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Chen D, Wang LJ, Li HL, Feng F, Li JC, Liu L. Progress of heparanase in septic cardiomyopathy: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38901. [PMID: 39151539 PMCID: PMC11332786 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is a severe complication caused by sepsis, resulting in a high mortality rate. The current understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of SCM primarily involves endocardial injury, microcirculation disturbance, mitochondrial dysfunction and fibrosis. Heparanase (HPA), an endo-β-D-glucuronidase, has been implicated in inflammation, immune response, coagulation promotion, microcirculation disturbance, mitochondrial dysfunction and fibrosis. Therefore, it was hypothesized that HPA may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SCM. The present study provides a summary of various pathophysiological changes and mechanisms behind the involvement of HPA in SCM. It also presents a novel perspective on the pathogenic mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of SCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Jun Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Lei Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Fei Feng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Chun Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Liping Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
- Departments of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
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Gaudet A, Zheng X, Kambham N, Bhalla V. Esm-1 mediates transcriptional polarization associated with diabetic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F1016-F1031. [PMID: 38601985 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00419.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Esm-1, endothelial cell-specific molecule-1, is a susceptibility gene for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and is a secreted proteoglycan, with notable expression in kidney, which attenuates inflammation and albuminuria. However, little is known about Esm1 expression in mature tissues in the presence or absence of diabetes. We utilized publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data to characterize Esm1 expression in 27,786 renal endothelial cells (RECs) obtained from three mouse and four human databases. We validated our findings using bulk transcriptome data from 20 healthy subjects and 41 patients with DKD and using RNAscope. In both mice and humans, Esm1 is expressed in a subset of all REC types and represents a minority of glomerular RECs. In patients, Esm1(+) cells exhibit conserved enrichment for blood vessel development genes. With diabetes, these cells are fewer in number and shift expression toward chemotaxis pathways. Esm1 correlates with a majority of genes within these pathways, delineating a glomerular transcriptional polarization reflected by the magnitude of Esm1 deficiency. Diabetes correlates with lower Esm1 expression and with changes in the functional characterization of Esm1(+) cells. Thus, Esm1 appears to be a marker for glomerular transcriptional polarization in DKD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Esm-1 is primarily expressed in glomerular endothelium in humans. Cells expressing Esm1 exhibit a high degree of conservation in the enrichment of genes related to blood vessel development. In the context of diabetes, these cells are reduced in number and show a significant transcriptional shift toward the chemotaxis pathway. In diabetes, there is a transcriptional polarization in the glomerulus that is reflected by the degree of Esm1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Gaudet
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Xiaoyi Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Neeraja Kambham
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Vivek Bhalla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
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3
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Li Z, Wu N, Wang J, Yue Y, Geng L, Zhang Q. Low molecular weight fucoidan restores diabetic endothelial glycocalyx by targeting neuraminidase2: A new therapy target in glycocalyx shedding. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1404-1420. [PMID: 37994102 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diabetic vascular complication is a leading cause of disability and mortality in diabetes patients. Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) is a promising drug candidate for vascular complications. Glycocalyx injury predates the occurrence of diabetes vascular complications. Protecting glycocalyx from degradation relieves diabetic vascular complications. LMWF has the potential to protect the diabetes endothelial glycocalyx from shedding. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The protective effect of LMWF on diabetic glycocalyx damage was investigated in db/db mice and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) through transmission electron microscopy and WGA labelling. The effect of LMWF on glycocalyx degrading enzymes expression was investigated. Neuraminidase2 (NEU2) overexpression/knockdown was performed in HUVECs to verify the important role of NEU2 in glycocalyx homeostasis. The interaction between NEU2 and LMWF was detected by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance analysis (SPR). KEY RESULTS LMWF normalizes blood indexes including insulin, triglyceride, uric acid and reduces diabetes complications adverse events. LMWF alleviates diabetic endothelial glycocalyx damage in db/db mice kidney/aorta and high concentration glucose treated HUVECs. NEU2 is up-regulated in db/db mice and HUVECs with high concentration glucose. Overexpression/knockdown NEU2 results in glycocalyx shedding in HUVEC. Down-regulation and interaction of LMWF with NEU2 is a new therapy target in glycocalyx homeostasis. NEU2 was positively correlated with phosphorylated IR-β. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS NEU2 is an effective target for glycocalyx homeostasis and LMWF is a promising drug to alleviate vascular complications in diabetes by protecting endothelial glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Research Center for Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Qingdao Hospital (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Wu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Yue
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Lihua Geng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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Gamez M, Elhegni HE, Fawaz S, Ho KH, Campbell NW, Copland DA, Onions KL, Butler MJ, Wasson EJ, Crompton M, Ramnath RD, Qiu Y, Yamaguchi Y, Arkill KP, Bates DO, Turnbull JE, Zubkova OV, Welsh GI, Atan D, Satchell SC, Foster RR. Heparanase inhibition as a systemic approach to protect the endothelial glycocalyx and prevent microvascular complications in diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:50. [PMID: 38302978 PMCID: PMC10835837 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which is detrimental to cardiovascular health, often leading to secondary microvascular complications, with huge global health implications. Therapeutic interventions that can be applied to multiple vascular beds are urgently needed. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are characterised by early microvascular permeability changes which, if left untreated, lead to visual impairment and renal failure, respectively. The heparan sulphate cleaving enzyme, heparanase, has previously been shown to contribute to diabetic microvascular complications, but the common underlying mechanism which results in microvascular dysfunction in conditions such as DR and DKD has not been determined. METHODS In this study, two mouse models of heparan sulphate depletion (enzymatic removal and genetic ablation by endothelial specific Exotosin-1 knock down) were utilized to investigate the impact of endothelial cell surface (i.e., endothelial glycocalyx) heparan sulphate loss on microvascular barrier function. Endothelial glycocalyx changes were measured using fluorescence microscopy or transmission electron microscopy. To measure the impact on barrier function, we used sodium fluorescein angiography in the eye and a glomerular albumin permeability assay in the kidney. A type 2 diabetic (T2D, db/db) mouse model was used to determine the therapeutic potential of preventing heparan sulphate damage using treatment with a novel heparanase inhibitor, OVZ/HS-1638. Endothelial glycocalyx changes were measured as above, and microvascular barrier function assessed by albumin extravasation in the eye and a glomerular permeability assay in the kidney. RESULTS In both models of heparan sulphate depletion, endothelial glycocalyx depth was reduced and retinal solute flux and glomerular albumin permeability was increased. T2D mice treated with OVZ/HS-1638 had improved endothelial glycocalyx measurements compared to vehicle treated T2D mice and were simultaneously protected from microvascular permeability changes associated with DR and DKD. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that endothelial glycocalyx heparan sulphate plays a common mechanistic role in microvascular barrier function in the eye and kidney. Protecting the endothelial glycocalyx damage in diabetes, using the novel heparanase inhibitor OVZ/HS-1638, effectively prevents microvascular permeability changes associated with DR and DKD, demonstrating a novel systemic approach to address diabetic microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gamez
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom.
| | - Hesham E Elhegni
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Fawaz
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Kwan Ho Ho
- Department of Computer Science, Merchant Venturers Building, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UB, United Kingdom
| | - Neill W Campbell
- Department of Computer Science, Merchant Venturers Building, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UB, United Kingdom
| | - David A Copland
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Karen L Onions
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Butler
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Wasson
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Crompton
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Raina D Ramnath
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Qiu
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Yamaguchi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kenton P Arkill
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - David O Bates
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy E Turnbull
- Centre for Glycoscience, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Olga V Zubkova
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Rd, Lower Hutt, 5046, New Zealand
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Denize Atan
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- Bristol Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol & Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, BS1 2LX, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
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Goleij P, Sanaye PM, Rezaee A, Tabari MAK, Arefnezhad R, Motedayyen H. RNA therapeutics for kidney injury. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 204:69-95. [PMID: 38458744 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
RNA therapy involves utilizing RNA-based molecules to control biological pathways, aiming to cure specific diseases. As our understanding of RNA functions and their roles has expanded, the application of RNA therapies has broadened to target various therapeutic points. This approach holds promise for treating a range of diseases, including kidney diseases. Therapeutic RNA can be employed to target specific genes or pathways implicated in the development of kidney conditions, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of RNA-based therapies across different types of kidney diseases, encompassing infection, inflammation, nephrotoxicity, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Furthermore, studies have pinpointed the specific kidney cells involved in RNA therapy. To address challenges hindering the potential impact of RNA-based drugs on their targets, nanotechnology is integrated, and RNA-loaded vehicles with ligands are explored for more efficient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Goleij
- Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran; USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Aryan Rezaee
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; USERN Office, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Arefnezhad
- Coenzyme R Research Institute, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Motedayyen
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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6
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Ebrat E, Hejazian SM, Ahmadian E, Vahed SZ, Mobasseri M, Ardalan M. The Possible Association of IL-6R Gene Polymorphisms in the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:55-59. [PMID: 37855360 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998245369231009111221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Chronic inflammation and a combination of environmental and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis and development of DN. OBJECTIVE This case-control study aimed to determine the relationship between rs7529229 and rs2228145 polymorphisms of the IL-6R gene with the incidence of nephropathy among T2D patients. METHODS Fifty-six diabetic patients with nephropathy and 57 T2D patients without nephropathy were included based on inclusion criteria, along with 150 healthy individuals. RESULTS The frequencies of AC and CC genotype distributions of the rs2228145 polymorphism in DN patients were significantly higher than in healthy individuals (24.1 and 9.3% versus 10.7 and 6.7%, respectively, P= 0.02). Moreover, the frequency of allele C was higher in DN patients compared to healthy controls (21.30% versus 12%, P=0.025). However, genotype distribution and allele frequencies of the rs7529229 IL-6R polymorphism in DN patients were not statistically significant in comparison with diabetic patients and healthy individuals (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION The results showed that the allele and genotype distribution frequencies of rs2228145 IL-6R gene polymorphism in patients with DN were significantly higher than in healthy individuals. Therefore, the presence of this polymorphism may be involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Ebrat
- Kidney Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyyedeh Mina Hejazian
- Kidney Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Ahmadian
- Kidney Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Zununi Vahed
- Kidney Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mobasseri
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Ardalan
- Kidney Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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7
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He K, Zhou X, Du H, Zhao J, Deng R, Wang J. A review on the relationship between Arachidonic acid 15-Lipoxygenase (ALOX15) and diabetes mellitus. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16239. [PMID: 37849828 PMCID: PMC10578307 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15), as one of the lipoxygenase family, is mainly responsible for catalyzing the oxidation of various fatty acids to produce a variety of lipid components, contributing to the pathophysiological processes of various immune and inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown that ALOX15 and its related products are widely distributed in human tissues and related to multiple diseases such as liver, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and other diseases. Diabetes mellitus (DM), the disease studied in this article, is a metabolic disease characterized by a chronic increase in blood glucose levels, which is significantly related to inflammation, oxidative stress, ferroptosis and other mechanisms, and it has a high incidence in the population, accompanied by a variety of complications. Figuring out how ALOX15 is involved in DM is critical to understanding its role in diseases. Therefore, ALOX15 inhibitors or combination therapy containing inhibitors may deliver a novel research direction for the treatment of DM and its complications. This article aims to review the biological effect and the possible function of ALOX15 in the pathogenesis of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiying He
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhou
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongxuan Du
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianqin Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
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8
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Kaur G, Harris NR. Endothelial glycocalyx in retina, hyperglycemia, and diabetic retinopathy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C1061-C1077. [PMID: 36939202 PMCID: PMC10125029 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00188.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) is a meshlike network present on the apical surface of the endothelium. Membrane-bound proteoglycans, the major backbone molecules of the EG, consist of glycosaminoglycans attached to core proteins. In addition to maintaining the integrity of the endothelial barrier, the EG regulates inflammation and perfusion and acts as a mechanosensor. The loss of the EG can cause endothelial dysfunction and drive the progression of vascular diseases including diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, the EG presents a novel therapeutic target for treatment of vascular complications. In this review article, we provide an overview of the structure and function of the EG in the retina. Our particular focus is on hyperglycemia-induced perturbations in the glycocalyx structure in the retina, potential underlying mechanisms, and clinical trials studying protective treatments against degradation of the EG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaganpreet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States
| | - Norman R Harris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States
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9
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Li Z, Zhang Q, Sun YY, Wu N. Effects of different dehydration methods on the preservation of aortic and renal glycocalyx structures in mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15197. [PMID: 37095921 PMCID: PMC10121396 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycocalyx is located outside the vascular endothelial cells playing an important role in vascular homeostasis. However, lacking efficient detection methods is one of the biggest obstacles to study the glycocalyx. In this study, three dehydration methods were used to compare the preservation of HUVEC, aorta and kidney glycocalyx by transmission electron microscope. The chemical pre-fixation was performed by lanthanum nitrate staining, and the mice aorta and renal glycocalyx were prepared by different dehydration methods such as ethanol gradient, acetone gradient and low temperature dehydration. HUVEC glycocalyx was prepared by acetone gradient and low temperature dehydration. Low temperature dehydration method preserves HUVEC and mice aortic glycocalyx completely, which had a certain thickness and presented a needle-like structure. But for mice kidney, the acetone gradient dehydration preparation method could better preserve the glycocalyx integrity than other two methods. In conclusion, low temperature dehydration method is suitable for HUVEC and aortic glycocalyx preservation, acetone gradient dehydration method is more suitable for kidney glycocalyx preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Department of Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Department of Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan-yuan Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ning Wu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Department of Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Nantong Zhongke Marine Science and Technology Research and Development Center, Nantong, China
- Corresponding author. Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, China,
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10
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Chyła-Danił G, Sałaga-Zaleska K, Kreft E, Krzesińska A, Herman S, Kuchta A, Sakowicz-Burkiewicz M, Lenartowicz M, Jankowski M. Suramin Affects the Renal VEGF-A/VEGFR Axis in Short-Term Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030470. [PMID: 36986570 PMCID: PMC10053825 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) accounts for approximately 50% of end-stage renal diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is thought to be a critical mediator of vascular dysfunction in DN, but its role is unclear. The lack of pharmacological tools to modify renal concentrations further hinders the understanding of its role in DN. In this study, rats were evaluated after 3 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and two suramin treatments (10 mg/kg, ip). Vascular endothelial growth factor A expression was evaluated by western blot of glomeruli and immunofluorescence of the renal cortex. RT-PCR for receptors Vegfr1 mRNA and Vegfr2 mRNA quantitation was performed. The soluble adhesive molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) in blood were measured by ELISA and the vasoreactivity of interlobar arteries to acetylcholine was evaluated using wire myography. Suramin administration reduced the expression and intraglomerular localisation of VEGF-A. Increased VEGFR-2 expression in diabetes was reduced by suramin to non-diabetic levels. Diabetes reduced the sVCAM-1 concentrations. Suramin in diabetes restored acetylcholine relaxation properties to non-diabetic levels. In conclusion, suramin affects the renal VEGF-A/VEGF receptors axis and has a beneficial impact on endothelium-dependent relaxation of renal arteries. Thus, suramin may be used as a pharmacological agent to investigate the potential role of VEGF-A in the pathogenesis of renal vascular complications in short-term diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Chyła-Danił
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Kornelia Sałaga-Zaleska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kreft
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Krzesińska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Herman
- Laboratory of Genetics and Evolutionism, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kuchta
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Lenartowicz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Evolutionism, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Jankowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
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11
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Crompton M, Ferguson JK, Ramnath RD, Onions KL, Ogier AS, Gamez M, Down CJ, Skinner L, Wong KH, Dixon LK, Sutak J, Harper SJ, Pontrelli P, Gesualdo L, Heerspink HL, Toto RD, Welsh GI, Foster RR, Satchell SC, Butler MJ. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism in diabetes reduces albuminuria by preserving the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e154164. [PMID: 36749631 PMCID: PMC10077489 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The glomerular endothelial glycocalyx (GEnGlx) forms the first part of the glomerular filtration barrier. Previously, we showed that mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation caused GEnGlx damage and albuminuria. In this study, we investigated whether MR antagonism could limit albuminuria in diabetes and studied the site of action. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats developed albuminuria, increased glomerular albumin permeability (Ps'alb), and increased glomerular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity with corresponding GEnGlx loss. MR antagonism prevented albuminuria progression, restored Ps'alb, preserved GEnGlx, and reduced MMP activity. Enzymatic degradation of the GEnGlx negated the benefits of MR antagonism, confirming their dependence on GEnGlx integrity. Exposing human glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC) to diabetic conditions in vitro increased MMPs and caused glycocalyx damage. Amelioration of these effects confirmed a direct effect of MR antagonism on GEnC. To confirm relevance to human disease, we used a potentially novel confocal imaging method to show loss of GEnGlx in renal biopsy specimens from patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). In addition, patients with DN randomized to receive an MR antagonist had reduced urinary MMP2 activity and albuminuria compared with placebo and baseline levels. Taken together, our work suggests that MR antagonists reduce MMP activity and thereby preserve GEnGlx, resulting in reduced glomerular permeability and albuminuria in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Crompton
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne K. Ferguson
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Raina D. Ramnath
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Karen L. Onions
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anna S. Ogier
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Gamez
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Down
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Skinner
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kitty H. Wong
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren K. Dixon
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Judit Sutak
- Pathology Department, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J. Harper
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Hiddo L. Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert D. Toto
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Gavin I. Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca R. Foster
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C. Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Butler
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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12
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Zhang L, Jin G, Zhang W, Wang X, Li Z, Dong Q. Silencing circ_0080425 alleviates high-glucose-induced endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy by targeting miR-140-3p/FN1 axis. Clin Exp Nephrol 2023; 27:12-23. [PMID: 36083527 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-022-02273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hsa_circ_0080425 (circ_0080425) is newly identified to correlate with the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, its role and mechanism in DN process is not very clear. METHODS Cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, scratch wound assay, and western blotting were performed to measure endothelial cell dysfunction. Expression of circ_0080425, microRNA (miR)-140-3p and fibronectin 1 (FN1) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. The direct interaction was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS High-glucose (HG) treatment could induce inhibition of cell proliferation, cell cycle entrance and wound healing rate in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HRGEC), and enhancement of apoptosis rate. Circ_0080425 expression was upregulated by HG, and exhausting circ_0080425 could attenuate HG-induced above effects in HRGEC. MiR-140-3p was sponged by circ_0080425, and its inhibitor reversed the regulation of circ_0080425 knockdown on HG-induced HRGEC injury. FN1 was targeted by miR-140-3p, and its overexpression also restored the inhibitory effect of miR-140-3p on HC-induced HRGEC injury. CONCLUSION Circ_0080425 expression might contribute to HG-induced endothelial cell injury, and circ_0080425/miR-140-3p/FN1 axis was a potential therapeutic approach to interfere DN process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Zhang
- Kidney Disease and Dialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Kidney Disease and Dialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Kidney Disease and Dialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Kidney Disease and Dialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Kidney Disease and Dialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianlan Dong
- Kidney Disease and Dialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China.
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13
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Li L, Cook C, Liu Y, Li J, Jiang J, Li S. Endothelial glycocalyx in hepatopulmonary syndrome: An indispensable player mediating vascular changes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1039618. [PMID: 36618396 PMCID: PMC9815560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a serious pulmonary vascular complication that causes respiratory insufficiency in patients with chronic liver diseases. HPS is characterized by two central pathogenic features-intrapulmonary vascular dilatation (IPVD) and angiogenesis. Endothelial glycocalyx (eGCX) is a gel-like layer covering the luminal surface of blood vessels which is involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes including controlling vascular tone and angiogenesis. In terms of lung disorders, it has been well established that eGCX contributes to dysregulated vascular contraction and impaired blood-gas barrier and fluid clearance, and thus might underlie the pathogenesis of HPS. Additionally, pharmacological interventions targeting eGCX are dramatically on the rise. In this review, we aim to elucidate the potential role of eGCX in IPVD and angiogenesis and describe the possible degradation-reconstitution equilibrium of eGCX during HPS through a highlight of recent literature. These studies strongly underscore the therapeutic rationale in targeting eGCX for the treatment of HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Liang Li, ; Shaomin Li,
| | - Christopher Cook
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Yale Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiantao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaomin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Liang Li, ; Shaomin Li,
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14
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Tortonese DJ. Hypophysial angiogenesis decodes annual time and underlies physiological adaptation to seasonal changes in the environment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 337:939-951. [PMID: 35844178 PMCID: PMC9796326 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to annual changes in the environment is controlled by hypophysial hormones. In temperate zones, photoperiod is the primary external cue that regulates annual biological cycles and is translated by the pattern of melatonin secretion acting primarily in the hypophysial pars tuberalis. Angiogenic mechanisms within this tissue contribute to decode the melatonin signal through alternative splicing of the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) gene in both the pars tuberalis and the capillary loops of the infundibulum. The resulting melatonin-evoked differential productions of VEGF-A isoforms will induce seasonal remodeling of the vascular connection between the hypothalamus and hypophysis, and act as paracrine messengers in the pars distalis to generate the required seasonal endocrine response. Specifically, the long melatonin signal in winter upregulates antiangiogenic VEGF-A isoforms, which will reduce the number of vascular loops and the density of VEGF receptors in endocrine and folliculo-stellate (FS) cells, inhibit prolactin secretion, and stimulate FSH. In contrast, the short melatonin signal in summer upregulates proangiogenic VEGF-A isoforms that will increase the number of vascular loops and the density of VEGF receptors in endocrine and FS cells, stimulate prolactin secretion, and suppress FSH. A similar system has been identified in long day seasonal breeders, revealing that this is a conserved mechanism of adaptation across species. Thus, an angiogenesis-based, intrahypophysial system for annual time measurement controls local microvascular plasticity and conveys the photoperiodic signal readout from the melatonin sensitive pars tuberalis to the endocrine cells of the pars distalis to regulate seasonal adaptation to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo J. Tortonese
- Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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15
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Naik S, Mohammed A. Coexpression network analysis of human candida infection reveals key modules and hub genes responsible for host-pathogen interactions. Front Genet 2022; 13:917636. [PMID: 36482897 PMCID: PMC9722774 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.917636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are a significant reason for morbidity and mortality among organ transplant recipients. Therefore, it is critical to investigate the host and candida niches to understand the epidemiology of fungal infections in transplantation. Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes fatal invasive mucosal infections, particularly in solid organ transplant patients. Therefore, identifying and characterizing these genes would play a vital role in understanding the complex regulation of host-pathogen interactions. Using 32 RNA-sequencing samples of human cells infected with C. albicans, we developed WGCNA coexpression networks and performed DESeq2 differential gene expression analysis to identify the genes that positively correlate with human candida infection. Using hierarchical clustering, we identified 5 distinct modules. We studied the inter- and intramodular gene network properties in the context of sample status traits and identified the highly enriched genes in the correlated modules. We identified 52 genes that were common in the most significant WGCNA turquoise module and differentially expressed genes in human endothelial cells (HUVEC) infection vs. control samples. As a validation step, we identified the differentially expressed genes from the independent Candida-infected human oral keratinocytes (OKF6) samples and validated 30 of the 52 common genes. We then performed the functional enrichment analysis using KEGG and GO. Finally, we performed protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis using STRING and CytoHubba from 30 validated genes. We identified 8 hub genes (JUN, ATF3, VEGFA, SLC2A1, HK2, PTGS2, PFKFB3, and KLF6) that were enriched in response to hypoxia, angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, hypoxia-induced signaling, cancer, diabetes, and transplant-related disease pathways. The discovery of genes and functional pathways related to the immune system and gene coexpression and differential gene expression analyses may serve as novel diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Naik
- Department of Surgery, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Akram Mohammed
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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16
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Tang W, Zhang Y, Cui S, Yi F. The Growth Factors: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Kidney Diseases. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 8:368-380. [PMID: 36466071 PMCID: PMC9710479 DOI: 10.1159/000526208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney diseases are a prevalent health problem worldwide. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of kidney disease, currently there is no satisfactory clinical treatment available to prevent or treat kidney disease. Therefore, strategies to establish early diagnosis, identify the key molecules, and develop novel therapeutic interventions to slow the progression of kidney diseases and reduce their complications are encouraged. SUMMARY The growth factors play a crucial role in the development of kidney diseases. The altered levels of growth factors are usually detected in circulation and urine in the disease course. A growing body of studies has suggested that growth factors, receptors, and related regulators are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and/or prognosis and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of kidney diseases. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the potential applications of growth factors for diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in kidney diseases and highlight their performances in clinical trials. KEY MESSAGES Most diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting growth factors are still far from clinical implementation. The better understanding of growth factor-regulated pathophysiology and the progress of new intervention approaches are expected to facilitate the clinical translation of growth factor-based diagnosis and therapy of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sijia Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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17
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Foote CA, Soares RN, Ramirez-Perez FI, Ghiarone T, Aroor A, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA. Endothelial Glycocalyx. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3781-3811. [PMID: 35997082 PMCID: PMC10214841 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a polysaccharide structure that protrudes from the body of a cell. It is primarily conformed of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which provide communication, electrostatic charge, ionic buffering, permeability, and mechanosensation-mechanotransduction capabilities to cells. In blood vessels, the endothelial glycocalyx that projects into the vascular lumen separates the vascular wall from the circulating blood. Such a physical location allows a number of its components, including sialic acid, glypican-1, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronan, to participate in the mechanosensation-mechanotransduction of blood flow-dependent shear stress, which results in the synthesis of nitric oxide and flow-mediated vasodilation. The endothelial glycocalyx also participates in the regulation of vascular permeability and the modulation of inflammatory responses, including the processes of leukocyte rolling and extravasation. Its structural architecture and negative charge work to prevent macromolecules greater than approximately 70 kDa and cationic molecules from binding and flowing out of the vasculature. This also prevents the extravasation of pathogens such as bacteria and virus, as well as that of tumor cells. Due to its constant exposure to shear and circulating enzymes such as neuraminidase, heparanase, hyaluronidase, and matrix metalloproteinases, the endothelial glycocalyx is in a continuous process of degradation and renovation. A balance favoring degradation is associated with a variety of pathologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular aging, metastatic cancer, and diabetic vasculopathies. Consequently, ongoing research efforts are focused on deciphering the mechanisms that promote glycocalyx degradation or limit its syntheses, as well as on therapeutic approaches to improve glycocalyx integrity with the goal of reducing vascular disease. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-31, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Foote
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rogerio N. Soares
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya Aroor
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Luis A. Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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18
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Lawrence-Mills SJ, Hughes D, Hezzell MJ, Butler M, Neal C, Foster RR, Welsh GI, Finch N. The microvascular endothelial glycocalyx: An additional piece of the puzzle in veterinary medicine. Vet J 2022; 285:105843. [PMID: 35654338 PMCID: PMC9587354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (eGlx) is a critically important structure lining the luminal surface of endothelial cells. There is increasing evidence, in human patients and animal models, for its crucial role in the maintenance of health. Moreover, its damage is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple disease states. This review provides readers with an overview of the eGlx; summarising its structure, essential functions, and evidence for its role in disease. We highlight the lack of studies regarding the eGlx in cats and dogs, particularly in naturally occurring diseases. Importantly, we discuss techniques to aid its study, which can be applied to veterinary species. Finally, we present targeted therapies aimed at preserving, and in some cases, restoring damaged eGlx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Lawrence-Mills
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; current affiliation The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mimms, UK.
| | - David Hughes
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | | | - Matthew Butler
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Neal
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Natalie Finch
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, UK; Langford Vets, Langford House, Langford, UK
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19
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Taghavi S, Abdullah S, Toraih E, Packer J, Drury RH, Aras OA, Kosowski EM, Cotton-Betteridge A, Karim M, Bitonti N, Shaheen F, Duchesne J, Jackson-Weaver O. Dimethyl malonate slows succinate accumulation and preserves cardiac function in a swine model of hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2022; 93:13-20. [PMID: 35234713 PMCID: PMC9232889 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Succinate (SI) is a citric acid cycle metabolite that accumulates in tissues during hemorrhagic shock (HS) due to electron transport chain uncoupling. Dimethyl malonate (DMM) is a competitive inhibitor of SI dehydrogenase, which has been shown to reduce SI accumulation and protect against reperfusion injury. Whether DMM can be therapeutic after severe HS is unknown. We hypothesized that DMM would prevent SI buildup during resuscitation (RES) in a swine model of HS, leading to better physiological recovery after RES. METHODS The carotid arteries of Yorkshire pigs were cannulated with a 5-Fr catheter. After placement of a Swan-Ganz catheter and femoral arterial line, the carotid catheters were opened and the animals were exsanguinated to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 45 mm. After 30 minutes in the shock state, the animals were resuscitated to a MAP of 60 mm using lactated ringers. A MAP above 60 mm was maintained throughout RES. One group received 10 mg/kg of DMM (n = 6), while the control received sham injections (n = 6). The primary end-point was SI levels. Secondary end-points included cardiac function and lactate. RESULTS Succinate levels increased from baseline to the 20-minute RES point in control, while the DMM cohort remained unchanged. The DMM group required less intravenous fluid to maintain a MAP above 60 (450.0 vs. 229.0 mL; p = 0.01). The DMM group had higher pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at the 20-minute and 40-minute RES points. The DMM group had better recovery of cardiac output and index during RES, while the control had no improvement. While lactate levels were similar, DMM may lead to increased ionized calcium levels. DISCUSSION Dimethyl malonate slows SI accumulation during HS and helps preserve cardiac filling pressures and function during RES. In addition, DMM may protect against depletion of ionized calcium. Dimethyl malonate may have therapeutic potential during HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharven Taghavi
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sarah Abdullah
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Eman Toraih
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jacob Packer
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Robert H. Drury
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Oguz A.Z. Aras
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | | | - Mardeen Karim
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Farhana Shaheen
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Juan Duchesne
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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20
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Finch NC, Fawaz SS, Neal CR, Butler MJ, Lee VK, Salmon AJ, Lay AC, Stevens M, Dayalan L, Band H, Mellor HH, Harper SJ, Shima DT, Welsh GI, Foster RR, Satchell SC. Reduced Glomerular Filtration in Diabetes Is Attributable to Loss of Density and Increased Resistance of Glomerular Endothelial Cell Fenestrations. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1120-1136. [PMID: 35292439 PMCID: PMC9161794 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021030294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomerular endothelial cell (GEnC) fenestrations are recognized as an essential component of the glomerular filtration barrier, yet little is known about how they are regulated and their role in disease. METHODS We comprehensively characterized GEnC fenestral and functional renal filtration changes including measurement of glomerular Kf and GFR in diabetic mice (BTBR ob-/ob- ). We also examined and compared human samples. We evaluated Eps homology domain protein-3 (EHD3) and its association with GEnC fenestrations in diabetes in disease samples and further explored its role as a potential regulator of fenestrations in an in vitro model of fenestration formation using b.End5 cells. RESULTS Loss of GEnC fenestration density was associated with decreased filtration function in diabetic nephropathy. We identified increased diaphragmed fenestrations in diabetes, which are posited to increase resistance to filtration and further contribute to decreased GFR. We identified decreased glomerular EHD3 expression in diabetes, which was significantly correlated with decreased fenestration density. Reduced fenestrations in EHD3 knockdown b.End5 cells in vitro further suggested a mechanistic role for EHD3 in fenestration formation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the critical role of GEnC fenestrations in renal filtration function and suggests EHD3 may be a key regulator, loss of which may contribute to declining glomerular filtration function through aberrant GEnC fenestration regulation. This points to EHD3 as a novel therapeutic target to restore filtration function in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C. Finch
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah S. Fawaz
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chris R. Neal
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Butler
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian K. Lee
- Translational Vision Research, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Salmon
- Renal Service, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Abigail C. Lay
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Stevens
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Lusyan Dayalan
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Harry H. Mellor
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J. Harper
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David T. Shima
- Translational Vision Research, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin I. Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca R. Foster
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C. Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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21
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Qiu Y, Buffonge S, Ramnath R, Jenner S, Fawaz S, Arkill KP, Neal C, Verkade P, White SJ, Hezzell M, Salmon AHJ, Suleiman MS, Welsh GI, Foster RR, Madeddu P, Satchell SC. Endothelial glycocalyx is damaged in diabetic cardiomyopathy: angiopoietin 1 restores glycocalyx and improves diastolic function in mice. Diabetologia 2022; 65:879-894. [PMID: 35211778 PMCID: PMC8960650 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious and under-recognised complication of diabetes. The first sign is diastolic dysfunction, which progresses to heart failure. The pathophysiology of DCM is incompletely understood but microcirculatory changes are important. Endothelial glycocalyx (eGlx) plays multiple vital roles in the microcirculation, including in the regulation of vascular permeability, and is compromised in diabetes but has not previously been studied in the coronary microcirculation in diabetes. We hypothesised that eGlx damage in the coronary microcirculation contributes to increased microvascular permeability and hence to cardiac dysfunction. METHODS We investigated eGlx damage and cardiomyopathy in mouse models of type 1 (streptozotocin-induced) and type 2 (db/db) diabetes. Cardiac dysfunction was determined by echocardiography. We obtained eGlx depth and coverage by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on mouse hearts perfusion-fixed with glutaraldehyde and Alcian Blue. Perivascular oedema was assessed from TEM images by measuring the perivascular space area. Lectin-based fluorescence was developed to study eGlx in paraformaldehyde-fixed mouse and human tissues. The eGlx of human conditionally immortalised coronary microvascular endothelial cells (CMVECs) in culture was removed with eGlx-degrading enzymes before measurement of protein passage across the cell monolayer. The mechanism of eGlx damage in the diabetic heart was investigated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR array and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity assay. To directly demonstrate that eGlx damage disturbs cardiac function, isolated rat hearts were treated with enzymes in a Langendorff preparation. Angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) is known to restore eGlx and so was used to investigate whether eGlx restoration reverses diastolic dysfunction in mice with type 1 diabetes. RESULTS In a mouse model of type 1 diabetes, diastolic dysfunction (confirmed by echocardiography) was associated with loss of eGlx from CMVECs and the development of perivascular oedema, suggesting increased microvascular permeability. We confirmed in vitro that eGlx removal increases CMVEC monolayer permeability. We identified increased MMP activity as a potential mechanism of eGlx damage and we observed loss of syndecan 4 consistent with MMP activity. In a mouse model of type 2 diabetes we found a similar loss of eGlx preceding the development of diastolic dysfunction. We used isolated rat hearts to demonstrate that eGlx damage (induced by enzymes) is sufficient to disturb cardiac function. Ang1 restored eGlx and this was associated with reduced perivascular oedema and amelioration of the diastolic dysfunction seen in mice with type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The association of CMVEC glycocalyx damage with diastolic dysfunction in two diabetes models suggests that it may play a pathophysiological role and the enzyme studies confirm that eGlx damage is sufficient to impair cardiac function. Ang1 rapidly restores the CMVEC glycocalyx and improves diastolic function. Our work identifies CMVEC glycocalyx damage as a potential contributor to the development of DCM and therefore as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Stanley Buffonge
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Raina Ramnath
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sophie Jenner
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Fawaz
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kenton P Arkill
- Biodiscovery Institute, Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chris Neal
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul Verkade
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephen J White
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Melanie Hezzell
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | - Andrew H J Salmon
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Renal Service, Specialist Medicine and Health of Older People, North Shore Hospital, Waitemata District Health Board, Takapuna, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M-Saadeh Suleiman
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Simon C Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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22
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Lawrence-Mills SJ, Neal CR, Satchell SC, Welsh GI, Foster RR, Finch N. Visualising the endothelial glycocalyx in dogs. Vet J 2022; 285:105844. [PMID: 35640795 PMCID: PMC9587350 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (eGlx) lines the luminal surface of endothelial cells. It is critical in maintaining vascular health and when damaged contributes to many diseases. Its fragility makes studying the eGlx technically challenging. The current reference standard for eGlx visualisation, by electron microscopy using glutaraldehyde/Alcian blue perfusion fixation, has not been previously reported in dogs. Established techniques were applied to achieve visualisation of the eGlx in the microvasculature of reproductive tissue in five healthy dogs undergoing elective neutering. Uterine and testicular artery samples underwent perfusion fixation, in the presence of Alcian blue, prior to transmission electron microscopy imaging. Image processing software was used to determine eGlx depth. EGlx was visualised in the arteries of two dogs, one testicular and one uterine, with median (range) eGlx depths of 68.2 nm (32.1–122.9 nm) and 47.6 nm (26.1–129.4 nm) respectively. Study of the eGlx is technically challenging, particularly its direct visualisation in clinical samples. Further research is needed to develop more clinically applicable techniques to measure eGlx health. Canine glycocalyx has not previously been visualised using the reference technique. The endothelial glycocalyx was visualised in dog uterine and testicular arteries. Direct visualisation of the endothelial glycocalyx was technically challenging.
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23
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Younis A, Hardowar L, Barker S, Hulse RP. The consequence of endothelial remodelling on the blood spinal cord barrier and nociception. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:184-192. [PMID: 35434652 PMCID: PMC9010889 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociception is a fundamental acute protective mechanism that prevents harm to an organism. Understanding the integral processes that control nociceptive processing are fundamental to our appreciation of which cellular and molecular features underlie this process. There is an extensive understanding of how sensory neurons interpret differing sensory modalities and intensities. However, it is widely appreciated that the sensory neurons do not act alone. These work in harmony with inflammatory and vascular systems to modulate pain perception. The spinal cord has an extensive interaction with the capillary network in the form of a blood spinal cord barrier to ensure homeostatic control of the spinal cord neuron milieu. However, there is an extensive appreciation that disturbances in the blood spinal cord barrier contribute to the onset of chronic pain. Enhanced vascular permeability and impaired blood perfusion have both been highlighted as contributors to chronic pain manifestation. Here, we discuss the evidence that demonstrates alterations in the blood spinal cord barrier influences nociceptive processing and perception of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Younis
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Lydia Hardowar
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Sarah Barker
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Richard Philip Hulse
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
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24
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Wonnacott A, Denby L, Coward RJM, Fraser DJ, Bowen T. MicroRNAs and their delivery in diabetic fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114045. [PMID: 34767865 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus was estimated to be 463 million people in 2019 and is predicted to rise to 700 million by 2045. The associated financial and societal costs of this burgeoning epidemic demand an understanding of the pathology of this disease, and its complications, that will inform treatment to enable improved patient outcomes. Nearly two decades after the sequencing of the human genome, the significance of noncoding RNA expression is still being assessed. The family of functional noncoding RNAs known as microRNAs regulates the expression of most genes encoded by the human genome. Altered microRNA expression profiles have been observed both in diabetes and in diabetic complications. These transcripts therefore have significant potential and novelty as targets for therapy, therapeutic agents and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Wonnacott
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Laura Denby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Richard J M Coward
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Donald J Fraser
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Timothy Bowen
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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25
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Fu J, Shinjo T, Li Q, St-Louis R, Park K, Yu MG, Yokomizo H, Simao F, Huang Q, Wu IH, King GL. Regenerating glomerular metabolism and function by podocyte pyruvate kinase M2 in diabetic nephropathy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155260. [PMID: 35133981 PMCID: PMC8983139 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) arises from systemic and local changes in glucose metabolism and hemodynamics. We have reported that many glycolytic and mitochondrial enzymes, such as pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), were elevated in renal glomeruli of DN-protected type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Here, mice with PKM2-specific overexpression in podocytes (PPKM2Tg) were generated to uncover its renal protective function as potential therapeutic target, which prevented elevated albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), mesangial expansion, basement membrane thickness and podocyte foot process effacement after 7-months of STZ-induced diabetes. Further, diabetes-induced impairment of glycolytic rate and mitochondrial function were normalized in diabetic PPKM2Tg glomeruli, in concordance with elevated Ppargc1a and Vegf expressions. Restored VEGF expression improved glomerular maximal mitochondrial function in diabetic PPKM2Tg and WT mice. Elevated VEGF levels were observed in the glomeruli of DN-protected patients with chronic type 1 diabetes, and clinically correlated with estimated GFR, but not glycemic control. Mechanistically, the preservations of mitochondrial function and VEGF expression were dependent on tetrameric structure and enzymatic activities of PKM2 in podocyte. These findings demonstrated that PKM2 structure and enzymatic activation in podocytes can preserve entire glomerular mitochondrial function against toxicity of hyperglycemia via paracrine factors such as VEGF and prevent DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Fu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Qian Li
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Ronald St-Louis
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Kyoungmin Park
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Marc G Yu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Hisashi Yokomizo
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Fabricio Simao
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Qian Huang
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - I-Hsien Wu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - George L King
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
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26
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Nizamundeen ZA, ElSaboni L, Vetch G, Karim J, Neal CR, Allen CL, Bates DO, Arkill KP. Transmission Electron Microscopy of Endothelium. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2441:95-103. [PMID: 35099731 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2059-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy using resin sections still remains an exceptionally useful tool in evaluating cellular ultrastucture within tissue. For the endothelium the best method for maintaining such structure is perfusion fixation: fixing the tissue under physiological pressure. Here the focus is on a method of maintaining the vascular wall structure including the endothelial glycocalyx and extending this with tilt series tomography. Shown are typical histological sections from multiple capillary beds including brain, heart and retina using a lanthanide staining technique (LaDy GAGa) to highlight that the differences in normo-physiology are substantial.It is hoped that users will find the notes useful in deciding which specific staining and imaging method would suit their needs so this technically challenging, and low throughput methodology, is used to its best effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmed Nizamundeen
- Tumour and Vascular Biology Laboratories, Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Loubna ElSaboni
- Tumour and Vascular Biology Laboratories, Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Grace Vetch
- Tumour and Vascular Biology Laboratories, Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jumana Karim
- Tumour and Vascular Biology Laboratories, Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chris R Neal
- Wolfson BioImaging, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - David O Bates
- Tumour and Vascular Biology Laboratories, Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kenton P Arkill
- Tumour and Vascular Biology Laboratories, Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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27
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Role of Endothelial Glucocorticoid Receptor in the Pathogenesis of Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413295. [PMID: 34948091 PMCID: PMC8706765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids, as multifunctional hormones, are widely used in the treatment of various diseases including nephrological disorders. They are known to affect immunological cells, effectively treating many autoimmune and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, there is a growing body of evidence demonstrating the potent role of glucocorticoids in non-immune cells such as podocytes. Moreover, novel data show additional pathways and processes affected by glucocorticoids, such as the Wnt pathway or autophagy. The endothelium is currently considered as a key organ in the regulation of numerous kidney functions such as glomerular filtration, vascular tone and the regulation of inflammation and coagulation. In this review, we analyse the literature concerning the effects of endothelial glucocorticoid receptor signalling on kidney function in health and disease, with special focus on hypertension, diabetic kidney disease, glomerulopathies and chronic kidney disease. Recent studies demonstrate the potential role of endothelial GR in the prevention of fibrosis of kidney tissue and cell metabolism through Wnt pathways, which could have a protective effect against disease progression. Another important aspect covered in this review is blood pressure regulation though GR and eNOS. We also briefly cover potential therapies that might affect the endothelial glucocorticoid receptor and its possible clinical implications, with special interest in selective or local GR stimulation and potential mitigation of GC treatment side effects.
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28
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Kornacki J, Gutaj P, Kalantarova A, Sibiak R, Jankowski M, Wender-Ozegowska E. Endothelial Dysfunction in Pregnancy Complications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1756. [PMID: 34944571 PMCID: PMC8698592 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium, which constitutes the inner layer of blood vessels and lymphatic structures, plays an important role in various physiological functions. Alterations in structure, integrity and function of the endothelial layer during pregnancy have been associated with numerous gestational complications, including clinically significant disorders, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and diabetes. While numerous experimental studies have focused on establishing the role of endothelial dysfunction in pathophysiology of these gestational complications, their mechanisms remain unknown. Numerous biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction have been proposed, together with the mechanisms by which they relate to individual gestational complications. However, more studies are required to determine clinically relevant markers specific to a gestational complication of interest, as currently most of them present a significant overlap. Although the independent diagnostic value of such markers remains to be insufficient for implementation in standard clinical practice at the moment, inclusion of certain markers in predictive multifactorial models can improve their prognostic value. The future of the research in this field lies in the fine tuning of the clinical markers to be used, as well as identifying possible therapeutic techniques to prevent or reverse endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kornacki
- Department of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.); (E.W.-O.)
| | - Paweł Gutaj
- Department of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.); (E.W.-O.)
| | - Anastasia Kalantarova
- Medicine Program, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 41 Jackowskiego Street, 60-512 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Rafał Sibiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Maurycy Jankowski
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ewa Wender-Ozegowska
- Department of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.); (E.W.-O.)
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29
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Asai A, Hatayama N, Kamiya K, Yamauchi M, Kinashi H, Yamaguchi M, Katsuno T, Nobata H, Watanabe K, Wakatsuki A, Aten J, Maruyama S, Ishimoto T, Hirai S, Naito M, Ito Y. Roles of glomerular endothelial hyaluronan in the development of proteinuria. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15019. [PMID: 34472715 PMCID: PMC8411502 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells are covered with glycocalyx comprising heparan sulfate, hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, and associated proteins. Glomerular endothelial glycocalyx is involved in protecting against induction of proteinuria and structural damage, but the specific components in glycocalyx that represent therapeutic targets remain unclear. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is associated with an increased risk of glomerular endothelial injury. This study investigated whether hyaluronan could provide a therapeutic target to protect against proteinuria. We conducted ex vivo and in vivo experiments to explore the effects of degrading glomerular hyaluronan by administering hyaluronidase and of supplementation with hyaluronan. We investigated hyaluronan expression using biotin-labeled hyaluronan-binding protein (HABP) in human kidney specimens or serum hyaluronan in endothelial injuries under inhibition of VEGF signaling. We directly demonstrated hyaluronan in glomerular endothelial layers using HABP staining. Ex vivo and in vivo experiments showed the development of proteinuria after digestion of hyaluronan in glomerular capillaries. Supplementation with hyaluronan after hyaluronidase treatment suppressed proteinuria. Mice in the in vivo study developed albuminuria after intraperitoneal injection of hyaluronidase with decreased glomerular hyaluronan and increased serum hyaluronan. In human kidneys with endothelial cell dysfunction and proteinuria due to inhibition of VEGF, glomerular expression of hyaluronan was reduced even in normal-appearing glomeruli. Serum hyaluronan levels were elevated in patients with pre-eclampsia with VEGF signaling inhibition. Our data suggest that hyaluronan itself plays crucial roles in preventing proteinuria and preserving the integrity of endothelial cells. Hyaluronan could provide a therapeutic target for preventing glomerular endothelial glycocalyx damage, including VEGF signaling inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimasa Asai
- Department of Nephrology and RheumatologyAichi Medical UniversityNagakuteAichiJapan
| | - Naoyuki Hatayama
- Department of AnatomyAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteAichiJapan
| | - Keisuke Kamiya
- Department of Nephrology and RheumatologyAichi Medical UniversityNagakuteAichiJapan
| | - Mai Yamauchi
- Department of Nephrology and RheumatologyAichi Medical UniversityNagakuteAichiJapan
| | - Hiroshi Kinashi
- Department of Nephrology and RheumatologyAichi Medical UniversityNagakuteAichiJapan
| | - Makoto Yamaguchi
- Department of Nephrology and RheumatologyAichi Medical UniversityNagakuteAichiJapan
| | - Takayuki Katsuno
- Department of Nephrology and RheumatologyAichi Medical UniversityNagakuteAichiJapan
| | - Hironobu Nobata
- Department of Nephrology and RheumatologyAichi Medical UniversityNagakuteAichiJapan
| | - Kazushi Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAichi Medical UniversityNagakuteAichiJapan
| | - Akihiko Wakatsuki
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAichi Medical UniversityNagakuteAichiJapan
| | - Jan Aten
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC) University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of NephrologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaAichiJapan
| | - Takuji Ishimoto
- Department of NephrologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaAichiJapan
| | - Shuichi Hirai
- Department of AnatomyAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteAichiJapan
| | - Munekazu Naito
- Department of AnatomyAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteAichiJapan
| | - Yasuhiko Ito
- Department of Nephrology and RheumatologyAichi Medical UniversityNagakuteAichiJapan
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30
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Hu Z, Cano I, D’Amore PA. Update on the Role of the Endothelial Glycocalyx in Angiogenesis and Vascular Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:734276. [PMID: 34532323 PMCID: PMC8438194 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.734276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is a negatively charged, carbohydrate-rich structure that arises from the luminal surface of the vascular endothelium and is comprised of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The glycocalyx, which sits at the interface between the endothelium and the blood, is involved in a wide array of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including as a mechanotransducer and as a regulator of inflammation. Most recently, components of the glycocalyx have been shown to play a key role in controlling angiogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure and function of the endothelial glycocalyx. We focus on its role and functions in vascular inflammation and angiogenesis and discuss the important unanswered questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Hu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Issahy Cano
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patricia A. D’Amore
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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31
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Cornelius VA, Fulton JR, Margariti A. Alternative Splicing: A Key Mediator of Diabetic Vasculopathy. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1332. [PMID: 34573314 PMCID: PMC8469645 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death amongst diabetic individuals. Atherosclerosis is the prominent driver of diabetic vascular complications, which is triggered by the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress on the vasculature. Research has extensively shown diabetes to result in the malfunction of the endothelium, the main component of blood vessels, causing severe vascular complications. The pathogenic mechanism in which diabetes induces vascular dysfunction, however, remains largely unclear. Alternative splicing of protein coding pre-mRNAs is an essential regulatory mechanism of gene expression and is accepted to be intertwined with cellular physiology. Recently, a role for alternative splicing has arisen within vascular health, with aberrant mis-splicing having a critical role in disease development, including in atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the current knowledge of alternative splicing and the roles of alternatively spliced isoforms within the vasculature, with a particular focus on disease states. Furthermore, we explore the recent elucidation of the alternatively spliced QKI gene within vascular cell physiology and the onset of diabetic vasculopathy. Potential therapeutic strategies to restore aberrant splicing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andriana Margariti
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (V.A.C.); (J.R.F.)
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Liu J, Xu J, Huang J, Gu C, Liu Q, Zhang W, Gao F, Tian Y, Miao X, Zhu Z, Jia B, Tian Y, Wu L, Zhao H, Feng X, Liu S. TRIM27 contributes to glomerular endothelial cell injury in lupus nephritis by mediating the FoxO1 signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2021; 101:983-997. [PMID: 33854173 PMCID: PMC8044289 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing 27 (TRIM27) belongs to the triple motif (TRIM) protein family, which plays a role in a variety of biological activities. Our previous study showed that the TRIM27 protein was highly expressed in the glomerular endothelial cells of patients suffering from lupus nephritis (LN). However, whether TRIM27 is involved in the injury of glomerular endothelial cells in lupus nephritis remains to be clarified. Here, we detected the expression of the TRIM27 protein in glomerular endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the influence of TRIM27 knockdown on endothelial cell damage in MRL/lpr mice and cultured human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) was explored. The results revealed that the expression of TRIM27 in endothelial cells was significantly enhanced in vivo and in vitro. Downregulating the expression of TRIM27 inhibited the breakdown of the glycocalyx and the injury of endothelial cells via the FoxO1 pathway. Moreover, HRGECs transfected with the WT-FoxO1 plasmid showed a reduction in impairment caused by LN plasma. Furthermore, suppression of the protein kinase B (Akt) pathway could attenuate damage by mediating the expression of TRIM27. Thus, the present study showed that TRIM27 participated in the injury of glomerular endothelial cells and served as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxi Liu
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cunyang Gu
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingjuan Liu
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuexin Tian
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinyan Miao
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zixuan Zhu
- Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baiyun Jia
- Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lunbi Wu
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Feng
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Shuxia Liu
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Upcin B, Henke E, Kleefeldt F, Hoffmann H, Rosenwald A, Irmak-Sav S, Aktas HB, Rückschloß U, Ergün S. Contribution of Adventitia-Derived Stem and Progenitor Cells to New Vessel Formation in Tumors. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071719. [PMID: 34359889 PMCID: PMC8304670 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking tumor vascularization has not yet come to fruition to the extent it was hoped for, as angiogenesis inhibitors have shown only partial success in the clinic. We hypothesized that under-appreciated vascular wall-resident stem and progenitor cells (VW-SPCs) might be involved in tumor vascularization and influence effectiveness of anti-angiogenic therapy. Indeed, in patient samples, we observed that vascular adventitia-resident CD34+ VW-SPCs are recruited to tumors in situ from co-opted vessels. To elucidate this in detail, we established an ex vivo model using concomitant embedding of multi-cellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) and mouse aortic rings (ARs) into collagen gels, similar to the so-called aortic ring assay (ARA). Moreover, ARA was modified by removing the ARs’ adventitia that harbors VW-SPCs. Thus, this model enabled distinguishing the contribution of VW-SPCs from that of mature endothelial cells (ECs) to new vessel formation. Our results show that the formation of capillary-like sprouts is considerably delayed, and their number and network formation were significantly reduced by removing the adventitia. Substituting iPSC-derived neural spheroids for MCTS resulted in distinct sprouting patterns that were also strongly influenced by the presence or absence of VW-SPCs, also underlying the involvement of these cells in non-pathological vascularization. Our data suggest that more comprehensive approaches are needed in order to block all of the mechanisms contributing to tumor vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berin Upcin
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Erik Henke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Florian Kleefeldt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Helene Hoffmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Ster Irmak-Sav
- Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Huseyin Bertal Aktas
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Uwe Rückschloß
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-31-82701
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Lee YN, Wu YJ, Lee HI, Wang HH, Chang CY, Tien TY, Lin CF, Su CH, Yeh HI. Ultrasonic microbubble VEGF gene delivery improves angiogenesis of senescent endothelial progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13449. [PMID: 34188086 PMCID: PMC8242093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of ultrasonic microbubble transfection (UMT)-based vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) gene delivery on young and senescent endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were investigated. By UMT, plasmid DNA (pDNA) can be delivered into both young EPCs and senescent EPCs. In the UMT groups, higher pDNA-derived protein expression was found in senescent EPCs than in young EPCs. Consistent with this finding, a higher intracellular level of pDNA copy number was detected in senescent EPCs, with a peak at the 2-h time point post UMT. Ultrasonic microbubble delivery with or without VEGF improved the angiogenic properties, including the proliferation and/or migration activities, of senescent EPCs. Supernatants from young and senescent EPCs subjected to UMT-mediated VEGF transfection enhanced the proliferation and migration of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), and the supernatant of senescent EPCs enhanced proliferation more strongly than the supernatant from young EPCs. In the UMT groups, the stronger enhancing effect of the supernatant from senescent cells on HAEC proliferation was consistent with the higher intracellular VEGF pDNA copy number and level of protein production per cell in the supernatant from senescent cells in comparison to the supernatant from young EPCs. Given that limitations for cell therapies are the inadequate number of transplanted cells and/or insufficient cell angiogenesis, these findings provide a foundation for enhancing the therapeutic angiogenic effect of cell therapy with senescent EPCs in ischaemic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Lee
- Cardiovascular Center, Departments of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Rd., Taipei City, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Jer Wu
- Cardiovascular Center, Departments of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Rd., Taipei City, 10449, Taiwan.,Mackay Medical College, No.46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Lee
- Cardiovascular Center, Departments of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Rd., Taipei City, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Hsiao Wang
- Mackay Medical College, No.46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yin Chang
- Cardiovascular Center, Departments of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Rd., Taipei City, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Tien
- Cardiovascular Center, Departments of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Rd., Taipei City, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Feng Lin
- Cardiovascular Center, Departments of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Rd., Taipei City, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Huang Su
- Cardiovascular Center, Departments of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Rd., Taipei City, 10449, Taiwan. .,Mackay Medical College, No.46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-I Yeh
- Cardiovascular Center, Departments of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Rd., Taipei City, 10449, Taiwan.,Mackay Medical College, No.46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Mukai S, Takaki T, Nagumo T, Sano M, Kang D, Takimoto M, Honda K. Three-dimensional electron microscopy for endothelial glycocalyx observation using Alcian blue with silver enhancement. Med Mol Morphol 2021; 54:95-107. [PMID: 33025157 PMCID: PMC8139922 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-020-00267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycocalyx (GCX) is a thin layer of negatively charged glycoproteins that covers the vascular endothelial surface and regulates various biological processes. Because of the delicate and fragile properties of this structure, it is difficult to detect GCX morphologically. We established a simple method for a three-dimensional visualization of endothelial GCX using low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections. Mouse kidney tissue was fixed with 10% buffered formalin containing 1% Alcian blue (ALB) via perfusion and immersion. FFPE sections were observed by light microscopy (LM) and LVSEM, and formalin-fixed epoxy resin-embedded ultrathin sections were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The endothelial GCX from various levels of kidney blood vessels was stained blue in LM and confirmed as a thin osmiophilic layer in TEM. In LVSEM, the sections stained by periodic acid methenamine silver (PAM) revealed the endothelial GCX as a layer of dense silver-enhanced particles, in both the samples fixed via perfusion and immersion. Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) revealed the fine visible structure of endothelial GCX. This simple method using FFPE samples with ALB will enable the three-dimensional evaluation of endothelial GCX alterations in various human diseases associated with endothelial injury in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Mukai
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Takaki
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
- Division of Electron Microscopy, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tasuku Nagumo
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Sano
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Dedong Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takimoto
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuho Honda
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
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Star E, Stevens M, Gooding C, Smith CWJ, Li L, Ayine ML, Harper SJ, Bates DO, Oltean S. A drug-repositioning screen using splicing-sensitive fluorescent reporters identifies novel modulators of VEGF-A splicing with anti-angiogenic properties. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:36. [PMID: 33941763 PMCID: PMC8093282 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) terminal exon generates two protein families with differing functions. Pro-angiogenic VEGF-Axxxa isoforms are produced via selection of the proximal 3' splice site of the terminal exon. Use of an alternative distal splice site generates the anti-angiogenic VEGF-Axxxb proteins. A bichromatic splicing-sensitive reporter was designed to mimic VEGF-A alternative splicing and was used as a molecular tool to further investigate this alternative splicing event. Part of VEGF-A's terminal exon and preceding intron were inserted into a minigene construct followed by the coding sequences for two fluorescent proteins. A different fluorescent protein is expressed depending on which 3' splice site of the exon is used during splicing (dsRED denotes VEGF-Axxxa and EGFP denotes VEGF-Axxxb). The fluorescent output can be used to follow splicing decisions in vitro and in vivo. Following successful reporter validation in different cell lines and altering splicing using known modulators, a screen was performed using the LOPAC library of small molecules. Alterations to reporter splicing were measured using a fluorescent plate reader to detect dsRED and EGFP expression. Compounds of interest were further validated using flow cytometry and assessed for effects on endogenous VEGF-A alternative splicing at the mRNA and protein level. Ex vivo and in vitro angiogenesis assays were used to demonstrate the anti-angiogenic effect of the compounds. Furthermore, anti-angiogenic activity was investigated in a Matrigel in vivo model. To conclude, we have identified a set of compounds that have anti-angiogenic activity through modulation of VEGF-A terminal exon splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Star
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Megan Stevens
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Clare Gooding
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW UK
| | - Christopher W. J. Smith
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW UK
| | - Ling Li
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Monica Lamici Ayine
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Steve J. Harper
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - David O. Bates
- grid.415598.40000 0004 0641 4263Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, West Block, D floor, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
| | - Sebastian Oltean
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
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Mahtal N, Lenoir O, Tharaux PL. Glomerular Endothelial Cell Crosstalk With Podocytes in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:659013. [PMID: 33842514 PMCID: PMC8024520 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.659013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the main cause of renal failure worldwide. Complications of the kidney micro-and macro-circulation are common in diabetic patients, leading to proteinuria and can progress to end-stage renal disease. Across the complex interplays aggravating diabetes kidney disease progression, lesions of the glomerular filtration barrier appear crucial. Among its components, glomerular endothelial cells are known to be central safeguards of plasma filtration. An array of evidence has recently pinpointed its intricate relations with podocytes, highly specialized pericytes surrounding glomerular capillaries. During diabetic nephropathy, endothelial cells and podocytes are stressed and damaged. Besides, each can communicate with the other, directly affecting the progression of glomerular injury. Here, we review recent studies showing how in vitro and in vivo studies help to understand pathological endothelial cells-podocytes crosstalk in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Mahtal
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Center, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Center, Inserm, Paris, France
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Okamura T, Nakajima H, Hashimoto Y, Majima S, Senmaru T, Ushigome E, Nakanishi N, Hamaguchi M, Asano M, Yamazaki M, Takakuwa H, Fukui M. Low circulating arachidonic acid is associated with macroalbuminuria in diabetic patients: a cross-sectional examination of the KAMOGAWA-DM cohort study. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:68. [PMID: 33622285 PMCID: PMC7903748 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy, a major complication of diabetes, is the primary risk factor for dialysis, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality. Dietary fatty acids (FAs) have been revealed to be related with cardiovascular diseases in the general populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of circulating FAs with diabetic nephropathy. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 190 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes were included. Circulating FAs were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to investigate the association between the logarithm of FAs and the logarithm of urinary albumin excretion (UAE). We have performed logistic regression analysis to determine the effect of FAs on the presence of macroalbuminuria, defined as UAE value ≥300 mg/g creatinine. RESULTS Mean age, body mass index, and duration of diabetes were 62.7 ± 12.1 years, 25.0 ± 4.5 kg/m2, and 9.8 ± 8.7 years, respectively. In total, 26 patients were diagnosed with macroalbuminuria. The logarithm of circulating arachidonic acid (AA) was negatively associated with the logarithm of UAE (r = - 0.221, p = 0.002). Additionally, circulating AA in patients with macroalbuminuria was lower than that in patients without macroalbuminuria (112.3 ± 75.3 mg/day vs. 164.8 ± 66.0 mg/day, p < 0.001). The logarithm of circulating AA was associated with the presence of macroalbuminuria after adjusting for covariates (odds ratio of Δ1 incremental: 0.32, 95% confidence interval: 0.10-0.99, p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS Circulating AA was negatively associated with UAE and the presence of macroalbuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Okamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hanako Nakajima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Saori Majima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takafumi Senmaru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Emi Ushigome
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakanishi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mai Asano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takakuwa
- Agilent Technologies, Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Sales Department, Life Science and Applied Markets Group, Tokyo, 192-8510, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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Gil CL, Hooker E, Larrivée B. Diabetic Kidney Disease, Endothelial Damage, and Podocyte-Endothelial Crosstalk. Kidney Med 2021; 3:105-115. [PMID: 33604542 PMCID: PMC7873832 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-related complications are a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetic kidney disease is a frequent microvascular complication and a primary cause of kidney failure in patients with diabetes. The glomerular filtration barrier is composed of 3 layers: the endothelium, glomerular basement membrane, and podocytes. Podocytes and the endothelium communicate through molecular crosstalk to maintain filtration at the glomerular filtration barrier. Chronic hyperglycemia affects all 3 layers of the glomerular filtration barrier, as well as the molecular crosstalk that occurs between the 2 cellular layers. One of the earliest events following chronic hyperglycemia is endothelial cell dysfunction. Early endothelial damage is associated with progression of diabetic kidney disease. However, current therapies are based in controlling glycemia and arterial blood pressure without targeting endothelial dysfunction. Disruption of the endothelial cell layer also alters the molecular crosstalk that occurs between the endothelium and podocytes. This review discusses both the physiologic and pathologic communication that occurs at the glomerular filtration barrier. It examines how these signaling components contribute to podocyte foot effacement, podocyte detachment, and the progression of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Lora Gil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Erika Hooker
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bruno Larrivée
- Department of Ophtalmology, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Lehtonen S. Metformin Protects against Podocyte Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120452. [PMID: 33321755 PMCID: PMC7764076 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the most commonly prescribed drug for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Its mechanisms of action have been under extensive investigation, revealing that it has multiple cellular targets, either direct or indirect ones, via which it regulates numerous cellular pathways. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the serious complication of T2D, develops in up to 50% of the individuals with T2D. Various mechanisms contribute to the development of DKD, including hyperglycaemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation, altered autophagic activity and insulin resistance, among others. Metformin has been shown to affect these pathways, and thus, it could slow down or prevent the progression of DKD. Despite several animal studies demonstrating the renoprotective effects of metformin, there is no concrete evidence in clinical settings. This review summarizes the renoprotective effects of metformin in experimental settings. Special emphasis is on the effects of metformin on podocytes, the glomerular epithelial cells that are central in maintaining the glomerular ultrafiltration function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Lehtonen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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41
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Li Z, Wu N, Wang J, Zhang Q. Roles of Endovascular Calyx Related Enzymes in Endothelial Dysfunction and Diabetic Vascular Complications. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:590614. [PMID: 33328998 PMCID: PMC7734331 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.590614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the number of diabetic patients has rapidly increased. Diabetic vascular complications seriously affect people’s quality of life. Studies found that endothelial dysfunction precedes the vascular complications of diabetes. Endothelial dysfunction is related to glycocalyx degradation on the surface of blood vessels. Heparanase (HPSE), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), hyaluronidase (HYAL), hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS), and neuraminidase (NEU) are related to glycocalyx degradation. Therefore, we reviewed the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and the vascular complications of diabetes from the perspective of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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42
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Dardente H, English WR, Valluru MK, Kanthou C, Simpson D. Debunking the Myth of the Endogenous Antiangiogenic Vegfaxxxb Transcripts. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:398-409. [PMID: 32396842 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this opinion article we critically assess evidence for the existence of a family of antiangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegfaxxxb) transcripts, arising from the use of a phylogenetically conserved alternative distal splice site within exon 8 of the VEGFA gene. We explain that prior evidence for Vegfaxxxb transcripts in tissues rests heavily upon flawed RT-PCR methodologies, with the extensive use of 5'-tailing in primer design being the main issue. Furthermore, our analysis of large RNA-seq data sets (human and ovine) fails to identify a single Vegfaxxxb transcript. Therefore, we challenge the very existence of Vegfaxxxb transcripts, which further questions the physiological relevance of studies based on the use of 'anti-VEGFAxxxb' antibodies. Our analysis has implications for the proposed therapeutic use of isoform-specific anti-VEGFA strategies for treating cancer and retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Dardente
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - William R English
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Tumour Microcirculation Group, University of Sheffield, School of Medicine, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Manoj K Valluru
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Tumour Microcirculation Group, University of Sheffield, School of Medicine, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Chryso Kanthou
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Tumour Microcirculation Group, University of Sheffield, School of Medicine, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - David Simpson
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
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43
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Ramnath RD, Butler MJ, Newman G, Desideri S, Russell A, Lay AC, Neal CR, Qiu Y, Fawaz S, Onions KL, Gamez M, Crompton M, Michie C, Finch N, Coward RJ, Welsh GI, Foster RR, Satchell SC. Blocking matrix metalloproteinase-mediated syndecan-4 shedding restores the endothelial glycocalyx and glomerular filtration barrier function in early diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2020; 97:951-965. [PMID: 32037077 PMCID: PMC7184681 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is a key component of the glomerular filtration barrier. We have shown that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated syndecan 4 shedding is a mechanism of glomerular endothelial glycocalyx damage in vitro, resulting in increased albumin permeability. Here we sought to determine whether this mechanism is important in early diabetic kidney disease, by studying streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in DBA2/J mice. Diabetic mice were albuminuric, had increased glomerular albumin permeability and endothelial glycocalyx damage. Syndecan 4 mRNA expression was found to be upregulated in isolated glomeruli and in flow cytometry-sorted glomerular endothelial cells. In contrast, glomerular endothelial luminal surface syndecan 4 and Marasmium oreades agglutinin lectin labelling measurements were reduced in the diabetic mice. Similarly, syndecan 4 protein expression was significantly decreased in isolated glomeruli but increased in plasma and urine, suggesting syndecan 4 shedding. Mmp-2, 9 and 14 mRNA expression were upregulated in isolated glomeruli, suggesting a possible mechanism of glycocalyx damage and albuminuria. We therefore characterised in detail the activity of MMP-2 and 9 and found significant increases in kidney cortex, plasma and urine. Treatment with MMP-2/9 inhibitor I for 21 days, started six weeks after diabetes induction, restored endothelial glycocalyx depth and coverage and attenuated diabetes-induced albuminuria and reduced glomerular albumin permeability. MMP inhibitor treatment significantly attenuated glomerular endothelial and plasma syndecan 4 shedding and inhibited plasma MMP activity. Thus, our studies confirm the importance of MMPs in endothelial glycocalyx damage and albuminuria in early diabetes and demonstrate that this pathway is amenable to therapeutic intervention. Hence, treatments targeted at glycocalyx protection by MMP inhibition may be of benefit in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina D Ramnath
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew J Butler
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Newman
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Desideri
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Russell
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail C Lay
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chris R Neal
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Qiu
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Fawaz
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Karen L Onions
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Gamez
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Crompton
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Michie
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Finch
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Coward
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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44
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Desideri S, Onions KL, Baker SL, Gamez M, El Hegni E Hussien H, Russell A, Satchell SC, Foster RR. Endothelial glycocalyx restoration by growth factors in diabetic nephropathy. Biorheology 2020; 56:163-179. [PMID: 31156139 DOI: 10.3233/bir-180199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (eGlx) constitutes the first barrier to protein in all blood vessels. This is particularly noteworthy in the renal glomerulus, an ultrafiltration barrier. Leakage of protein, such as albumin, across glomerular capillaries results in albumin in the urine (albuminuria). This is a hall mark of kidney disease and can reflect loss of blood vessel integrity in microvascular beds elsewhere. We discuss evidence demonstrating that targeted damage to the glomerular eGlx results in increased glomerular albumin permeability. EGlx is lost in diabetes and experimental models demonstrate loss from glomerular endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)A is upregulated in early diabetes, which is associated with albuminuria. Treatment with paracrine growth factors such as VEGFC, VEGF165b and angiopoietin-1 can modify VEGFA signalling, rescue albumin permeability and restore glomerular eGlx in models of diabetes. Manipulation of VEGF receptor 2 signalling, or a common eGlx biosynthesis pathway by these growth factors, may protect and restore the eGlx layer. This would help to direct future therapeutics in diabetic nephropathy.
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Key Words
- Endothelial glycocalyx, diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, VEGF, VEGFC, VEGFA, VEGF165b, angiopoietin-1, vascular permeability, glomerulus, glomerular permeability
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Desideri
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Karen L Onions
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Siân L Baker
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Monica Gamez
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Hesham El Hegni E Hussien
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Amy Russell
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Simon C Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
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Endothelial Glycocalyx Impairment in Disease: Focus on Hyaluronan Shedding. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:768-780. [PMID: 32035885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix. It is present in the endothelial glycocalyx covering the apical surface of endothelial cells. The endothelial glycocalyx regulates blood vessel permeability and homeostasis. HA plays a central role in numerous functions of the endothelial surface layer, protecting the endothelial cells, regulating the barrier permeability, and ensuring mechanosensing, which is essential to nitric oxide production and flow-induced vasodilation. During acute injury, inflammatory conditions, or many other pathologic conditions, the endothelial glycocalyx is damaged, and its degradation is accompanied by shedding of one or more glycocalyx components into the blood. Syndecan-1, heparan sulfate, and HA are the main components whose shedding has been claimed to represent the endothelial glycocalyx state of health. This review focuses on endothelial glycocalyx HA and highlights its key roles in the functions of the endothelial glycocalyx, its shedding in several pathologic conditions such as sepsis, diabetes, chronic and acute kidney injury, ischemia/reperfusion, atherosclerosis, and inflammation, which are all accompanied by increased circulating HA levels. Plasma/serum HA level is becoming recognized as a biomarker of endothelial glycocalyx damage in select pathologies. Hyaluronidase, the main HA-degrading enzyme, and its involvement in the impairment of endothelial glycocalyx are also addressed.
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Butler MJ, Down CJ, Foster RR, Satchell SC. The Pathological Relevance of Increased Endothelial Glycocalyx Permeability. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:742-751. [PMID: 32035881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is a vital regulator of vascular permeability. Damage to this delicate layer can result in increased protein and water transit. The clinical importance of albuminuria as a predictor of kidney disease progression and vascular disease has driven research in this area. This review outlines how research to date has attempted to measure the contribution of the endothelial glycocalyx to vessel wall permeability. We discuss the evidence for the role of the endothelial glycocalyx in regulating permeability in discrete areas of the vasculature and highlight the inherent limitations of the data that have been produced to date. In particular, this review emphasizes the difficulties in interpreting urinary albumin levels in early disease models. In addition, the research that supports the view that glycocalyx damage is a key pathologic step in a diverse array of clinical conditions, including diabetic complications, sepsis, preeclampsia, and atherosclerosis, is summarized. Finally, novel methods are discussed, including an ex vivo glomerular permeability assay that enhances the understanding of permeability changes in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Butler
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Colin J Down
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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47
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Lehtonen S. SHIPping out diabetes-Metformin, an old friend among new SHIP2 inhibitors. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13349. [PMID: 31342643 PMCID: PMC6916339 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SHIP2 (Src homology 2 domain‐containing inositol 5′‐phosphatase 2) belongs to the family of 5′‐phosphatases. It regulates the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)‐mediated insulin signalling cascade by dephosphorylating the 5′‐position of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 to generate PtdIns(3,4)P2, suppressing the activity of the pathway. SHIP2 mouse models and genetic studies in human propose that increased expression or activity of SHIP2 contributes to the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. This has raised great interest to identify SHIP2 inhibitors that could be used to design new treatments for metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the central mechanisms associated with the development of diabetic kidney disease, including the role of insulin resistance, and then moves on to describe the function of SHIP2 as a regulator of metabolism in mouse models. Finally, the identification of SHIP2 inhibitors and their effects on metabolic processes in vitro and in vivo are outlined. One of the newly identified SHIP2 inhibitors is metformin, the first‐line medication prescribed to patients with type 2 diabetes, further boosting the attraction of SHIP2 as a treatment target to ameliorate metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Lehtonen
- Department of Pathology and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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48
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Li X, Yang S, Yan M, Guan N, Li J, Xie Q, Hao C. Interstitial HIF1A induces an estimated glomerular filtration rate decline through potentiating renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Life Sci 2019; 241:117109. [PMID: 31786195 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to identify interstitial molecules that were responsible for the deterioration of the esiantimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in diabetic nephropathy (DN). MATERIALS AND METHODS Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to link the tubulointerstitial gene expression profile of DN to eGFR values. The relationship of eGFR with each sub-domain regulator in the network was analyzed with the linear regression model. Gene sets enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to detect the molecular changes mostly relating to the essential regulators. KEY FINDINGS Four co-expression modules were found strongly correlating with eGFR values. Genes from these modules were over-represented in fibrosis-related biological processes (extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and cell adhesion) and pathways (integrin signaling and ECM-receptor interaction). Of sub-domains in the gene interaction network, the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1A (HIF1A) was most negatively correlated with eGFR (R2 = 0.417, P = 0.026). The positive correlations between HIF1A and its target genes were found, indicating an enhanced transcriptional activity of HIF1A. We also found that HIF1A positively correlated with CCAAT enhancer binding protein delta (CEBPD) (r = 0.731, P = 0.011), an activator of HIF1A transcription. Moreover, GSEA showed that samples with high HIF1A expression were enriched with fibrosis associated signaling, like ECM-receptor interaction and cell adhesion. Intriguingly, vascular epithelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression decreased while HIF1A increased (R2 = 0.733, P = 0.001), suggesting VEGFA loss may exacerbate hypoxia and stimulate HIF1A induction. SIGNIFICANCE The present study suggested that interstitial HIF1A may be involved in renal interstitial fibrosis in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Sisi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Minhua Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Nan Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qionghong Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chuanming Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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49
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Kornacki J, Wirstlein P, Wender-Ozegowska E. Levels of syndecan-1 and hyaluronan in early- and late-onset preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2019; 18:108-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2019.08.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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50
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Hernandez-Diaz I, Pan J, Ricciardi CA, Bai X, Ke J, White KE, Flaquer M, Fouli GE, Argunhan F, Hayward AE, Hou FF, Mann GE, Miao RQ, Long DA, Gnudi L. Overexpression of Circulating Soluble Nogo-B Improves Diabetic Kidney Disease by Protecting the Vasculature. Diabetes 2019; 68:1841-1852. [PMID: 31217174 PMCID: PMC6706276 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Damage to the vasculature is the primary mechanism driving chronic diabetic microvascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy, which manifests as albuminuria. Therefore, treatments that protect the diabetic vasculature have significant therapeutic potential. Soluble neurite outgrowth inhibitor-B (sNogo-B) is a circulating N-terminus isoform of full-length Nogo-B, which plays a key role in vascular remodeling following injury. However, there is currently no information on the role of sNogo-B in the context of diabetic nephropathy. We demonstrate that overexpression of sNogo-B in the circulation ameliorates diabetic kidney disease by reducing albuminuria, hyperfiltration, and abnormal angiogenesis and protecting glomerular capillary structure. Systemic sNogo-B overexpression in diabetic mice also associates with dampening vascular endothelial growth factor-A signaling and reducing endothelial nitric oxide synthase, AKT, and GSK3β phosphorylation. Furthermore, sNogo-B prevented the impairment of tube formation, which occurred when human endothelial cells were exposed to sera from patients with diabetic kidney disease. Collectively, these studies provide the first evidence that sNogo-B protects the vasculature in diabetes and may represent a novel therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Hernandez-Diaz
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Jiaqi Pan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Carlo Alberto Ricciardi
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Xiaoyan Bai
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianting Ke
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Kathryn E White
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Maria Flaquer
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Georgia E Fouli
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Fulye Argunhan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Anthea E Hayward
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | | | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Luigi Gnudi
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K.
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