isolate (UKD48) obtained from Uttarakhand state was analyzed. Phylogenetically, the RV-D isolate was found to be closely related to a South Korean strain, and the nucleotide percent identity varied from 80.4–84.2% with other RV-D strains available globally. Furthermore, domain investigation within 21 aligned amino acid sequences of the VP7 gene affirmed that this gene has several domains: a conserved glycosylation site (N–I–T) having an important role in protein folding; a N-terminal signal peptide (“ITG”) for endoplasmic reticulum retention; and two hydrophobic sites for elucidating transmembrane portions, antigenic structures, and so forth. The findings suggest that the VP7 gene of the Indian RV-D isolate is genetically distinct from those of other avian RV-Ds. Although biological evidence is still needed to prove the functional characteristics of these domains in outer capsid structural proteins, the present study adds new knowledge and derives the need for further investigation.
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26
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Enteric Virus Diversity Examined by Molecular Methods in Brazilian Poultry Flocks. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5020038. [PMID: 29596389 PMCID: PMC6024555 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric viruses play an important role in the Brazilian poultry industry due to the economic impact of resulting low yields of broilers, layers, and breeders. The most common enteric viruses affecting commercial flocks in Brazil include Fowl Adenovirus of group I (FAdV-I), Chicken Parvovirus (ChPV), Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV), Avian Nephritis Virus (ANV), Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), Avian Reovirus (AReo), and Avian Rotavirus (ARtV). The aim of this study was to identify single and multiple infections using data obtained from 270 samples from eleven Brazilian states, corresponding to the period between 2010 and 2017. This was accompanied by an analysis of the relationship between the age of birds, clinical signs, and geographical distribution, using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) techniques. Twenty-five profiles of virus combinations were detected. Single infections were encountered in 86.3% of samples, and multiple infections were present in the remaining 13.7%. Both single and multiple infections affected all kinds of commercial chickens with digestive problems, stunting syndrome, decreases in egg and meat production, increased mortality, and respiratory signs. FAdV-I, ChPV, CAstV, ANV, and ARtV were mostly detected in young broilers, in contrast with IBV, which was detected in hens from one to greater than 51 weeks of age. These results exhibit the complexity of enteric diseases and the still poorly understood role of each pathogen as a unique etiological agent.
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27
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Kang KI, Linnemann E, Icard AH, Durairaj V, Mundt E, Sellers HS. Chicken astrovirus as an aetiological agent of runting-stunting syndrome in broiler chickens. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:512-524. [PMID: 29458661 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite descriptions of runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) in broiler chickens dating back over 40 years, the aetiology has not yet been described. A novel chicken astrovirus (CkAstV) was isolated in an LMH liver cell line from the intestines of chickens affected with RSS. Clinical RSS is characterized by retarded growth and cystic crypt lesions in the small intestine. In 1-day-old broiler chickens infected with the CkAstV isolate, virus was only detected in the intestinal epithelial cells during the first few days after infection. Notably, the preferred host cells are the crypt epithelial cells following initial replication in the villous epithelial cells, thus implying viral preference for immature intestinal cells. Nevertheless, the CkAstV isolate did not induce remarkable pathological changes, despite the presence of the virus in situ. Serial chicken-to-chicken passages of the virus induced increased virulence, as displayed by decreased weight gain and the presence of cystic lesions in the small intestine reproducing clinical RSS in chickens. The analysis of the full-length genome sequences from the isolated CkAstV and the CkAstV from the bird-to-bird passages showed >99 % similarity. The data obtained in this study suggest that the CkAstV isolate is capable of inducing RSS following serial bird-to-bird passages in broilers and is as an aetiological agent of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Il Kang
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Present address: National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Erich Linnemann
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Alan H Icard
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Vijay Durairaj
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Present address: Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Egbert Mundt
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Present address: Boehringer Ingelheim, Veterinary Research Center, GmbH Co. KG, Bemeroder Straße 31, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Holly S Sellers
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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28
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Chen F, Knutson TP, Porter RE, Ciarlet M, Mor SK, Marthaler DG. Genome characterization of Turkey Rotavirus G strains from the United States identifies potential recombination events with human Rotavirus B strains. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2931-2936. [PMID: 29168675 PMCID: PMC5845698 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus G (RVG) strains have been detected in a variety of avian species, but RVG genomes have been published from only a single pigeon and two chicken strains. Two turkey RVG strains were identified and characterized, one in a hatchery with no reported health issues and the other in a hatchery with high embryo/poult mortality. The two turkey RVG strains shared only an 85.3 % nucleotide sequence identity in the VP7 gene while the other genes possessed high nucleotide identity among them (96.3–99.9 %). Low nucleotide percentage identities (31.6–87.3 %) occurred among the pigeon and chicken RVG strains. Interestingly, potential recombination events were detected between our RVG strains and a human RVB strain, in the VP6 and NSP3 segments. The epidemiology of RVG in avian flocks and the pathogenicity of the two different RVG strains should be further investigated to understand the ecology and impact of RVG in commercial poultry flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Chen
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Todd P Knutson
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Robert E Porter
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Max Ciarlet
- Vaccines Clinical Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar Mor
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Douglas G Marthaler
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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29
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Deol P, Kattoor JJ, Sircar S, Ghosh S, Bányai K, Dhama K, Malik YS. Avian Group D Rotaviruses: Structure, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Perspectives on Future Research Challenges. Pathogens 2017; 6:E53. [PMID: 29064408 PMCID: PMC5750577 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1981, a new virus (virus 132) was described for the first time with morphological and biochemical similarities to rotaviruses (RVs), but without antigenic similarity to any of the previously known rotavirus groups. Subsequently, it was re-designated as D/132, and formed a new serogroup among rotaviruses, the group D rotavirus (RVD). Since their identification, RVs are the leading cause of enteritis and diarrhea in humans and various animal species, and are also associated with abridged growth, particularly in avian species. Recently, RVD has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of runting and stunting syndrome (RSS), alongside other viruses such as reovirus, astrovirus, coronavirus, and others, all of which cause colossal economic losses to the poultry industry. RVD has been reported from several countries worldwide, and to date, only one complete genome sequence for RVD is available. Neither an immunodiagnostic nor a vaccine is available for the detection and prevention of RVD infection. Despite our growing understanding about this particular group, questions remain regarding its exact prevalence and pathogenecity, and the disease-associated annual losses for the poultry industry. Here, we describe the current knowledge about the identification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention of RVD in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Deol
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
| | - Jobin Jose Kattoor
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
| | - Shubhankar Sircar
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungáriakrt. 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
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30
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Hauck R, Gallardo RA, Woolcock PR, Shivaprasad HL. A Coronavirus Associated with Runting Stunting Syndrome in Broiler Chickens. Avian Dis 2017; 60:528-34. [PMID: 27309300 DOI: 10.1637/11353-122215-case] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Runting stunting syndrome (RSS) is a disease condition that affects broilers and causes impaired growth and poor feed conversion because of enteritis characterized by pale and distended small intestines with watery contents. The etiology of the disease is multifactorial, and a large variety of viral agents have been implicated. Here we describe the detection and isolation of an infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) -like coronavirus from the intestines of a flock of 60,000 14-day-old brown/red broiler chicks. The birds showed typical clinical signs of RSS including stunting and uneven growth. At necropsy, the small intestines were pale and distended with watery contents. Histopathology of the intestines revealed increased cellularity of the lamina propria, blunting of villi, and cystic changes in the crypts. Negative stain electron microscopy of the intestinal contents revealed coronavirus particles. Transmission electron microscopy of the intestine confirmed coronavirus in the cytoplasm of enterocytes. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), IBV antigen was detected in the intestinal epithelial cells as well as in the proventriculus and pancreas. There were no lesions in the respiratory system, and no IBV antigen was detected in trachea, lung, air sac, conjunctiva, and cecal tonsils. A coronavirus was isolated from the intestine of chicken embryos but not from the allantoic sac inoculated with the intestinal contents of the broiler chicks. Sequencing of the S1 gene showed nucleic acid sequence identities of 93.8% to the corresponding region of IBV California 99 and of 85.7% to IBV Arkansas. Nucleic acid sequence identities to other IBV genotypes were lower. The histopathologic lesions in the intestines were reproduced after experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free chickens inoculated in the conjunctiva and nares. Five days after infection, six of nine investigated birds showed enteritis associated with IBV antigen as detected by IHC. In contrast to the field infection, birds in the experimental group showed clear respiratory signs and lesions in the upper respiratory tract. The results suggest a broader tissue tropism of this isolate, which might be related to the mutations in the S1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hauck
- A Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Rodrigo A Gallardo
- A Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Peter R Woolcock
- B University of California, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, 620 West Health Science Dr., Davis, CA 95616
| | - H L Shivaprasad
- C University of California, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, 18830 Rd. 112, Tulare, CA 93274
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31
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Pauly M, Oni OO, Sausy A, Owoade AA, Adeyefa CAO, Muller CP, Hübschen JM, Snoeck CJ. Molecular epidemiology of Avian Rotaviruses Group A and D shed by different bird species in Nigeria. Virol J 2017; 14:111. [PMID: 28606119 PMCID: PMC5469043 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian rotaviruses (RVs) cause gastrointestinal diseases of birds worldwide. However, prevalence, diversity, epidemiology and phylogeny of RVs remain largely under-investigated in Africa. Methods Fecal samples from 349 birds (158 symptomatic, 107 asymptomatic and 84 birds without recorded health status) were screened by reverse transcription PCR to detect RV groups A and D (RVA and RVD). Partial gene sequences of VP4, VP6, VP7 and NSP4 for RVA, and of VP6 and VP7 for RVD were obtained and analyzed to infer phylogenetic relationship. Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression were applied to identify factors potentially influencing virus shedding in chickens. Results A high prevalence of RVA (36.1%; 126/349) and RVD (31.8%; 111/349) shedding was revealed in birds. In chickens, RV shedding was age-dependent and highest RVD shedding rates were found in commercial farms. No negative health effect could be shown, and RVA and RVD shedding was significantly more likely in asymptomatic chickens: RVA/RVD were detected in 51.9/48.1% of the asymptomatic chickens, compared to 18.9/29.7% of the symptomatic chickens (p < 0.001/p = 0.01). First RVA sequences were obtained from mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and guinea fowls (Numida meleagris). Phylogenetic analyses illustrated the high genetic diversity of RVA and RVD in Nigerian birds and suggested cross-species transmission of RVA, especially at live bird markets. Indeed, RVA strains highly similar to a recently published fox rotavirus (RVA/Fox-tc/ITA/288356/2011/G18P[17]) and distantly related to other avian RVs were detected in different bird species, including pigeons, ducks, guinea fowls, quails and chickens. Conclusion This study provides new insights into epidemiology, diversity and classification of avian RVA and RVD in Nigeria. We show that cross-species transmission of host permissive RV strains occurs when different bird species are mixed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0778-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Pauly
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Oluwole O Oni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Aurélie Sausy
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ademola A Owoade
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Claude P Muller
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Judith M Hübschen
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Chantal J Snoeck
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Lima DA, Cibulski SP, Finkler F, Teixeira TF, Varela APM, Cerva C, Loiko MR, Scheffer CM, Dos Santos HF, Mayer FQ, Roehe PM. Faecal virome of healthy chickens reveals a large diversity of the eukaryote viral community, including novel circular ssDNA viruses. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:690-703. [PMID: 28100302 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is focused on the identification of the faecal virome of healthy chickens raised in high-density, export-driven poultry farms in Brazil. Following high-throughput sequencing, a total of 7743 de novo-assembled contigs were constructed and compared with known nucleotide/amino acid sequences from the GenBank database. Analyses with blastx revealed that 279 contigs (4 %) were related to sequences of eukaryotic viruses. Viral genome sequences (total or partial) indicative of members of recognized viral families, including Adenoviridae, Caliciviridae, Circoviridae, Parvoviridae, Picobirnaviridae, Picornaviridae and Reoviridae, were identified, some of those representing novel genotypes. In addition, a range of circular replication-associated protein encoding DNA viruses were also identified. The characterization of the faecal virome of healthy chickens described here not only provides a description of the viruses encountered in such niche but should also represent a baseline for future studies comparing viral populations in healthy and diseased chicken flocks. Moreover, it may also be relevant for human health, since chickens represent a significant proportion of the animal protein consumed worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane A Lima
- FEPAGRO Saúde Animal - Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Samuel P Cibulski
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabrine Finkler
- FEPAGRO Saúde Animal - Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thais F Teixeira
- FEPAGRO Saúde Animal - Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula M Varela
- FEPAGRO Saúde Animal - Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristine Cerva
- FEPAGRO Saúde Animal - Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Loiko
- FEPAGRO Saúde Animal - Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila M Scheffer
- FEPAGRO Saúde Animal - Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Helton F Dos Santos
- FEPAGRO Saúde Animal - Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Q Mayer
- FEPAGRO Saúde Animal - Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo M Roehe
- FEPAGRO Saúde Animal - Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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33
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Domańska-Blicharz K, Bocian Ł, Lisowska A, Jacukowicz A, Pikuła A, Minta Z. Cross-sectional survey of selected enteric viruses in Polish turkey flocks between 2008 and 2011. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:108. [PMID: 28410608 PMCID: PMC5391614 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteric diseases are an important health problem for the intensive poultry industry, resulting in considerable economic losses. Apart from such microbiological agents associated with enteritis as bacteria and parasites, a lot of research has been recently conducted on viral origin of enteric diseases. However, enteric viruses have been identified in intestinal tract of not only diseased but also healthy poultry, so their role in enteritis is still unclear. The present study aimed at determination of the prevalence of four enteric viruses, namely astrovirus, coronavirus, parvovirus and rotavirus in meat-type turkey flocks in Poland as well as at statistical evaluation of the occurrence of the studied viruses and their relationships with the health status and the age of birds. Two hundred and seven flocks of birds aged 1-20 weeks originating from different regions of the country were investigated between 2008 and 2011. Clinical samples (10 individual faecal swabs/flock) were duly processed and examined using molecular methods targeting the conservative regions of viral genomes: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene of astrovirus, non-structural 1 gene of parvovirus, non-structural protein 4 gene of rotavirus, and 5′ untranslated region fragment of turkey coronavirus. Different statistical methods (i.e. the independence chi-square test, the correspondence analysis and the logistic regression model) were used to establish any relationships between the analyzed data. Results Overall, 137 (66.2%, 95% CI: 59.3-72.6) of the 207 turkey flocks sampled were infected with one or more enteric viruses. Among the 137 flocks, 74 (54%, 95% CI: 45.3-62.6) were positive for one virus, whereas 54 (39.4%, 9 5% CI: 31.2-48.1) and 9 (6.6%, 95% CI: 3.1-12.1) were co-infected with two or three different enteric viruses, respectively. No flock was simultaneously infected with all four viruses studied. The prevalence of astrovirus infection was 44.9% (95% CI: 38.0-52.0), parvovirus 27.5% (95% CI: 21.6-34.2), rotavirus 18.8% (95% CI: 13.8-24.8), and coronavirus 9.7% (95% CI: 6.0-14.5). Young turkeys aged 1-4 weeks old had the highest (82.1%, 95% CI:71.7-89.8) prevalence of viral infection. Applied statistical methods have indicated the dependence of rotavirus infection as well as the co-infection with multiple viruses and the health status of turkeys. Furthermore, our results statistically confirm that especially young birds are susceptible to infection with rotavirus and astrovirus. Conclusions The study demonstrated the presence of astrovirus, coronavirus, parvovirus and rotavirus infections in Polish turkey farms. These viruses were detected in both healthy and diseased birds. However, the presented results provide valuable feedback which could help to evaluate the role of some enteric viruses in the etiology of enteritis in turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Domańska-Blicharz
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland.
| | - Ł Bocian
- Department of Epidemiology and Risk Assessment, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - A Lisowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - A Jacukowicz
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - A Pikuła
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Z Minta
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
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34
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Naseer O, Jarvis MC, Ciarlet M, Marthaler DG. Genotypic and epitope characteristics of group A porcine rotavirus strains circulating in Canada. Virology 2017; 507:53-63. [PMID: 28399437 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Surveillance of Rotavirus A (RVA) infections in North America swine populations are limited and not performed over a significant time period to properly assess the diversity of RVA strains in swine. The VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) genes of 32 Canadian RVA strains, circulating between 2009 and 2015 were sequenced, identifying the G3P[13], G5P[7], G9P[7], G9[13], and G9[19] genotype combinations. The Canadian RVA strains were compared to the RVA strains present in the swine ProSystems RCE rotavirus vaccine. The comparison revealed multiple amino acid differences in the G and P antigenic epitopes, regardless of the G and P genotypes but specifically in the Canadian G3, P[13] and P[19] genotypes. Our study further contributes to the characterization of RVA's evolution and disease mitigation among swine, which may optimize target vaccine design, thereby minimizing RVA disease in this economically important animal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Naseer
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Matthew C Jarvis
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Max Ciarlet
- Vaccines Clinical Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Douglas G Marthaler
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.
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35
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Vlasova AN, Amimo JO, Saif LJ. Porcine Rotaviruses: Epidemiology, Immune Responses and Control Strategies. Viruses 2017; 9:v9030048. [PMID: 28335454 PMCID: PMC5371803 DOI: 10.3390/v9030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) are a major cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in young animals and children worldwide. Immunocompetent adults of different species become resistant to clinical disease due to post-infection immunity, immune system maturation and gut physiological changes. Of the 9 RV genogroups (A–I), RV A, B, and C (RVA, RVB, and RVC, respectively) are associated with diarrhea in piglets. Although discovered decades ago, porcine genogroup E RVs (RVE) are uncommon and their pathogenesis is not studied well. The presence of porcine RV H (RVH), a newly defined distinct genogroup, was recently confirmed in diarrheic pigs in Japan, Brazil, and the US. The complex epidemiology, pathogenicity and high genetic diversity of porcine RVAs are widely recognized and well-studied. More recent data show a significant genetic diversity based on the VP7 gene analysis of RVB and C strains in pigs. In this review, we will summarize previous and recent research to provide insights on historic and current prevalence and genetic diversity of porcine RVs in different geographic regions and production systems. We will also provide a brief overview of immune responses to porcine RVs, available control strategies and zoonotic potential of different RV genotypes. An improved understanding of the above parameters may lead to the development of more optimal strategies to manage RV diarrheal disease in swine and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
| | - Joshua O Amimo
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 30197, Kenya.
- Bioscience of Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi 30709, Kenya.
| | - Linda J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
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36
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Falcone E, Busi C, Lavazza A, Monini M, Bertoletti M, Canelli E, Vignolo E, Ruggeri FM, Boniotti MB. Molecular characterization of avian rotaviruses circulating in Italian poultry flocks. Avian Pathol 2016; 44:509-15. [PMID: 26399154 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1096011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Avian rotaviruses are still largely undefined despite being widespread in several avian species and despite the economic impact of rotavirus (RV) enteritis in poultry flocks. In this study, the presence of different avian RV groups was investigated in commercial poultry flocks reared in Northern and Central Italy and with a history of enteric diseases. Faeces or intestinal contents from different avian species previously found to contain RV particles by electron microscopy (EM) were analysed by both RNA-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction specific for groups A, D, F and G RVs. Group D avian RV was detected in 107 of 117 samples tested (91.5%), whereas groups A, F and G avian RVs were present in 70 (59%), 61 (52.1%) and 31 (26.5%) samples, respectively. Multiple presence of different RV groups was detected in 83% of samples. This study provides novel data on the prevalence of genetically different avian RVs in Italian poultry flocks. This information is useful to elucidate the epidemiology of avian RVs circulating in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliana Falcone
- a Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma , Italy
| | - Chiara Busi
- b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna , Via Antonio Bianchi, 7/9, 25124 Brescia , Italy
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna , Via Antonio Bianchi, 7/9, 25124 Brescia , Italy
| | - Marina Monini
- a Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma , Italy
| | - Marco Bertoletti
- b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna , Via Antonio Bianchi, 7/9, 25124 Brescia , Italy
| | - Elena Canelli
- b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna , Via Antonio Bianchi, 7/9, 25124 Brescia , Italy
| | - Edoardo Vignolo
- a Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma , Italy
| | - Franco Maria Ruggeri
- a Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma , Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna , Via Antonio Bianchi, 7/9, 25124 Brescia , Italy
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37
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Ter Veen C, de Bruijn ND, Dijkman R, de Wit JJ. Prevalence of histopathological intestinal lesions and enteric pathogens in Dutch commercial broilers with time. Avian Pathol 2016; 46:95-105. [PMID: 27557362 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1223271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal disease has a major impact on the broiler industry due to economic and welfare reasons. Intestinal disease might occur due to a large number of reasons varying from well-defined pathogens to non-specific enteritis and complex syndromes. However, knowledge about the nature of intestinal disease and presence of enteric viruses in the Dutch broiler industry is largely absent. Therefore, a large-scale field study, in which 98 broiler flocks from 86 farms were sampled weekly, was started to assess the prevalence of histopathological lesions in the jejunum, a number of enterotropic viruses by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) and coccidia by lesion scoring. Histopathological lesions indicative of intestinal disease were found in all flocks examined. The pathogens investigated were chicken astrovirus (99% of flocks positive), avian nephritis virus 3 (100%), rotavirus A (95%), rotavirus D (52%), reovirus (100%), Eimeria acervulina (94%), E. maxima (49%) and E. tenella (40%). The enteric viruses were more prevalent in the first weeks of the growing period, while coccidiosis was more frequently found at 4 and 5 weeks of age. The abundant presence of the enteric viruses and enteric disorders stresses the need to elucidate the role of these viruses in intestinal disease. Furthermore, the high prevalence of coccidiosis despite the use of anticoccidials shows that the current coccidial management programmes might be insufficient in controlling this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ter Veen
- a GD Animal Health , Deventer , The Netherlands
| | | | - R Dijkman
- a GD Animal Health , Deventer , The Netherlands
| | - J J de Wit
- a GD Animal Health , Deventer , The Netherlands
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Devaney R, Trudgett J, Trudgett A, Meharg C, Smyth V. A metagenomic comparison of endemic viruses from broiler chickens with runting-stunting syndrome and from normal birds. Avian Pathol 2016; 45:616-629. [PMID: 27215546 PMCID: PMC7113909 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1193123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) in broiler chickens is an enteric disease that causes significant economic losses to poultry producers worldwide due to elevated feed conversion ratios, decreased body weight during growth, and excessive culling. Of specific interest are the viral agents associated with RSS which have been difficult to fully characterize to date. Past research into the aetiology of RSS has implicated a wide variety of RNA and DNA viruses however, to date, no individual virus has been identified as the main agent of RSS and the current opinion is that it may be caused by a community of viruses, collectively known as the virome. This paper attempts to characterize the viral pathogens associated with 2–3-week-old RSS-affected and unaffected broiler chickens using next-generation sequencing and comparative metagenomics. Analysis of the viromes identified a total of 20 DNA and RNA viral families, along with 2 unidentified categories, comprised of 31 distinct viral genera and 7 unclassified genera. The most abundant viral families identified in this study were the Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Picornaviridae, Parvoviridae, Coronaviridae, Siphoviridae, and Myoviridae. This study has identified historically significant viruses associated with the disease such as chicken astrovirus, avian nephritis virus, chicken parvovirus, and chicken calicivirus along with relatively novel viruses such as chicken megrivirus and sicinivirus 1 and will help expand the knowledge related to enteric disease in broiler chickens, provide insights into the viral constituents of a healthy avian gut, and identify a variety of enteric viruses and viral communities appropriate for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Devaney
- a School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | | | - Alan Trudgett
- a School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | - Caroline Meharg
- a School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast , Belfast , UK
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39
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Lobani AM, Gharaibeh SM, Al-Majali AM. Relationship between different enteric viral infections and the occurrence of diarrhea in broiler flocks in Jordan. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1257-61. [PMID: 27190109 PMCID: PMC7107110 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine if enteric viruses are the cause of diarrhea in broiler flocks in Jordan. Intestinal content samples were collected from 101 broiler flocks from several regions of Jordan to detect the presence of astrovirus, coronavirus, reovirus, and rotavirus, by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Forty-six of these flocks were clinically healthy with no enteric disease, and the other 55 flocks were clinically suffering from diarrhea. The samples were collected between 5 and 16 d of age. The results show that 79% of total 101 flocks tested were infected with one or more of the above enteric viruses. Coronavirus was the most common virus, detected in 56.4% of these flocks, with astrovirus in 29.7% of the flocks, and rotavirus (9.9%) and reovirus (5.6%) being the least common. None of these flocks were found to be infected with all four viruses, but one of the flocks was found to be infected with astrovirus, coronavirus, and rotavirus simultaneously. Individual infection was noted with astrovirus, coronavirus and rotavirus but not with reovirus, whereas all flocks infected with reovirus were also infected with coronavirus. There was no statistical evidence to link these viruses as the main cause of diarrhea in the flocks tested. This is the first study in Jordan to detect all of these viruses and to correlate their presence with diarrhea in chicken flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Lobani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - S M Gharaibeh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - A M Al-Majali
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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40
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Detection of the VP6 gene of group F and G rotaviruses in broiler chicken fecal samples from the Amazon region of Brazil. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2263-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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41
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Nuñez LFN, Santander Parra SH, Carranza C, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Buim MR, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Detection and molecular characterization of chicken astrovirus associated with chicks that have an unusual condition known as "white chicks" in Brazil. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1262-70. [PMID: 26976903 PMCID: PMC7107173 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) is one of many viruses related to enteric diseases in poultry that are associated with Runting-Stunting Syndrome (RSS), which affects young chickens. CAstV was also recently associated with an unusual condition in chicks called “white chicks.” Some hatcheries in certain states of Brazil have reported several incubation problems, mortality, and the presence of chicks with white plumages over the past several months. These chicks were termed locally as “white chicks.” The present work investigated 30 chicks with this unusual condition using a multidisciplinary approach. Postmortem examination of each chick showed enlarged livers and intestines that were full of liquid and gas (30/30). The pancreas, kidneys, and spleen were pale (30/30). The other organs did not show any macroscopic alterations. CAstV, chicken parvovirus (ChPV), avian nephritis virus (ANV), avian rotavirus (ARtV), avian reovirus (AReoV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and fowl adenovirus group I (FAdV-1) were tested in the intestines, pancreas, proventriculus, gizzard, liver, spleen, bursa, kidneys, thymus, lung, heart, brain, and yolk sac in each chick. All organs and yolk sacs were positive for CAstV in different titres and negative for the other tested viruses. The partial molecular characterization of the ORF 1b gene of CAstV using 28 sequences revealed a high similarity of the nucleotides and amino acids with sequences of CAstV from North America, Europe, and Asia, and our CAstV sequences clustered into a unique group that was separate from the other sequences. These results demonstrated that CAstV was associated with the white chick condition in Brazil. The virus was distributed in most organs, including the brain and yolk sac. These results suggest that the virus could be transmitted vertically. The molecular characterization also revealed that the CAstV associated with white chick condition was molecularly related to other CAstV sequences found worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F N Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S H Santander Parra
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C Carranza
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C S Astolfi-Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M R Buim
- Biological Institute, Av. Gaspar Ricardo, 1700, CEP 17690-000, Bastos, SP, Brazil
| | - A J Piantino Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Nuñez LFN, Sá LRM, Parra SHS, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Carranza C, Ferreira AJP. Molecular detection of chicken parvovirus in broilers with enteric disorders presenting curving of duodenal loop, pancreatic atrophy, and mesenteritis. Poult Sci 2016; 95:802-10. [PMID: 26908891 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric disorders are an important cause of economic losses in broiler chickens worldwide. Several agents have been associated with enteric problems, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. In this study, broiler chickens showing signs of enteric disorders were subjected to molecular diagnosis for several viral agents and also for pathological examination for elucidating this problem. Thus, the chickens were screened for avian nephritis virus (ANV), chicken astrovirus (CAstV), avian rotavirus (ArtV), avian reovirus (AReoV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), fowl adenovirus group I (FAdV-1), and chicken parvovirus (ChPV). Postmortem examinations revealed a curving of the duodenal loop (J-like appearance) and intestines filled with liquid and gaseous content. Histopathological analysis of the duodenal loop showed pancreatic atrophy, acute mesenteritis, and enteritis. PCR results showed that ChPV was the sole viral agent detected in samples with lesions such as the curved duodenal loop and pancreatic atrophy. Molecular characterization of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences revealed a high similarity with other strains of ChPV from Brazil, Canada, United States, Europe, and Asia. These findings suggest an association between ChPV and the development of enteritis, pancreatitis, and pancreatic atrophy, which may lead to curling of the duodenal loop. Together, these alterations may disrupt the normal functioning of the digestive system, diminishing digestion and the absorption of dietary nutrients and consequently leading to reduced weight gain, flock impairment, dwarfism, and an elevated feed conversion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F N Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L R M Sá
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S H S Parra
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C S Astolfi-Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Carranza
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A J P Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mundt E, Collett SR, Berghaus R, Pedroso AA, Lee MD, Maurer JJ. Can Bacteriotherapy Using Commercially Available Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Organic Acids Ameliorate the Symptoms Associated With Runting-Stunting Syndrome in Broiler Chickens? Avian Dis 2015; 59:201-6. [PMID: 26473669 DOI: 10.1637/122013-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) in poultry has been known for more than 40 years, but the precise etiology remains unknown and a licensed vaccine is consequently not currently available. In order to mitigate the symptoms associated with RSS, a series of experiments was performed to investigate whether a combined bacteriotherapeutic treatment consisting of probiotics, prebiotics, and organic acids could influence the outcome of this disease. Initially two groups of commercial broiler chickens were either left uninoculated or inoculated with filtrate from homogenized intestines of RSS-affected broiler chickens. One group from each of these two challenge groups was treated, with a bacteriotherapeutic regimen. After 12 days chickens were euthanatized, the body weight was measured, and duodenal lesions were enumerated. Five consecutive broiler chicken flocks were then raised either on litter from RSS-affected birds or on fresh wood shavings. Treatment had no beneficial effect on the number and severity of intestinal lesions. There appeared to be a significant build-up of RSS agent(s) in poultry litter, with each consecutive flock placement, independent of bacteriotherapeutic treatment, as more individuals exhibited intestinal lesions on built-up litter in RSS-affected houses (28.9% vs. 44%). While treatment did not appear to consistently reduce intestinal lesions, it did significantly improve the mean body weights (P<0.05) and uniformity of 12-day-old chickens placed on reused litter in houses in which RSS-infected birds were previously raised. A combination of litter management and bacteriotherapy may be needed to ameliorate the adverse effects of RSS on intestinal health and body weight in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mundt
- A Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602-4875.,B Current address: Boehringer-Ingelheim Veterinary Research Center, Bemeroder Str. 31, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - S R Collett
- A Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602-4875
| | - R Berghaus
- C Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - A A Pedroso
- A Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602-4875
| | - M D Lee
- A Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602-4875
| | - J J Maurer
- A Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602-4875
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Nuñez LFN, Santander Parra SH, Mettifogo E, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Isolation and molecular characterisation of chicken parvovirus from Brazilian flocks with enteric disorders. Br Poult Sci 2015; 56:39-47. [PMID: 25633520 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.981797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. The presence of parvovirus in chickens with enteric disease was investigated in commercial flocks in Brazil. 2. The intestinal contents of chickens exhibiting clinical signs of diarrhoea, weight loss or mortality were examined, and chicken parvovirus (chPV) was identified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The samples were sequenced and inoculated into specific-pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated eggs to isolate the virus. 3. Necropsies showed that the embryos were dwarfish, haemorrhagic and oedematous. The presence of chPV was confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. 4. The molecular characterisation of chPV strains circulating in the Brazilian flocks showed that they were genetically related to sequences from North America, Europe and Asia. Phylogenetic analyses clustered the Brazilian chPV sequences with those from Europe (Croatia, Hungary) and Asia (South Korea). 5. This study is the first report of the molecular characterisation of chPV circulating in the commercial flocks in Brazil and indicates high genetic similarity with chPV sequences from around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F N Nuñez
- a Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine (FMVZ) , University of São Paulo (USP) , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
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Otto PH, Reetz J, Eichhorn W, Herbst W, Elschner MC. Isolation and propagation of the animal rotaviruses in MA-104 cells—30 years of practical experience. J Virol Methods 2015; 223:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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A Systematic Analysis on mRNA and MicroRNA Expression in Runting and Stunting Chickens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127342. [PMID: 26010155 PMCID: PMC4444097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Runting and stunting syndrome (RSS), which is characterized by lower body weight, widely occurs in broilers. Some RSS chickens simply exhibit slow growth without pathological changes. An increasing number of studies indicate that broiler strains differ in susceptibility to infectious diseases, most likely due to their genetic differences. The objective of this study was to detect the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs in RSS and normal chickens. By integrating miRNA with mRNA expression profiling, potential molecular mechanisms involved in RSS could be further explored. Twenty-two known miRNAs and 1,159 genes were differentially expressed in RSS chickens compared with normal chickens (P < 0.05). qPCR validation results displayed similar patterns. The differentially expressed genes were primarily involved in energy metabolism pathways. The antisense transcripts were extensively expressed in chicken liver albeit with reduced abundance. Dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that gga-miR-30b/c directly target CARS through binding to its 3′UTR. The miR-30b/c: CARS regulation mainly occurred in liver. In thigh muscle and the hypothalamus, miR-30b/c are expressed at higher levels in RSS chickens compared with normal chickens from 2 to 6 w of age, and notably significant differences are observed at 4 w of age.
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Dhama K, Saminathan M, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Shabbir MZ, Kumar N, Malik YS, Singh RK. Avian rotavirus enteritis - an updated review. Vet Q 2015; 35:142-58. [PMID: 25917772 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2015.1046014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) are among the leading causes of enteritis and diarrhea in a number of mammalian and avian species, and impose colossal loss to livestock and poultry industry globally. Subsequent to detection of rotavirus in mammalian hosts in 1973, avian rotavirus (AvRV) was first reported in turkey poults in USA during 1977 and since then RVs of group A (RVA), D (RVD), F (RVF) and G (RVG) have been identified around the globe. Besides RVA, other AvRV groups (RVD, RVF and RVG) may also contribute to disease. However, their significance has yet to be unraveled. Under field conditions, co-infection of AvRVs occurs with other infectious agents such as astroviruses, enteroviruses, reoviruses, paramyxovirus, adenovirus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, cryptosporidium and Eimeria species prospering severity of disease outcome. Birds surviving to RV disease predominantly succumb to secondary bacterial infections, mostly E. coli and Salmonella spp. Recent developments in molecular tools including state-of-the-art diagnostics and vaccine development have led to advances in our understanding towards AvRVs. Development of new generation vaccines using immunogenic antigens of AvRV has to be explored and given due importance. Till now, no effective vaccines are available. Although specific as well as sensitive approaches are available to identify and characterize AvRVs, there is still need to have point-of-care detection assays to review disease burden, contemplate new directions for adopting vaccination and follow improvements in public health measures. This review discusses AvRVs, their epidemiology, pathology and pathogenesis, immunity, recent trends in diagnostics, vaccines, therapeutics as well as appropriate prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- a Division of Pathology , Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , Bareilly 243122 , India
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48
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Abstract
Rotaviruses are segmented double-stranded RNA viruses that cause gastroenteritis in mammals and birds. Here we describe the first partial nucleotide sequences of the structural protein VP6 from the genomes of group F rotaviruses that were detected in 5 out of 53 fecal samples (9.43%) from healthy broilers from Brazilian poultry farms based on reverse-transcriptase-PCR with primers designed for this study. The findings support the development of molecular detection systems, which can be used for the assessment of the distribution of rotavirus F in birds, their potential involvement in diseases, and their impact on poultry health.
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Bezerra DAM, da Silva RR, Kaiano JHL, de Souza Oliveira D, Gabbay YB, Linhares AC, Mascarenhas JDP. Detection, epidemiology and characterization of VP6 and VP7 genes of group D rotavirus in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol 2014; 43:238-43. [PMID: 24875189 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.913097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rotaviruses infect humans and animals and are classified into eight groups (A to H). Group D rotavirus (RVD) has been described in birds, although relatively few reports are available. The present study focused on RVD, including epidemiological and molecular aspects of samples collected from broiler chickens in the state of Pará, Brazil. A total of 85 faecal samples were collected between 2008 and 2011 from 37 chicken farms located in eight different municipalities. The viral double-stranded RNA was extracted from faecal suspensions and analysed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), followed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nucleotide sequencing of the VP6 and VP7 genes. Comparing the positive results, 16.5% (14/85) were obtained by PAGE and 35.3% (30/85) by RT-PCR. Samples from seven of eight municipalities were positive for RVD and infections were recorded in 17 (45.9%) of 37 chicken farms. The RVD infection rate was significantly higher in the 16-day to 30-day age group (62.2%; 23/37) compared with other ages. No consistent relationship was found between the infection rate and either the population density in poultry houses or the climatic conditions. The nucleotide sequences of the VP6 gene were 89.9 to 90.9% similar to the prototype strain 05V0049 and were 88.3 to 100% similar among themselves; VP7 gene nucleotide sequences were 84.3 to 85.4% similar to the prototype strain 05V0049 and 93.8 to 100% similar among themselves. Overall, this study provides new insights into the epidemiology and genome characterization of group D rotaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delana Andreza Melo Bezerra
- a Seção de Virologia , Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde , Ananindeua , Brazil
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Abstract
Gut health is very important to get maximum returns in terms of weight gain and egg production. Enteric diseases such as poult enteritis complex (PEC) in turkeys do not allow their production potential to be achieved to its maximum. A number of viruses, bacteria, and protozoa have been implicated but the primary etiology has not been definitively established. Previously, electron microscopy was used to detect the presence of enteric viruses, which were identified solely on the basis of their morphology. With the advent of rapid molecular diagnostic methods and next generation nucleic acid sequencing, researchers have made long strides in identification and characterization of viruses associated with PEC. The molecular techniques have also helped us in identification of pathogens which were previously not known. Regional and national surveys have revealed the presence of several different enteric viruses in PEC including rotavirus, astrovirus, reovirus and coronavirus either alone or in combination. There may still be unknown pathogens that may directly or indirectly play a role in enteritis in turkeys. This review will focus on the role of turkey coronavirus, rotavirus, reovirus, and astrovirus in turkey enteritis.
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