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Kim HK, Sagayama H, Yoshida T, Oishi K, Nakayama Y, Kimura M, Ono R, Yamada Y. Predictors of Water Turnover in Older Adults: A Doubly Labeled Water- and Triaxial Accelerometer-Based Study. J Nutr 2024; 154:1750-1757. [PMID: 38649093 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water is one of the most essential nutrients for life. The water turnover (WT), total body water (TBW), and total energy expenditure (TEE) can be measured using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. WT and TBW are lower in older adults than in young adults, and the former are susceptible to dehydration, necessitating to identify predictors of the WT in older adults. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to examine the association between WT and physical activity, physical function, and body composition in Japanese adults aged ≥65 y and identify predictors for WT in this population. METHODS This study enrolled 133 older adults (women, n = 61; men, n = 72) aged 65-88 y. WT, TBW, TEE, fat-free mass (FFM), and percent body fat (%Fat) were determined using the DLW method. The fitness age score (FAS) was obtained from 5 physical fitness tests. Physical activity and the step count were assessed using a previously validated triaxial accelerometer. Multiple regression analyses were performed with WT as the dependent variable. RESULTS WT was positively associated with weight, physical activity level (PAL), moderate-vigorous physical activity, and TEE, and negatively associated with sedentary behavior. We examined potential predictors for WT using age, sex, height, weight, FFM, %Fat, TEE, PAL, and FAS in older Japanese adults. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed that age, sex, weight, FFM, TEE, and PAL are the potential predictors of WT in older Japanese adults aged ≥65 y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ki Kim
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kan Oishi
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Nakayama
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Misaka Kimura
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rei Ono
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.
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2
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Pan J, Hu K, Yu X, Li W, Shen Y, Song Z, Guo Y, Yang M, Hu F, Xia Q, Du Z, Wu X. Beneficial associations between outdoor visible greenness at the workplace and metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108327. [PMID: 38157607 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greenness surrounding residential places has been found to significantly reduce the risk of diseases such as hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, it is unclear whether visible greenness exposure at the workplace has any impact on the risk of MetS. METHODS Visible greenness exposure was assessed using a Green View Index (GVI) based on street view images through a convolutional neural network model. We utilized logistic regression to examine the cross-sectional association between GVI and MetS as well as its components among 51,552 adults aged 18-60 in the city of Hangzhou, China, from January 2018 to December 2021. Stratified analyses were conducted by age and sex groups. Furthermore, a scenario analysis was conducted to investigate the risks of having MetS among adults in different GVI scenarios. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 40.1, and 38.5% were women. We found a statistically significant association between GVI and having MetS. Compared to the lowest quartile of GVI, participants in the highest quartile of GVI had a 17% (95% CI: 11-23%) lower odds of having MetS. The protective association was stronger in the males, but we did not observe such differences in different age groups. Furthermore, we found inverse associations between GVI and the odds of hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, obesity, and high levels of FPG. CONCLUSIONS Higher exposure to outdoor visible greenness in the workplace environment might have a protective effect against MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Pan
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kejia Hu
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyan Yu
- Department of Health Management Center and Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujie Shen
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenya Song
- Department of Health Management Center and Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Health Management Center and Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Yang
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Health Management Center and Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China
| | - Qunke Xia
- School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhenhong Du
- School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Hangzhou 310028, China.
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China; The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 China.
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3
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Johnson RJ, Lanaspa MA, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Tolan D, Nakagawa T, Ishimoto T, Andres-Hernando A, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Stenvinkel P. The fructose survival hypothesis for obesity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220230. [PMID: 37482773 PMCID: PMC10363705 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The fructose survival hypothesis proposes that obesity and metabolic disorders may have developed from over-stimulation of an evolutionary-based biologic response (survival switch) that aims to protect animals in advance of crisis. The response is characterized by hunger, thirst, foraging, weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and increased blood pressure. The process is initiated by the ingestion of fructose or by stimulating endogenous fructose production via the polyol pathway. Unlike other nutrients, fructose reduces the active energy (adenosine triphosphate) in the cell, while blocking its regeneration from fat stores. This is mediated by intracellular uric acid, mitochondrial oxidative stress, the inhibition of AMP kinase and stimulation of vasopressin. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is suppressed, and glycolysis stimulated. While this response is aimed to be modest and short-lived, the response in humans is exaggerated due to gain of 'thrifty genes' coupled with a western diet rich in foods that contain or generate fructose. We propose excessive fructose metabolism not only explains obesity but the epidemics of diabetes, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity-associated cancers, vascular and Alzheimer's dementia, and even ageing. Moreover, the hypothesis unites current hypotheses on obesity. Reducing activation and/or blocking this pathway and stimulating mitochondrial regeneration may benefit health-span. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part I)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80016, USA
| | - Miguel A. Lanaspa
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80016, USA
| | - L. Gabriela Sanchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chavez’, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Dean Tolan
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- Department of Nephrology, Rakuwakai-Otowa Hospital, Kyoto 607-8062, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishimoto
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1103, Japan
| | - Ana Andres-Hernando
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80016, USA
| | - Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición ‘Salvador Zubirán’, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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Zhang HZ, Wang DS, Wu SH, Huang GF, Chen DH, Ma HM, Zhang YT, Guo LH, Lin LZ, Gui ZH, Liu RQ, Hu LW, Yang JW, Zhang WJ, Dong GH. The association between childhood adiposity in northeast China and anthropogenic heat flux: A new insight into the comprehensive impact of human activities. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 254:114258. [PMID: 37703624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic heat has been reported to have significant health impacts, but research on its association with childhood adiposity is still lacking. In this study, we matched the 2008-2012 average anthropogenic heat flux, as simulated by a grid estimation model using inventory methods, with questionnaire and measurement data of 49,938 children randomly recruited from seven cities in Northeast China in 2012. After adjusting for social demographic and behavioral factors, we used generalized linear mixed-effect models to assess the association between anthropogenic heat flux and adiposity among children. We also examined the effect modification of various social demographic and behavioral confounders. We found that each 10 W/m2 increase in total anthropogenic heat flux and that from the industry source was associated with an increase of 5.82% (95% CI = 0.84%-11.05%) and 6.62% (95% CI = 0.87%-12.70%) in the odds of childhood adiposity. Similarly, the excess rate of adiposity among children were 5.26% (95% CI = -1.33%-12.29%) and 8.51% (95% CI = 2.24%-15.17%) per 1 W/m2 increase in the anthropogenic heat flux from transportation and buildings, and was 7.94% (95% CI = 2.28%-13.91%) per 0.001 W/m2 increase in the anthropogenic heat flux from human metabolism. We also found generally greater effect estimates among female children and children who were exposed to passive smoking during pregnancy, born by caesarean section, non-breastfed/mixed-fed, or lived within 20 m adjacent to the main road. The potential deleterious effect of anthropogenic heat exposure on adiposity among children may make it a new but major threat to be targeted by future mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dao-Sen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Si-Han Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guo-Feng Huang
- Department of Air Quality Forecasting and Early Warning, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Secondary Pollution, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Duo-Hong Chen
- Department of Air Quality Forecasting and Early Warning, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Secondary Pollution, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Hui-Min Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yun-Ting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li-Hao Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li-Zi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhao-Huan Gui
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ru-Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jie-Wen Yang
- Guangzhou Social Welfare Institution, Guangzhou, 510520, China.
| | - Wang-Jian Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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5
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Peng X, Cheng J, Li H, Feijó A, Xia L, Ge D, Wen Z, Yang Q. Whole-genome sequencing reveals adaptations of hairy-footed jerboas (Dipus, Dipodidae) to diverse desert environments. BMC Biol 2023; 21:182. [PMID: 37649052 PMCID: PMC10469962 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental conditions vary among deserts across the world, spanning from hyper-arid to high-elevation deserts. However, prior genomic studies on desert adaptation have focused on desert and non-desert comparisons overlooking the complexity of conditions within deserts. Focusing on the adaptation mechanisms to diverse desert environments will advance our understanding of how species adapt to extreme desert environments. The hairy-footed jerboas are well adapted to diverse desert environments, inhabiting high-altitude arid regions, hyper-arid deserts, and semi-deserts, but the genetic basis of their adaptation to different deserts remains unknown. RESULTS Here, we sequenced the whole genome of 83 hairy-footed jerboas from distinct desert zones in China to assess how they responded under contrasting conditions. Population genomics analyses reveal the existence of three species in hairy-footed jerboas distributed in China: Dipus deasyi, Dipus sagitta, and Dipus sowerbyi. Analyses of selection between high-altitude desert (elevation ≥ 3000m) and low-altitude desert (< 500m) populations identified two strongly selected genes, ATR and HIF1AN, associated with intense UV radiation and hypoxia in high-altitude environments. A number of candidate genes involved in energy and water homeostasis were detected in the comparative genomic analyses of hyper-arid desert (average annual precipitation < 70mm) and arid desert (< 200mm) populations versus semi-desert (> 360mm) populations. Hyper-arid desert animals also exhibited stronger adaptive selection in energy homeostasis, suggesting water and resource scarcity may be the main drivers of desert adaptation in hairy-footed jerboas. CONCLUSIONS Our study challenges the view of deserts as homogeneous environments and shows that distinct genomic adaptations can be found among desert animals depending on their habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jilong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hong Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Anderson Feijó
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | - Lin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Deyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhixin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qisen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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6
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Johnson RJ, Lee SMK, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Kanbay M, Bansal A, Tolan DR, Bjornstad P, Lanaspa MA, Maesaka J. Fructose: A New Variable to Consider in SIADH and the Hyponatremia Associated With Long-Distance Running? Am J Kidney Dis 2023; 82:105-112. [PMID: 36940740 PMCID: PMC10330032 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.01.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Fructose has recently been proposed to stimulate vasopressin secretion in humans. Fructose-induced vasopressin secretion is not only postulated to result from ingestion of fructose-containing drinks but may also occur from endogenous fructose production via activation of the polyol pathway. This raises the question of whether fructose might be involved in some cases of vasopressin-induced hyponatremia, especially in situations where the cause is not fully known such as in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of diuretic hormone (SIADH) and exercise-associated hyponatremia, which has been observed in marathon runners. Here we discuss the new science of fructose and vasopressin, and how it may play a role in some of these conditions, as well as in the complications associated with rapid treatment (such as the osmotic demyelination syndrome). Studies to test the role of fructose could provide new pathophysiologic insights as well as novel potential treatment strategies for these common conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
| | | | | | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anip Bansal
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dean R Tolan
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston Massachusetts
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John Maesaka
- Department of Medicine and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, NYU Langone Hospitals, Mineola, New York
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7
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Vanholder R, Bé A, Scheres E, Faure M. Policy forum in the European Parliament: calling for a paradigm shift towards green kidney care. J Nephrol 2023; 36:1225-1227. [PMID: 37310612 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan, 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- European Kidney Health Alliance, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Alicia Bé
- European Kidney Health Alliance, Brussels, Belgium
- Dentons Global Advisors, Health Practice, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eveline Scheres
- European Kidney Health Alliance, Brussels, Belgium
- Buitendelijnen, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marine Faure
- European Kidney Health Alliance, Brussels, Belgium
- Dentons Global Advisors, Health Practice, Brussels, Belgium
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Otani N, Ouchi M, Mizuta E, Morita A, Fujita T, Anzai N, Hisatome I. Dysuricemia-A New Concept Encompassing Hyperuricemia and Hypouricemia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051255. [PMID: 37238926 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of uric acid, the final metabolite of purines excreted by the kidneys and intestines, was not previously recognized, except for its role in forming crystals in the joints and causing gout. However, recent evidence implies that uric acid is not a biologically inactive substance and may exert a wide range of effects, including antioxidant, neurostimulatory, proinflammatory, and innate immune activities. Notably, uric acid has two contradictory properties: antioxidant and oxidative ones. In this review, we present the concept of "dysuricemia", a condition in which deviation from the appropriate range of uric acid in the living body results in disease. This concept encompasses both hyperuricemia and hypouricemia. This review draws comparisons between the biologically biphasic positive and negative effects of uric acid and discusses the impact of such effects on various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Otani
- Department of Cardiology, Dokkyo Medical University Nikkyo Medical Center, Nikko 321-1298, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Motoshi Ouchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Einosuke Mizuta
- Department of Cardiology, Sanin Rosai Hospital, Yonago 683-8605, Tottori, Japan
| | - Asuka Morita
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomoe Fujita
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Yonago Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Yonago 683-0006, Tottori, Japan
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9
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Ulasi II, Awobusuyi O, Nayak S, Ramachandran R, Musso CG, Depine SA, Aroca-Martinez G, Solarin AU, Onuigbo M, Luyckx VA, Ijoma CK. Chronic Kidney Disease Burden in Low-Resource Settings: Regional Perspectives. Semin Nephrol 2023; 42:151336. [PMID: 37058859 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased exponentially worldwide but more so in low- and middle-income countries. Specific risk factors in these regions expose their populations to an increased risk of CKD, such as genetic risk with APOL1 among populations of West African heritage or farmers with CKD of unknown etiology that spans various countries across several continents to immigrant/indigenous populations in both low- and high-income countries. Low- and middle-income economies also have the double burden of communicable and noncommunicable diseases, both contributing to the high prevalence of CKD. The economies are characterized by low health expenditure, sparse or nonexistent health insurance and welfare programs, and predominant out-of-pocket spending for medical care. This review highlights the challenges in populations with CKD from low-resource settings globally and explores how health systems can help ameliorate the CKD burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma I Ulasi
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria/University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria; Renal Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
| | - Olugbenga Awobusuyi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Saurabh Nayak
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhatinda, India
| | - Raja Ramachandran
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Carlos G Musso
- Research Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolivar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Santos A Depine
- Research Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Confederation of Dialysis Associations of the Argentine Republic (CADRA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Aroca-Martinez
- Research Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolivar, Barranquilla, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Adaobi Uzoamaka Solarin
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Macaulay Onuigbo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA; College of Business, University of Wisconsin MBA Consortium, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA; Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Valerie A Luyckx
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Public and Global Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chinwuba K Ijoma
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria/University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
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Johnson RJ, Tolan DR, Bredesen D, Nagel M, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Fini M, Burtis S, Lanaspa MA, Perlmutter D. Could Alzheimer's disease be a maladaptation of an evolutionary survival pathway mediated by intracerebral fructose and uric acid metabolism? Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:455-466. [PMID: 36774227 PMCID: PMC10196606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An important aspect of survival is to assure enough food, water, and oxygen. Here, we describe a recently discovered response that favors survival in times of scarcity, and it is initiated by either ingestion or production of fructose. Unlike glucose, which is a source for immediate energy needs, fructose metabolism results in an orchestrated response to encourage food and water intake, reduce resting metabolism, stimulate fat and glycogen accumulation, and induce insulin resistance as a means to reduce metabolism and preserve glucose supply for the brain. How this survival mechanism affects brain metabolism, which in a resting human amounts to 20% of the overall energy demand, is only beginning to be understood. Here, we review and extend a previous hypothesis that this survival mechanism has a major role in the development of Alzheimer's disease and may account for many of the early features, including cerebral glucose hypometabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. We propose that the pathway can be engaged in multiple ways, including diets high in sugar, high glycemic carbohydrates, and salt. In summary, we propose that Alzheimer's disease may be the consequence of a maladaptation to an evolutionary-based survival pathway and what had served to enhance survival acutely becomes injurious when engaged for extensive periods. Although more studies are needed on the role of fructose metabolism and its metabolite, uric acid, in Alzheimer's disease, we suggest that both dietary and pharmacologic trials to reduce fructose exposure or block fructose metabolism should be performed to determine whether there is potential benefit in the prevention, management, or treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Dean R Tolan
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dale Bredesen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria Nagel
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura G Sánchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mehdi Fini
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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11
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Fructose might be a clue to the origin of preeclampsia insights from nature and evolution. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:646-653. [PMID: 36539464 PMCID: PMC10015507 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and is due to abnormal placentation. The pathogenesis remains unclear. Fructose is biologically distinct from glucose and has a critical role in fetal growth in early pregnancy. Many species, including humans, produce fructose in their placenta during the first trimester to assist fetal growth and survival during a time when hypoxia is significant. Fructose is preferred over glucose in hypoxic tissues, and in the developing fetus, fructose has a critical role in stimulating the production of nucleic acids, lipids and glycosaminoglycans. Fructose production normally decreases significantly following the establishment of maternal-fetal circulation following placentation. However, if there is impaired placentation, local hypoxia will continue to drive fructose production. Excessive fructose metabolism drives endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and a rise in uric acid and vasopressin levels, all of which are features of the preeclamptic state. In addition to fructose production, dietary fructose, for example, from soft drinks, would be additive and has been reported to be a strong independent risk factor for preeclampsia. Uric acid-associated endothelial dysfunction disturbs the invasion of the spiral artery, leading to placental ischemia and further placental hypoxia. Here, we summarize the previous literature regarding the physiological and pathological roles of fructose in pregnancy and propose studies to further investigate the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Fructose might be a Clue to the Origin of Preeclampsia Insights from Nature and Evolution Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. The pathogenesis remains unclear. Fructose has a critical role in fetal growth in early pregnancy, and might be a key role to developing preeclampsia. Here, we summarize the previous literatures regarding the physiological andpathological roles of fructose in pregnancy to propose studies to further investigate the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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12
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Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG, Johnson RJ. Lessons from evolution by natural selection: An unprecedented opportunity to use biomimetics to improve planetary health. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:116981. [PMID: 36508982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Planetary health embraces the concept that long-term human welfare depends on the well-being of its ecological systems. Current practices, however, have often ignored this concept and have led to an anthropocentric world, with the consequence of increased greenhouse gas emissions, heat stress, lack of clean water and pollution, that are threatening the environment as well as the health and life of Homo sapiens and many other species. One consequence of environmental stressors has been the stimulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress that may not only promote common lifestyle diseases, but the ageing process. Despite the harshness of the current reality, treatment opportunities may exist 'in our backyard'. Biomimicry is an emerging field of research that explores how nature is structured and aims to mimic ingenious solutions that have evolved in nature for different applications that benefit human life. As nature always counteracts excesses from within, biodiversity could be a source of solutions that have evolved through the natural selection of animal species that have survived polluted, warm, and arid environments - i.e. the same presumptive changes that now threaten human health. One example from the emerging science suggests that animals use the cytoprotective Nrf2 antioxidant pathway to combat environmental stress and this may be a case example that we can apply to better human health. Learning from nature may provide opportunities for environmental management and solutions to the most challenging issue that face the future of the planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Paul G Shiels
- School of Molecular Biosystems, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, 12700 East 19th Ave, RC-2 Research Building, Rm 7012, Mail Stop C281, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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13
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Yamada Y, Zhang X, Henderson MET, Sagayama H, Pontzer H, Watanabe D, Yoshida T, Kimura M, Ainslie PN, Andersen LF, Anderson LJ, Arab L, Baddou I, Bedu-Addo K, Blaak EE, Blanc S, Bonomi AG, Bouten CVC, Bovet P, Buchowski MS, Butte NF, Camps SG, Close GL, Cooper JA, Cooper R, Das SK, Dugas LR, Eaton S, Ekelund U, Entringer S, Forrester T, Fudge BW, Goris AH, Gurven M, Halsey LG, Hambly C, El Hamdouchi A, Hoos MB, Hu S, Joonas N, Joosen AM, Katzmarzyk P, Kempen KP, Kraus WE, Kriengsinyos W, Kushner RF, Lambert EV, Leonard WR, Lessan N, Martin CK, Medin AC, Meijer EP, Morehen JC, Morton JP, Neuhouser ML, Nicklas TA, Ojiambo RM, Pietiläinen KH, Pitsiladis YP, Plange-Rhule J, Plasqui G, Prentice RL, Rabinovich RA, Racette SB, Raichlen DA, Ravussin E, Redman LM, Reilly JJ, Reynolds RM, Roberts SB, Schuit AJ, Sardinha LB, Silva AM, Sjödin AM, Stice E, Urlacher SS, Valenti G, Van Etten LM, Van Mil EA, Wells JCK, Wilson G, Wood BM, Yanovski JA, Murphy-Alford AJ, Loechl CU, Luke AH, Rood J, Westerterp KR, Wong WW, Miyachi M, Schoeller DA, Speakman JR. Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors. Science 2022; 378:909-915. [PMID: 36423296 PMCID: PMC9764345 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm8668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5604 people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 23 countries using isotope-tracking (2H) methods. Age, body size, and composition were significantly associated with WT, as were physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics (latitude, altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People who lived in countries with a low human development index (HDI) had higher WT than people in high-HDI countries. On the basis of this extensive dataset, we provide equations to predict human WT in relation to anthropometric, economic, and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mary E T Henderson
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daiki Watanabe
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Misaka Kimura
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lene F Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liam J Anderson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Issad Baddou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stephane Blanc
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS Université de Strasbourg, UMR7178, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Bovet
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maciej S Buchowski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy F Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan G Camps
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Richard Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simon Eaton
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | | | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Lewis G Halsey
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Catherine Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Asmaa El Hamdouchi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Sumei Hu
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Noorjehan Joonas
- Central Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Mauritius
| | | | | | | | | | - Wantanee Kriengsinyos
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakon-Pathom, Thailand
| | - Robert F Kushner
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS) Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), FIMS International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William R Leonard
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nader Lessan
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Anine C Medin
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | - James C Morehen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- The FA Group, Burton-Upon-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theresa A Nicklas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert M Ojiambo
- Kenya School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
- Rwanda Division of Basic Sciences, University of Global Health Equity, Rwanda
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, and Abdominal Center, Obesity Center, HealthyWeightHub, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Susan B Racette
- Program in Physical Therapy and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, and College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Biological Sciences and Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan B Roberts
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albertine J Schuit
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Tilburg, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anders M Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Stice
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samuel S Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giulio Valenti
- Phillips Research, Eindoven, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Edgar A Van Mil
- Maastricht University, Brightlands Campus Greenport Venlo and Lifestyle Medicine Center for Children, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - George Wilson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brian M Wood
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexia J Murphy-Alford
- Nutritional and Health-Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia U Loechl
- Nutritional and Health-Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amy H Luke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - William W Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Biotechnology Center and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John R Speakman
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, China
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14
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Zahirian Moghadam T, Pourfarzi F, Mohseni Rad H, Zandian H. Kidney stones among Iranian adults: Prevalence and socioeconomic inequality assessment in a cohort-based cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e877. [PMID: 36210880 PMCID: PMC9528948 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Kidney stone disease is a crystal concretion formed usually within the kidneys. The worldwide prevalence of kidney stones could be affected by numerous differences in socioeconomic, and environmental factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate kidney stones among Iranian adults aged between 35 and 70 years and the prevalence and evaluation of socioeconomic inequalities. METHODS In this, a cohort-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 20,427 participants of ArNCDs aged 35 and 70 years old. Kidney stone was defined as a dependent (and binary) variable while demographic and socioeconomic factors were considered independent variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the key socioeconomic factors affecting kidney stone prevalence in Ardabil. RESULTS The overall prevalence of kidney stones was 17.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.1-19.2) out of which 21.53% and 14.36% pertained to men and women and 14.18% and 23.17% pertained to the poorest and richest groups, respectively. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of kidney stones between men and women in terms of age, marital status, education level, chronic disease, body mass index, and socioeconomic status (<0.001). The prevalence of kidney stones had a positive correlation with age (1.7, 95% [CI]: 1.42-2.04) and socioeconomic status (1.5, 95% [CI]: 1.34-1.69), where the odds of kidney stones increased significantly by increasing age and socioeconomic status. Moreover, the kidney stone concentration index showed a pro-rich distribution wherein it was more common among wealthy people (higher socioeconomic status) 0.062 (95% [CI]: 0.051-0.072). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that there is significant inequality in the prevalence of kidney stones, where it was more common among the richest people. In addition, being men and old age are significantly related to kidney stones, so policymakers and physicians should consider these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Zahirian Moghadam
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterArdabil University of Medical SciencesArdabilIran
| | - Farhad Pourfarzi
- Digestive Disease Research CenterArdabil University of Medical SciencesArdabilIran
| | - Hamed Mohseni Rad
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Imam Reza HospitalArdabil University of Medical SciencesArdabilIran
| | - Hamed Zandian
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterArdabil University of Medical SciencesArdabilIran
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15
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Belessiotis GV, Falara PP, Ibrahim I, Kontos AG. Magnetic Metal Oxide-Based Photocatalysts with Integrated Silver for Water Treatment. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134629. [PMID: 35806752 PMCID: PMC9267654 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the most recent advances in the field of magnetic composite photocatalysts with integrated plasmonic silver (Ag) is presented, with an overview of their synthesis techniques, properties and photocatalytic pollutant removal applications. Magnetic attributes combined with plasmonic properties in these composites result in enhancements for light absorption, charge-pair generation-separation-transfer and photocatalytic efficiency with the additional advantage of their facile magnetic separation from water solutions after treatment, neutralizing the issue of silver’s inherent toxicity. A detailed overview of the currently utilized synthesis methods and techniques for the preparation of magnetic silver-integrated composites is presented. Furthermore, an extended critical review of the most recent pollutant removal applications of these composites via green photocatalysis technology is presented. From this survey, the potential of magnetic composites integrated with plasmonic metals is highlighted for light-induced water treatment and purification. Highlights: (1) Perspective of magnetic properties combined with plasmon metal attributes; (2) Overview of recent methods for magnetic silver-integrated composite synthesis; (3) Critical view of recent applications for photocatalytic pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- George V. Belessiotis
- National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Athens, Greece; (G.V.B.); (I.I.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Pinelopi P. Falara
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Islam Ibrahim
- National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Athens, Greece; (G.V.B.); (I.I.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Athanassios G. Kontos
- National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Athens, Greece; (G.V.B.); (I.I.)
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Nagai K, Kosaka S, Kawate Y, Itsubo N. Renal health benefits of sustainable diets in Japan: a review. RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-022-00415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGlobal warming may reduce food production and force people to adopt dietary habits of inadequate quantity or quality. Such dietary habits could trigger chronic kidney disease through inappropriate nutrition or lifestyle diseases. Livestock farming and other types of food production are responsible for many greenhouse gases. These problems are being emphasized as a diet-environment-health trilemma to be addressed on a global scale, with various methods being proposed toward its resolution. Diets like plant-based and low-protein diets not only potentially prevent the progression of chronic kidney disease, but are also rational from an environmental preservation perspective. Evidence from Japan on resolutions for this trilemma is sparse, but one concrete proposal is the use of traditional Japanese diets like washoku, the Okinawa diet, and the traditional Buddhist diet. However, traditional Japanese diets also have several problems, such as excessive salt content and caloric deficiencies, and need to be modified and incorporated into the current lifestyle. The progression of chronic kidney disease needs to be prevented with appropriate dietary treatment and environmental friendly manner.
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17
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Johnson RJ, García-Arroyo FE, Gonzaga-Sánchez G, Vélez-Orozco KA, Álvarez-Álvarez YQ, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Tapia E, Osorio-Alonso H, Andrés-Hernando A, Nakagawa T, Kuwabara M, Kanbay M, Lanaspa MA, Sánchez-Lozada LG. Current Hydration Habits: The Disregarded Factor for the Development of Renal and Cardiometabolic Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:2070. [PMID: 35631211 PMCID: PMC9145744 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Improper hydration habits are commonly disregarded as a risk factor for the development of chronic diseases. Consuming an intake of water below recommendations (underhydration) in addition to the substitution of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) for water are habits deeply ingrained in several countries. This behavior is due to voluntary and involuntary dehydration; and because young children are exposed to SSB, the preference for a sweet taste is profoundly implanted in the brain. Underhydration and SSB intake lead to mild hyperosmolarity, which stimulates biologic processes, such as the stimulation of vasopressin and the polyol-fructose pathway, which restore osmolarity to normal but at the expense of the continued activation of these biological systems. Unfortunately, chronic activation of the vasopressin and polyol-fructose pathways has been shown to mediate many diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. It is therefore urgent that we encourage educational and promotional campaigns that promote the evaluation of personal hydration status, a greater intake of potable water, and a reduction or complete halting of the drinking of SSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Fernando E. García-Arroyo
- Department Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (G.G.-S.); (K.A.V.-O.); (Y.Q.Á.-Á.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.T.); (H.O.-A.)
| | - Guillermo Gonzaga-Sánchez
- Department Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (G.G.-S.); (K.A.V.-O.); (Y.Q.Á.-Á.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.T.); (H.O.-A.)
| | - Kevin A. Vélez-Orozco
- Department Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (G.G.-S.); (K.A.V.-O.); (Y.Q.Á.-Á.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.T.); (H.O.-A.)
| | - Yamnia Quetzal Álvarez-Álvarez
- Department Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (G.G.-S.); (K.A.V.-O.); (Y.Q.Á.-Á.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.T.); (H.O.-A.)
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Department Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (G.G.-S.); (K.A.V.-O.); (Y.Q.Á.-Á.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.T.); (H.O.-A.)
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Department Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (G.G.-S.); (K.A.V.-O.); (Y.Q.Á.-Á.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.T.); (H.O.-A.)
| | - Horacio Osorio-Alonso
- Department Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (G.G.-S.); (K.A.V.-O.); (Y.Q.Á.-Á.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.T.); (H.O.-A.)
| | - Ana Andrés-Hernando
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.A.-H.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- Department of Nephrology, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto 607-8062, Japan;
| | - Masanari Kuwabara
- Intensive Care Unit, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan;
- Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
| | - Miguel A. Lanaspa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.A.-H.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Department Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (G.G.-S.); (K.A.V.-O.); (Y.Q.Á.-Á.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.T.); (H.O.-A.)
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18
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Giussani M, Lieti G, Orlando A, Parati G, Genovesi S. Fructose Intake, Hypertension and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Aspects. A Narrative Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:792949. [PMID: 35492316 PMCID: PMC9039289 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.792949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, alterations in glucose metabolism and fatty liver, either alone or in association, are frequently observed in obese children and may seriously jeopardize their health. For obesity to develop, an excessive intake of energy-bearing macronutrients is required; however, ample evidence suggests that fructose may promote the development of obesity and/or metabolic alterations, independently of its energy intake. Fructose consumption is particularly high among children, because they do not have the perception, and more importantly, neither do their parents, that high fructose intake is potentially dangerous. In fact, while this sugar is erroneously viewed favorably as a natural nutrient, its excessive intake can actually cause adverse cardio-metabolic alterations. Fructose induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduces the production of anti-atherosclerotic cytokines, such as adiponectin. Furthermore, by interacting with hunger and satiety control systems, particularly by inducing leptin resistance, it leads to increased caloric intake. Fructose, directly or through its metabolites, promotes the development of obesity, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and fatty liver. This review aims to highlight the mechanisms by which the early and excessive consumption of fructose may contribute to the development of a variety of cardiometabolic risk factors in children, thus representing a potential danger to their health. It will also describe the main clinical trials performed in children and adolescents that have evaluated the clinical effects of excessive intake of fructose-containing drinks and food, with particular attention to the effects on blood pressure. Finally, we will discuss the effectiveness of measures that can be taken to reduce the intake of this sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giussani
- Cardiologic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Lieti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonina Orlando
- Cardiologic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Cardiologic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Simonetta Genovesi
- Cardiologic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
AbstractThe prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been on the rise worldwide. Epidemiological studies performed primarily in Central America and South Asia have reported high prevalence of CKD among young and middle-aged men working in agricultural communities. The clinical features do not appear linked to any classical CKD risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, or chronic nephritis. The disease develops and progresses as interstitial nephritis, without showing noticeable symptoms or high levels of proteinuria. Pathologically, the disease essentially represents chronic interstitial nephritis and is termed chronic interstitial nephritis in agricultural communities (CINAC). The potential causes of CINAC include: (1) heat stress-related factors associated with increased ambient temperatures resulting from global warming; and (2) factors connected with exposure to agrochemicals and/or pesticides. Global warming and environmental pollution will undoubtedly pose a significant health risk to farmers, and heat stress during farm work could easily result in the development and progression of CKD. Japanese agricultural regions evidently will not be spared from global environmental changes. For future epidemiological studies, researchers should establish a more comprehensive analytical method that can incorporate additional risk-factor variables, such as occupational history (including agricultural work) and ambient temperature.
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20
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A planetary health perspective for kidney disease. Kidney Int 2021; 98:261-265. [PMID: 32709283 PMCID: PMC7372277 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Tobar-Bernal FA, Zamudio SR, Quevedo-Corona L. The high-fructose intake of dams during pregnancy and lactation exerts sex-specific effects on adult rat offspring metabolism. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:411-419. [PMID: 32519631 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies have demonstrated the effects of maternal fructose consumption during pregnancy and lactation on metabolic alterations in their offspring, especially male offspring. However, few studies have focused on female offspring after providing fructose in food to dam rats. Here, we studied whether offspring of both sexes were differentially affected by a maternal high-fructose diet (HFD). For this purpose, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed during pregnancy and lactation with a standard diet (SD) or a HFD (50% w/w). After weaning, offspring were fed an SD; 3 days later, dams were sacrificed, and their offspring were sacrificed on postnatal day 90. Body weight (BW), food and water intake (only for dams), and various biomarkers of metabolic syndrome were measured. When compared to the SD-fed dams, HFD-fed dams had a reduction in BW and food and water intake. Conversely, adiposity, liver weight, liver lipids, and plasma levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid were increased in HFD-fed dams. Moreover, the BW, food consumption, weight of retroperitoneal fat pads, and liver lipids increased in female and male offspring of HFD-fed dams. Interestingly, the pups of HFD-fed mothers showed increased levels of leptin and insulin resistance and decreased levels of adiponectin which were more pronounced in male offspring than in female offspring. In contrast, a higher increase in BW was shown earlier in female offspring. Thus, high-fructose consumption by dams during pregnancy and lactation led to sex-specific developmental programming of the metabolic syndrome phenotype in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca A Tobar-Bernal
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio R Zamudio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Lucía Quevedo-Corona
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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22
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Fructose and Uric Acid as Drivers of a Hyperactive Foraging Response: A Clue to Behavioral Disorders Associated with Impulsivity or Mania? EVOL HUM BEHAV 2021; 42:194-203. [PMID: 33994772 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several behavioral disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, and aggressive behaviors are linked with sugar intake and obesity. The reason(s) for this association has been unclear. Here we present a hypothesis supporting a role for fructose, a component of sugar and high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), and uric acid (a fructose metabolite), in increasing the risk for these behavioral disorders. Recent studies have shown that the reason fructose intake is strongly associated with development of metabolic syndrome is that fructose intake activates an evolutionary-based survival pathway that stimulates foraging behavior and the storage of energy as fat. While modest intake may aid animals that would like to store fat as a protective response from food shortage or starvation, we propose that high intake of sugar and HFCS causes a hyperactive foraging response that stimulates craving, impulsivity, risk taking and aggression that increases the risk for ADHD, bipolar disease and aggressive behavior. High glycemic carbohydrates and salty foods may also contribute as they can be converted to fructose in the body. Some studies suggest uric acid produced during fructose metabolism may mediate some of these effects. Chronic stimulation of the pathway could lead to desensitization of hedonic responses and induce depression. In conclusion, a hyperactive foraging response driven by high glycemic carbohydrates and sugars may contribute to affective disorders.
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Rocha JL, Godinho R, Brito JC, Nielsen R. Life in Deserts: The Genetic Basis of Mammalian Desert Adaptation. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:637-650. [PMID: 33863602 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Deserts are among the harshest environments on Earth. The multiple ages of different deserts and their global distribution provide a unique opportunity to study repeated adaptation at different timescales. Here, we summarize recent genomic research on the genetic mechanisms underlying desert adaptations in mammals. Several studies on different desert mammals show large overlap in functional classes of genes and pathways, consistent with the complexity and variety of phenotypes associated with desert adaptation to water and food scarcity and extreme temperatures. However, studies of desert adaptation are also challenged by a lack of accurate genotype-phenotype-environment maps. We encourage development of systems that facilitate functional analyses, but also acknowledge the need for more studies on a wider variety of desert mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana L Rocha
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Godinho
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 534, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - José C Brito
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Department of Statistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94820, USA; Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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24
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Andres-Hernando A, Jensen TJ, Kuwabara M, Orlicky DJ, Cicerchi C, Li N, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Garcia GE, Ishimoto T, Maclean PS, Bjornstad P, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Kanbay M, Nakagawa T, Johnson RJ, Lanaspa MA. Vasopressin mediates fructose-induced metabolic syndrome by activating the V1b receptor. JCI Insight 2021; 6:140848. [PMID: 33320834 PMCID: PMC7821599 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjects with obesity frequently have elevated serum vasopressin levels, noted by measuring the stable analog, copeptin. Vasopressin acts primarily to reabsorb water via urinary concentration. However, fat is also a source of metabolic water, raising the possibility that vasopressin might have a role in fat accumulation. Fructose has also been reported to stimulate vasopressin. Here, we tested the hypothesis that fructose-induced metabolic syndrome is mediated by vasopressin. Orally administered fructose, glucose, or high-fructose corn syrup increased vasopressin (copeptin) concentrations and was mediated by fructokinase, an enzyme specific for fructose metabolism. Suppressing vasopressin with hydration both prevented and ameliorated fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. The vasopressin effects were mediated by the vasopressin 1b receptor (V1bR), as V1bR-KO mice were completely protected, whereas V1a-KO mice paradoxically showed worse metabolic syndrome. The mechanism is likely mediated in part by de novo expression of V1bR in the liver that amplifies fructokinase expression in response to fructose. Thus, our studies document a role for vasopressin in water conservation via the accumulation of fat as a source of metabolic water. Clinically, they also suggest that increased water intake may be a beneficial way to both prevent or treat metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J Jensen
- Division of Endocrine, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Nanxing Li
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension and
| | | | | | - Takuji Ishimoto
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Paul S Maclean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension and.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Fluid Intake Restriction Concomitant to Sweetened Beverages Hydration Induce Kidney Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8850266. [PMID: 33354281 PMCID: PMC7735828 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8850266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is the paradox of low water intake but increased intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SB) in several populations; those habits are associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic derangements and greater chronic disease mortality. Persistent heat dehydration and increased SB intake stimulate the continued release of vasopressin and overactivation of the polyol-fructokinase pathway, synergizing each other, an effect partially mediated by oxidative stress. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether water restriction concurrent with SB hydration can cause renal damage by stimulating similar pathways as heat dehydration. Three groups of male Wistar rats (n = 6) were fluid restricted; from 10 am to 12 pm animals could rehydrate with tap water (W), or sweetened beverages, one prepared with 11% of a fructose-glucose combination (SB), or with the noncaloric edulcorant stevia (ST). A normal control group of healthy rats was also studied. The animals were followed for 4 weeks. Markers of dehydration and renal damage were evaluated at the end of the study. Fluid restriction and water hydration mildly increased urine osmolality and induced a 15% fall in CrCl while increased the markers of tubular damage by NAG and KIM-1. Such changes were in association with a mild overexpression of V1a and V2 renal receptors, polyol fructokinase pathway overactivation, and increased renal oxidative stress with reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes. Hydration with SB significantly amplified those alterations, while in stevia hydrated rats, the changes were similar to the ones observed in water hydrated rats. These data suggest that current habits of hydration could be a risk factor in developing kidney damage.
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26
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Ephraim RKD, Asamoah CA, Abaka-Yawson A, Kwadzokpui PK, Adusei S. Climate change causes changes in biochemical markers of kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:542. [PMID: 33308177 PMCID: PMC7733275 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Climate change is a significant threat to the health of the Ghanaian people. Evidence abounds in Ghana that temperatures in all the ecological zones are rising, whereas rainfall levels have been generally reducing and patterns are increasingly becoming erratic. The study estimated the impact of climate variation between seasons on biochemical markers of kidney disease. Methods This study conveniently recruited 50 apparently healthy peasant farmers and hawkers at Wa in the Upper West Region of Ghana. A pre-study screening for hepatitis A and C, Diabetes mellitus, hypertension was done. Serum creatinine and urea levels were analyzed to rule out kidney preexisting kidney disease. Baseline data was collected by estimating urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) as well as for hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) concentrations. Anthropometric data such as height, weight and blood pressure were measured by trained personnel. The study participants were closely followed and alerted deep in the dry season for the second sampling (urea, creatinine, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood pressure, anthropometry). Results This study recruited more males (58.82%) than females (41.15%), majority (52.92%) of which were aged 25–29 years with the youngest being 22 years and the eldest being 35 years. The study found body mass index (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.019), creatinine (p < 0.001), urea (p = 0.013) and eGFR (p < 0.001) to be significantly influenced by climate change. Stage 1 hypertension was predominant among the study participants during the dry season, 8 (15.69%) than was observed during the rainy season, 4 (7.84%) nonetheless the number of participants with normal BMI rose from 49.02% in the rainy season to 62.75% during the dry reason. Additionally, the study observed that the impact of climate change on systolic blood pressure and urea varied based on age and sex. Conclusion This study revealed that climatic changes cause variations in various biochemical parameters used to assess kidney function. Public health education on climatic changes and its implication including precautionary measures should be done among inhabitants of Wa and its environs to reduce its effect. Additionally, appropriate dietary patterns should also be advised to avoid the development of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and obesity that are known principal causes of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kobina Dadzie Ephraim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Christopher Amey Asamoah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Albert Abaka-Yawson
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
| | - Precious Kwablah Kwadzokpui
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Samuel Adusei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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27
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Luyckx VA, Al-Aly Z, Bello AK, Bellorin-Font E, Carlini RG, Fabian J, Garcia-Garcia G, Iyengar A, Sekkarie M, van Biesen W, Ulasi I, Yeates K, Stanifer J. Sustainable Development Goals relevant to kidney health: an update on progress. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 17:15-32. [PMID: 33188362 PMCID: PMC7662029 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Globally, more than 5 million people die annually from lack of access to critical treatments for kidney disease — by 2040, chronic kidney disease is projected to be the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Kidney diseases are particularly challenging to tackle because they are pathologically diverse and are often asymptomatic. As such, kidney disease is often diagnosed late, and the global burden of kidney disease continues to be underappreciated. When kidney disease is not detected and treated early, patient care requires specialized resources that drive up cost, place many people at risk of catastrophic health expenditure and pose high opportunity costs for health systems. Prevention of kidney disease is highly cost-effective but requires a multisectoral holistic approach. Each Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) has the potential to impact kidney disease risk or improve early diagnosis and treatment, and thus reduce the need for high-cost care. All countries have agreed to strive to achieve the SDGs, but progress is disjointed and uneven among and within countries. The six SDG Transformations framework can be used to examine SDGs with relevance to kidney health that require attention and reveal inter-linkages among the SDGs that should accelerate progress. Working towards sustainable development is essential to tackle the rise in the global burden of non-communicable diseases, including kidney disease. Five years after the Sustainable Development Goal agenda was set, this Review examines the progress thus far, highlighting future challenges and opportunities, and explores the implications for kidney disease. Each Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) has the potential to improve kidney health and prevent kidney disease by improving the general health and well-being of individuals and societies, and by protecting the environment. Achievement of each SDG is interrelated to the achievement of multiple other SDGs; therefore, a multisectoral approach is required. The global burden of kidney disease has been relatively underestimated because of a lack of data. Structural violence and the social determinants of health have an important impact on kidney disease risk. Kidney disease is the leading global cause of catastrophic health expenditure, in part because of the high costs of kidney replacement therapy. Achievement of universal health coverage is the minimum requirement to ensure sustainable and affordable access to early detection and quality treatment of kidney disease and/or its risk factors, which should translate to a reduction in the burden of kidney failure in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Luyckx
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Institute of Biomedical Ethics and the History of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Ziyad Al-Aly
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Clinical Epidemiology Center, Veterans Affairs Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aminu K Bello
- Division of Nephrology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Raul G Carlini
- Sección de Investigación, Servicio de Nefrología y Trasplante Renal, Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - June Fabian
- Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Garcia
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, University of Guadalajara Health Sciences Center, Hospital, 278, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Arpana Iyengar
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Wim van Biesen
- Renal Division, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ifeoma Ulasi
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Karen Yeates
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Stanifer
- Munson Nephrology, Munson Healthcare, Traverse City, MI, USA
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Johnson RJ, Gomez-Pinilla F, Nagel M, Nakagawa T, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Tolan DR, Lanaspa MA. Cerebral Fructose Metabolism as a Potential Mechanism Driving Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:560865. [PMID: 33024433 PMCID: PMC7516162 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.560865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease is pathologically linked with neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid deposition, and loss of neuronal communication. Cerebral insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction have emerged as important contributors to pathogenesis supporting our hypothesis that cerebral fructose metabolism is a key initiating pathway for Alzheimer's disease. Fructose is unique among nutrients because it activates a survival pathway to protect animals from starvation by lowering energy in cells in association with adenosine monophosphate degradation to uric acid. The fall in energy from fructose metabolism stimulates foraging and food intake while reducing energy and oxygen needs by decreasing mitochondrial function, stimulating glycolysis, and inducing insulin resistance. When fructose metabolism is overactivated systemically, such as from excessive fructose intake, this can lead to obesity and diabetes. Herein, we present evidence that Alzheimer's disease may be driven by overactivation of cerebral fructose metabolism, in which the source of fructose is largely from endogenous production in the brain. Thus, the reduction in mitochondrial energy production is hampered by neuronal glycolysis that is inadequate, resulting in progressive loss of cerebral energy levels required for neurons to remain functional and viable. In essence, we propose that Alzheimer's disease is a modern disease driven by changes in dietary lifestyle in which fructose can disrupt cerebral metabolism and neuronal function. Inhibition of intracerebral fructose metabolism could provide a novel way to prevent and treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maria Nagel
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura G Sanchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dean R Tolan
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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de Araujo FG, Bauerfeldt GF, Marques M, Martins EM. Development and validation of an analytical method for detection and quantification of benzophenone, bisphenol A, diethyl phthalate and 4-nonylphenol by UPLC-MS/MS in surface water. PEERJ ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj-achem.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Guandu River is the main water source for 9 million inhabitants in Rio de Janeiro city and some others included in the metropolitan region of the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Here, the development of a chromatographic method and its application to assess the occurrence of 4-nonylphenol (4NP), benzophenone (BP), bisphenol A (BPA) and diethyl-phthalate (DEP), known as endocrine disruptors (EDs), is reported. Sample were prepared by solid phase extraction (SPE) with C18 cartridge and methanol as elution solvent. Validation of analytical method followed the United States Environmental Protection Agency protocol (USEPA 8000D guide) and selectivity, matrix effect, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were evaluated. The recovery was greater than 90%, accuracy was found between 80% and 115% and relative standard deviation (RSD) below 11.03%. LOQ ranged from 10.0 to 50.0 ng L−1, while the LOD ranged from 0.87 to 5.72 ng L−1. The coefficients of determination (R2) were greater than 0.99 for all compounds within a linear ranges of 10.0 to 500 ng L−1 for 4NP and BP and 50.0 to 500 ng L−1 for BPA and DEP. The method was therefore considered selective and robust for all micropollutants. Matrix effect was observed for BP, 4NP and DEP. The developed method was applied to analyze five samples collected monthly during 2018 at a selected sampling point of a river in Rio de Janeiro State. The maximum concentrations found for BPA, BP, DEP and 4NP were 182.04, 286.20, 2.56×103 and 13.48 ng L−1 respectively. These values are high enough to justify an investigation on the presence of these micropollutants in drinking water as well as to extend the monitoring for the search of similar pollutants and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Goytacazes de Araujo
- Post-Graduation Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Industrial Chemistry Department, Federal Institute of Espirito Santo (IFES), Aracruz, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Glauco F. Bauerfeldt
- Chemistry Institute, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Marques
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Monteiro Martins
- Post-Graduation Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
Hotspots of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) have been identified throughout the globe, of which the Mesoamerican nephropathy in Central America is the most conspicuous example. It affects mainly agricultural workers, heat exposure during extenuating shifts leading to sudden dehydration and subsequent acute kidney injury (AKI) episodes is the main hypothesis, with other factors such as environmental and social determinants playing an underlying role. Recent reports have suggested that Mexico and the United States may have newly identified CKDu hotspots. Studies from Tierra Blanca, a rural region in Mexico, have shown that the prevalence of probable CKD is high (25%) among the population, of which almost half of the identified cases had no known risk factor (such as diabetes or hypertension). Studies in Hispanic agricultural workers from California and Florida have shown that heat stress and dehydration is frequent and is correlated with AKI episodes after a work shift (33% of workers in one shift). Because recurrent AKI is an established risk factor for CKD, these studies strengthen the evidence that suggests an association between this occupational exposure and CKD. Whether the etiology responsible for the entities described is the same as in other CKDu hotspots in the world remains unknown. The development of preventative and intervention strategies is the most urgent priority to address this issue.
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Johnson RJ, Stenvinkel P, Andrews P, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Nakagawa T, Gaucher E, Andres-Hernando A, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Jimenez CR, Garcia G, Kang DH, Tolan DR, Lanaspa MA. Fructose metabolism as a common evolutionary pathway of survival associated with climate change, food shortage and droughts. J Intern Med 2020; 287:252-262. [PMID: 31621967 PMCID: PMC10917390 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mass extinctions occur frequently in natural history. While studies of animals that became extinct can be informative, it is the survivors that provide clues for mechanisms of adaptation when conditions are adverse. Here, we describe a survival pathway used by many species as a means for providing adequate fuel and water, while also providing protection from a decrease in oxygen availability. Fructose, whether supplied in the diet (primarily fruits and honey), or endogenously (via activation of the polyol pathway), preferentially shifts the organism towards the storing of fuel (fat, glycogen) that can be used to provide energy and water at a later date. Fructose causes sodium retention and raises blood pressure and likely helped survival in the setting of dehydration or salt deprivation. By shifting energy production from the mitochondria to glycolysis, fructose reduced oxygen demands to aid survival in situations where oxygen availability is low. The actions of fructose are driven in part by vasopressin and the generation of uric acid. Twice in history, mutations occurred during periods of mass extinction that enhanced the activity of fructose to generate fat, with the first being a mutation in vitamin C metabolism during the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction (65 million years ago) and the second being a mutation in uricase that occurred during the Middle Miocene disruption (12-14 million years ago). Today, the excessive intake of fructose due to the availability of refined sugar and high-fructose corn syrup is driving 'burden of life style' diseases, including obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Johnson
- From the, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - P Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Diseases, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Andrews
- Museum of Natural History, London, UK
| | | | - T Nakagawa
- Department of Nephrology, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - E Gaucher
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Andres-Hernando
- From the, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - C R Jimenez
- From the, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - G Garcia
- From the, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - D-H Kang
- Division of Renal Diseases, Ewha University, Seoul, Korea
| | - D R Tolan
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boson, MA, USA
| | - M A Lanaspa
- From the, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Stenvinkel P, Painer J, Johnson RJ, Natterson-Horowitz B. Biomimetics - Nature's roadmap to insights and solutions for burden of lifestyle diseases. J Intern Med 2020; 287:238-251. [PMID: 31639885 PMCID: PMC7035180 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There are over 8 million species in this world that live in widely varying environments, from hot thermal fissures to cold arctic settings. These species have evolved over millions of years and vary markedly in how they have adapted to their environments. In the last decades, studies of how species have succeeded in surviving in different environments and with different resources have been recognized to provide not only insights into disease but also novel means for developing treatments. Here, we provide an overview of two related and overlapping approaches (biomimetics and zoobiquity), which are turning to the natural world for insights to better understand, treat and prevent human 'burden of lifestyle' pathologies from heart disease and cancer to degeneration and premature ageing. We suggest that expanding biomedical investigation beyond its decades old conventional practices to new approaches based on a broad awareness of the diversity of animal life and comparative physiology can accelerate innovations in health care under the motto 'Nature knows best'.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Painer
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - R J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - B Natterson-Horowitz
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, UCLA Division of Cardiology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Evolutionary Medicine Program at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Stenvinkel P. The One Health concept - the health of humans is intimately linked with the health of animals and a sustainable environment. J Intern Med 2020; 287:223-225. [PMID: 32077193 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chevalier RL. Evolution, kidney development, and chronic kidney disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 91:119-131. [PMID: 29857053 PMCID: PMC6281795 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a global epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) characterized by a progressive loss of nephrons, ascribed in large part to a rising incidence of hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a ten-fold variation in nephron number at birth in the general population, and a 50% overall decrease in nephron number in the last decades of life. The vicious cycle of nephron loss stimulating hypertrophy by remaining nephrons and resulting in glomerulosclerosis has been regarded as maladaptive, and only partially responsive to angiotensin inhibition. Advances over the past century in kidney physiology, genetics, and development have elucidated many aspects of nephron formation, structure and function. Parallel advances have been achieved in evolutionary biology, with the emergence of evolutionary medicine, a discipline that promises to provide new insight into the treatment of chronic disease. This review provides a framework for understanding the origins of contemporary developmental nephrology, and recent progress in evolutionary biology. The establishment of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo), ecological developmental biology (eco-devo), and developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) followed the discovery of the hox gene family, the recognition of the contribution of cumulative environmental stressors to the changing phenotype over the life cycle, and mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. The maturation of evolutionary medicine has contributed to new investigative approaches to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and infectious disease, and promises the same for CKD. By incorporating these principles, developmental nephrology is ideally positioned to answer important questions regarding the fate of nephrons from embryo through senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Chevalier
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800386, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
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35
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Clark WF. Is high fluid intake good for the kidney? Kidney Res Clin Pract 2019; 38:135-137. [PMID: 31189219 PMCID: PMC6577217 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.19.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William F Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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36
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37
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Kupferman J, Ramírez-Rubio O, Amador JJ, López-Pilarte D, Wilker EH, Laws RL, Sennett C, Robles NV, Lau JL, Salinas AJ, Kaufman JS, Weiner DE, Scammell MK, McClean MD, Brooks DR, Friedman DJ. Acute Kidney Injury in Sugarcane Workers at Risk for Mesoamerican Nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 2018; 72:475-482. [PMID: 30042041 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Mesoamerican nephropathy (MeN), a form of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown cause in Central America, affects young individuals working in physically strenuous occupations. Repeated episodes of work-related kidney injury may lead to CKD in this setting. We aimed to better understand the burden and natural history of acute kidney injury (AKI) in workers at risk for MeN. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study of active sugarcane workers, followed by prospective follow-up of individuals with AKI. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 326 sugarcane workers with normal preharvest serum creatinine (Scr) values and no history of CKD in an MeN hotspot in Nicaragua near the end of the harvest, and prospective follow-up of workers with AKI. PREDICTOR AKI during the harvest, as defined by Scr level increase ≥ 0.3mg/dL over baseline to a level ≥ 1.3mg/dL. OUTCOMES Kidney function trajectory and development of CKD over 12 months. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Linear regression models were used to analyze the association between job category and kidney function. For workers with AKI, the effect of time on Scr level was evaluated using linear mixed effects. RESULTS 34 of 326 participants were found to have AKI, with a median late-harvest Scr level of 1.64mg/dL in the AKI group. Workers without AKI had a median Scr level of 0.88mg/dL. AKI was more common among cane cutters compared with other field workers. Participants with AKI had variable degrees of kidney function recovery, with median 6- and 12-month Scr values of 1.25 and 1.27mg/dL, respectively (P < 0.001 for each follow-up value compared to late-harvest Scr). When we compared workers' kidney function before the AKI episode to their kidney function at last follow-up, 10 participants with AKI developed de novo estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60mL/min/1.73m2 and 11 had a >30% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate. LIMITATIONS Follow-up limited to 1 year and some loss to follow-up in the prospective component of the study. Broad definition of AKI that includes both acute and subacute kidney injury. CONCLUSIONS In a group of sugarcane workers with normal preharvest kidney function, newly decreased kidney function developing during the harvest season was common. Of those with kidney injury, nearly half had established CKD 12 months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kupferman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Oriana Ramírez-Rubio
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Juan José Amador
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Elissa H Wilker
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca L Laws
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Caryn Sennett
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jorge Luis Lau
- Especialistas en Medicina Interna, Chichigalpa, Nicaragua
| | | | - James S Kaufman
- Research Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Daniel E Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Madeleine K Scammell
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Michael D McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel R Brooks
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
| | - David J Friedman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Gonzalez-Vicente A, Garvin JL, Hopfer U. Transcriptome signature for dietary fructose-specific changes in rat renal cortex: A quantitative approach to physiological relevance. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201293. [PMID: 30067804 PMCID: PMC6070266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose consumption causes metabolic diseases and renal injury primarily in the renal cortex where fructose is metabolized. Analyzing gene differential expression induced by dietary manipulation is challenging. The effects may depend on the base diet and primary changes likely induce secondary or higher order changes that are difficult to capture by conventional univariate transcriptome analyses. We hypothesized that dietary fructose induces a genetic program in the kidney cortex that favors lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. To test this, we analyzed renal cortical transcriptomes of rats on normal- and high-salt base diets supplemented with fructose. Both sets of data were analyzed using the Characteristic Direction method to yield fructose-induced gene vectors of associated differential expression values. A fructose-specific "signature" of 139 genes differentially expressed was extracted from the 2 diet vectors by a new algorithm that takes into account a gene's rank and standard deviation of its differential expression value. Of these genes, 97 were annotated and the top 34 accounted for 80% of the signal in the annotated signature. The genes were predominantly proximal tubule-specific, coding for metabolic enzymes or transporters. Cosine similarity of signature genes in the two fructose-induced vectors was >0.78. These 139 genes of the fructose signature contributed 27% and 38% of total differential expression on normal- and high- salt diet, respectively. Principal Component Analysis showed that the individual animals could be grouped according to diet. The fructose signature contained a greater enrichment of Gene Ontology processes related to nutrition and metabolism of fructose than two univariate analysis methods. The major feature of the fructose signature is a change in metabolic programs of the renal proximal tubule consistent with gluconeogenesis and de-novo lipogenesis. This new "signature" constitutes a new metric to bridge the gap between physiological phenomena and differential expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Gonzalez-Vicente
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey L. Garvin
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Ulrich Hopfer
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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Luyckx VA, Tonelli M, Stanifer JW. The global burden of kidney disease and the sustainable development goals. Bull World Health Organ 2018; 96:414-422D. [PMID: 29904224 PMCID: PMC5996218 DOI: 10.2471/blt.17.206441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease has been described as the most neglected chronic disease. Reliable estimates of the global burden of kidney disease require more population-based studies, but specific risks occur across the socioeconomic spectrum from poverty to affluence, from malnutrition to obesity, in agrarian to post-industrial settings, and along the life course from newborns to older people. A range of communicable and noncommunicable diseases result in renal complications and many people who have kidney disease lack access to care. The causes, consequences and costs of kidney diseases have implications for public health policy in all countries. The risks of kidney disease are also influenced by ethnicity, gender, location and lifestyle. Increasing economic and health disparities, migration, demographic transition, unsafe working conditions and environmental threats, natural disasters and pollution may thwart attempts to reduce the morbidity and mortality from kidney disease. A multisectoral approach is needed to tackle the global burden of kidney disease. The sustainable development goals (SDGs) emphasize the importance of a multisectoral approach to health. We map the actions towards achieving all of the SDGs that have the potential to improve understanding, measurement, prevention and treatment of kidney disease in all age groups. These actions can also foster treatment innovations and reduce the burden of such disease in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Luyckx
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 30, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - John W Stanifer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, United States of America
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High-Performance Thin-Film-Nanocomposite Cation Exchange Membranes Containing Hydrophobic Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework for Monovalent Selectivity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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41
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An R, Ji M, Zhang S. Global warming and obesity: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2018; 19:150-163. [PMID: 28977817 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Global warming and the obesity epidemic are two unprecedented challenges mankind faces today. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO and Scopus for articles published until July 2017 that reported findings on the relationship between global warming and the obesity epidemic. Fifty studies were identified. Topic-wise, articles were classified into four relationships - global warming and the obesity epidemic are correlated because of common drivers (n = 21); global warming influences the obesity epidemic (n = 13); the obesity epidemic influences global warming (n = 13); and global warming and the obesity epidemic influence each other (n = 3). We constructed a conceptual model linking global warming and the obesity epidemic - the fossil fuel economy, population growth and industrialization impact land use and urbanization, motorized transportation and agricultural productivity and consequently influences global warming by excess greenhouse gas emission and the obesity epidemic by nutrition transition and physical inactivity; global warming also directly impacts obesity by food supply/price shock and adaptive thermogenesis, and the obesity epidemic impacts global warming by the elevated energy consumption. Policies that endorse deployment of clean and sustainable energy sources, and urban designs that promote active lifestyles, are likely to alleviate the societal burden of global warming and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R An
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - M Ji
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - S Zhang
- School of Sports Journalism and Foreign Studies, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Copeptin Plasma Levels are Associated with Decline of Renal Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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43
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WORRAMONGKONA P, SEEDA K, PHANSOMBOON P, RATNARATHORN N, CHAILAPAKUL O, DUNGCHAI W. A Simple Paper-based Colorimetric Device for Rapid and Sensitive Urinary Oxalate Determinations. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:103-108. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.34.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piyakorn WORRAMONGKONA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi
| | - Kanyarat SEEDA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi
| | | | - Nalin RATNARATHORN
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi
| | - Orawon CHAILAPAKUL
- Center of Excellence for Petroleum, Petrochemicals, and Advanced Materials, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Wijitar DUNGCHAI
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi
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Kordonowy L, Lombardo KD, Green HL, Dawson MD, Bolton EA, LaCourse S, MacManes MD. Physiological and biochemical changes associated with acute experimental dehydration in the desert adapted mouse, Peromyscus eremicus. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/6/e13218. [PMID: 28330954 PMCID: PMC5371574 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing traits critical for adaptation to a given environment is an important first step in understanding how phenotypes evolve. How animals adapt to the extreme heat and aridity commonplace to deserts is an exceptionally interesting example of these processes, and has been the focus of study for decades. In contrast to those studies, where experiments are conducted on either wild animals or captive animals held in non-desert conditions, the study described here leverages a unique environmental chamber that replicates desert conditions for captive Peromyscus eremicus (cactus mouse). Here, we establish baseline values for daily water intake and for serum electrolytes, as well as the response of these variables to acute experimental dehydration. In brief, P eremicus daily water intake is very low. Its serum electrolytes are distinct from many previously studied animals, and its response to acute dehydration is profound, though not suggestive of renal impairment, which is atypical of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kordonowy
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Kaelina D Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Hannah L Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Molly D Dawson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Evice A Bolton
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Sarah LaCourse
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Matthew D MacManes
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
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Levin A, Tonelli M, Bonventre J, Coresh J, Donner JA, Fogo AB, Fox CS, Gansevoort RT, Heerspink HJL, Jardine M, Kasiske B, Köttgen A, Kretzler M, Levey AS, Luyckx VA, Mehta R, Moe O, Obrador G, Pannu N, Parikh CR, Perkovic V, Pollock C, Stenvinkel P, Tuttle KR, Wheeler DC, Eckardt KU. Global kidney health 2017 and beyond: a roadmap for closing gaps in care, research, and policy. Lancet 2017; 390:1888-1917. [PMID: 28434650 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 584] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The global nephrology community recognises the need for a cohesive plan to address the problem of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In July, 2016, the International Society of Nephrology hosted a CKD summit of more than 85 people with diverse expertise and professional backgrounds from around the globe. The purpose was to identify and prioritise key activities for the next 5-10 years in the domains of clinical care, research, and advocacy and to create an action plan and performance framework based on ten themes: strengthen CKD surveillance; tackle major risk factors for CKD; reduce acute kidney injury-a special risk factor for CKD; enhance understanding of the genetic causes of CKD; establish better diagnostic methods in CKD; improve understanding of the natural course of CKD; assess and implement established treatment options in patients with CKD; improve management of symptoms and complications of CKD; develop novel therapeutic interventions to slow CKD progression and reduce CKD complications; and increase the quantity and quality of clinical trials in CKD. Each group produced a prioritised list of goals, activities, and a set of key deliverable objectives for each of the themes. The intended users of this action plan are clinicians, patients, scientists, industry partners, governments, and advocacy organisations. Implementation of this integrated comprehensive plan will benefit people who are at risk for or affected by CKD worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeera Levin
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Marcello Tonelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Joseph Bonventre
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, George W Comstock Center for Public Health Research and Prevention, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jo-Ann Donner
- International Society of Nephrology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hiddo J L Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Meg Jardine
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Bertram Kasiske
- Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of ComputationalMedicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew S Levey
- Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerie A Luyckx
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and Klinik für Nephrologie University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ravindra Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Orson Moe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gregorio Obrador
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Panamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Neesh Pannu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Chirag R Parikh
- Program of Applied Translational Research, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vlado Perkovic
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol Pollock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katherine R Tuttle
- Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care Kidney Research Institute, Nephrology Division and Institute for Translational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - David C Wheeler
- Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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46
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Altas temperaturas y nefrología: a propósito del cambio climático. Nefrologia 2017; 37:492-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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47
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García-Arroyo FE, Tapia E, Blas-Marron MG, Gonzaga G, Silverio O, Cristóbal M, Osorio H, Arellano-Buendía AS, Zazueta C, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Reyes-García JG, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Soto V, Roncal-Jiménez C, Johnson RJ, Sánchez-Lozada LG. Vasopressin Mediates the Renal Damage Induced by Limited Fructose Rehydration in Recurrently Dehydrated Rats. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:961-975. [PMID: 28924378 PMCID: PMC5599902 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.20074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent dehydration and heat stress cause chronic kidney damage in experimental animals. The injury is exacerbated by rehydration with fructose-containing beverages. Fructose may amplify dehydration-induced injury by directly stimulating vasopressin release and also by acting as a substrate for the aldose reductase-fructokinase pathway, as both of these systems are active during dehydration. The role of vasopressin in heat stress associated injury has not to date been explored. Here we show that the amplification of renal damage mediated by fructose in thermal dehydration is mediated by vasopressin. Fructose rehydration markedly enhanced vasopressin (copeptin) levels and activation of the aldose reductase-fructokinase pathway in the kidney. Moreover, the amplification of the renal functional changes (decreased creatinine clearance and tubular injury with systemic inflammation, renal oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction) were prevented by the blockade of V1a and V2 vasopressin receptors with conivaptan. On the other hand, there are also other operative mechanisms when water is used as rehydration fluid that produce milder renal damage that is not fully corrected by vasopressin blockade. Therefore, we clearly showed evidence of the cross-talk between fructose, even at small doses, and vasopressin that interact to amplify the renal damage induced by dehydration. These data may be relevant for heat stress nephropathy as well as for other renal pathologies due to the current generalized consumption of fructose and deficient hydration habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology. INC Ignacio Chávez. Mexico City. Mexico.,Dept. of Nephrology. INC Ignacio Chávez. Mexico City. Mexico
| | | | - Guillermo Gonzaga
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology. INC Ignacio Chávez. Mexico City. Mexico
| | - Octaviano Silverio
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology. INC Ignacio Chávez. Mexico City. Mexico
| | - Magdalena Cristóbal
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology. INC Ignacio Chávez. Mexico City. Mexico.,Dept. of Nephrology. INC Ignacio Chávez. Mexico City. Mexico
| | - Horacio Osorio
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology. INC Ignacio Chávez. Mexico City. Mexico.,Dept. of Nephrology. INC Ignacio Chávez. Mexico City. Mexico
| | - Abraham S Arellano-Buendía
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology. INC Ignacio Chávez. Mexico City. Mexico.,Dept. of Nephrology. INC Ignacio Chávez. Mexico City. Mexico
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Dept. of Cardiovascular Biomedicine. INC Ignacio Chávez. Mexico City. Mexico
| | | | - Juan G Reyes-García
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN Mexico City. Mexico
| | | | - Virgilia Soto
- Dept. of Pathology. INC Ignacio Chávez. Mexico City. Mexico
| | | | | | - Laura G Sánchez-Lozada
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology. INC Ignacio Chávez. Mexico City. Mexico.,Dept. of Nephrology. INC Ignacio Chávez. Mexico City. Mexico
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48
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Zoccali C. Causal mechanism and component causes in Mesoamerican-Sri Lankan nephropathy: the moderator's view. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:607-610. [PMID: 28407132 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by Conan Doyle's novels, the pro contender of this Polar View undertakes an elegant exercise in territory common to epidemiology and police investigation and concludes that cyclic episodes of dehydration in individuals exposed to heavy work in very hot climates is the cause of Mesoamerican and Sri Lankan nephropathy. The contender in the opposite camp accepts the idea that dehydration may play a key role in this condition but highlights a different explanation, that it is contaminated water used for rehydration that is the eventual cause of the disease.Causal mechanisms result from the combination of many components, i.e. conditions or events that are needed for the occurrence of the disease. If we adopt a global, extended approach to the problem, it is unlikely that cyclic dehydration is a key component in all cases. While credible in most cases in Central America, the cyclic dehydration hypothesis fails to explain most cases in Sri Lanka, where agrochemicals have been implicated as the most likely cause of this disease. The experience with Balkan nephropathy is an enduring lesson that full clarification of the causal mechanisms behind endemic nephropathies can be a decades-long process. Therefore, action to control Mesoamerican and Sri Lankan nephropathy should not be deferred. Deployable interventions include the provision of uncontaminated water sources, prevention of dehydration at work sites and the application of safety procedures for agrochemicals. The joint application of these interventions will most likely benefit the populations plagued by this endemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Zoccali
- CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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49
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Chevalier RL. Evolutionary Nephrology. Kidney Int Rep 2017; 2:302-317. [PMID: 28845468 PMCID: PMC5568830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive kidney disease follows nephron loss, hyperfiltration, and incomplete repair, a process described as "maladaptive." In the past 20 years, a new discipline has emerged that expands research horizons: evolutionary medicine. In contrast to physiologic (homeostatic) adaptation, evolutionary adaptation is the result of reproductive success that reflects natural selection. Evolutionary explanations for physiologically maladaptive responses can emerge from mismatch of the phenotype with environment or evolutionary tradeoffs. Evolutionary adaptation to a terrestrial environment resulted in a vulnerable energy-consuming renal tubule and a hypoxic, hyperosmolar microenvironment. Natural selection favors successful energy investment strategy: energy is allocated to maintenance of nephron integrity through reproductive years, but this declines with increasing senescence after ~40 years of age. Risk factors for chronic kidney disease include restricted fetal growth or preterm birth (life history tradeoff resulting in fewer nephrons), evolutionary selection for APOL1 mutations (that provide resistance to trypanosome infection, a tradeoff), and modern life experience (Western diet mismatch leading to diabetes and hypertension). Current advances in genomics, epigenetics, and developmental biology have revealed proximate causes of kidney disease, but attempts to slow kidney disease remain elusive. Evolutionary medicine provides a complementary approach by addressing ultimate causes of kidney disease. Marked variation in nephron number at birth, nephron heterogeneity, and changing susceptibility to kidney injury throughout life history are the result of evolutionary processes. Combined application of molecular genetics, evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo), developmental programming and life history theory may yield new strategies for prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Chevalier
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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50
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MacManes MD. Severe acute dehydration in a desert rodent elicits a transcriptional response that effectively prevents kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F262-F272. [PMID: 28381460 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00067.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals living in desert environments are forced to survive despite severe heat, intense solar radiation, and both acute and chronic dehydration. These animals have evolved phenotypes that effectively address these environmental stressors. To begin to understand the ways in which the desert-adapted rodent Peromyscus eremicus survives, reproductively mature adults were subjected to 72 h of water deprivation, during which they lost, on average, 23% of their body weight. The animals reacted via a series of changes in the kidney, which included modulating expression of genes responsible for reducing the rate of transcription and maintaining water and salt balance. Extracellular matrix turnover appeared to be decreased, and apoptosis was limited. In contrast to the canonical human response, serum creatinine and other biomarkers of kidney injury were not elevated, suggesting that changes in gene expression related to acute dehydration may effectively prohibit widespread kidney damage in the cactus mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew David MacManes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
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